A. N.massa Dan B. N.panas Fix

Dada -data:

Densitas Gas (Sumber: Ullmann)Pada Tekanan 101,3 kPa

T-150 0.1994-100 0.1418

-50 0.110 0.0899

50 0.076100 0.0658150 0.558

0 3.21350 2.7

100 2.33150 2.051

Densitas Liquid

T = 90.0000 CBM komponen A B C

18.0150 H2O 5.4590 0.3054 647.1300

Hasil: ρ T = 90 = 1054.2714

ρ T = 90 = 965.321

*H2

ρ (kg/m3)

*Cl2

*H2O (sumber: Chemcad)

*H2O (sumber: perry's)

Data - Data untuk menghitung Neraca Energi

* Data konstanta dan persamaan kapasitas panas

Komponen A B

NaCl (s) 10.7900 + 0.0042

276,370.0000 - 2,090.1000

8.2200 + 0.0002

18.5200 + 0.0220

17.3000 + 0.0038

26.7000

16.9000 + 0.0039

NaOH (s) 0.1210 + 0.0163

28.9000

18.2000

19.6800 + 0.0119

32.8000 +

HCl (g) 6.7000 + 0.0008

139.1000 + 0.1559

6.6200 + 0.0008

8.2800 + 0.0006

0.2260(sumber: Perry's, Tabel 2-194)

Komposisi Satuan

-241.8260 kJ/mol

-285.8400 kJ/mol

NaCl -411.0000 kJ/mol

-1432.7000 kJ/mol

-641.8300 kJ/mol

-1275.8676 kJ/mol

-794.9000 kJ/mol

NaOH -425.6090 kJ/mol smith-1130.0000 kJ/mol

-924.6600 kJ/mol

CaCO3 -1206.9000 kJ/mol

-1384.5000 kJ/mol

HCl -92.3110 kJ/mol

-813.9890 kJ/mol smithCl2 0.0000 kJ/mol

H2 0.0000 kJ/mol

sumber: himelblau

H2O (l)

H2O (g)

CaSO4(s)

MgCl2 (s)

MgSO4 (s)

CaCl2 (s)

Na2CO

3 (s)

Mg(OH)2 (s)

CaCO3 (s)

Na2SO

4 (s)

H2SO

4(l)

H2 (g)

Cl2 (g)

Cl2(l)

Heat Of Formation (∆Hf)H2O (g)

H2O (l)

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

Na2SO

4

H2SO

4

363.1500 KD E Kg/jam

0.0810 0.0000 58.5219 1,054.2714 376.8053376.8053

Densitas (kmol/m3) Densitas (kg/m3)

kg/m3

kg/m3

C

T

T + 8.1250 -

T + 0.0000

T - 156,800.0000

T

T

T + 1.9480

T - 307,600.0000

T

T

T

T

-304.9400 kcal/mol perry's

T2

T2

T-2

T-2

T-2

0.35740.3574

volum(m3)

D E

0.0141 + 0.0000T3

Perhitungan Neraca Massa:

Data - data:* Komposisi GaramKomponen % wt

NaCl 97.4600

0.4090

0.0070

0.0400

1.3610

0.7230

Total 100.0000 (sumber: PT.Garam)

Neraca Massa pada tiap alat:

1. Tangki Pencampuran

Basis 1000 kg/jam NaCl

Dimana:F1: Umpan NaClF2: Air Proses yang harus ditambahkan untuk menghasilkan larutan NaCl umpan elektrolisis 280 - 305 gr/liter

Pada mixing tank ini, diberikan tambahan air sesuai dengan kebutuhan umpan elektrolisis dan juga agar bisa ditreatmen (dhilangkan impuritis2nya)

*Perhitungan air yang ditambahkan:Diketahui:Umpan larutan NaCl = 290.0000 gram NaCl

1.0000Densitas :

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

liter larutan (NaCl+H2O)

MT -101

F1

F2

F1

F2

F1

F2

NaCl = 2.1650

0.9970

**volume NaCl = massa NaCl/ densitas NaCl

= 133.9492

= 0.1339

= 0.8661

= 866.0508

= 863.4527

sehingga :

Komponen Massa fraksi massa (wi)NaCl 290.0000 0.2514

863.4527 0.74861,153.4527 1.0000

= 1.1535

Volume campuran = massa campuran/ densitas campuran

= 1,000.0000

= 1.0000

Komposisi Garam yang masuk berdasarkan basis:

KomponenMasuk

F1 (kg/jam)NaCl 974.6000

4.0900

0.0700

0.4000

13.6100

7.2300Total 1,000.0000

Umpan yang masuk ke elektrolisis (290 gr/liter):Komponen % kg/jam

gr/cm3

H2O = gr/cm3

cm3

dm3 atau liter

**volume H2O = Volume larutan - volume NaCl

liter atau dm3

cm3

**massa H2O = densitas H

2O x volume H

2O

gr H2O

H2O

ρcampuran =

cm3

dm3 atau liter

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

wi

wi

NaCl 25.1419 974.6000

74.8581 2,901.7964Total 100.0000 3,876.3964

Jadi, air yang harus ditambahkan ke tangki pencampuran:

= 2,888.1864 kg/jam

Neraca Massa Total di tangki pencampuran

KomponenMasuk

F1 (kg/jam) F2 (kg/jam)NaCl 974.6000 0.0000

4.0900 0.0000

0.0700 0.0000

0.4000 0.0000

13.6100 2,888.1864

7.2300 0.0000Total 1,000.0000 2,888.1864

2. Reaktor-101 (R-101)

Dimana:F3: Aliran Umpan dari MT-101

F5: Aliran NaOH 50%

Diketahui:

80.0000

88.0000

reaksi 1 +

H2O

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

F4: Aliran Na2CO

3 25%

Na2CO

3 diberikan secara berlebih 0,6 - 1 g/l , umumnya 0,8 -1 (patent 4448682)

NaOH diberikan secara berlebih 1-2 g/l (patent 4448682)

Untuk Mg2+ konversi =

Untuk Ca2+ konversi =

CaSO4

R -101

F3

F5F4

mula2 0.0300reaksi 0.0264sisa 0.0036

reaksi 2 +mula2 0.0651reaksi 0.0573sisa 0.0078



==

Komponen kg/jam Kmol/jam

10.0885 0.0952

30.2655 1.6799Total 40.3540

Komposisi aliran 5 (NaOH) NaOH yang dibutuhkan (reaksi 1 dan 2) =

= NaOH yang dipakai 50 %komposisi NaOH awal yang dibutuhkanKomponen kg/jam Kmol/jamNaOH 0.3247 0.0081

0.3247 0.0031Total 0.6493

"menghitung excess yang dibutuhkan"

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4

Komposisi aliran 4 (Na2CO

3)

Na2CO

3 yang dibutuhkan (reaksi 3 dan 4)

Na2CO

3yang dipakai 25 %

komposisi Na2CO

3 awal yang dibutuhkan

Na2CO

3

H2O

H2O

Komposisi aliran masuk umpan

Komponen BM F3

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 974.6000

136.1400 4.0900

95.2180 0.0700

120.3600 0.4000

18.0160 2,901.7964

110.9900 7.2300Total 3,888.1864

= 1.1553

= 1.1553

1.1553

= 1.1553

Volume campuran = massa campuran/ densitas campuran= 3,365.6148 liter

0.8 gr excess NaOH per 1 liter campuran awal

2,692.4918= 2.6925

kg/jam fraksi

2.6925 0.2500

8.0775 0.7500Total 10.7700 1.0000

*Excess NaOH: 1 gr excess NaOH per 1 liter campuran awal

3,365.6148= 3.3656

kg/jam fraksiNaOH 3.3656 0.5000

3.3656 0.5000Total 6.7312 1.0000

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

ρcampuran =

*Excess Na2CO

3:

maka Na2CO

3excess yang harus diberikan =

Komposisi ExcessNa

2CO

3

H2O

maka NaOH excess yang harus diberikan =

Komposisi Excess

H2O

wi

wi

Neraca Massa Total di Reaktor-101Masuk

Komponen F3

kg/jam kmol/jam

NaCl 974.6000 16.6761

4.0900 0.0300

0.0700 0.0007

0.4000 0.0033

2,901.7964 161.0677

7.2300 0.0651

0.0000 0.0000

NaOH 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

Total3,888.1864

3,946.6910

3,966.1660

3. Sand Filter-101 (SF-101)

Dimana:F6: Aliran Umpan dari R-101F7: Aliran endapan yang tersaring

Neraca massa di sand filter:

KomponenMasuk Keluar


0.4908 0.0000

0.0140 0.0000

0.0800 0.0000

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

F8: Aliran produk (over flow) yang keluar dari SF-101

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

SF-101

F6

F8

2,943.8297 0.0000

0.8676 0.0000

3.9031 0.0000NaOH 3.4305 0.0000

0.1894 0.1894

8.3837 8.3837

4.1328 0.0000

Total3,946.6908 8.5731

3,946.6908

Dimana:F8: Aliran Umpan dari SF-101F9: Aliran keluar larutan garam menuju AE-101

Reaksi - reaksi yang terjadi:

+

regenerasi : 2R-Ca +

Total : +mula2 0.0036reaksi 0.0036sisa 0.0000

+

regenerasi : 2R-Mg +

Total : +

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

4. Cation Exchanger-101 (CE-101)

F10: Aliran masuk regenerat NaCl 10%F11: Aliran keluar waste regenerant (hasil regenerasi sedangkan resin masih dipakai lagi)

reaksi 1: untuk CaSO4

CaSO4

CaSO4

reaksi 2: untuk MgCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

CE-101

F8

F11

F10

mula2 0.0001reaksi 0.0001sisa 0.0000

+



+



Total NaCl yang dibutuhkan = 0.0245 = 1.4300

NaCl yang digunakan sebagai regenerant adalah NaCl 10%

Komposisi Regenerant: kg/jam fraksiNaCl 1.4300 0.1000

12.8696 0.9000Total 14.2995 1.0000

Neraca massa di CE-101masuk

Komponen F8kg/jam kmol/jam

NaCl 981.3691 16.7919

0.4908 0.0036

0.0140 0.0001

0.0800 0.0007

2,943.8297 163.4008

0.8676 0.0078

3.9031 0.0368

reaksi 3: untuk MgSO4

MgSO4

MgSO4

reaksi 4: untuk CaCl2

CaCl2

CaCl2

Komposisi Regenerant:

H2O

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

NaOH 3.4305 0.0858

4.1328 0.0291

Total3,938.1177

3,952.4172

Dimana:F9: Aliran Umpan dari CE-101F12: Aliran keluar larutan garam menuju MT-102


+

regenerasi : +


+

regenerasi : +


Total NaCl yang dibutuhkan = 0.1404

Na2SO

4

5. Anion Exchanger-101 (AE-101)


reaksi 1: untuk Na2CO

3

Na2CO

3

2R-CO3

Na2CO

3

reaksi 2: untuk Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

2R-SO4

Na2SO

4

AE-101

F9

F14

F13

= 8.2044NaCl yang digunakan sebagai regenerant adalah NaCl 10%


73.8394 0.9000Total 82.0438 1.0000

Neraca massa di AE-101masuk


NaCl 982.3000 16.8078

2,943.8297 163.4008

3.9031 0.0368NaOH 3.4305 0.0858

4.7393 0.0334

Total3,938.2026

4,020.2464

6. Tangki Netralisasi (MT-102)

Dimana:F13: Aliran Larutan Garam dari AE-101F15: Aliran HCl 32 % dari Tangki Penyimpanan F16: Aliran Keluar larutan garam dengan pH 3

Diperhitungkan: sejumlah HCl bereaksi dengan NaOH terlebih dahulu"Reaksi Netralisasi":

NaOH +awal 0.0858Reaksi : 0.0858Setimbang: 0.0000

Dari reaksi netralisasi:* HCl yang perlu ditambahkan untuk menetralkan NaOH =

= HCl yang digunakan untuk reaksi netralisasi adalah HCl 32%, sehingga komposisi Larutan HCl:


H2O

H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

MT -102

F13

F15

Komponen Massa (kg/jam) FraksiHCl 3.1273 0.3200

6.6454 0.68009.7727 1.0000

* NaCl tambahan yang terbentuk ==

==

Komposisi massa setelah reaksi netralisasi

KomponenMasuk


2943.8297 6.6454NaOH 3.4305 0.0000HCl 0.0000 3.1273

Total: 3937.7646 9.77273947.5373

3954.0952

Setelah netralisasi:

1.1540 kg/liter

3,420.7262 liter

"Pembuatan larutan pH 3":HCl yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai pH 3Jumlah HCl untuk mencapai pH 3

pH = -log[H]+

3 = -log[H]+

3 = -log10-3

[H]+ = 0.0010 M (= mol/ liter)

Molaritas = MolVolume

[H]+ = [HCl] = Mol3,420.7262

Mol HCl = 3.4207 mol= 0.0034 kmol HCl

massa HCl = 0.1247 kg HCl

Total akhir massa HCl yang dibutuhkan (netraslisasi + untuk membuat larutan NaCl menjadi pH 3) := 3.2520 kg

Komposisi akhir HCl 32% yg digunakan untuk membuat larutan pH 3Komponen Massa (kg/jam) Fraksi

H2O

* H2O tambahan yang terbentuk

H2O

ρcampuran =

Volume campuran =

HCl 3.2520 0.3200

6.9105 0.680010.1625 1.0000

Neraca massa di MT-102masuk


NaCl 990.5044 16.9482

2,943.8297 163.4008NaOH 3.4305 0.0858HCl 0.0000 0.0000

Total3,937.7646

3,947.9271

7.Reaktor Elektrolisis (RE-201)

Diketahui:

7. Konversi di reaktor = 99 % = (Sumber: Kirk Othmer dan Ulman Tabel 20,hal 65)

Reaksi yang terjadi:

NaCl +

H2O

H2O

"merupakan tempat terjadinya reaksi NaCl dengan H2O membentuk NaOH, Cl

2 dan H

2"

1. Membran yang digunakan dibuat dari Perfluoro Sulfonic Acid yaitu Nafion.

2. Membran ini hanya mengijinkan ion Na+ untuk melewatinya dan mencegah ion OH-

3. Keluaran reaktor Elektrolisis adalah NaOH 32 %wt (kirk othmer) hal ini dapat dikontrol pada input H2O di katoda.

4. H2O Transport dari katoda ke anoda sebesar 3,9 kmol H

2O/kmol Na+

5. Cl2 yang keluar dari anoda adalah 99,5 %vol

6. H2 yang keluar dari katoda adalah 99,9 %vol

RE -201F16

F18 F19

F20 F21

awal 17.0340Reaksi : 16.8636Setimbang: 0.1703

Konversi = reaktan yang bereaksi reaktan mula-mula

0.9900 = A16.8636

A = 16.6950= 975.7062

"Komposisi Keluaran Elektrolisis"

* Produk Utama (aliran 21 / katoda bawah)Komponen BM %wt

NaOH 39.9970 32

18.0160 68Total 100

* Produk Samping (aliran 18 / anoda atas)

Diketahui:

mol = 8.4318 kmol/jam

597.8499 kg/jam

2.4040

248.6896

1.2497 m3 = 1,249.6966 liter

1,054.2714 kg/m3

1,317.5194 kg/jamsehingga:

Komponen BM %wt

70.9040 31.2133

18.0160 68.7867Total 100


H2O

Dimana Gas Cl2 yang dihasilkan dari reaksi elektrolisis sel membran adalah 99,5% v/v

Cl2 yang dihasilkan:

massa Cl2 =

ρ Cl2 = kg/m3

Volume Cl2 = m3

H2O yang ada pada 99,5 %vol Cl

2

Volume H2O =

ρ H2O =

massa H2O =

Cl2

H2O

Diketahui:


16.9969 kg/jam

0.0678

250.5434

0.2508 m3 = 250.7942 liter

1,054.2714 kg/m3

264.4052 kg/jamsehingga:

Komponen BM %wt

2.0158 6.0401

18.0160 93.9599Total 100

* aliran 20 / anoda bawah / aliran keluar umpan masuk yang tidak bereaksiDiketahui:

-

Neraca mol untuk air:

- Air di katoda =

- Air di Anoda =

Neraca mol Total untuk air di reaktor elektrolisis:masuk - keluar + Generasi - Konsumsi = Acc = 0

Komponen BM kmol/jamNaCl 58.4430 0.1703

18.0160 156.5079HCl 36.4610 0.0034

Dimana Gas H2 yang dihasilkan dari reaksi elektrolisis sel membran adalah 99,9% v/v

H2 yang dihasilkan:

massa H2 =

ρ H2 = kg/m3

Volume H2 = m3

H2O yang ada pada 99,9 %vol H

2

Volume H2O =

ρ H2O =

massa H2O =

H2

H2O

H2O transpor dari katoda menuju anoda =

air didepleted brine =

(anoda + katoda) -(Cl2 + depleted brine + H

2 + NaOH) + 0 - Reaksi =

sehingga, komposisi di depleted brine:

H2O

Total 156.6816425996

Komponen BM kmol/jam

18.0160 176.8652Total 176.8652

Neraca massa di RE-201masuk


NaCl 995.5170 17.0340

2,952.2854 163.8702NaOH 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000HCl 0.1247 0.0034

Total3,947.9272

7,134.32988,423.6717

8.Evaporator (EV-301)Fungsi: memekatkan larutan NaOH 32% dengan cara menguapkan airnya.

Dimana:F21: Aliran Larutan NaOH 32% dari RE-201

F23: Aliran Keluar larutan NaOH dari EV-301

Diketahui:Umpan yang masuk ke evaporatorKomponen kg/jam %wtNaOH 674.4951 0.3200

1,433.3021 0.6800

"Komposisi H2O yang masuk ke katoda (aliran 17)"

H2O

H2O

Cl2

H2

F22: Aliran H2O yang teruapkan

H2O

EV-301F21

F22

F23

Total 2,107.7972 1.0000

F21Neraca Massa Komponen:

Untuk komponen NaOH:Diketahui:

0.3200

0.7300

Maka:Neraca Massa Komponen NaOH :

2,107.7972

Sehingga, massa air yang teruapkan : F22 = F21 - F23

= 1,183.8313

Neraca massa di EV-301Masuk

Komponen F21kg/jam fraksi

NaOH 674.4951 0.32

1,433.3021 0.68

Total2,107.7972

Dimana:F23: Aliran Keluar larutan NaOH dari EV-301

Asumsi-asumsi:

3. Dalam keseluruhan magma itu terdapat keadaan lewat jenuh yang seragam

Neraca Massa Over All di Evaporator:

F21 . X21

X21

=

X23

=

H2O

9. Crystallizer (CR-301)

F24: Aliran Kristal dan mother liquor yang keluar dari crystallizer

1. Operasinya steady state2. Crystallizer selalu berisi magma suspensi-campuran

CR-301F23

Diketahui:

Komponen kg/jam %wtNaOH 674.4951 0.7300

249.4708 0.2700Total 923.9659 1.0000

Data Kelarutan NaOH pada berbagai temperatur :Kelarutan

Fase

0 42

10 51.5

20 109

30 119

40 129

50 145

60 174708090 313 NaOH100 347 NaOH

(Sumber: Perry's, Tabel 2.120)

Komposisi dari suatu larutan dapat dinyatakan dalam berbagai satuan misalnya: massa zat/massa pelarut, massa zat/massa larutan, massa zat/ volume pelarut dll.

Berdasarkan Tabel 3.1 Mullyn, faktor konversi untuk unit konsentrasi larutan :

Dimana:

Larutan induk didinginkan sampai suhu : Diketahui:

0.5633

58.01339.9970

R = 1.4504maka:

Umpan yang masuk ke cryztallizer

H2O

Suhu ( oC)(kg zat / 100 kg H

2O)

NaOH.4H

2O

NaOH . 3 1/2

H2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

Data kelarutan yang didapat, masih merupakan data kelarutan NaOH dalam bentuk Unhydrate

C1 = kg zat anhydrous/kg air

C3 = kg zat hydrate/kg larutan

R = Berat molekul hydrate (MH) / Berat Molekul anhydrous (M

A)

40 oC

C3 =

BM hydrate (NaOH.1H

2O) =

BM unhydrate (NaOH) =

3

31 CR

CC

0.635063.5001

Larutan induk didinginkan sampai suhu : * Kelarutan 63.5001

per 100

* Jumlah air yang pada larutan (umpan) = 249.4708 NaOH yang Larut = 158.4142

* NaOH yang tidak larut (yang menjadi kristal) = NaOH pada larutan induk - NaOH yang larut= 516.0809

F = S + C + WDimana:F = Larutan (umpan) yang akan dikristalkan C = Kristal yang terbentukW = air yang menguap (kristalisasi dengan sistem pendinginan air yang menguap =0)

F = S + C S = F - C = 407.8850

S terdiri dari: NaOHnk = 158.4142 kg/jam

249.4708 kg/jam

Neraca Massa CR-301Masuk


674.4951 0.7300

0.0000 0.0000

249.4708 0.2700Total 923.9659

kelarutan NaOH unhydrate dalam 1 kg air C

1 =

kg unhydrate dalam 100 kg air =

40 oC

Neraca massa total di crystallizer:

S = mother liquor

H2O =

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

10. Centrifuse (CF-301)

Dimana:

F25: Aliran keluar Kristal NaOH

F24 = F25 + F26

asumsi: Larutan yang terikut padatan = 2

Aliran F26

516.0809 kg/jam

3.1683 kg/jam

4.9894 kg/jam

Neraca Massa CF-301Masuk


158.4142 0.1715

516.0809 0.5585

249.4708 0.2700Total 923.9659

Fungsi : memisahkan kristal NaOH dari mother liquor

F24: Aliran Keluar larutan NaOH + kristal dari crystallizer

F26: Aliran keluar mother liquor

Neraca Massa di centrifuse:

pemisahan endapan dan filtrat yang dilakukan dgn centifuse maka larutan induk yang terikut padatan 2-10 %

Komposisi keluaran Centrifuse:

* NaOH kristal =

NaOH non kristal =

H2O =

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

11. Screener (SC-301)

CF-301F24

F25

SC-301F26

F27

Dimana:

F27: Aliran keluar Kristal NaOH yang tersaring (yang diinginkan)

5.0000

F26 = F27 + F28

* Produk yang tidak tersaring (F28):

0.1584 kg/jam

25.8040 kg/jam

0.2495 kg/jam

Neraca Massa SC-301Masuk


3.1683 0.0060

516.0809 0.9844

4.9894 0.0095Total 524.2386

Dimana:



0.1584 0.0060

25.8040 0.9844

0.2495 0.0095Total 26.2119

F26: Aliran umpan masuk screener

F28: Aliran keluar kristal NaOH yang tidak tersaring (over size)

Produk yang tak tersaring (oversize) = Neraca massa di screener:

NaOHnon kristal =

NaOH kristal =

H2O =

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

12. Hammer mill (HM-301)

F28: Aliran kristal NaOH yang tidak tersaring (over size)F29: Aliran keluar Kristal NaOH yang kemballi ke screener

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

HM-301F28

untuk 1 jam operasi:

Dimana: Kapasitas Poduk (spesifik) = 50000= 6,313.1313

massa produk perjam dengan basis = 524.2386

maka:12.0425

Dengan mengalikan semua perhitungan, maka akan di dapat perhitungan yang sebenarnya sesuai dengan kapasitas pabrik.

" Untuk menghitung neraca massa dengan Kapasitas 50.000 Ton/Tahun, dicari Faktor Pengali (Scale Up) dengan cara:

Faktor Pengali (scale up) =

basisdenganjamperprodukmassa

spesifikjamperprodukmassaScaleUpPengaliFaktor )(

*Berat molekulNaCl 58.4430

136.1400

95.2180

120.3600

18.0160

110.9900

39.9970

105.9900

58.3270

100.0900

142.0400HCl 36.4610

70.9040

2.0158

= 1,000.0000

F2: Air Proses yang harus ditambahkan untuk menghasilkan larutan NaCl umpan elektrolisis 280 - 305 gr/liter


untuk 280.0000

Vol. NaCl 129.33030.1293

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

NaOHNa

2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Cl2

H2


MT -101 F3

0.8707

870.6697

868.0577fraksi NaCl 0.2439

wi / ρ 2.1650 0.1161

0.9970 0.75080.8670

Vol.H2O

massa H2O

ρ(gr/cm3)

gr/cm3

Neraca molKeluar Masuk

F3 (kg/jam) F13 (fraksi) F1 (kmol/jam)974.6000 0.2507 16.6761

4.0900 0.0011 0.0300

0.0700 0.0000 0.0007

0.4000 0.0001 0.0033

2,901.7964 0.7463 161.0677

7.2300 0.0019 0.06513,888.1864 1.0000 177.8431

% 0.8000

% 0.8800(Sumber: Patent 4448682)

+

(H2O yang dibutuhkan dielektrolisis - H

2O yang sudah ada di garan)

Na2CO

3CaCO

3

R -101 F6

0.03000.0264 0.02640.0036 0.0264

0.06510.0573 0.05730.0078 0.0573

2NaOH +0.00150.0012 0.00060.0003 0.0006

2NaOH +0.00660.0053 0.00270.0013 0.0027

0.0952 kmol/jam10.0885 kg/jam

fraksi

0.2500

0.75001.0000


fraksi0.5000

0.50001.0000

Na2CO

3CaCO

3

Mg(OH)2

Mg(OH)2

wi / ρ kmol/jam wi16.6761 0.2507 2.165 0.11578

0.0300 0.0011 2.96 0.00036

0.0007 0.0000 2.32 0.00001

0.0033 0.0001 2.66 0.00004

161.0677 0.7463 0.997 0.74856

0.0651 0.0019 2.15 0.000861.0000 0.86560

≈ x=?3,365.6148 liter

grkg

≈ x=?3,365.6148 liter

grkg

ρ(gr/cm3)

g/cm3

kg/dm3

g/cm3

kg/dm3

Masuk

F4 F5

kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

38.3430 2.1283 3.6903 0.2048

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

12.7810 0.1206 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 3.6903 0.0923

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

51.1240 7.3805

Keluar Generasi Konsumsi AccF8 (kg/jam) (kg/jam) (kg/jam)

981.3691 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.4908 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0140 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

) yang keluar dari SF-101

SF-101 F7

2,943.8297 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.8676 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

3.9031 0.0000 0.0000 0.00003.4305 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.1328 0.0000 0.0000 0.00003,938.1177

3,946.6908

2R-Ca +

2NaCl +

2NaCl +0.00720.0072 0.00360.0000 0.0036

2R-Mg +

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +

(hasil regenerasi sedangkan resin masih dipakai lagi)

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

Na2SO

4

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

CE-101 F9

0.00030.0003 0.00030.0000 0.0003

2R-Mg +

2NaCl +

2NaCl +0.00130.0013 0.00070.0000 0.0007

2R-Ca +

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.01560.0156 0.01560.0000 0.0156

kmol/jamkg/jam

kmol/jam0.0245

0.7143

masukGenerasi

F10kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam1.4300 0.0245 0.9309 0.0159

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0773 0.0008

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

12.8696 0.7143 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 1.2677 0.0114

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

Na2SO

4

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.6065 0.004314.2995 2.8824

3,952.4172

+

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.07370.0737 0.07370.0000 0.0737

+

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.06670.0667 0.06670.0000 0.0667

kmol/jam


2(R-Cl-) 2R-CO3

2(R-Cl-)

2(R-Cl+) 2R-SO4

2(R-Cl+)

AE-101 F12

kg/jam

kmol/jam0.1404

4.0985

masukGenerasi


73.8394 4.0985 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 3.9031 0.03680.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 4.7393 0.033482.0438 16.8468

4,020.2464

HCl NaCl +0.08580.0858 0.08580.0000 0.0858


HCl yang digunakan untuk reaksi netralisasi adalah HCl 32%, sehingga komposisi Larutan HCl:

MT -102 F16



Generasi Konsumsi Setelah netralisasi(kg/jam) (kg/jam) (kg/jam) wi5.0127 0.0000 995.5170 0.2522

1.5452 0.0000 2952.0204 0.74780.0000 3.4305 0.0000 0.00000.0000 3.1273 0.0000 0.00006.5579 6.558 3947.5374 1.0000

3954.0952 3954.0952

Total akhir massa HCl yang dibutuhkan (netraslisasi + untuk membuat larutan NaCl menjadi pH 3) :

masukGenerasi


6.9105 0.3836 1.5452 0.08580.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00003.2520 0.0892 0.0000 0.000010.1625 6.5579

3,947.9271

0.99

NaOH +

O membentuk NaOH, Cl2 dan H

2"


H2O

RE -201 F17

176.865216.8636 16.8636

160.0015 16.8636

kmol NaCl/ jamkg NaCl / jam

kmol/jam kg/jam16.8636 674.4951

79.5572 1,433.30212,107.7972

kmol/jam kg/jam

8.4318 597.8499

73.1305 1,317.51941,915.3693

(ρ pada T=90 oC dan 1atm)


kmol/jam kg/jam

8.4318 16.9969

14.6761 264.4052281.4020

= 3.9000 x 16.8636

= 65.7682

= 1,184.8800

176.8652

156.5079

00.0000 = 0

kg/jam % wt9.9552 0.3518

2,819.6460 99.64380.1247 0.0044



3,9 kmol H2O

kmol Na+

kmol H2O

kg H2O

Air ke larutan NaOH + Air keluar H2+air yang bereaksi +Air Transport ke anoda

kmol H2O

Air ke Cl2+air didepleted brine-yang pindah ke katoda

kmol H2O


2,829.7259 100.0000

kg/jam % wt

3,186.4027 100.00003,186.4027 100.0000

masukGenerasi


3,186.4027 176.8652 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 674.4951 16.8636

0.0000 0.0000 597.8499 8.4318

0.0000 0.0000 16.9969 8.43180.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

3,186.4027 1,289.34187,134.3298

8,423.6717

EV-301

= F22 + F23

= +

x 0.3200 = F22. (0)674.4951 = 0.7300

F23 = 923.9659

kg/jam

Generasi Konsumsi

kg/jam fraksi kg/jam fraksi0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000

F22 . X22

F23 . X23

yang keluar dari crystallizer

CR-301 F24

BM39.9970

18.0160

/ 100


kg H2O


kg NaOH

kg NaOH

kg NaOH

NaOH pada larutan induk - NaOH yang larutkg/jam

kg/jam

Generasi Konsumsi

kg/jam fraksi kg/jam fraksi

0.0000 0.0000 158.4142 0.6350

516.0809 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 249.4708 1.0000516.0809 407.8850

kg unhydrate / kg air

kg H2O

kg H2O

(sumber: Perry's 7th ed.P19-89)

%

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000


maka larutan induk yang terikut padatan 2-10 %

CF-301 F26

SC-301 F28


% (sumber: Perry's )

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0060 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0060 0.0000



HM-301 F29

ton/tahunkg/jamkg/jam





(Sumber: Handbook of Inorganic Chemical, 2002, by: Pradyot Patnaik, Ph.D)

(Kirk othmer, tabel.14)

gr/l untuk 305.0000

Vol. NaCl 140.8776liter 0.1409cm3

liter 0.8591

859.1224

856.5450fraksi NaCl 0.2626

Vol.H2O

cm3

gr H2O massa H

2O

Masuk KeluarF2 (kmol/jam) F3 (kmol/jam)

0.0000 16.6761

0.0000 0.0300

0.0000 0.0007

0.0000 0.0033

160.3123 161.0677

0.0000 0.0651160.3123 177.8431

Na2SO

4

0.02640.0264

2NaCl

0.11460.1146

2NaCl

0.00120.0012

0.00270.0027

Na2SO

4

Generasi Konsumsi


6.7691 0.1158 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 3.5992 0.0264

0.0000 0.0000 0.0560 0.0006

0.0000 0.0000 0.3200 0.0027

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 6.3624 0.0573

0.0000 0.0000 8.8779 0.0838

0.0000 0.0000 0.2597 0.0065

0.1894 0.0032 0.0000 0.0000

8.3837 0.0838 0.0000 0.0000

4.1328 0.0291 0.0000 0.0000

19.4750 19.4752

19.4750 19.4752

3,966.1660

Neraca mol

BMMasuk Keluar

F6 (kmol/jam) F7 (kmol/jam)58.4430 16.7919 0.0000

136.1400 0.0036 0.0000

95.2180 0.0001 0.0000

120.3600 0.0007 0.0000

18.0160 163.4008 0.0000

110.9900 0.0078 0.0000

105.9900 0.0368 0.000039.9970 0.0858 0.0000

58.3270 0.0032 0.0032

100.0900 0.0838 0.0838

142.0400 0.0291 0.0000180.4437 0.0870

180.4437

0.00360.0036

2NaCl

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

0.00010.0001

0.00070.0007

2NaCl

0.00780.0078

KonsumsiKeluar


0.4908 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000

0.0140 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

0.0800 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 2,943.8297 163.4008

0.8676 0.0078 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 3.9031 0.0368

Na2SO

4

MgCl2

MgCl2

CaCl2

CaCl2

0.0000 0.0000 3.4305 0.0858

0.0000 0.0000 4.7393 0.03342.8824 3,938.2026

3,952.4172

2NaCl

0.03680.0368

2NaCl

0.03340.0334

Na2CO

3

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

KonsumsiKeluar


0.0000 0.0000 2,943.8297 163.4008

3.9031 0.0368 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 3.4305 0.0858

4.7393 0.0334 0.0000 0.000016.8468 3,937.7646

4,020.2464

0.08580.0858

H2O

Setelah netralisasiwi/ ρ

2.1650 0.1165

0.9970 0.7501

0.8665

Perhitungan pH larutan garam masuk sebelum dinetralkan dan diasamkanKomponen kg/jam wi

NaCl 990.5044 0.2515 2.1650

2,943.8297 0.7476 0.9970NaOH 3.4305 0.0009 2.1300

3,937.7646 1.0000

1.1542 kg/liter

3411.8061 liter

0.00003 M (= mol/liter)

= 4.5229

p Kw = p OH + pH pH = pKw - p OH

= 14 - p OHpH = 9.4771

ρ (kg/liter)

ρ (kg/liter)

H2O

ρcampuran =

Volume campuran =

[OH-] = [NaOH]=

p OH = -log[OH-]

KonsumsiKeluar


0.0000 0.0000 2,952.2854 163.87023.4305 0.0858 0.0000 0.00003.1273 0.0858 0.1247 0.00346.5578 3,947.9272

3,947.9272

+1/2 Cl2

1/2 H2

8.4318 8.43188.4318 8.4318

176.8652

KonsumsiKeluar

F18kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam

985.5619 16.8636 0.0000 0.0000

303.8154 16.8636 1,317.5194 73.13050.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 597.8499 8.4318

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

1,289.3773 1,915.36937,134.2944

8,423.6717

+ F23 x 0.7300F23kg/jam

KeluarF22 F23


1,183.8313 1.0000 249.4708 0.271,183.8313 923.9659

2,107.7972

KeluarF24 (S+C)

kg/jam fraksi

158.4142 0.1715

516.0809 0.5585

249.4708 0.2700923.9659


KeluarF25 F26


155.2459 0.3884 3.1683 0.0060

0.0000 0.0000 516.0809 0.9844

244.4814 0.6116 4.9894 0.0095399.7273 524.2386

923.9659

KeluarF27 F28


3.0099 0.0060 0.1584 0.0060

490.2769 0.9844 25.8040 0.9844

4.7399 0.0095 0.2495 0.0095498.0267 26.2119

524.2386

KeluarF29

kg/jam fraksi

0.1584 0.0060

25.8040 0.9844

0.2495 0.009526.2119

bukti

290.0000 gr NaClliter 1.0000 0.0000 liter campurancm3

liter

untuk 0.0000

Vol. NaCl 0.0000 cm30.0000 liter

Vol.H2O 0.0000 liter

0.0000 cm3massa H2O 0.0000 gr H2O

fraksi NaCl #DIV/0!

cm3

gr H2O

(patent 4448682)

keluar

F6

kg.jam kmol/jam BM981.3691 16.7919 58.4430

0.4908 0.0036 136.1400

0.0140 0.0001 95.2180

0.0800 0.0007 120.3600

2,943.8297 163.4008 18.0160

0.8676 0.0078 110.9900

3.9031 0.0368 105.9900

3.4305 0.0858 39.9970

0.1894 0.0032 58.3270

8.3837 0.0838 100.0900

4.1328 0.0291 142.0400

3,946.6908

3,946.6908

KeluarF8 (kmol/jam)

16.7919

0.0036

0.0001

0.0007

163.4008

0.0078

0.03680.0858

0.0000

0.0000

0.0291180.3567

180.4437

KeluarF11

kg/jam kmol/jam BM0.0000 0.0000 58.4430

0.0000 0.0000 136.1400

0.0773 0.0008 95.2180

0.0000 0.0000 120.3600

12.8696 0.7143 18.0160

1.2677 0.0114 110.9900

0.0000 0.0000 105.9900

0.0000 0.0000 39.9970

0.0000 0.0000 142.040014.2146

3,952.4172

KeluarF14

kg/jam kmol/jam BM0.0000 0.0000 58.4430

73.8394 4.0985 18.0160

3.9031 0.0368 105.99000.0000 0.0000 39.9970

4.7393 0.0334 142.040082.4818

4,020.2464

wi/ ρ0.1162

0.74980.00040.8664

BM58.4430

18.016039.997036.4610

KeluarF19 F20 F21

kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam0.0000 0.0000 9.9552 0.1703 0.0000 0.0000

264.4052 14.6761 2,819.6460 156.5079 1,433.3021 79.55720.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 674.4951 16.8636

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

16.9969 8.4318 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.1247 0.0034 0.0000 0.0000

281.4020 2,829.7259 2,107.79727,134.2944

8,423.6717

BM58.4430

18.016039.9970

70.9040

2.015836.4610



NaCl 97.4600

0.4090

0.0070

0.0400

1.3610

0.7230




Basis 1000 kg/jam NaCl



*Perhitungan air yang ditambahkan:Diketahui:

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

MT -101

F1

F2

F1

F2

F1

F2

Umpan larutan NaCl = 290.0000 gram NaCl

1.0000Densitas :

NaCl = 2.1650

0.9970


= 133.9492

= 0.1339

= 0.8661

= 866.0508

= 863.4527

sehingga :


863.4527 0.74861,153.4527 1.0000

= 1.1535


= 1,000.0000

= 1.0000


KomponenMasuk

F1 (kg/jam)NaCl 974.6000

4.0900

0.0700

0.4000


gr/cm3

H2O = gr/cm3

cm3

dm3 atau liter


liter atau dm3

cm3


2O x volume H

2O

gr H2O

H2O

ρcampuran =

cm3

dm3 atau liter

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

wi

wi

13.6100

7.2300Total 1,000.0000

Umpan yang masuk ke elektrolisis (290 gr/liter):Komponen % kg/jamNaCl 25.1419 974.6000

74.8581 2,901.7964Total 100.0000 3,876.3964


= 2,888.1864 kg/jam


KomponenMasuk


4.0900 0.0000

0.0700 0.0000

0.4000 0.0000

13.6100 2,888.1864

7.2300 0.0000Total 1,000.0000 2,888.1864

2. Reaktor-101 (R-101)

Dimana:F3: Aliran Umpan dari MT-101

F5: Aliran NaOH 50%

Diketahui:

H2O

CaCl2

H2O

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

F4: Aliran Na2CO

3 25%

R -101

F3

F5F4

80.0000

88.0000





==


10.0885 0.0952

30.2655 1.6799Total 40.3540

Na2CO





CaSO4

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4


3)

Na2CO


Na2CO

3yang dipakai 25 %

komposisi Na2CO


Na2CO

3

H2O



0.3247 0.0031Total 0.6493

"menghitung excess yang dibutuhkan"Komposisi aliran masuk umpan

Komponen BM F3

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 974.6000

136.1400 4.0900

95.2180 0.0700

120.3600 0.4000

18.0160 2,901.7964

110.9900 7.2300Total 3,888.1864

= 1.1553

= 1.1553

1.1553

= 1.1553


0.8 gr excess NaOH per 1 liter campuran awal

2,692.4918= 2.6925

H2O

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

ρcampuran =

*Excess Na2CO

3:

maka Na2CO


wi

wi

kg/jam fraksi

2.6925 0.2500

8.0775 0.7500Total 10.7700 1.0000

*Excess NaOH: 1 gr excess NaOH per 1 liter campuran awal

3,365.6148= 3.3656


3.3656 0.5000Total 6.7312 1.0000


Komponen F3

kg/jam kmol/jam

NaCl 974.6000 16.6761

4.0900 0.0300

0.0700 0.0007

0.4000 0.0033

2,901.7964 161.0677

7.2300 0.0651

0.0000 0.0000

NaOH 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

Total3,888.1864

3,946.6910

3,966.1660

3. Sand Filter-101 (SF-101)

Komposisi ExcessNa

2CO

3

H2O


Komposisi Excess

H2O

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Dimana:F6: Aliran Umpan dari R-101F7: Aliran endapan yang tersaring




0.4908 0.0000

0.0140 0.0000

0.0800 0.0000

2,943.8297 0.0000

0.8676 0.0000

3.9031 0.0000NaOH 3.4305 0.0000

0.1894 0.1894

8.3837 8.3837

4.1328 0.0000

Total3,946.6908 8.5731

3,946.6908

Dimana:

F8: Aliran produk (over flow) yang keluar dari SF-101

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

4. Cation Exchanger-101 (CE-101)

SF-101

F6

F8

CE-101

F8

F11

F10

F8: Aliran Umpan dari SF-101F9: Aliran keluar larutan garam menuju AE-101


+



+



+



+


Total : +



CaSO4

CaSO4


MgCl2

MgCl2


MgSO4

MgSO4


CaCl2

CaCl2

mula2 0.0078reaksi 0.0078sisa 0.0000




12.8696 0.9000Total 14.2995 1.0000



NaCl 981.3691 16.7919

0.4908 0.0036

0.0140 0.0001

0.0800 0.0007

2,943.8297 163.4008

0.8676 0.0078

3.9031 0.0368NaOH 3.4305 0.0858

4.1328 0.0291

Total3,938.1177

3,952.4172


H2O

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

5. Anion Exchanger-101 (AE-101)

AE-101

F9

F14

F13

Dimana:F9: Aliran Umpan dari CE-101F12: Aliran keluar larutan garam menuju MT-102


+

regenerasi : +


+

regenerasi : +





73.8394 0.9000Total 82.0438 1.0000



NaCl 982.3000 16.8078



3

Na2CO

3

2R-CO3

Na2CO

3


4

Na2SO

4

2R-SO4

Na2SO

4


H2O

2,943.8297 163.4008

3.9031 0.0368NaOH 3.4305 0.0858

4.7393 0.0334

Total3,938.2026

4,020.2464

6. Tangki Netralisasi (MT-102)

Dimana:F13: Aliran Larutan Garam dari AE-101F15: Aliran HCl 32 % dari Tangki Penyimpanan F16: Aliran Keluar larutan garam dengan pH 3






6.6454 0.68009.7727 1.0000


==


H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

H2O


MT -102

F13

F15

KomponenMasuk


2943.8297 6.6454NaOH 3.4305 0.0000HCl 0.0000 3.1273

Total: 3937.7646 9.77273947.5373

3954.0952


1.1540 kg/liter

3,420.7262 liter


pH = -log[H]+

3 = -log[H]+

3 = -log10-3

[H]+ = 0.0010 M (= mol/ liter)


[H]+ = [HCl] = Mol3,420.7262





HCl 3.2520 0.3200

6.9105 0.680010.1625 1.0000

Neraca massa di MT-102masuk

Komponen F13

H2O

ρcampuran =

Volume campuran =

H2O

kg/jam kmol/jamNaCl 990.5044 16.9482

2,943.8297 163.4008NaOH 3.4305 0.0858HCl 0.0000 0.0000

Total3,937.7646

3,947.9271

7.Reaktor Elektrolisis (RE-201)

Diketahui:

7. Konversi di reaktor = 99 % = (Sumber: Kirk Othmer dan Ulman Tabel 20,hal 65)


NaCl +awal 17.0340Reaksi : 16.8636Setimbang: 0.1703

H2O


2 dan H

2"





2O/kmol Na+



RE -201F16

F18 F19

F20 F21


0.9900 = A16.8636

A = 16.6950= 975.7062



NaOH 39.9970 32

18.0160 68Total 100


Diketahui:


597.8499 kg/jam

2.4040

248.6896

1.2497 m3 = 1,249.6966 liter

1,054.2714 kg/m3


Komponen BM %wt

70.9040 31.2133

18.0160 68.7867Total 100


H2O



massa Cl2 =

ρ Cl2 = kg/m3

Volume Cl2 = m3


2

Volume H2O =

ρ H2O =

massa H2O =

Cl2

H2O


Diketahui:


16.9969 kg/jam

0.0678

250.5434

0.2508 m3 = 250.7942 liter

1,054.2714 kg/m3

264.4052 kg/jamsehingga:

Komponen BM %wt

2.0158 6.0401

18.0160 93.9599Total 100


-


- Air di katoda =

- Air di Anoda =



H2 yang dihasilkan:

massa H2 =

ρ H2 = kg/m3

Volume H2 = m3


2

Volume H2O =

ρ H2O =

massa H2O =

H2

H2O






18.0160 156.5079HCl 36.4610 0.0034Total 156.6816425996


18.0160 176.8652Total 176.8652

Neraca massa di RE-201masuk


NaCl 995.5170 17.0340

2,952.2854 163.8702NaOH 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000HCl 0.1247 0.0034

Total3,947.9272

7,134.32988,423.6717

8.Evaporator (EV-301)Fungsi: memekatkan larutan NaOH 32% dengan cara menguapkan airnya.

Dimana:F21: Aliran Larutan NaOH 32% dari RE-201

F23: Aliran Keluar larutan NaOH dari EV-301

H2O


H2O

H2O

Cl2

H2


EV-301F21

F22

F23

Diketahui:Umpan yang masuk ke evaporatorKomponen %wtNaOH 876.1566 0.3335

1,750.8789 0.6665Total 2,627.0355 1.0000



0.3335

0.7300


2,627.0355


= 1,426.8210

Neraca massa di EV-301Masuk


NaOH 876.1566 0.3335153352

1,750.8789 0.6664846648

Total2,627.0355

kg/jam (F21+recycle)

H2O


F21 . X21

X21

=

X23

=

H2O

9. Crystallizer (CR-301)

CR-301F23

Dimana:F23: Aliran Keluar larutan NaOH dari EV-301

Asumsi-asumsi:


Diketahui:

Komponen kg/jam %wtNaOH 876.1566 0.7300

324.0579 0.2700Total 1,200.2146 1.0000


Fase

0 42

10 51.5

20 109

30 119

40 129

50 145

60 174708090 313 NaOH100 347 NaOH




Dimana:




H2O


2O)

NaOH.4H

2O

NaOH . 3 1/2

H2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O


CR-301F23

3

31 CR

CC


0.5633

58.01339.9970

R = 1.4504maka:

0.635063.5001


per 100

* Jumlah air yang pada larutan (umpan) = 324.0579 NaOH yang Larut = 205.7771

* NaOH yang tidak larut (yang menjadi kristal) = NaOH pada larutan induk - NaOH yang larut= 670.3796


F = S + C S = F - C = 529.8350

S terdiri dari: NaOHnk = 205.7771 kg/jam

324.0579 kg/jam




A)

90 oC

C3 =

BM hydrate (NaOH.1H

2O) =



1 =


90 oC


S = mother liquor

H2O =



876.1566 0.7300

0.0000 0.0000

324.0579 0.2700Total 1,200.2146

Dimana:


F24 = F25 + F26

asumsi: Larutan yang terikut padatan = 2

Aliran F26

670.3796 kg/jam

4.1155 kg/jam

6.4812 kg/jam

Neraca Massa CF-301Masuk

Komponen F24

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

10. Centrifuse (CF-301)Fungsi : memisahkan kristal NaOH dari mother liquor


F26: Aliran keluar mother liquor (recycle ke EV-301)




* NaOH kristal =

NaOH non kristal =

H2O =

CF-301F24

F25

kg/jam fraksi

205.7771 0.1715

670.3796 0.5585

324.0579 0.2700Total 1,200.2146

Dimana:


5.0000

F26 = F27 + F28

* Produk yang tidak tersaring (F28):

0.2058 kg/jam

33.5190 kg/jam

0.3241 kg/jam



4.1155 0.0060

670.3796 0.9844

6.4812 0.0095Total 680.9763

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

11. Screener (SC-301)

F26: Aliran umpan masuk screener


Produk yang tak tersaring (oversize) = Neraca massa di screener:

NaOHnon kristal =

NaOH kristal =

H2O =

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

SC-301F26

F27

Dimana:



0.2058 0.0060

33.5190 0.9844

0.3241 0.0095Total 34.0488


Dimana: Kapasitas Poduk (spesifik) = 50000= 6,313.1313

massa produk perjam dengan basis = 680.9763

maka:9.2707


12. Hammer mill (HM-301)


NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O



HM-301F28




136.1400

95.2180

120.3600

18.0160

110.9900

39.9970

105.9900

58.3270

100.0900

142.0400HCl 36.4610

70.9040

2.0158

= 1,000.0000



CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

NaOHNa

2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Cl2

H2

MT -101 F3

untuk 280.0000

Vol. NaCl 129.33030.1293

0.8707

870.6697

868.0577fraksi NaCl 0.2439

wi / ρ 2.1650 0.1161

0.9970 0.75080.8670


Vol.H2O

massa H2O

ρ(gr/cm3)

gr/cm3


F3 (kg/jam) F13 (fraksi) F1 (kmol/jam)974.6000 0.2507 16.6761

4.0900 0.0011 0.0300

0.0700 0.0000 0.0007

0.4000 0.0001 0.0033

2,901.7964 0.7463 161.0677

7.2300 0.0019 0.06513,888.1864 1.0000 177.8431



R -101 F6

% 0.8000

% 0.8800(Sumber: Patent 4448682)

+0.03000.0264 0.02640.0036 0.0264

0.06510.0573 0.05730.0078 0.0573

2NaOH +0.00150.0012 0.00060.0003 0.0006

2NaOH +0.00660.0053 0.00270.0013 0.0027


fraksi

0.2500

0.75001.0000

Na2CO

3CaCO

3

Na2CO

3CaCO

3

Mg(OH)2

Mg(OH)2


fraksi0.5000

0.50001.0000

wi / ρ kmol/jam wi16.6761 0.2507 2.165 0.11578

0.0300 0.0011 2.96 0.00036

0.0007 0.0000 2.32 0.00001

0.0033 0.0001 2.66 0.00004

161.0677 0.7463 0.997 0.74856

0.0651 0.0019 2.15 0.000861.0000 0.86560

≈ x=?3,365.6148 liter

grkg

ρ(gr/cm3)

g/cm3

kg/dm3

g/cm3

kg/dm3

≈ x=?3,365.6148 liter

grkg

Masuk

F4 F5


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

38.3430 2.1283 3.6903 0.2048

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

12.7810 0.1206 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 3.6903 0.0923

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

51.1240 7.3805

Keluar Generasi Konsumsi AccF8 (kg/jam) (kg/jam) (kg/jam)

981.3691 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.4908 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0140 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

2,943.8297 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.8676 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

3.9031 0.0000 0.0000 0.00003.4305 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.1328 0.0000 0.0000 0.00003,938.1177

3,946.6908

SF-101 F7

CE-101 F9

2R-Ca +

2NaCl +

2NaCl +0.00720.0072 0.00360.0000 0.0036

2R-Mg +

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.00030.0003 0.00030.0000 0.0003

2R-Mg +

2NaCl +

2NaCl +0.00130.0013 0.00070.0000 0.0007

2R-Ca +

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +


2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

Na2SO

4

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

Na2SO

4

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

0.01560.0156 0.01560.0000 0.0156

kmol/jamkg/jam

kmol/jam0.0245

0.7143

masukGenerasi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0773 0.0008

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

12.8696 0.7143 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 1.2677 0.0114

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.6065 0.004314.2995 2.8824

3,952.4172

AE-101 F12

+

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.07370.0737 0.07370.0000 0.0737

+

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.06670.0667 0.06670.0000 0.0667

kmol/jamkg/jam

kmol/jam0.1404

4.0985

masukGenerasi



2(R-Cl-) 2R-CO3

2(R-Cl-)

2(R-Cl+) 2R-SO4

2(R-Cl+)

73.8394 4.0985 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 3.9031 0.03680.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 4.7393 0.033482.0438 16.8468

4,020.2464

HCl NaCl +0.08580.0858 0.08580.0000 0.0858





MT -102 F16

Generasi Konsumsi Setelah netralisasi(kg/jam) (kg/jam) (kg/jam) wi5.0127 0.0000 995.5170 0.2522

1.5452 0.0000 2952.0204 0.74780.0000 3.4305 0.0000 0.00000.0000 3.1273 0.0000 0.00006.5579 6.558 3947.5374 1.0000

3954.0952 3954.0952


masukGenerasi

F15

kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam0.0000 0.0000 5.0127 0.0858

6.9105 0.3836 1.5452 0.08580.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00003.2520 0.0892 0.0000 0.000010.1625 6.5579

3,947.9271

0.99

NaOH +176.865216.8636 16.8636

160.0015 16.8636


H2O

RE -201 F17


kmol/jam kg/jam16.8636 674.4951

79.5572 1,433.30212,107.7972

kmol/jam kg/jam

8.4318 597.8499

73.1305 1,317.51941,915.3693



kmol/jam kg/jam

8.4318 16.9969

14.6761 264.4052281.4020

= 3.9000 x 16.8636

= 65.7682

= 1,184.8800

176.8652

156.5079

00.0000 = 0

kg/jam % wt9.9552 0.3518



3,9 kmol H2O

kmol Na+

kmol H2O

kg H2O


kmol H2O

Air ke Cl2+air didepleted brine-yang pindah ke katoda

kmol H2O

+ NaOH) + 0 - Reaksi =

2,819.6460 99.64380.1247 0.0044

2,829.7259 100.0000

kg/jam % wt

3,186.4027 100.00003,186.4027 100.0000

masukGenerasi


3,186.4027 176.8652 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 674.4951 16.8636

0.0000 0.0000 597.8499 8.4318

0.0000 0.0000 16.9969 8.43180.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

3,186.4027 1,289.34187,134.3298

8,423.6717

EV-301

komponenNaOH 155.2459

244.4814399.7273

= F22 + F23

= +

x 0.3335 = F22. (0)876.1566 = 0.7300

F23 = 1200.2146

kg/jam

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000

*aliran recycle:Umpan Recycle mula"

H2O

F22 . X22

F23 . X23

CR-301 F24

BM39.9970

18.0160

/ 100



kg H2O


CR-301

kg NaOH

kg NaOH

kg NaOH


kg/jam


kg H2O

kg H2O

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 0.0000 205.7771 0.6350

670.3796 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 324.0579 1.0000670.3796 529.8350


%

Generasi Konsumsi



CF-301 F26


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000


% (sumber: Perry's )

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000


SC-301 F28

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0060 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0060 0.0000





HM-301 F29



gr/l untuk 305.0000

Vol. NaCl 140.8776liter 0.1409

liter 0.8591

859.1224

856.5450fraksi NaCl 0.2626

cm3

Vol.H2O

cm3

gr H2O massa H

2O


0.0000 16.6761

0.0000 0.0300

0.0000 0.0007

0.0000 0.0033

160.3123 161.0677

0.0000 0.0651160.3123 177.8431

0.02640.0264

2NaCl

0.11460.1146

2NaCl

0.00120.0012

0.00270.0027

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

Generasi Konsumsi


6.7691 0.1158 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 3.5992 0.0264

0.0000 0.0000 0.0560 0.0006

0.0000 0.0000 0.3200 0.0027

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 6.3624 0.0573

0.0000 0.0000 8.8779 0.0838

0.0000 0.0000 0.2597 0.0065

0.1894 0.0032 0.0000 0.0000

8.3837 0.0838 0.0000 0.0000

4.1328 0.0291 0.0000 0.0000

19.4750 19.4752

19.4750 19.4752

3,966.1660

Neraca mol

BMMasuk Keluar


136.1400 0.0036 0.0000

95.2180 0.0001 0.0000

120.3600 0.0007 0.0000

18.0160 163.4008 0.0000

110.9900 0.0078 0.0000

105.9900 0.0368 0.000039.9970 0.0858 0.0000

58.3270 0.0032 0.0032

100.0900 0.0838 0.0838

142.0400 0.0291 0.0000180.4437 0.0870

180.4437

0.00360.0036

2NaCl

0.00010.0001

0.00070.0007

2NaCl

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

Na2SO

4

MgCl2

MgCl2

CaCl2

CaCl2

0.00780.0078

KonsumsiKeluar


0.4908 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000

0.0140 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

0.0800 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 2,943.8297 163.4008

0.8676 0.0078 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 3.9031 0.03680.0000 0.0000 3.4305 0.0858

0.0000 0.0000 4.7393 0.03342.8824 3,938.2026

3,952.4172

2NaCl

0.03680.0368

2NaCl

0.03340.0334

KonsumsiKeluar


Na2CO

3

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

0.0000 0.0000 2,943.8297 163.4008

3.9031 0.0368 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 3.4305 0.0858

4.7393 0.0334 0.0000 0.000016.8468 3,937.7646

4,020.2464

0.08580.0858

H2O


2.1650 0.1165

0.9970 0.7501

0.8665


NaCl 990.5044 0.2515 2.1650

2,943.8297 0.7476 0.9970NaOH 3.4305 0.0009 2.1300

3,937.7646 1.0000

1.1542 kg/liter

3411.8061 liter

0.00003 M (= mol/liter)

= 4.5229


= 14 - p OHpH = 9.4771

KonsumsiKeluar

F16

ρ (kg/liter)

ρ (kg/liter)

H2O

ρcampuran =

Volume campuran =

[OH-] = [NaOH]=

p OH = -log[OH-]

kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam0.0000 0.0000 995.5170 17.0340

0.0000 0.0000 2,952.2854 163.87023.4305 0.0858 0.0000 0.00003.1273 0.0858 0.1247 0.00346.5578 3,947.9272

3,947.9272

+

8.4318 8.43188.4318 8.4318

1/2 Cl2

1/2 H2

176.8652

KonsumsiKeluar


985.5619 16.8636 0.0000 0.0000

303.8154 16.8636 1,317.5194 73.13050.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 597.8499 8.4318

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

1,289.3773 1,915.36937,134.2944

8,423.6717

1.2990F26

201.6615 201.6615

317.5768 317.5768519.2383 519.2383

0.0000

+ F23 x 0.7300F23kg/jam

KeluarF22 F23


1,426.8210 1.0000 324.0579 0.27001,426.8210 1,200.2146

2,627.0355

pengali recycle: Recycle akhir

Delta recycle:

KeluarF24 (S+C)

kg/jam fraksi

205.7771 0.1715

670.3796 0.5585

324.0579 0.27001,200.2146


KeluarF25 F26


201.6615 0.3884 4.1155 0.0060

0.0000 0.0000 670.3796 0.9844

317.5768 0.6116 6.4812 0.0095519.2383 680.9763

1,200.2146

KeluarF27 F28


3.9098 0.0060 0.2058 0.0060

636.8606 0.9844 33.5190 0.9844

6.1571 0.0095 0.3241 0.0095646.9275 34.0488

680.9763

KeluarF29

kg/jam fraksi

0.2058 0.0060

33.5190 0.9844

0.3241 0.009534.0488

bukti

290.0000 0.0000 gr NaClliter 1.0000 0.0000 liter campuran

liter

untuk 0.0000



0.0000 cm3massa H2O 0.0000 gr H2O

fraksi NaCl #DIV/0!

cm3

cm3

gr H2O

(patent 4448682)

keluar

F6

kg.jam kmol/jam BM981.3691 16.7919 58.4430

0.4908 0.0036 136.1400

0.0140 0.0001 95.2180

0.0800 0.0007 120.3600

2,943.8297 163.4008 18.0160

0.8676 0.0078 110.9900

3.9031 0.0368 105.9900

3.4305 0.0858 39.9970

0.1894 0.0032 58.3270

8.3837 0.0838 100.0900

4.1328 0.0291 142.0400

3,946.6908

3,946.6908

KeluarF8 (kmol/jam)

16.7919

0.0036

0.0001

0.0007

163.4008

0.0078

0.03680.0858

0.0000

0.0000

0.0291180.3567

180.4437

KeluarF11

kg/jam kmol/jam BM0.0000 0.0000 58.4430

0.0000 0.0000 136.1400

0.0773 0.0008 95.2180

0.0000 0.0000 120.3600

12.8696 0.7143 18.0160

1.2677 0.0114 110.9900

0.0000 0.0000 105.99000.0000 0.0000 39.9970

0.0000 0.0000 142.040014.2146

3,952.4172

KeluarF14

kg/jam kmol/jam BM0.0000 0.0000 58.4430

73.8394 4.0985 18.0160

3.9031 0.0368 105.99000.0000 0.0000 39.9970

4.7393 0.0334 142.040082.4818

4,020.2464

wi/ ρ0.1162

0.74980.00040.8664

BM58.4430

18.016039.997036.4610

KeluarF19 F20 F21

kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam0.0000 0.0000 9.9552 0.1703 0.0000 0.0000

264.4052 14.6761 2,819.6460 156.5079 1,433.3021 79.55720.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 674.4951 16.8636

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

16.9969 8.4318 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.1247 0.0034 0.0000 0.0000

281.4020 2,829.7259 2,107.79727,134.2944

8,423.6717

BM58.4430

18.016039.9970

70.9040

2.015836.4610



NaCl 97.4600

0.4090

0.0070

0.0400

1.3610

0.7230




Basis: kg/jam NaCl



*Perhitungan air yang ditambahkan:Diketahui:Umpan larutan NaCl = 290.0000 gram NaCl

1.0000Densitas :

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2


M-120

F1

F2

F1

F2

F1

F2

NaCl = 2.1650

0.9970


= 133.9492

= 0.1339

= 0.8661

= 866.0508

= 863.4527

sehingga :


863.4527 0.74861,153.4527 1.0000

= 1.1535


= 1,000.0000

= 1.0000


KomponenMasuk

F1 (kg/jam)NaCl 9,035.2308

37.9172

0.6489

3.7083

126.1743

67.0272Total 9,270.7067

Umpan yang masuk ke elektrolisis (290 gr/liter):Komponen % kg/jam

gr/cm3

H2O = gr/cm3

cm3

dm3 atau liter


liter atau dm3

cm3


2O x volume H

2O

gr H2O

H2O

ρcampuran =

cm3

dm3 atau liter

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

wi

wi

NaCl 25.1419 9,035.2308

74.8581 26,901.7034Total 100.0000 35,936.9342


= 26,775.5291 kg/jam


KomponenMasuk

F1 (kg/jam) F2 (kg/jam)NaCl 9,035.2308 0.0000

37.9172 0.0000

0.6489 0.0000

3.7083 0.0000

126.1743 26,775.5291

67.0272 0.0000Total 9,270.7067 26,775.5291

2. Tangki Pereaksi-130 (M-130)

Dimana:F3: Aliran Umpan dari M-120

F6: Aliran NaOH 50%

Diketahui:

80.0000

88.0000

reaksi 1 +

H2O

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

F5: Aliran Na2CO

3 25%

Na2CO





CaSO4

M-130

F4

F6F5

mula2 0.2785reaksi 0.2451sisa 0.0334




==


93.5276 0.8824

280.5829 15.5741Total 374.1105



3.0098 0.0284Total 6.0196

"menghitung excess yang dibutuhkan"

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4


3)

Na2CO


Na2CO

3yang dipakai 25 %

komposisi Na2CO


Na2CO

3

H2O

H2O

Komposisi aliran masuk umpan

Komponen BM F3

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272Total 36,046.2358

= 1.1553

= 1.1553

1.1553

= 1.1553


0.8000 gr excess NaOH per 1.0000 liter campuran awal

24,961.3018= 24.9613

kg/jam fraksi

24.9613 0.2500

74.8839 0.7500Total 99.8452 1.0000

*Excess NaOH: 1.0000 gr excess NaOH per 1.0000 liter campuran awal

31,201.6273= 31.2016


31.2016 0.5000Total 62.4033 1.0000

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

ρcampuran =

*Excess Na2CO

3:

maka Na2CO


Komposisi ExcessNa

2CO

3

H2O


Komposisi Excess

H2O

wi

wi


Komponen F3

kg/jam kmol/jam

NaCl 9,035.2308 154.5990

37.9172 0.2785

0.6489 0.0068

3.7083 0.0308

26,901.7034 1,493.2118

67.0272 0.6039

0.0000 0.0000

NaOH 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

Total36,046.2358

36,588.6144

36,769.1616

3. Sand Filter-140 (H-140)

Dimana:F7: Aliran Umpan dari M-130F9: Aliran endapan yang tersaring




4.5501 0.0000

0.1298 0.0000

0.7417 0.0000

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

F8: Aliran produk (over flow) yang keluar dari sand filter

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H-140

F7

F9

27,291.3816 0.0000

8.0433 0.0000

36.1846 0.0000NaOH 31.8036 0.0000

1.7557 1.7557

77.7228 77.7228

38.3142 0.0000

Total36,588.6126 79.4784

36,588.6126

Dimana:F8: Aliran Umpan dari Sand FilterF10: Aliran keluar larutan garam menuju AE-101


+



+


Total : +

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

4. Cation Exchanger-150 (D-150)



CaSO4

CaSO4


MgCl2

MgCl2

D-150

F8

F12

F11

mula2 0.0014reaksi 0.0014sisa 0.0000

+



+






119.3100 0.9000Total 132.5667 1.0000



NaCl 9,097.9853 155.6728

4.5501 0.0334

0.1298 0.0014

0.7417 0.0062

27,291.3816 1,514.8413

8.0433 0.0725

36.1846 0.3414


MgSO4

MgSO4


CaCl2

CaCl2


H2O

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

NaOH 31.8036 0.7951

38.3142 0.2697

Total36,509.1342

36,641.700936,668.4225

Dimana:F10: Aliran Umpan dari Cation ExchangerF13: Aliran keluar larutan garam menuju M-170


+

regenerasi : +


+

regenerasi : +


Total NaCl yang dibutuhkan = 1.3014

Na2SO

4

5. Anion Exchanger-160 (D-160)

F14: Aliran masuk regenerant NaCl 10%F15: Aliran keluar waste regenerant (hasil regenerasi sedangkan resin masih dipakai lagi)


3

Na2CO

3

2R-CO3

Na2CO

3


4

Na2SO

4

2R-SO4

Na2SO

4

D-160

F10

F15

F14

= 76.0604NaCl yang digunakan sebagai regenerant adalah NaCl 10%


684.5433 0.9000Total 760.6036 1.0000



NaCl 9,106.6152 155.8205

27,291.3816 1,514.8413

36.1846 0.3414NaOH 31.8036 0.7951

43.9367 0.3093

Total36,509.9217

37,270.525437,426.7070

6. Tangki Pengasaman (M70)

Dimana:F13: Aliran Larutan Garam dari Anion ExchangerF16: Aliran HCl 32 % dari Tangki Penyimpanan F17: Aliran Keluar larutan garam dengan pH 3






H2O

H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

M-170

F13

F16


61.6079 0.680090.5998 1.0000


==


KomponenMasuk


27,291.3816 61.6079NaOH 31.8036 0.0000HCl 0.0000 28.9919

Total: 36,505.8608 90.599836,596.4606

36,657.2569


1.1540 kg/liter

31,712.5491 liter


pH = -log[H]+

3.0000 = -log[H]+

3.0000 = -log10-3

[H]+ = 0.0010 M (= mol/ liter)


[H]+ = [HCl] = Mol31,712.5491





H2O


H2O

ρcampuran =

Volume campuran =

HCl 30.1482 0.3200

64.0649 0.680094.2132 1.0000

Neraca massa di M-170masuk


NaCl 9,182.6756 157.1219

27,291.3816 1,514.8413NaOH 31.8036 0.7951HCl 0.0000 0.0000

Total36,505.8608

36,600.0740

7.Reaktor Elektrolisis (R-210)

Diketahui:

7. Konversi di reaktor = 99.0000 % = (Sumber: Kirk Othmer dan Ulman Tabel 20,hal 65)


NaCl +

H2O

H2O


2 dan H

2"





2O/kmol Na+



R-210F18

F20 F21

F22 F23

awal 157.9171Reaksi : 156.3379Setimbang: 1.5792


0.9900 = A157.9171

A = 156.3379= 9,136.8550



NaOH 39.9970 32.0000

18.0160 68.0000Total 100.0000


Diketahui:


5,542.4907 kg/jam

2.4040

2,305.5286

11.5856 m3 = 11,585.5707 liter

1,054.2714 kg/m3


Komponen BM %wt

70.9040 31.2133

18.0160 68.7867Total 100.0000


H2O



massa Cl2 =

ρ Cl2 = kg/m3

Volume Cl2 = m3


2

Volume H2O =

ρ H2O =

massa H2O =

Cl2

H2O

Diketahui:


157.5730 kg/jam

0.0678

2,322.7145

2.3250 m3 = 2,325.0396 liter

1,054.2714 kg/m3


Komponen BM %wt

2.0158 6.0401

18.0160 93.9599Total 100.0000


-


- Air di katoda =

- Air di Anoda =



18.0160 1,450.9387HCl 36.4610 0.0317


H2 yang dihasilkan:

massa H2 =

ρ H2 = kg/m3

Volume H2 = m3


2

Volume H2O =

ρ H2O =

massa H2O =

H2

H2O






H2O

Total 1,452.5496


18.0160 1,639.6650Total 1,639.6650

Neraca massa di R-210masuk


NaCl 9,229.1465 157.9171

27,369.7720 1,519.1925NaOH 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000HCl 1.1563 0.0317

Total36,600.0748

66,140.279478,093.3895

8.Evaporator (V-310 dan 313)Fungsi: memekatkan larutan NaOH 32% dengan cara menguapkan airnya.

Dimana:F23: Aliran Larutan NaOH 32% dari R-210

F27: Aliran Keluar larutan NaOH dari EV-313 (effek 2)

Diketahui:Umpan yang masuk ke evaporatorKomponen %wtNaOH 8,122.5912 0.3335

16,231.8847 0.6665


H2O

H2O

Cl2

H2


kg/jam (F21+recycle)

H2O

V-310 dan 313 F23

F26

F27

Total 24,354.4759 1.0000



0.3335

0.7300


24,354.4759


= 13,227.6387

Neraca massa di EvaporatorMasuk


NaOH 8,122.5912 0.3335

16,231.8847 0.6665

Total24,354.4759

Dimana:F27: Aliran Keluar larutan NaOH dari Evaporator effek 2 (EV-313)

Asumsi-asumsi:



F23 . X23

X21

=

X23

=

H2O

9. Crystallizer (D-320)



D-320F27

Diketahui:

Komponen kg/jam %wtNaOH 8,122.5912 0.7300

3,004.2461 0.2700Total 11,126.8373 1.0000


Fase

0.0000 42.0000

10.0000 51.5000

20.0000 109.0000

30.0000 119.0000

40.0000 129.0000

50.0000 145.0000

60.0000 174.000070.000080.000090.0000 313.0000 NaOH100.0000 347.0000 NaOH




Dimana:


0.5633

58.013039.9970

R = 1.4504maka:


H2O


2O)

NaOH.4H

2O

NaOH . 3 1/2

H2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

NaOH.1H

2O

Data kelarutan yang didapat, masih merupakan data kelarutan NaOH dalam bentuk hydrate




A)

40 oC

C3 =

BM hydrate (NaOH.1H

2O) =


3

31 CR

CC

0.635063.5001


per 100.0000

* Jumlah air yang pada larutan (umpan) = 3,004.2461 NaOH yang Larut = 1,907.6988

* NaOH yang tidak larut (yang menjadi kristal) = NaOH pada larutan induk - NaOH yang larut= 6,214.8924


F = S + C S = F - C = 4,911.9448

S terdiri dari: NaOHnk = 1,907.6988 kg/jam

3,004.2461 kg/jam



8,122.5912 0.7300

0.0000 0.0000

3,004.2461 0.2700Total 11,126.8373


1 =


40 oC


S = mother liquor

H2O =

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

10. Centrifuse (H-330)

Dimana:


F28 = F29 + F30

asumsi: Larutan yang terikut padatan = 2.0000

Aliran F26

6,214.8924 kg/jam

38.1540 kg/jam

60.0849 kg/jam

Neraca Massa D-330Masuk


1,907.6988 0.1715

6,214.8924 0.5585

3,004.2461 0.2700Total 11,126.8373

Masuk

Fungsi : memisahkan kristal NaOH dari mother liquor


F30: Aliran keluar mother liquor (recycle ke Evaporator effek 1)




* NaOH kristal =

NaOH non kristal =

H2O =

NaOHnon kristal

NaOH kristal

H2O

11. Mix Point-215

H-330F28

F30

MP-215F23

F32

Komponen Aliran 23 (kg/jam) Aliran 32 (kg/jam)NaOHnk 6,253.0464 1,869.5448H2O 13,287.7236 2,944.1611Total 19,540.7700 4,813.7059


Dimana: Kapasitas Poduk (spesifik) = 50,000.0000= 6,313.1313

massa produk perjam dengan basis = 6,313.1313

maka:1.0000






Neraca Massa Over all:

komponenMassa masuk massa tergenerasi

kg/jam kg/jamNaCl 63874.1865 193.9157CaSO4 84.9345 0.0000MgCl2 1.5575 0.7165MgSO4 8.8999 0.0000H2O 243376.8834 14.3254CaCl2 #VALUE! 0.0000NaOH #VALUE! 39.9970Na2CO3 #VALUE! 2NaClMg(OH)2 0.0000 0.0000CaCO3 0.0000 0.0000Na2SO4 0.0000 0.0000H2SO4 0.3093 0.1449HCl #VALUE! 0.1449Cl2 0.0000 0.0000H2 9229.1465 0.0000Total #VALUE! 249.2445

#VALUE!

InKomponen F1 F2NaCl 9,035.2308CaSO4 37.9172MgCl2 0.6489

MgSO4 3.7083H2O 126.1743 26,775.5291CaCl2 67.0272NaOHNa2CO3HCl

9,270.7067 26,775.5291

67,116.2026

F9 F12NaCl 0.0000 0.0000CaSO4 0.0000 0.0000MgCl2 0.0000 0.7165MgSO4 0.0000 0.0000H2O 0.0000 119.3100CaCl2 0.0000 11.7528NaOH 0.0000Na2CO3 0.0000Mg(OH)2 1.7557CaCO3 77.7228Na2SO4 0.0000Cl2H2

79.4784 131.7793

67,115.8734

Generasi gen1 konsumsiNaCl 193.9157 9,259.5392CaSO4 0.0000 4.5501MgCl2 0.7165 0.6489MgSO4 0.0000 3.7083H2O 14.3254 2,816.5833CaCl2 11.7528 58.9839NaOH 6,253.0464 31.8036Na2CO3 36.1846 118.4889

Mg(OH)2 1.7557 0.0000CaCO3 77.7228 0.0000Na2SO4 43.9367 43.9367Cl2 5,542.4907 0.0000H2 157.5730 0.0000HCl 28.9919

12,333.4202 12,367.2349

79,449.6228 79,483.1083

InF1 F2

NaCl 9,035.2308 0.0000CaSO4 37.9172 0.0000MgCl2 0.6489 0.0000MgSO4 3.7083 0.0000H2O 126.1743 26,775.5291CaCl2 67.0272 0.0000Na2CO3NaOHMg(OH)2CaCO3Na2SO4HClCl2H2

9,270.7067 26,775.529167,116.2026

OutF9 F12

NaCl 0.0000 0.0000CaSO4 0.0000 0.0000MgCl2 0.0000 0.7165MgSO4 0.0000 0.0000H2O 0.0000 119.3100CaCl2 0.0000 11.7528Na2CO3 0.0000NaOH 0.0000Mg(OH)2 1.7557CaCO3 77.7228Na2SO4 0.0000HClCl2H2

79.4784 131.7793


136.1400

95.2180

120.3600

18.0160

110.9900

39.9970

105.9900

58.3270

100.0900

142.0400HCl 36.4610

70.9040

2.0158

= 9,270.7067 kg/jam



untuk 280.0000

Vol. NaCl 129.33030.1293

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

NaOHNa

2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Cl2

H2


M-120 F3

0.8707

870.6697

868.0577fraksi NaCl 0.2439

wi / ρ 2.1650 0.1161

0.9970 0.75080.8670

Vol.H2O

massa H2O

ρ(gr/cm3)

gr/cm3


F3 (kg/jam) F13 (fraksi) F1 (kmol/jam)9,035.2308 0.2507 154.5990

37.9172 0.0011 0.2785

0.6489 0.0000 0.0068

3.7083 0.0001 0.0308

26,901.7034 0.7463 7.0035

67.0272 0.0019 0.603936,046.2358 1.0000 162.5225

% 0.8000

% 0.8800(Sumber: Patent 4448682)

+



Na2CO

3CaCO

3

M-130 F7

0.27850.2451 0.24510.0334 0.2451

0.60390.5314 0.53140.0725 0.5314

2NaOH +0.01360.0109 0.00550.0027 0.0055

2NaOH +0.06160.0493 0.02460.0123 0.0246


fraksi

0.2500

0.75001.0000


fraksi0.5000

0.50001.0000

Na2CO

3CaCO

3

Mg(OH)2

Mg(OH)2

wi / ρ kmol/jam wi154.5990 0.2507 2.1650 0.1158

0.2785 0.0011 2.9600 0.0004

0.0068 0.0000 2.3200 0.0000

0.0308 0.0001 2.6600 0.0000

1,493.2118 0.7463 0.9970 0.7486

0.6039 0.0019 2.1500 0.00091.0000 0.8656

≈ x=?31,201.6273 liter

grkg

≈ x=?31,201.6273 liter

grkg

ρ(gr/cm3)

g/cm3

kg/dm3

g/cm3

kg/dm3

Masuk

F5 F6


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

355.4668 19.7306 34.2114 1.8989

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

118.4889 1.1179 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 34.2114 0.8553

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

473.9557 68.4229

Keluar Generasi Konsumsi AccF8 (kg/jam) (kg/jam) (kg/jam)9,097.9853 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.5501 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.1298 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.7417 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

) yang keluar dari sand filter

H-140 F8

27,291.3816 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

8.0433 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

36.1846 0.0000 0.0000 0.000031.8036 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

38.3142 0.0000 0.0000 0.000036,509.1342

36,588.6126

2R-Ca +

2NaCl +

2NaCl +0.06680.0668 0.03340.0000 0.0334

2R-Mg +

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +


2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

Na2SO

4

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

D-150 F10

0.00270.0027 0.00270.0000 0.0027

2R-Mg +

2NaCl +

2NaCl +0.01230.0123 0.00620.0000 0.0062

2R-Ca +

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.14490.1449 0.14490.0000 0.1449

kmol/jamkg/jam

kmol/jam0.2268

6.6224

masukGenerasi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.7165 0.0075

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

119.3100 6.6224 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 11.7528 0.1059

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

Na2SO

4

2(R-Na+)

2(R-Na+)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 5.6225 0.0396132.5667 26.7217

36,641.7009

+

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.68280.6828 0.68280.0000 0.6828

+

2NaCl +

2NaCl 2NaCl +0.61870.6187 0.61870.0000 0.6187

kmol/jam


2(R-Cl-) 2R-CO3

2(R-Cl-)

2(R-Cl+) 2R-SO4

2(R-Cl+)

D-160 F13

kg/jam

kmol/jam1.3014

37.9964

masukGenerasi


684.5433 37.9964 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 36.1846 0.34140.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 43.9367 0.3093760.6036 156.1817

37,270.5254

HCl NaCl +0.79510.7951 0.79510.0000 0.7951



M-170 F17



Generasi Konsumsi Setelah netralisasi(kg/jam) (kg/jam) (kg/jam) wi46.4709 0.0000 9,229.1465 0.2522

14.3254 0.0000 27,367.3149 0.74780.0000 31.8036 0.0000 0.00000.0000 28.9919 0.0000 0.000060.7963 60.7955 36,596.4614 1.0000

36,657.2569 36,657.2569


masukGenerasi


64.0649 3.5560 14.3254 0.79510.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000030.1482 0.8269 0.0000 0.000094.2132 60.7963

36,600.074036,660.8703

0.9900

NaOH +


H2O

R-210 F19

1,639.6650156.3379 156.3379

1,483.3271 156.3379


kmol/jam kg/jam156.3379 6,253.0464

737.5513 13,287.723619,540.7700

kmol/jam kg/jam

78.1689 5,542.4907

677.9716 12,214.335917,756.8266

(ρ pada T=102,5767 oC dan 1atm)


kmol/jam kg/jam

78.1689 157.5730

136.0581 2,451.2227214.2270 2,608.7957

= 3.9000 x 156.3379

= 609.7178

= 10,984.6750

1,639.6650

1,450.9387

0.00000.0000 = 0.0000

kg/jam % wt92.2915 0.3518

26,140.1111 99.64381.1563 0.0044



3,9 kmol H2O

kmol Na+

kmol H2O

kg H2O


kmol H2O

Air ke Cl2+air didepleted brine-yang pindah dari katoda

kmol H2O

+ NaOH) + 0 - Reaksi =

26,233.5589 100.0000

kg/jam % wt

29,540.2047 100.000029,540.2047 100.0000

masukGenerasi


29,540.2047 1,639.6650 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 6,253.0464 156.3379

0.0000 0.0000 5,542.4907 78.1689

0.0000 0.0000 157.5730 78.16890.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

29,540.2047 11,953.110166,140.2794

78,093.3895

komponen203.0800 NaOH 155.2459

244.4814

*aliran recycle:Umpan Recycle mula"

H2O

V-310 dan 313

399.7273

= F26 + F27

= +

x 0.3335 = F26. (0)8,122.5912 = 0.7300

F23 = 11,126.8373

kg/jam

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000

F27: Aliran Keluar larutan NaOH dari Evaporator effek 2 (EV-313)

F26 . X26

F27 . X27


D-320 F28

BM39.9970

18.0160

/ 100.0000


kg H2O

Data kelarutan yang didapat, masih merupakan data kelarutan NaOH dalam bentuk hydrate

kg NaOH

kg NaOH

kg NaOH


kg/jam

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 #DIV/0! 0.0000 #DIV/0!

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000


kg H2O

kg H2O


%

Generasi Konsumsi


0.0000 #DIV/0! 0.0000 #DIV/0!

0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000

Generasi Konsumsi Keluar


ke Evaporator effek 1)


H-330 F29

MP-215 F24

- - 8,122.5912 0.3335- - 16,231.8847 0.6665- - 24,354.4759 1.0000



End




massa terkonsumsi massa keluar akumulasi massakg/jam kg/jam kg/jam

9226.1721 54841.9302 0.000037.9172 47.0173 0.00000.6489 1.6251 0.00003.7083 5.1916 0.0000

2816.5833 237570.3795 3004.24610.0000 #VALUE! #VALUE!0.0000 0.0000 #VALUE!0.0000 #VALUE! #VALUE!0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.6187 -0.61870.0000 0.0000 0.45430.0000 #REF! #VALUE!

kmol/jam 0.0000 #VALUE!0.0000 0.0000 9229.146512085.0298 #VALUE!

#VALUE!

F5 F6 F11 F1413.2567 76.06040.00000.0000

0.0000355.4668 34.2114 119.3100 684.5433

0.000034.2114 0.0000

118.4889 0.0000

473.9557 68.4229 132.5667 760.6036

F15 F20 F21 F2292.2915

684.5433 12,214.3359 2,451.2227 26,140.1111

36.1846

43.93675,542.4907

157.5730 1.1563

764.6646 17,756.8266 2,608.7957 26,233.5589

F5 F6 F11 F140.0000 0.0000 13.2567 76.06040.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000

355.4668 34.2114 119.3100 684.54330.0000 0.0000

118.4889 0.00000.0000 34.21140.0000 0.00000.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000

473.9557 68.4229 132.5667 760.6036

F15 F20 F21 F220.0000

684.5433

36.1846

43.9367

764.6646



gr/l untuk 305.0000

Vol. NaCl 140.8776liter 0.1409cm3

liter 0.8591

859.1224

856.5450fraksi NaCl 0.2626

Vol.H2O

cm3

gr H2O massa H

2O


0.0000 154.5990

0.0000 0.2785

0.0000 0.0068

0.0000 0.0308

1,486.2083 1,493.2118

0.0000 0.60391,486.2083 1,648.7308

Na2SO

4

0.24510.2451

2NaCl

1.06291.0629

2NaCl

0.01090.0109

0.02460.0246

Na2SO

4

Generasi Konsumsi


62.7546 1.0738 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 33.3671 0.2451

0.0000 0.0000 0.5192 0.0055

0.0000 0.0000 2.9666 0.0246

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 58.9839 0.5314

0.0000 0.0000 82.3043 0.7765

0.0000 0.0000 2.4078 0.0602

1.7557 0.0301 0.0000 0.0000

77.7228 0.7765 0.0000 0.0000

38.3142 0.2697 0.0000 0.0000

180.5472 180.5490

180.5472 180.5490

36,769.1616

Neraca mol

BMMasuk Keluar


136.1400 0.0334 0.0000

95.2180 0.0014 0.0000

120.3600 0.0062 0.0000

18.0160 1,514.8413 0.0000

110.9900 0.0725 0.0000

105.9900 0.3414 0.000039.9970 0.7951 0.0000

58.3270 0.0301 0.0301

100.0900 0.7765 0.7765

142.0400 0.2697 0.00001,672.8405 0.8066

1,672.8405

0.03340.0334

2NaCl

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

0.00140.0014

0.00620.0062

2NaCl

0.07250.0725

KonsumsiKeluar

F10kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam13.2567 0.2268 9,106.6152 155.8205

4.5501 0.0334 0.0000 0.0000

0.1298 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000

0.7417 0.0062 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 27,291.3816 1,514.8413

8.0433 0.0725 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 36.1846 0.3414

Na2SO

4

MgCl2

MgCl2

CaCl2

CaCl2

0.0000 0.0000 31.8036 0.7951

0.0000 0.0000 43.9367 0.309326.7214 36,509.9217

36,641.701136,668.4225

2NaCl

0.34140.3414

2NaCl

0.30930.3093

Na2CO

3

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

KonsumsiKeluar


0.0000 0.0000 27,291.3816 1,514.8413

36.1846 0.3414 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 31.8036 0.7951

43.9367 0.3093 0.0000 0.0000156.1817 36,505.8608

37,270.5254

0.79510.7951

H2O


2.1650 0.1165

0.9970 0.7501

0.8665


NaCl 9,182.6756 0.2515 2.1650

27,291.3816 0.7476 0.9970NaOH 31.8036 0.0009 2.1300

36,505.8608 1.0000

1.1542 kg/liter

31,629.8540 liter

0.00003 M (= mol/liter)

= 4.5229


= 14 - p OHpH = 9.4771

ρ (kg/liter)

ρ (kg/liter)

H2O

ρcampuran =

Volume campuran =

[OH-] = [NaOH]=

p OH = -log[OH-]

KonsumsiKeluar


0.0000 0.0000 27,369.7720 1,519.192531.8036 0.7951 0.0000 0.000028.9919 0.7951 1.1563 0.031760.7955 36,600.0748

36,600.0748

+1/2 Cl2

1/2 H2

78.1689 78.168978.1689 78.1689

0.3649

0.6351

1,639.6650

KonsumsiKeluar


9,136.8550 156.3379 0.0000 0.0000

2,816.5833 156.3379 12,214.3359 677.97160.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 5,542.4907 78.1689

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

11,953.4384 17,756.826666,139.9511

78,093.3895

12.0425F26

1,869.5448 1,869.5448 0.3884

2,944.1611 2,944.1611

pengali recycle: Recycle akhir

4,813.7059 4,813.70590.0000

+ F27 x 0.7300F23kg/jam

KeluarF26 F27

kg/jam fraksi kg/jam fraksi0.0000 0.0000 8,122.5912 0.7300

13,227.6387 1.0000 3,004.2461 0.270013,227.6387 11,126.8373

24,354.4759

Delta recycle:

KeluarF28 (S+C)

kg/jam fraksi

1,907.6988 0.1715 8,122.5912

6,214.8924 0.5585

3,004.2461 0.270011,126.8373


KeluarF30 F29


1,869.5448 0.3884 38.1540 0.0060

0.0000 0.0000 6,214.8924 0.9844

2,944.1611 0.6116 60.0849 0.00954,813.7059 6,313.1313

11,126.8373

F16 F190.0000

64.0649 29,540.2047

30.148294.2132 29,540.2047

F26 F29

13,227.6387 60.0849

6,253.0464

13,227.6387 6,313.1313

F16 F19 GenerasiNaClCaSO4MgCl2MgSO4

64.0649 29,540.2047 H2OCaCl2NaOHNa2CO3Mg(OH)2CaCO3Na2SO4

30.1482 HClCl2H2

94.2132 29,540.2047

F26 F29 KonsumsiNaClCaSO4MgCl2MgSO4H2OCaCl2NaOHNa2CO3Mg(OH)2CaCO3Na2SO4HClCl2H2

bukti

290.0000 0.0000 gr NaClliter 1.0000 0.0000 liter campurancm3

liter

untuk 0.0000



0.0000 cm3massa H2O 0.0000 gr H2O

fraksi NaCl #DIV/0!

cm3

gr H2O

(patent 4448682)

keluar

F7

kg.jam kmol/jam BM9,097.9853 155.6728 58.4430

4.5501 0.0334 136.1400

0.1298 0.0014 95.2180

0.7417 0.0062 120.3600

27,291.3816 1,514.8413 18.0160

8.0433 0.0725 110.9900

36.1846 0.3414 105.9900

31.8036 0.7951 39.9970

1.7557 0.0301 58.3270

77.7228 0.7765 100.0900

38.3142 0.2697 142.0400

36,588.6126

36,588.6126

KeluarF8 (kmol/jam)

155.6728

0.0334

0.0014

0.0062

1,514.8413

0.0725

0.34140.7951

0.0000

0.0000

0.26971,672.0338

1,672.8405

KeluarF12

kg/jam kmol/jam BM0.0000 0.0000 58.4430

0.0000 0.0000 136.1400

0.7165 0.0075 95.2180

0.0000 0.0000 120.3600

119.3100 6.6224 18.0160

11.7528 0.1059 110.9900

0.0000 0.0000 105.9900

0.0000 0.0000 39.9970

0.0000 0.0000 142.0400131.7793

36,641.7011

KeluarF15

kg/jam kmol/jam BM0.0000 0.0000 58.4430

684.5433 37.9964 18.0160

36.1846 0.3414 105.99000.0000 0.0000 39.9970

43.9367 0.3093 142.0400764.6646

37,270.5254

wi/ ρ0.1162

0.74980.00040.8664

BM58.4430 0.2522

18.016039.997036.4610

Basis keluar RE 100.0000 kmol%mol

h2 36.4888 18.2444

h2o 63.5112 31.7556Udara 100.0000 basis 50.0000

200.0000 100.0000

KeluarF21 F22 F23

kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam0.0000 0.0000 92.2915 1.5792 0.0000

2,451.2227 136.0581 26,140.1111 1,450.9387 13,287.72360.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 6,253.0464

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

157.5730 78.1689 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000 0.0000 1.1563 0.0317 0.0000

2,608.7957 26,233.5589 19,540.770066,139.9511

78,093.3895

6,253.0464

0.2492

0.0001

0.000004

0.000020

0.7475

0.0002

0.0010

0.0009

0.00101.0000

fraksi masuk2.1650 0.2494 0.1152

0.9970 0.7475 0.7498

2.5400 0.0010 0.00042.1300 0.0009 0.0004

2.6640 0.0012 0.00052.1500 1.0000 0.8662

rho campuran: 1.1544vol camp 31,625.4609

KeluarF23

kmol/jam BM0.0000 58.4430

737.5513 18.0160156.3379 39.9970

0.0000 70.9040

0.0000 2.01580.0000 36.4610

66,139.951178,093.3895

Neraca massa Over AllKomponen Masuk

F1 F2 F5 F6 F16 F19NaCl 9035.23076

37.9171905

0.64894947

3.70828269

126.174318 26775.53 355.4668 34.21143 64.06495 29540.20468

67.0272095

118.4889NaOH 34.21143HCl 30.14821

Na2SO4

Total 9270.70671 26775.53 473.9557 68.42286 94.21316 29540.2046867116.2026

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Cl2

H2

KeluarF11 F14 F9 F20 F21 F22 F2913.25667 76.06036 92.29146

119.31 684.5433 12214.34 2451.223 26140.11 60.08492

6253.0461.156271

1.755658

77.72279

5542.491

157.573

132.5667 760.6036 79.47844 17756.83 2608.796 26233.56 6313.13167115.87

generasiF26 F12 F15

0.716522

13227.64 119.31 684.5433

11.75277

36.18462

43.93668

13227.64 131.7793 764.6646

Neraca Panas

Data konstanta dan persamaan kapasitas panas

Komponen A

NaCl (s) 10.7900

276,370.0000

8.2200

18.5200

17.3000

26.7000

16.9000

NaOH (s) 0.1210

28.9000

18.2000

19.6800

32.8000

HCl (g) 6.7000

139.1000

6.6200

8.2800


Di mana 1 cal/mol.K = 4.1840 R = 8.3140

Neraca Energi:{(Energi masuk ) – (Energi keluar) + (Generasi energi) – (Konsumsi energi)} = {Akumulasi energi} (Himmelblau,ed.6,1996)

Menghitung kapasitas panas

Entalpi

satuan:

H2O (l)

H2O (g)

CaSO4(s)

MgCl2 (s)

MgSO4 (s)

CaCl2 (s)

Na2CO

3 (s)

Mg(OH)2 (s)

CaCO3 (s)

Na2SO

4 (s)

H2SO

4(l)

H2 (g)

Cl2 (g)

Cl2(l)

Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4

∫CpdT = A*(T-Tref) + B/2*(T2-Tref2) + C/3*(T3-Tref3) + D/4*(T4-Tref4) + E/5*(T5-T5)

Q =Σ m . ∆H Q = Σ m Cp dT

pT

HCp

TCpH .

TCpHT

Tref

.

∆H = perubahan entalpiCp = kapasitas panas kJ/kmol.Km = massa kmol/jamdT = perubahan temperatur K

25.0000

Neraca energi pada tiap alat

1. Tangki Pencampuran-120 (M-120)

Tin = 30.0000 C

= 303.1500 K

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 1 Garam Industri

Q1 30.0000 C

Komponen Komposisi BM

NaCl 97.4600 58.4430

0.4090 136.1400

0.0070 95.2180

0.0400 120.3600

1.3610 18.0160

0.7230 110.9900

Total 100.0000

*Aliran 2 Air Proses

T masuk 30.0000 C


100.0000 18.0160

Total 100.0000

* Total Qin= Q1 + Q2

601,915.0210

T ref

= oC

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

H2O

* Q pelarutan atau

Q solution

(Q s ):

panas yang dilepas/diserap ketika 1 mol senyawa dilarutkan dalam pelarut berlebih yaitu sampai suatu keadaan dimana pada penambahan pelarut selanjutnya tidak ada panas yang diserap/dilepaskan lagi.


NaCl 58.4430 154.5990

136.1400 0.2785

95.2180 0.0068

120.3600 0.0308

110.9900 0.6039

Qs = tanda - berarti menghasilkan panas..(tergenerasi)

Qs = tanda + berarti mmbutuhkan panas (konsumsi)

Neraca Panas di MT-101:

Qout = Qin + Qs = 1,332,759.5080

♥ Qkeluar

Trial T untuk mendapat suhu keluar

Tkeluar = 36.0749 C

Komponen BM keluar (kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

Qout = 1,332,759.5080

0.0000

2.Heat Exchanger-122(E-122)

Tin = 36.0749 C

= 309.2249 K

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 3 masuk

Q3T masuk 36.0749 C

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

* Qin = Q3

1,332,759.5080

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 4 keluar

Q4Tkeluar 60.0000 C

Komponen BMKeluar

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

* Qout= Q4

4,210,997.4613

* Qsteam = Qout - Qin

= 2,878,237.9532 kJ/jam

Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Menghitung jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan

Steam yang digunakan untuk menaikan temperatur feed menjadi 60 oC adalah saturated steam dengan temperatur 120oC dan tekanan 198,53 KPa :

Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

1,830.2532 kg/jam

= m x Hv

3,800,154.8161 kj/jam

= m x Hl

921,916.8629 kj/jam

Neraca Panas Total di HE-101

Panas Masuk Panas Keluar

Keterangan kJ/jam Keterangan

Q3 1,332,759.5080 Q4

Qs in 3,800,154.8161 Qs out

Total 5,132,914.3242 Total

3. Tangki Pereaksi 130(M-130)

Tin = 60.0000

= 333.1500

♥ Qumpan* Aliran 4 masuk

T masuk 60.0000 C =

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

λsteam

=

Jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan:m

steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Total 26,901.7034

Q5

T masuk 30.0000 C

Komponen BM (kg/jam)

105.9900 118.4889

18.0160 355.4668

Total 473.9557

* Aliran 6 NaOH

Q6 0.0000

Tmasuk 30.0000 C


NaOH 39.9970 34.2114

18.0160 34.2114

Total 68.4229

* Total Qin= Q3a + Q4 + Q5

4,220,000.7482

♥ QreaksiReaksi yang terjadi:

reaksi 1 +

reaksi 0.2451

reaksi 2 +

reaksi 0.5314

reaksi 3 +

reaksi 0.0055

reaksi 4 +

reaksi 0.0246

Persamaan neraca panas:

Reaksi ke Komponen kmol/jam

* Aliran 5 Na2CO

3

Na2CO

3

H2O

H2O

CaSO4

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4

oodukreak si

oak HHH Pr298tanRe ,

1 0.2451

0.2451

0.2451

0.2451

2 0.5314

0.5314

0.5314

2NaCl 1.0629

3 0.0055

2 NaOH 0.0109

0.0055

2NaCl 0.0109

4 0.0246

2 NaOH 0.0493

0.0246

0.0246

Total

♥ Qkeluar* Aliran 7 keluar

T keluar 60.1171 C =

Komponen BMKeluar

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,588.6126

Neraca Panas di M-130:

Qout = Qin + Qreaksi = Q6

4,288,174.7033

Akan tetapi, panas yang dihasilkan dari reaksi ini tidak terlalu besar, temperatur keluar yang dihasilkan hanya mengalami sedikit penurunan dari temperatur masuk.

CaSO4

Na2CO

3

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

CaCO3

MgCl2

Mg(OH)2

MgSO4

Mg(OH)2

Na2SO

4

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi,298

catatan: pada umumnya reaksi ini berlangsung pada suhu 40 - 60 oC (maksimum 75). Dari perhitungan neraca energi, reaksi di R-101 bersifat eksoterm (melepas panas).

4. Sand Filter-140 (H-140)

Tin = 60.1171

= 333.2671



Komponen BMMasuk

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,588.6126

* Total Qin= Q7

4,288,174.7033

Neraca Panas di H-140:

Qout = Qin

= 4,288,174.7033

♥ Qkeluar* Aliran 8 dan 9 keluar


Adapun temperatur keluar yang dihasilkan masih dalam range yang cukup bagus untuk melangsungkan reaksi. Sehingga reaksi ini dapat berlangsung secara nonisothermal

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

Komponen BM

Keluar

Aliran 9 (padatan)

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 0.0000

136.1400 0.0000

95.2180 0.0000

120.3600 0.0000

18.0160 0.0000

110.9900 0.0000

105.9900 0.0000

NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 0.0000

Total79.4784

5.Cation Exchanger-150 (D-150)Tin = 60.1171

= 333.2671

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 8 masuk

Q8

T masuk 60.1171 C

Komponen BMAliran 8

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,509.1342

* Aliran 11 masuk

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

T masuk 30.0000 C

Komponen BM kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 13.2567

18.0160 119.3100

Total 132.5667


4,288,325.8561

♥ Qreaksi


Reaksi 1 +

Reaksi 0.0334

Reaksi 2 +

Reaksi 0.0014

Reaksi 3 +

Reaksi 0.0062

Reaksi 4 +

Reaksi 0.0725



1 0.0334

2NaCl 0.0668

0.0334

0.0334

2 0.0014

2NaCl 0.0027

2NaCl 0.0027

0.0014

3 0.0062

2NaCl 0.0123

0.0062

0.0062

H2O

Pada cation exchanger melibatkan energi untuk reaksi pertukaran ion antara resin dengan ion positif dan resin dengan regenerant.

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

CaSO4

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4

Na2SO

4

MgCl2

oodukreak si


4 0.0725

2NaCl 0.1449

2NaCl 0.1449

0.0725

Total

Neraca Panas di CE-101:

Qout = Qin - Qreaksi

4,285,368.3707

♥ Qkeluar

Q10 dan Q12

Tkeluar 59.9677 C

Komponen BMAliran 10

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,106.6152

136.1400 0.0000

95.2180 0.0000

120.3600 0.0000

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 0.0000

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 43.9367

Total36,509.9217

Qout = 4,285,368.3707

0.0000

6.Anion Exchanger-160 (D-160)Tin = 59.9677

= 333.1177

CaCl2

CaCl2

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi pertukaran ion,298

* Aliran 10 keluar dan aliran 12 (regenerant)

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

♥ Qmasuk

* Aliran 10 masuk

Q10

T masuk 59.9677 C


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,106.6152

18.0160 27,291.3816

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 43.9367

Total 36,509.9217

Q14

T masuk 30.0000 C

Komponen BM kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 76.0604

18.0160 684.5433

Total 760.6036


4,282,278.9005

♥ Qreaksi


Reaksi 1 +

Reaksi 0.3414

Reaksi 2 +

Reaksi 0.3093



1 0.3414

2NaCl 0.6828

2NaCl 0.6828

H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

* Aliran 14 regenerant

H2O

Pada anion exchanger melibatkan energi untuk reaksi pertukaran ion antara resin dengan ion negatif dan resin dengan regenerant.

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2CO

3

oodukreak si


0.3414

2 0.3093

2NaCl 0.6187

2NaCl 0.6187

0.3093

Total

Neraca Panas di AE-101:

Qout = Qin + Qreaksi

4,282,278.9005

♥ Qkeluar

Q13 dan Q15

Tkeluar 59.2667 C


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,182.6756

18.0160 27,291.3816

105.9900 0.0000

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 0.0000

Total 36,505.8608

Qout = 4,282,278.9005

0.0000

7.Tangki Pengasaman-170 (M-170)

Tin = 59.2667

= 332.4167

* Aliran 13 masuk

Q13T masuk 59.2667 C

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin



H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO4

♥ Qumpan


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,182.6756

18.0160 27,291.3816

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

Total 36,505.8608

* Aliran 16 masuk



kg/jam

HCl 36.4610 30.1482

18.0160 64.0649

Total 94.2132


4,182,863.3641

♥ QreaksiPada Tangki pengasaman, terjadi reaksi netralisasi:


NaOH +

Reaksi 0.7951


Reaksi Komponen kmol/jam

NaOH 0.7951

HCl 0.7951

NaCl 0.7951

0.7951

Neraca Panas di MT-102


H2O

H2O

H2O

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi

oodukreak si


4,325,131.4809

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 17 keluar

Q17

Tkeluar 60.3469 C


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total

Qout = 4,325,131.4809

0.0000


Tin = 60.3469 C

= 333.4969 K

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 17 masuk


Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 36,600.0748

* Qin = Q17

4,325,131.4809

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 18 keluar

Q18

H2O

H2O

Tkeluar 90.0000 C

Komponen BMkeluar

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 36,600.0748

* Qout= Q18

7,967,354.1509


= 3,642,222.6701 kJ/jam

Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg

Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

2,316.0663 kg/jam

= m x Hv

4,808,848.4156 kj/jam

= m x Hl

1,166,625.7455 kj/jam

Neraca Panas Total di E-172



Q17 4,325,131.4809 Q18

Qs in 4,808,848.4156 Qs out

Total 9,133,979.8965 Total

9.Reaktor elektrolisis-210 (R-210)

H2O



λsteam

=


steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:

Tin = 90.0000 C

= 363.1500 K

♥ Qmasuk

* Aliran 18 masuk

Q18Tmasuk 90.0000 C

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total

* Aliran 19 masuk

Q19Tmasuk 90.0000 C

Komponen BM Masuk (kg/jam)

18.0160 29,540.2047

Total 29,540.2047

* Qin = Q18 + Q19

16,001,939.2168

♥ Qreaksi

reaksi yang terjadi di sell elektrolisis:

rx. Keseluruhan: NaCl

di Anoda:

di Anoda: NaCl

di Katoda:

Katoda dan anoda:

Reaksi Total NaCl

156.3379

Reaksi elektrolisis merupakan reaksi perubahan energi listrik menjadi energi kimia. Ini berarti bahwa dalam proses elektrolisis membutuhkan energi (endoterm) berupa listrik untuk dapat melangsungkan reaksi kimia.

H2O

H2O

H2O + e-

Na+

*Menghitung energi listrik yang dibutuhkan:

Energi listrik berhubungan dengan Arus, Daya dan tegangan yang harus disuplay.

Berdasarkan Hukum I Faraday :

" massa zat yang dibebaskan pada elektrolisis (G) berbanding lurus dengan jumlah listrik yang digunakan (Q)"

Dimana:

I = kuat arus ( ampere)

t = lamanya arus mengalir (detik)

G =

berdasarkan konsep mol dan persamaan reaksi kimia, jika mol zat yang dibebaskan adalah A, maka 1 mol zat yang terbentuk adalah A. sehingga mol zat yang dilepaskan = mol zat yang terbentuk.

Berdasarkan Hukum II Faraday :

" massa zat yang dibebaskan pada elektrolisis (G) berbanding lurus dengan massa ekuivalen zat tersebut (ME)"

Dimana:

ME = massa ekuivalen dari unsur" logam

Ar = massa atom relatif

n = perubahan biloks.

Berdasarkan Hukum I dan II Faraday :

Dimana:

k = faktor pembanding

96,500.0000 = konstanta faraday (A.s/mol)

a. arus yang dibutuhkan utuk pembentukan NaOH

Reaksi Total: NaCl

156.3379

=

maka:

- Arus yang dibutuhkan (I) =

Jika arus diberikan selama t = 1 jam = 3600s, maka:

I =

=

massa yang dibebaskan pada elektrolisis (gram)

- massa NaOH yang terbentuk = massa Na+ yang dilepaskan (dalam mol dan menurut persamaan stoikiometri)

"Menghitung Luas Efektif sel elektrolisis'

Diketahui: Spesifikasi FM-1500

densitas arus sebesar = 4

Di mana :

A = Luas efektif (m2)

i = Kuat arus (kAmp)

I = (Densitas arus (kAmp/m2))

Luas efektif sel elektrolisis (A) =

Sel elektrolisis yang digunakan adalah FM-1500

Di mana jumlah element maksimal =

luas efektif tiap element adalah =

jumlah element yang dibutuhkan =

b. Energi yang harus disuplai:

Besarnya tegangan yang harus diberikan tergantung dari besarnya hambatan si penghantar.

I =

dari besarnya tegangan dapat diketahui berapa energi yang harus disuplay untuk tegangan agar dapat mengalirkan arus.

w = v . I .t

* menghitung Hambatan Penghantar listrik

Pada reaksi elektrolisis ini,, listrik akan mengalir melalui penghantar berupa larutan elektrolit (larutan NaCl di anoda),,melewati membrane dan juga air (di katoda)

- R1 (hambatan di anoda):

menghitung daya hantar larutan NaCl pada T =

126.45

listrik dapat mengalir melalui suatu penghantar yang memiliki hambatan apabila diberikan driving force brupa tegangan.

Penghantar listrik: larutan brine (larutan garam).

Larutan brine termasuk dalam larutan elektrolit kuat, yaitu larutan yg dapat menghantarkan arus listrik dengan baik melalui ion"nya.

Besarnya tahanan konduktor elektrolitik dapat dtentukan dengan hukum Ohm. Untuk larutan elektrolit, lebih umum dipakai daya hantar yaitu harga kebalikan adari tahanan.

Dimana:

β = tetapan untuk garam 0.022

=

maka:

Hambatan dari larutan elektrolit /brine:

- R2 (hambatan di membrane):

Diketahui:

konduktivitas membrane =

Daya hantar jenis (Ls = konduktivitas) pada T =

Tebal membrane =

Hambatan melalui membrane =

Maka:

untuk luas efektif membrane 240000

2100

- R1 (hambatan di katoda):

Penghantar listrik: air

Air walaupun sangat murni, masih dapat menghantarkan listrik

Diketahui data:

Daya Hantar Jenis (ohm-1.cm-1)

0 0.000000014

18 0.00000004

25 0.000000058

34 0.000000089

50 0.000000176

90 3.16800E-07

Maka:

Diperoleh:

sehingga:

Hambatan dari air: 0.000001302

MAKA:

=

" 1 sel elektrolisis terdiri dari 90 elektroda yang dipasang secara paralel"

92,606.5120

0.00001080

Rangkaian tiap selnya adalah paralel:* Vtot=V1=V2=V3=...=V90

T (o C)

Pada 25 oC, daya hantar air (= Ls.V) =

Daya Hantar Air Pada 90 oC =

Hambatan Total pada tiap elektroda (hambatan seri) = Ranoda

+ R membrane

+ R katoda

1/Rtotal tiap sel elektrolisis

= 1/Relektroda1

+ ….. + 1/Relektroda90

1/Rtotal tiap sel elektrolisis

=

Rtotal tiap sel elektrolisis

=

L

lR

* Itot = I1+I2+13+....+I90

1/Relektrolisis=1/Rtot1 +1/Rtot 2+1/Rtot3+...+1/Rtot90

Arus pada tiap sel elektrolisis = Arus tiap elektroda x Jumlah elektroda

= I elektroda1 + I elektroda 2 + …. + Ielektroda 90

Arus tiap elektroda = 2.4507

Maka:

V tiap sel = V tiap elektrode = I tiap elektrode x Rtiap eektrode

2.3817

w =

w =

Qreaksi =

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 22 dan 23 keluar

Q22 dan Q23

Tkeluar 102.5767 C

Komponen BM Keluar

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 92.2915

18.0160 26,140.1111

NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 26,233.5589


Q20 dan Q21

Tkeluar 102.5767 C

Komponen BM Keluar

Aliran 20

kg/jam

18.0160 12,214.3359

70.9040 5,542.4907

2.0158 0.0000

Total 17,756.8266

Energi (w) yang harus disuplay di sell elektrolisis ini adalah:

Diketahui: cell votage (v) untuk reaktor elektrolisis dengan sel membrane =

Aliran 22 (depleted brine)

H2O

H2O

Cl2

H2

Kondisi reaktor adiabatis (ΔQ=0 )

Neraca Panas direaktor elektrolisis:


Tin = 30.0000 C

= 303.1500 K

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 19 masuk

Q19aT masuk 30.0000 C

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

18.0160 29,540.2047

Total 29,540.2047

* Qin = Q19

617,724.1924

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 19 keluar

Q19Tkeluar 90.0000 C

Komponen BMkeluar

(kg/jam)

18.0160 29,540.2047

Total 29,540.2047

* Qout= Q19

8,034,585.0659


= 7,416,860.8734 kJ/jam

Qin + Q

suplai - Q

out - Q

reaksi = Acc

Qsuplai

= Qout

+ Qreaksi

-Qin

Qsuplai

=

H2O

H2O


Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg

Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

4,716.3348 kg/jam

= m x Hv

9,792,525.8532 kj/jam

= m x Hl

2,375,664.9798 kj/jam




Q19a 617,724.1924 Q19

Qs in 9,792,525.8532 Qs out

Total 10,410,250.0457 Total


λsteam =


steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:

B

+ 0.0042 T

- 2,090.1000 T

+ 0.0002 T

+ 0.0220 T

+ 0.0038 T

+ 0.0039 T

+ 0.0163 T

+ 0.0119 T

+

+ 0.0008 T

+ 0.1559 T

+ 0.0008 T

+ 0.0006 T

J/mol.K = 4,184 kJ/kmol.KJ/K.mol

{(Energi masuk ) – (Energi keluar) + (Generasi energi) – (Konsumsi energi)} = {Akumulasi energi} (Himmelblau,ed.6,1996)

atau

) + D/4*(T4-Tref4) + E/5*(T5-T5)

= 298.1500 K

303.1500 K 1.0000

Masuk (kg/jam) kmol/jam A

9,035.2308 154.5990 53.9500

37.9172 0.2785 92.6000

0.6489 0.0068 86.5000

3.7083 0.0308 133.5000

126.1743 7.0035 1,381,850.0000

67.0272 0.6039 84.5000

9,270.7067 162.5225

303.1500 K Tref


26,775.5291 1,486.2083 1,381,850.0000

26,775.5291

kJ/jam


MT -120Qs

Q1

Q2

Q3

1,000.0000 Qs=Hrx . Kmolpns kelarutan kcal/gmol pns kelarutan(kcal/kmol) kJ/kmol (pns plrutan)

-1.1640 -1,164.0000 -4,870.1706

5.1000 5,100.0000 21,338.3764

36.3000 36,300.0000 151,879.0323

21.1000 21,100.0000 88,282.3025

4.9000 4,900.0000 20,501.5774

kJ/jam

309.2249 K Tref

(kmol/jam) A B

154.5990 119.4982 14.1259

0.2785 205.1072 73.8919

0.0068 191.5959 12.6797

0.0308 295.7000 0.0000

1,493.2118 3,060,771.4282 -7,029,653.4191

0.6039 187.1659 12.9824

1,648.7308

kJ/jam

E-122Q3

Q4

Qsteam in

309.2249 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

154.5990 119.4982 14.1259

0.2785 205.1072 73.8919

0.0068 191.5959 12.6797

0.0308 295.7000 0.0000

1,493.2118 3,060,771.4282 -7,029,653.4191

0.6039 187.1659 12.9824

1,648.7308

kJ/jam

333.1500 K Tref

KeluarA B

kmol/jam

154.5990 377.6500 46.4006

0.2785 648.2000 242.7191

0.0068 605.5000 41.6500

0.0308 934.5000 0.0000

1,493.2118 9,672,950.0000 -23,090,902.2750

0.6039 591.5000 42.6443

1,648.7308

kJ/jam

(sumber: Geankoplis, Tabel A.2-9)

Qsteam out

saturated steam dengan temperatur 120oC dan tekanan 198,53 KPa :

Panas Keluar

kJ/jam

4,210,997.4613

921,916.8629

5,132,914.3242

C

K

333.1500 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

154.5990 377.6500 46.4006

0.2785 648.2000 242.7191

0.0068 605.5000 41.6500

0.0308 934.5000 0.0000

1,493.2118 9,672,950.0000 -23,090,902.2750

0.6039 591.5000 42.6443

M-130Qreaksi (Qgen, Qkon)

Q4Q7

Q5 Q6

1,648.7308

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1.1179 144.5000 0.0000

19.7306 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

20.8485 0.0000 #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #VALUE!

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

0.8553 0.6050 24.5270

1.8989 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

2.7543 0.6050 #DIV/0!

kJ/jam

0.2451 0.2451

0.5314 0.5314

2 NaOH

0.0109 0.0055

2NaOH

0.0493 0.0246

1000.0000

∆H Reaktan (kJ/jam) ∆H Produk (kJ/jam)

Na2CO3CaCO

3

Na2CO

3CaCO

3

Mg(OH)2

Mg(OH)2

∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si

oak HHH Pr298tanRe , o

odukreak sio

ak HHH Pr298tanRe ,

-1,432.7000 -351,146.4942 0.0000

-1,130.0000 -276,956.4727 0.0000

-1,206.9000 0.0000 -295,804.2185

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -339,332.9526

-794.9000 -422,437.4935 0.0000

-1,130.0000 -600,521.2827 0.0000

-1,206.9000 0.0000 -641,388.6161

-411.0000 0.0000 -436,839.3756

-641.8300 -3,499.4664 0.0000

-425.6090 -4,641.1180 0.0000

-924.6600 0.0000 -5,041.5477

-411.0000 0.0000 -4,481.8120

-1,275.8676 -31,447.5078 0.0000

-425.6090 -20,980.7708 0.0000

-924.6600 0.0000 -22,790.9649

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -34,125.0740

333.2671 K Tref

KeluarA B

kmol/jam

155.6728 378.9136 46.5644

0.0334 650.3688 243.5763

0.0014 607.5259 41.7971

0.0062 937.6267 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,705,314.1796 -23,172,458.4614

0.0725 593.4791 42.7949

0.3414 1,014.8843 0.0000

0.7951 4.2492 180.8917

0.0301 639.1313 0.0000

0.7765 691.1046 131.8217

0.2697 1,151.8410 0.0000

1,672.8405


kJ/jam = 4,288,174.7033

0.0000


∆Hreaksi Total ,298 =

(reaksi eksoterm, melepas panas)

delta Qout =

C (maksimum 75). Dari perhitungan neraca energi, reaksi di R-101 bersifat eksoterm (melepas panas).

C

K

333.2671 K Tref

MasukA B

kmol/jam

155.6728 378.9136 46.5644

0.0334 650.3688 243.5763

0.0014 607.5259 41.7971

0.0062 937.6267 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,705,314.1796 -23,172,458.4614

0.0725 593.4791 42.7949

0.3414 1,014.8843 0.0000

0.7951 4.2492 180.8917

0.0301 639.1313 0.0000

0.7765 691.1046 131.8217

0.2697 1,151.8410 0.0000

1,672.8405

kJ/jam

kJ/jam

333.2671 K Tref

yang cukup bagus untuk melangsungkan reaksi. Sehingga reaksi ini dapat berlangsung secara nonisothermal

H-140Q7

Q8

Q9

Keluar

Aliran 9 (padatan)

kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam

0.0000 9,097.9853 155.6728

0.0000 4.5501 0.0334

0.0000 0.1298 0.0014

0.0000 0.7417 0.0062

0.0000 27,291.3816 1,514.8413

0.0000 8.0433 0.0725

0.0000 36.1846 0.3414

0.0000 31.8036 0.7951

0.0301 0.0000 0.0000

0.7765 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 38.3142 0.2697

0.8066 36,509.1342 1,672.0338

C

K

333.2671 K Tref

Aliran 8A B

kmol/jam155.6728 378.9136 46.5644

0.0334 650.3688 243.5763

0.0014 607.5259 41.7971

0.0062 937.6267 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,705,314.1796 -23,172,458.4614

0.0725 593.4791 42.7949

0.3414 1,014.8843 0.0000

0.7951 4.2492 180.8917

0.2697 1,151.8410 0.0000

1,672.0338

Aliran 8 (filtrate)

D-150Qreaksi

Q8Q10

Q12

Q11

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

0.2268 53.9500 6.3137

6.6224 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

6.8493

kJ/jam

2NaCl →

0.0668 0.0334

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.0027 0.0027

2NaCl →

0.0123 0.0062

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.1449 0.1449

1,000.0000∆H Reaktan (kJ/jam) ∆H Produk (kJ/jam)

-1,432.7000 -47,883.6128 0.0000

-411.0000 -27,472.8343 0.0000

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -46,272.6754

-794.9000 0.0000 -26,567.0998

-641.8300 -874.8666 0.0000

-411.0000 -1,120.4530 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -1,120.4530

-641.8300 0.0000 -874.8666

-1,275.8676 -7,861.8770 0.0000

-411.0000 -5,065.1518 0.0000

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -8,531.2685

-641.8300 0.0000 -3,954.9470

melibatkan energi untuk reaksi pertukaran ion antara resin dengan ion positif dan resin dengan regenerant.

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


-794.9000 -57,605.1127 0.0000

-411.0000 -59,569.0058 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -59,569.0058

-794.9000 0.0000 -57,605.1127

kJ/jam

333.1177 K Tref

Aliran 10

kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam155.8205 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.7165 0.0075

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

1,514.8413 119.3100 6.6224

0.0000 11.7528 0.1059

0.3414 0.0000 0.0000

0.7951 0.0000 0.0000

0.3093 0.0000 0.0000

1,672.1077 131.7793 6.7359

kJ/jam

C

K


(reaksi endoterm, membutuhkan panas)

Aliran 12 (waste regenerat)

D-160Qreaksi

Q10 Q13

Q15

Q14

333.1177 K Tref

Aliran 10A B

kmol/jam155.8205 377.3012 46.3553

1,514.8413 9,664,016.3478 -23,068,394.9461

0.3414 1,010.5658 0.0000

0.7951 4.2311 180.0794

0.3093 1,146.9397 0.0000

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1.3014 53.9500 6.3137

37.9964 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

39.2979

kJ/jam

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.6828 0.6828

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.6187 0.6187


-1,130.0000 -385,778.0601 0.0000

-411.0000 -280,627.9340 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -280,627.9340

melibatkan energi untuk reaksi pertukaran ion antara resin dengan ion negatif dan resin dengan regenerant.

∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


-1,130.0000 0.0000 -385,778.0601

-1,384.5000 -428,261.9705 0.0000

-411.0000 -254,266.0453 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -254,266.0453

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -428,261.9705

kJ/jam

332.4167 K Tref

Aliran 13 Aliran 15


1,514.8413 684.5433 37.9964

0.0000 36.1846 0.3414

0.7951 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 43.9367 0.3093

764.6646

kJ/jam

C

K

332.4167 K Tref

MT-170Qreaksi

Q13 Q17

Q16

Aliran 13A B

kmol/jam157.1219 369.7375 45.3756

1,514.8413 9,470,281.8276 -22,580,839.8951

0.7951 4.1463 4.1463

303.1500 K Tref

Aliran 15A B

kmol/jam

0.8269 33.5000 1.2627

3.5560 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

kJ/jam

HCl → NaCl

0.7951 0.7951


-425.6090 -338,422.7080 0.0000

-92.3110 -73,401.0291 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -326,806.3716

-285.8400 0.0000 -227,285.4824

∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


kJ/jam

333.4969 K Tref

Aliran 17A B

kmol/jam157.9171 381.3927 46.8862

1,519.1925 9,768,814.9105 -23,332,560.5591

0.0000 4.2770 182.1416

0.0317 236.8240 9.3772

kJ/jam

333.4969 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

157.9171 381.3927 46.8862

1,519.1925 9,768,814.9105 -23,332,560.5591

0.0317 236.8240 9.3772

kJ/jam

Qsteam out

E-172Q17 Q18

Qsteam in

363.1500 K Tref

keluarA B

kmol/jam

157.9171 701.3500 90.2675

1,519.1925 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

0.0317 435.5000 18.0535

kJ/jam


Panas Keluar

kJ/jam

7,967,354.1509

1,166,625.7455

9,133,979.8965


Q20 Q21

363.1500 K Tref

MasukA B

kmol/jam

157.9171 701.3500 90.2675

1,519.1925 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

0.0317 435.5000 18.0535

363.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1,639.6650 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

kJ/jam

+

+

+

+

+

156.3379


H2O

Na+

OH-

OH-

H2O

AnodaQ18 Q19

Q22 Q23

Katoda


G = Q

G = I . t



G = ME

G = Ar/n

G = k . I . t . ME

= (1/96.500 ). I . t . (Ar /n)

+

156.3379

mol NaOH yang terbentuk x BM NaOH

6,253.0464 kg

6,253,046.3919 gram

4,190,723.8655 Ampere

4,190.7239 kA (untuk seluruh sel)

H2O

yang dilepaskan (dalam mol dan menurut persamaan stoikiometri)

Arxt

nxxG 500.96

Ka/m2

1,047.6810 m2

270.0000 per cell

0.2100 =4,988.9570 buah

18.4776 sel

19.0000 sel

Besarnya tegangan yang harus diberikan tergantung dari besarnya hambatan si penghantar.

dari besarnya tegangan dapat diketahui berapa energi yang harus disuplay untuk tegangan agar dapat mengalirkan arus.

w = v . I .t

Pada reaksi elektrolisis ini,, listrik akan mengalir melalui penghantar berupa larutan elektrolit (larutan NaCl di anoda),,melewati membrane dan juga air (di katoda)

90.0000

= 206.1135

m2

listrik dapat mengalir melalui suatu penghantar yang memiliki hambatan apabila diberikan driving force brupa tegangan.

termasuk dalam larutan elektrolit kuat, yaitu larutan yg dapat menghantarkan arus listrik dengan baik melalui ion"nya.

Besarnya tahanan konduktor elektrolitik dapat dtentukan dengan hukum Ohm. Untuk larutan elektrolit, lebih umum dipakai daya hantar yaitu harga kebalikan adari tahanan.

o C

R

V

A

lR

R

lL

1.63

= 0.00097 ohm

145,76 exp(-4000/T) T dalam Kelvin

363.1500 K = 0.0023992096

0.014 cm

2.4313562822245E-005 ohm

2.4313562822245E-005 ohm

2.12743674694644E-007 ohm

0.00000105 ohm

= 0.000001302

cm/ohm

0.00097185 ohm

ohm

ohm

membrane + R

katoda

L

lR

I elektroda1 + I elektroda 2 + …. + Ielektroda 90

kA

Volt

v . I .t

2.3817 volt

9,981.2047 kWh

35,932,336.9431 kJ/jam

51,934,276.1600

375.7267 K Tref

Aliran 23 (produk)


1.5792 0.0000 0.0000

1,450.9387 13,287.7236 737.5513

0.0000 6,253.0464 156.3379

0.0317 0.0000 0.0000

1,452.5496 19,540.7700 893.8891

375.7267 K Tref

Aliran 21


677.9716 2,451.2227 136.0581

78.1689 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 157.5730 78.1689

756.1405 2,608.7957 214.2270

35,932,336.9431 kJ/jam

303.1500 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

1,639.6650 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

kJ/jam

363.1500 K Tref

keluarA B

kmol/jam

1,639.6650 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

kJ/jam

Qsteam out

E-174Q19a Q19

Qsteam in


Panas Keluar

kJ/jam

8,034,585.0659

2,375,664.9798

10,410,250.0457


C

+ 8.1250 -

+ 0.0000

- 156,800.0000

+ 1.9480

- 307,600.0000


T2

T2

T-2

T-2

T-2

Cp = A + BT - CT-2

∫CpdT = A*(T-Tref) + B/2*(T2-Tref2) +C(1/T - 1/Tref)

Tout = ???? C

K

2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000

B C D E

6.3137 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

33.0264 -8.6741 0.0000 0.0000

5.6673 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

-3,141,942.8250 3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953

5.8025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

B C D E

-3,141,942.8250 3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953


Qs (kJ/jam)

-752,923.6254

5,943.0827

1,035.1175

2,719.9712

12,380.9670

-730,844.4870

730,844.4870

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D E Cp.dT ( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 559.0827

-18.8355 0.0000 0.0000 1,088.5236

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 854.6879

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,237.2073

8,299,753.5196 -4,380,024.7564 883,243.2391 834.0900

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 837.4194

5,411.0108

Tout = 60.0000 C

333.1500 K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 559.0827

-18.8355 0.0000 0.0000 1,088.5236

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 854.6879

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,237.2073

8,299,753.5196 -4,380,024.7564 883,243.2391 834.0900

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 837.4194

5,411.0108

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,774.2255

-55.2509 0.0000 0.0000 3,496.4317

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,707.6727

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,909.9437

28,362,711.0339 -15,585,829.7491 3,275,652.9913 2,634.5820

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,653.2569

17,176.1125

1.9593 atm

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,774.2255

-55.2509 0.0000 0.0000 3,496.4317

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,707.6727

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,909.9437

28,362,711.0339 -15,585,829.7491 3,275,652.9913 2,634.5820

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,653.2569

17,176.1125

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 604.5873

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

#VALUE!

25.0000 298.1500 K


0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 208.9486

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

#VALUE!

+

0.2451

2NaCl

1.0629

+ 2NaCl

0.0109

+

0.0246

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

oodukreak si


-7,034.2042

-55,269.2154

-1,382.7753

-4,487.7602

-68,173.9551

68,173.9551

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,780.1980

-55.4163 0.0000 0.0000 3,508.4007

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,716.7646

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,923.0257

28,468,351.2687 -15,646,985.0048 3,289,179.4003 2,643.4014

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,662.1675

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,246.2713

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,539.2673

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,674.1224

-108.7121 0.0000 0.0000 2,988.2691

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,819.2975

33,501.1855

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,780.1980

-55.4163 0.0000 0.0000 3,508.4007

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,716.7646

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,923.0257

28,468,351.2687 -15,646,985.0048 3,289,179.4003 2,643.4014

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,662.1675

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,246.2713

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,539.2673

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,674.1224

-108.7121 0.0000 0.0000 2,988.2691

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,819.2975

33,501.1855

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

378.9136 46.5644 0.0000 0.0000

650.3688 243.5763 -55.4163 0.0000

607.5259 41.7971 0.0000 0.0000

937.6267 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

9,705,314.1796 -23,172,458.4614 28,468,351.2687 -15,646,985.0048

593.4791 42.7949 0.0000 0.0000

1,014.8843 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.2492 180.8917 0.0007 0.0000

639.1313 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

691.1046 131.8217 -108.7121 0.0000

1,151.8410 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,780.1980

-55.4163 0.0000 0.0000 3,508.4007

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,716.7646

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,923.0257

28,468,351.2687 -15,646,985.0048 3,289,179.4003 2,643.4014

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,662.1675

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,246.2713

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,539.2673

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,819.2975

27,838.7940

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D E Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 252.1428

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.0334

+

0.0014

+

0.0062

+

0.0725

2,516.6721

0.0000

440.8133

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

CaCl2

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

0.0000

2,957.4854

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

377.3012 46.3553 0.0000 0.0000

647.6013 242.4825 -55.2052 0.0000

604.9408 41.6094 0.0000 0.0000

933.6369 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

9,664,016.3478 -23,068,394.9461 28,333,563.6883 -15,568,960.1004

590.9537 42.6027 0.0000 0.0000

1,010.5658 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.2311 180.0794 0.0007 0.0000

1,146.9397 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K

, membutuhkan panas)

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,772.5770

28,333,563.6883 -15,568,960.1004 -15,568,960.1004 2,632.1476

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,228.2027

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,532.3630

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,798.7906

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 252.1428

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.3414

+

0.3093

0.0000

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

369.7375 45.3756 0.0000 0.0000

9,470,281.8276 -22,580,839.8951 27,702,866.9183 -15,204,332.3736

990.3070 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.1463 176.2734 0.0007 0.0000

1,123.9470 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,736.8311

27,702,866.9183 -15,204,332.3736 3,191,380.4224 2,579.3569

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,500.0145

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 145.4471

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.7951

-142,268.1168

142,268.1168

H2O

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,791.9169

28,675,840.4591 -15,767,163.2678 3,315,774.4424 2,660.7060

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,549.8894

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,030.1050

Tout = 90.0000 C

363.1500 K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,791.9169

28,675,840.4591 -15,767,163.2678 3,315,774.4424 2,660.7060

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,030.1050

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,312.1238

57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,897.6657

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,312.1238

57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,897.6657

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

NaOH + +

+ e-

NaOH

NaOH + +

156.3379 78.1689


1/2Cl2

1/2Cl2

1/2H2

1/2Cl2


NaOH + +

156.3379 78.1689

I tiap sel (kA) I tiap elektrode:

220.5644 2.4507 kA

1/2Cl2

2100

maka lebar = 32.4037 cm per element

panjang = 64.8074 cm

Dimana: I = kuat arus (ampere)

V = tegangan (volt)

R = hambatan (ohm)

t = lamanya arus mengalir (sekon)

V . I = volt ampere = watt (P = daya)

Dimana: R = tahanan

l = panjang (cm) = tebal plate = 2.0000 mm =

L = daya hantar

cm/ohm

cm2

Dimana: w = energi (joule atau watt.sekon)

ρ = tahanan jenis

A = luas (cm2)

exp (-4000/363) = 0.00001646

416.8039340956

29771.7095782592

cm/ohm

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

837.0522 109.7819 0.0000 0.0000

21,439,863.5985 -54,632,189.8080 71,873,637.2538 -42,443,556.8595

9.3868 426.4766 0.0013 0.0000

519.7637 21.9564 0.0000 0.0000

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

637.6802 3.9208 11.8536 0.0000

642.3348 14.6376 0.0000 0.0000

513.5575 21.1722 0.0000 0.0000

Qout: 16,001,939.2168

0.0000

Tout = 90.0000 C

363.1500 K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

D E

0.0141 + 0.0000T3

Cp.dT ( kJ/kmol) Q1 (Kj/jam)

252.1428 38,981.0359

489.3280 136.2857

385.6274 2.6282

558.5634 17.2093

376.7380 2,638.4695

377.8254 228.1700

2,440.2250 42,003.7987


376.7380 559,911.2223

559,911.2223

Q3 (Kj/jam)

86,433.6417

303.1714

5.8250

38.1183

1,245,473.0314

505.7202

1,332,759.5080

Q3

(Kj/jam)

86,433.6417

303.1714

5.8250

38.1183

1,245,473.0314

505.7202

1,332,759.5080

Q3a

(Kj/jam)

274,293.5373

973.8127

18.4539

120.4651

3,933,988.8821

1,602.3102

4,210,997.4613

Q4

(Kj/jam)

274,293.5373

973.8127

18.4539

120.4651

3,933,988.8821

1,602.3102

4,210,997.4613

Q5 (kJ/jam)

675.8836

7,433.2736

8,109.1572

Q6(kJ/jam)

178.7241

715.4056

894.1297

Q7

(kJ/jam)

277,128.3974

117.2576

3.7032

24.1736

4,004,333.7020

192.9230

1,449.6622

1,223.9473

80.4918

2,320.4776

1,299.9678

4,288,174.7033

E Cp.dT ( kJ/kmol)Q9 Q8

(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

0.0000 1,780.1980 0.0000 277,128.3974

0.0000 3,508.4007 0.0000 117.2576

0.0000 2,716.7646 0.0000 3.7032

0.0000 3,923.0257 0.0000 24.1736

3,289,179.4003 2,643.4014 0.0000 4,004,333.7020

0.0000 2,662.1675 0.0000 192.9230

0.0000 4,246.2713 0.0000 1,449.6622

0.0000 1,539.2673 0.0000 1,223.9473

0.0000 2,674.1224 80.4918 0.0000

0.0000 2,988.2691 2,320.4776 0.0000

0.0000 4,819.2975 0.0000 1,299.9678

33,501.1855 2,400.9694 4,285,773.7340

4,288,174.7033

0.0000

Q8 (kJ/jam)

277,128.3974

117.2576

3.7032

24.1736

4,004,333.7020

192.9230

1,449.6622

1,223.9473

1,299.9678

4,285,773.7340

Q11 (kJ/jam)

57.1938

2,494.9284

2,552.1221

E Cp.dT ( kJ/kmol) Q10 (kJ/jam) Q12 (kJ/jam)

0.0000 1,772.5770 276,203.7638 0.0000

0.0000 3,493.1281 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 2,705.1630 0.0000 20.3565

0.0000 3,906.3326 0.0000 0.0000

3,271,922.5744 2,632.1476 3,987,285.9524 17,431.2620

0.0000 2,650.7973 0.0000 280.6938

0.0000 4,228.2027 1,443.4937 0.0000

0.0000 1,532.3630 1,218.4574 0.0000

0.0000 4,798.7906 1,484.3911 0.0000

4,267,636.0584 17,732.3123

4,285,368.3707

Q10 (kJ/jam)

276,203.7638

3,987,285.9524

1,443.4937

1,218.4574

1,484.3911

4,267,636.0584

Q13 (kJ/jam)

328.1501

14,314.6920

14,642.8421


0.0000 1,736.8311 272,894.2110 0.0000

3,191,380.4224 2,579.3569 3,907,316.4713 98,006.2932

0.0000 4,143.4399 0.0000 1,414.5559

0.0000 1,500.0145 1,192.7355 0.0000

0.0000 4,702.5892 0.0000 1,454.6335

4,181,403.4178 100,875.4827

4,282,278.9005

Q13 (kJ/jam)

272,894.2110

3,907,316.4713

1,192.7355

4,181,403.4178

Q16 (kJ/jam)

120.2647

1,339.6816

1,459.9462

Q17 (kJ/jam)

282,974.2476

4,042,124.5660

0.0000

32.6673

4,325,131.4809

Q17

(Kj/jam)

282,974.2476

4,042,124.5660

32.6673

4,325,131.4809

Q18

(Kj/jam)

523,040.8314

7,444,253.1398

60.1798

7,967,354.1509

Q18

(Kj/jam)

523,040.8314

7,444,253.1398

60.1798

7,967,354.1509

Q19(Kj/jam)

8,034,585.0659

8,034,585.0659

78.1689

1/2H2

1/2H2

78.1689

1/2H2

0.2000 cm

E Cp.dT ( kJ/kmol) Q22 Q23

(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

0.0000 3,961.5498 6,255.9628 0.0000

9,617,297.7820 5,855.0520 8,495,321.3309 4,318,400.9824

0.0000 3,623.7796 0.0000 566,534.0385

0.0000 2,266.5542 71.8782 0.0000

8,501,649.1719 4,884,935.0209

13,386,584.1928


(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

0.0000 2,734.0511 1,853,608.9132 371,989.7951

0.0000 2,748.7695 214,868.4031 0.0000

0.0000 2,237.3069 0.0000 174,887.9126

2,068,477.3163 546,877.7077

2,615,355.0240

Q19a

(Kj/jam)

617,724.1924

617,724.1924

Q19

(Kj/jam)

8,034,585.0659

8,034,585.0659

Satuan Sumber Komposisi Satuan

cal/K.mol perry's -241.8260 kJ/mol

J/K.kmol perry's -285.8400 kJ/mol

cal/K.mol perry's NaCl -411.0000 kJ/mol





J/K.mol x 8.314 Smith NaOH -425.6090 kJ/mol



cal/K.mol perry's CaCO3 -1206.9000 kJ/mol


cal/K.mol perry's HCl -92.3110 kJ/mol

J/K.mol Himmelblau -813.9890 kJ/mol

cal/K.mol perry's Cl2 0.0000 kJ/mol

cal/K.mol perry's H2 0.0000 kJ/mol

sumber: himelblau

Data heat of formation

Heat Of Formation (∆Hf)H

2O (g)

H2O (l)

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

Na2SO4

H2SO

4


smith

smith

Neraca Panas EvaporatorUmpan Masuk Evaporator

Komponen BM (Kgmol/kg) Kg/jam Kgmol/jamNaOH 39.997 8,122.5912 203.0800

18.016 16,231.8847 900.9705

Total 24,354.4759 1,104.0505

Pada awal diasumsikan evaporasi tiap efek samaV1 = V2 = 6,613.8193 kg/jam

H2O yang teruapkan = = 13,227.6387 kg/jam

Suhu umpan masukTf = 102.5767 C 375.7267Steam masuk :Ts = 120 C 393.15Ps = 198.53 kPa 1.9593

Perhitungan dilakukan sesuai dengan tahap perhitungan pada Geankoplis,1993.

Trial I

* step 1

Asumsi bahwa air yang teruapkan sama untuk setiap effect maka:

6,613.8193 kg/jam

"Neraca massa di tiap effect": effect 1:

Total: =

H2O

Asumsi di evaporator yang menguap hanyalah air, sehingga jumlah zat yang lainnya selalu tetap disetiap effect.

Evaporator yang digunakan adalah double effect evaporator karena kandungan air yang harus diuapkan lebih dari 50% kandungan air total, dengan aliran umpan forward

V1 = V

2 =

F1 V

1

24,354.4759 = 6,613.8193

= 17,740.6566

Komponen ( untuk NaOH)

=

8,122.5912 = 0.0000

= 0.4579

effect 2:

Total: =

17,740.6566 = 6,613.8193

= 11,126.8373


=

8,122.5912 = 0.0000

= 0.7300

* step 2

BPR = m x Kb

Dimana:

m =

BM Campuran selain air = massa zat selain air/mol zat selain air

= 39.997 kg/kmol

Kb = tetapan kenaikan titik didih = 0.52

Maka:

6.5058 =

10.9795 =

120.0000 393.1500

Ditetapkan: Pada efek 2

101.33 kPa 1.0000

L1

F1 . X

F1V

1 . X

V1

XL1

F2 V

2

L2

F2 . X

F2V

2 . X

V2

XL2

"Menghitung BPR":

W1 = massa zat terlarut selain air

W2 = massa pelarut

BPR1 = oC

BPR2 = oC

" Menghitung Temperatur tiap effect":

Steam yang digunakan adalah steam dengan suhu =

sehingga, Ts1

= oC =

P2 =

bcamp

KxWxBM

xW

kg 1000

2

1

100 373.15

Diperoleh:

89.0205 362.1705

Maka:

= 13.4942 56.2895

Dipilih:

600 =

600 =

6.7471 6.7471

6.7471 6.7471

= 113.2529 386.4029

120.0000 393.1500

100 373.1500

106.7471 379.8971

89.0205 362.1705

Profile Temperature

Efek I120.0000

113.2529

T2 = oC =

T2 = Ts

2 saturation

+ BPR2

Ts2 saturation

= T2 - BPR

2

Ts2 saturation

= oC =

∑ ΔTavailable

= TS1

– T2 saturation - (BPR

1 + BPR

2)

oC =

Dari table 8.3-1 Geankoplis 1993 diketahui bahwa koefisien transfer panas untuk evaporator tipe long tube vertical berkisar antara 200 – 700 Btu/hr. ft2. °F.

U1 = Btu.h.ft2.oF

U2 = Btu.h.ft2.oF

ΔT tiap effect:

ΔT 1 =

ΔT 1 =

oC =

ΔT 2 =

oC =

"Temperatur tiap effect":

effect 1: T

1 =T

S1 - ΔT

1

oC =

TS1

=

oC =

effect 2:

T 2 =

oC = T

S2 =

T

1 - BPR

1

oC =

TS2 saturation = oC =

TS1 = oC TS2 =

T1

=

oC T2

=

U/1U/1

U/1T

21

1available

* step 3

Pada penentuan entalpi larutan, digunakan suhu 0 C sebagai basis, dimana nilai H uap relatif terhadap 0CMenentukan Cp mix (campuran ) Cp mix =

Komponen A B CNaOH -3.18E+04 8.46E+02 -3.07E+00

276,370.0000 -2,090.1000 8.1250

375.7267 K

(Pers.100, J/kmol.K)Komponen kg/jam Kgmol/jam Cp J/kmol.K

NaOH 8,122.5912 203.0800 63,736.8398

16,231.8847 900.9705 76,077.7981

Total 24,354.4759 48,708.9518

386.4029 KKomponen kg/jam Kgmol/jam Cp J/kmol.K

NaOH 8,122.5912 203.0800 64,495.3951

9,618.0654 533.8624 76,363.9226

Total 17,740.6566


NaOH 8,122.5912 203.0800 63,559.9437

3,004.2461 166.7543 76,013.9001

Total 11,126.8373

" Neraca Energi ":

Entalpi:

Dimana, pada effect1:

102.5767 375.7267

113.2529 386.4029

120.0000 393.1500

106.7471 379.8971

BPR1 = 6.5058 279.6558

xi .Cpi

H2O

* Cp Umpan pada Tf =

Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3+ET4

H2O

* Cp L1 pada T1 =

H2O

* Cp L2 pada T2 =

H2O

Effect 1 : F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . h

L1 + V1 . H

v1

Tf

= oC =

T1

= oC =

TS1

= oC =

TS2

= oC =oC =

120.0000 2,706.3000 503.7100

105.0000 2,683.8000 440.1500

106.7471 2,686.4905 447.5402

110.0000 2,691.5000 461.3000

T referensi = 0 273.1500

Diperoleh:

hf = Cp (Tf - 0)

= 343.2108 kJ/kg

2,202.5900 kJ/kg

hL1 = Cp (T1 - 0)

= 343.8672374728 kJ/kg

2,698.7475 kJ/kg

Entalpi:

Dimana, pada effect 2:

100.0000 373.1500

106.7471 379.8971

89.0205 362.1705

BPR2 = 10.9795 284.1295

85.0000 2,651.9000 355.9000

89.0205 2,658.4936 372.8022

90.0000 2,660.1000 376.9200

T referensi = 0.0000 273.1500

Diperoleh:

Hs1

pada Ts1

: Data entalpi saturated steam :

Suhu (oC) Hs (kJ/kg) h

s (kJ/kg)

Hs2

pada Ts2



s (kJ/kg)

oC =

λs1

=

Hv1 = H

s2 (saturation entalpi pada T

s2) + 1,884 . BPR1

Hv1 =

Effect 2 : L

1 . h

L1 + V1 . λs2 = L2 . h

L2 + V2 . H

v2

T2

= oC =

TS2

= oC =

TS2 saturation

= oC =oC =

Hs2 saturasi

pada Ts2 saturasi



s (kJ/kg)

oC =

343.8672 kJ/kg

2,238.9503 kJ/kg

Cp (T2 - 0)

= 229.9252 kJ/kg

2,679.1790 kJ/kg

F = V1 + L1

= 24,354.4759

L1 = F- V1

= 24,354.4759 - V1

L1 = L2 + V2 ……………….……………………………………………………………………pers2

V2 = V - V1

= 13,227.6387 - V1

8,358,719.3434 + 2,202.5900 S = (

8,358,719.3434 + 2,202.5900 S =

2,202.5900 S =

substitusi pers.1 dan 3

24,354.4759 - 343.8672

8,374,706.3559 -343.8672 2,238.9503

4,574.2621 V1 =

V1 =

Maka:

Persamaan 3,4 dan 2 dapat diselesaikan:

Pers.3 6,751.6552 kg/jam

Pers.1 17,878.4925 kg/jam

Pers.4 S = 6,931.0005 kg/jam

* step 4

hL1

=

λs2

=

hL2

=

Hv2 = H

s2 saturated (saturation entalpi pada T

s2 saturated) + 1,884 . BPR2

Hv2 =

"Neraca Energy di tiap effect": effect 1: F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . h

L1 + V1 . H

v1

effect 2: L

1 . h

L1 + V1 . λs2 = L2 . h

L2 + V2 . H

v2

V1) .

V1 +

V2 =

L1 =

= 4,240,597.8999 W

= 184.4777

= 4,027,612.5518 W

= 175.2122

Area rata" = 179.8450 0.0515

Jika perbedaan masing-masing area terhadap area rata-rata kurang dari 10% maka perhitungan selesai. (Geankoplis, 1993 : 509). Karena perbedaan masing-masing area terhadap area rata-rata adalah 9,28% maka perhitungan selesai.

Karena perbedaan masing-masing area terhadap area rata-rata adalah 6,78% maka perhitungan selesai.

steam economy: 0.5240

F = 24,354.4759 hf S = 6,931.0005 λ1 L1 = 17,878.4925 hL1 V1 = 6,475.9834 Hv1 V2 = 6,751.6552 Hv2 L2 = 11,126.8373 hL2

λ2

Evaporator effect 1:

KomponenMasuk keluar

NaOH 8,122.5912 0.0000

16,231.8847 6,475.983424,354.4759 6,475.983424,354.4759 24,354.4759

Evaporator effect 2:Komponen Masuk keluar

" Menentukan Panas dan luas areaTiap effect Q

1 = S . λs

1

A1 = Q

1 / (U

1 . ΔT

1)

m2 Range Ulrich untuk Long tube 100-10000 m2

Q2 = V1 . λs

2

A2 = Q

2 / (U

2 . ΔT

2)

m2

m2

(memenuhi untuk double effect, kurang dari 1,6, wallas)

Neraca Massa dan energi di Evaporator

diketahui:

F1

V1

H2O

F2 = L

1V

2

NaOH 8,122.5912 0.0000

9,755.9013 6,751.655217,878.4925 6,751.655217,878.4925 17,878.4925

Evaporator effect 1:Masuk (kJ/jam)

8,358,719.3434

Qs in 15,266,152.439623,624,871.7830


6,147,827.8202

Qsin 14,499,405.186620,647,233.0068

H2O

Neraca energi di Evaporator

Qf (Q23

) QV1

(Q24

)

QL1

(Q25

)

Qf (Q25

) QV2

(Q26

)

QL2

(Q27

)

Skema Double Effect Evaporator

Keluaran Atas Evaporator

fraksi Komponen BM (Kgmol/kg) Kg/jam0.3335 NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

0.6665 18.0160 13,227.6387

Total 13,227.6387

Keluaran Bawah Evaporator1.0000

Komponen BM (Kgmol/kg) Kg/jamNaOH 39.9970 8,122.5912

18.0160 3,004.2461

Total 11,126.8373

K

Katm

+

H2O

H2O

karena kandungan air yang harus diuapkan lebih dari 50% kandungan air total, dengan aliran umpan forward

L1

+

kg/jam

+

+ 17,740.6566

+

+

kg/jam

+

+ 11,126.8373

43.7105

51.7631

120.0000 C dan tekanan 198.53 kPa

K = 248.0000

atm

L1

L1 . X

L1

XL1

L2

L2

L2 . X

L2

XL2

oC/kmol

oFoF

oF

K = 212.0000

K = 192.2369

1/U

3,406.9560 0.0003

3,406.9560 0.0003

F = 6.7471 K

F = 6.7471 K

K

K

K

K

K

Efek II106.7471 89.0205

100.0000

oF

oF

oF

evaporator tipe long tube vertical berkisar antara 200 – 700 Btu/hr. ft2. °F.

oC TS2 saturation = oC

oC

U/1U/1

U/1T

21

1available

Pada penentuan entalpi larutan, digunakan suhu 0 C sebagai basis, dimana nilai H uap relatif terhadap 0C

D E5.07E-03 -2.92E-06

-0.0141 0.00000937

Cp kJ/kmol.K BM (kg/kgmol) Cp (kJ/kg.K) X (massa) x. Cp

63.7368 39.9970 1.5935 0.3335 0.5315

76.0778 18.0160 4.2228 0.6665 2.8144

5.8163 1.0000 3.3459


64.4954 39.9970 1.6125 0.4579 0.7383

76.3639 18.0160 4.2387 0.5421 2.2980

1.0000 3.0363


63.5599 39.9970 1.5891 0.7300 1.1601

76.0139 18.0160 4.2192 0.2700 1.1392

1.0000 2.2993

K

K

K

K

K

F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . hL1

+ V1 . Hv1

K

K

K

K

K

K

L1 + V1 . λs2 = L2 . h

L2 + V2 . H

v2

………………………… ……………..pers.1

……………….……………………………………………………………………pers2

.……………………………………….pers.3

24,354.4759 - 343.8672 +

8,374,706.3559 -343.8672 2,698.7475

2,354.8802 15,987.0125 ………...pers.4

+ 2,238.9503 2,558,340.1276 +

= 2,558,340.1276 + 35,439,211.7144

29,622,845.4860

6,475.9834 kg/jam

V1) .

V1 + V

1

V1

V1 =

V1


LANGSUNG BERHASIL !!!!! :)

343.21082,202.5900

343.86723747282,698.74752,679.1790

229.92522,238.9503

keluar

8,122.5912 0.4543

9,755.9013 0.545717,878.4925 1.0000

24,354.4759

Range Ulrich untuk Long tube 100-10000 m2

kurang dari 1,6, wallas)

L1

xL1

L2

xL2

8,122.5912 0.7300

3,004.2461 0.270011,126.8373 1.0000

17,878.4925

Keluar (kJ/jam)

17,477,043.9628

6,147,827.820223,624,871.7830

Keluar (kJ/jam)

18,088,892.8793

2,558,340.127620,647,233.0068

Kgmol/jam0.0000

734.2162

734.2162

Kgmol/jam fraksi203.0800 0.73

166.7543 0.27

369.8343 1

2,698.7475

( 13,227.6387 - 2,679.1790

- 2,679.1790

V1

V1) .

V1



18.016 16,231.8847 900.9705

Total 24,354.4759 1,104.0505

Pada awal diasumsikan evaporasi tiap efek samaV1 = V2 = 6,613.8193 kg/jam

H2O yang teruapkan = = 13,227.6387 kg/jam

Suhu umpan masukTf = #REF! C #REF!Steam masuk :Ts = 120 C 393.15Ps = 198.53 kPa 1.9593

Trial I

* step 1

Asumsi bahwa air yang teruapkan sama untuk setiap effect maka:

6.6130 kg/jam


Total: =

H2O

V1 = V

2 =

F1 V

1

24,354.4759 = 6,613.8193

= 17,740.6566


=

8,122.5912 = 6,613.8193

= 0.4579

effect 2:

Total: =

17,740.6566 = 6,613.8193

= 11,126.8373


=

8,122.5912 = 0.0000

= 0.7300

* step 2

BPR = m x Kb

Dimana:

m =


= 39.997 kg/kmol


Maka:

6.5058 =

10.9795 =

120.0000 393.1500

Ditetapkan: Pada efek 2

101.33 kPa 1.0000

L1

F1 . X

F1V

1 . X

V1

XL1

F2 V

2

L2

F2 . X

F2V

2 . X

V2

XL2

"Menghitung BPR":


W2 = massa pelarut

BPR1 = oC

BPR2 = oC

" Menghitung Temperatur tiap effect":


sehingga, Ts1

= oC =

P2 =

bcamp

KxWxBM

xW

kg 1000

2

1

100 373.15

Diperoleh:

89.0205 362.1705

Maka:

= 13.4942 56.2895

Dipilih:

700 =

300 =

4.0483 4.0483

9.4459 9.4459

= 115.9517 389.1017

120.0000 393.1500

100 373.1500

109.4459 382.5959

89.0205 362.1705

Profile Temperature

Efek I120.0000

115.9517

T2 = oC =

T2 = Ts

2 saturation

+ BPR2

Ts2 saturation

= T2 - BPR

2

Ts2 saturation

= oC =

∑ ΔTavailable

= TS1

– T2 saturation - (BPR

1 + BPR

2)

oC =


U1 = Btu.h.ft2.oF

U2 = Btu.h.ft2.oF

ΔT tiap effect:

ΔT 1 =

ΔT 1 =

oC =

ΔT 2 =

oC =

"Temperatur tiap effect":

effect 1: T

1 =T

S1 - ΔT

1

oC =

TS1

=

oC =

effect 2:

T 2 =

oC = T

S2 =

T

1 - BPR

1

oC =

TS2 saturation = oC =

TS1 = oC TS2 =

T1

=

oC T2

=

U/1U/1

U/1T

21

1available

* step 3



276,370.0000 -2,090.1000 8.1250

#REF! K


NaOH 8,122.5912 203.0800 #REF!

16,231.8847 900.9705

Total 24,354.4759 48,708.9518


NaOH 8,122.5912 203.0800 64,694.0372

9,618.0654 533.8624 76,441.7997

Total 17,740.6566


NaOH 8,122.5912 203.0800 63,559.9437

3,004.2461 166.7543 76,013.9001

Total 11,126.8373

" Neraca Energi ":

Entalpi:


#REF! #REF!

115.9517 389.1017

120.0000 393.1500

109.4459 382.5959

BPR1 = 6.5058 279.6558

xi .Cpi

H2O



H2O

* Cp L1 pada T1 =

H2O

* Cp L2 pada T2 =

H2O

Effect 1 : F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . h

L1 + V1 . H

v1

Tf

= oC =

T1

= oC =

TS1

= oC =

TS2

= oC =oC =

120.0000 2,706.3000 503.7100

105.0000 2,683.8000 440.1500

109.4459 2,690.6467 458.9563

110.0000 2,691.5000 461.3000


Diperoleh:

hf = Cp (Tf - 0)

= #REF! kJ/kg

2,202.5900 kJ/kg

hL1 = Cp (T1 - 0)

= 467.2058155548 kJ/kg

2,702.9037 kJ/kg

Entalpi:

Dimana, pada effect 2:

100.0000 373.1500

109.4459 382.5959

89.0205 362.1705

BPR2 = 10.9795 284.1295

85.0000 2,651.9000 355.9000

89.0205 2,658.4936 372.8022

90.0000 2,660.1000 376.9200

T referensi = 0.0000 273.1500

Diperoleh:

Hs1

pada Ts1



s (kJ/kg)

Hs2

pada Ts2



s (kJ/kg)

oC =

λs1

=

Hv1 = H


s2) + 1,884 . BPR1

Hv1 =

Effect 2 : L

1 . h

L1 + V1 . λs2 = L2 . h

L2 + V2 . H

v2

T2

= oC =

TS2

= oC =

TS2 saturation

= oC =oC =

Hs2 saturasi

pada Ts2 saturasi



s (kJ/kg)

oC =

467.2058 kJ/kg

2,231.6904 kJ/kg

Cp (T2 - 0)

= 229.9252 kJ/kg

2,776.7881 kJ/kg 2,679.1790

F = V1 + L1

= 24,354.4759

L1 = F- V1

= 24,354.4759 - V1

L1 = L2 + V2 ……………….……………………………………………………………………pers2

V2 = V - V1

= 13,227.6387 - V1

#REF! + 2,202.5900 S = (

#REF! + 2,202.5900 S =

2,202.5900 S =


24,354.4759 - 467.2058

11,378,552.7862 -467.2058 2,231.6904

4,541.2727 V1 =

V1 =

Maka:


Pers.3 7,081.7543 kg/jam

Pers.1 18,208.5916 kg/jam

Pers.4 S = #REF! kg/jam

* step 4

hL1

=

λs2

=

hL2

=

Hv2 = H

s2 saturated (saturation entalpi pada T

s2 saturated) + 1,884 . BPR2

Hv2 =

"Neraca Energy di tiap effect": effect 1: F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . h

L1 + V1 . H

v1

effect 2: L

1 . h

L1 + V1 . λs2 = L2 . h

L2 + V2 . H

v2

V1) .

V1 +

V2 =

L1 =

= #REF! W

= #REF!

= 3,809,919.8245 W

= 236.7743

Area rata" = #REF! #REF!

steam economy: #REF!

F = 24,354.4759 hf S = #REF! λ1 L1 = 18,208.5916 hL1 V1 = 6,145.8843 Hv1 V2 = 7,081.7543 Hv2 L2 = 11,126.8373 hL2

λ2

Evaporator effect 1:

KomponenMasuk keluar

NaOH 8,122.5912 0

16,231.8847 6,145.884324,354.4759 6145.884342572224,354.4759 24,354.4759

Evaporator effect 2:Komponen Masuk keluar


1 = S . λs

1

A1 = Q

1 / (U

1 . ΔT

1)


Q2 = V1 . λs

2

A2 = Q

2 / (U

2 . ΔT

2)

m2

m2


Neraca Massa dan energi di Evaporator

diketahui:

F1

V1

H2O

F2 = L

1V

2

NaOH 8,122.5912 0

10,086.0004 7,081.754318,208.5916 7,081.754318,208.5916 18,208.5916


#REF!

Qs in #REF!


8,507,159.8797

Qsin 13,715,711.368222,222,871.2478

H2O

Neraca energi di Evaporator

Qf (Q23

) QV1

(Q24

)

QL1

(Q25

)

Qf (Q25

) QV2

(Q26

)

QL2

(Q27

)

Skema Double Effect Evaporator


fraksi Komponen BM (Kgmol/kg) Kg/jam0.3335 NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

0.6665 18.0160 13,227.6387

Total 13,227.6387


Komponen BM (Kgmol/kg) Kg/jamNaOH 39.9970 8,122.5912

18.0160 3,004.2461

Total 11,126.8373

K

Katm

+

H2O

H2O

L1

+

kg/jam

+

+ 17,740.6566

+

+

kg/jam

+

+ 11,126.8373

43.7105

51.7631


K = 248.0000

atm

L1

L1 . X

L1

XL1

L2

L2

L2 . X

L2

XL2

oC/kmol

oFoF

oF

K = 212.0000

K = 192.2369

1/U

3,974.7820 0.0003

1,703.4780 0.0006

F = 4.0483 K

F = 9.4459 K

K

K 109.4459

K

K

K

Efek II109.4459 89.0205

100.0000

oF

oF

oF


oC TS2 saturation = oC

oC

U/1U/1

U/1T

21

1available


D E5.07E-03 -2.92E-06

-0.0141 0.00000937


43.7370 39.9970 1.0935 0.3335 0.3647

56.0778 18.0160 3.1127 0.6665 2.0745

4.2062 1.0000 2.4392


89.9720 39.9970 2.2495 0.4579 1.0299

99.6720 18.0160 5.5324 0.5421 2.9994

1.0000 4.0293


63.5599 39.9970 1.5891 0.7300 1.1601

76.0139 18.0160 4.2192 0.2700 1.1392

1.0000 2.2993

K

K

K

K

K

F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . hL1

+ V1 . Hv1

K

K

K

K

K

K

+ V1 . λs2 = L2 . hL2

+ V2 . Hv2

………………………… ……………..pers.1

……………….……………………………………………………………………pers2

.……………………………………….pers.3

24,354.4759 - 467.2058 +

11,378,552.7862 -467.2058 2,702.9037

2,235.6979 #REF! ………...pers.4

+ 2,231.6904 2,558,340.1276 +

= 2,558,340.1276 + 36,730,349.6267

27,910,136.9680

6,145.8843 kg/jam

V1) .

V1 + V

1

V1

V1 =

V1


#REF!2,202.5900

467.20581555482,702.90372,776.7881

229.92522,231.6904

keluar

8,122.5912 0.4461

10,086.0004 0.553918,208.5916 1

24,354.4759


L1

xL1

L2

xL2

8,122.5912 0.73

3,004.2461 0.2711,126.8373 1

18,208.5916

Keluar (kJ/jam)

16,611,733.4386

8,507,159.879725,118,893.3182

Keluar (kJ/jam)

19,664,531.1202

2,558,340.127622,222,871.2478

Kgmol/jam0.0000

734.2162

734.2162

Kgmol/jam fraksi203.0800 0.73

166.7543 0.27

369.8343 1

2,702.9037

( 13,227.6387 - 2,776.7881

- 2,776.7881

V1

V1) .

V1

1.5800

11.Crystallizer-320 (D-320)

♥ Qumpan2,558,340.1276 kJ/jam 611049.041650306

100.0000 373.1500

♥ Qkristalisasi

Diketahui: BM NaOH = 39.997 BM H2O = 18.016

= 6,214.8924 kg/jam= 155.3840 kmol/jam

= -44.5100 kJ/kmol

Panas Kristalisasi = - Panas Kelarutan (JW.Mullin,2001:63) Panas Kristalisasi NaOH:

= 44.5100 kJ/kmol.= 44.5100 kJ/kmol.= 6,916.1402 kJ/jam (+mengartikan proses kristalisasi mengambil panas yang dibawa umpan)

♥ Qkeluar

Data Konstanta kapasitas Panas dari Chemcad pers.100 (j/kmol.K)

Komponen A B NaOH -3.18E+04 8.46E+02

276,370.0000 -2,090.1000

Tkeluar = 40.0000 C 313.1500

Komponen 1 2

NaOH nk -477,000.0000 3,876,406.1250

NaOH k -477,000.0000 3,876,406.1250

4,145,550.0000 -9,582,585.9750

369,441.4403 kJ/jam

♥ Menghitung Jumlah Air Pendingin yang digunakan:

Qin (Q28

) =

Tin = oC =

Kristalisasi dilakukan dengan proses pendinginan pada T=40 oC Kristal yang diinginkan terbentuk adalah kristal unhydrate NaOH

Kristal NaOH unhydrate yang terbentuk:

Heat of solution of NaOH unhydrate :(Parker, V.B., Thermal Properties of Uni-Univalent Electrolytes,

Aliran 29 (Q29)

H2O


H2O

Qout = Q29

:

Q28

(Q masuk + Q pendingin) + Q kristalisasi = Q keluar sehingga,

Q pendingin= = Q keluar - (Qmasuk + Qkristalisasi) Qpendinginan = -2,181,982.5470 kJ/jam

Media Pendingin yang digunakan adalah air Diketahui:

T air pendingin in = 30.0000303.1500 K

T air pendingin out = 45.0000318.1500 K

T referensi = 25

276,370.0000 -2,090.1000

∫ Cp .dT = 1,128,907.2801 j/kmol.K= 1,128.9073 kJ/kmol.K= 62.6614 kJ/kg.k

m cooling water =

m cooling water = 34,821.8124 kg/jam

Q pada air pendingin:

Qpendingin in =728,169.4966 kJ/jam =

=

Qpendingin out =

2,910,152.0436 kJ/jam

Cek Qserap: 2,181,982.5470 kJ/jam

Neraca Panas Total di CrystallizerPanas Aliran Panas Masuk Panas Generasi Panas Konsumsi

kj/jam kJ/jam kJ/jamQ28 2,558,340.1276 0.0000Q29 0.0000 0.0000Qkristalisasi 0.0000 6,916.1402Qpendinginan 728,169.4966 0.0000Total 3,286,509.6242 0.0000 6,916.1402

12.Centrifuse-330 (H-330)

oC

oC

oC =

H2O

massa pendingin x ∫ Cp .dT(Tin-Tref)

= ∫ Cp .dT(Tin-Tref)

=

massa pendingin x ∫ Cp .dT(Tout-Tref)

= ∫ Cp .dT(Tout-Tref)

=

dtCp .

Qserap

Q29

♥ Qumpan

369,441.4403 kJ/jam

40.0000 C = 313.1500

♥ QkeluarAliran 30 dan 31Q30 dan Q31Tkeluar 40.0000 C 313.1500

komposisi BMAliran 30

kg/jam kmol jamNaOH k 39.9970 6,214.8924 155.3840NaOH nk 39.9970 38.1540 0.9539

18.0160 60.0849 3.33516,313.1313 159.6730

369,441.4403 kJ/jam

13.Heat Exchanger-333(HE-333)

Tin = 40.0000 C

= 313.1500 K

♥ Qumpan (recycle NaOH)

* Aliran 31 masuk

* Qin = Q31

kJ/jam

Tkeluar 40.0000 C 313.1500


kg/jam kmol jam

NaOHn k 39.9970 1,869.5448 46.7421

18.0160 2,944.1611 163.4192

4,813.7059 210.1614

226,257.9964 kJ/jam

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 32 keluar

Q32

Qin (Q29

) =

Tin =

H2O

Total Qout =

H2O

Total Qin =

H-330

Q31

Q26

Q31

Tkeluar 102.5767 C 375.7267


kg/jam kmol jam

NaOHn k 39.9970 1,869.5448 46.7421

18.0160 2,944.1611 163.4192

4,813.7059 210.1614

* Qout= Q32

1,126,211.3410 kJ/jam


= 899,953.3446 kJ/jam

Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg (sumber: Geankoplis, Tabel A.2-9)

Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

= 572.2746 kg/jam

= m x Hv

1,188,213.7934 kj/jam

= m x Hl

288,260.4488 kj/jam



Keterangan kJ/jam Keterangan kJ/jam

Q31 226,257.9964 Q32 1,126,211.3410

Qs in 1,188,213.7934 Qs out 288,260.4488

Total 1,414,471.7898 Total 1,414,471.7898

14.Mix Point-215(MP-215)

H2O



λsteam

=


steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:


T masuk 102.5767 C = 375.7267Q23 = 4,884,935.0209 kJ/jam

* Aliran 32 masukT masuk 18.0160 C = 291.1660Q32 = 1,126,211.3410 kJ/jam

Qumpan total = 6,093,726.3939 kJ/jam

♥ Qkeluar* Aliran 24 keluarT keluar 102.5767 C = 375.7267Komponen BM keluar kmol/jam

NaOH 39.9970 8,122.5912 203.0800H2O 18.0160 16231.8847223128 900.9705Total 24,354.4759 1,104.0505

Q23

kCal/jam

K

(+mengartikan proses kristalisasi mengambil panas yang dibawa umpan)

C D E-3.07E+00 5.07E-03 -2.92E-06

8.1250 -0.0141 0.00000937

K Tref 25.0000

3 4 5

-4,298,037.3333 2,173,127.5849 -382,731.6797

-4,298,037.3333 2,173,127.5849 -382,731.6797

11,388,081.9609 -6,049,751.3091 1,228,162.3670

Penjelasan!!2,558,340.1276 6,916.1402 =

Thermal Properties of Uni-Univalent Electrolytes, Natl.Stand.Ref.Data series-Natl.Bur.Stand (U.S.), no.2, 1965)

D-320

Qref 0ut

Qref in

Q29

2,551,423.9873 = harus diberi pendingin sebesar

-2,181,982.5470 sehingga: 369,441.4403 =

298.15 K

8.1250 -0.0141 0.00000937

376,738.0481 j/Kmol.K376.7380 kJ/kmol.K

20.9113 kJ/kg.K

1,505,645.3282 j/Kmol.K

1,505.6453 kJ/kmol.K

83.5727 kJ/kg.K

Panas KeluarkJ/jam

0.0000369,441.4403

0.00002,910,152.04363,279,593.48393,286,509.6242

K

K Tref 25.0000Aliran 31

Akg/jam kmol jam0.0000 0.0000 -477,000.0000

1,869.5448 46.7421 -477,000.0000

2,944.1611 163.4192 4,145,550.00004,813.7059 210.1614

K Tref 25.0000

A B C

-477,000.0000 3,876,406.1250 -4,298,037.3333

4,145,550.0000 -9,582,585.9750 11,388,081.9609

Qsteam out

H-330 Q30

E-334 Q32

Qsteam in

K Tref 25.0000

A B C

9.3868 426.4766 0.0013

21,439,863.5985 -54,632,189.8080 71,873,637.2538


dengan temperatur 120oC dan tekanan 198,53 KPa :

K Tref 25.0000

K Tref 25.0000

K Tref 25.0000A B C

-2,466,938.0267 22,100,146.6354 -27,126,216.447921,439,863.5985 -54,632,189.8080 71,873,637.2538

MP-215 Q24

Q32

C 298.1500 K

∫Cp.dT (J/kmol) ∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol) massa (kg/jam) kmol/jam

891,764.6969 891.7647 1,907.6988 47.6960

891,764.6969 891.7647 6,214.8924 155.3840

1,129,457.0438 1,129.4570 3,004.2461 166.754311,126.8373 369.8343

369,441.4403

Natl.Stand.Ref.Data series-Natl.Bur.Stand (U.S.), no.2, 1965)

369,441.4403

369,441.4403

Sketsa air pendingin:

Fluida Panas (T) Fluida Dingin (t) ∆t2= T1-t2212.0000 86.0000 99.0000104.0000 113.0000

∆T LMTD = 47.5144

CR- 301

t2

t1

T2T1

Q24

C 298.1500 K

B C D E

3,876,406.1250 -4,298,037.3333 2,173,127.5849 -382,731.67973,876,406.1250 -4,298,037.3333 2,173,127.5849 -382,731.6797

-9,582,585.9750 11,388,081.9609 -6,049,751.3091 1,228,162.3670

Tout = 102.5767 C

375.7267 K

C 298.1500 K

D E∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

2,173,127.5849 -382,731.6797 891.7647 41,682.9777

-6,049,751.3091 1,228,162.3670 1,129.4570 184,575.0187

226,257.9964

Q31

(KJ/jam)

C 298.1500 K

D E∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 3,623.7796 169,383.1621

-42,443,556.8595 9,617,297.7820 5,855.0520 956,828.1789

9,478.8316 1,126,211.3410

Q32

(KJ/jam)

C 298.1500 K

C 298.1500 K

C 298.1500 KD E

∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

15,246,124.9229 -2,997,034.1324 4,756.0830 965,865.3782-42,443,556.8595 9,617,297.7820 5,855.0520 5,275,229.1612

6,093,726.3939

Q24

(KJ/jam)

42,533.6507

138,565.9337

188,341.8558369,441.4403

Q28

(kJ/jam)

∆t2-∆t1 ∆t2/∆t118.0000 81.0000 5.5

∆t1 = T2-t1

∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

891.7647 138,565.9337 0.0000891.7647 850.6730 41,682.9777

1,129.4570 3,766.8371 184,575.0187143,183.4439 226,257.9964

Q30

(KJ/jam) Q31

(KJ/jam)

EVAPORATOR-301 (EV-301)

Fungsi : Tipe :

Diketahui:Komposisi umpan masuk Evaporator:Komponen BM kg/jam kmol/jamNaOH 39.9970 8,122.5912 203.0800H2O 18.0160 16,231.8847 900.9705

24,354.4759 1,104.0505

F = 24,354.4759 kg/jam

Tf = 102.5767 375.7267Steam:

Ts = 120.0000 393.1500

Air yang ingin diuapkan:V = 13,227.6387 kg/jam


Trial I* step 1 Asumsi bahwa air yang teruapkan sama untuk setiap effect maka:

6,613.8193 kg/jam


Total: =

24,354.4759 = 6,613.8193

= 17,740.6566 Komponen ( untuk NaOH)

=

8,122.5912 = 0.0000

= 0.4579

effect 2:

Total: =

17,740.6566 = 6,613.8193


=

memekatkan larutan NaOH keluaran RE-201 + recycle dengan menjaga agar tercapai keadaan tidak lewat jenuh sehingga tidak terjadi pembentukan kristalVertikal LongTube Forward feed Double effect Evaporator

oC

oC

Asumsi di evaporator yang menguap hanyalah air, sehingga jumlah zat yang lainnya selalu tetap disetiap effectEvaporator yang digunakan adalah double effect evaporator karena kandungan air yang harus diuapkan lebih dari 50% kandungan air total, dengan aliran umpan forward

V1 = V

2 =

F1 V

1

L1

F1 . X

F1V

1 . X

V1

XL1

F2 V

2

L2

F2 . XF2 V2 . XV2

8,122.5912 = 0.0000

= 0.7300

* step 2

BPR = m x Kb Dimana: m =

BM Campuran selain air = massa zat selain air/mol zat selain air= 39.997 kg/kmol


Maka:

6.5058 =

10.9795 =

120.0000 393.1500 Ditetapkan:

52 Maka:

= 50.5147 122.9264

Dipilih:

500 =

200 =

14.4328 14.4328

36.0819 36.0819

= 105.5672

120.0000

= 62.9795

XL2

"Menghitung BPR":


W2 = massa pelarut

BPR1 = oC

BPR2 = oC

" Menghitung Temperatur tiap effect": Steam yang digunakan adalah steam dengan suhu =

sehingga, Ts1

= oC =

Suhu kondensasi steam tersaturasi pada effect 2 (Ts2

) =

∑ ΔTavailable

= TS1

– Ts2

– (BPR1 + BPR

2 )

oC =


U1 = Btu.h.ft2.oF

U2 = Btu.h.ft2.oF

ΔT tiap effect:

ΔT 1 =

ΔT 1 =oC =

ΔT 2 =oC =

"Temperatur tiap effect": effect 1: T

1 =T

S1 - ΔT

1

oC

TS1

=

oC effect 2: T

2 =T

1 - BPR

1-ΔT

2

oC

bcamp

KxWxBM

xW

kg 1000

2

1

U/1U/1

U/1T

21

1available

99.0614

* step 3 T referensi: " Kapasitas panas " 25 298.15

A B

276,370.0000 -2,090.1000 T

NaOH 0.1210 0.0163 T Cp Campuran:

pada Umpan evaporator: Cp mix = 3.1344 kJ/kg.K

Cp mix =2.7430 kJ/kg.K


" Entalpi ":

2,686.8552 kJ/kg

2,203.3000 kJ/kg

Cpf.(Tf-0)243.1565 kJ/kg

220.9957342685 kJ/kg Dimana, pada effect1:

105.5672

99.0614

95.0000 2,668.1000 397.960099.0614 2,674.5983 415.0830100.0000 2,676.1000 419.0400

120.0000

105.0000 2,683.8000 440.1500120.0000 2,706.9000 503.6000110.0000 2,691.5000 461.3000

BPR1 = 6.5058

Effect 2 :

2616.3053891201 kJ/kg

TS2

=

T1 - BPR

1

oC

H2O

pada (L1):

pada (L2):

Effect 1 : * Hv

1 = H


s2) + 1,884 . BPR1

Hv1 =

* λs1 = Hs1 (vapor saturation entalphy) - hs1 (liquid entalphy at Ts1

λs1

=

* hf =

* hL1

= hf2 = Cp.(T

1-0)

T1 = oC

TS2 = oC H

s2 pada T

s2: Data entalpi saturated steam :


s (kJ/kg)

TS1

= oC H

s1 pada T



s (kJ/kg)

oC

* Hv2 = H


s3) + 1,884 . BPR2

Hv2 =

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

2271.7723 kJ/kg

220.9957342685 kJ/kg

71.6403168845 kJ/kg

62.9795

52.0000

Data entalpi saturated steam :Suhu (oC) Hs (kJ/kg) hs (kJ/kg)

50 2592.1 209.3352.0000 2595.6200 217.7300

55 2600.9 230.33

BPR2 = 10.9795

99.0614

2674.5983 kJ/kg

415.0830 kJ/kg

F = V1 + L1 = 24354.4759 L1 = F- V1 = 24354.4759 - V1 L1 = L2 + V2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………pers2 V2 = V - V1 = 13,227.6387 - V1

5921949.15882877 + 2,203.3000 S = (

5921949.15882877 + 2,203.3000 S =

2,203.3000 S =


24,354.4759 - 220.9957

5,382,235.2894 -220.9957 220.99572,616.3054 V1 =

V1 =


Pers.2 1,752.5114 kg/jam Pers.4 S = 12,597.6206 kg/jam

Pers.2 12,879.3487 kg/jam

* step 4

* λs2

= Hv1

- hs2

(liquid entalphy at Ts2)

λs2

=

* hf 2 =

* hL2

= hf3 = Cp.(T

2-0)


T2 = oC

TS3

= oC H

s3 pada T

s3:

oC

TS2

= oC H

s2 pada T

s2:

hs2

pada Ts2

:

"Neraca Energy di tiap effect": effect 1: F . Hf + S . λs1 = L1 . H

L1 + V1 . H

v1

effect 2: L1 . HL1 + V1 . λs2 = L2 . H

L2 + V2 . H

v2

V1) .

V1 +

V2 =

L1 =


1 = S . λs

1

= 7,710,093.7454 W

= 188.1576

= 7,949,701.4490 W

= 194.0050

Area rata" = 191.0813 0.0306

Jika perbedaan masing-masing area terhadap area rata-rata kurang dari 10% maka perhitungan selesai. (Geankoplis, 1993 : 509). Karena perbedaan masing-masing area terhadap area rata-rata adalah 9,28% maka perhitungan selesai.Karena perbedaan masing-masing area terhadap area rata-rata adalah 3,06% maka perhitungan selesai.


Neraca Panas di evaporator:a. Panas Masuk: - Umpan: Qf = 4,884,935.0209 kJ/jam - Steam:

S . λ127,756,337.4836 kJ/jam

b. Panas Keluar: - Uap:

4,585,105.1421 kJ/jam

- Kondensat:

120.0000

503.6000 kJ/kg

99.0614

415.0830 kJ/kg maka:

11,107,291.4051 kJ/jam

- Produk (cairan):

62.9795 C 336.1295

komposisi BM (kmol/jam)

NaOH 39.9970 8,122.5912 203.0800

18.0160 3,004.2461 166.7543Total 58.0130 11,126.8373 369.8343

Neraca Panas Total:

32,641,272.5045 = 16,508,721.3875Qlingkungan = 16,132,551.1170

A1 = Q

1 / (U

1 . ΔT

1)

m2

Q2 = S . λs

2

A2 = Q

2 / (U

2 . ΔT

2)

m2

m2


QSin

=

QVout

= V2 . H

V2

Pada Ts1 =

oC Q

c1 =

Pada Ts2

= oC Q

c2 =

Qc total

= (S.hc1

) + (V1.h

c2)

QL2

= L2 ∫Cp.dT

L2 (kg/jam)

H2O

Hf + H

S = H

V2 out + H

L2 + h

C total + Q

ling

Masuk kJ/jam KeluarPanas umpan masuk 4,884,935.0209 Panas larutan keluarPana uap masuk 27,756,337.4836 Panas Uap Keluar

Panas KondensatPanas ke lingkungan

Total 32,641,272.5045

11.Crystallizer-301 (CR-301)

♥ QumpanQin = 816,324.8403 kJ/jam 194975.838430245

62.9795 C = 336.1295

♥ Qkristalisasikristalisasi dilakukan dengan proses pendinginan pada T=40 oCKristal yang terbentuk adalah monokristal NaOH.1H2O Komponen BMNaOH 39.9970H2O 18.0160NaOH.1H2O 58.0130Kristal yang terbentuk = 6,214.8924 kg/jam 107.1293

Panas kristalisasi = - Panas Kelarutan Panas Kelarutan NaOH.= 5.1700 K.Cal/g.mol

21,631.2561 KJ/kmolPanas Kristalisasi = -21,631.2561 kJ/kmol

Q Kristalisasi NaOHk = -2,317,341.4512 kJ/jam

♥ QkeluarAliran 26Q26Tkeluar 40.0000 C 313.1500


kg/jam kmol jamNaOH k 39.9970 6,214.8924 155.3840NaOH nk 39.9970 1,907.6988 47.6960

18.0160 3,004.2461 166.754311,126.8373 369.8343

Qout = 317,707.7750 kJ/jam

Menghitung jumlah air pendingin yang digunakan(Q masuk + Q pendingin) - Q kristalisasi = Q keluar sehingga,

Qpendinginan = 1,818,724.3859 kJ/jam

Tin =

H2O

Q25

Pendingin yang digunakan adalah air AirPendingin masuk:

T = 30.0000

303.1500 K

Cp air Pendingin: A B C

1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250 3,672,195.5495

5,527,400.0000 -12,881,286.3000 15,435,835.3229

m cooling water =kg/jam

kg/jam m cooling water = 1,611.0485 kmol/jam kg/jam m cooling water = 29,024.6499 kg/jam (gx jd dipake)

Neraca Panas Total di CrystallizerPanas Aliran Panas Masuk Panas Konsumsi Panas Keluar

kj/jam kJ/jam kJ/jamQ26 816,324.8403 0.0000 0.0000Q27 0.0000 0.0000 317,707.7750Qkristalisasi 0.0000 -2,317,341.4512 0.0000Qpendinginan 938,353.5951 0.0000 3,754,312.1116Total 1,754,678.4354 -2,317,341.4512 4,072,019.8866

4,072,019.8866

12.Centrifuse-301 (CF-301)

Q26

♥ Qumpan

317,707.7750 kJ/jam

40.0000 C = 313.1500




18.0160 60.0849 3.33516,313.1313 159.6730

317,707.7750 kJ/jam

oC

H2O pada 30 oC

H2O pada 45 oC

Qin (Q26

) =

Tin =

H2O

Total Qout =

RDVF- 201

Q27

Q26

dT Cp

Q

OH2


Tin = 40.0000 C

= 313.1500 K

♥ Qumpan (recycle NAOH)

* Aliran 30 masuk

* Qin = Q30

kJ/jam

Tkeluar 40.0000 C 313.1500


kg/jam kmol jam

NaOHn k 39.9970 1,869.5448 46.7421

18.0160 2,944.1611 163.4192

4,813.7059 210.1614

214,350.6626 kJ/jam

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 16a keluar

Q16aTkeluar 102.5767 C 375.7267


kg/jam kmol jam

NaOHn k 39.9970 1,869.5448 46.7421

18.0160 2,944.1611 163.4192

4,813.7059 210.1614

* Qout= Q31

1,126,211.3410 kJ/jam


= 911,860.6784 kJ/jam

Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg (sumber: Geankoplis, Tabel A.2-9)

H2O

Total Qin =

H2O



Q16

Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

= 579.8464 kg/jam

= m x Hv

1,203,935.1176 kj/jam

= m x Hl

292,074.4392 kj/jam



Keterangan kJ/jam Keterangan kJ/jam

Q30 214,350.6626 Q31 1,126,211.3410

Qs in 1,203,935.1176 Qs out 292,074.4392

Total 1,418,285.7802 Total 1,418,285.7802

λsteam

=


steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:

x0.3335 8,122.5912 0.730.6665 3,004.24611.0000 11,126.8373

K

K

+

+

kg/jam

+

+ 17,740.6566

+

+

kg/jam

+

dengan menjaga agar tercapai keadaan tidak lewat jenuh sehingga tidak terjadi pembentukan kristal

Asumsi di evaporator yang menguap hanyalah air, sehingga jumlah zat yang lainnya selalu tetap disetiap effect. karena kandungan air yang harus diuapkan lebih dari 50% kandungan air total, dengan aliran umpan forward

L1

L1

L1 . X

L1

XL1

L2

L2

L2 . XL2

+ 11,126.8373

43.7104632996

51.7631106243

120.0000 C dan tekanan 198.53

K = 248

325.15 K = 125.6

1/U

2,839.1500 0.0004

1,135.6600 0.0009

F = 14.4328 K

F = 36.0819 K

XL2

oC/kmol

oFoF

oF

oC =

oF


W/m2 K

U/1U/1

U/1T

21

1available

KC D

8.1250 -0.0141

1.9480

T2 T3

T-2


OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

………………………… …………………………….pers.1……………………………………………………………………………………………pers2

……………………………………………………….pers.3

24354.4759 - 220.9957342685

5382235.28943173 -220.9957342685 2,686.8552

2,465.8595 -539713.869397042 ………...pers.4

+ 220.9957 797,130.1474

= 797,130.1474 +30,022,437.1736

11,475.1272 kg/jam

V1) .

V1 +

V1

V1 =

V1


N.P per effect Masuk Keluar4,884,935.0209 30832005.5177232

2846281.124712427,756,337.483632,641,272.5045 33,678,286.6424

K Tref 25.0000

A B C D

4.5955 196.5231 0.0007 0.0000

10,496,396.0462 -25,174,859.7200 31,073,686.2714 -17,161,978.1281

Neraca Massa di Evaporator 1

+ Qling NaOHH2O


kJ/jam Neraca Massa di Evaporator 2816,324.8403

4,585,105.1421 NaOH11,107,291.4051 H2O16,132,551.117032,641,272.5045 Balance!!!

kCal/jam

K

kmol/jam

(Perry's) 553,858.5109 kCal/jam

2,317,341.4512

K Tref 25.0000 C

A B C D

1.8150 74.8048 0.0003 0.00001.8150 74.8048 0.0003 0.0000

4,145,550.0000 -9,582,585.9750 11,388,081.9609 -6,049,751.3091

CR- 301

Qref 0ut

Qref in

Q26

298.1500

AirPendingin keluar:

45.0000

318.1500 K

D E Cp.dt (kJ/kmol)

-1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

-8,269,614.8430 1,693,311.1484 1,505.6453 12

Massa Pendingin 44,886.5628 kgQpendingin masuk 938353.5951Qpendingin kieluar 3754312.1116 yang bener !!

4,692,665.70670.0000

K

K Tref 25.0000 CAliran 28

A Bkg/jam kmol jam0.0000 0.0000 1.8150 74.8048

1,869.5448 46.7421 1.8150 74.8048

2,944.1611 163.4192 4,145,550.0000 -9,582,585.97504,813.7059 210.1614

oC

RDVF- 201

Q27

Q28

Tout =

K Tref 25.0000 C

A B C D

1.8150 74.8048 0.0003 0.0000

4,145,550.0000 -9,582,585.9750 11,388,081.9609 -6,049,751.3091

K Tref 25.0000 C

A B C D

9.3868 426.4766 0.0013 0.0000

21,439,863.5985 -54,632,189.8080 71,873,637.2538 -42,443,556.8595


Qsteam out


E-333 Q16a

Qsteam in

kPa

oF

BM Cp (kJ/kmol/K) kJ/kg.KE

0.00000937 18.0160 75.38 4.1843

39.9970 41.4506 1.0363

T4

+ 2,686.8552

+ ( 13,227.6387 -

34,607,542.3157 - 2,616.3054

V1

V1

V1) .

V1


298.1500

E ∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

0.0000 1,672.1067 339,571.4398

3,625,772.0995 2,859.0166 476,753.40064,531.1232 816,324.8403

F L1 XL V8,122.5912 8,122.5912 0.6306678532 0.0000

16,231.8847 4,756.7575 0.3693321468 11,475.127212,879.3487 1 11,475.1272

QL2

(KJ/jam)

F2 L2 XL V8,122.5912 8,122.5912 0.73 0.00004,756.7575 3,004.2461 0.27 1,752.5114

11,126.8373 1 1,752.5114

298.1500 K

E ∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

0.0000 637.0195 98,982.60920.0000 637.0195 30,383.3101

1,228,162.3670 1,129.4570 188,341.8558317,707.7750


Q26

(KJ/jam)

t1

Fluida Panas (T) Fluida Dingin (t) ∆t2= T1-t2 ∆t2-∆t1

145.3631 86.0000 32.3631 18.0000 14.3631104.0000 113.0000

∆T LMTD = 24.4834

298.1500 K

C D E ∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 637.0195 98,982.60920.0003 0.0000 0.0000 637.0195 607.6662

11,388,081.9609 -6,049,751.3091 1,228,162.3670 1,129.4570 3,766.8371103,357.1125

∆t1 = T2-t1

Q27

(KJ/jam)

CR- 301

t2

T2T1

Q24

102.5767 C

375.7267 K

298.1500 K

E∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

0.0000 637.0195 29,775.6439

1,228,162.3670 1,129.4570 184,575.0187

214,350.6626

298.1500 K

E∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

0.0000 3,623.7796 169,383.1621

9,617,297.7820 5,855.0520 956,828.1789

1,126,211.3410

Q30

(KJ/jam)

Q31 (KJ/jam)

2,616.3054

∆t2/∆t1

1.7979505902

0.000029,775.6439

184,575.0187214,350.6626

Q28

(KJ/jam)

EVAPORATOR-301 (EV-301)

Fungsi : Tipe :

Diketahui:Komposisi umpan masuk Evaporator:Komponen BM kg/jam kmol/jamNaOH 39.9970 8,122.5912 203.0800H2O 18.0160 16,231.8847 900.9705

24,354.4759 1,104.0505

F = 24,354.4759 kg/jam

Tf = 102.5767 375.7267Steam:

Ts = 120.0000 393.1500

Air yang ingin diuapkan:V = 13,227.6387 kg/jam


Trial I* step 1 Asumsi bahwa air yang teruapkan sama untuk setiap effect maka:

6,613.8193 kg/jam


Total: =

24,354.4759 = 6,613.8193


=

8,122.5912 = 0.0000

= 0.4579

effect 2:

Total: =

17,740.6566 = 6,613.8193


=

memekatkan larutan NaOH keluaran RE-201 + recycle dengan menjaga agar tercapai keadaan tidak lewat jenuh sehingga tidak terjadi pembentukan kristalVertikal LongTube Forward feed Double effect Evaporator

oC

oC

Asumsi di evaporator yang menguap hanyalah air, sehingga jumlah zat yang lainnya selalu tetap disetiap effectEvaporator yang digunakan adalah double effect evaporator karena kandungan air yang harus diuapkan lebih dari 50% kandungan air total, dengan aliran umpan forward

V1 = V

2 =

F1 V

1

L1

F1 . X

F1V

1 . X

V1

XL1

F2 V

2

L2

F2 . XF2 V2 . XV2

8,122.5912 = 0.0000

= 0.7300

* step 2

BPR = m x Kb Dimana: m =

BM Campuran selain air = massa zat selain air/mol zat selain air= 39.997 kg/kmol


Maka:

6.5058 =

10.9795 =

120.0000 393.1500 Ditetapkan:

51.67

Maka: T2 62.6495

= 50.8447 123.5204

Dipilih:

500 =

200 =

14.5271 14.5271

36.3176 36.3176

= 105.4729

120.0000

= 62.6495

XL2

"Menghitung BPR":


W2 = massa pelarut

BPR1 = oC

BPR2 = oC

" Menghitung Temperatur tiap effect": Steam yang digunakan adalah steam dengan suhu =

sehingga, Ts1

= oC =

Suhu kondensasi steam tersaturasi pada effect 2 (Ts2

) =

∑ ΔTavailable

= TS1

– Ts2

– (BPR1 + BPR

2 )

oC =


U1 = Btu.h.ft2.oF

U2 = Btu.h.ft2.oF

ΔT tiap effect:

ΔT 1 =

ΔT 1 =

oC =

ΔT 2 =

oC =

"Temperatur tiap effect": effect 1: T

1 =T

S1 - ΔT

1

oC

TS1

=

oC effect 2: T

2 =T

1 - BPR

1-ΔT

2

oC

bcamp

KxWxBM

xW

kg 1000

2

1

U/1U/1

U/1T

21

1available

98.9671

* step 3 T referensi: " Kapasitas panas " 25 298.15

A B

276,370.0000 -2,090.1000 T

NaOH 0.1210 0.0163 T Cp Campuran:

pada Umpan evaporator: Cp mix = 3.1344 kJ/kg.K



" Entalpi ":

2,686.7044 kJ/kg

2,203.3000 kJ/kg

Cpf.(Tf-Tref)243.1565 kJ/kg

220.7371087748 kJ/kg Dimana, pada effect1:

105.4729

98.9671

95.0000 2,668.1000 397.960098.9671 2,674.4474 414.6854100.0000 2,676.1000 419.0400

120.0000

105.0000 2,683.8000 440.1500120.0000 2,706.9000 503.6000110.0000 2,691.5000 461.3000

BPR1 = 6.5058

Effect 2 :

2615.7245891201 kJ/kg

TS2

=

T1 - BPR

1

oC

H2O

pada (L1):

pada (L2):

Effect 1 : * Hv

1 = H


s2) + 1,884 . BPR1

Hv1 =

* λs1 = Hs1 (vapor saturation entalphy) - hs1 (liquid entalphy at Ts1

λs1

=

* hf =

* hL1

= hf2 = Cp.(T

1-Tref)

T1 = oC

TS2 = oC H

s2 pada T



s (kJ/kg)

TS1

= oC H

s1 pada T



s (kJ/kg)

oC

* Hv2 = H


s3) + 1,884 . BPR2

Hv2 =

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

2272.0189 kJ/kg

220.7371087748 kJ/kg

71.0178415782 kJ/kg

62.6495

51.6700

Data entalpi saturated steam :Suhu (oC) Hs (kJ/kg) hs (kJ/kg)

50 2592.1 209.3351.6700 2595.0392 216.3440

55 2600.9 230.33

BPR2 = 10.9795

98.9671

2674.4474 kJ/kg

414.6854 kJ/kg

F = V1 + L1 = 24354.4759 L1 = F- V1 = 24354.4759 - V1 L1 = L2 + V2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………pers2 V2 = V - V1 = 13,227.6387 - V1

5921949.15882877 + 2,203.3000 S = (

5921949.15882877 + 2,203.3000 S =

2,203.3000 S =


24,354.4759 - 220.7371

5,375,936.6011 -220.7371 220.73712,615.7246 V1 =

V1 =


Pers.2 1,753.1405 kg/jam Pers.4 S = 12,594.6191 kg/jam

Pers.2 12,879.9777 kg/jam

* step 4

* λs2

= Hv1

- hs2


λs2

=

* hf 2 =

* hL2

= hf3 = Cp.(T

2-0)


T2 = oC

TS3

= oC H

s3 pada T

s3:

oC

TS2

= oC H

s2 pada T

s2:

hs2

pada Ts2

:

"Neraca Energy di tiap effect": effect 1: F . Hf + S . λs1 = L1 . H

L1 + V1 . H

v1

effect 2: L1 . HL1 + V1 . λs2 = L2 . H

L2 + V2 . H

v2

V1) .

V1 +

V2 =

L1 =


1 = S . λs

1

= 7,708,256.7500 W

Perbedaan tiap luas effect thd Arata"

= 186.8918 0.0312

= 7,241,743.6261 W

= 175.5809 0.0312

Area rata" = 181.2364 -0.0624



Neraca Panas di evaporator:a. Panas Masuk: - Umpan: Sf = 4,884,935.0209 kJ/jam - Steam:

S . λ127,749,724.2999 kJ/jam

b. Panas Keluar: - Uap:

4,585,732.6351 kJ/jam

- Kondensat:

120.0000

503.6000 kJ/kg

98.9671

414.6854 kJ/kg maka:

11,100,957.5463 kJ/jam

- Produk (cairan):

62.6495 C 335.7995

komposisi BM (kmol/jam)

NaOH 39.9970 8,122.5912 203.0800

18.0160 3,004.2461 166.7543Total 58.0130 11,126.8373 369.8343

Neraca Panas Total:

32,634,659.3208 = 16,495,747.5270Qlingkungan = 16,138,911.7938

A1 = Q

1 / (U

1 . ΔT

1)

m2

Q2 = V1 . λs

2

A2 = Q

2 / (U

2 . ΔT

2)

m2

m2


QSin

=

QVout

= V2 . H

V2

Pada Ts1 =

oC Q

c1 =

Pada Ts2

= oC Q

c2 =

Qc total

= (S.hc1

) + (V1.h

c2)

QL2

= L2 ∫Cp.dT

L2 (kg/jam)

H2O

Hf + H

S = H

V2 out + H

L2 + h

C total + Q

ling

Masuk kJ/jam KeluarPanas umpan masuk 4,884,935.0209 Panas larutan keluarPana uap masuk 27,749,724.2999 Panas Uap Keluar

Panas KondensatPanas ke lingkungan

Total 32,634,659.3208

11.Crystallizer-301 (CR-301)

♥ QumpanQin = 809,057.3455 kJ/jam 193240.027108591

62.6495 C = 335.7995

♥ Qkristalisasikristalisasi dilakukan dengan proses pendinginan pada T=40 oCKristal yang terbentuk adalah monokristal NaOH.1H2O Komponen BMNaOH 39.9970H2O 18.0160NaOH.1H2O 58.0130Kristal yang terbentuk = 6,214.8924 kg/jam 107.1293

Panas kristalisasi = - Panas Kelarutan Panas Kelarutan NaOH.1H2O = 10.1800 K.Cal/g.mol

42,593.0730 KJ/kmolPanas Kristalisasi = -42,593.0730 kJ/kmol

Q Kristalisasi NaOHk = -4,562,966.3391 kJ/jam

♥ QkeluarAliran 26Q26Tkeluar 40.0000 C 313.1500


kg/jam kmol jamNaOH k 39.9970 6,214.8924 155.3840NaOH nk 39.9970 1,907.6988 47.6960

18.0160 3,004.2461 166.754311,126.8373 369.8343

Qout = 317,707.7750 kJ/jam

Menghitung jumlah air pendingin yang digunakan(Q masuk + Q pendingin) + Q kristalisasi = Q keluar sehingga,

Qpendinginan = 4,071,616.7686 kJ/jam

Tin =

H2O

Q25

Pendingin yang digunakan adalah air AirPendingin masuk:

T = 30.0000

303.1500 K

Cp air Pendingin: A B C

1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250 3,672,195.5495

5,527,400.0000 -12,881,286.3000 15,435,835.3229

m cooling water =kg/jam

kg/jam m cooling water = 3,606.6884 kmol/jam kg/jam m cooling water = 64,978.0978 kg/jam

Neraca Panas Total di CrystallizerPanas Aliran Panas Masuk Panas Generasi Panas Keluar

kj/jam kJ/jam kJ/jamQ26 809057.3455 0.0000 0.0000Q27 0.0000 0.0000 317707.7750Qkristalisasi 0.0000 -4562966.3391 0.0000Qpendinginan 4071616.7686 0.0000 0.0000Total 4880674.1141 -4562966.3391 317707.7750

317707.7750

12.Centrifuse-301 (CF-301)

Q26

♥ Qumpan

317,707.7750 kJ/jam

40.0000 C = 313.1500




18.0160 60.0849 3.33516,313.1313 159.6730

317,707.7750 kJ/jam

oC

H2O pada 30 oC

H2O pada 45 oC

Qin (Q26

) =

Tin =

H2O

Total Qout =

RDVF- 201

Q27

Q26

dT Cp

Q

OH2

x0.3335 8,122.5912 0.730.6665 3,004.24611.0000 11,126.8373

K

K

+

+

kg/jam

+

+ 17,740.6566

+

+

kg/jam

+

dengan menjaga agar tercapai keadaan tidak lewat jenuh sehingga tidak terjadi pembentukan kristal

Asumsi di evaporator yang menguap hanyalah air, sehingga jumlah zat yang lainnya selalu tetap disetiap effect. karena kandungan air yang harus diuapkan lebih dari 50% kandungan air total, dengan aliran umpan forward

L1

L1

L1 . X

L1

XL1

L2

L2

L2 . XL2

+ 11,126.8373

43.7104632996

51.7631106243


K = 248

324.82 K = 125.006

1/U

2,839.1500 0.0004

1,135.6600 0.0009

F = 14.5271 K

F = 36.3176 K

XL2

oC/kmol

oFoF

oF

oC = oFoC =

oF


U/1U/1

U/1T

21

1available

KC D E

8.1250 -0.0141 0.00000937

1.9480

T2 T3

T-2


OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

OHNaOH CpxCpx2

).().(

………………………… …………………………….pers.1……………………………………………………………………………………………pers2

……………………………………………………….pers.3

24354.4759 - 220.7371087748 +

5375936.60107172 -220.7371087748 2,686.7044

2,465.9673 -546012.557757051 ………...pers.4

+ 220.7371 790,203.9659 +

= 790,203.9659 + 34,599,859.703230,014,127.0680

11,474.4982 kg/jam

V1 11,474.4982L1 12,879.9777

33,671,673.4587 33,671,673.4587

V1) .

V1 + V

1

V1

V1 =

V1

Perbedaan tiap luas effect thd Arata"


K Tref 25.0000 298.1500

A B C D E

4.5556 194.7142 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000

10,405,193.9462 -24,943,133.9135 30,771,047.7969 -16,985,331.2826 3,586,377.9286

+ Qling


kJ/jam809,057.3455

4,585,732.635111,100,957.546316,138,911.793832,634,659.3208 Balance!!!

kCal/jam

K

kmol/jam

(Perry's) 1,090,576.3328 kCal/jam

K Tref 25.0000 C 298.1500

A B C D E

1.8150 74.8048 0.0003 0.0000 0.00001.8150 74.8048 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000

4,145,550.0000 -9,582,585.9750 11,388,081.9609 -6,049,751.3091 1,228,162.3670


CR- 301

Qref 0ut

Qref in

Q26

298.1500

AirPendingin keluar:

45.0000

318.1500 K

D E Cp.dt (kJ/kmol)

-1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380 Fluida Panas (T)

-8,269,614.8430 1,693,311.1484 1,505.6453 1 144.76912 104.0000

∆T LMTD

K

K Tref 25.0000 C 298.1500Aliran 28

A B Ckg/jam kmol jam0.0000 0.0000 1.8150 74.8048 0.0003

1,869.5448 46.7421 1.8150 74.8048 0.0003

2,944.1611 163.4192 4,145,550.0000 -9,582,585.9750 11,388,081.96094,813.7059 210.1614

oC

T1

Q24

RDVF- 201

Q27

Q28

BM Cp (kJ/kmol/K)kJ/kg.K

18.0160 75.38 4.1843

39.9970 41.4506 1.0363

T4

2,686.7044

( 13,227.6387 - 2,615.7246

- 2,615.7246

V1

V1) .

V1


∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

1,656.7352 336,449.8067

2,834.1545 472,607.53884,490.8897 809,057.3455

QL2

(KJ/jam)

K

∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

637.0195 98,982.6092637.0195 30,383.3101

1,129.4570 188,341.8558317,707.7750

Q26

(KJ/jam)

t1

Fluida Dingin (t) ∆t2= T1-t2 ∆t2-∆t1 ∆t2/∆t1

86.0000 31.7691 18.0000 13.7691 1.7649505902113.0000

= 24.2362

K

D E ∫Cp.dT (kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 637.0195 98,982.6092 0.00000.0000 0.0000 637.0195 607.6662 29,775.6439

-6,049,751.3091 1,228,162.3670 1,129.4570 3,766.8371 184,575.0187103,357.1125 214,350.6626

∆t1 = T2-t1

Q27

(KJ/jam) Q28

(KJ/jam)

CR- 301

t2

T2

Neraca Panas


Komponen A

NaCl (s) 10.7900

276,370.0000

8.2200

18.5200

17.3000

26.7000

16.9000

NaOH (s) 0.1210

28.9000

18.2000

19.6800

32.8000

HCl (g) 6.7000

139.1000

6.6200

8.2800


Di mana 1 cal/mol.K = 4.1840 R = 8.3140

Neraca Energi:{(Energi masuk ) – (Energi keluar) + (Generasi energi) – (Konsumsi energi)} = {Akumulasi energi} (Himmelblau,ed.6,1996)


Entalpi

satuan:

H2O (l)

H2O (g)

CaSO4(s)

MgCl2 (s)

MgSO4 (s)

CaCl2 (s)

Na2CO

3 (s)

Mg(OH)2 (s)

CaCO3 (s)

Na2SO

4 (s)

H2SO

4(l)

H2 (g)

Cl2 (g)

Cl2(l)

Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4


Q =Σ m . ∆H Q = Σ m Cp dT

pT

HCp

TCpH .

TCpHT

Tref

.

∆H = perubahan entalpiCp = kapasitas panas kJ/kmol.Km = massa kmol/jamdT = perubahan temperatur K

25.0000


1. Tangki Pencampuran-101 (MT-101)

Tin = 30.0000 C

= 303.1500 K

♥ Qumpan


Q1 30.0000 C


NaCl 97.4600 58.4430

0.4090 136.1400

0.0070 95.2180

0.0400 120.3600

1.3610 18.0160

0.7230 110.9900

Total 100.0000


T masuk 30.0000 C


100.0000 18.0160

Total 100.0000


601,915.0210

T ref

= oC

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

H2O

* Q pelarutan atau

Q solution

(Q s ):



NaCl 58.4430 154.5990

136.1400 0.2785

95.2180 0.0068

120.3600 0.0308

110.9900 0.6039

Qs = tanda - berarti menghasilkan panas..(tergenerasi)

Qs = tanda + berarti mmbutuhkan panas (konsumsi)


Qout = Qin + Qs = 1,332,759.5080

♥ Qkeluar


Tkeluar = 36.0749 C


NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

Qout = 1,332,759.5080

0.0000


Tin = 36.0749 C

= 309.2249 K

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 3 masuk

Q3T masuk 36.0749 C

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

* Qin = Q3

1,332,759.5080

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 3a keluar

Q3aTkeluar 60.0000 C

Komponen BMKeluar

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

* Qout= Q3a

4,210,997.4613


= 2,878,237.9532 kJ/jam

Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2



Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

1,830.2532 kg/jam

= m x Hv

3,800,154.8161 kj/jam

= m x Hl

921,916.8629 kj/jam




Q3 1,332,759.5080 Q3a

Qs in 3,800,154.8161 Qs out

Total 5,132,914.3242 Total

3. Reaktor-101(R-101)

Tin = 60.0000

= 333.1500

♥ Qumpan* Aliran 3a masuk

T masuk 60.0000 C =

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

λsteam

=


steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Total 26,901.7034

Q4

T masuk 30.0000 C


105.9900 118.4889

18.0160 355.4668

Total 473.9557

* Aliran 5 NaOH

Q5 0.0000

Tmasuk 30.0000 C


NaOH 39.9970 34.2114

18.0160 34.2114

Total 68.4229


4,220,000.7482


reaksi 1 +

reaksi 0.2451

reaksi 2 +

reaksi 0.5314

reaksi 3 +

reaksi 0.0055

reaksi 4 +

reaksi 0.0246



* Aliran 4 Na2CO

3

Na2CO

3

H2O

H2O

CaSO4

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4

oodukreak si


1 0.2451

0.2451

0.2451

0.2451

2 0.5314

0.5314

0.5314

2NaCl 1.0629

3 0.0055

2 NaOH 0.0109

0.0055

2NaCl 0.0109

4 0.0246

2 NaOH 0.0493

0.0246

0.0246

Total



Komponen BMKeluar

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,588.6126

Neraca Panas di R-101:


4,288,174.7033


CaSO4

Na2CO

3

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

CaCO3

MgCl2

Mg(OH)2

MgSO4

Mg(OH)2

Na2SO

4

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi,298


4. Sand Filter-101(SF101)

Tin = 60.1171

= 333.2671



Komponen BMKeluar

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,588.6126

* Total Qin= Q6

4,288,174.7033

Neraca Panas di SF-101:

Qout = Qin

= 4,288,174.7033




CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

Komponen BM

Keluar

Aliran 7 (padatan)

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 0.0000

136.1400 0.0000

95.2180 0.0000

120.3600 0.0000

18.0160 0.0000

110.9900 0.0000

105.9900 0.0000

NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 0.0000

Total79.4784

5.Cation Exchanger-101(CE101)Tin = 60.1171

= 333.2671

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 8 masuk

Q8

T masuk 60.1171 C

Komponen BMAliran 8

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,509.1342

* Aliran 10 masuk

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

T masuk 30.0000 C

Komponen BM kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 13.2567

18.0160 119.3100

Total 132.5667


4,288,325.8561

♥ Qreaksi


Reaksi 1 +

Reaksi 0.0334

Reaksi 2 +

Reaksi 0.0014

Reaksi 3 +

Reaksi 0.0062

Reaksi 4 +

Reaksi 0.0725



1 0.0334

2NaCl 0.0668

0.0334

0.0334

2 0.0014

2NaCl 0.0027

2NaCl 0.0027

0.0014

3 0.0062

2NaCl 0.0123

0.0062

0.0062

H2O


CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

CaSO4

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4

Na2SO

4

MgCl2

oodukreak si


4 0.0725

2NaCl 0.1449

2NaCl 0.1449

0.0725

Total



4,285,368.3707

♥ Qkeluar

Q9 dan Q8

Tkeluar 59.9677 C

Komponen BMAliran 9

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,106.6152

136.1400 0.0000

95.2180 0.0000

120.3600 0.0000

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 0.0000

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 43.9367

Total36,509.9217

Qout = 4,285,368.3707

0.0000

6.Anion Exchanger-101(AE101)Tin = 59.9677

= 333.1177

CaCl2

CaCl2

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin



CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

♥ Qmasuk

* Aliran 9 masuk

Q9

T masuk 59.9677 C

Komponen BMAliran 9

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,106.6152

18.0160 27,291.3816

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 43.9367

Total 36,509.9217

Q13

T masuk 30.0000 C

Komponen BM kg/jam

NaCl 59.9677 76.0604

18.0160 684.5433

Total 760.6036


4,282,270.5573

♥ Qreaksi


Reaksi 1 +

Reaksi 0.3414

Reaksi 2 +

Reaksi 0.3093



1 0.3414

2NaCl 0.6828

2NaCl 0.3414

H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4


H2O


Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2CO

3

oodukreak si


0.6828

2 0.3093

2NaCl 0.6187

2NaCl 0.3093

0.6187

Total



3,735,677.5164

♥ Qkeluar

Q12 dan Q14

Tkeluar 54.8950 C


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,182.6756

18.0160 27,291.3816

105.9900 0.0000

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 0.0000

Total 36,505.8608

Qout = 3,735,677.5160

0.0004

7.Tangki Pengasaman-102 (MT-102)

Tin = 54.8950

= 328.0450

* Aliran 12 masuk


Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin



H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO4

♥ Qumpan


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,182.6756

18.0160 27,291.3816

NaOH 105.9900 31.8036

Total

* Aliran 15 masuk



kg/jam

HCl 36.4610 30.1482

18.0160 64.0649

Total


3,648,490.1567



NaOH +

Reaksi 0.7951



NaOH 0.7951

HCl 0.7951

NaCl 0.7951

0.7951



H2O

H2O

H2O

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi

oodukreak si


3,790,758.2735

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 16 keluar

Q16

Tkeluar 55.9824 C


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

NaOH 105.9900 0.0000

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total

Qout = 3,790,758.2735

0.0000


Tin = 55.9824 C

= 329.1324 K

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 16 masuk


Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 36,600.0748

* Qin = Q16

3,790,758.2735

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 16a keluar

Q16a

H2O

H2O

Tkeluar 90.0000 C

Komponen BMkeluar

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 36,600.0748

* Qout= Q16a

7,967,354.1509


= 4,176,595.8774 kJ/jam

Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg

Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

2,655.8708 kg/jam

= m x Hv

5,514,384.5632 kj/jam

= m x Hl

1,337,788.6858 kj/jam




Q16 3,790,758.2735 Q16a

Qs in 5,514,384.5632 Qs out

Total 9,305,142.8368 Total

9.Reaktor elektrolisis-102(RE-102)

H2O



λsteam

=


steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:

Tin = 90.0000 C

= 363.1500 K

♥ Qmasuk

* Aliran 16a masuk

Q16aTmasuk 90.0000 C

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total

* Aliran 17 masuk

Q17Tmasuk 90.0000 C


18.0160 29,540.2047

Total 29,540.2047

* Qin = Q16a + Q17

16,001,939.2168

♥ Qreaksi



di Anoda:

di Anoda: NaCl

di Katoda:

Katoda dan anoda:

Reaksi Total NaCl

156.3379


H2O

H2O

H2O + e-

Na+





Dimana:



G =




Dimana:





Dimana:



a. arus yang mengalir di anoda (kutub +)

Reaksi di anoda: NaCl

156.3379

maka:

- Arus di anoda (I) =


I =

=

b. arus yang mengalir di anoda (kutub -)


- massa Na+ yang dilepaskan =

Reaksi di katoda:

156.3379

maka:

- Arus di katoda (I) =


I =

=

'Dari Hukum Kirchoff I: " arus yang masuk (mengalir di kutub +) sama dengan arus yang keluar (yang mengalir di kutub -)

I =

=

w =

Diambil v 3.8359

w =

Qreaksi =

♥ Qkeluar


Q20 dan Q21

Tkeluar 90.0000 C

Komponen BM Keluar

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 92.2915

18.0160 26,140.1111

NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 26,233.5589

H2O + e-

- massa OH- yang dilepaskan =

Sehingga, Arus yang harus disuplay di sell elektrolisis ini adalah:




H2O


Q18 dan Q19

Tkeluar 90.0000 C

Komponen BM Keluar

Aliran 18

kg/jam

18.0160 12,214.3359

70.9040 5,542.4907

2.0158 0.0000

Total 17,756.8266



H2O

Cl2

H2

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi

Qout

=

B

+ 0.0042 T

- 2,090.1000 T

+ 0.0002 T

+ 0.0220 T

+ 0.0038 T

+ 0.0039 T

+ 0.0163 T

+ 0.0119 T

+

+ 0.0008 T

+ 0.1559 T

+ 0.0008 T

+ 0.0006 T



atau

-Tref3) + D/4*(T4-Tref4) + E/5*(T5-T5)

= 298.1500 K

303.1500 K 1.0000


9,035.2308 154.5990 53.9500

37.9172 0.2785 92.6000

0.6489 0.0068 86.5000

3.7083 0.0308 133.5000

126.1743 7.0035 1,381,850.0000

67.0272 0.6039 84.5000

9,270.7067 162.5225

303.1500 K Tref


26,775.5291 1,486.2083 1,381,850.0000

26,775.5291

kJ/jam


MT -101Qs

Q1

Q2

Q3


-1.1640 -1,164.0000 -4,870.1706

5.1000 5,100.0000 21,338.3764

36.3000 36,300.0000 151,879.0323

21.1000 21,100.0000 88,282.3025

4.9000 4,900.0000 20,501.5774

kJ/jam

309.2249 K Tref

(kmol/jam) A B

154.5990 119.4982 14.1259

0.2785 205.1072 73.8919

0.0068 191.5959 12.6797

0.0308 295.7000 0.0000

1,493.2118 3,060,771.4282 -7,029,653.4191

0.6039 187.1659 12.9824

1,648.7308

kJ/jam

HE-101Q3

Q3a

Qsteam in

309.2249 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

154.5990 119.4982 14.1259

0.2785 205.1072 73.8919

0.0068 191.5959 12.6797

0.0308 295.7000 0.0000

1,493.2118 3,060,771.4282 -7,029,653.4191

0.6039 187.1659 12.9824

1,648.7308

kJ/jam

333.1500 K Tref

KeluarA B

kmol/jam

154.5990 377.6500 46.4006

0.2785 648.2000 242.7191

0.0068 605.5000 41.6500

0.0308 934.5000 0.0000

1,493.2118 9,672,950.0000 -23,090,902.2750

0.6039 591.5000 42.6443

1,648.7308

kJ/jam


Qsteam out

yang digunakan untuk menaikan temperatur feed menjadi 60 oC adalah saturated steam dengan temperatur 120oC dan tekanan 198,53 KPa :

Panas Keluar

kJ/jam

4,210,997.4613

921,916.8629

5,132,914.3242

C

K

333.1500 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

154.5990 377.6500 46.4006

0.2785 648.2000 242.7191

0.0068 605.5000 41.6500

0.0308 934.5000 0.0000

1,493.2118 9,672,950.0000 -23,090,902.2750

0.6039 591.5000 42.6443

R-101Qreaksi (Qgen, Qkon)

Q3a Q6

Q4 Q5

1,648.7308

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1.1179 144.5000 0.0000

19.7306 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

20.8485 0.0000 #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #VALUE!

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

0.8553 0.6050 24.5270

1.8989 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

2.7543 0.6050 #DIV/0!

kJ/jam

0.2451 0.2451

0.5314 0.5314

2 NaOH

0.0109 0.0055

2NaOH

0.0493 0.0246

1000.0000


Na2CO3CaCO

3

Na2CO

3CaCO

3

Mg(OH)2

Mg(OH)2

∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


odukreak sio

ak HHH Pr298tanRe ,

-1,432.7000 -351,146.4942 0.0000

-1,130.0000 -276,956.4727 0.0000

-1,206.9000 0.0000 -295,804.2185

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -339,332.9526

-794.9000 -422,437.4935 0.0000

-1,130.0000 -600,521.2827 0.0000

-1,206.9000 0.0000 -641,388.6161

-411.0000 0.0000 -436,839.3756

-641.8300 -3,499.4664 0.0000

-425.6090 -4,641.1180 0.0000

-924.6600 0.0000 -5,041.5477

-411.0000 0.0000 -4,481.8120

-1,275.8676 -31,447.5078 0.0000

-425.6090 -20,980.7708 0.0000

-924.6600 0.0000 -22,790.9649

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -34,125.0740

333.2671 K Tref

KeluarA B

kmol/jam

155.6728 378.9136 46.5644

0.0334 650.3688 243.5763

0.0014 607.5259 41.7971

0.0062 937.6267 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,705,314.1796 -23,172,458.4614

0.0725 593.4791 42.7949

0.3414 1,014.8843 0.0000

0.7951 4.2492 180.8917

0.0301 639.1313 0.0000

0.7765 691.1046 131.8217

0.2697 1,151.8410 0.0000

1,672.8405


kJ/jam = 4,288,174.7033

0.0000




delta Qout =


C

K

333.2671 K Tref

KeluarA B

kmol/jam

155.6728 378.9136 46.5644

0.0334 650.3688 243.5763

0.0014 607.5259 41.7971

0.0062 937.6267 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,705,314.1796 -23,172,458.4614

0.0725 593.4791 42.7949

0.3414 1,014.8843 0.0000

0.7951 4.2492 180.8917

0.0301 639.1313 0.0000

0.7765 691.1046 131.8217

0.2697 1,151.8410 0.0000

1,672.8405

kJ/jam

kJ/jam

333.2671 K Tref


SF-101Q6

Q7

Q8

Keluar

Aliran 7 (padatan)


0.0000 9,097.9853 155.6728

0.0000 4.5501 0.0334

0.0000 0.1298 0.0014

0.0000 0.7417 0.0062

0.0000 27,291.3816 1,514.8413

0.0000 8.0433 0.0725

0.0000 36.1846 0.3414

0.0000 31.8036 0.7951

0.0301 0.0000 0.0000

0.7765 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 38.3142 0.2697

0.8066 36,509.1342 1,672.0338

C

K

333.2671 K Tref

Aliran 8A B

kmol/jam155.6728 378.9136 46.5644

0.0334 650.3688 243.5763

0.0014 607.5259 41.7971

0.0062 937.6267 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,705,314.1796 -23,172,458.4614

0.0725 593.4791 42.7949

0.3414 1,014.8843 0.0000

0.7951 4.2492 180.8917

0.2697 1,151.8410 0.0000

1,672.0338

Aliran 8 (filtrate)

CE-101Qreaksi

Q8Q9

Q11

Q10

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

0.2268 53.9500 6.3137

6.6224 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

6.8493

kJ/jam

2NaCl →

0.0668 0.0334

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.0027 0.0027

2NaCl →

0.0123 0.0062

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.1449 0.1449


-1,432.7000 -47,883.6128 0.0000

-411.0000 -27,472.8343 0.0000

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -46,272.6754

-794.9000 0.0000 -26,567.0998

-641.8300 -874.8666 0.0000

-411.0000 -1,120.4530 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -1,120.4530

-641.8300 0.0000 -874.8666

-1,275.8676 -7,861.8770 0.0000

-411.0000 -5,065.1518 0.0000

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -8,531.2685

-641.8300 0.0000 -3,954.9470


Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


-794.9000 -57,605.1127 0.0000

-411.0000 -59,569.0058 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -59,569.0058

-794.9000 0.0000 -57,605.1127


kJ/jam

333.1177 K Tref

Aliran 9


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.7165 0.0075

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

1,514.8413 119.3100 6.6224

0.0000 11.7528 0.1059

0.3414 0.0000 0.0000

0.7951 0.0000 0.0000

0.3093 0.0000 0.0000

1,672.1077 131.7793 6.7359

kJ/jam

C

K




AE-101Qreaksi

Q9Q12

Q14

Q13

333.1177 K Tref

Aliran 9A B

kmol/jam155.8205 377.3012 46.3553

1,514.8413 9,664,016.3478 -23,068,394.9461

0.3414 1,010.5658 0.0000

0.7951 4.2311 180.0794

0.3093 1,146.9397 0.0000

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1.2684 53.9500 6.3137

37.9964 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

39.2648

kJ/jam

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.6828 0.3414

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.6187 0.3093


-1,130.0000 -385,778.0601 0.0000

-411.0000 -280,627.9340 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -140,313.9670


∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


-1,130.0000 0.0000 -771,556.1203

-1,384.5000 -428,261.9705 0.0000

-411.0000 -254,266.0453 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -127,133.0226

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -856,523.9409


kJ/jam

328.0450 K Tref

Aliran 12 Aliran 14


1,514.8413 684.5433 37.9964

0.0000 36.1846 0.3414

0.7951 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 43.9367 0.3093

764.6646

kJ/jam

C

K

328.0450 K Tref

(reaksi eksoterm, melepaskan panas)

MT-102Qreaksi

Q12 Q16

Q15

Aliran 12A B

kmol/jam157.1219 322.5676 39.3123

1,514.8413 8,262,094.2973 -19,563,472.6259

0.3001 3.6173 3.6173

303.1500 K Tref

Aliran 15A B

kmol/jam

0.8269 33.5000 1.2627

3.5560 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

kJ/jam

HCl → NaCl

0.7951 0.7951


-425.6090 -338,422.7080 0.0000

-92.3110 -73,401.0291 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -326,806.3716

-285.8400 0.0000 -227,285.4824


∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


kJ/jam

329.1324 K Tref

Aliran 16A B

kmol/jam157.9171 334.3005 40.8130

1,519.1925 8,562,617.2534 -20,310,276.3957

0.0000 3.7489 158.5486

0.0317 207.5824 8.1626

kJ/jam

329.1324 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

157.9171 334.3005 40.8130

1,519.1925 8,562,617.2534 -20,310,276.3957

0.0317 207.5824 8.1626

kJ/jam

Qsteam out

HE-102Q16 Q16a

Qsteam in

363.1500 K Tref

keluarA B

kmol/jam

157.9171 701.3500 90.2675

1,519.1925 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

0.0317 435.5000 18.0535

kJ/jam


Panas Keluar

kJ/jam

7,967,354.1509

1,337,788.6858

9,305,142.8368


Q18 Q19

363.1500 K Tref

MasukA B

kmol/jam

157.9171 701.3500 90.2675

1,519.1925 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

0.0317 435.5000 18.0535

363.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1,639.6650 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

kJ/jam

+

+

+

+

+

156.3379


H2O

Na+

OH-

OH-

H2O

AnodaQ16

a Q17

Q20 Q21

Katoda


G = Q

G = I . t



G = ME

G = Ar/n

G = k . I . t . ME

= (1/96.500 ). I . t . (Ar /n)

+

156.3379

3,595.7714 kg

3,595,771.3582 gram

4,190,723.8655 Ampere

4,190.7239 kA

Na+

mol Na+ yang dilepaskan x Ar Na+

Arxt

nxxG 500.96

+

156.3379

2,657.7440 kg

2,657,744.0474 gram

4,190,723.8655 Ampere

4,190.7239 kA


4,190,723.8655 Ampere

4,190.7239 kA

v . I .t

2,8 - 3,3 volt

volt vtrial

16,075.1077 kWh

57,870,387.5663 kJ/jam

73,872,326.78320.0000

363.1500 K Tref

Aliran 21 (produk)


1.5792 0.0000 0.0000

1,450.9387 13,287.7236 737.5513

0.0000 6,253.0464 156.3379

0.0317 0.0000 0.0000

19,540.7700

OH-

mol OH- yang dilepaskan x Ar OH-

Arxt

nxxG 500.96

363.1500 K Tref

Aliran 19


677.9716 2,451.2227 136.0581

78.1689 157.5730 2.2223

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

2,608.7957

73,872,326.7832 kJ/jam

0.0000

C

+ 8.1250 -

+ 0.0000

- 156,800.0000

+ 1.9480

- 307,600.0000


T2

T2

T-2

T-2

T-2

Cp = A + BT - CT-2


Tout = ???? C

K

2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000

B C D E

6.3137 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

33.0264 -8.6741 0.0000 0.0000

5.6673 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

-3,141,942.8250 3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953

5.8025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

B C D E

-3,141,942.8250 3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953


Qs (kJ/jam)

-752,923.6254

5,943.0827

1,035.1175

2,719.9712

12,380.9670

-730,844.4870

730,844.4870

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 559.0827

-18.8355 0.0000 0.0000 1,088.5236

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 854.6879

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,237.2073

8,299,753.5196 -4,380,024.7564 883,243.2391 834.0900

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 837.4194

5,411.0108

Tout = 60.0000 C

333.1500 K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 559.0827

-18.8355 0.0000 0.0000 1,088.5236

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 854.6879

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,237.2073

8,299,753.5196 -4,380,024.7564 883,243.2391 834.0900

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 837.4194

5,411.0108

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,774.2255

-55.2509 0.0000 0.0000 3,496.4317

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,707.6727

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,909.9437

28,362,711.0339 -15,585,829.7491 3,275,652.9913 2,634.5820

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,653.2569

17,176.1125

1.9593 atm

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,774.2255

-55.2509 0.0000 0.0000 3,496.4317

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,707.6727

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,909.9437

28,362,711.0339 -15,585,829.7491 3,275,652.9913 2,634.5820

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,653.2569

17,176.1125

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 604.5873

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

#VALUE!

25.0000 298.1500 K


0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 208.9486

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

#VALUE!

+

0.2451

2NaCl

1.0629

+ 2NaCl

0.0109

+

0.0246

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

oodukreak si


-7,034.2042

-55,269.2154

-1,382.7753

-4,487.7602

-68,173.9551

68,173.9551

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,780.1980

-55.4163 0.0000 0.0000 3,508.4007

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,716.7646

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,923.0257

28,468,351.2687 -15,646,985.0048 3,289,179.4003 2,643.4014

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,662.1675

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,246.2713

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,539.2673

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,674.1224

-108.7121 0.0000 0.0000 2,988.2691

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,819.2975

33,501.1855

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,780.1980

-55.4163 0.0000 0.0000 3,508.4007

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,716.7646

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,923.0257

28,468,351.2687 -15,646,985.0048 3,289,179.4003 2,643.4014

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,662.1675

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,246.2713

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,539.2673

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,674.1224

-108.7121 0.0000 0.0000 2,988.2691

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,819.2975

33,501.1855

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

nonisothermal

A B C D

378.9136 46.5644 0.0000 0.0000

650.3688 243.5763 -55.4163 0.0000

607.5259 41.7971 0.0000 0.0000

937.6267 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

9,705,314.1796 -23,172,458.4614 28,468,351.2687 -15,646,985.0048

593.4791 42.7949 0.0000 0.0000

1,014.8843 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.2492 180.8917 0.0007 0.0000

639.1313 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

691.1046 131.8217 -108.7121 0.0000

1,151.8410 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,780.1980

-55.4163 0.0000 0.0000 3,508.4007

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,716.7646

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,923.0257

28,468,351.2687 -15,646,985.0048 3,289,179.4003 2,643.4014

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,662.1675

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,246.2713

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,539.2673

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,819.2975

27,838.7940

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 252.1428

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.0334

+

0.0014

+

0.0062

+

0.0725

2,516.6721

0.0000

440.8133

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

CaCl2

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

0.0000

2,957.4854

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

377.3012 46.3553 0.0000 0.0000

647.6013 242.4825 -55.2052 0.0000

604.9408 41.6094 0.0000 0.0000

933.6369 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

9,664,016.3478 -23,068,394.9461 28,333,563.6883 -15,568,960.1004

590.9537 42.6027 0.0000 0.0000

1,010.5658 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.2311 180.0794 0.0007 0.0000

1,146.9397 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K


25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,772.5770

28,333,563.6883 -15,568,960.1004 -15,568,960.1004 2,632.1476

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,228.2027

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,532.3630

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,798.7906

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 252.1428

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.6828

+

0.6187

-245,464.0931

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

-301,128.9478

-546,593.0409

546,593.0409

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

322.5676 39.3123 0.0000 0.0000

8,262,094.2973 -19,563,472.6259 23,829,323.0292 -12,981,907.4193

863.9669 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

3.6173 152.7188 0.0006 0.0000

980.5576 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,514.1036

23,829,323.0292 -12,981,907.4193 2,704,192.6648 2,250.2299

0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 1,299.7835

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 145.4471

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.7951

-142,268.1168

142,268.1168

H2O

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,569.4731

24,783,251.6631 -13,526,482.3446 2,822,972.8748 2,332.0831

0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 1,349.3465

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 902.6759

Tout = 90.0000 C

363.1500 K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,569.4731

24,783,251.6631 -13,526,482.3446 2,822,972.8748 2,332.0831

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 902.6759

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,312.1238

57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,897.6657

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,312.1238

57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,897.6657

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

NaOH + +

+ e-

NaOH

NaOH + +

156.3379 78.1689


1/2Cl2

1/2Cl2

1/2H2

1/2Cl2


+ e-

78.1689

1/2Cl2

78.1689

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

701.3500 90.2675 0.0000 0.0000

17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250 57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075

7.8650 350.6676 0.0012 0.0000

435.5000 18.0535 0.0000 0.0000

1/2H2

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

701.3500 44,920,951.7250 57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075

538.2000 -12.0357 0.0000 0.0000

430.3000 17.4087 0.0000 0.0000

Qout: 73,872,326.7832

D E

0.0141 + 0.0000T3


252.1428 38,981.0359

489.3280 136.2857

385.6274 2.6282

558.5634 17.2093

376.7380 2,638.4695

377.8254 228.1700

2,440.2250 42,003.7987


376.7380 559,911.2223

559,911.2223

Q3 (Kj/jam)

86,433.6417

303.1714

5.8250

38.1183

1,245,473.0314

505.7202

1,332,759.5080

Q3

(Kj/jam)

86,433.6417

303.1714

5.8250

38.1183

1,245,473.0314

505.7202

1,332,759.5080

Q3a

(Kj/jam)

274,293.5373

973.8127

18.4539

120.4651

3,933,988.8821

1,602.3102

4,210,997.4613

Q3a

(Kj/jam)

274,293.5373

973.8127

18.4539

120.4651

3,933,988.8821

1,602.3102

4,210,997.4613

Q4 (kJ/jam)

675.8836

7,433.2736

8,109.1572

Q5(kJ/jam)

178.7241

715.4056

894.1297

Q6

(kJ/jam)

277,128.3974

117.2576

3.7032

24.1736

4,004,333.7020

192.9230

1,449.6622

1,223.9473

80.4918

2,320.4776

1,299.9678

4,288,174.7033


(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

0.0000 1,780.1980 0.0000 277,128.3974

0.0000 3,508.4007 0.0000 117.2576

0.0000 2,716.7646 0.0000 3.7032

0.0000 3,923.0257 0.0000 24.1736

3,289,179.4003 2,643.4014 0.0000 4,004,333.7020

0.0000 2,662.1675 0.0000 192.9230

0.0000 4,246.2713 0.0000 1,449.6622

0.0000 1,539.2673 0.0000 1,223.9473

0.0000 2,674.1224 80.4918 0.0000

0.0000 2,988.2691 2,320.4776 0.0000

0.0000 4,819.2975 0.0000 1,299.9678

33,501.1855 2,400.9694 4,285,773.7340

4,288,174.7033

0.0000

Q8 (kJ/jam)

277,128.3974

117.2576

3.7032

24.1736

4,004,333.7020

192.9230

1,449.6622

1,223.9473

1,299.9678

4,285,773.7340

Q10 (kJ/jam)

57.1938

2,494.9284

2,552.1221


0.0000 1,772.5770 276,203.7638 0.0000

0.0000 3,493.1281 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 2,705.1630 0.0000 20.3565

0.0000 3,906.3326 0.0000 0.0000

3,271,922.5744 2,632.1476 3,987,285.9524 17,431.2620

0.0000 2,650.7973 0.0000 280.6938

0.0000 4,228.2027 1,443.4937 0.0000

0.0000 1,532.3630 1,218.4574 0.0000

0.0000 4,798.7906 1,484.3911 0.0000

4,267,636.0584 17,732.3123

4,285,368.3707

Q9 (kJ/jam)

276,203.7638

3,987,285.9524

1,443.4937

1,218.4574

1,484.3911

4,267,636.0584

Q13 (kJ/jam)

319.8069

14,314.6920

14,634.4989


0.0000 1,514.1036 237,898.8394 0.0000

2,704,192.6648 2,250.2299 3,408,741.3553 85,500.6517

0.0000 3,614.8334 0.0000 1,234.0915

0.0000 1,299.7835 1,033.5220 0.0000

0.0000 4,102.6483 0.0000 1,269.0562

3,647,673.7166 88,003.7994

3,735,677.5160

Q12 (kJ/jam)

237,898.8394

3,408,741.3553

390.0158

3,647,030.2105

Q15 (kJ/jam)

120.2647

1,339.6816

1,459.9462

Q16 (kJ/jam)

247,846.5767

3,542,883.0707

0.0000

28.6262

3,790,758.2735

Q16

(Kj/jam)

247,846.5767

3,542,883.0707

28.6262

3,790,758.2735

Q16a

(Kj/jam)

523,040.8314

7,444,253.1398

60.1798

7,967,354.1509

Q16a

(Kj/jam)

523,040.8314

7,444,253.1398

60.1798

7,967,354.1509

Q17(Kj/jam)

8,034,585.0659

8,034,585.0659

78.1689

1/2H2

1/2H2


(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

0.0000 3,312.1238 5,230.4083 0.0000

7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382 7,109,799.9770 3,614,103.1056

0.0000 2,980.8494 0.0000 466,019.6836

0.0000 1,897.6657 60.1798 0.0000

7,115,090.5652 4,080,122.7892

11,195,213.3544


(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

7,420,807.8366 76,778.6930 52,053,771.3922 10,446,363.1017

0.0000 2,201.4692 172,086.5170 4,892.4179

0.0000 1,873.2112 0.0000 0.0000

52,225,857.9092 10,451,255.5196

62,677,113.4288

Satuan Sumber Komposisi Satuan


J/K.kmol perry's -285.8400 kJ/mol

cal/K.mol perry's NaCl -411.0000 kJ/mol





J/K.mol x 8.314 Smith NaOH -425.6090 kJ/mol



cal/K.mol perry's CaCO3 -1206.9000 kJ/mol


cal/K.mol perry's HCl -92.3110 kJ/mol

J/K.mol Himmelblau -813.9890 kJ/mol

cal/K.mol perry's Cl2 0.0000 kJ/mol

cal/K.mol perry's H2 0.0000 kJ/mol

sumber: himelblau



2O (g)

H2O (l)

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

Na2SO4

H2SO

4


smith

smith

Neraca Panas


Komponen A

NaCl (s) 10.7900

276,370.0000

8.2200

18.5200

17.3000

26.7000

16.9000

NaOH (s) 0.1210

28.9000

18.2000

19.6800

32.8000

HCl (g) 6.7000

139.1000

6.6200

8.2800


Di mana 1 cal/mol.K = 4.1840 R = 8.3140

Neraca Energi:


Cpmix = xa.Cpa + xb.Cpb +….+xi.CpiEntalpi

H2O (l)

H2O (g)

CaSO4(s)

MgCl2 (s)

MgSO4 (s)

CaCl2 (s)

Na2CO

3 (s)

Mg(OH)2 (s)

CaCO3 (s)

Na2SO

4 (s)

H2SO

4(l)

H2 (g)

Cl2 (g)

Cl2(l)


Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4


pT

HCp

TCpH .

TCpHT

Tref

.

25.0000


1. Tangki Pencampuran-101 (MT-101)

Tin = 30.0000 C

= 303.1500 K

♥ Qumpan


Q1 30.0000 C


NaCl 97.4600 58.4430

0.4090 136.1400

0.0070 95.2180

0.0400 120.3600

1.3610 18.0160

0.7230 110.9900

Total 100.0000


T masuk 30.0000 C


100.0000 18.0160

Total 100.0000


601,915.0210

∆Hmix = xa. ∆Ha + xb. ∆Hb + ….xi. ∆Hi

Q = m . ∆H

∆H = Σ m Cp dT

T ref

= oC

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

H2O

* Q pelarutan atau

Q solution

(Q s ):



NaCl 58.4430 154.5990

136.1400 0.2785

95.2180 0.0068

120.3600 0.0308

110.9900 0.6039

Qs = - berarti menghasilkan panas..(tergenerasi), temperatur akan turun.

Qs = + berarti mmbutuhkan panas (konsumsi), temperatur akan naik


Qout = Qin + Qs = -128,929.4661

♥ Qkeluar


Tkeluar = 23.4541 C


NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

Qout = -186,194.8112

57,265.3452


Tin = 23.4541 C

= 296.6041 K

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 3 masuk

Q3T masuk 23.4541 C

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

* Qin = Q3

-186,194.8112

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 3a keluar

Q3aTkeluar 60.0000 C

Komponen BMKeluar

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

Total 36,046.2358

* Qout= Q3a

4,210,997.4613


= 4,397,192.2725 kJ/jam

Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2



Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

2,796.1467 kg/jam

= m x Hv

5,805,639.3055 kj/jam

= m x Hl

1,408,447.0330 kj/jam




Q3 -186,194.8112 Q3a

Qs in 5,805,639.3055 Qs out

Total 5,619,444.4943 Total

3. Reaktor-101(R-101)

Tin = 60.0000

= 333.1500

♥ Qumpan* Aliran 3a masuk

T masuk 60.0000 C =

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,035.2308

136.1400 37.9172

95.2180 0.6489

120.3600 3.7083

18.0160 26,901.7034

110.9900 67.0272

λsteam

=


steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Total 26,901.7034

Q4

T masuk 30.0000 C


105.9900 118.4889

18.0160 355.4668

Total 473.9557

* Aliran 5 NaOH

Q5 0.0000

Tmasuk 30.0000 C


NaOH 39.9970 34.2114

18.0160 34.2114

Total 68.4229


4,220,000.7482


reaksi 1 +

reaksi 0.2451

reaksi 2 +

reaksi 0.5314

reaksi 3 +

reaksi 0.0055

reaksi 4 +

reaksi 0.0246



* Aliran 4 Na2CO

3

Na2CO

3

H2O

H2O

CaSO4

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4

oodukreak si


1 0.2451

0.2451

0.2451

0.2451

2 0.5314

0.5314

0.5314

2NaCl 1.0629

3 0.0055

2 NaOH 0.0109

0.0055

2NaCl 0.0109

4 0.0246

2 NaOH 0.0493

0.0246

0.0246

Total



Komponen BMKeluar

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,588.6126

Neraca Panas di R-101:


4,151,826.7931


CaSO4

Na2CO

3

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

CaCO3

MgCl2

Mg(OH)2

MgSO4

Mg(OH)2

Na2SO

4

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi,298


4. Sand Filter-101(SF101)

Tin = 59.0014

= 332.1514



Komponen BMKeluar

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,588.6126

* Total Qin= Q6

4,151,826.7931

Neraca Panas di SF-101:

Qout = Qin

= 4,151,826.7931




CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

Komponen BM

Keluar

Aliran 7 (padatan)

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 0.0000

136.1400 0.0000

95.2180 0.0000

120.3600 0.0000

18.0160 0.0000

110.9900 0.0000

105.9900 0.0000

NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

58.3270 1.7557

100.0900 77.7228

142.0400 0.0000

Total79.4784

5.Cation Exchanger-101(CE101)Tin = 59.0014

= 332.1514

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 8 masuk

Q8

T masuk 59.0014 C

Komponen BMAliran 8

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,097.9853

136.1400 4.5501

95.2180 0.1298

120.3600 0.7417

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 8.0433

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 38.3142

Total 36,509.1342

* Aliran 10 masuk

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO3

Mg(OH)2

CaCO3

Na2SO

4

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

T masuk 30.0000 C

Komponen BM kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 13.2567

18.0160 119.3100

Total 132.5667


4,152,056.1060

♥ Qreaksi


Reaksi 1 +

Reaksi 0.0334

Reaksi 2 +

Reaksi 0.0014

Reaksi 3 +

Reaksi 0.0062

Reaksi 4 +

Reaksi 0.0725



1 0.0334

2NaCl 0.0668

0.0334

0.0334

2 0.0014

2NaCl 0.0027

2NaCl 0.0027

0.0014

3 0.0062

2NaCl 0.0123

0.0062

0.0062

H2O


CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

CaSO4

Na2SO

4

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

MgSO4

Na2SO

4

MgCl2

oodukreak si


4 0.0725

2NaCl 0.1449

2NaCl 0.1449

0.0725

Total



4,155,013.5914

♥ Qkeluar

Q9 dan Q8

Tkeluar 58.9049 C

Komponen BMAliran 9

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,106.6152

136.1400 0.0000

95.2180 0.0000

120.3600 0.0000

18.0160 27,291.3816

110.9900 0.0000

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 43.9367

Total36,509.9217

Qout = 4,155,013.5914

0.0000

6.Anion Exchanger-101(AE101)Tin = 58.9049

= 332.0549

CaCl2

CaCl2

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin



CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

H2O

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

♥ Qmasuk

* Aliran 9 masuk

Q9

T masuk 58.9049 C

Komponen BMAliran 9

kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,106.6152

18.0160 27,291.3816

105.9900 36.1846

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 43.9367

Total 36,509.9217

Q13

T masuk 30.0000 C

Komponen BM kg/jam

NaCl 58.9049 76.0604

18.0160 684.5433

Total 760.6036


4,152,460.7718

♥ Qreaksi


Reaksi 1 +

Reaksi 0.3414

Reaksi 2 +

Reaksi 0.3093



1 0.3414

2NaCl 0.6828

2NaCl 0.3414

H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4


H2O


Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2CO

3

oodukreak si


0.6828

2 0.3093

2NaCl 0.6187

2NaCl 0.3093

0.6187

Total



3,605,867.7308

♥ Qkeluar

Q12 dan Q14

Tkeluar 53.8565 C


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,182.6756

18.0160 27,291.3816

105.9900 0.0000

NaOH 39.9970 31.8036

142.0400 0.0000

Total 36,505.8608

Qout = 3,605,867.7308

0.0000

7.Tangki Pengasaman-102 (MT-102)

Tin = 53.8565

= 327.0065

* Aliran 12 masuk


Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin



H2O

Na2CO

3

Na2SO4

♥ Qumpan


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,182.6756

18.0160 27,291.3816

NaOH 105.9900 31.8036

Total

* Aliran 15 masuk



kg/jam

HCl 36.4610 30.1482

18.0160 64.0649

Total


3,521,760.7288



NaOH +

Reaksi 0.7951



NaOH 0.7951

HCl 0.7951

NaCl 0.7951

0.7951



H2O

H2O

H2O

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qgenerasi

- Qconsumption

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi

oodukreak si


3,379,492.6120

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 16 keluar

Q16

Tkeluar 52.6220 C


kg/jamNaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

NaOH 105.9900 0.0000

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total

Qout = 3,379,492.6120

0.0000


Tin = 52.6220 C

= 325.7720 K

♥ Qumpan

* Aliran 16 masuk


Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 36,600.0748

* Qin = Q16

3,379,492.6120

♥ Qkeluar

* Aliran 16a keluar

Q16a

H2O

H2O

Tkeluar 90.0000 C

Komponen BMkeluar

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 36,600.0748

* Qout= Q16a

7,967,354.1509


= 4,587,861.5389 kJ/jam

Hv 2,076.3000 kJ/kg

Hl 503.7100 kJ/kg

Hv-Hl

= 1,572.5900 kJ/kg

2,917.3920 kg/jam

= m x Hv

6,057,381.0804 kj/jam

= m x Hl

1,469,519.5415 kj/jam




Q16 3,379,492.6120 Q16a

Qs in 6,057,381.0804 Qs out

Total 9,436,873.6925 Total

9.Reaktor elektrolisis-102(RE-102)

H2O



λsteam

=


steam = Qsteam / λ

steam

Panas steam masuk :

Panas steam keluar:

Tin = 90.0000 C

= 363.1500 K

♥ Qmasuk

* Aliran 16a masuk

Q16aTmasuk 90.0000 C

Komponen BMMasuk

(kg/jam)

NaCl 58.4430 9,229.1465

18.0160 27,369.7720

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total

* Aliran 17 masuk

Q17Tmasuk 90.0000 C


18.0160 29,540.2047

Total 29,540.2047

* Qin = Q16a + Q17

16,001,939.2168

♥ Qreaksi



di Anoda:

di Anoda: NaCl

di Katoda:

Katoda dan anoda:

Reaksi Total NaCl

156.3379


H2O

H2O

H2O + e-

Na+





Dimana:



G =




Dimana:





Dimana:



a. arus yang mengalir di anoda (kutub +)

Reaksi di anoda: NaCl

156.3379

maka:

- Arus di anoda (I) =


I =

=

b. arus yang mengalir di anoda (kutub -)


- massa Na+ yang dilepaskan =

Reaksi di katoda:

156.3379

maka:

- Arus di katoda (I) =


I =

=


I =

=

w =

Diambil v 3.8359

w =

Qreaksi =

♥ Qkeluar


Q20 dan Q21

Tkeluar 90.0000 C

Komponen BM

Keluar

kg/jam

NaCl 58.4430 92.2915

18.0160 26,140.1111

NaOH 39.9970 0.0000

HCl 36.4610 1.1563

Total 26,233.5589


Q18 dan Q19

Tkeluar 90.0000 C

Komponen BM

Keluar

Aliran 18

kg/jam

18.0160 12,214.3359

H2O + e-

- massa OH- yang dilepaskan =

Sehingga, Arus yang harus disuplay di sell elektrolisis ini adalah:




H2O

H2O

70.9040 5,542.4907

2.0158 0.0000

Total 17,756.8266



Cl2

H2

Qin - Q

out + Q

generasi - Q

consumption = Acc

Qout

= Qin

+ Qreaksi

Qout

=

B

+ 0.0042 T

- 2,090.1000 T

+ 0.0002 T

+ 0.0220 T

+ 0.0038 T

+ 0.0039 T

+ 0.0163 T

+ 0.0119 T

+

+ 0.0008 T

+ 0.1559 T

+ 0.0008 T

+ 0.0006 T


(Perry's, Tabel 2-194)

(Coulson, hal 63)

satuan:∆H =

(Pers.2.20-2.23 Smith, hal 41) Cp =

m =


-Tref3) + D/4*(T4-Tref4) + E/5*(T5-T5)

dT =

= 298.1500 K

303.1500 K 1.0000


9,035.2308 154.5990 53.9500

37.9172 0.2785 92.6000

0.6489 0.0068 86.5000

3.7083 0.0308 133.5000

126.1743 7.0035 1,381,850.0000

67.0272 0.6039 84.5000

9,270.7067 162.5225

303.1500 K Tref


26,775.5291 1,486.2083 1,381,850.0000

26,775.5291

kJ/jam


MT -101Qs

Q1

Q2

Q3


-1.1640 -1,164.0000 -4,870.1706

5.1000 5,100.0000 21,338.3764

36.3000 36,300.0000 151,879.0323

21.1000 21,100.0000 88,282.3025

4.9000 4,900.0000 20,501.5774

(sumber: Mullyn, Bab 2.13, hal 62)

kJ/jam

296.6041 K Tref

(kmol/jam) A B

154.5990 -16.6798 -1.9307

0.2785 -28.6292 -10.0996

0.0068 -26.7433 -1.7331

0.0308 -41.2743 0.0000

1,493.2118 -427,227.3565 960,821.4809

0.6039 -26.1249 -1.7744

1,648.7308

kJ/jam

HE-101Q3

Q3a

Qsteam in

296.6041 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

154.5990 -16.6798 -1.9307

0.2785 -28.6292 -10.0996

0.0068 -26.7433 -1.7331

0.0308 -41.2743 0.0000

1,493.2118 -427,227.3565 960,821.4809

0.6039 -26.1249 -1.7744

1,648.7308

kJ/jam

333.1500 K Tref

KeluarA B

kmol/jam

154.5990 377.6500 46.4006

0.2785 648.2000 242.7191

0.0068 605.5000 41.6500

0.0308 934.5000 0.0000

1,493.2118 9,672,950.0000 -23,090,902.2750

0.6039 591.5000 42.6443

1,648.7308

kJ/jam


Qsteam out


Panas Keluar

kJ/jam

4,210,997.4613

1,408,447.0330

5,619,444.4943

C

K

333.1500 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

154.5990 377.6500 46.4006

0.2785 648.2000 242.7191

0.0068 605.5000 41.6500

0.0308 934.5000 0.0000

1,493.2118 9,672,950.0000 -23,090,902.2750

0.6039 591.5000 42.6443

R-101Qreaksi, Qgenerasi

Q3a Q6

Q4 Q5

1,648.7308

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1.1179 144.5000 0.0000

19.7306 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

20.8485 0.0000 #DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #VALUE!

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

0.8553 0.6050 24.5270

1.8989 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

2.7543 0.6050 #DIV/0!

kJ/jam

0.2451 0.2451

0.5314 0.5314

2 NaOH

0.0109 0.0055

2NaOH

0.0493 0.0246

1000.0000


Na2CO3CaCO

3

Na2CO

3CaCO

3

Mg(OH)2

Mg(OH)2

∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


odukreak sio

ak HHH Pr298tanRe ,

-1,432.7000 -351,146.4942 0.0000

-1,130.0000 -276,956.4727 0.0000

-1,206.9000 0.0000 -295,804.2185

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -339,332.9526

-794.9000 -422,437.4935 0.0000

-1,130.0000 -600,521.2827 0.0000

-1,206.9000 0.0000 -641,388.6161

-411.0000 0.0000 -436,839.3756

-641.8300 -3,499.4664 0.0000

-425.6090 -4,641.1180 0.0000

-924.6600 0.0000 -5,041.5477

-411.0000 0.0000 -4,481.8120

-1,275.8676 -31,447.5078 0.0000

-425.6090 -20,980.7708 0.0000

-924.6600 0.0000 -22,790.9649

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -34,125.0740

332.1514 K Tref

KeluarA B

kmol/jam

155.6728 366.8755 45.0054

0.0334 629.7066 235.4212

0.0014 588.2248 40.3977

0.0062 907.8383 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,396,976.4881 -22,396,626.4692

0.0725 574.6242 41.3621

0.3414 982.6415 0.0000

0.7951 4.1142 174.8353

0.0301 618.8261 0.0000

0.7765 669.1482 127.4082

0.2697 1,115.2471 0.0000

1,672.8405


kJ/jam = 4,151,826.7931

0.0000




delta Qout =


C

K

332.1514 K Tref

KeluarA B

kmol/jam

155.6728 366.8755 45.0054

0.0334 629.7066 235.4212

0.0014 588.2248 40.3977

0.0062 907.8383 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,396,976.4881 -22,396,626.4692

0.0725 574.6242 41.3621

0.3414 982.6415 0.0000

0.7951 4.1142 174.8353

0.0301 618.8261 0.0000

0.7765 669.1482 127.4082

0.2697 1,115.2471 0.0000

1,672.8405

kJ/jam

kJ/jam

332.1514 K Tref


SF-101Q6 Q7

Q8

Keluar

Aliran 7 (padatan)


0.0000 9,097.9853 155.6728

0.0000 4.5501 0.0334

0.0000 0.1298 0.0014

0.0000 0.7417 0.0062

0.0000 27,291.3816 1,514.8413

0.0000 8.0433 0.0725

0.0000 36.1846 0.3414

0.0000 31.8036 0.7951

0.0301 0.0000 0.0000

0.7765 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 38.3142 0.2697

0.8066 36,509.1342 1,672.0338

C

K

332.1514 K Tref

Aliran 8A B

kmol/jam155.6728 366.8755 45.0054

0.0334 629.7066 235.4212

0.0014 588.2248 40.3977

0.0062 907.8383 0.0000

1,514.8413 9,396,976.4881 -22,396,626.4692

0.0725 574.6242 41.3621

0.3414 982.6415 0.0000

0.7951 4.1142 174.8353

0.2697 1,115.2471 0.0000

1,672.0338

Aliran 8 (filtrate)

CE-101Qreaksi

Q8Q9

Q11

Q10

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

0.2268 53.9500 6.3137

6.6224 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

6.8493

kJ/jam

2NaCl →

0.0668 0.0334

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.0027 0.0027

2NaCl →

0.0123 0.0062

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.1449 0.1449


-1,432.7000 -47,883.6128 0.0000

-411.0000 -27,472.8343 0.0000

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -46,272.6754

-794.9000 0.0000 -26,567.0998

-641.8300 -874.8666 0.0000

-411.0000 -1,120.4530 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -1,120.4530

-641.8300 0.0000 -874.8666

-1,275.8676 -7,861.8770 0.0000

-411.0000 -5,065.1518 0.0000

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -8,531.2685

-641.8300 0.0000 -3,954.9470


Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


-794.9000 -57,605.1127 0.0000

-411.0000 -59,569.0058 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -59,569.0058

-794.9000 0.0000 -57,605.1127


kJ/jam

332.0549 K Tref

Aliran 9


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.7165 0.0075

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

1,514.8413 119.3100 6.6224

0.0000 11.7528 0.1059

0.3414 0.0000 0.0000

0.7951 0.0000 0.0000

0.3093 0.0000 0.0000

1,672.1077 131.7793 6.7359

kJ/jam

C

K




AE-101Qreaksi

Q9 Q12

Q14

Q13

332.0549 K Tref

Aliran 9A B

kmol/jam155.8205 365.8334 44.8707

1,514.8413 9,370,285.4571 -22,329,589.4791

0.3414 979.8504 0.0000

0.7951 4.1025 174.3120

0.3093 1,112.0793 0.0000

303.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1.2912 53.9500 6.3137

37.9964 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

39.2876

kJ/jam

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.6828 0.3414

2NaCl → 2NaCl

0.6187 0.3093


-1,130.0000 -385,778.0601 0.0000

-411.0000 -280,627.9340 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -140,313.9670


∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


-1,130.0000 0.0000 -771,556.1203

-1,384.5000 -428,261.9705 0.0000

-411.0000 -254,266.0453 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -127,133.0226

-1,384.5000 0.0000 -856,523.9409


kJ/jam

327.0065 K Tref

Aliran 12 Aliran 14


1,514.8413 684.5433 37.9964

0.0000 36.1846 0.3414

0.7951 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 43.9367 0.3093

764.6646

kJ/jam

C

K

327.0065 K Tref

(reaksi eksoterm, melepaskan panas)

MT-102Qreaksi

Q12 Q16

Q15

Aliran 12A B

kmol/jam157.1219 311.3620 37.8837

1,514.8413 7,975,080.6386 -18,852,546.8899

0.3001 3.4916 3.4916

303.1500 K Tref

Aliran 15A B

kmol/jam

0.8269 33.5000 1.2627

3.5560 1,381,850.0000 -3,141,942.8250

kJ/jam

HCl → NaCl

0.7951 0.7951


-425.6090 -338,422.7080 0.0000

-92.3110 -73,401.0291 0.0000

-411.0000 0.0000 -326,806.3716

-285.8400 0.0000 -227,285.4824


∆Hformation,298

(kJ/mol)

oodukreak si


kJ/jam

325.7720 K Tref

Aliran 16A B

kmol/jam157.9171 298.0414 36.1913

1,519.1925 7,633,892.7734 -18,010,365.5501

0.0000 3.3423 140.5948

0.0317 185.0674 7.2383

kJ/jam

325.7720 K Tref

Masuk A B

kmol/jam

157.9171 298.0414 36.1913

1,519.1925 7,633,892.7734 -18,010,365.5501

0.0317 185.0674 7.2383

kJ/jam

Qsteam out

HE-102Q16 Q16a

Qsteam in

363.1500 K Tref

keluarA B

kmol/jam

157.9171 701.3500 90.2675

1,519.1925 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

0.0317 435.5000 18.0535

kJ/jam


Panas Keluar

kJ/jam

7,967,354.1509

1,469,519.5415

9,436,873.6925


Q18 Q19

363.1500 K Tref

MasukA B

kmol/jam

157.9171 701.3500 90.2675

1,519.1925 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

0.0317 435.5000 18.0535

363.1500 K Tref

kmol/jam A B

1,639.6650 17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250

kJ/jam

+

+

+

+

+

156.3379


H2O

Na+

OH-

OH-

H2O

AnodaQ16

a Q17

Q20 Q21

Katoda


G = Q

G = I . t



G = ME

G = Ar/n

G = k . I . t . ME

= (1/96.500 ). I . t . (Ar /n)

+

156.3379

3,595.7714 kg

3,595,771.3582 gram

4,190,723.8655 Ampere

4,190.7239 kA

Na+

mol Na+ yang dilepaskan x Ar Na+

Arxt

nxxG 500.96

+

156.3379

2,657.7440 kg

2,657,744.0474 gram

4,190,723.8655 Ampere

4,190.7239 kA


4,190,723.8655 Ampere

4,190.7239 kA

v . I .t

2,8 - 3,3 volt

volt vtrial

16,075.1077 kWh

57,870,387.5663 kJ/jam

73,872,326.78320.0000

363.1500 K Tref

Keluar

Aliran 21 (produk)


1.5792 0.0000 0.0000

1,450.9387 13,287.7236 737.5513

0.0000 6,253.0464 156.3379

0.0317 0.0000 0.0000

19,540.7700

363.1500 K Tref

Keluar

Aliran 18 Aliran 19


677.9716 2,451.2227 136.0581

OH-

mol OH- yang dilepaskan x Ar OH-


Arxt

nxxG 500.96

78.1689 157.5730 2.2223

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

2,608.7957

73,872,326.7832 kJ/jam

0.0000

C

+ 8.1250 -

+ 0.0000

- 156,800.0000

+ 1.9480

- 307,600.0000

atau

perubahan entalpi

kapasitas panas kJ/kmol.K

massa kmol/jam

T2

T2

T-2

T-2

T-2


Cp = A + BT - CT-2


perubahan temperatur K

Tout = ???? C

K

2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000

B C D E

6.3137 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

33.0264 -8.6741 0.0000 0.0000

5.6673 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

-3,141,942.8250 3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953

5.8025 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

B C D E

-3,141,942.8250 3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953


Qs (kJ/jam)

-752,923.6254 -4,746.4683 -733,799.3653

5,943.0827 87.2740 24.3072

1,035.1175 10.6315 0.0725

2,719.9712 35.3129 1.0880

12,380.9670 148.2264 89.5144-730,844.4870 -733,684.3833

-132,904.2234

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -77.8662

2.7410 0.0000 0.0000 -150.5731

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -119.1448

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -172.6914

-1,110,727.3597 573,858.9891 -113,278.6807 -116.5529

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -116.7308

-753.5592

Tout = 60.0000 C

333.1500 K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -77.8662

2.7410 0.0000 0.0000 -150.5731

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -119.1448

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -172.6914

-1,110,727.3597 573,858.9891 -113,278.6807 -116.5529

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -116.7308

-753.5592

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,774.2255

-55.2509 0.0000 0.0000 3,496.4317

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,707.6727

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,909.9437

28,362,711.0339 -15,585,829.7491 3,275,652.9913 2,634.5820

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,653.2569

17,176.1125

1.9593 atm

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,774.2255

-55.2509 0.0000 0.0000 3,496.4317

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,707.6727

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,909.9437

28,362,711.0339 -15,585,829.7491 3,275,652.9913 2,634.5820

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,653.2569

17,176.1125

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 604.5873

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

#VALUE!

25.0000 298.1500 K


0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 208.9486

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

#VALUE!

+

0.2451

2NaCl

1.0629

+ 2NaCl

0.0109

+

0.0246

Na2SO

4

Na2SO

4

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

oodukreak si


-7,034.2042

-55,269.2154

-1,382.7753

-4,487.7602

-68,173.9551

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,723.3078

-53.8359 0.0000 0.0000 3,394.4413

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,630.1538

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,798.3913

27,464,916.1505 -15,066,964.5744 3,161,081.5065 2,559.3831

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,577.2841

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,111.3673

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,487.7919

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,589.1656

-105.6118 0.0000 0.0000 2,890.9090

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,666.1885

32,428.3837

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,723.3078

-53.8359 0.0000 0.0000 3,394.4413

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,630.1538

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,798.3913

27,464,916.1505 -15,066,964.5744 3,161,081.5065 2,559.3831

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,577.2841

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,111.3673

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,487.7919

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,589.1656

-105.6118 0.0000 0.0000 2,890.9090

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,666.1885

32,428.3837

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

366.8755 45.0054 0.0000 0.0000

629.7066 235.4212 -53.8359 0.0000

588.2248 40.3977 0.0000 0.0000

907.8383 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

9,396,976.4881 -22,396,626.4692 27,464,916.1505 -15,066,964.5744

574.6242 41.3621 0.0000 0.0000

982.6415 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.1142 174.8353 0.0007 0.0000

618.8261 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

669.1482 127.4082 -105.6118 0.0000

1,115.2471 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,723.3078

-53.8359 0.0000 0.0000 3,394.4413

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,630.1538

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,798.3913

27,464,916.1505 -15,066,964.5744 3,161,081.5065 2,559.3831

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 2,577.2841

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,111.3673

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,487.7919

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,666.1885

26,948.3091

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 252.1428

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.0334

+

0.0014

+

0.0062

+

0.0725

2,516.6721

0.0000

440.8133

CaCl2

MgCl2

MgCl2

CaCl2

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

0.0000

2,957.4854

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

365.8334 44.8707 0.0000 0.0000

627.9180 234.7166 -53.6986 0.0000

586.5540 40.2768 0.0000 0.0000

905.2597 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

9,370,285.4571 -22,329,589.4791 27,378,370.7875 -15,017,029.5715

572.9921 41.2383 0.0000 0.0000

979.8504 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.1025 174.3120 0.0007 0.0000

1,112.0793 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K


25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,718.3842

27,378,370.7875 -15,017,029.5715 -15,017,029.5715 2,552.1106

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,099.6895

0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 1,483.3439

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4,652.9348

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 252.1428

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.6828

+

0.6187

-245,464.0931

Na2CO

3

Na2SO

4

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

-301,128.9478

-546,593.0409

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

311.3620 37.8837 0.0000 0.0000

7,975,080.6386 -18,852,546.8899 22,924,160.8294 -12,466,843.7449

833.9539 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

3.4916 147.1691 0.0006 0.0000

946.4944 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

, melepaskan panas)


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,461.2424

22,924,160.8294 -12,466,843.7449 2,592,212.7600 2,172.0636

0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 1,252.5983

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 145.4471

3,672,195.5495 -1,918,206.2717 382,841.5953 376.7380

+

0.7951

-142,268.1168

H2O

∆Hreaksi,298

(kJ/jam)

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,398.4283

21,855,602.3179 -11,860,912.2944 2,460,934.2933 2,079.1515

0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 1,196.6971

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 804.6061

Tout = 90.0000 C

363.1500 K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,398.4283

21,855,602.3179 -11,860,912.2944 2,460,934.2933 2,079.1515

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 804.6061

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,312.1238

57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,897.6657

Tout = ? C

? K

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

C D ECp.dT

( kJ/kmol)

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 3,312.1238

57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1,897.6657

25.0000 C 298.1500 K


57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075 7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382

NaOH + +

+ e-

NaOH

NaOH + +

156.3379 78.1689


1/2Cl2

1/2Cl2

1/2H2

1/2Cl2


+ e-

78.1689

1/2Cl2

78.1689

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

701.3500 90.2675 0.0000 0.0000

17,964,050.0000 -44,920,951.7250 57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075

7.8650 350.6676 0.0012 0.0000

435.5000 18.0535 0.0000 0.0000

25.0000 C 298.1500 K

A B C D

701.3500 44,920,951.7250 57,925,545.2682 -33,489,313.2075

1/2H2

538.2000 -12.0357 0.0000 0.0000

430.3000 17.4087 0.0000 0.0000

Qout: 73,872,326.7832

D E

0.0141 + 0.0000

(Perry's, Tabel 2-194)

T3

Cp.dT ( kJ/kmol) xi Q1 (Kj/jam)

252.1428 0.9746 38,981.0359 0.9746

489.3280 0.0041 136.2857 0.0041

385.6274 0.0001 2.6282 0.0001

558.5634 0.0004 17.2093 0.0004

376.7380 0.0136 2,638.4695 0.0136

377.8254 0.0072 228.1700 0.00722,440.2250 1.0000 42,003.7987


376.7380 559,911.2223

559,911.2223

Q3 (Kj/jam)

-12,038.0440 0.2507 -19.5177

-41.9370 0.0011 -0.1584

-0.8120 0.0000 -0.0021

-5.3206 0.0001 -0.0178

-174,038.2035 0.7463 -86.9847

-70.4941 0.0019 -0.2171-186,194.8112

0.0000

Q3

(Kj/jam)

-12,038.0440 0.2507 -19.5177

-41.9370 0.0011 -0.1584

-0.8120 0.0000 -0.0021

-5.3206 0.0001 -0.0178

-174,038.2035 0.7463 -86.9847

-70.4941 0.0019 -0.2171-186,194.8112

Q3a

(Kj/jam)

274,293.5373 0.2507 444.7215

973.8127 0.0011 3.6779

18.4539 0.0000 0.0487

120.4651 0.0001 0.4022

3,933,988.8821 0.7463 1,966.2176

1,602.3102 0.0019 4.93374,210,997.4613

Q3a

(Kj/jam)

274,293.5373

973.8127

18.4539

120.4651

3,933,988.8821

1,602.3102

4,210,997.4613

Q4 (kJ/jam)

675.8836

7,433.2736

8,109.1572

Q5(kJ/jam)

178.7241

715.4056

894.1297

Q6

(kJ/jam)

268,272.1455

113.4488

3.5851

23.4056

3,877,059.3363

186.7716

1,403.6065

1,183.0167

77.9346

2,244.8746

1,258.6678

4,151,826.7931


(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

0.0000 1,723.3078 0.0000 268,272.1455

0.0000 3,394.4413 0.0000 113.4488

0.0000 2,630.1538 0.0000 3.5851

0.0000 3,798.3913 0.0000 23.4056

3,161,081.5065 2,559.3831 0.0000 3,877,059.3363

0.0000 2,577.2841 0.0000 186.7716

0.0000 4,111.3673 0.0000 1,403.6065

0.0000 1,487.7919 0.0000 1,183.0167

0.0000 2,589.1656 77.9346 0.0000

0.0000 2,890.9090 2,244.8746 0.0000

0.0000 4,666.1885 0.0000 1,258.6678

32,428.3837 2,322.8092 4,149,503.9839

4,151,826.7931

0.0000

Q8 (kJ/jam)

268,272.1455

113.4488

3.5851

23.4056

3,877,059.3363

186.7716

1,403.6065

1,183.0167

1,258.6678

4,149,503.9839

Q10 (kJ/jam)

57.1938

2,494.9284

2,552.1221


0.0000 1,718.3842 267,759.4121 0.0000

0.0000 3,384.5840 0.0000 0.0000

0.0000 2,622.6573 0.0000 19.7357

0.0000 3,787.6024 0.0000 0.0000

3,150,073.4499 2,552.1106 3,866,042.7168 16,901.2216

0.0000 2,569.9372 0.0000 272.1315

0.0000 4,099.6895 1,399.6197 0.0000

0.0000 1,483.3439 1,179.4799 0.0000

0.0000 4,652.9348 1,439.2741 0.0000

4,137,820.5026 17,193.0887

4,155,013.5914

Q9 (kJ/jam)

267,759.4121

3,866,042.7168

1,399.6197

1,179.4799

1,439.2741

4,137,820.5026

Q13 (kJ/jam)

325.5771

14,314.6920

14,640.2692


0.0000 1,461.2424 229,593.1931 0.0000

2,592,212.7600 2,172.0636 3,290,331.7321 82,530.6112

0.0000 3,489.2591 0.0000 1,191.2209

0.0000 1,252.5983 996.0027 0.0000

0.0000 3,960.1280 0.0000 1,224.9709

3,520,920.9278 84,946.8030

3,605,867.7308

Q12 (kJ/jam)

229,593.1931

3,290,331.7321

375.8573

3,520,300.7825

Q15 (kJ/jam)

120.2647

1,339.6816

1,459.9462

Q16 (kJ/jam)

220,835.6784

3,158,631.4175

0.0000

25.5161

3,379,492.6120

Q16

(Kj/jam)

220,835.6784

3,158,631.4175

25.5161

3,379,492.6120

Q16a

(Kj/jam)

523,040.8314

7,444,253.1398

60.1798

7,967,354.1509

Q16a

(Kj/jam)

523,040.8314

7,444,253.1398

60.1798

7,967,354.1509

Q17(Kj/jam)

8,034,585.0659

8,034,585.0659

78.1689

1/2H2

1/2H2


(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

0.0000 3,312.1238 5,230.4083 0.0000

7,420,807.8366 4,900.1382 7,109,799.9770 3,614,103.1056

0.0000 2,980.8494 0.0000 466,019.6836

0.0000 1,897.6657 60.1798 0.0000

7,115,090.5652 4,080,122.7892

11,195,213.3544


(kJ/jam) (kJ/jam)

7,420,807.8366 76,778.6930 52,053,771.3922 10,446,363.1017

0.0000 2,201.4692 172,086.5170 4,892.4179

0.0000 1,873.2112 0.0000 0.0000

52,225,857.9092 10,451,255.5196

62,677,113.4288

Satuan Sumber Komposisi

cal/K.mol perry's -241.8260

J/K.kmol perry's -285.8400

cal/K.mol perry's NaCl -411.0000





J/K.mol x 8.314 Smith NaOH -425.6090



cal/K.mol perry's CaCO3 -1206.9000


cal/K.mol perry's HCl -92.3110

J/K.mol Himmelblau -813.9890

cal/K.mol perry's Cl2 0.0000

cal/K.mol perry's H2 0.0000

sumber: himelblau



2O (g)

H2O (l)

CaSO4

MgCl2

MgSO4

CaCl2

Na2CO

3

Mg(OH)2

Na2SO4

H2SO

4

245.7384 ###

2.0014 0.5574

0.0270 0.0002

0.2234 0.0069

5.1274 35.9096

2.7317 1.6497###

-3,017.4165

-0.0441

0.0000

-0.0005

-129,886.6311

-0.1311-132,904.2233

-3,017.4165

-0.0441

0.0000

-0.0005

-129,886.6311

-0.1311-132,904.2233

68,753.5147

1.0244

0.0003

0.0124

2,935,979.2998

2.97953,004,736.8310

Satuan

kJ/mol

kJ/mol

kJ/mol

kJ/mol

kJ/mol

kJ/mol -304.9400 kcal/mol perry's

kJ/mol

kJ/mol smith

kJ/mol

kJ/mol

kJ/mol

kJ/mol

kJ/mol

kJ/mol smith

kJ/mol

kJ/mol



18.016 16,231.8847 900.9705

Total 24,354.4759 1,104.0505

H2O yang teruapkan = 13,227.6387 kg/jam

Suhu umpan masukTf = 102.5767 C 375.7267Steam masuk :Ts = 120 C 393.15Ps = 198.53 kPa 1.9593

* step 1 Neraca massa evaporator

"Neraca massa untuk single effek":

Total: =

24,354.4759 = 13,227.6387

= 11,126.8373


=

8,122.5912 = 0.0000

= 0.7300

H2O

F1 V

1

L1

F1 . X

F1V

1 . X

V1

XL1

* step 2 Menghitung Temperatur di Evaporator

BPR = m x Kb

Dimana:

m =


= 39.997 kg/kmol


Maka:

6.5058 =


120.0000 393.1500

Dipilih:

500 =

Profile Temperature

Efek I120.0000

118.0000

Trial:2.0000

118.0000

2.0000

"Menghitung BPR":


W2 = massa pelarut

BPR1 = oC

" Menghitung Temperatur di Evaporator":

sehingga, Ts1

= oC =


U = Btu.h.ft2.oF

TS1

=

oC TS1 saturation

=

ΔT 1

BPR1

T1

=

oC

T 1 =

TS1

- ΔT 1

ΔT 1 =

∑ ΔTavailable

= TS1

– T1 saturation - BPR

1

ΔT 1 =

oC T

1 =

∑ ΔTavailable

= TS1

– T1 saturation - BPR

1

oC

bcamp

KxWxBM

xW

kg 1000

2

1

U

1T

1available

* step 3



276,370.0000 -2,090.1000 8.1250

375.7267 K


NaOH 8,122.5912 203.0800 63,736.8398

16,231.8847 900.9705 76,077.7981

Total 24,354.4759 48,708.9518


NaOH 8,122.5912 203.0800 64,846.7349

3,004.2461 166.7543 76,502.4485

Total 11,126.8373

" Neraca Energi ":

Entalpi:


102.5767 375.7267

118.0000 391.1500

120.0000 393.1500

111.4942 384.6442

BPR1 = 6.5058 279.6558

xi .Cpi

H2O



H2O

* Cp L1 pada T1 =

H2O

Effect 1 : F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . h

L1 + V1 . H

v1

Tf

= oC =

T1

= oC =

TS1

= oC =

TS1 saturated

= oC =oC =

Hs1

pada Ts1



s (kJ/kg)

120.0000 2,706.3000 503.7100

110.0000 2,691.5000 461.3000

111.4942 2,693.7413 467.6294

115.0000 2,699.0000 482.4800


Diperoleh:

hf = Cp (Tf - 0)

= 343.2108 kJ/kg

2,202.5900 kJ/kg

hL1 = Cp (T1 - 0)

= 274.946994835 kJ/kg

2,705.9982 kJ/kg

8,358,719.3434 + 2,202.5900 S =

8,358,719.3434 + 2,202.5900 S =

2,202.5900 S =

S =


* step 4

" Menentukan Panas dan luas area Evaporator

= 30,494,537.9578 W

= 5,370.4018

(memenuhi tp steam ekonomynya tidak memenuhi)

Hs1

pada Ts1 saturated



s (kJ/kg)

oC =

λs1

=

Hv1 = H


s1 saturation) + 1,884 . BPR1

Hv1 =

"Neraca Energy di tiap evaporator": effect 1: F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . h

L1 + V1 . H

v1

(tidak memenuhi untuk single effect, kurang dari 0,8, wallas)

Q1 = S . λs

1

A1 = Q

1 / (U

1 . ΔT

1)



fraksi Komponen BM (Kgmol/kg)0.3335 NaOH 39.9970

0.6665 18.0160

Total


Komponen BM (Kgmol/kg)NaOH 39.9970

18.0160

Total

K

Katm

+

+

kg/jam

+

+ 11,126.8373

H2O

H2O

L1

L1

L1 . X

L1

XL1

43.7105

120.0000 C dan tekanan 198.53

K = 248.0000

1/U

2,839.1300 0.0004

Efek II111.4942

oC/kmol

oF

oF


oC

U

1T

1available


D E5.07E-03 -2.92E-06

-0.0141 0.00000937

Cp kJ/kmol.K BM (kg/kgmol) Cp (kJ/kg.K) X (massa)

63.7368 39.9970 1.5935 0.3335

76.0778 18.0160 4.2228 0.6665

5.8163 1.0000

Cp kJ/kmol.K BM (kg/kgmol) Cp (kJ/kg.K) X (massa)

64.8467 39.9970 1.6213 0.7300

76.5024 18.0160 4.2464 0.2700

1.0000

K

K

K

K

K

F . hf + S . λs1 = L1 . hL1

+ V1 . Hv1

K

11,126.8373 . 274.9470

3,059,290.4672 + 35,793,966.8341

30,494,537.9578

13844.8544476439 kg/jam


(memenuhi tp steam ekonomynya tidak memenuhi)



Kg/jam Kgmol/jam0.0000 0.0000

13,227.6387 734.2162

13,227.6387 734.2162

Kg/jam Kgmol/jam fraksi8,122.5912 203.0800 0.73

3,004.2461 166.7543 0.27

11,126.8373 369.8343 1

x. Cp

0.5315

2.8144

3.3459

x. Cp

1.1835

1.1465

2.3301

+ 2,705.9982 . 13,227.6387

A. N.massa Dan B. N.panas Fix

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