A Mobility Management Protocol for IP-Based Cellular Networks P.D. Silva and H. Sirisena, University...

A Mobility Management Protocol for

IP-Based Cellular Networks

A Mobility Management Protocol for

IP-Based Cellular NetworksP.D. Silva and H. Sirisena, University of Canterbury

IEEE Wireless Communications, June 2002

Speaker - 691430017 Wei-Jen Lin2003/12/17

OutlineOutline

• Introduction• Requirements for IP-Based Mobility Management• Mobile IP with Regional Registrations

• Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP)• Protocol Operation• Handoff/Paging Support

• Protocol Analysis• Handoff Performance• Signaling Cost Analysis

• Conclusions• References

IntroductionIntroduction

• This article presents an IP-Based mobility management protocol based on extensions to an existing proposed protocol, Regional Registrations, and packaged under the name micro-Mobile IP (μMIP).

Introduction – Requirements for IP-Based Mobility

Management

Introduction – Requirements for IP-Based Mobility

Management

• Mobility Management – • Location management• Handoff management

• Requirements – • Hierarchical architecture• Fast handoff• Paging functionality• Compatibility with QoS mechanisms

Introduction – Regional Registrations

Introduction – Regional Registrations

HA

GFA

RFA1 RFA2 RFA3

MN

Home Address GFA IP

Home Address RFAx IP (FA-CoA)orHome Address Co-Located CoA

Home Address Local CoA

Local CoA (RFAx IP or Co-Located CoA)

1. Home Registration (CoA is GFA IP)

2. Regional Registration (CoA is Local CoA)

Reg

ion

al

Regis

trati

on R

equest

Reg

ion

al

Regis

trati

on R

eply

Regis

trati

on

Request

Regis

trati

on

Reply

Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP)Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP)

• μMIP = Mobile IP + Regional Registration + Fast Handoff + Paging

• Regional Registration – Reducing signaling cost.• Fast Handoff – Reducing packet loss.• Paging – Reducing signaling cost and power consumption.

• A group of Subnet Agents (SA) forms a multicast Paging Area group.

• The core network operates independent of the radio access network.

• Beacon – Domain ID, Paging Area ID and Gateway Mobility Agent Care-of Address.

Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - Architecture

Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - Architecture

Home Address GMA IP

Home Address SAx IP

Home Address Link Layer Identity

Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Protocol Operation

Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Protocol Operation

GMA and SA monitor the Registration Request message sended by MN, build up the mapping table and decide to forward to HA or not through the check of N,P bits.

Across the Subnet Agent (Active)Across the Paging Area (Idle)GMA forward it to HA

Periodically

Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Fast Handoff


• In general, handoff schemes can be classified as either Proactive or Reactive.

• Some Fast Proactive Handoff schemes : • Hierarchical Mobile IPv4/v6 and Fast Handoffs.• Foreign Agent Assisted Handoffs.• Mechanisms and Hierarchical Topology for Fast Handover

in Wireless IP Networks.

• But, μMIP buffers the packets in GMA and using a new Handoff Imminent extension appended to the Registration Request message.



1. The original IP path restored faster while the handoff fail.

2. It also avoids duplicated traffic generated by bicasting.

Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - PagingMicro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - Paging

• Two modes – Idle and Active• Manually configuring subnet agent paging groups.• GMA buffers the packets destined to MN and sends

page solicitation message to page the MN.• MN responds by sending registration request (N=0, P=0).

GMA

SA1 SA2 SA3

Multicast

Broadcast Broadcast

IP

RANPA 1 PA 2

Home Address SAx IP

SAx IP PAx Multicast IP

Protocol AnalysisProtocol Analysis

• NS-2 v2.1b7a (Physical layer uses 802.11)• CN send streaming audio date (64kb/s, G.711

codec) to a MN and an average packet size of 200 bytes (50 packets/s, Data/RTP/UDP/IP/Layer-2).

HA

FA FA

MN

CN

GMA

SA

10 Mb/s

10 Mb/s0~100

ms

Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - I

Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - I

• Packet loss during Proactive Handoff.

Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - II

Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - II

• Handoff latency during Proactive Handoff.

MN’s Velocity is 55 km/h

Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis


pvl

cr

• User Mobility Model – Fluid Flow Model

• rc : SA boundary-crossing rate (mobiles/sec).• p : MNs’ density in the cell.• v : MN’s average Velocity.• l : Cell’s perimeter.

• The analysis doesn’t extend to the cell level. (No IP-level signaling messages !)



• Parameter values used in analysis.

Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - I

Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - I

• Signaling Cost vs. Paging Area Size.

Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - II

Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - II

• Signaling Cost vs. MN Velocity.

With an active population base of 5 percent.

Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - III

Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - III

• Signaling Cost vs. Active MN Population.

Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - IV


In μMIP, the Cell’s perimeter is changed to the perimeter of the Paging Area.

ConclusionsConclusions

• μMIP = Mobile IP + Regional Registration + Fast-Handoff + Paging

• Handoff latency was shown to be well below 200 ms threshold with beacon periods of 100 ms.

• Fast-Handoff in μMIP doesn’t employ bicasting.• Reducing packets loss by buffering at the gateway

mobility agent level, previous path could be restored quickly in the event of handoff failures.

ReferencesReferences

• P. D. Silva and H. Sirisena, “A Mobility Management Protocol for IP-Based Cellular Networks”, IEEE Wireless Communications, June 2002.

• E. Gustafsson, A. Johnson, and C. Perkins, “Mobile IP Regional Registration”, Internet draft, Nov. 2003, ietf-mobility-reg-tunnel-08.txt.

• X. Zhang, J. G. Castellanos and A. T. Campbell, “P-MIP: Paging in Mobile IP”, June 2000.

Final ProjectsFinal Projects

GMA

FA1

MN

HA

• μMIP with Associated Paging

FA3

Home Address GMA IP

Stack Size=3Home Address FAx IP , FAy IP , FAz IP

Home Address Link Layer Identity

MN sends Reg. Message by judgement of Beacon includes the domain ID.

FAm IP , FAn IP , FAo IP

Probable path of Paging Req. Message

FA2

Not good in the concept of OSI model !

Cellular Network

Final ProjectsFinal Projects

• Mobile IP with Regional Registrations and Associated Paging

GFA

RFA1

MN

HA

RFA3

Home Address GMA IPStack Size=3Home Address FAx IP , FAy IP , FAz IP

Home Address Local CoA

MN sends Reg. Message by judgement of Agent Advertisement includes the RFAx’s IP address.

FAm IP , FAn IP , FAo IP

Probable path of Paging Req. Message

RFA2

Local CoA is FA-CoA.

Paging Request

Des : 255.255.255.255

Paging IP : MN’s Home Address

A Mobility Management Protocol for IP-Based Cellular Networks P.D. Silva and H. Sirisena, University...

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