9/15/14 WhatIsPsychology?/ - Cabrillo Collegecreyes/code-3/PsychologyIntroductionFall14.ppt.pdf ·...
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9/15/14 1 What Is Psychology? Psychology is The discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment. Symbolized with a Ψ Empirical Relying on evidence gathered by careful observation, experimentation, or measurement 1 The Study of the Mind What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin? What Are Psychological Perspectives? What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist? © Masterfile Psychology is study of behavior and mental processes such as thought and emotion.
Transcript of 9/15/14 WhatIsPsychology?/ - Cabrillo Collegecreyes/code-3/PsychologyIntroductionFall14.ppt.pdf ·...
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What Is Psychology?
Psychology is The discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.
Symbolized with a Ψ
Empirical Relying on evidence gathered by careful observation, experimentation, or measurement
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The Study of the Mind
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
© Ma
sterfil
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Psychology is study of behavior and mental processes such as thought and emotion.
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Thinking critically about Psychology
Can you distinguish between psychobabble and empirical psychology?
Critical thinking The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons rather than emotion and anecdote
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Critical thinking guidelines Ask questions Define your terms Examine the evidence Analyze assumptions and biases Avoid emotional reasoning Don’t oversimplify Consider other interpretations Tolerate uncertainty
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What Are Psychology’s Roots?
Analyze the respective contributions of philosophy and the physical sciences as the “roots” of modern psychology.
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The Roots of Psychology
Psychology
Questions posed by philosophy
Methods borrowed from the physical sciences
© Norman Pogson/Photos.com
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
Compare and contrast the early movements in psychology – structuralism, Gestalt psychology, functionalism, behaviorism, psychodynamic theory, and humanism – in terms of leading figures, core principles, and contributions to modern psychology.
Wilhelm Wundt and Structuralism
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Wilhelm Wundt conducted the first documented psychology study.
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
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Max Wertheimer and Gestalt Psychology
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ttman
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© Ce
ngag
e Lea
rning
2013
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
William James and Functionalism
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Functionalists proposed that the mind was shaped by natural selection; they asked What’s this human tendency “for”? modern evolutionary psychology is one descendant of James’ ideas.
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
The Behaviorist Movement
The A
lan M
ason
Che
sney
Med
ical A
rchive
s of T
he Jo
hns H
opkin
s Med
ical In
stitut
ions
The behaviorists studied observable animal behavior to try to understand human learning.
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
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The Cognitive Revolution
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tesy o
f Cor
nell U
niver
sity
Ulric Neisser argued that internal cognitive processes could be studied objectively, as well as behavior.
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
Sigmund Freud and Psychodynamic Theory
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Freud emphasized that many important mental processes happen outside conscious awareness.
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
Humanistic Psychology: Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
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Humanistic approaches proposed that human nature is inherently good, and people seek to improve.
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
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What Are Psychological Perspectives?
Differentiate the seven major perspectives of modern psychology in terms of typical research questions, research methods, and focal causes of behavior.
Analyze the ways in which the seven major perspectives can be integrated to address a single psychological process or topic.
Biological Psychology
Social
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Evolutionary
Biological
Cognitive Developmental
Clinical
Personality
© Norman Pogson/Photos.com
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
Clinical psychologists are not…
Psychotherapists Anyone who does any type of psychotherapy
Psychoanalysts Individuals who receive training in psychoanalysis
Psychiatrists Medical doctors who diagnose and treat mental disorders
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Integrating the Perspectives
L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06
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ngag
e Lea
rning
2013
Biological
psychology Cognitive
psychology Social
psychology
Develo
pmen
tal
psyc
holog
y
Clinica
l
psyc
holog
y
Person
ality
differ
ence
s
Evolutionary psychology
Biological: Aggression is associated with low levels of serotonin. Evolutionary: We aggress against people who challenge our status. Cognitive: We learn to be more aggressive when we see aggression rewarded. Social: We are more aggressive when we are anonymous and unaccountable. Developmental: Aggressive behavior decreases sharply from the mid-20s on. Clinical: Aggressive individuals tend to have low impulse control. Personality: Aggressive people tend to have very high self-esteem.
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What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
What Does it Mean to Be a Psychologist?
Explain why psychology’s role as a “hub science” allows psychologists to pursue a wide range of career paths with respect to professional specialties and research areas.
Psychology as a Hub Science
“The
Bac
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Kev
in W
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2005
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What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
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Psychology Undergrad’s Take Many Different Career Paths
“The
Bac
kbon
e of S
cienc
e,” by
Kev
in W
. Boy
ack e
t al.,
2005
, Scie
ntome
trics,
64(3
). W
ith ki
nd pe
rmiss
ion fr
om S
pring
er S
cienc
e+Bu
sines
s Med
ia.
What Is Psychology? What Are Psychology’s Roots? How Did the Science of Psychology Begin?
What Are Psychological Perspectives?
What Does It Mean to Be a Psychologist?
