7.ancient athens αντίγραφο
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Transcript of 7.ancient athens αντίγραφο
Thank you Thank you [email protected]@ancientathensed.com for these panoramic pictures. for these panoramic pictures.THE ACROPOLIS 479-323 BCTHE ACROPOLIS 479-323 BC
Panoramic view of the Acropolis. On the bottom right, the Propylaea. Panoramic view of the Acropolis. On the bottom right, the Propylaea. On the top of them, the stoa of Braubronia Artemis in "On the top of them, the stoa of Braubronia Artemis in "ΠΠ" shape, the " shape, the Chalkotheke and the Parthenon. On the left are the ruins of the older Chalkotheke and the Parthenon. On the left are the ruins of the older temple of Athena and next to them, the Erechteum.temple of Athena and next to them, the Erechteum.
The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to Godess Athena Parthenos The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to Godess Athena Parthenos (Virgin). (Virgin). The construction begun in 447 BCE after the orders of The construction begun in 447 BCE after the orders of Pericles. The architects were Iktinus and Kallikrates. The chief Pericles. The architects were Iktinus and Kallikrates. The chief supervisor of the project and especially of the sculptures and the supervisor of the project and especially of the sculptures and the decoration, was the sculptor and Pericles' friend, Pheidias. The decoration, was the sculptor and Pericles' friend, Pheidias. The Parthenon is a unique Doric building that successfully combines also Parthenon is a unique Doric building that successfully combines also the Ionic order. The lack of an altar in the east, and the inner the Ionic order. The lack of an altar in the east, and the inner arrangement of the cella show that the building was not only used forarrangement of the cella show that the building was not only used for religious purposes. It is known that in the west room (opisthodomos)religious purposes. It is known that in the west room (opisthodomos)
was kept all the wealth of the Delian League. Furthermore, the gold was kept all the wealth of the Delian League. Furthermore, the gold and ivory statue of Athena that stood inside the main temple, was and ivory statue of Athena that stood inside the main temple, was covered with the gold of Athens' allies. This proves that the covered with the gold of Athens' allies. This proves that the Parthenon actually was theParthenon actually was the treasury of the Delian League, treasury of the Delian League, containing wealth that Athens had misappropriated from the allies.containing wealth that Athens had misappropriated from the allies.
PROPYLAEA (437-432 BCE)
The construction of Propylaea was assigned to architect Mnesicles in 437 BCE. The original design (symmetry between the north and south side) was never
completed due to the Peloponnesian War. The central building of the Propylaea is composed by two parts. The eastern one is a little higher. It is notable that
besides the clear Doric outside impression, six Ionic columns exist in the interior. In front of the south wing is the small Ionic temple of Athena Nike (427/6-424/3
BCE). The north wing is occupied by a square building, the Pinakotheke where according to Pausanias many paintings were on display (including works of the
most famous Polygnotos) that today are, unfortunately, lost.
View from the west. On the right is the temple of Athena Nike. The
Pinakotheke is on the left.
South view of the
temple of Athena Nike.
(424/3 BCE).
A south-east view.
On the right is the stoa of Artemis Brauronia.
East view of the Propylaea central building. The interior of the Propylaea central
ERECHTHEUM (421-407 BCE)
The Erechteum was the most sacred place in Athens. In there were worshiped the gods: Athena, Poseidon, Hephaestus, and the mythical heroes and kings:
Kekrops, Boutis and Erechteus. The whole history of the city could be found in this very place. Traces of the quarrel between Athena and Poseidon in order to become protectors of the city can be found here. Athena offered the olive tree and Poseidon used his trident to brake the rock from where salty water came
out. The "marks" of his trident are still visible. Under the north wing of the building can be found the hole where lived the sacred snake of Erichthonius. In
one of the rooms was kept the ancient (even for the time) wooden statue of Athena. According to the myth and to show its age, the Athenians used to say that
it fell from the sky.
The spot where Erechtheum was built was not chose by chance. It was there that the Mycenaean palace wit all of its sanctuaries stood, nearly a thousand
years before. The main characteristic of Erechtheum is the south wing with the woman-shaped columns, the Caryatides. In this place, was believed to be the
tomb of Kekrops. West of the building was a small stoa dedicated to the nymph Pandrosos, daughter of Kekrops, the Pandroseion.
The west side. In the middle is
the sacred olive tree of
Athena while on the right are the
Caryatides. On the
bottom can be seen the Pandroseion
.
View from the
northwest. On the right
exactly behind the wall is the
the Pandroseion.
.
An east view of the
Erechtheum. The
rightmost column as well one of
the Caryatides were taken
by Lord Elgin and
today can be found in the
British Museum. Today in
their place
The archaic temple of
Athena that was
destroyed by the Persians. The worship in this place
was continued after the
repair of a part of the
cella.
are copies.
THE ARREPHORION
The Arrephorion was a square building in the northwest side of the Acropolis. It was the residence of the two "Arrephorai", girl of 7-11 years that were chosen
each year to sew the peplos of Athena. With this peplos was covered the wooden statue of the goddess during the Panathenaia feast. The girls also carried the
Sacred Relics during the feast of Arrephoria (άρρητα-φέρειν). It had four sides measuring12,5m each. The south facade, where the entrancevwas, there were two -or four- doric columns. In the west, there was a courtyard where the girls used to play which was named "Σφαιρίστρα των Αρρηφόρων". The small rock carved stairrcaise in the courtyard that connected the Acropolis with the city beyond, was very important during the Arrephoria. There was performed
the "Descending of the Arrephoroi".
The Arrephorion from the southwest. In the courtyard is the small staircase leading to the city
beneath.
OTHER BUILDINGS
Also some other buildings, sanctuaries and altars were on the Acropolis. The most important were: The stoa of Brauronia Artemis, the Chalkotheke and the
sanctuary of Zeus Polieus and Pandion.
The Stoa of Artemis Brauronia.
A sanctuary
to the goddess, protector
of the women
who gave birth. It was "Π" shaped
and inside the
adjacent wings
were kept the
numerous offerings.
The Chalkothek
e (=the Bronze Gallery) was the
place where the hundreds
of the bronze
offerings to goddess Athena
were kept. These
offerings consisted mostly of
bronze statues,
weapons and metal utensils.
The sanctuary
of Zeus Polieus
(=protector of the city).
In there, during the
feast of Diipoleia
many sacrifices of oxen were
taking place.
The sanctuary
of Pandion. Dedicated
to the mythical hero and
king Pandion,
son of Kekrops or Erichthoni
us. The Pandionis tribe (one of the 10 tribes of Athens)
were practising
their sacrifices.