...Regeneration level, g 100% HCl/l eq/l 13 18 23 28 33 38 0 4 8 12 Regeneration level, lb 100%...
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Transcript of ...Regeneration level, g 100% HCl/l eq/l 13 18 23 28 33 38 0 4 8 12 Regeneration level, lb 100%...
- μ
- μ
-
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- μ
μ
-
μ
-
-
Figure 2
C1 - Capacity correction factor
Total Alkalinity / Total Anions
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
0 20 40 60 80 100
Total Alkalinity / Total Anions ratio, %
C1
Figure 3
C2 - Capacity correction factor for temperature
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Water temperature, °C
C2
32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88
Water temperature, °F
Figure 4
C3 - Capacity correction factor
for Na / Total Cations
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
0 20 40 60 80 100
Na / Total Cations ratio, %
C3
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 40 80 120 160 200
Regeneration level, g 100% HCl/l
Base c
ap
acit
y,
eq
/l
13
18
23
28
33
38
0 4 8 12
Regeneration level, lb 100% HCl/ft3
Base c
ap
acit
y,
Kg
r/ft
3
Figure 1
Base Capacity (co-flow regeneration)
Figure 5
C4 - Capacity correction factor for
kinetic load (Specific flow rate ∙ Total Cations)
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
0 150 300 450 600 750 900
Kinetic load, BV/h ∙ meq/l
C4
0 3 6 9 12 15 18
Kinetic load, BV/h ∙ Kgr/ft3
TAlk/TA = 0%
TAlk/TA = 50%
TAlk/TA = 100%
Figure 6
Base Sodium Leakage
0
3
6
9
12
0 50 100 150 200
Regeneration level, g 100% HCl/l
Bas
e l
eak
ag
e,
pp
m N
a
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Regeneration level, lb 100% HCl/ft3
Figure 7
L1 - Capacity correction factor
for Equivalent Mineral Acidity
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 4 8 12 16 20
EMA, meq/l
L1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
EMA, Kgr/ft3
Figure 8
L2 - Leakage correction factor for
Na / Total Cations
0
1
2
3
4
0 20 40 60 80 100
Na / Total Cations ratio, %
L2
Figure 10
C1 - Capacity correction factor Na / Total Cations
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
0 20 40 60 80 100
Na / Total Cations ratio, %
C1
Figure 11
C2 - Capacity correction factor
Total Alkalinity / Total Anions
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
0 20 40 60 80 100
Total Alkalinity / Total Anions ratio, %
C2
Figure 12
C3 - Capacity correction factor for temperature
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Water temperature, °C
C3
32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88
Water Temperature, °F
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 40 80 120 160
Regeneration level, g 100% HCl/l
Bas
e c
ap
acit
y,
eq
/l
17
22
27
32
37
0 3 6 9
Regeneration level, lb 100% HCl/ft3
Bas
e c
ap
acit
y,
Kg
r/ft
3
Figure 9
Base capacity (counter flow regeneration)
Figure 13
C4 - Capacity correction factor for bed depth
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Bed depth, m
C4
20 40 60 80 100
Bed depth, in
Figure 14
C5 - Capacity correction factor for specific flow rate
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
16 24 32 40 48 56
Specific flow rate, BV/h
C5
2 3 4 5 6 7
Specific flow rate, gpm/ft3
regeneration level = 40 g/l (2.5 lb/ft3)
regeneration level = 50 g/l (3.1 lb/ft3)
regeneration level = 60 g/l (3.7 lb/ft3)
Figure 15
C6 - Capacity correction factor for
kinetic load (Specific flow rate ∙ Total Cations)
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Kinetic load, BV/h ∙ meq/l
C6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Kinetic load, BV/h ∙ Kgr/ft3
TAlk/TA = 0%
TAlk/TA = 50%
TAlk/TA = 100%
Figure 16
Sodium Leakage
0
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Regeneration level, g 100% HCl/l
Base l
eakag
e,
pp
b N
a
0 2 4 6 8
Regeneration level, lb 100% HCl/ft3
Figure 17
Backwash expansion
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Linear flow rate, m/h
Bed
exp
an
sio
n,
%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Linear flow rate, gpm/ft2
5°C / 41°F
10°C / 50°F
20°C / 68°F
30°C / 86°F
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