6805 Overview of nuclear physics

Dick Furnstahl

Department of PhysicsOhio State University

Last revised: August 21, 2017

Outline

Key pictures for sub-fields of nuclear physics

Nuclear degrees of freedom and energy scales

Res

olut

ion

scale&separa)on&

DFT

collective models

CI

ab initio

LQCD

constituent quarks

770#ρ#meson#mass#

Connecting the islands of nuclear physics

Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter

21O V E R V I E W

inertial confinement fusion, nuclear weapons, and astrophysical phenomena and will provide a consistent picture of the fission data needed for national security and nuclear energy applications. Such computational capability, coupled with conceptual and algorithmic advances, will allow the physics of simple nuclei to be understood directly from QCD in terms of interacting quarks and gluons in a way that will serve as a benchmark for a rigorous computational approach to the full nuclear many-body problem. This bridge would link a century’s worth of classic questions directly to the fundamental interactions that are now known to be basic to the structure of all matter.

1-04.eps

neutrons

FIGURE 1.4 From quarks to neutron stars: Different technologies are being brought to bear on the myriad challenges in understanding nuclear matter at different spatial resolution scales or, equivalently, at different energy scales. At the shortest distance scales, relativistic heavy ion collisions are used to study quark-gluon plasma and how protons and neutrons and other hadrons condense from it as it cools. Electron-scattering experiments are used to study the complex structure of those protons and neutrons, with varying spatial resolution. Rare isotope beams are used to understand the patterns and phenomena that emerge as protons and neutrons form larger and larger nuclei. Nuclear phenomena occur on truly macroscopic distance scales in stars, in the nuclear reactions that drive certain classes of cataclysmic stellar explosions and in the description of the structure, formation, and cooling of neu-tron stars, which are basically gigantic nuclei. Building bridges of understanding between the physics at different spatial resolution scales is one of the paramount challenges facing contemporary nuclear science. For example, the most natural description of nuclei is in terms of neutrons and protons, and the most natural description of neutrons and protons is in terms of quarks and gluons. However, a rigorous connection between these two descriptive frameworks requires a description of the lightest nuclei in terms of quarks and gluons. This is the challenge for which the coming generation of accel-erators, detectors, and computers is being designed, and is one of the great challenges for theoretical nuclear physics as well. SOURCE: Courtesy of Witold Nazarewicz, University of Tennessee.

Table of the nuclides

Phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter

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Meson and Baryon masses from lattice QCDMeson and baryon masses from lattice QCD BMW collaboration (2010)

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