6. Θεσσαλονίκη, 100 χρόνια από την Απελευθέρωση
of 160
Transcript of 6. Θεσσαλονίκη, 100 χρόνια από την Απελευθέρωση
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
1/160
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
2/160
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
3/160
100
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
4/160
4
ISABD ..
,
,
. , , , .
Art director
..
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
5/160
8-39
(1897-1912)
. . . . .
.
40-81 '
. .
. . . .
82-123 1912.
1912. , . . , .
124-155
.
. . 1917. . .
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
6/160
6
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
7/160
20o , . , : , . , , ,, , .
, , . ,
.
. .
, , - 1912 ,
, , , .
, - 26 1912 .H M - E . ,, , B.
100 . , 1897 1912, . , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
8/160
8
( ) 26 1904. ( ).
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
9/160
.
(1897-1912)
. . . . .
19 . 1821
1830. , , , , , 18 823.773 . , , , , , , , , 2.000.000.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
10/160
10
. - , , ., 1844, - , (1853-1856), - , -
.
1856. - . - - . ,
, , , 1870, , . .
, 1864, , -
, 1844,
1843 .
2 E
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
11/160
1870 19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
12/160
12
. 1839-1841 , - 1866-1869. , -, . - , - , .
H 18751878
, - , , 1870. - - - , .
1870, 1875 , 1878, - , . - , , .
1875-1878 (1875), - 1876 - .
. 1878 .
(1872) .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
13/160
1876 - -, , . -, - - . , - .
, 1876 .
,
(1878). , , , , , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
14/160
14
, -
, 1877, 1878. -
,
, - - - . ,
1897.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
15/160
. , , -, , . , - . , . , 1877, , - .
, -
. . , - , ,
, - , , -, 1877.
- - , - . 1878 - .
, ,
1878
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
16/160
16
1877 , , - , , . -
- - , 21.
1878 - . . , -
. -. - , 1878.
, , , - .
, . - , , 500 , - , . ,
. , , . -
1897, , 1894
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
17/160
, , - , - , , ..., - 1878.
, - - - -, , , . , 1878,
, - . , , , , 1881, . , - , .
, 1878, - . -
, . , - , , ,
. 1878 , , , . , .
, , , , , , .
, , , . . , , .
, ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
18/160
18
- .
, 1878 . -, , - , . - ,
1894 . 1896 500 , - 1878, - . 1896, , .
- ,
, . - - - . , . ,
1897, , . : , , - -, -, . 40.000 , . . - , , ,
. 1878 , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
19/160
, . . , , .
19 - . - , ,
. , 1897 , 1878, . 1893 .
. 1885, 58,8 , 18 19,7 . , 31 1885 14 1893.
1897. 18
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
20/160
20
1897 - . . - - . 97 , - -. , , ., -
- , , ,
.
- , - . , , . - - . , 1900
, - . -, , , - , ,
1897.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
21/160
Y V. Polli
1897. .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
22/160
22
, - . , , , .
-, , - .
, . -, 1897, . .
1899 - . , . , , 1906, - . , - -. , - .
23 1893, , -, ,
1897.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
23/160
. , - (), - . , 1896, - - , . , 1895, - , ( ),
: . , - , - ,
20 . 1902 , . 1903, , , .
2.000 .
, 1903,
'
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
24/160
24
. - , , , . - - . , ., , .
. - - : , , , -. - , - - , - .
() ().
( )
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
25/160
, , - -, , ,, - - , , - .
1903 - . . - , 10 - , , 40 - . ,
, . - , , . - , .
- - , , . 15 1903 - -
. , , , . , Bulletin d Orient, . 1903 ,
, ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
26/160
26
1903 -: , , , - , , , , - , .
-. , - . , 1904, 65, , , - , .
, (), ( )
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
27/160
- - Murzsteg, , , , .
. - , . -
. - . ,
, . . , , , . ,
,
1903, , ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
28/160
28
1903. . 24
1906 1908. ,
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
29/160
- . , , - , 20 . - , , . - ,
, .
- , , . , ,
, - . , , - 1904, . - -
. -, , , . -,
, , . . . , . , . , , , .
, : .
: . .
.
, . , , , , . .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
30/160
30
, - .
, 1904 -, ; - ;
, , -, , - . . - , 1902 . -
, . . . - , ;, . , , , - . -. , . 1904 .
(). (), , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
31/160
- (),
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
32/160
32
, - , , , . , - , , . , .
, - , - . .
, - 1904 ,
, , . . - . -, - 1904, : , , . -
- . . , .
- . , , -
-, -
, ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
33/160
, : . , - , . - , -, , , , .
,
, 1904, . , : ,
. ,
(1906)
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
34/160
34
- - .
- 1908, , , - - , , , , . ,
, , . . - 1904 70% . 30 . . , -
. . ; : , 1906 . .
, ,
. . - -!,
, , , - , .
1908, , , - . - , .
, - 1908
, - . . , - .
- , . - , , , ,
, - , 1908. , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
35/160
- . , 1897, . , - . (1899-1909) - . - . , , - 1901. -
, 1905 . - , 10
1905, , , , , . , . 1908 , . . 1906
, .
1906.
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
36/160
36
:
- , - - - 20 . , , - .
. - . - , -
20 . , - 10 1905, . . , - .
, ,
Z , - . 1908 - -.
1899.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
37/160
, . , , - . .
1909, , - . - , .
, - . - , , - -, . , .
. , , -. - . , , . , , .
, - 1909.
, , . , . , , , .
. , . , . 1909
. 1912-1913 , .
. , , 26 19 , H
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
38/160
38
. 20 , -. , 10 1905, . , , , .
, -
, -. 1910 - . 1912, ::
, , - . 15 .
: , : , .:
23 1909 .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
39/160
, - .:
;: .:
. -. , . , , .: .
. -
. 1913,
, .
1910, , . . , ,
, .
( ) 1904.
(
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
40/160
40
(5 1912) ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
41/160
,
'
. . . . . .
To 1912 2.700.000 , - , ,
. . , , : . -
, , .
,
( - .. ), . , , , , ( ) . , ,
, , , , , , , , , , 3.000 1898.
.
, .
, , . , . ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
42/160
42
, , , .
- . . -
. , , , - . : , . - .
- - - , .
, , -, , -, . ,
, 1881. - - - .
. 1908.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
43/160
. 1870 ( ) - 1878
, , - , . ,
,
.
- - , . - (1903-1908)-
1897
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
44/160
44
, . , . , , - - - ,
. -.
-.
-, - .
- . (.. , - ), - .
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
45/160
1897
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
46/160
46
, . .
, . , -, , - . . .
T - 1897
. H - - - , , - . H , , . O 1897 . 1906-1907 , , -.
, 1908, -
(1909)
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
47/160
. . , - 1909 - . - , , , . ,, , . , .
, ,. -
. 1897, . , . ( , , M , ,
1911. 1897,
19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
48/160
48
.
.
A , -, 1904 1912, 4 10 , . A. T , I (1911), ,
1
. H - .
- . ,
1897, . -
, . - - - .
, - . ... , ,
( )
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
49/160
1912.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
50/160
50
- -- .
O - .H , - , - -. O, 1912, E . M
-
O AH .T I(1911-1912), - A. 5O 1912, - B.
:
-
,
, , , 1911.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
51/160
- . 1911 -. , , 1914 1922. , , 1912;
( 1911- 1912) . - , -
,
() . , , , , - , - .
- -, .
, , , ,
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
52/160
52
. , , , . , , , .
- -- , . , - - -- .
. -
, 150.000 200.000 . , , .
, , , . - - , 23.000 , - 29.000 100.000 .
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
53/160
. , -- , , - . : , -, .
- . - - 1908 .
, , -,
. , . , .
. , . 1877, - - . , 191
13, 1877-78.
Redif,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
54/160
54
- 1914: . , - .
. 1912-13 , , .
1912
19 - , , - --, - . -
, . - . , .
-
, , -, - . - . . , - , , Redif,
1911
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
55/160
, . , - . - - . , , . - .
, -
-. , 598.000 . -, -, 320.000 . -
. - 200.000 - , 115.000 .
, , -, , - 1.203 1.115 . -, , , , -
.
. 11 () 13 (). .
() .
H
.
2
3 1
.
4 5
.
7 8 9
IV.
12
XVII.
10 11 Babaeski
4 12
Kircaali Kircaali Kircaali Mustahfiz36
5
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
56/160
56
, 5.000 . () 6.000-8.000 , () 3.000-4.000 .
- ( ) , 32 . - .
Halepli Zeki Pasha , 18 , . :
- Ali Rizah Pasha. 14 , .
- :
VIII
22 Naslic Aydin(
)
23 - (Yanya)
- (Selanik)
:
14
:
24
Ipec
21
Prizren
V.
13 15 16
Istip
V.
17 18
VII.
19
.
Denizli ]
Sandzak
20 (-)60 Metrovica Tashca, Firzovic, Taslica
7, 8
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
57/160
.
I (1911-1912) , ,
, . . - 1912- . , , , ,
.
600.000
1912
12.024
324.718
336.742
.. 47.960
2.318
388
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
58/160
58
. -, , - . , -. - .
. 5 O 1912, - B.
,
. - 600.000 - 4.300.000. -14% - - , , . - - - - ,
-
. -
. .
- , - 1.116 -.
.
, , . - - , -
. , - .
, -
.
, .
()
.
Halepli Zeki Pasha
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
59/160
, - .
-
80.000 , 123.000 ( ) , . 95.000 . -
. , , - Kirk Kilisse ( -).
, 2 (49.000 ) 7 (48.500 ) , .
. K
Kilisse ( ) 1 130 . , . . 130.0 110.000 . ,
1870 ( ) 1914, : 21.000 22.000.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
60/160
60
. - , , - . .
- . 180.000 140.000 - ., - 1912, .
, , , -
. 8.000 1.500. 13.000 . - 28.500 , 20.000 - . - . - 18.300 .
-
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
61/160
1912-1913. 14.000 , 50.000 - 20.000 . -, 15.000 80.000 .
255.000 - 2.912.000 . 8,76% - , . 228
10 , -. -, , .
, -, , - . -
. , 6.000 7.000 - . , , , , - , . , -, , , . .
. -
. , , . . .
.
. .
19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
62/160
62
, , . . HA . , - , 120.000 240.000, .
, , 1912 E
, -. H 120.000 220.000 , 350.000 B- 35.000 M. , , . - , . - , -.
, , 120.000 240.000.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
63/160
- , . .
, 100.000 -, 7 , 70 ,120 - 50 -, 35.000,
15.000 - .
, . , ,
. , , 2 ,
-
1912
29 73
3 11
9 39
8 84
30.000 100.000
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
64/160
64
. 65 66 , . , . - , . - - , .
, - ( 22 Naslic) 14
. 6 . , , - - , IV, V V . Naslic . - (Redif), . - .
65.000 (58 ) 16.000 (21 ). - .
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
65/160
- - 21- . - .
182 995 , ( ) 500 1.000 . . - -
- .
O O . M. 19 O, , , , . - - 14 ,
. . ,
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
66/160
66
, , ,IV VI . , . - .
260 , 1.000 200 188 785 . - - .
.
, . ,
. . . , . - , , . ,
(), V 24 . - . , -
- - - . , . .
, , . T A - , , 26 O
. O - , . O , X T , 25.000 . -, , .
, , .
H - M - E . H , , -
, B, E, - .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
67/160
, N M. - (Bitola), . , ,, V - - K. , -
, , , . .
20 N, , B M . H E ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
68/160
68
I .
I .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
69/160
. H , 1913, - - A. , , - .
, . -
, , . . , , , . , , -
I . - , , . - , , . -
- .
, 1913, , - -
, K. H . O 20 T , , E, , , , 2.800 8.600 . 30.000
, 26.000 ,
,
. . , , . , , , ,
. H M, .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
70/160
70
- , - . ,
- . -, . ,
. - -
- . .
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
71/160
o
. A, ( 1905 -1910, I, ): 9.960 , 550, - 22,5 : 90 200 ., 50 ., - 200 ., 175 .: 4 254/45 . (- Armstrong), 8 190/45 .,16 76 ., 2 (458 .)
: 950.750 ( A 300.000 )
, , , ( 1889-1890, , 1897-1900): 4.810 , 440, - 17 ( 1912 12 )
: 75 300 ., 60 ., 310 .: 2 270/36 . (- Canet), 1 270/30 ., 3 - 150/45 ., 8 65 .,2 305 . 380 . . 1912
N . X .
, , A, I, ,
( 1912, A, A, 1912 E A . E O, : 980 , 120, 30 : 4 102 (Bethlehem), 1 37 .4 450
K, N , ( 1912, . O O: 560 , 90, 31 : 4 88 .2 450
, , N, ,
( 1907, A): 350 , 70, 30 : 2 76 ., 4 57 .2 450
A, N, , B, ( 1906, ): 350 , 70 ,
30 : 2 76 ., 4 57 .2 450
11, 12, 14, 15, 16, ( 1885, , 1905)
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
72/160
72
: 85 , 70, 30 : 1 2 350 .
, ( 1912, ): 295/450 , 70, - 12/8 1 450 . 4
, A, 1881 .A M E.
A, A, E,, 1884 .A M E.
Turgut Reis, Hairedin
Barbarossa, ( 1891, , 1903. - 1910): 9.900 , 580, - 17 ( 1912 13 -14 ): () 300 390 ., 55 ., 320 .:4 281/40 ., 2 - 281/35 ., 8 105/35
., 8 88 ., 2 (450 .)
Messudieh, ( 1874, A, 1902): 9.140 , 600, - 16 ( 1912
13 - 14 ): 170-300 ., - 35 ., 300 . ( , ): 2 234/40 ., 12 152/45 ., 14 76., 10 57 .,
AssariTevfik, ( 1868, , 1906): 4.690 , 350, - 15 ( 1912 9): 3 150/40 ., 7 120/40 ., 6 57., N 1913.
MuiniZaffer, ( 1869, 1904): 2.360 , 220, - 15 ( 1912 12 ): () 75-150.: 4 150/40 ., 6 - 76 ., 1 (350 .)
.
T Feth-i-Blend, 1879, - - - , - 18 O 1912 11.
Mecidiye, ( 1903, HA)
: 3.480 , 300, - 22 ( 1912 20 ): 2 152/45 ., 8 - 120/45 ., 6 47 .,6 37 ., 2 (457 .)
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
73/160
Hamidiye, ( 1903, A): 3.900 , 400, - 22 ( 1912 20 ): 2 152/45 ., 8 - 120/50 ., 6 47 .,6 37 ., 2 (457 .)
Peyki Sevket, BerkiSatvet, ( 1906-1907, ): 775 , 125, - 22 ( 1912 20): 2 105/40 ., 6 -
47 ., 6 57/40 .,2 37 ., 3 (450 .)
Muaveneti Milliye, YadigariMillet, NmuneHamiyet,Gayreti Vataniye, ( 1908, ): 765 , 90, - 30 ( 1912 26)
: 2 75/50 ., 2 - 57 .3 (450 .)
Samsun, Yarhisar, Tasoz,Basra, ( 1907, ): 285 , 70, - 28 ( 1912 20): 1 65/50 ., 1 -
47/50 .2 (450 .)
Antalya, Akhisar, Ktahya,Musul, Drac, Yunnuz, ( 1904 - 1906, I): 165 , 30,
24 ( 1912 20 ): 2 37 . ( )2 (450 .)To Antalya N.
Demirhisar, Sultanhisar,Hamidabad, ( 1906, ): 95 , 20, ( 1912 22 ): 2 37 .3 (450 .)
T B.
***
.
. , , . , , , .
- - .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
74/160
74
. .
, - , . , , , , , . - - 1912- ,
, -. -
T , . , .
1912 , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
75/160
. 20 1912, . .
3 , ( X M, TP, M A-T) , , , K -. -
- - -. O , - . A , , - .T K
A, , , . T - - . E -. O , .
-. - . M
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
76/160
76
, , -, - . , A O A - . , - . A ,
. , . H , , .
- ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
77/160
, - . . - . T 1913 X -
- , , A, - M. H , ,
M. O K , . 5 I , M 8
, . , , .
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
78/160
78
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
79/160
O - . A , - . M , M- , . T ,
A M. T , .
H . , - 13,5 - . H
Y
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
80/160
80
A, 7.000. O M- T P, , - - A . H , , .
A, , - , . , M- 32 55 ,
-. T T P 9 49 . , M, . O - , , . H A , , -
.
H I, A - B , 18 M 1913, . , . , , , , , 1914, , B- O .
340.000
. 2.500.000 - , 1911 1922.
- .
191213
470.000.000
100.000.000
590.000.000
1.300.000.000
()
14.000
20.000
50.000
84.000
18.000
25.000
43.000
5.000
23.000
28.000
3.000
7.000
10.000
()
50.00075.000
100.000
115.000( 30.000 - , 10.000 - ).
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
81/160
EI
1. T Dreadnought, -
1906. O
-
.
M 8 12
4 (-). O
A' .
2.
.
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
82/160
82
Edward Lear 19 .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
83/160
1912.
1912. , . . . , .
. . -
- : 27
1912;
-: , , , , .
1.
.
19 , . . .
. : 1870 , . 18 . .
(1900).
. , , (1430). ,
.
. .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
84/160
84
- . , - , . . 1905 - - -,
.
, , . , ,
- - .
19 , . . - ,
. Edward Lear
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
85/160
, , , , . . (, -, ), .
- , , , -
. , , .
, , , - . - , ,
().
- , -. - - . , ( ). (), , - , () .
. (, , ( ) , . , , .
1874 ( ) .
, . . 1874 , .
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
86/160
86
- , - .
- , -, . ( ) -. , , - , - .
( 1913 ).
1900 - , , , . ( ).
- - , -. , 20
. ,
20 . , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
87/160
, .
, , - - (), () . - . (= ), ( ) -
. .
, , . .
18 19 . , ,
. :
( ),
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
88/160
88
, 19 . . 19 . 1864. - , . 1500 1800 - . , - ().
-
. - ( ). (). - ( ) -, . . - . , , ().
-, - -.
, ( , )
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
89/160
, - , . ( - 1874, ) . 1900 , , - .
1874 1900. , , ( ), - , . . -
James Minch 1884:
380 , - . () , . . , . . , ,
. , ( )
, ( .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
90/160
90
- - . - . () . , - . . . : . -, , , , , - - , .
. , . [. & . , ].
1900 (), -, .
- . 500 . -, . 19 - , . , , , , , , . , , - .
. (1847-1924) - 1890:
, , , , .
To 1898
, .
. ( )
Chteau mon bonheur
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
91/160
. , - . - (...) (omnibus) - . -
. , , , - (...) , , .
(1890) (189 , , . 200 , . , ,
(=) , 1912 . (, , ) ( ).
18 200
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
92/160
92
. ,
1902, Maurice Pottecher : , - , ,, , - . , . -
. - , 4 5 , , () , -, . () , . [. & . -, , ].
O, . 1917
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
93/160
, - 1890:
- . , , Belle Vie, ( ) . , -. ' . ,
.
-- - : [ , = ] , . , , .
-, . , , , Cennet[=],Buyukdere[= ] Iskenderiye[=-].
: -
, , venir , , - . - -
. [. & . ].
, Albert CharWratislaw (1862-1938), 1885:
[ 1885] 120.000. . ,
, , , . , , .
, , .
, Stanford Shaw, ,
. , . ( ),
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
94/160
94
. - , . , - . , . - , , .
1903/1904 - ( M. Sas-
maz), 83.430 , 43.254 41.107 . . , - , . , .
, - 1, . : 55,5%, 30% ( ) 14,5% . , , . , - - - , , - 17
, . , - . , - , , ,, .
1
, 13211903/1904.
43.254 41.107 83.430
23.583 23.215 46.798
13.452 11.677 25.129
, :
6.219 6.215 12.434
6 7 13
0 0 0
1 2 3 Latin
5 10 15
11 13 24
0 0 0
16 12 28
9 7 16
66 72 138
700 752 1.452
92 40 132
5.313 5.300 10.613
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
95/160
- . - 12,5% . , - 1,7% .
(yerli), (yabanci), - , 15.289. , , 2.
, , - . - - - . ,
, . - , , .
2 . , . , -, , , - , . - ,
(. 3).
, 1321
1903/1904.
5.096 10.193 15.28
249 275 52
2.655 4.919 7.57
, :
2.192 4.999 7.19
6 22 2
0 2
2 7
Latin
7 4 1
13 24 3
0 1
6 74 8
15 19 3
75 171 24
576 1669 2.24
24 75 9
1.468 2.931 4.39
2
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
96/160
96
3
4 - , - . , , . , 47,5% , 32,8% 19,7%, 15% , 3,7% 1% .
4
2.
. , - , . . John FosterFraser (1860-1936), 1907:
. , . . -, , ,
, , , , . , - , . .
, . -, ,
. - , . , , -. .
:
. -, ,
, 1903/1904
43.254 41.107 84.361
5.096 10.193 15.289
48.350 51.300 99.650
,
47,49%
32,82%
0,04%
0,00%
0,01%
Latin 0,03%
0,06%
0,00%
0,11%
0,05%
0,39%
3,71%
0,23%
15,06%
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
97/160
, - . , .
- - - - . . . . ,
,
- - . , , , , . []
, , , []. , . , . , .
(
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
98/160
98
, John Foster Fraser
1905.
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
99/160
, , , -. . , - , . - , - . , - .
,
, . , . - , . , - ,
caf chantant . .
- , . , , , , .
, - .
. , , .
-, !
, . , ,
Mehmed Kapandji, ,
. ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
100/160
100
( , -), , , , , , , , -, , . , -, , , . , . - ,
, , . -, .
,
. 1870 , , . 18 , , - , (= ). , - , , (
), - (1908-1909).
1908 , , . - , Journal de Salonique
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
101/160
, , , .
- . - , . ,
. , , . , , , , , , , .
, , . 19 , 1895
, . 19 , , . : , , , .
, . , , , . , . Idadiye 19 ). , 1909
.
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
102/160
102
.
( ) .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
103/160
, .
1912 , -, - . , , - - , . 10 12 , 5
( 300 ). .
1910
33 83 19 . , , , . , , .
, ,
. . . ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
104/160
104
. - , . , , , - . . 10% .
-. , , . - . .
- , ( ). , - . , , . , , .
- 1911
. - . , .
. , ,
.
19 . - 17, . - , 1890, . -, , , . , . ,
, , , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
105/160
1904 - , . - , , ,
424. ( -) , , . - ( ). , , , , ,
, - . . 1908 , , -.
1911 - . 300. . , - . , , ,
( ) . , . , . .
1911. , . , . .
1912
1903, 22.000
1880. , , : 19.1 , 27.000 (1911), 23.540 (1913).
, , ,
( .
20 , .
, , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
106/160
106
, . , , . , - . exofficio .
1880 -. - . ( )
, . - -, .
. - . ( - ) - , . . (1893) , -. , - , ( , 1908),
- , .
1912 - ,
. . 1903. .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
107/160
-. , , . . (-, 13.05.12). (). , ' - , . . -
, ( ) ( ) .
, . . . 39 , 1912 1951. . , (1874) .
, ,
( 1904). , .
, , . . 19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
108/160
108
, 1926.
. , . - 1901 . - : ,
. , - , ,
. - [] . - 24 . , , , , .. , , . , , , .
- .
19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
109/160
- , , , - . , - , . 50 30 - .
, 84 ,
11 , . (1856-1939), , 1908 1919.
- - (1859-1940) -
(1862-1934), , - , . , -.
,
, - , , , . , .
, . ( - -, , , ) . , ,
, . , , , , , 700.000 .
, . - -
. . , .
- - , . 73.000 , ,
. , , 85.000 .
60.000 .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
110/160
110
( ), . ( 50.000 ) -, . . , , , , .
, . - , 100.000.
, . , , . - , , -, , . -, , .
, , .
- -. - - 20 - , 300 .. - . 8-10% ( ) - 700 1.500 . ,
150 -200, 40-50 .
, - . - - , 3.200 , . , - .
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
111/160
, F-dration Socialiste Ouvrire de Salonique, - , 1909. 100 , . , - , 1909. , . - 1912 .
, . -
, , , .
3.
1912 Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiy( ) 20, . 1906
, - -
20
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
112/160
112
. - 1908. , - . -, , . . .
10 1908
. . . - , . - . 17 1908 .
, - - . . , 1877, - . , , -
.
27 1908, - , - , -
. 7 - , - , - . -. , . - Ittihat. , .
1908
1876. 19 , 20.700 - ( , , 25
). , 500 . 41 , 22 , : , -, . , 1911 , , -
.
- ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
113/160
. , . 1910 , , - -. , , .
,
, 19 , . .
. -, . ,
Splendid 19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
114/160
114
, , .. , , , . , 1908, . , , , .
, - , Ittihad
, , . - , .
, ,
, , , - : , . . . (...) [ ] - , , .
-, -
( , ..), , .
1910
1910 - , - - . , 4 , 3 - 5 , 3 -
. , -, , 1.871 , , , 559 .
. .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
115/160
1911
1911 , - . - . , - - . . , ., , , .
. -
- , . -
- - . , . . , , . . , , . - - 19 19 (22.6.1912).
, , , (1912-1916, 1920-1922).
19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
116/160
116
1912
1912. - , - - , -. .
4.
20 , - . - . ,
- . 1870 750 120 . . 1902. - . , , , .
, 1870, ,
, . , 1906-1907 , 8 .
1900.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
117/160
1907, , , , , , -. , . , , - . , - .
20 -.
- . , -
, , , 1906 . , .
3 (1906) 4 1911. , , . 60.000
( ), 50.000 (
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
118/160
118
), 200.000 350.000 ( ), 180.000 . , , 620.000 175.000 . - , .
, 2.000-2.500 . , - . 150.000-
200.000 , , - .
- 1,5 . , , , , - .
, 240.000-400.000 , -. (300.000 ) . 1912 , - - , .
- -.
520.000 - . 4.000-10.000 , 100.000 -. - 2.000-5.000 , . . 1906 , . .
-
, . - - . - 150.000 30.000 , .
1909-1911 170.000
-. , 1909 . , - , - , 20.000 , ,
.
, , 1909-1911, - 260.000 -, , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
119/160
-, - 500 -, 1.000-10.000 . . . , . , , , .
. . , -
, , -
. , . , .
, ,
() 19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
120/160
120
, , , , .
- , -. , , , , -, .
-
, . ,
, - , , ( - 1913). , , , , . , , , -
. , . ,
()
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
121/160
. , - .
, - . - , - . , , . , -
-, . 1911 , , . - - ,
.
-, .
. 6% , -. , . -
, Zirat Bankasi, .
. 1906 , , , . 70.000 , .
.
1907 , . . , 1908, .
- - . ,1909, . .
1910 , , , ,
. , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
122/160
122
1911 . . - , , - , , . -. 1912
-, .
, , 27 1912;
1912 . .
,
. , . , -. , - , , , . , , . , - - -
, , . -.
, , - , . , , -
. ( 100 . ) . , 1912 - .
: . (1910-1912) (1911-1912)
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
123/160
E. A Cooperman, Turco-Jewish relationsin the Ottoman city of Salonica, 1889-1912: two communities in support of theOttoman Empire, unpublished Thesis(Ph. D.), New York University, 1991.
B. Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia;Socio-economic Change and the RailwayFactor, Boulder, New York, 1993.
A. Kansu, The revolution of 1908in Turkey, Brill, Leiden, 1997.
A. J. Panayotopoulos, Early relations
between the Greeks and the Young Turks,Balkan Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, 1980, pp. 87-95.
E. E. Ramsaur, The Young Turks:Prelude to the Revolution of 1908,Russell & Russell, London, 1970.
M kr Haniolu, The Young Turksin Opposition, Oxford University Press,New York, 1995, pp. 33-167.
M. kr Haniolu, Preparation for aRevolution; the Young Turks, 1902-1908,Oxford University Press, New York, 2001.
E. Hekimoglou, The Jewish Bourgeoisiein Thessaloniki, 1906-1911: Assets andBankruptcies, JewishCommunities of S.E. Europe, , 1997, . 175-183.
M amaz, Analysis of the Population
Table of the Census of Salonica of 1903-4, OTAM, 5 (1994), pp. 349-377.
Turkey. No. 1 (1909). Correspondence respectingthe constitutional movement in Turkey, 1908.Presented to both Houses by Command ofHis Majesty, March 1909, London,1909.
Turkey. Report for the Year 1910 on theTrade of the Consular District of Salonica.No. 4797 Annual Series. Diplomatic andConsular Reports, London 1911.
Esra Danaciolu & . , 100 : . :University Studio Press, 1998.
. - . , 1430-1930,: & : 2008.
. & . , : , 1 , : , 2004.
& . , 1900-1940.
, ,: , 2004.
. , . . , :University Studio Press, 1996.
. , :
1911, : 1991.
. , , 1905-1912, 6 ( 2001), . 123-140.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
124/160
124
( ) ( , )
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
125/160
.
Y
. . . 1917. . .
, - , ,
. , . ,
.
. , . , , 140.000 1914, 24.000
. , , , , , .
. , . . :
. , , . , ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
126/160
126
.
, :
, , , - - ; -, - ,
, , , ,
, .
- - CarnegieEndowment for International Peace 1914 , .
- 1914.
. , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
127/160
. , - . , , - . , 1915-1918, - , , , -
, .
-
. . , .
.
19 .
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
128/160
128
.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
129/160
. -, . , , . , - , , - . , ,
.
-
. . , , . , .
, .
19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
130/160
130
, - . : , - . - . - , .
, ,
caf-chantants, , , .. , , -. - , . , , 20 , - . - , - .
,
. 1917, ,
(: Elias Petropoulos, Salonique. Lincendie de 1917, Thessalonique 1980)
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
131/160
1917, 2/3 . , . , -. - , - . - . , -. , , ,
1922.
, , . . .
, .
, (27-11-1919)
20 7 . () L Independent (:
, . , 19
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
132/160
132
-. , - . 60.000 - , '
40.000 - . , 45.000 , - 1913-1923.
. : 1913, 157.889 , 61.439 (38,9%), 45.867 - (29%), 39.956 (25,3%), 6.262
(3,9%) 4.364 (2,7%). - - - . 1916, 165.704, 68.205 (41,16%),
,
( , 1916)
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
133/160
61.400(37%), 30.000 (18,10%) (4.300, 2,59%), 1.800 (1,08%).
- .
GastonNitzer, 1915. :
[...] 13 1915. . . .
, - . - . . . - , , ,
. . , , , . .
( , ) .
, ,
. : , , , , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
134/160
134
-
, 1,10 . , . , .
, ( ) , , - , , - . ,
, , , , . 371 , , 372 -. -.
.
. , -. , . . - , . .
, , - . , , . - ., , ..
Gaston Nitzer. (:
, . , 1997)
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
135/160
,
. - , , [].1
, , Harry Charles Luke, - 1915 :
[...] -
11 , . , - . .
.
( ) [...].
, .
. , , , . ,
(: . , 199
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
136/160
136
.
(:Elias Petropoulos,
Salonique.Lincendie de 1917,
Thessalonique 1980).
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
137/160
- , .
, , -, , . - ,
, , - . - . - .
, , . , , . - .
, , , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
138/160
138
( ),
.
1917 (:
, .
,
1997).
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
139/160
. , - - , - , . , - , . 1914 -. , ,
, , , .
, - , .
- . -, , . - - , . - , - .
. . , . .
, 1907, ,
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
140/160
140
, , , , . , , - , , - , .
, , , .
, . , . , , , , , , Derebeyi,
.
, -, , . E -
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
141/160
, - - , . , .- , , . , , , , - .
, - . , , , - , . , ( ). -
, . -, [...].2
, , - , -
. , - 42,6% 1912 88,8% 1926. -
70.000 . 1925, 160.000 , 19 80.000 , .
.
, . , . 1912. , ,
, , .
, , . , ,
. , . , .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
142/160
142
, , , -. , - -, , , , .. - - .
1915 , .
- , - . , ,
1916 1920 1922. - , . - 1914. 1915, -
. , , ( - ) 1928.
, , , . . -, , - . , , .
, .
. - - ,
, - , .
, , , - .
, . , . - ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
143/160
, .
- (- ), 1909 . , -, 1914 . 1914 , ,
, . , 1915 , , , , , . .
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
144/160
144
1923
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
145/160
, - , - 31 1915. : , - -. 59% , - : , , ,
- , - ..
(- 1915), - ,
1920. , - - , , (), - . ( , ) - , . - , 3 74 .
52.487 24.332 , 15.236 12.9. , , , . , . ,
,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
146/160
146
1923, 1928, 1932 1933.
20 - . , 1920 , . - -
- . , 17 1913-1925. , , , 1919 1923. -
.
1930 - , , , . , . , , -, : - , 1920; - , -
1924.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
147/160
.
, : , , , , , , ,
. , , - - 20 , . ,
:
, , .
, . () . ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
148/160
148
( ), 1920 , 1923
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
149/160
O . , , - , - , . - , .A
- .
- , - 1920. 1925 -
, , , 77.000 , 5,3% -. 104.000 1920 27.000 1924, . ,
1.277.000 , 88,3% . 1929, - , -
82.000 . 1928, , 81.984 80.789 .
104.0 1920 1904 Bulletin d' Orient, . Bulletin d' Orient : ) 652.7 ) 332.162 .
Bulletin d' Orient , La Macdoine et l' Hellnisme. tude historiqet ethnologique , 488.484
115.909 , .
, , , , , ( ), (), , , , . , , , .
, , 4% 15% , 5% ,2% , 3% , 1% , 9% , 3% ,14% , 10% 3% , 14% , 2
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
150/160
150
, 1% 14% .
1920, - , () - . . (Abraham) 1925 - , (Campbell),, , - 80.000 100.000. , , - 70.000, -
. , , -, .
- . -
, , . , - -, .
( ) 1930 160.000 . , - , ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
151/160
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
152/160
152
11% - .
- - - - , . , -, - -- . , -
, - - . , ,
, - . , - , , - - - - . 40 , , , .
77.000, . , 1912-1920.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
153/160
. , 1912-1924, 1925, .. 5-9.
. , . , 1994, . 40.
( )/1900//,
, . ,, 27 1900, . . 70.
. . , , 1929, . 10.
Giovanni Amadori-Virgilj, La QuestioneRumeliota e la Politica Italiana, 1908.
Archives dela Societe des Nations 1919-1946/Office Autonome pour l' Etablissementdes Refugies Grecs: Files of Mr. Charles B.Eddy/ C.129, No 1, (Abraham) (Campbell), , 8 1925.
Offfice Autonomepour l' Etablissementdes Refugies Grecs: Files of Mr. Charles B.Eddy/C.129, No 1, , (;) 11 29 1925.
Commission d' Etablissement des Refugies,Athenes, Carte Ethnographique de laMacedoine hellenique indiquant la proportionentre les divers elements ethniques en 1912(ayant les guerres balkaniques) et 1926 (apresInstallation des refuges),
Socit des Nations, L'tablissementdes Rfugis en Grce, 1926
. R. - Wilkinson, Maps and Politis, 1951, .. 264-268. , Wilkinson .
, , 1974.
, , v, 1981.
A. A. Pallis, Macedonia and the MacedonianA Historical Study, 1949.
V. Colocotronis, La Macdoine et L' Hellnismtude Historique et Ethnologique, 1919
. , .
, 1950.
, 3394, 26 1930, . 3.
E. Chr. Helmreich, The Diplomacy ofthe Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, 1938, .. 36-81.
. , , 1908-1914,
, 1954, .. 452-471.
. , , , , 1977, .. 290-292.
B. - . ,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
154/160
154
. 1912 , 2002, .. 33-35.
. , , 20 , 2: 1900-1922: (. .), 1999, .. 165-167.
. (.), . , 1912-1913, 1993.
D. Dakin, The Greek Struggle for Macedonia,1897-1913, 1993, .. 472, 476, 477.
St. K. Pavlowitch, , 1804-1945 (. .), 2005.
. Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts.Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950, .. 2004, 334-337.
D. Djordjevi, ,1800-1918 (. . ), 2001, .. 397-402.
:
. . , , 1915-1918. , , 8 (1996), 165-180.
:
-
, The Salonica Theater of Operations andthe Outcome of the Great War, 2005.
. , , 1912, 1986, 131-140.
. , , , 8 (1980-82), 150-188.
:
. , ,1856-1919: , 2001, .. 265-279.
,. . (. ), , (. . ),
1997, .. 359-366.
. . , , 1912-1940: , : . (. . . ), , 1997, .. 199-200.
. , , 1875-1920, 1995, .. 189-247.
V. S. Colonas, Salonique pendant la
Premire Guerre mondiale, The SalonicaTheater of Operations, .. 237-250.
A. Palmer, The Gardeners of Salonika, 1965, .. 150-151.
. -,
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
155/160
, : 20 , 1, 1900-1922: (. . ), 1999,.. 249-253, Mazower, .., .. 318-331.
. . , , 1917-1918, 2000, .. 185-237.
B. Hammard, Le rle des troupes de Saloniquedans la victoire allie de 1918, The SalonicaTheater of Operations, .. 309-319, A. Mitrovi,Political Consequences of the Break Up ofthe Salonica Front, , .. 321-342.
N. Petsalis-Diomidis, Greece atthe Paris Peace Conference (1919), 1978, .. 286-288
St. P. Ladas, The Exchange ofMinorities. Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, 1932, .. 122-123.
. . , (1912-1930).
, 2003, .. 67-89, 144, 160.
. . , (1912-1913), 1951, . 51.
. . , 1912-1924, 1925, .. 5-16.
. . ,
, , 1910, 1912, 1986, .. 107-112.
. , , . , , ,
(. . - . ) , 1992, . 78.
. . , , , .. 24-27.
. . , (1912-1914). , , .. 212, 223.
G. The. Mavrogordatos, Stillborn Republic.Social Coalitions and Party Strategies in
Greece, 1922-1936, - - 1983, .. 280-282, 286-288.
. . , . , 1870-1940, , 29 (1994), 220-226.
. . , : , , 41 (1990), 315-335.
. - . , ,1909-1918. , 1989, .. 132-186.
. . , , 1978, .. 61-78.
. ,
(1915-1936), , 2 (2000), 177-191.
J. R. Lampe, Yugoslavia as History. Twice thewas a Country, 2000, .. 96-97.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
156/160
156
I. Banac, The National Question inYugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics,- 1984, .. 318-320.
J. D. Bell, Peasants in Power.Alexander Stamboliiski and theBulgarian Agrarian NationalUnion, 1899-1923, 1977, .. 203-204.
. , (1919-
1928), , 1996, .. 168-175.
R. J. Crampton, A ConciseHistory of Bulgaria, - 1997, .. 143-146.
A. Kalionski - V. Kolev, : , .
(.. . , . . ), 2004, .. 290-292.
1. .
. (.),
1430-1930.
,
, 2008, 203-204.
2. .
. (.),
1430-1930.
,
, 2008, 205-209.
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
157/160
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
158/160
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
159/160
-
7/29/2019 6. , 100
160/160
