55

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55.1 kaqoplivzw: to arm completely with weapons - to arm fully. o{tan oJ ijscuro;" kaqwplismevno" fulavssh/ th;n eJautou` aujlhvn, ejn eijrhvnh/ ejsti;n ta; uJpavrconta aujtou` when a strong man who is fully armed guards his house, his belongings are safe Lk 11.21. In some languages the equivalent of to be fully armed is to have all the weapons one needs to defend oneself or to have the weapons needed in order to be safe.

B To Fight (55.2-55.6)

55.2 ejgeivromaic: to go to war against - to rise up in arms against, to make war against. ejgerqhvsetai ga;r e[qno" ejp e[qno" one country will make war against another country Mk 13.8.

55.3 uJpantavwb: to oppose in battle - to meet in battle, to face in battle. prw`ton bouleuvsetai eij dunatov" ejstin ejn devka ciliavsin uJpanth`sai tw/` meta; ei[kosi ciliavdwn ejrcomevnw/ ejp aujtovn he will first decide if he is strong enough with ten thousand men to face in battle the one who comes against him with twenty thousand men Lk 14.31.

55.4 strateuvomaia; strateiva, a" f: to engage in war or battle as a soldier - to battle, to fight, to engage in war, warfare.strateuvomaia tauvthn th;n paraggelivan parativqemaiv soii{na strateuvh/ ejn aujtai`" th;n kalh;n strateivan this command I entrust to youthat by these (weapons) you may wage the good battle 1 Tm 1.18.

strateiva ta; ga;r o{pla th`" strateiva" hJmw`n ouj sarkika; ajlla; dunata; tw/` qew/` the weapons we use in our battle are not the worlds but Gods powerful weapons 2 Cor 10.4.

strateuvomaia and strateiva in 1 Tm 1.18 and 2 Cor 10.4 are used figuratively, and it may be essential to mark this figurative usage as a type of simile. For example, in 1 Tm 1.18 strateuvomai may be rendered as you may, so to speak, wage the good battle or it is like you are fighting. Similarly, in 2 Cor 10.4 strateiva may be rendered as in what is like a battle for us.

55.5 polemevwa; povlemo"a, ou m: to engage in open warfare - to wage war, war, fighting.

polemevwa oJ Micah;l kai; oiJ a[ggeloi aujtou` tou` polemh`sai meta; tou` dravkonto" Michael and his angels waged war against the dragon Re 12.7.

povlemo"a mellhvsete de; ajkouvein polevmou" kai; ajkoa;" polevmwn you are going to hear of wars and rumors of war Mt 24.6.

55.6 mavcairab, h" f; rJomfaivab, a" f (figurative extensions of meaning of mavcairaa sword, 6.33, and rJomfaivaa broad sword, 6.32) war, fighting, conflict.

mavcairab oujk h\lqon balei`n eijrhvnhn ajlla; mavcairan I did not come to bring peace, but conflict Mt 10.34. For another interpretation of mavcaira in Mt 10.34, see 39.25.

rJomfaivab ajpoktei`nai ejn rJomfaiva/ kai; ejn limw/` kai; ejn qanavtw/ to kill with war, famine, and disease Re 6.8. It is possible that rJomfaiva in Re 6.8 should be understood in its literal meaning of broad sword (see 6.32).

C Army (55.7-55.13)

55.7 stratovpedon, ou n; stravteumaa, to" n: a large organized group of soldiers - army.

stratovpedon o{tan de; i[dhte kukloumevnhn uJpo; stratopevdwn jIerousalhvm when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies Lk 21.20.

stravteumaa ei\don to; qhrivon kai; tou;" basilei`" th`" gh`" kai; ta; strateuvmata aujtw`n sunhgmevna poih`sai to;n povlemon then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies gathered to make war Re 19.19.

55.8 legiwvn, w`no" f: a Roman army unit of about six thousand soldiers - legion, army. h] dokei`" o{ti ouj duvnamai parakalevsai to;n patevra mou, kai; parasthvsei moi a[rti pleivw dwvdeka legiw`na" ajggevlwn dont you know that I could call on my Father and at once he would send me more than twelve legions of angels? Mt 26.53. The expression twelve legions of angels indicates a very large group of angels; accordingly, the meaning may be rendered as many, many angels or thousands of angels.

55.9 spei`ra, h" f: a Roman military unit of about six hundred soldiers, though only a part of such a cohort was often referred to as a cohort - cohort, band of soldiers. Kornhvlio", eJkatontavrch" ejk speivrh" th`" kaloumevnh" jItalikh`" Cornelius, a captain of the cohort called The Italian Ac 10.1; jIouvda" labw;n th;n spei`ran kai; ejk tw`n ajrcierevwn kai; ejk tw`n Farisaivwn uJphrevta" e[rcetai ejkei` Judas came there with a group of soldiers and some temple guards sent by the chief priests and Pharisees Jn 18.3.

55.10 stravteumab, to" n: a small detachment of soldiers - some soldiers, a few soldiers, a small group of soldiers. ejxouqenhvsa" de; aujto;n kai; oJ Hrw/vdh" su;n toi`" strateuvmasin aujtou` kai; ejmpaivxa" Herod and some of his soldiers made fun of him and treated him with contempt Lk 23.11; ejkevleusen to; stravteuma kataba;n aJrpavsai aujtovn he commanded a group of soldiers to go down and seize him Ac 23.10.

55.11 tetravdion, ou n: a detachment of four soldiers - squad, group of four soldiers. e[qeto eij" fulakhvn, paradou;" tevssarsin tetradivoi" stratiwtw`n fulavssein aujtovn he was put in jail where he was handed over to be guarded by four groups of four soldiers each Ac 12.4.

55.12 praitwvrionb, ou n: a detachment of soldiers serving as the palace guard - group of soldiers, palace guard. w{ste tou;" desmouv" mou fanerou;" ejn Cristw/` genevsqai ejn o{lw/ tw/` praitwrivw/ kai; toi`" loipoi`" pa`sin so that all the palace guard and all others recognize that my being in prison is because of Christ Php 1.13.

55.13 koustwdiva, a" f: a group of soldiers serving as a guard - guard. e[cete koustwdivan: uJpavgete ajsfalivsasqe wJ" oi[date take a guard; go and guard (the grave) as well as you know how Mt 27.65.

D Soldiers, Officers (55.14-55.22)

55.14 stratopevdarco", ou m: one in command of a military camp - camp commander. parevdwke tou;" desmivou" tw/` stratopedavrcw/ he turned the prisoners over to the camp commander Ac 28.16 (apparatus).

55.15 cilivarco", ou m: a military officer, normally in command of a thousand soldiers - commanding officer, general, chiliarch. hJ ou\n spei`ra kai; oJ cilivarco" kai; oiJ uJphrevtai tw`n jIoudaivwn sunevlabon to;n jIhsou`n the cohort with their commanding officer and the Jewish guards arrested Jesus Jn 18.12.

55.16 kenturivwn, wno" m; eJkatovntarco" or eJkatontavrch", ou m: a Roman officer in command of about one hundred men - centurion, captain.

kenturivwn oJ kenturivwn oJ paresthkw;" ejx ejnantiva" aujtou` the centurion who was standing there in front of it Mk 15.39.

eJkatovntarco" prosh`lqen aujtw/` eJkatovntarco" parakalw`n aujtovn a centurion met him and begged for help Mt 8.5. For eJkatontavrch", see Ac 10.1.

In a number of languages, centurion can very readily be rendered by a phrase such as a commander of a hundred soldiers, but in many instances the closest natural equivalent is simply captain.

55.17 stratiwvth", ou m: a person of ordinary rank in an army - soldier. tovte oiJ stratiw`tai tou` hJgemovno" paralabovnte" to;n jIhsou`n eij" to; praitwvrion then the governors soldiers took Jesus into the palace Mt 27.27.

In some languages the normal equivalent of stratiwvth" would be one who carries a gun, but such an expression would be completely anachronistic. Some translators have attempted to substitute a phrase such as one who carries a sword, but this has failed in most cases since it suggests merely individual violence instead of organized warfare. It may therefore be important to use a phrase such as one who fights under command or one who is charged by the rulers to fight.

55.18 strateuvomaib: (derivative of stratiwvth" soldier, 55.17) to engage in military activity as a soldier - to serve as a soldier, to be a soldier. ejphrwvtwn de; aujto;n kai; strateuovmenoi levgonte", Tiv poihvswmen kai; hJmei`" some soldiers also asked him, What shall we do? Lk 3.14.

55.19 stratologevwa: to cause someone to be a soldier - to enlist soldiers. oujdei;" strateuovmeno" ejmplevketai tai`" tou` bivou pragmateivai", i{na tw/` stratologhvsanti ajrevsh/ no soldier gets himself mixed up in civilian life, because he must please the man who enlisted him 2 Tm 2.4. In some languages it may be necessary to specify somewhat more clearly the relationship involved in to enlist soldiers. For example, the last part of 2 Tm 2.4 may be rendered as because he must please the one who caused him to be a soldier or who got him to be a soldier or who induced him to be a soldier for him. For another interpretation of stratologevw in 2 Tm 2.4, see 55.20.

55.20 stratologevwb: to be a commanding officer of a group of soldiers - to be an army commander, to be an army officer. oujdei;" strateuovmeno" ejmplevketai tai`" tou` bivou pragmateivai", i{na tw/` stratologhvsanti ajrevsh/ no soldier gets himself mixed up in civilian life, because he must please his army officer 2 Tm 2.4. For another interpretation of stratologevw in 2 Tm 2.4, see 55.19.

55.21 iJppeuv", evw" m; iJppikovn, ou` n: a soldier who fights on horseback - horseman, cavalryman.

iJppeuv" th/` de; ejpauvrion ejavsante" tou;" iJppei`" ajpevrcesqai su;n aujtw/` uJpevstreyan eij" th;n parembolhvn the next day (the soldiers) returned to the camp and let the horsemen go on with him Ac 23.32.

iJppikovn oJ ajriqmo;" tw`n strateumavtwn tou` iJppikou` dismuriavde" muriavdwn the number of the cavalry soldiers was two hundred million Re 9.16.

55.22 dexiolavbo", ou m: a soldier armed with a spear - spearman. eJtoimavsate stratiwvta" diakosivou" o{pw" poreuqw`sin e{w" Kaisareiva", kai; iJppei`" eJbdomhvkonta kai; dexiolavbou" diakosivou" get two hundred soldiers ready to go to Caesarea along with seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen Ac 23.23.

E Prisoners of War (55.23-55.25)

55.23 aijcmalwsiva, a" f: the state of being taken as a prisoner of war and kept a captive - captivity. ei