3o ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ ΦΘΙΩΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ 2005

download 3o ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ ΦΘΙΩΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ 2005

of 558

Transcript of 3o ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟ ΦΘΙΩΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ 2005

  • 3 ( - - )

    2007

    & .

    4, 5 6 2005

  • :

    : ,

    : ,

    : , .. ..

    : ,

    : ,

    :

    : ,

    : , . . .. , .

    : , , , -

    :

    : , 89, 35100 - .: 22310 32709,26,35100-.:2231021959

    2 ....

  • .......................................................................................................................5 ...............................................................................6 - - ..................................9

    1

    . . & . .. ..............................18 .........27 ....42 ...53 ................................................65 - .........................................................................93

    2 -

    ......................................................................................................110

    ....................................................................................113 ............................130

    ....................................................................143 ............................154

    ..........................................................................................................168 ......................................................................178

    3 / 10 1960. ...........................................186 . (1841 1913). ....................................................194 1918. ..........................................................205 (1659 1857) 219

    ( 1647 29.10.1698) ..................................................................................234 .

    ( 19 20 .) .................................................................................242 :

    / & (1978 - 2005) .....................................256 ......................................................................264

    3 3

  • 4

    1821 ....................................................................................................................268

    .................................................................................................273 (1832) . ...............................................282 ,

    20 .....................................341

    ....350 ...............................................360

    1945. .........376 ......................................................................394

    5 ..............................................414 ......................................................424 ,

    ......................................................................440 4 3 .. ........................................................................................................................451

    ...........................................................459

    1856 1881 .............................................463 ...................468 (1935 2005) ..............527 ......................................................................536

    4

    9, 10 & 11 2007

    4 ....

  • . , 3 -

    4, 5 6 2005.

    , -

    .

    , -

    .

    3 . . 1 2 , - ,

    -

    .

    3 , - 4 9, 10 11 2007.

    .... .

  • 3

    3 , - 4, 5 6 2005.

    ,

    2004, , -

    .

    ,

    33. -

    () . .

    :

    4 2005

    17:30 18:00

    1 (: .)

    18:00 18:30 18:30 - 18.45

    . . & . ..

    18:45 19:00

    18:00 19:15

    19:15 19:30

    19:30 19:45

    19:45 20:30 -

    5 2005

    2 (: )

    09:00 09:15

    6 ....

  • 09:15 09:30

    09:30 09:45

    09:45 10:00

    10:00 10:15

    10:15 10:30

    10:30 11:00

    3 (: )11:30 11:45

    / 10 1960.

    11:45 12:00 . (1841 1913).

    12:00 12:15 1918.

    12:15 12:30 (1659 1857)

    12:30 12:45

    ( 1647 29.10.1698)12:45 13:00

    .

    ( 19 20 .)13:00 - 13.15

    : / & (1978 - 2005)13:00 14:00

    4 (: )

    17:30 17:45 1821

    17:45 18:00

    18:00 18:15 (1832) .

    7 3

  • 18:15 18:30 ,

    20 18:30 18:45

    18:45 19:00

    19:00 19:15

    1945.

    19:15 20:00

    6 20055 (: . )

    10:30 10:45

    10:45 11:00

    11:00 11:15 ,

    11:15 11:30 4 3 ..

    11:30 1 11:45

    11:45 12:00

    1856 188112:00 12:15

    12:15 - 12:30 (1935 2005)

    12:30 13:15

    13:15 13:45

    13:45 14:00

    14:00 14:30

    8 ....

  • 3 9

    -

    , , .

    . , -

    . / .

    -

    .

    .

    .

    , . -

    .

    -

    . . .

    ,

    . . .

    4 9, 10 11 2007.

    - -

    -, ..: -

    , ,

    ,

    , , -

    ,

    , -

    , , -

    , ,

    , .

    3 - ,

    , .

    .

    -

    . ,

    . / . .

  • -

    :

    3 , - .

    . -

    . , / , - .

    , .

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    . , -

    .

    , -

    FILOXENIA 2005 - , -

    . -

    , -

    -

    , .

    .

    , .

    -: -

    ,

    , -

    . , -

    .. ,

    .

    : - . ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    10 ....

  • ,

    , -

    . .

    -:

    . .

    ., ..: , -

    . , ,

    , ,

    . , , -

    . , -

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , , .

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    11 3

  • , .

    : , -

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    , , -

    , .

    , , , ,

    . . , , ,

    . -

    ,

    , . ,

    , , -

    . -

    .

    -:

    .

    , / / & // : -, ,

    , , ,

    , , ,

    .

    . 25 , . : -

    , ,

    , , 4, ,

    , -

    .

    , ,

    , .

    -

    . .

    -: -

    ,

    12 ....

  • , .

    , : ,

    , ,

    ( ), - , , ,

    , -

    . 1, 2001 2 2003 . - ,

    .

    ,

    , -

    ..

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    -

    .

    ,

    13 3

  • 14 ....

    ,

    , ,

    , -

    , , ,

    , ,

    .

    . , / : , 3 -

    . -

    , ,

    .

    , , -

    ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    -

    .

    , -

    .. ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    , . -

    , , ,

    .

    , -

    , -

    .

    , , -

    , , .

    ,

    ,

    ,

  • 3 15

    , , , -

    , . -

    ,

    , , .

    , , ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , , -

    , ,

    3 . .

    -: , -

    . -

    ,

    , . , -

    .

    .

  • 1 :

    -

    . . & . ..

    -

    1

  • -

    , / &

    ,

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    . 1. ... 1:50.000. .

  • ,

    1.

    2 (. 1).

    3,

    (5 ..),

    4.

    , ,

    19 .

    ,

    (. 1). ves quignon5, , , ,

    .

    ,

    191 ..

    - ,

    . ,

    Bquignon Sthlin6 , 1. Y. Bquignon, La valle du Spercheios, Paris 1937. F. Dakoronia, Spercheios valley and the

    adjacent area in Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, . , 1975-1990. , 1990 ( 1994), . , . 233 .. . , : , 2000+, 1995, . 33-39. . . , : , 2000+, 1995, . 40-49. . ., ,

    , 2001 ( 2004), . 337-346. . , ( ).

    2. A. Philippson, E. Kirsten, Die Griechischen Landschaften, . 1, . 235.3. . , , . 5

    , , 1990 ( 1993), . 15 . .4. A.J.B. Wace & M.S. Thompson, Prehistoric Thessaly, Cambridge 1912, . 171-192. .

    , 29 (1973-74), , . 517 . .5. .., . 279 ..6. Fr. Sthlin, . . (.),

    , , , 13,, 2002, . 367.

    19 .. ..

  • 7

    . quignon ,

    8.

    , , 5 ... 4 . 2 . .. .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    quignon, ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    7. . , , , 1907, . 211 ..8. (2007), ,

    .. .. , ..

    , .

    . 2. ... 1:5.000.

    20 -

  • -

    , .

    -

    -

    ,

    ,

    (. 1-2). ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    , 9 ()

    .

    ( , 1400 ..) - (5-6 . ..).

    10 11

    . (. 3),9. . . , ()

    . , 1998, . 74, . 4.10. . , 33 (1978) , , . 136. F. Dakoronia,, . . (. 1), .

    235 . .

    . 3. . .

    . 4. ..

    21 .. ..

  • ,

    .

    ( 11-10 . ..),

    (7-6 ...).

    (. 4), ,, ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    11.

    (. 5).

    11. . - . , 57 (2002), , , ( ).

    . 5. .

    .

    . 6. . .

    22 -

  • .

    12.

    13

    -

    .

    -.

    -

    (. 6). -

    .

    ,

    14 (. 7). ,

    ,

    ,

    5 6. .. -

    15,

    16 (. 8).

    . 7. .

    . 8. . , ,

    .

    12. . . , 47 (1992), , . 186. . , 51 (1996), , . 314 . .

    13. . , 47 (1992), , . . , . 185 . . . ., 55 (1999), , . . ( ). . ., 58 (2002), , . . ( ).

    14. .. (. 13), . . , VI.15. . . (. 13), . . , ,16. ... (. 13), . . , , . 185.

    23 .. ..

  • ,

    ,

    (7-6 . ..),

    17.

    ,

    -

    ,

    ( - ) -

    18 (. 9).

    , -

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    - .

    - ,

    ,

    .

    . 9. . .

    . 10. . .

    17. . . (. 16).18. . . , 58 (2002), , .. ,

    ( ).

    24 -

  • ,

    .

    , 19,

    20

    21.

    (. 10) , , ,

    1-2 . ,

    .

    -

    (9 - 8 . ..).

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    (. 11), Lederware Burnished Ware ,

    . 11. .

    19. . , 1990 1998. 1 .

    (1990-1998), 1998, ( 2000), . 14.20. . , .

    . 1

    . (1990-1998), 1998 (2000), . 39 . .

    21. F. Dakoronia, . . (. 1), . 233 . .22. . , . . (. 12) . 315, . 15.

    25 .. ..

  • 22.

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , 23

    ,

    , ,

    5 . .. , .

    23. . , . . (. 19).

    26 -

  • .

    ,

    .

    . ..

    , ,

    . -

    -

    , , .

    , *.

    (. 2, 3, 4, 5)

    * .

    . 1 , - () . , ( ) ,

    .

  • -

    -

    , (.1) - -

    -

    1969 -

    ,

    .

    ** -

    : .

    ** , -

    ,

    .

    . 2. . () , . 18 -

    . , 1988, .

    . 3. ,

    .

    28 .

  • -

    ,

    1958,

    ,

    ,

    .

    -

    :

    ; :

    .

    -

    2. -

    .

    , 1957,

    / , , 1450 ... - ,

    , -

    , , . -

    , .

    , .

    . -

    . -

    , ,

    .

    . 4 - 4. , , ,

    .

    , , .

    29

  • 3. -

    ,

    , -

    -

    1450 .. ,

    ,

    .

    .

    4.

    ,

    -

    . (. 6, 7, 8). ,

    , -

    ,

    -

    -

    -

    .

    -

    1000 . 1400 .

    5.

    (.9) :

    . 5. . ,

    , , .

    . 6 - 6 . .

    30 .

  • . -

    ,

    -

    .

    , ,

    -

    (1450 ..),

    ,

    ,

    (-) , -

    , -

    .

    ,

    ,

    (1969) - .1

    6. ,

    (1965),

    2,

    ,

    , (.10) ,

    , -

    . (. 11-12) , , - , , ,

    , , ,

    / . , -

    . 7. , , .

    1450 ..

    . 8. . -, ,

    !

    31

  • -

    ,

    , -

    -

    -

    !

    .

    3-4

    7.

    ,

    .

    10/30-8-1966 -

    /

    . -

    , / .

    8.

    .

    / , , *.5

    , .

    , ,

    . -

    , -

    . , ,

    . 9.

    *. : . . -

    .

    32 .

  • ,

    ,

    **.

    9. -

    1173/19-8-69 ,

    , -

    (20-8-69) .

    -

    -

    .

    10.

    ,

    , : -

    -

    , -

    , -

    / - -

    . . -

    .

    -

    (22-8-69) -

    . 10. , , . -

    ,

    , , (-).

    . 11-12 .

    **. ,

    . ,

    33

  • 13.. ,

    ,

    6

    (. 13, 14, 15, 16)

    11. -

    .

    -

    ,

    ,

    . -

    ,

    .

    -

    : ,

    .

    ,

    -

    .

    .

    .

    ; ,

    .

    -

    . 13 - 14. , -

    , .

    . , - , /.

    34 .

  • .

    -

    , , ,

    . (.17)

    , .

    , -

    , -

    ,

    . -

    -

    ,

    .

    , -

    ,

    -

    ,

    .

    7

    -

    , ,

    -

    .

    **.

    12.

    -

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    . 15. , .

    , .

    . 16. . ,

    .

    * * ,

    1 & ( , .)

    35

  • , -

    .

    3,45, 2,20 x 1,88 1,32 . -

    .

    ,

    ,

    - -

    -

    8. -

    ,

    -

    . -

    ,

    ,

    . (. 18-19)

    13.

    .

    YE III A -

    ,

    1300 .. 1000 . .

    -

    ,

    (= - ,

    . 17. . .

    . 18. .

    . 19. .

    36 .

  • ), (= ) (= ) .

    ( ), -

    . (. 20) -

    , ,

    ,

    9.

    -

    -

    10.

    14. () 1957, . ,

    , 1969 *,

    .

    1939, . -

    (. 111)

    11-12.

    -

    () 1450 .. . -

    -

    . , , ,

    , :

    , -

    *. .. -

    .

    . 20. , -

    , -

    .

    37

  • ,

    .

    :

    , -

    -

    13 .

    () , -

    . . -

    14. , , -

    , .

    500 1000 . . ,

    , ,

    -

    . -

    !...() 1300 1000

    .., . 300 , .

    , ,

    . -

    :

    ,

    -

    .

    , -

    15.

    () , , -, ,

    ()

    , -

    16.

    ()

    38 .

  • ,

    ( & ) -

    , -

    -

    ,

    .

    ,

    , : , , -

    ,

    ,

    17. , , -

    () , . , , -

    , -

    , -

    -

    .

    (.21) - , ,

    1450 ..,

    -

    .

    . 21. ,

    .

    .

    39

  • 40 .

  • -

    ,

    1965 - 1971 1974 - , () ,

    , () - , ,

    () .

    , .

    1. , . , , . 285 286.2. , . , , 1968, . 241. -

    . : , ,

    .

    3. , . 1966 & 1967, .1,. 10/30-8-1966 /.

    4. , . 805, 17-9-1996.5. , . . / , .

    21/7-6-69, : .6. : 29-8-1969 , 31-8-1969.7. : , , 1957, .40.8. , . 12935 15 1969. -

    / .9. , : 25 (1970), , . 235 ..,

    -

    .

    10. , , & , . 39,

    , .

    .

    11. , ., , , 1968,. 111.

    12. , .: . (6000 - 2800 / 2700 ..), (2804 / 2700 - 2000 /1900 ..), (1600 1100 ..), . , .

    13. , ., , . 235 ..14. , ., : , . 236.15-16. , .,:

    .

    17. , , : , , 1999 : , , . 341.

    41

  • M . K -, ,

    Y, , , 13 14 . , ,

    , -

    K , 14 , . . B

    1.

    2.

    -

    : -

    -

    . , -

    23 34, , - 24, 3.

    -

    .

    , , -

    ,

    . K, , ,

    1. O. Markl (. ) - .

    2. K K., . X. 1986, 211.3. 990. , -

    -

    : Les seuls vestiges voquant le passage des Catalans sur le sol grec sont les tours et lesforteresses qui schelonnent de lAttique la Thessalie (Mitsou -Talon 488).

  • .

    -

    . -

    ,

    .

    ,

    . -

    4.

    . H - , ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    -

    -

    , 5.

    -

    , -

    . A, .

    M

    ( ) , -

    4. , , ( Franci 3 .. .) , . -

    : , , , (, , -) . (13-16 .).

    5. , .

    ,

    . 1137, -,

    , (Bourciez 288). (Cronaca) - (Ramon Muntaner) , ,

    .

    43

  • .

    O (). B M M (), M (. 7, 63). O M M, . - , -

    , , -

    (., . /.197-198). M-, , , .

    H - :

    , , . . M ,

    : , , .

    M- ( -) . ( ) . M , mischiare meschiare , , . mesclat , . , mischatura , -, mischiatamente , . Kmschere , . T I, : Mischia ., Mschio ., Msce . ., I -

    , ,

    6.

    A, , , M ,

    , -

    . K , , , . A

    , *Meschiata *Mischiata. [M],

    6. A : Dal fatto del mescolarsi di picorsi dacqua in uno solo, si spiegano nomi come: Mischia, fontanile di Abbiategr., il flumenMiscle di Bonvesin; Le Msce, pr. Ventimiglia; Mschio, il fiume di Vittorio Ven. ... (Oliv., . mscere).

    44

  • --/-- , , + () - -()-. M M.A *. M, . A, ,

    , ,

    .

    T , , .

    K

    , O , .

    1836 K7, - ( ), - B A 7-11-1840 K - ,

    K (., . 15). A , K, , , ,

    (., . /. 197-198, ). - ,

    .

    T K- .. compote, composta ( ).A , s- , ,

    11 . ( ). (Bourciez 308) . composte 13 . H ,

    , , ( composita, componere )8.

    7. E K, EK 80/28-12-1836.8. ( )

    compuesta, .

    45

  • :

    K 1, Compostela, B - N M (Nouveau dict.). ,

    Santiago de Compostela (Encicl.), Compostela (Encicl.). K ,

    .

    -ela, - . T - , , .

    K 2, Compostela, M, ,

    (Nouveau dict.). , , --:

    K, (Pointe de) Compotelli, K..., O (Dict. gogr.).

    K , :K, , 715 .

    , Compte (Dict. gogr.), Compote (LaGrande Encyclopdie).

    A E :K 1, ... 90 . ...-

    A, NA (). K (). A , .

    K 2, B A A... K . K B Y K (). E K - K.

    K 3, T T, K () . K (Georgakas 161). A K , , -

    K, , K K - (Y 6, 33), ( E 237, 11 3), (Y 6, 33), -

    46

  • E (. X. 1983, 178). ., .

    B K- K-. K , , , ,

    . A K , -

    .

    -

    . E - -,

    ( t d ) ( ) : , , ,

    .

    , , , -

    ..

    , ,

    , -

    , ,

    .

    , - -,

    , , , -

    , , -

    .

    -

    ,

    K.

    K

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    - . H K - , K A (

    47

  • ) 9.H , -

    , .

    . ,

    ,

    K .K, , -, , -

    ( , .). , T . , -

    ,

    , , ,

    -

    ( M). A , K ,

    K A;

    , , -

    ( * ) - , . -

    ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    , ( );

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    9. , .

    48

  • H , ( ), , -

    , . K, ,

    , . A , ,

    -

    . ,

    , ,

    . -

    .

    ,

    , -

    , K, , . O, .

    , 1940, K , , .

    -

    . A costa

    , :

    Costa, K, Coste Cte , ,

    (Dauzat, tym.). Costa Brava, Costa del Sol, Costa Rica, .

    , , -

    .

    , , lecci - leccio . [lttchi], [] . .

    ( ). *Costa a lecci -

    , .

    a ,

    .. nave a vela, bateau voiles ( ).

    49

  • , , -

    .

    ,

    -

    .

    ,

    ( ,

    , 1997!). O . , ,

    .

    T . T , . T ,

    10 ( , )11. H , *, .

    Franceis, Frances, Francs, Francez, Francese . ( - Frncu, Frengu, Frngu). ,

    . O

    , , , .

    K , , -, * . K,,

    .

    10. ( ) - , ,

    (. 7). (. .274). - (. 148).

    11. 15 . .

    .

    50

  • O , -

    Y. E M (. . 1986, 16). K - A (, 4, 22).A 21 . ( M)(. . 1983, 76). - .

    T, E (.. 21 MK, Y, A ). , ,

    , . K ,

    , ,

    .

    -

    .

    ( ) ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ., , -

    (, . 1996), , , 957-1001.

    Bourciez: Bourciez Edouard, lments de linguistique romane, 3e d., Librairie Klincksieck,Paris 1930.

    Dauzat tym.: Dauzat A.-Rostaing Ch., Dictionnaire tymologique des noms de lieux enFrance, Paris 1963.

    ., . /.: ., / , A ( , . 1990), 1993, . 195-212.

    ., .: ., -

    , . (. ), 15 (1987), 32-34.Diccionari de la llengua catalana, Enciclopdia Catalana S.A., Barcelona 1983.

    51

  • Dict. gogr.: Dictionnaire gographique et administratif de la France, Paris 1892.Encicl.: Enciclopedia Italiana.Georgakas: Georgacas D. - McDonald W., Place-names of Southwest Peloponnesus, Athens

    1967.: M E K, 1978.K.: . , (1948) (1957),

    .

    : .

    La Grande Encyclopdie.Markl: Markl Otto, Ortsnamen Griechenlands in frankischer Zeit, Wien 1965., M E E .Mitsou-Talon Genevive, Les Catalans en Botie au XIVe sicle,

    (, . 1996), , , 481-489.Nouveau dict.: Nouveau dictionnaire de gographie universelle, Paris (1895?).Oliv.: Olivieri D., Dizionario Etimologico Italiano, Milano 1953..: Y (1979 ..). : E..: - ., K , A 1982.. .: X (, 1980 ..).

    52

  • :

    *

    1, , -

    , ,

    , ,

    , , .

    , -

    Friedrich Sthlin 2 , -

    3.

    -

    4,

    , , ,

    .

    ( , , ) - ( , , , ) ,

    * H .

    :

    , -

    , -

    , . . . . .

    , .

    1. M.H. Hansen Th.H. Nielsen, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, 2004, 712713, . 431: Lamia. .. , ,(/), 1994, 6. . , , 1971, 73. F. Sthlin, Das Hellenische Thessalien, 19672, 212216. RE XII1, 1924, . Lamia (F. Sthlin) . 553.

    2. F. Sthlin, 1920/21, ( . ), 24, 2003, 84.

    3. . . , . (11591940), 2005, 13174.

    4. .. , -, , 1417 2001, - , 2001, 340-342. . , - 1990 1998, 1 - .

    .. (19901998), 2000, 19.

  • 1. 2. 3.

    4. 5. 6.

    7. 8. 9.

    10. 11. 12.

    13. 14.

    15.

    54

  • , : 4 . ..1. , . . 4183 11 0.54 10 . , 1BMC (Thessaly to Aetolia) 22, . 5, . , 14 ()., : 4 . ..2. , . . 4559 1.68 12 . , 2BMC (Thessaly to Aetolia) 35, .3, . VII, 6 ()., : 4 . ..3. , . . 4180 7 0.62 9 . , 3BMC (Central Greece) 63, . 45, . , 7 ()., : 4 . ..4. , . . 4560 4.93 18 . , 4BMC (Thessaly to Aetolia) 17, .7, . , 14 ()., : 4 . ..5. , .. 4794 1.98 15 . , 5Rogers 1932, 141, . 430, . 234 (). (316297 ..), : 306/305297 ..6. , . . 4573 12 4.91 16 . , 6SNG Mnchen 10./11., 9971012 (). (276239 ..), : 271/70239 ..7. , . . 3718 4 6.39 17 . , 7SNG Mnchen 10./11., 10901113 ()., : 300190..8. , . . 4007 11 7.57 20 . , 8BMC (Thessaly to Aetolia) 49, . 4, . , 8 ()., : 309220 ..9. , . . 4791 14.32 27 . , 9BMC (Thrace) 195, . 1. SNG Cop. 899. (222/221179 ..), : 211197 ..10. , . . 4005 3 3.50 18 . , 10SNG Mnchen 10./11., 11521153 (). , : 196 .. 1 . ..)11. , . . 4804 12 8.36 20 . , 11BMC (Thessaly to Aetolia) 5, . 49-60 (). , : 196 .. 1 . ..)12. , . . 4792 11 6.21 17 . , 12BMC (Thessaly to Aetolia) 5, . 62-63 (). , : 155 .. 13. , . . 4013 18.77 28 . , 13.. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage, 1974, 246, . 200/2,., . 200/2 (). H (12196 ..), : 14. , . . 6036 10 5.93 17 . , 14BMC (he Seleucid Kings of Syria) 90, . 29, . V, 6 (). (117138 ..), : 15. , . . 4793 3 6.20 20 . , 15BMC (Thessaly to Aetolia) 7, . 77, . , 12 ().

    55 :

  • .

    , -

    .

    ,

    .

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    , -

    ,

    . -

    , .

    , -

    .

    5 , -

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    , 5 . .. .

    , 5 , ,

    . ,

    5 . ..6 - ,

    .7

    ,

    5. M.. , , , , 1994, 1997, 5058 ( : 1997).

    6. Mc Clean 4600 (, 450 ..).7. 47 (1992) , 181182 (.. ).

    56

  • 8 .

    4 . .., (323322 ..). -

    9.

    , ,

    (. , 12, ). ,

    , , -

    . ,

    (. , 3), - . , -

    10. -

    11,

    , -

    12.

    13 (. , 4),

    , , -

    14

    15 (. , 5) .

    16, -

    17,

    18.

    8. , . 19 (1964) , 243(. 7) (. ). Y. Bquignon, La vall du Spercheios des origines au IVe s., Etudesd archologie et de topographie, 1937, 277. RE XII 1, 1924, . Lamia (F. Sthlin) .553554. , . . , , 15,2, 1982, 261.

    9. . , , 7. , , 2427 2001, 2004, 160165, . 1, 411 . 2, 1216 ( : 2004).

    10. Th. Martin, Sovereignty and Coinage in Classical Greece, Princeton 1985, 46 ( :Martin 1985).

    11. 36 (1981) , 204206 (. ). E. Rogers, The Copper Coinage ofThessaly, 1932, 9495, .282, . 136 ( : Rogers 1932).

    12. C.C. Lorber, A Hoard of Facing Head Larissa Drahms, SNR 79, 2000, 715. Martin1985, 3953. Th. Martin, The Chronology of the FourthCentury B.C. FacingHead SilverCoinage of Larissa, ANSMN 28, 1983, 33.

    13. 12 ( ). Rogers 1932, 68, .179185, . 76.14. 36 (1981) , 204206 (. ). Rogers 1932, 130, . 396.15. A 50 (1995) , 323 (. ). Rogers 1932, 141, . 430, . 234.16. 47 (1992) , 181182 (.. ). BMC (Central

    Greece) 20, . 76 (371357 ..).17. SNG Cop. 180181.18. A 50 (1995) , 323 (. ). BMC (Central Greece) 126, . 10.

    57 :

  • 19, -

    (356346 ..), - ,

    .

    , -

    . , ,

    342 .. - 20.

    -

    .

    21,

    (322 ..)

    22. , , -

    23.

    .

    24 (316297 ..) (. , 6), ,

    25 (306/305283 ..),

    26 (276239 ..) (. , 7), -

    27.

    19. . , . -, , 2000, 11. ( : - 2000).

    20. . , 34. .. , : , - -

    , , 1 , 34 2001, 2002, 26.

    21. . , , - , 14-17 2001, , 2001, 177179.

    22. 2000, 12. N.G.L. Hammond, A History of Greece to 322 B.C., - 19672, 645649.

    23. 2004, 166167, . 2, 1920.24. Chr. Valassiadis, A contribution to Cassanders bronze coinage, XIII International

    Numismatic Congress Madrid 2003, Proceedings I: In memoriam C. Arfaro Asins (. C. Alfaro,C.Marcos, P. Otero), M 2005, 405413, . 1.

    25. K. Liampi, Der makedonische Schild, 1998, 105-107, . 16, . 23, .16.

    26. SNG Mnchen 10./11., 10901113.27. K. Liampi, The circulation of bronze Macedonian royal coins in Thessaly, From the

    Parts to the Whole, vol. 1, Acta of the 13th International Bronze Congress, held at Cambridge,Massachussets, 28 May 1June1996 (. C.C.Mattusch, A. Brauer, S.E. Knudsen), Portsmouth,Rhode Island 2000, 221225.

    58

  • 28.

    ,

    29,

    30, -

    31,

    32,

    33,

    34,

    35.

    , -

    36 (. , 8) -

    .

    .

    Rogers37, .

    38 (. , 9). -

    , -

    , ,

    ,

    .

    28. 2000, 12. - , . . , ,

    , . 2 (-), 2021 2003, 2005, 1225. 50(1995) , 322323 (. ). . , , IV, 4 , 2125 1983, 1986, 147-157.

    29. O. Picard, Chalcis et la Confdration Eubene. Etude de Numismatique et dHistoire (IV-Ier sicle), 1979, 7077, . 3141.

    30. BMC (Corinth), 54, . 440 ().31. BMC (AtticaMegarisAegina), 143, . 213214 ().32. K. Liampi, Demetrios Poliorketes, Larissa und Pharsalos. Ein Schatzfund von

    Bronzenmnzen aus Thessalien: zur Chronologie einiger Larisischer Mnzerien des 3. Jhs. v.Chr., JUBILAEUS V: In honorem Prof. Dr. Margaritae Tacheva, 2002, 232241, .12.

    33. 1997, 56 (. 64). Rogers 1932, 174, . 549, . 305.34. . , -

    : , 7. , , 2427 2001, 2004, 4243, . 2, . 23.

    35. Rogers 1932, 103, . 313, . 156. C. Heyman, AchilleAlexandre, sur les monnaiesde Larissa Cremaste en Thessalie, Studia Hellenistica 16, Antidorum W. PeremansSexagenario Ab Alumnis Oblatum, LouvainLa Neuve 1968, 115125, . III.

    36. 1997, 56 (. 64). Rogers 1932, 174, . 549, . 305.37. Rogers 1932, 174.38. SNG Cop. 899.

    59 :

  • ,

    .

    4 . .. - 2 . .. 3 ...,

    39.

    40

    41.

    -

    , 42, -

    , .

    3 . ..

    43. -

    -

    , 44

    .

    (. ,10) 45 (222/221179 ..). , ,

    46.

    39 J. Scholten, The Politics of Plunder, BerkeleyLos AngelesLondon 2000, 250 (.36). . , Lamian honours for Opountian judges in the middle of the third centuryB.C., QT 32, 2003, 143152, . III.

    40. K. Liampi, About the Chronology of the Bronze Coinages of the Aetolian Koinon and itsMembers with the Types of a Spearhead and a Jawbone, 9 (199596), 1998,83109, .1.

    41. .. , . , 7. , , 2427 2001, 2004, 224231.

    42. 1997, 54 (. 39). SNG Cop. 423424.43.

    3 . .. - 294 .., . . , - ,

    , 2931 2003 ().44. .. , -

    , ,

    2000, 197, . 3: 8123.45. 1997, 56 (. 63). A. Mamroth, Die Bronzemnzen des

    Knigs Philippos V. von Makedonien, ZfN 42, 1935, 230231, . 11.46. 2000, 1213. N.G.L. Hammond F.W. Walbank, A History of

    Macedonia, vol. III: 336167 B.C., 1988, 426428.

    60

  • (197 .) - ,

    47.

    .

    48 (., 1112), , .

    49

    (. , 13), 50 - .

    (. , 14) , (12196 ..)51. ,

    .

    . 190 .. , , .

    52

    ,

    .

    , -

    .

    , ,

    53 (98117 ..) , -

    47. 2000, 14. N.G.L. Hammond F.W. Walbank, .., 432443.48. D. Klose, Zur Chronologie der thessalischen Koinonprgungen im 2. und 1.Jh.v. Chr.,

    : Stephanos Nomismatikos. Edith SchnertGeiss zum 65. Geburstag (.U. Peter), - 1998, 333350.

    49. 1997, 54 (. 40). .. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage, 1974, 246, . 200/2, ., . 200/2 ( , 155 ..).

    50. o

    2 . .., . . . ,

    , 7. , , 2427 2001, 2004, 493, . 1, . 2, 1 507. .. , , 7. , , 2427 2001, 2004, 527528.

    51. SNG Cop. 392393.52. 52 (1997) , 428 (. ). 48 (1993) , 201203 (..

    ). 40 (1985) , 155157 (. -).

    53. CRE III (Nerva to Hadrian), 150, . 726, . 25, . 10 ( ).

    61 :

  • 54 (117138 ..) (. , 15). , - ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    5 . .. , .

    55,

    .

    -

    . -

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    , .

    -

    , -

    . , , -

    56,

    -

    , .

    54. Rogers 1932, 3940, . 9091, . 3031. , . M.T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the cities of the Roman Empire, Princeton 2000,84 (. 4).

    55. 2004, 158160, .1, .12.56. K. Liampi, The circulation of bronze Macedonian royal coins in Thessaly, From the

    Parts to the Whole, vol. 1, Acta of the 13th International Bronze Congress, held at Cambridge,Massachussets, 28 May 1 June 1996 (. C.C.Mattusch, A. Brauer, S.E. Knudsen), Portsmouth,Rhode Island 2000, 221225.

    62

  • , -

    , , -

    . , -

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , .

    57

    .

    , , -

    58, -

    59.

    60 ,

    61,

    62

    63, -

    .

    -

    -

    , , -

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , -

    , ,

    57. A.. , ,

    , 1723 2000, 2004, 1728.58. F. Dakoronia, Elemente der Hausund Stadtplanung von Stylis im 4. Jh.v. Chr., AA 106,

    1991, 7588.59. . , (/1991),

    7. , - , 2427 2001, 2004, 341364.

    60. H. Reinders Reinders, Coinage and Coin Circulation in New Alos, 7. , ,

    2427 2001, 2004, 185206.61. . . , .., 49151462. . . . , .., 479490.63. .. , .., 515540.

    63 :

  • ,

    .

    .

    AA Archologischer Anzeiger.AAA .A .ANSMN American Numismatic Society Museum Notes.QT Quaderni Ticinesi di Numismatica e Antichit Classiche.RE PaulyWissowa, Realencyclopdie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft.SNR Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau (Revue Suisse de Numismatique).ZfN Zeitschrift fr Numismatik

    .

    BMC British Museum Catalogue.BMC (Central Greece)B.V. Head, A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Central Greece:

    Locris, Phocis, Boetia and Euboea, 1884.BMC (Corinth and Colonies)B.V. Head, A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Corinth and

    Colonies, 1889.BMC (The Seleucid Kings of Syria)

    P. Gardner, A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: TheSeleucid Kings of Syria, 1878.

    BMC (Thessaly to Aetolia)P. Gardner, A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Thessalyto Aetolia, 1883.

    BMC (Thrace) B.V. Head P. Gardner, A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the BritishMuseum: Thrace, 1877.

    CRE III H. Mattingly, Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum III: Nerva toHadrian, 1936.

    McClean S.W. Grose, Fitzwilliam Museum. Catalogue of the McClean Collection ofGreek Coins, II: The Greek Mainland, The Aegean Islands, Crete, Cambridge1926.

    SNG Cop. SNG The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals. Danish National Museum.Parts 67 Thrace. Odessus Sestus. Islands, Kings and Dynasts,Copenhagen1943.

    SNG Cop. SNG The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals. Danish National Museum.Part 12. Epirus-Acarnania, Copenhagen 1943.

    SNG Cop. SNG The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals. Danish National Museum.Part 35. Syria. Seleucid Kings, Copenhagen 1959.

    SNG Mnchen SNG Deutschland 10./11. Staatliche Mnzsammlung Mnchen. Makedonien:Knige Nr. 11228, 2001.

    64

  • .. -

    (997 ..)

    ,

    , , ,

    , ( 1).

    7 , , . -

    , , .

    , , ( ) ( ) - .

    . ,

    . 1: .

  • (668 685). , ,

    .

    ,

    , 680 .., .

    1

    ,

    , 681 . ., , , , !!!!.

    , ,

    , .

    . , -

    ,

    ..

    , ,

    , 890 927 . . . -

    .

    , ,

    . 927 , .

    971, -, -

    .

    976 , , . .

    -

    1. : 680 .. , , , , -

    , . , ,

    ,

    .

    , , , ,

    , , , .

    .

    , , .

    , , -

    . , , ,

    , .

    , , ,

    .

    66

  • .

    -

    , , .

    , 976, , , , -

    .

    . 1018 - , ,

    .

    2

    , ,

    , .3

    . : 995, ,

    , ,

    ,

    -

    -

    .

    4

    ,

    -

    , -

    , ,

    , 996,5 -

    ( - 2).

    ,

    ,

    . 2: .

    2. 1014 . , 15.000 , .

    3. - ,

    811 1079 . . .4. 994 , -

    67 & (997 ..)

  • ,

    -

    ,

    , ,

    , -

    -

    .

    , -

    , -

    6 -

    , ( 3),

    ,

    , , -

    ,

    , ( -) .

    ,7

    ,

    . .

    , , ,

    , .

    , , , -

    , , -

    . .

    , , . ,

    , 26 , 995,, , . , -

    , .

    .

    995 1 996 - .

    5. , , . , , : -

    ... , ,

    1 996, , , .

    .

    6. . , , , .

    .

    7. , , .

    . 3:

    68

  • , ,

    , . -

    , , .

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    , , ,

    , , ,

    . , -

    , . -

    .

    , ,

    .

    . : , ,

    :

    . ;. ;. ;.

    ;

    .

    :

    . , , -

    .

    . -

    , ,

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    , .

    . : , , ,

    , , -

    . -

    69 & (997 ..)

  • .

    , , -

    . , ,

    ( = ), , -, , , .

    -

    .

    , , , ,

    , .

    .

    -

    ,

    ,

    -

    :(1). ( 4).

    -

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , , ( ), , , ,

    . ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , ( ) . -

    , .

    , ,

    , , .

    ,

    ,

    .

    . 4: .

    70

  • 8,

    ,

    . , ,

    , ,

    .

    , , -

    , , , -

    ,

    , .

    -

    , ,

    .

    (2). : , -

    , ,

    .

    , , ,

    , , -

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    , -

    .

    . ,

    .

    (1). : ( 5): :

    , 480 . ., 1500 .10

    8. , , (- ,

    , , ), .

    9. - /1967.

    10. , , , 1907, : ...., , , ,, .......

    , , ,

    . -

    , , . ,

    , , ,

    , 5.

    71 & (997 ..)

  • , ( ) ( ) , , , , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    , -

    , , 11 , 2.200 ,, 500 . , 997 . ., 1500, , 480 .., 500 , - , , 6.500 .

    11 , , , , -

    .

    , , , -

    997 . ., , , ,

    .

    ,

    , , ,

    ,

    . 5: .9

    11. , , : , ,

    . .

    72

  • , , , -

    . , ,

    .

    (2). : , 997 . .,

    , ,

    , . , , -

    , ,

    .

    . , , -

    ( 6):(1). : ,

    , .

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , , .

    , , .

    , , -

    , , ( 6):

    . 6: .

    73 & (997 ..)

  • ( 7) -

    , ,

    -

    12

    -

    -

    ,

    , ,

    .

    13

    ,

    , -

    -

    .

    ,

    , -

    ,

    .

    ,

    . 7: .

    12. : . , , - . . -

    . , , -

    , . , , -

    .

    13. : , -

    . , ,

    , , ,

    , () . , -

    : , ,

    , , -

    , .

    , ,

    () . ,, , , , -

    , .

    , 1018, , , ,

    74

  • ( 8), :

    , -

    ,

    .

    14

    . -

    ,

    ,

    ,

    -

    , -

    , , 15

    . 8: ()

    , ,

    , , , , , ,

    ,

    , ,

    . .

    .

    , .

    14. 426 .. , , , .

    . , -

    .

    . -

    , .

    , , .

    .

    15. , , , , . -

    , -

    . ( ), ( -). , .

    . , ,

    . , ,

    480 . .

    75 & (997 ..)

  • 16.

    , , ,

    , , ,

    (). , , ,

    . .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , , .

    -

    ,

    .

    (2). : ( ) -

    ,

    , , , .

    . , ,

    :

    .

    .

    ,

    , , -

    .

    -

    .

    , ,

    .

    , , -

    ( 9)., , ,

    , , ,

    , , , .

    ,

    16. . , , .

    76

  • -

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    10, -

    .

    -

    , ,

    , -

    ,

    , , -

    , ,

    . ,

    ,

    11., -

    ,

    ,

    ,

    . -

    -

    .

    -

    ,

    . 9: -

    . 10: .

    . 11: .

    77 & (997 ..)

  • ,

    , -

    12.

    ,

    -

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , -

    , . ,

    , , , -

    .

    , , , ,

    .

    2 , , ., , , , -

    .

    , , ,

    . -

    , , ,

    , ,

    .17

    , , ,

    , , , -

    , , ,

    , .

    17. , : , , -, , .

    , , ,

    ( ) . . , , , -

    , , -

    , , , , -

    .

    . 12: .

    78

  • , , :

    ,

    , -

    . , ,

    .

    , , ,

    , ,

    ,

    -

    .

    . , , -

    .

    , , -

    . , -

    , -

    , .

    , ,

    , . -

    , -

    . , ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , , .

    , , , -

    .

    .

    : ,

    , , ,

    , , , -

    , .

    , -

    ( 13): , ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    79 & (997 ..)

  • -

    ,

    , -

    ,

    .

    , -

    -

    ,

    -

    , :

    ,

    , , , ,

    , ,

    . -

    .

    ,

    , , ,

    . ,

    . , -

    ,

    -

    .

    , -

    , -

    , .

    -

    , . -

    , -

    , , , , -

    .

    . , , , 1925 , .

    , 14, , .

    . 13:

    80

  • , ,

    , ,

    .

    , , , ,

    , , .

    . ( 13):, , -

    ( -) , .

    . ,

    , ,

    , , ,

    .

    . : , , .

    , -

    - , , .

    997 . ., ,

    , ,

    . 14: .

    81 & (997 ..)

  • .

    ,18

    , , ,

    4 . .. ., , ,

    , , , ,

    .

    , , :

    . , ,

    , , , ,

    .

    , -

    , , ,

    .

    , -

    ,

    , ,

    , -

    , -

    .

    , -

    , , -

    ,

    . ,

    : - , , ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    , , -

    ,

    .

    : , ..,

    , ,

    , 15 .

    4 , ,, , .

    18. / 1907

    82

  • , ,

    . () , .

    -

    , , , -

    . 15.

    1905 , 2003 , 97 . , , ,

    , , . ,

    , ,

    , , ,

    , , .

    2003. -

    , ,

    .

    . ( 16):(1). : , -

    , , -

    , ,

    .

    . 15: . .

    83 & (997 ..)

  • -

    , -

    .

    -

    , ,

    -

    -

    -

    .

    -

    ,

    .

    , , -

    , ,

    .

    . -

    , , ,

    ,

    . ,

    , .

    , , ,

    , ,

    , , .

    , ,

    , , , ,

    , ,

    . , , -

    . , ,

    .

    19

    . 16: .

    19. , , - .

    1004, : , , , ,

    , , , , -

    84

  • , , , ,

    , , , , ,

    .

    .

    (2). : , , , -

    .

    , , -

    .

    , ,

    ,

    , () . 227 -

    , , ,

    , , .

    .

    , , , , -

    ,

    , -

    , .

    , , , , -

    , ,

    , . , ,

    , , ,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    , , -

    , ,

    . , , -

    , .

    , -

    , .

    . -

    !!!

    85 & (997 ..)

  • . , , -

    ,

    , , .

    , , -

    , , ,

    ,

    , , .

    -

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    . : ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ( 17).

    ,

    ,

    -

    , -

    :

    , ,

    , -

    . , , ,

    ,

    ( ).

    -

    ( 18).

    . 17:

    86

  • .

    , -

    ,

    -

    , ,

    ( ).

    .

    , , ,

    . ,

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    , .

    , ,

    ( 19). , , ,

    , , -

    , . , -

    , .

    , ,

    .

    -

    -

    .

    -

    -

    ,

    , -

    , ,

    .

    . 18:

    . 19: .

    87 & (997 ..)

  • -

    -

    ( 20).

    , -

    , -

    , -

    -

    ,

    -

    ( . 21). -

    ( 22)

    ,

    , -

    . ,

    -

    , ,

    -

    . :

    -

    ,

    .

    , , -

    -

    . 23. -

    -

    24.

    . 20: .

    . 21: .

    . 22: .

    88

  • . -

    : 25

    , -

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , -

    -

    , -

    ,

    .

    -

    .

    ,

    , -

    , -

    ,

    -

    ( 22). , o ,

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    . , , ,

    , . -

    , , -

    . , -

    , ,

    -

    . , , , -

    ,

    . 23:

    . 24: .

    89 & (997 ..)

  • ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , -

    -

    ,

    .

    -

    , ,

    ,

    -

    ,

    .

    . -

    ( - 25):

    ,

    :

    ,

    .

    ,

    , . -

    , , .

    , , ,

    .

    . , 26, - .

    , , 4 .. ,

    . 25: .

    . 26: .

    90

  • .

    , ,

    .

    , , -

    , .

    23 - , -

    , .

    ,

    , , ,

    . ,

    , , ,

    .

    . : .

    .

    , , ,

    , .

    15.000 , , - , , -

    .

    , , -

    ( ), . :

    , , . -

    , ,

    , . -

    , ,

    , -

    , .

    .

    ,

    . -

    () =

    91 & (997 ..)

  • = , =

    .

    -

    , 1081 1118 . . -, , 997 . . 997, , , .

    , ,

    -

    , , .

    -

    .

    -

    , . ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    , , ,

    , -

    ,

    .

    . : , , -

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    , ,

    :(1). , ,

    : - .

    (2). .(3). ,

    , .

    (4). : ( ) .

    , ,

    , .

    92

  • - -

    1

    : - -

    .

    .

    . , : ,

    -

    . , -

    , ,

    .

    . -

    ,

    ,

    .

    : .

    , ,

    ,

    4 .. ., , .

    , . . -

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    25 - ,

    . -

    ,

    , , .

    , 15. .

    , ,

    .

    , . -

    , , , 25 , .

    , , ,

    ,

    , -

    . .

    93 3

  • , , .

    . : .

    ; , ;. : .

    , ,

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    .

    -

    . .

    : . , ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    , . .

    ,

    . , . ,

    .

    .

    , , .

    .

    . : , ,

    ,

    .

    -

    , , .

    : - .

    . : , -

    .

    : , .

    ;. : ; , , .

    , ,

    . , , .

    . : , -

    94 ....

  • . ,

    ,

    .

    2

    . : () , .

    ,

    . , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    . : . . .

    . : . . -

    1640, -, .

    . ,

    -

    ,

    . ,

    2 , . ,

    , -

    , , .

    1640. . - , , , -

    -

    . , . -

    , . -

    .

    . : -

    . .

    . : ,

    ; , ,

    . ,

    95 3

  • ,

    ; ,

    , , , , -

    . .

    , , .

    ,

    , .

    . : .. .

    .

    . :

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    , , . ,

    , -

    , , . ,

    . .

    : : : , ,

    , : , ,

    .1

    , , ,

    , , ,

    .

    , . -

    , , , ,

    .

    . ,

    , -

    , , . , ,

    .

    .

    -

    . . ,

    , .

    -

    ,

    96 ....

  • .

    , -

    .

    , , , ,

    , , .

    , , .

    :

    , , 12242 1461 ..3 -, -

    -

    .

    . -

    , , -

    , , , -

    , , , , -

    .

    ( ), , -, , -

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    .

    , ,

    : , ,

    , , .

    . . ,4

    , ,

    /1986 - 10, : ,5 -

    , , , ,

    .

    , , ,

    , . , -

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .6

    . :

    97 3

  • .... 98

    . -

    , , , ,

    .

    , , , . ,

    () () ( ).

    , , -

    . : : () = -

    = .

    : () = - = .

    ( . ): - () = = , () = - = .

    ,

    , ,

    . .

    .

    , -

    , , ,

    .

    .

    , , -

    , ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    .

    , , , -

    : . ,

    :

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    : : , .., .

  • 3 99

    : (). : . , ,

    , ,

    , .

    , , ,

    , ,

    .

    -

    .

    ,

    : , , , ,, , , .

    . -

    , , . . ,

    28 1898, : . ,

    ..7 -

    . , -

    , ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , . ,

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    , . , , ,

    .

    : . , 9 :

    -

    , , ,

    8. , , -

    .

    1985, . , ,

    . -

    , , :

  • .... 100

    9 -

    , , , ,

    .

    , ,

    , , , ,

    :

    , , -

    .

    , -

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    .

    , , , ,

    , .

    150 , , , , .10 ,

    , .

    ( ). - , . -

    , ,

    , -

    (, , , ). , ,

    .

    2-3 , , . - , ,

    . , , , -

    , , .

    , ,

    , Justina Slowik (), , , , , , -

    , .

    , 13 2005 , - :

    , ,

    .

    11 kasztel() .

  • 3 101

    , kasztelanski (), - , , , -

    , -

    .

    12 , , castellum. , . ,

    kasztel () (= ) kasztelans-ki () .

    :

    kasztel ( - ) (= ), (), castello, , , castellum, castrum ().13

    kasztelanski ( ) kasztel ( ) , .

    ,

    , , ,

    kasztel () kasztelanski (), , , .

    , -

    , .

    : , - , .

    : , -

    .

    .

    , ,

    costa. , . -

    , ,

    costa , , costa. - ,

    Costa Rica, . Costa Brava Costa del Soto, . , . , ,

    costa, , , , , , ,

    .

  • .... 102

    7 , , - , ,

    .

    ( 1985), . . ,

    30 1998, , , , :.

    cost, , - ( ). costans (=, , ), costanter (= -, , ) Constantia (= -, ). costo, . , ( , - ), .

    ,

    , , , -

    , 2 . .. - . -

    .

    costo (costa) + = . ,

    .

    .

    150 9 . : ( . . asper), ( . . cumulus), ( . . campus), ( . . canalis), ( . . bufus), ( . . Lucas), ( . .lorum), , ( . . scamnum) ( . .skala). , . ,

    , .

    , . , :

    , ,

    ( -). (). . , costa alecci, .

    :

  • 3 103

    ( , . , costo) , , . .

    . -

    .

    : , , -

    , , -

    .

    , -

    : , - ,

    , , ,

    , , ,

    . , , -

    , .

    , ,

    , , , -

    , -

    .14

    , ,

    1836, ...15

    . , -

    ,

    , , , -

    , , . -

    .

    , 1940, -

    .

    . ,

    .

    ( ) , , .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

  • .... 104

    . , -

    .

    ::

    .

    , 1640, .16 , , , 1821, , ..

    , .

    ,

    , , . 1856, ,

    . . 6690 - , ,

    . , -

    , .

    , ,

    , -

    . .

    .

    17 ,

    , -

    .

    , ,

    . . -

    , ,

    .

    :

    18

    :

    (= ). , . -

    .

    , , .

    . -

    . -

    .

    :

    .

  • 3 105

    , ,

    , , , (), ,, (), , .

    ,

    ( ), () , ,

    ( , ). . , ,

    , ,

    , .

    . , ,

    , , ,

    , , .

    , , , ,

    .

    , -

    .

    .

    : :

    , ,

    ,

    . , , -

    . ,

    . , -

    (, , -, ), . , -

    , ... 80/28-12-1836,19 , ,

    , , ,

    ( = ). (= ),

    (= , ), (= , ) ., , ,

    , ( = , = , -

  • .... 106

    ). , , , , ,

    , , ,

    , .

    ,

    , ,

    ,20 ,

    , !!! ,

    . , ,

    , , -

    , , ,

    .

    , , (), , , ,

    ,

    , , .

    1. , , .2. 1224

    1230. , 1222, - . , 1224, , , , .

    3. .4. . , ,

    1985.5. .6. . , , . .7. . (1852 1942): .

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    8. , , .9. .10. . .11. 12. kasztel.13. .14. , . , , , -

    . .

    15. .

    16. . , , .17. , 1982,

    (. 15) ,

  • 3 107

    . ,

    . , ,

    () ().18. . -

    , , ,

    ,

    , . , -

    .

    19. , 1982, . -- .

    20. , 1982, -

    . : -

    ,

    .

    ... .

    , () . ,

    .

    ,

    .

  • 2

    :

    -

    2

  • ,

    (1650-1050 .. ). ,

    ,

    , -

    ,

    ,

    .

    , , -

    ( ),

    ,

    -

    .

    -

    ,

    . ,

    , ( ), , ,

    (), (lapis lazuli), , (), , , , - , , ,

    , ,

    , , . -

    , ( - , ). -,

  • , ,

    .

    , ,

    . , -

    .

    , -

    . , ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    . -

    ,

    () .

    , -

    . ,

    -

    ,

    , ,

    . -

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    -

    -

    .

    . ,

    .

    ,

    111

  • 112

    . ,

    , ,

    ,

    , -

    .

    -

    .

  • .

    .

    ( ) , ,

    .

    1.

    ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    .

    -

    , .

    , .

    -

    .

    1 : (Shelmerdine 2001: 332, table 1):

  • , .

    ,

    .

    -

    , , -

    , (1907). , -

    .

    , . ,

    , Alan J. B. Wace Maurice Thomson : (1909. 1912: 171-192), , , . -

    , R. Hope-Simpson J.F. Lazenby - -

    (1959), -

    (-: 82-83.). 1930, ,

    (Marinatos 1940: 334. Lemerle 1939).

    1960, - (1966), - (1972), - ,

    1973, - .

    , , -

    ( 1979), ( 1973), , -

    . 1977 , . , ,

    114 .

  • - . - .

    .

    (ThePhokis-Doris Expedition), , , (Kase etal. 1991).

    , , ,

    ,

    , . ,

    .

    Vincent Desborough (1964:126-7) , -

    . , ,

    , ,

    . ( 1966:242), (Dakoronia 1991: 70).

    , -

    , , . -

    , R. Hope-Simpson J. F. Lazenby, , -

    .

    ,

    , .

    (Hope-Simpson & Lazenby 1959. 1970: 127-131). , .

    -

    . ,

    ( 1999: 184)., ,

    ,

    , --

    , , -

    115

  • -

    .

    , -

    , , , -

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    -

    , -

    .

    -

    , -

    -

    ,

    (Knappett 2002: 169-171, ).

    ..

    2 -

    ,

    .

    ,

    , .

    2 : (Hope Simpson & Lazenby 1959: 102, 104. HopeSimpson & Dickinson 1979: 266, G83), : (Hope-Simpson & Dickinson 1979,266, G82. 1995. 1997: 127), ( Hope-Simpson &Lazenby 1959, 102, 105. Hope-Simpson & Dickinson 1979: 265, G79. 2002, . ), : ( 2004: 398), : (Hope-Simpson & Lazenby 1959: 102-103, 105. Hope-Simpson & Dickinson 1979:265, G 79. 1973-4: 518), : ( 1973-4: 320),: (; 1971: 62 .2), : (. -), : ( 1998: 139), : (. -), : (Hope Simpson & Dickinson 1979: 293-4, H62), -: ( 1997: 220-4, . 8-11. 2000), : (Hope Simpson & Dickinson 1979: 295, J3), (. ), (Wallace1991: 46-7), (Hope-Simpson & Lazenby 1959: 103. Hope-Simpson & Dickinson1979: 264, G76), (Hope-Simpson & Dickinson 1979: 264, G77. Wallace 1991: 48) (. ), : (Kase &Wilkie 1984: 112, . 68: c, d. Cherf 1991), ( 1987: 193, . 68).

    116 .

  • , ,

    ,

    , , , -

    .

    : .

    , , -

    , -

    -

    .

    , ,

    , .

    -

    , , .

    , ,

    . , -

    , , -

    (2002: 41-3. 2003: 263-4, . 3-4) , (1997. 1997: 211-4, . 1-3). ,

    3,

    .

    , -

    ,

    . , -

    . , -

    3 () (1908: 151, . 61). - ,

    , , ( , . 1968: 186). , (Mountjoy1995: 5).

    . -

    (FS 83) (F 63), (Mountjoy 1998: 29), (FS 87) (F 46: 29), , ,

    (Mountjoy 1998: 47).

    117

  • , -

    . , ,

    -

    , -

    ( 2000: 36). , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    ( 1956: 125. - 1994: 27) (- 1999: 139, 141).

    1: ( 1985. Dakoronia 1991: 181).

    ,

    (2002) . - , ,

    , ,

    , 40 ( 1985.1988. 1988. 1990: 41, . 1-2. Dakoronia 1991: 70-1, fig. 7: 2, pl. 7: 1-4.1994: 235-6 fig. 11 & 1999: 29-30). , -

    . -

    , ( 4, 4 (FS 84)

    (FM 49:1, . 1988), ,

    [Mountjoy 1999: 813], (1988).

    118 .

  • , , , , , -

    , , 1) , -, -

    ,

    (Dakoronia 1991: 71).

    , , -

    . (Marinatos 1940: 334. Lemerle 1939). (5, 6 -, , , ), : (Mountjoy 1999: 813-5, fig. 324). -

    , ( 1), , (. 2: , 5). , ,

    ( & 1970: 198-203. - 1991: 52).5 (FS 86), :

    (Mountjoy 1998: 146, . 172). - FS 85, FS 86, (1970: 207-9), , , -

    , (Papadopoulos 1979: 86). :

    , .

    FS 86 , . -

    2: ( Mountjoy 1999: 813-5)

    ( 1989: 180).

    119

  • , , -

    . ,

    ( , , ) -

    ( 2: ). , - -

    , .

    ( 1989: 180, . 75. Dakoronia1991: 72, pl. 7: 10. 1994: 236, fig. 12). ,

    , ,

    : (Mountjoy 1999: 818). ,

    ( 2: ). , -

    , ,

    . ,

    (Dakoronia 1991: 71), Mountjoy (1999: 813) ,

    , , , ,

    (Mommsen et al. 2001). -

    , ,

    .

    mycenaean handless jar FS 77 (Dakoronia 1994: 237). , - ,

    FS 86, 1, FS 77, 1 (Mountjoy 1998: 62).

    6 (FS 99) : (Mountjoy 1998:147) (1995: 328). , , - . -

    , , -

    ( -F 59),

    (Mountjoy 1999: 813). , ,

    : (Rutter 2003).

    120 .

  • ,

    ,

    , -

    - . 5 & 6. , ,

    .

    , -

    .

    ,

    ,

    1 . ,

    .

    , .

    , -

    .

    . ,

    .

    . , -

    .

    ,

    . -

    ,

    , (2000: 36) 7.

    7 , , , ( 1987. Maran 1988) , :

    ( 1999. Papakonstantinou 1999). , ,

    .

    121

  • -

    ,

    (contra 2000: 36), -

    .

    , -

    , -

    , , -

    , -

    . , , ,

    ,

    . , -

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    , , -

    .

    - : . -

    .

    , -

    ,

    (contra & 1999: 25). , ,

    , ,

    8. -

    , (1999: 181), , -

    8 , .

    , -

    (Papadimitriou 2001) , ,

    .

    (Mller 1999), (Onasoglou 1989: 130, n 4 fig. 5a-b, 9, )

    122 .

  • ( 1998. 2000: 14), ,

    .

    ,

    (Kase & Wilkie 1984: 12), (Marinatos 1940: 334.Lemerle 1939) , .

    -

    , ,

    , , ,

    . -

    , ,

    ,

    .

    -

    .

    -

    (Davis Bennet 1999: 114-5). - 14 ..,

    , -

    .

    , -

    ,

    : .

    ( 1999: 181), (eadem 1987: 188-9, . 68).

    .

    , , ,

    ,

    . -

    , -

    , , ( 1999:184). ,

    123

  • , .

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    . , -

    9

    10 .

    . , ,

    .

    -

    ,

    -

    , -

    .

    -

    -

    . -

    , , -

    . ,

    -

    9 Phokis-DorisExpedition, (Kase 1973. Wallace &Kase 1980. Kase et. al. 1991). , (Jansen 1995: 28), , , (idem 29)

    10 (- 2004) - . (eadem: 83-4 . 5,93 . 17 & 18, ), , , -

    . , -

    , , -

    .

    124 .

  • . -

    , -

    .

    , ,

    . -

    -

    , -

    ,

    , , , -

    .

    ,

    ,

    -

    , . , -

    - ,

    , -

    . -

    , :

    , -

    , , ,

    . -

    -

    .

    . .

    -

    , . , ,

    , . -

    , .... -

    , , ,

    .

    (2004). , .

    -, . 1994: : . . ( ), , : : - , 17-45.

    125

  • , .1999: . - , : , - & , 131 142.

    -, . 2004: . -V, 1999-2001 (2004), 71-100.

    , . 1995: . - . , : .

    , . 1973 (1907): , , : .Cherf, W. J. 1991: Dhema. Kase et al. 1991, 56-9., .1985: : , .

    33, 1978 (1985), 1, , 136 137., , 1987: . ,

    : ., . 1987: : . 34,

    1979 (1987), 1, , 188-189., . 1988: 70: . 1988, 133., . 1988: 232: . 1988, 238., . 1990: . 34, 40-3., . 1997: . . -

    ( ) , : , 209 224.

    , . 1997: : , . . - 47, 1992 (1997) 1, , 190 191.

    , . 1998: : , . . - 48, 1993 (1998), 1, , 199.

    , . 1999: : - ; , : , & , 181-186.

    , . 2000: . 50, 1995 (2000), 1, 348-350.

    , . 2000: - 1990 1998. : .. (1990-1998), : , , 1321.

    , . 2000: . : .. -

    (1990-1998), : , - , 35-37.

    Dakoronia, F. 1991: Late Helladic III, Submycenaean and Protogeometric finds in theSpercheios valley. Kase et al. 1991, 70-3.

    Dakoronia, F. 1994: Spercheios valley and the adjacent area in Late Bronze Age and Early IronAge. : , 1975-1990, , : , 233-242.

    , . . 1999: (- - . : ), : & - .

    , . . ( ) 2002: : , : , & .

    Davis, J. L. J. Bennet 1999: Making Mycenaeans: Warfare, territorial expansion andrepresentations of the Other in the pylian kingdom. R. Laffineur, ( )Polemos: le Contexte Guerrier en Ege a lge du Bronze, (Aegaeum 19) Universit de Lige,

    126 .

  • University of Texas at Austin, 105-119.Desborough, V. R. d A. 1964: The last Mycenaeans and their successors: An archaeological

    survey, C. 1200 C. 1000 B.C., Oxford: Clarendon Press., . ( ) 1988: :

    1600-1100 . ., : - ICOM, 133.

    Hope-Simpson, R. O. T. P . K. Dickinson 1979: A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in theBronze Age. Vol. I: The Mainland and Islands (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology LII),Gteborg: Paul strms Frlag.

    Hope-Simpson R. J. F. Lazenby 1959: The Kingdom of Peleus and Achilles. Antiquity 33,102-105.

    Hope-Simpson R. J. F. Lazenby 1970: The Catalogue of the ships in Homers Iliad,Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    , . . 1961: . 1956 (1961), 119-130.

    , . . 1966: : -, 3. . 19, 1964 (1966), 2, -, 241-3.

    , . . . 1970: . - , 198-203.

    , . 1968: . - , 184-189.

    , . 1970: , , , , ( . 67), : .

    , . 1973: . - VI, 395-401.

    Jansen, A. 1994: Stations along the roads in the area of Mycenae: An analysis of theMycenaean road system and its relation to the Mycenaean state. Ph. D. dissertation, University ofPensylvania.

    Kase, E. W. 1973: Mycenaean roads in Phocis. American Journal of Archaeology 77, 74-77.Kase, E. W. N. C. Wilkie 1984: The PhokisDoris Expedition. 32,

    1977 (1984), 1, , 110113.Kase, E. W., G. J. Szemler, N. C. Wilkie & P. W. Wallace ( ), 1991: The

    Great Isthmus corridor route: explorations of the Phokis-Doris expedition, Volume I, Dubuque:Kendall/Hunt Publishing company.

    Knappett, C. 2002: Mind the gap: between pots and politics in Minoan studies. Y.Hamilakis ( ), Labyinth revisited: rethinking Minoan archaeology, Oxford:Oxbow Books, 167-188.

    -, .: ( , , , -). . . ( ) , : . . .

    Kyriazi, O. 2002: The first stages of the Mycenaean period in the region of Phthiotis (-). 8th European Association of Archaeologists Annual Meeting, 24-29 September 2002,Abstracts book, Thessaloniki: Hellenic Ministry of Culture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,112-113.

    Lemerle, P. 1939: Chronique de fouilles et dcouvertes archologiques en Grce en 1939:Thermopyles. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellnique LXIII 1939 (1941), 309-310.

    Maran, J. 1988: Zur Zeitstellung der Grabhgel von Marmara (Mittelgriechenland),Archologisches Korrespondenzblatt 18, 341-355.

    Marinatos, S. 1940: Forschungen in Thermopylai. M. Wegner ( )Bericht ber den VI. Internationalen Kongress fr Archologie, Berlin: De Gruyter, 333-341.

    Mommsen, H., A. Hein, D. Ittameier, J. Maran Ph. Dakoronia 2001: New mycenaeanpottery production centres from the eastern part of central Greece obtained by Neutron ActivationAnalysis. . , . , & . ( ) , : -

    127

  • , , 343-354.Mountjoy P. 1995: Mycenaean Athens (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology Pocket Book

    127), Jonsered.Mountjoy P. 1998: ( . . ), :

    .

    Mountjoy P. 1999: Regional Mycenaean Pottery, Vols 1, 2, Rahden/Westf: M. Leidorf &Deutsches Archologisches Institut.

    - . 1991: . 40, 1985 (1991), , , 17-70.

    , . 2004: : . - 53, 1998 (2004), 2, , 397-400.

    Mller, S. 1999: . , : & & , 223-234.

    Onassoglou A. 1989: Nouveaux cachets mycniens de Phthiotide, de Locride de lEst et dePhocide. T. Hackens G. Moucharte ( ) Technology and Analysis ofAncient Gemstones (PACT 23), Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 125-145.

    Papadimitriou, N. 2001: Built Chamber Tombs of Middle and Late Bronze Age Date inMainland Greece and the Islands (British Archaeological Reports-International Series 925),Oxford: Archaeopress.

    Papadopoulos, A. 1979: Mycenean Achaea (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology LV),Gteborg: Paul strms Frlag.

    , .-. 1989: A : , . -, 38 1983 (1989), 1, , 180.

    , .-. 1995: : , . 44 1989 (1995), 1, , 169-170.

    , .-. 1997: . . - ( ), , : , 125-142.

    , .-. 1999: . -. , : & , 171-180.

    , .-. 2002: : , - -

    . . ( ), 1 -, , 25-34.

    Papaconstantinou, M.-F. 1999: The Grave circle B of Antron. Preliminary report. P. P.Betancourt, V. Karageorghis, R. Laffineur W.-D. Niemeier ( ), Meletemata(Aegaeum 20), 625-630.

    , . 1971: , : -.

    Rutter, J. B. 2003: The nature and potential significance of Minoan features in the earliest LateHelladic IIIC ceramic assemblages of the central and southern Greek mainland. S.DegerJalkotzy M. Zavadil ( ), LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms,Wien: Verlag sterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 193-216.

    Shelmerdine, C. W. 2001: Review of Aegean prehistory VI: he Palatial Bronze Age of thesouthern and central Greek Mainland. T. Cullen ( ), Aegean Prehistory: AReview (American Journal of Archaeology Supplement 1), Boston: Archaeological Institute ofAmerica, 329-377.

    , . 1972: : , , , -, , . 25, 1970 (1972), 1, , 243-5.

    , . 2002: - ....:- , 214 . & 2002, 41-3.

    , . 2003: : . .

    128 .

  • . - . ( ), - : , : - , & , 263-279.

    . 1908: ( . 14), : .

    Wace, A. J. B. M. S. Thomson 1909: Early Civilization in North Greece: Preliminaryreport on excavations in 1909. University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and AnthropologyII, 149-158.

    Wace, A. J. B. M. S. Thomson 1912: Prehistoric Thessaly, Being an account of recentexcavations and explorations in North-Eastern Greece from lake Kopais to the borders ofMacedonia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Wallace, P. 1991: Description of Sites. Kase et al. 1991, 46-55.Wallace, P. E. Kase 1980: The route of the Dorian Invasion.

    , 1978 (1980), 102-107.X . 1979: : , . -

    29 1973-1974 (1979), 2, , 518520.

    129

  • 19701, -

    2 (3), 5 . (Villae rusticae)

    4. , ,

    5 -

    6.

    -

    ,

    0,80., - .

    (.1) (.2), . -

    -

    7.

    , . -

    1089 . 284 .

    .

    10858, 958 -. 116 , 11 .

    .1

    .2

  • -

    4 6 ...

    . , -

    20 - .

    -

    (9) - .

    : )

    (277-239 ..)9. , .

    (.3). ) 3 (196-146 .)10.

    .

    (.4).

    : ) , 4 5 . ..11. , , -

    . )

    -

    -

    12. -

    -

    (277-239 ..) - -

    .3

    .4

    131

  • -

    2 . ..

    -

    -

    . (., , ).

    ,

    :

    : 337-361.. - -

    . -

    (337 .. ..), -

    13, ,

    ,

    FEL. TEMP.REPARATIO (591), SPESREIPUBLICE (253). -

    (346-361 .).1) , -

    .

    :

    . 1 AE 4. : (DV. CONSTANTI)NVS PT . AVGG. . . . O:

    (VN . MR .). , .

    14. (.5).

    . 1 AE 4. : . - . : .

    , 15. SMNT.

    . 2 AE 4. : CONSTANTINOPOLIS. - .

    . : .

    -

    .5

    .6

    132

  • .

    ,

    16. (.6).

    . 1 AE 3/4. :VRSB ROMA. H . -

    -

    . : -

    .

    17. (.7).

    2) . ,

    , -

    :

    . (VICTORIAAVGVSTORVM)18. N .

    . (.8).. GLORIA EXERCITVS19 :

    ( ). - , -

    . SMK(M). (.9).. (VICTORIAE DD. AVGG. Q.

    NN.). 20. (.10). VOT. / XX. /

    MVLT. / XXX. 21 (Vota Multa: ) . (.11).

    3) -

    (346-361 ..) :

    . FEL. TEMP. REPARATIO(591), . (.12). -,

    felix temporum reparatio felicium temporum reparatio. -

    . .

    .7

    .8

    .9

    .10

    .11

    133

  • -

    -

    (354-361..) - (351-354). -

    (360-363)22.. SPES REIPVBLICE (253)

    . (.13). 354-363, ( 354-361) (360-363)23. .

    ,

    -

    ,

    ,

    ,

    -

    24.

    25.

    FEL. TEMP.REPARATIO.

    : 375-395.. (375-392) . (379-395),

    26.

    :

    ) SALVS REIPVBLICE27 - - (1) (.14).

    ) REPARATIO REIPVBLICE28 -

    .12

    .13

    .14

    .15

    134

  • (2) (.15). : 572/3.. -

    (565-578). .

    .

    -

    . (.16). 8 (572/3..) (S) 29.

    terminus postquem .

    , B (444 -) 46% -. ,

    366 . -

    . (5), (51) (47). , .

    . -

    . ,

    4 . . -, -

    ,

    30.

    .

    .

    .

    , -

    31.

    5 . .. .

    5 6 .,

    32. ( 539..),

    55133 .

    34.

    ,

    ,

    .16

    135

  • 6 ., .

    , .

    35.

    , -

    ,

    . -

    , . ,

    ,

    ( ) 36. 4 . . -

    ,

    6 . .. 4 ... - ,

    6 . .. ,

    . -

    -

    . -

    37. -

    -

    . 5 , - ,

    38.

    -

    -

    .

    ,

    ,

    , 575/6 .. .., - ( 11 )39. , ,

    40.

    ,

    , -

    . ,

    , 6 . .. ( -, , ) terminuspostquem -

    136

  • ( 11 , 575/6..) 41., 4 . ..

    . :

    , ,

    . , :

    , , -

    42.

    ,

    43.

    565-578..44, - , -

    45.

    -

    , ,

    .

    - , 575/6... ,

    , 46.

    , -

    .

    -

    47. . etcalf

    48

    ,

    49. 582/3

    (578-582) (582-602) - 50.

    , 341 -

    ,

    580 .. . 51.

    , .

    (575/6..) terminus post quem 52.

    .

    53 -

    4