24.Vitamini 1
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Transcript of 24.Vitamini 1
Vitamini
Prof.dr Danica Agbaba
Vitamini
HO
H HHO
H H
hν hν
Ergosterol
Lumisterol2
HO
H
H
HO
H
HO
6
∆hν
hν
Ergosterol
ErgokalciferolTahisterol2
Pre-ergokalciferol
Vitamini
C CH CH2
CH3
H2C
2-metil-1,4-butadien
H C CH6
Hemiterpen
H3C CH3
CH3
1
2
3
4
5
6
H3C CH3
CH3
1
2
3
4
5
6
β-jononα-jonon
2,6,6-trimetil-1-cikloheksen
C40-tetraterpen
C20-diterpen
Vitamini
CH3CH3
CH3CH3
1
23
4
5 61
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
β-karoten
Dioksigenaza
Peroksidaza
CH3CH3 O
C
CH3CH3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9O
H
12
CH2OH
CH3CH3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
Retinal
dehidrogenaza
3,4-dehidroretinol-A2
Retinol
Retinal
A1
Retinol, Akseroftol
CH2OH
CH3CH3
CH3
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
H3C CH3
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
12
34
5
6 7
8
910
1112
1314
15
All-trans-A1
3,7-dimetil-9(2',6',6'-trimetil-1-cikloheksenil)-2,4,6,8-(nonatetraen)-1-ol
4-cis (Z) ili
11-cis (Z)C
CH3 O
HRetinal
COOH
CH3
Retinolna kiselina
Z-cis
Tretinoin
Etretinat
COOC2H5
CH3CH3CH3
H3C
CH3H3CO
CH3
CH3
HH
H
CH3
CH3
H3C CH3
CH3
H
H
H
5α- androstan
H
HH
5α-holestan
ProvitaminiH3C
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
HO
H
H
A B
C D
18
19
20
2122
2324 25
Ergosterol
(3β, 22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol
UV
CH
H3C
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
H
H
CH2
HO 1
23
4
5
10
19
6 7
89
11
12
17
25
Ergokalciferol-D2
3β, 5Z,7E,22E
CH3
CH3
H3C
H
CH3
CH3
H
H
H
H
C27-Holestan
CH3
CH3
H3C CH3
CH3
HO
17
18
19
20
21 22
23
24
25
26
27
H
H
Holesterol
3β-holest-5-en-3-olC27-Holestan
3β-holest-5-en-3-ol
CH3
CH3
H3C CH3
CH3
HO
17
18
19
20
21 22
23
24
25
26
27
7-dehidroholesterol
Provitamin-D3
CH3
CH3
H3C CH3
CH3
HO
9
107-dehidroholesterol
UVSeco 9,10
Ergokalciferol-D2
5Z,7E-izomerHolekalciferol-D3
CH3
H3C CH3
CH3
HO
CH2
CH3
12
34
56
7
89
10
1911
12
13
14 15
1617
18 25
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
H3C
45
67
89
10
11
12
13
14 15
16
171825
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
H3C
4 5
67
89
11
12
13
14 15
16
171825
OH
HO1
23
10
5Z,7E-9,10-seko-holesta-5,7,10 (19)-trien-3β-ol
Holekalciferol-D3
HO1
23
4 510
OH
Sintetski analozi D2 i D3
CH3
H
H3C
H
OH
OH
HO
CH2
12
34
56
7
89
10
11 1213
14 15
16
17
18
19
HO6
Calcipotrien
1α-OH-D2-doksekalciferol
19-Nor-1α-25-dihidroksi D2-paricalcitol
O
1
2
3
+
OH
H
Hroman
OCH3
R
HO
2
3
45
6
7
8
*
Tokol
R=terpenski st
Vitamini E-tokoferoli
Opšta formula
R-fitil (diterpen)
CH3
OCH3
R
R
HO
R
R
*
2
3
45
6
87
1
O
HO
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH3
CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3
1
21
2
3 5 7 9 11
4 6 8 10 12*
α-Tokoferol (2R,4R,8R)
2,5,7,8-tetrametil-2-(4,8,12-trimetiltridecil)-hroman-6-ol
O CH3
R
R
HO
R
R
1
2
3
456
7
8
*
-2H
+2H
O
O CH3
OH
R
R
R
R
Hinon-inaktivan
Vitamini K
O
O
CH3
R
12
3
2' 4' 6' 8' 10' 12' 14'
15'
16'
* *R=
K1-
1' 3' 5' 7' 9' 11' 13 15'
17'CH3 CH3
H HFitil-
2'E, 7'R, 11'R
K2- n=4 (30)n=5 (35)
n
Vitamini K
Prirodni
I
II
K1-Filohinon-u zelenim delovima biljaka
K2-Menahinoni-crevna floraII
III
K2-Menahinoni-crevna flora
Sintetski
Resorpcija-pasivni transport prednost
Sintetski vitamini K
O
CH3
O
P ONa
ONa
O
K4
OCOCH3
CH3
OCOCH3
K5
PO ONa
ONa
OCOCH3
CH3
NH2..
HCl
OHNH2
CH3
NH2 2HCl
Sintetski vitamini K
O
CH3
O
CH3
OSO2Na
OO
OH
CH3
R
OH
O
CH3
R
O
O
VitaminKH Vitamin K-2,3 epoksid
Vitamin K
CO2 + O2
Protrombin
Faktor koagulacije
VII, IX, X
+ cofactor
O
CH3
R
O
VitaminKH2
2,3-hinon
reduktaza
Vitamin K
Vitamin K-2,3 epoksid
Vit K-2,3
epoksid reduktaza
Kumarini Kumarini
O O
Antikoagulansi
O O
OH
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
Kumarin=benzo-2-piron≡
2H ili 2α-Hromen
18
4-hidroksikumarin
Antikoagulansi
Dikumarol
OO
OH
CH2
OO
OH
Dikumarol
OO
OH
CH
OO
OHC
O OC2H5
Etilbiskumacetat
Monokumarini
O
C
CH3
OH
O
O
1
23
4
5
6
7
*
O
C
CH3
OH
O
O
*
NO2
O O
Varfarin Acenokumarol
O
CH3
OH
O
*
Fenprokumon
Indandioni
O
O
H
R
1
2
3
O
O
H
R
1
2
3
O
R Fenindion
R OCH3 Anisindion
R
O
O
CH3
O
CH3
H
Vit. K koagulans
O
R
O
O
H
12
3
O
O
H
R
O
Antagonisti vitamina K
R
OH
R
OH
CH3
OH
O
R
OH
O1
2
3
O
OH
R