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THE SUNNada Al-Haddad

KU Leuven

SHINE 2011

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OUTLINES

• Properties

• Core

• Radiative Zone

• Convective Zone

• Photosphere

• Chromosphere

• Corona

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• Main Sequence G star• M⨀ = 2x1030 kg• R⨀ = 7x108 m = 7x105

km• L⨀ = 3.9x1026 W (Solar

Constant = 1350 W/m2)• Mean Density =

Mass/Volume = M/((4/3)πR3)= 1400 kg/m3 = 1.4 g/cm3

Properties

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Main Regions

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The coreEnergy generation through nuclear burning

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Main Regions

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Adapted from George Rafflet at Jigsaw, India 2007

The coreEnergy generation through nuclear burning

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Main Regions

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Radiative ZoneEnergy transportation through Radiation

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Main Regions

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Main Regions

Convective ZoneEnergy transportation through Convection

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Convective ZoneEnergy generation through nuclear burning

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Main Regions

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Photosphere• Source of Photons• 6000 K

SUNSPOTS

• Low temperature in the photosphere ~ 4780 K

•Intense magnetic field

•Days-Weeks

Features:

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• 1600 Km

• 10^-4 the intensity of the

photosphere

• Temperature increase 4400-100000 K

• He II, Fe II, Si II, Cr II and Ca II

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Chromosphere

Features:

• Flares

• Prominences

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Transition region

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Corona

• Very high temperature• Visible at total eclipse • No well defined outer

boundary • Low density

5273 K

2,000,273 KFeatures:

• Coronal holes

Dark in X-ray and EUV

Low density High speed Solar wind

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Solar windQuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

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• Constant stream of charged particles (Plasma)

from Sun to beyond pluto ( 5900 million km)

• 95% protons & electrons, 5% isotopes: helium-3,

helium-4, neon-20, neon-21, neon-22, and argon-

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• Average speed 450 km/s

• Average Density 4 atoms/cm3

• Shapes the magnetosphere 14

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Solar windQuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

• Constant stream of charged particles (Plasma)

from Sun to beyond pluto ( 5900 million km)

• 95% protons & electrons, 5% isotopes: helium-3,

helium-4, neon-20, neon-21, neon-22, and argon-

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• Average speed 450 km/s

• Average Density 4 atoms/cm3

• Shapes the magnetosphere 15

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Solar Cycle

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Solar Cycle

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Coronal Mass Ejections

• explosions in the Sun's corona

• huge bubbles of gas threaded with magnetic field lines

• 10^6 K

• A lot of material is thrown out into the solar wind

• CME's can seriously disrupt the Earth's environment

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Dank U Wel!

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