1. ΣΥΝΤΟΜΟ ΒΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΟ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΜΑ · 3. Catalysis fundamentals (with Prof....

1. ΣΥΝΤΟΜΟ ΒΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΟ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΜΑ

Ημερομηνία γεννήσεως: 16/11/1981

Όνομα πατρός: Νικόλαος

Όνομα μητρός: Θεοδώρα

Υπηκοότητα: Ελληνική

Διεύθυνση Εργασίας: University College London, Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Centre for Nature

Inspired Engineering, Torrington Place London UK WC1E 7JE

Τηλέφωνο: +44 (0)776 891 5255

E-Mail: [email protected]

Ξένες γλώσσες: Αγγλικά (άριστα), Γαλλικά (πολύ καλά), Γερμανικά (καλά)

2. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY (Επαγγελματική Εμπειρία)

02/2017-present: Tenure-track Assistant Research Professor in Chemical Engineering (=

Senior Researcher title in the UK), University College London, UK

Συμμετέχω ως επιστημονικός ερευνητής σε όλα τα επιστημονικά προγράμματα / προτάσεις για

χρηματοδότηση του Τμήματος που σχετίζονται με νανο-δομημένα υλικά (σύνθεση με χρήση

υπερκρίσιμων ρευστών (CO2), electrospraying/electrospinning, physical vapor deposition with

ionic liquids, hydrothermal synthesis, etc.), φυσικοχημεία, σχεδίαση χημικών αντιδραστήρων,

πολυμερή, διεργασίες χημικής μηχανικής (μεταφορά θερμότητας, μάζας, μηχανική ρευστών),

ηλεκτροχημεία και ηλεκτροχημικές συσκευές.

01/2014-01/2017: Senior Postdoctoral Researcher & Teaching Fellow in Chemical

Engineering, University College London, UK

Research title: Nature-inspired electrochemical systems (Advisor: Prof. Marc-Olivier Coppens)

07/2012-01/2014: Postdoctoral Fellow in Chemical Engineering, Technical University Berlin,

Germany

Research title: Stability of Pt / non-Pt alloys in electrochemical environments (Advisor: Prof.

Peter Strasser)

01/2010-06/2012: Postdoctoral Fellow in Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of

Technology, Atlanta

Research title: Modeling of Pt dissolution in low temperature fuel cells (Advisor: Prof. Tom

Fuller; Toyota Motors funding). Μέρος του προγράμματος για την ανάπτυξη του καταλύτη που

χρησιμοποιείται στο αυτοκίνητο υδρογόνου Toyota Mirai.

Panagiotis Trogadas

Assistant Research Professor in Chemical Engineering

University College London,

Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Centre for Nature Inspired Eng.

Torrington Place London UK WC1E 7JE

Mobile: +44-744-65-24-754

Email: [email protected]

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3. ACADEMIC HISTORY (Σπουδές)

08/2005-12/2009: Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago,

USA.

Dissertation Title: Electrolyte degradation and degradation mitigation in PEMFCs (Advisor: Prof.

Vijay Ramani; General Motors funding).

09/2000-05/2005: Diploma in Chemical Engineering, Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο.

Πρακτική άσκηση: Inorganic membranes for high temperature PEM fuel cells στο ερευνητικό

κέντρο CEST, Wr. Neustadt, Vienna, Austria μέσω του προγράμματος IAESTE (Ιούνιος-

Σεπτέμβριος 2003).

Διπλωματική θέση (Diploma thesis): Μελέτη Εναλλακτικών Σεναρίων για την Ενσωμάτωση

Ανανεώσιμων Πηγών Ενέργειας στη Λήμνο (Study of Alternatives Scenarios for the

Introduction of RES in Lemnos’ Energy System, Greece) (Advisor: Prof. Δ. Ασημακόπουλος).

Απολυτήριο Λυκείου από τα ιδιωτικά εκπαιδευτήρια Μ.Ν. Ράπτου, Λάρισας

4. RESEARCH FUNDING (Χρηματοδότηση Επιστημονικής Έρευνας)

"Nature-inspired scale-up of PEM electrolyzers", grant proposal submitted to Shell (accepted

Ιούλιος 2018, επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος (Lead PI): Dr P. Trogadas and Prof. M-O Coppens.

“Bio-inspired approaches to pollutant removals: Kidney-inspired, multilayer membranes for water

purification” Επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος (Lead-PI): Dr. P. Trogadas, Co-PI: Prof. M.-O. Coppens.

Part of the joint proposal on “Multi-source depollution for portable and scalable supply of clean

water (and energy) in the developing world”, in collaboration with UCL Chemistry (Prof. Z.X.

Guo & Prof. G. Sankar), UCL Medicine, UCL Civil Engineering (Dr. Louiza Campos), Warwick

Univ. (Prof. J. Gardener), Wateraid and Bill Gates Foundation, EP/R04015X/1, Research Council

UK, 8 million £, 5 years funding.

Recipient of German National Science Foundation (DFG - Deutsche

Forschungsgemeinschaft) research grant on "The morphological stability of supported metal

nanoparticles in electrochemical systems" (DFG STR 596/4-1; Επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος (Lead

PI): Dr P. Trogadas; Co-PI: Prof. Peter Strasser; 4 years funding: 2014-2018; 400,000 €).

"In-situ SAXS studies of Atomic Structure Transformations of Bimetallic Pt-M Nanoparticle

Catalysts during Electrochemical Potential Cycling" TU Berlin Graduate College program;

επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος (Lead PI): Dr P. Trogadas; Co-PI: Prof. Peter Strasser; 9 months

funding: 2013; 30,000 €).

"Nature-inspired electrocatalysts", UKRI Fellowship proposal (Επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος (Lead

PI): Dr P. Trogadas, under review Ιούνιος 2018, 1.2 million £ requested funding).

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"Graphene-based Hierarchical Electrocatalysts and Modified Anion Exchange Membranes for

Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries" Επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος (Lead PI): Dr P. Trogadas, under

review Ιούνιος 2018, EPSRC-NSF, συνεργασία με Washington U. Saint Louis, 500,000

£ requested funding).

"Bimetallic catalysts for the electrocatalytic evolution of water" (Επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος

(Lead PI): Dr P. Trogadas, under review Ιούνιος 2018, EPSRC-NSF, συνεργασία με Stanford,

500,000 £ requested funding).

"EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training: Nature-Inspired Engineering", multi-million grant funding

proposal for PhD studentships at UCL's Department of Chemical Engineering & Centre for Nature

Inspired Engineering (Επιστημονικός συνεργάτης (Co-PI): Dr P. Trogadas, Prof. M-O Coppens,

Prof. A. Gavriilidis, Prof. P. Angeli, Prof. E. Sorensen, Prof. D. Brett, Final Stage, under review

Ιούνιος 2018, EPSRC).

Beam time request proposal for Neutron radiography investigation of liquid water distribution in

fractal flow field based PEM fuel cells, επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος (Lead PI): Dr P. Trogadas.

No monetary value; 5 days of beam time (total) acquired at Paul Scherer Institute (Switzerland) in

2017.

Στην Αμερική, συμμετείχα στα ακόλουθα επιστημονικά προγράμματα:

Modeling of Pt dissolution in low temperature fuel cells, επιστημονικός συνεργάτης (Co-PI): Dr

P. Trogadas, Lead PI: Prof. Tom Fuller; Toyota Motors funding). Μέρος του προγράμματος

για την ανάπτυξη του καταλύτη που χρησιμοποιείται στο αυτοκίνητο υδρογόνου Toyota Mirai.

NSF Award # 0756473 (CBET Division): “Fundamental study of reactive oxygen species

generation and capture in PEM fuel cells”; 3 years funding:2008-2011; 294,000 $; επιστημονικός

συνεργάτης (Co-PI): Dr P. Trogadas, Lead PI: Prof. Vijay Ramani).

Beam time request proposal for in-situ EXAFS studies of PtO growth in PEM fuel cells,

επιστημονικός υπεύθυνος (Lead PI): Dr P. Trogadas. No monetary value; 8 days of beam time

(total) acquired at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, New York) in 2011.

Beam time request proposal for neutron imaging studies on PEM fuel cells, επιστημονικός

υπεύθυνος (Lead PI): Dr P. Trogadas. No monetary value; 8 days of beam time (total) acquired

at NIST (Gaithersburg, Maryland) in 2007 and 2008.

Bi-functional electrocatalysts for degradation mitigation in PEM fuel cells: 20,000 $ (2006) IIT

Graduate College ERIF program; επιστημονικός συνεργάτης (Co-PI): Dr P. Trogadas, Lead PI:

Prof. Vijay Ramani).

Panagiotis Trogadas





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5. TEACHING EXPERIENCE (Διδακτική Εμπειρία)

Fellowship of Higher Education Academy (under review Οκτώβριος 2017)

Current Teaching Commitments (2014-present):

1. CENG304P/CENG3005 Transport Phenomena II (half module; final year

undergraduate, MEng & MSc level; 130 students class size; δημιουργία της διδακτικής

ύλης του μαθήματος).

2. ENGS102P Engineering Challenges (half module; 1st year undergraduate level; 100

students class size; δημιουργία της διδακτικής ύλης του μαθήματος).

3. CENGM04P Nature Inspired Chemical Engineering (half-module; MEng & MSc level;

60 students class size).

Past Teaching Commitments:

3. Catalysis fundamentals (with Prof. Peter Strasser; TU Berlin, 2013-2014).

4. Electrochemistry Fundamentals (with Prof. Tom Fuller; Georgia Institute of Technology,

2010-2012).

5. Teaching Assistant (with Prof. Vijay Ramani):

- Undergraduate courses (Electrochemical Engineering (Jan. 2009 - May 2009) / Chemical

Reactor Design and Kinetics (Sep. 2008 - Dec. 2008)).

- Graduate courses (Electrochemical Engineering (Aug. 2009 - Dec. 2009) / Chemical

Reactor Design and Kinetics (Jan. 2008 - May 2008)/ Renewable Energy Sources (Sep.

2004 - Jun. 2005).

Workshops:

6. Organizer/Instructor of catalysis and fuel cells workshop, TU Berlin, March 8th

-10th

2014.

7. Instructor of fuel cells workshops (2011-present): University of Central Florida, Purdue

University, University of South Carolina, UC Santa Barbara, U. Connecticut, UC Davis.

Students Supervision (Επίβλεψη φοιτητών):

8. Επίβλεψη διδακτορικών και μεταπτυχιακών εργασιών (PhD/MSc thesis advisor; UCL,

2014-present).

PhD theses:

- Nature-inspired fuel cells (student: Jason Cho)

Panagiotis Trogadas





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- Nature-inspired enhancement of enzyme performance by confinement in nanopores

(student: Michele Lynch)

- Synthesis, characterisation, and catalytic testing of novel nano-structured heterogeneous

catalysts for the epoxidation reaction (student: Haiyue Yu)

- Pattern formation in pulsed fluidized beds (student: Kaiqiao Wu)

MSc/MEng theses (2016-17):

- MSc thesis: Mass transfer within a reconstructed porous network (modeling/experimental;

joint project with IFP Energies Nouvelles Lyon, France).

- MEng thesis: The effect of fractal flow fields structure to pressure drop and water

management within the cell (modeling/experimental)

- MEng thesis: Kidney-inspired ultra-filtration systems for water purification and

bioseparation (modeling)

9. Επίβλεψη μεταδιδακτορικών, διδακτορικών και μεταπτυχιακών φοιτητών

(Postdoc/PhD/MSc/MEng students’ supervisor; UCL, 2014-present).

10. Επίβλεψη διδακτορικών και μεταπτυχιακών φοιτητών (PhD/MSc/Bachelor students’

supervisor; Technical University Berlin, 2012-2014).

11. Επίβλεψη διδακτορικών και μεταπτυχιακών φοιτητών (PhD/MSc/Bachelor students’

supervisor; Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010-2012).

6. SERVICE/ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITMENTS (Κριτής)

Expert Reviewer for US National Science Foundation (NSF), Materials Research Division

Expert Reviewer for Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Chemical Reactors Division

Expert Reviewer for Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK),

Materials for Energy Division

Expert Reviewer for German National Science Foundation (DFG), Materials Science and

Engineering Division

Expert Reviewer for Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK),

Materials for Energy Division

Expert Reviewer for Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR),

Fundamental Research Division, Chemical Engineering Fundamentals and Energy Processes

Areas

Panagiotis Trogadas





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Reviewer for Nature Materials

Reviewer for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA

Reviewer for Accounts of Chemical Research

Reviewer for Journal of American Chemical Society

Reviewer for Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Reviewer for ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Reviewer for ChemSusChem.

Reviewer for Electrochimica Acta

Reviewer for International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Reviewer for the Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Reviewer for RSC Advances

Reviewer for Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

Reviewer for American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund

Reviewer for Journal of Membrane Science

Reviewer for Chemical Engineering Journal

7. PATENTS

"Nature-inspired flow fields for electrochemical devices", P. Trogadas, J.I.S. Cho, T.P. Neville,

D.J.L. Brett, and M.O. Coppens (provisional patent, under review Ιούνιος 2018).

8. PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS (ΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΥΣΕΙΣ ΜΕ ΚΡΙΤΕΣ)

[* Αλληλογραφών συγγραφέας]

PEER-REVIEWED BOOK CHAPTERS (Κεφάλαια Βιβλίων):

1. P. Trogadas* and M.O. Coppens, A Nature-Inspired Approach in Chemical Reaction Engineering,

In Sustainable Nanoscale Engineering; Livingston A.G. Ed.; Elsevier Publishing, accepted

Σεπτέμβριος 2018.

2. P. Trogadas* and M.O. Coppens, Hierarchically structured Pt and non-Pt based electrocatalysts for

PEM fuel cells, In Handbook of Green Chemistry; Lapkin A., Anastas P. Eds.; RSC Publishing,

accepted manuscript Ιανουάριος 2017, in print.

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3. P. Trogadas* and P. Strasser, Carbon, Carbon Hybrids and Composites in Polymer Electrolyte

Fuel Cells, In Nanocarbon-Inorganic Hybrids Next Generation Composites for Sustainable Energy

Applications; Eder D., Schlögl R. Eds.; Walther de Gruyter Publishing, 2014; p. 357-393.

4. P. Trogadas* and T. Fuller, Membrane Degradation Mechanisms in PEMFC, In Polymer

Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Science, Applications and Challenges; Franco A.A. Ed.; CRC Press, 2013;

p. 401-427. [Αναφορές: Scopus=2]

5. P. Trogadas* and T. Fuller, Durability Testing, In Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct

Methanol Fuel Cell Technology (PEMFCs and DMFCs); Hartnig C., Roth C. Eds.; Woodhead

Publishing, 2012; p. 194-219. [Αναφορές: Scopus=3]

6. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V. Ramani, Degradation Mitigation in PEM Fuel Cells Using Metal

Nanoparticle and Metal Oxide Additives, In Functional Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy

Storage and Conversion; Wang Q., Zhu L. Eds.; ACS Books, 2010; p. 187-207. [Αναφορές:

Scopus=11]

7. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Composite membranes for PEMFC, Encyclopedia of Electrochemical

Power Sources, Elsevier, 2009; p. 716-723.

8. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Membrane and MEA Development in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells,

In Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells; Zaidi, S.M.J.; Matsuura, T. Eds.; Springer, 2008; p. 253-

281. [Αναφορές: Scopus=1]

PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL PAPERS (Επιστημονικά Περιοδικά):

9. P. Trogadas, J.I.S. Cho, T.P. Neville, J. Marquis, D.J.L. Brett and M.O. Coppens, Optimizing the

Architecture of Lung-Inspired Fuel Cells Applied Energy under review Αύγουστος 2018.

10. J.I.S. Cho, P. Trogadas, T. P. Neville, J. Bailey, P. Shearing, D. J. L. Brett and M.O. Coppens,

Capillaries for Water Management in PEM fuel cells Electrochimica Acta under review

Αύγουστος 2018.

11. J.I.S. Cho, P. Trogadas, T.P. Neville, Q. Meyer, Y. Wu, R. Ziesche, P. Boillat, M. Cochet, P.

Shearing, D.J.L. Brett and M.O. Coppens, Visualization of Liquid Water in Lung-Inspired Flow

Field based PEMFC via Neutron Radiography Electrochimica Acta under review Αύγουστος

2018.

12. A.S. Perera, J.K. Cockcroft, P. Trogadas, H. Yu, N. Kapil and M.O. Coppens, Titanium(IV)

Induced Cristobalite Formation in Titanosilicates and Its Potential Impact on Catalysis Journal of

Materials Science Just Accepted Αύγουστος 2018 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-018-2869-0.

13. A.S. Perera, P. Trogadas, M.M. Nigra, H. Yu and M.O. Coppens, Optimization of Catalytic

Activity of Mesoporous Titanosilicates via Statistically Guided Synthesis Journal of Materials

Science 53 (2018) 7279-7293. [Αναφορές: Scopus=1]

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14. P. Trogadas, J.I.S Cho, T.P. Neville, J. Marquis, B. Wu, D. Brett, and M.O. Coppens, A Lung-

Inspired Approach to Scalable and Robust Fuel Cell Design Energy & Environmental Science 11

(2018) 136-143 (Top 2% rank by senior reviewers; Front cover; άρθρο της χρονιάς 2018).

[Αναφορές: Scopus=4]

15. P. Trogadas*, V. Ramani, P. Strasser, T.F. Fuller, and M.O. Coppens, Hierarchically Structured

Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. 55 (2016)

122-148. [Αναφορές: Scopus=70]

16. P. Trogadas, M.M. Nigra, and M.O. Coppens, Nature-inspired optimization of hierarchical porous

media for catalytic and separation processes New Journal of Chemistry 40 (2016) 4016-4026

(themed issue dedicated to François Fajula). [Αναφορές: Scopus=17]

17. P. Trogadas, O.O. Taiwo, B. Tjaden, T.P. Neville, S. Yun, J. Parrondo, V. Ramani, M.O. Coppens,

D.J.L. Brett, and P.R. Shearing X-Ray Micro-Tomography As a Diagnostic Tool for The Electrode

Degradation in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries, Electrochemistry Communications 48 (2014)

155-159. [Αναφορές: Scopus=20]

18. P. Trogadas*, T.F. Fuller and P. Strasser, Carbon as Catalyst and Support for Electrochemical

Energy Conversion, Carbon 75 (2014) 5-42 (cited as “hot” article; ~ 150 citations thus far).


19. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V. Ramani, CeO2 Surface Oxygen Vacancy Concentration Governs

in Situ Free Radical Scavenging Efficacy in Polymer Electrolytes, ACS Applied Materials &

Interfaces 4 (2012) 5098-5102 (cited as “hot” article). [Αναφορές: Scopus=71]

20. P. Trogadas*, E. Pinot and T.F. Fuller, Composite Solvent Casted Nafion Membranes for

Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries, Electrochemical Solid-State Letters 15 (2011) A5-A8.


21. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo, F. Mijangos and V. Ramani, Degradation Mitigation in PEM Fuel Cells

Using Metal Nanoparticle Additives, Journal of Materials Chemistry 21 (2011) 19381-19388.

(cited as “hot” article). [Αναφορές: Scopus=20]

22. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V. Ramani, Platinum supported on CeO2 effectively scavenges free

radicals within the electrolyte of an operating fuel cell, Chemical Communications 47 (2011)

11549-11551 (cited as “hot” article). [Αναφορές: Scopus=37]

23. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V. Ramani, Degradation Mitigation in Polymer Electrolyte

Membranes Using Cerium Oxide as a Regenerative Free-Radical Scavenger Electrochemical

Solid-State Letters 11 (2008) B113-B116 (cited as “hot” article). [Αναφορές: Scopus=96]

24. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Pt/C-WO3 Electrocatalysts for Degradation Mitigation in Polymer

Electrolyte Fuel Cells Journal of the Electrochemical Society 155 (2008) B696-B703. [Αναφορές:

Scopus=34]

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Mobile: +44-744-65-24-754


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25. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Pt/C/MnO2 hybrid electrocatalysts for degradation mitigation in

polymer electrolyte fuel cells Journal of Power Sources 174 (2007) 159-163. [Αναφορές:

Scopus=46]

PEER-REVIEWED TRANSACTIONS PUBLICATIONS

(Επιστημονικά Περιοδικά Διεθνών Συνεδρίων):

26. E.L. Redmond, P. Trogadas, F.M. Alamgir, and T.F. Fuller, The effect of platinum oxide growth

on platinum stability in PEMFCs, ECS Transactions 50 (2012) 1369. [Αναφορές: Scopus=6]

27. P. Trogadas and T.F. Fuller, The Effect of Uniform Particle Size Distribution on Pt Stability, ECS

Transactions 41 (2011) 761. [Αναφορές: Scopus=4]

28. P. Trogadas and T.F. Fuller, Role of Particle Size Distribution on Pt stability, ECS Transactions 33

(2010) 115. [Αναφορές: Scopus=1]

29. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, In Situ Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in PEM Fuel Cells,

ECS Transactions 25 (2009) 443. [Αναφορές: Scopus=3]

30. A. Angelis-Dimakis, P. Trogadas, G. Arampatzis and D. Assimacopoulos, Cost Effectiveness

Analysis for Renewable Energy Sources Integration in the Island of Lemnos, Greece iEMSs 2008:

International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software 2 (2008) 1215.


Membranes using Free Radical Scavengers, ECS Transactions 16 (2008) 1725. [Αναφορές:

Scopus=8]

32. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Hybrid Catalysts for Degradation Mitigation in PEFCs, ECS

Transactions 11 (2008) 949.

33. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani Hybrid Catalysts for Degradation Mitigation in PEFCs, ECS

Transactions 6 (2007) 1. [Αναφορές: Scopus=2]

9. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES (Διοργάνωση Θεματικών Ενοτήτων / Ανακοινώσεις σε

Διεθνή Συνέδρια)

New Session Organization/Chairing (Διοργάνωση Θεματικών Ενοτήτων):

Session organizer & chairman of "Nature-Inspired Electrochemical Systems" during 2017 Annual

AIChE meeting (Minneapolis, MN).

Session chairman of “Vehicle, Gas Processing Storage, Direct-Fuel FCs” during Polymer

Electrolyte Fuel Cells 10 Symposium (Electrochemical Society (ECS) Las Vegas meeting 2010).

Session chairman of “Improved Carbon and novel catalysts supports” during Polymer Electrolyte

Fuel Cells 09 Symposium (Electrochemical Society (ECS) Vienna meeting 2009).

Panagiotis Trogadas





Mobile: +44-744-65-24-754


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Presentations (Ανακοινώσεις):

Nature-inspired flow fields for PEM fuel cells, P. Trogadas and M.O. Coppens, AIChE 2017, Oct.

29-Nov 3rd

, 2017, Minneapolis, MN.

Nature-inspired materials for catalytic applications, P. Trogadas and M.O. Coppens, 2017 ICMAT,

June 18-23, 2017, Singapore (Keynote lecture).

Synthesis of a Highly Active Hierarchically Ordered Micro-Meso Porous Titanosilicate Via

Statistically Optimized Synthesis, A.S. Perera, P. Trogadas, M.M. Nigra, K. Qiu and M.O.

Coppens, 2016 AIChE Annual Meeting, November 13-18, 2016, San Francisco, CA.

Nature-Inspired Fractal Flow Field for PEM Fuel Cells, T.P. Neville, J. Cho, P. Trogadas, M.O.

Coppens, D. Brett and J. Marquis, 2016 AIChE Annual Meeting, November 13-18, 2016, San

Francisco, CA.

X-Ray Micro-Tomography As a Diagnostic Tool for the Electrode Degradation in Vanadium

Redox Flow Batteries, P. Trogadas, M.O. Coppens, D.J. Brett, P.R. Shearing et al., 227th

ECS

meeting, May 24-28, 2015, Chicago, IL.

The Effect of Uniform Particle Size Distribution on Pt Stability, P. Trogadas and T.F. Fuller, 220th

ECS meeting, October 9-14, 2011, Boston, Mass.

Catalyst Degradation Modeling in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, P. Trogadas and T.F. Fuller,

Toyota Motor, April 26th

, 2011, Atlanta, GA.

Role of particle size distribution on Pt stability, P. Trogadas and T.F. Fuller, 218th

ECS meeting,

October 10-15, Las Vegas, Nevada.

Catalyst Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, P. Trogadas and T.F. Fuller, Toyota Motor,

April 7th

, 2010, Atlanta, GA.

Membrane Degradation and Degradation Mitigation in PEM Fuel Cells, P. Trogadas and V.

Ramani, Paul Scherer Institute, October 12th

, 2009, Switzerland (invited speaker).

In Situ Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in PEM Fuel Cells, P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V.

Ramani, 216th

ECS meeting, October 4-9, 2009, Vienna, Austria.

Degradation Mitigation in PEM Fuel Cells Using Metal Nanoparticle Additives, P. Trogadas, J.

Parrondo and V. Ramani, 237th

ACS meeting, March 22-26, 2009, Salt Lake, Utah (invited

speaker).

Degradation mitigation in polymer electrolyte membranes using free radical scavengers, P.

Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V. Ramani, 214th ECS meeting, October 12-17, 2008, Honolulu,

Hawaii. [Best presentation award in fuel cells symposium - durability section]

Pt/Metal Oxide/C Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Degradation Mitigation in PEFCs, P. Trogadas and

V. Ramani, 212th ECS meeting, October 7-12, 2007, Washington, DC.

Panagiotis Trogadas





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Nanostructured hybrid electrocatalysts (Pt-WO3) for degradation mitigation in PEFCs, P. Trogadas

and V. Ramani, 234th ACS National Meeting, August 19-23, 2007, Boston, MA.

Nanostructured Bi-functional Electrocatalysts for Degradation Mitigation in PEFCs, P. Trogadas

and V. Ramani, 211th

ECS meeting, May 6-10, 2007, Chicago, IL.

AWARDS (Βραβεία)

Άρθρο της χρονιάς 2018, P. Trogadas et al. A Lung-Inspired Approach to Scalable and Robust

Fuel Cell Design Energy & Environmental Science 11 (2018) 136-143.

"Exceptional young researcher abroad" award, Greek Ministry of Education and Ministry of

National Defence 2013. (Φ.429.341/131/348646, Σ.1291 Αθήνα 23 Ιουλίου 2013)

"Exceptional young researcher abroad" award, Greek Ministry of Education and Ministry of

National Defence 2012. (Φ.429.341/33/241626, Σ.342 Αθήνα 14 Μαρτίου 2012)

Dean’s Fellowship, 2005-2009, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA.

Best presentation award for “Degradation mitigation in polymer electrolyte membranes using

free radical scavengers” in the durability section of ECS Honolulu meeting 2008.

Travel awards ECS Washington meeting 2007, ECS Honolulu meeting 2008, ECS Vienna

meeting 2009, ECS Las Vegas meeting 2010 and ECS Boston meeting 2011.

10. AFFILIATIONS (Μέλος Επιστημονικών Συλλόγων)

Member of the Electrochemical Society (ECS).

Member of the American Chemical Society (ACS).

Member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).

Member of the Environmental & Energy Management Research Unit, N.T.U.A., Greece.

11. CITED BY [Επιλεκτικές Ετεροαναφορές]

Aizenberg, J. et al. Advanced Functional Materials (2017) 1704559 [Harvard University]

Thomas, J.M. Nature Catalysis 1 (2018) 2 [University of Cambridge]

Barkholtz, H. M. and Liu, D.-J. Materials Horizons 4 (2017) 20-37 [Argonne National

Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory, USA]

Wang, Y.-J. et al. Chemical Reviews 115 (2015) 3433-3467 [National Research Council

Canada]

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Coms, F. D. et al. Macromolecules 42 (2009) 8943-8949 [General Motors Electrochemical

Energy Research Lab]

Shao-Horn, Y. et al. ACS Catalysis 5 (2015) 6021-6031 [Massachusetts Institute of Technology]

Fenton, J.M. Chemical Reviews 12 (2012) 6075-6103 [Florida Solar Energy Center, University

of Central Florida]

Symes, M.D., Cronin, L. et al. Journal of the American Chemical Society 136 (2014) 3304-3311

[University of Glasgow]

Sun, X. et al. Nano Energy 26 (2016) 241-247 [State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource

Engineering, Beijing, China]

Schüth, F. et al. Chemical Reviews 16 (2016) 14056–14119 [Department of Heterogeneous

Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Germany]

Hyett, G. et al. Dalton Transactions 46 (2017) 1975-1985 [University of Southampton,

University of Leeds, Christopher Ingold Laboratories]

Song, H. et al. Scientific Reports 7 (2017) 40574 [State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource

Engineering, Beijing, China]

Mayrhofer, K.J.J. et al. Nano Energy 29 (2016) 275-298 [Department of Interface Chemistry

and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Germany]

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12. ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΟΥ ΕΡΓΟΥ (ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜA) Οι ακόλουθες περιλήψεις είναι στην Αγγλική γλώσσα για να μην αλλοιωθεί το νόημα κατά τη μεταφορά τους στην Ελληνική γλώσσα σύμφωνα με το λεγόμενο ῝traduttore, traditore῝.

PEER-REVIEWED BOOK CHAPTERS (Κεφάλαια Βιβλίων):

1. P. Trogadas* and M.O. Coppens, Hierarchically structured Pt and non-Pt based electrocatalysts for

PEM fuel cells, In Handbook of Green Chemistry; Lapkin A., Anastas P. Eds.; RSC Publishing,

accepted manuscript.

Abstract. Hierarchical Pt / non-Pt alloy electrocatalysts demonstrate high activity, surface area and

stability, transforming them into attractive candidates for electrocatalysis in fuel cells. Oxygen reduction

reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity, as well as other electrochemical

properties of these hierarchical electrocatalysts supported on metal oxides or carbonaceous materials are

presented, along with a short review of their green synthesis methods.

2. P. Trogadas* and P. Strasser, Carbon, Carbon Hybrids and Composites in Polymer Electrolyte

Fuel Cells, In Nanocarbon-Inorganic Hybrids Next Generation Composites for Sustainable Energy

Applications; Eder D., Schlögl R. Eds.; Walther de Gruyter Publishing, 2014; p. 357-393.

Abstract. Carbon has unique characteristics that make it ideal material for use in a wide variety of

applications ranging from metal refining to electrocatalysis and fuel cells. In Polymer Electrolyte Fuel

Cells (PEFCs), carbon is used as a gas diffusion layer, electrocatalyst support and oxygen reduction

reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst. When used as electrocatalyst support, amorphous carbonaceous support

materials suffer from enhanced oxidation rates at high potentials over time. This drawback has prompted

an extensive effort to improve the properties of amorphous carbon and to identify alternate carbon-based

materials to replace carbon blacks. Alternate support materials are classified in carbon nanotubes and

fibers, mesoporous carbon and graphene. A comparative review of all these supports is provided. Work on

catalytically active carbon hybrids is focused on the development of precious group metal (PGM)-free

electrocatalysts that will significantly reduce the cost without sacrificing catalytic activity. Of the newer

electrocatalysts, nitrogen/metal-functionalized carbons and composites are emerging as possible

contenders for commercial PEFCs. Nitrogen-doped carbon hybrids with transition metals and their

polymer composites exhibit high ORR activity and selectivity and these catalytic properties are presented

in detail in this chapter.

3. P. Trogadas* and T. Fuller, Membrane Degradation Mechanisms in PEMFC, In Polymer

Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Science, Applications and Challenges; Franco A.A. Ed.; CRC Press, 2013;

p. 401-427.

Abstract. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) technology is currently based on perfluorosulfonic acid

polymer membranes operating at a typical temperature of 80oC. Due to their high cost, alternative

membrane materials are also under investigation and can be classified into three groups: modified Nafion®

membranes, functionalized non-fluorinated membranes, and acid-base composite membranes. Membranes

based on functionalized non-fluorinated backbones are potentially promising for high-temperature

operation. High conductivities have been obtained at temperatures up to 180oC. In addition to high proton

conductivity, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) durability is also required for successful PEFC

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operation. Several studies on PEFC durability have shown that components of the central membrane

electrode assembly (MEA), especially the central PEM, deteriorate during long-term operation. PEM

degradation modes can be classified as thermal (desulfonation, solvolysis), mechanical (pin-hole and

crack formation), and chemical (free radical induced oxidative degradation); key aspects of PEM

durability including degradation modes will be discussed in the following sections.

4. P. Trogadas and T. Fuller, Degradation and Durability Testing, In Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology (PEMFCs and DMFCs); Hartnig C., Roth C. Eds.;

Woodhead Publishing, 2012; p. 194-219

Abstract. The durability of fuel cell components constitutes a major barrier towards their financial

viability. Lifetime requirements include 5000 and 40 000 h for automotive and stationary applications

respectively, and thus it is impractical to evaluate fuel cell components’ lifetime using prolonged time

periods. Accelerated durability testing protocols for fuel cell components (proton exchange membrane,

electrocatalyst and supports) have been developed to obtain cell component lifetimes in shorter

experimental time and are discussed in detail, along with fuel/air impurities testing protocols.

5. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V. Ramani, Degradation Mitigation in PEM Fuel Cells Using Metal

Nanoparticle and Metal Oxide Additives, In Functional Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy

Storage and Conversion, ACS Books, 2010; p. 187-207

Abstract. The efficacy of added metal oxides and metal nanoparticles in mitigating free radical induced

polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) degradation was investigated. Freestanding and silica supported

platinum, palladium, silver and gold nanoparticles, cerium oxide and manganese oxide supports, and ceria

supported platinum nanoparticles were prepared. The nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and XRD

to determine the particle and crystallite size. Their radical scavenging tendency was estimated by UV-vis

spectroscopy using a model free radical (DPPH) as a test species. Composite membranes were prepared

by adding 3 wt% of the freestanding or supported metal nanoparticles to Nafion®

, followed by solvent

casting. The fluoride emission rate (FER) was ascertained for each membrane from accelerated tests. The

addition of Au, Pd, Pt and Ag nanoparticles led to lowering of FER by an order of magnitude, 75%, 60%

and 35% respectively while the addition of MnO2, CeO2 and Pt on CeO2 nanoparticles resulted in an order

of magnitude FER reduction, indicating effective radical scavenging by the nanoparticles. Hence, the

addition of metal nanoparticles and metal oxides with radical scavenging abilities is a promising route to

mitigate PEM degradation.

6. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Composite membranes for PEMFC, Encyclopedia of Electrochemical

Power Sources, Elsevier, 2009; p. 716-723.

Abstract. Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be a promising technology

for clean and efficient power generation in the twenty-first century. Current PEMFC technology is based

on expensive perflourinated proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) that operate effectively only under fully

hydrated conditions. There is considerable application-driven interest in lowering the membrane cost and

extending the operating window of PEMs. A number of possible alternative candidates are reviewed and

presented in this chapter. The alternative PEMs are classified into three categories: (1) modified Nafion®

composite membranes; (2) functionalized nonfluorinated membranes and composite membranes therein;

and (3) acid-base composite membranes. Several commonly used inorganic additives are reviewed in the

context of composite membranes.

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7. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Membrane and MEA Development in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells,

In Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells; Zaidi, S.M.J.; Matsuura, T. Eds.; Springer, 2008; p. 253-

281

Abstract. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is based on Nafion® polymer membranes operating at

a temperature of 80°C. The main characteristics (structure and properties) and problems of Nafion®-based

PEFC technology are discussed. The primary drawbacks of Nafion membranes are poor conductivity at

low relative humidities (and consequently at temperatures >100°C and ambient pressure) and large

crossover of methanol in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. These drawbacks have prompted

an extensive effort to improve the properties of Nafion® and identify alternate materials to replace

Nafion®. Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) are classified in modified Nafion

®, membranes based on

functionalized non-fluorinated backbones and acid-base polymer systems. Perhaps the most widely

employed approach is the addition of inorganic additives to Nafion® membranes to yield

organic/inorganic composite membranes. Four major types of inorganic additives that have been studied

(zirconium phosphates, heteropolyacids, metal hydrogen sulfates, and metal oxides) are reviewed in the

following. DMFC and H2/O2 (air) cells based on modified Nafion® membranes have been successfully

operated at temperatures up to 120°C under ambient pressure and up to 150°C under 3-5 atm. Membranes

based on functionalized non-fluorinated backbones are potentially promising for high-temperature

operation. High conductivities have been obtained at temperatures up to 180°C. The final category of

polymeric PEMs comprises non-functionalized polymers with basic character doped with proton-

conducting acids such as phosphoric acid. The advanced features include high CO tolerance and thermal

management. The advances made in the fabrication of electrodes for PEM fuel cells from the PTFE-bound

catalyst layers of almost 20 years ago to the present technology are briefly discussed. There are two

widely employed electrode designs: (1) PTFE-bound, and (2) thin-film electrodes. Emerging methods

include those featuring catalyst layers formed with electrodeposition and vacuum deposition (sputtering).

The thin-film electrodes have significantly increased performance and reduced the level of platinum

loading required. Thin sputtered layers have shown promise for low catalyst loading with adequate

performance. Electrodeposition methods are briefly discussed. Finally, the relationship between MEA

processing and the durability of the membrane/electrode interface and hence the fuel cell as a whole is

presented.

PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL PAPERS (Επιστημονικά Περιοδικά):

8. P. Trogadas, J.I.S Cho, T.P. Neville, J. Marquis, B. Wu, D. Brett, and M.O. Coppens, A Lung-

Inspired Approach to Scalable and Robust Fuel Cell Design Energy & Environmental Science 11

(2018) 136-143 (Top 2% rank by senior reviewers; Front cover; άρθρο της χρονιάς 2018).

Abstract. A lung-inspired approach is employed to overcome reactant homogeneity issues in polymer

electrolyte fuel cells. The fractal geometry of the lung is used as the model to design flow-fields of

different branching generations, resulting in uniform reactant distribution across the electrodes and

minimum entropy production of the whole system. 3D printed, lung-inspired flow field based PEFCs with

N = 4 generations outperform the conventional serpentine flow field designs at 50% and 75% RH,

exhibiting a B20% and B30% increase in performance (at current densities higher than 0.8 A cm-2

) and

maximum power density, respectively. In terms of pressure drop, fractal flow-fields with N = 3 and 4

generations demonstrate ~75% and ~50% lower values than conventional serpentine flow-field design for

all RH tested, reducing the power requirements for pressurization and recirculation of the reactants. The

positive effect of uniform reactant distribution is pronounced under extended current-hold measurements,

where lung-inspired flow field based PEFCs with N = 4 generations exhibit the lowest voltage decay (~ 5

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mV h-1

). The enhanced fuel cell performance and low pressure drop values of fractal flow field design are

preserved at large scale (25 cm2), in which the excessive pressure drop of a large-scale serpentine flow

field renders its use prohibitive.

9. A.S. Perera, P. Trogadas, M.M. Nigra, H. Yu and M.O. Coppens, Optimization of Catalytic

Activity of Mesoporous Titanosilicates via Statistically Guided Synthesis Journal of Materials

Science 53 (2018) 7279-7293.

Abstract. An efficient approach to improve the catalytic activity of titanosilicates is introduced. The

Doehlert matrix (DM) statistical model was utilized to probe the synthetic parameters of mesoporous

titanosilicate microspheres (MTSM), in order to increase their catalytic activity with minimal number of

experiments. Thirteen different MTSM samples were synthesized in two sequential ‘matrices’ according

to Doehlert conditions, and were used to catalyze the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert-

butylhydroperoxide (TBHP). Successively, the samples (and the corresponding synthesis conditions) with

superior catalytic activity in terms of product yield and selectivity were identified. In addition, this

approach revealed the limiting values of each synthesis condition, beyond which the material becomes

catalytically ineffective. This study demonstrates that the DM approach can be broadly used as a powerful

and time-efficient tool for the investigation of optimal synthesis conditions of heterogeneous catalysts.

10. P. Trogadas*, V. Ramani, P. Strasser, T.F. Fuller, and M.O. Coppens, Hierarchically Structured

Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. 55 (2016)

122-148.

Abstract. Hierarchical nanomaterials are highly suitable as electrocatalysts and electrocatalyst supports in

electrochemical energy conversion devices. The intrinsic kinetics of an electrocatalyst are associated with

the nanostructure of the active phase and the support, while the overall properties are also affected by the

mesostructure. Therefore, both structures need to be controlled. A comparative state-of-the-art review of

catalysts and supports is provided along with detailed synthesis methods. To further improve the design of

these hierarchical nanomaterials, in-depth research on the effect of materials architecture on reaction and

transport kinetics is necessary. Inspiration can be derived from nature, which is full of very effective

hierarchical structures. Developing fundamental understanding of how desired properties of biological

systems are related to their hierarchical architecture can guide the development of novel catalytic

nanomaterials and nature-inspired electrochemical devices.

11. P. Trogadas, M.M. Nigra, and M.O. Coppens, Nature-inspired optimization of hierarchical porous

media for catalytic and separation processes New J. Chem. 40 (2016) 4016-4026 (invited article;

themed issue dedicated to François Fajula).

Abstract. Hierarchical materials combining pore sizes of different length scales are highly important for

catalysis and separation processes, where optimization of adsorption and transport properties is required.

Nature can be an excellent guide to rational design, as it is full of hierarchical structures that are

intrinsically scaling, efficient and robust. However, much of the “inspiration” from nature is, at present,

empirical; considering the huge design space, we advocate a methodical, fundamental approach based on

mechanistic features.

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12. P. Trogadas, O.O. Taiwo, B. Tjaden, T.P. Neville, S. Yun, J. Parrondo, V. Ramani, M.O. Coppens,

D.J.L. Brett, and P.R. Shearing X-Ray Micro-Tomography As a Diagnostic Tool for The Electrode

Degradation in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries, Electrochemistry Communications 48 (2014)

155-159.

Abstract. Micro-tomography (CT) can be successfully employed to characterize ex situ the structural

changes occurring in graphite felt electrodes during vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) operation.

Coupled high resolution X-ray and electron microscopy in conjunction with XPS are used to elucidate the

microstructural and chemical changes to the high voltage RFB carbon electrode. The results reveal the

onset

of corrosion of the carbon felt structure relatively early in the VRFB life-cycle, extended operation is

expected to result in extensive microstructural evolution effects.

13. P. Trogadas*, T.F. Fuller and P. Strasser, Carbon as Catalyst and Support for Electrochemical

Energy Conversion, Carbon 75 (2014) 5-42 (cited as “hot” article; ~ 118 citations thus far).

Abstract. Carbon has unique characteristics that make it an ideal material for use in a wide variety of

electrochemical applications ranging from metal refining to electrocatalysis and fuel cells. In polymer

electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), carbon is used as a gas diffusion layer, electrocatalyst support and oxygen

reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst. When used as electrocatalyst support, amorphous carbonaceous

materials suffer from enhanced oxidation rates at high potentials over time. This drawback has prompted

an

extensive effort to improve the properties of amorphous carbon and to identify alternate carbon-based

materials to replace carbon blacks. Alternate support materials are classified in carbon nanotubes and

fibers, mesoporous carbon, multi-layer graphene (undoped and doped with metal nanoparticles) and

reduced graphene oxide. A comparative review of all these supports is provided. Work on catalytically

active carbon hybrids is focused on the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts that will

significantly reduce the cost without sacrificing catalytic activity. Of the newer electrocatalysts,

nitrogen/metal-functionalized carbons and composites are emerging as possible contenders for

commercial PEFCs. Nitrogen-doped carbon hybrids with transition metals and their polymer composites

exhibit high ORR activity and selectivity and these catalytic properties are presented in detail in this

review.

14. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V. Ramani, CeO2 Surface Oxygen Vacancy Concentration Governs

in Situ Free Radical Scavenging Efficacy in Polymer Electrolytes, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4

(2012) 5098-5102 (cited as “hot” article).

Abstract. Nonstoichiometric CeO2 and Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 nanoparticles with varying surface concentrations of

Ce3+

were synthesized. Their surface Ce3+

concentration was measured by XPS, and their surface oxygen

vacancy concentrations and grain size were estimated using Raman spectroscopy. The surface oxygen

vacancy concentration was found to correlate well with grain size and surface Ce3+

concentration. When

incorporated into a Nafion polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), the added nonstoichiometric ceria

nanoparticles effectively scavenged PEM-degradation-inducing free radical reactive oxygen species

(ROS) formed during fuel cell operation. A 3-fold increase in the surface oxygen vacancy concentration

resulted in an order of magnitude enhancement in the efficacy of free radical ROS scavenging by the

nanoparticles. Overall, the macroscopic PEM degradation mitigation rate was lowered by up to 2 orders of

magnitude using nonstoichiometric ceria nanoparticles with high surface oxygen vacancy concentrations.

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15. P. Trogadas*, E. Pinot and T.F. Fuller, Composite Solvent Casted Nafion Membranes for

Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries, Electrochemical Solid-State Letters 15 (2011) A5-A8.

Abstract. The efficacy of metal oxide particles in mitigating vanadium ions crossover was investigated. 3

wt % SiO2 was incorporated within recast Nafion membrane from which membrane electrode assemblies

were prepared by painting. The composite membranes exhibited proton conductivities slightly lower

(∼54–55 mS cm-1

) than Nafion. However, the permeability of vanadium ions was lowered by 80–85%,

while the performance was improved. These results demonstrated that loadings of SiO2 much lower than

previously reported can mitigate vanadium-ion crossover. Additionally, the direct application of the

catalyst on the membrane was shown to be a viable MEA synthesis option.

16. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo, F. Mijangos and V. Ramani, Degradation Mitigation in PEM Fuel Cells

Using Metal Nanoparticle Additives, J. Materials Chemistry 21 (2011) 19381-19388. (cited as

“hot” article).

Abstract. The efficacy of added freestanding and silica-supported metal (Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au)

nanoparticles in mitigating polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) degradation in an operating fuel cell

was investigated. The metal nanoparticles to be added were chosen based on their ability to scavenge free

radicals, as confirmed through ex situ measurements using a model free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-

picrylhydrazyl as a test species. Composite membranes were prepared by adding 3 wt% of the

freestanding or supported metal nanoparticles to Nafion®. Membrane electrode assemblies prepared using

these membranes were subjected to accelerated degradation tests to determine the fluoride emission rate

(FER), a key measure of the macroscopic rate of PEM degradation in an operating fuel cell. The results

were as follows: the addition of Ag, Pt, Pd and Au freestanding nanoparticles lowered FER by 35%, 60%,

80% and 90%, respectively, when compared with the recast Nafion®

membrane (control). In the case of

silica-supported nanoparticles, more modest reductions were achieved: 40% and 60% in the case of Au on

SiO2 and Pd on SiO2, respectively. Ag or Pt on SiO2 resulted in similar FER values as the control. These

results suggest that the addition of selected metal nanoparticles with radical scavenging abilities is a

promising approach to mitigate PEM degradation in an operating fuel cell.

17. P. Trogadas, J. Parrondo and V. Ramani, Platinum supported on CeO2 effectively scavenges free

radicals within the electrolyte of an operating fuel cell, Chemical Communications 47 (2011)

11549-11551 (cited as “hot” article).

Abstract. CeO2, Pt/CeO2 and MnO2 additives were found to lower the rate of free radical induced

polymer electrolyte membrane degradation in an operating fuel cell by over one order of magnitude.


Membranes Using Cerium Oxide as a Regenerative Free-Radical Scavenger Electrochemical

Solid-State Letters 11 (2008) B113-B116 (cited as “hot” article).

Abstract. The efficacy of Formula nanoparticles in mitigating free-radical-induced polymer electrolyte

membrane (PEM) degradation is investigated. Commercially obtained Formula and nanoparticles

synthesized in-house were incorporated within a recast Nafion® membrane. Membrane electrode

assemblies were prepared using Nafion®

and Formula composite membranes (0.5, 1, and 3wt% CeO2).

The composite membranes exhibited very similar proton conductivities Formula and hydrogen crossover

Formula as Nafion®. However, the fluoride emission rate (from accelerated tests) was lowered by more

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than 1 order of magnitude upon addition of Formula into the Nafion® membrane, suggesting that Formula

nanoparticles have tremendous potential to greatly enhance membrane durability.

19. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Pt/C-WO3 Electrocatalysts for Degradation Mitigation in Polymer

Electrolyte Fuel Cells J. Electrochemical Society 155 (2008) B696-B703.

Abstract. Carbon-tungsten oxide (C-WO3) and platinum/carbon-tungsten oxide (Pt∕C-WO3) catalysts

were prepared by chemical methods. The WO3 loading in the catalyst was 15wt%. C-WO3 catalysts

produced ∼60% less hydrogen peroxide than baseline C and Pt∕C-WO3 electrocatalysts produced ∼30%

less hydrogen peroxide formation than baseline Pt∕C . Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were

prepared using Pt∕C and Pt∕C-WO3 electrocatalysts and subjected to accelerated durability tests at 90°C

and 30% relative humidity (RH) at open circuit with hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant. The fluoride

emission rate (in μmol F-/h-cm

2) over 24h was found to be reduced by ∼70% at the anode and ∼60% at

the cathode condensate when Pt∕C-WO3 replaced Pt∕C in the electrode. Fuel cell polarization data was

obtained using Pt∕C and Pt∕C-WO3 in the cathode at 80°C and 75, 50, and 25% RH, with air and oxygen as

oxidants and hydrogen as fuel. For all the test conditions, the performance of MEAs with Pt∕C-WO3 was

found to be lower than that of MEAs with Pt∕C. Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

experiments and polarization data analysis, the lower performance was attributed to (i) lower catalytic

activity, and (ii) higher ionic and transport resistances in the electrodes.

20. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Pt/C/MnO2 hybrid electrocatalysts for degradation mitigation in

polymer electrolyte fuel cells J. Power Sources 174 (2007) 159-163.

Abstract. Pt/C/MnO2 hybrid catalysts were prepared by a wet chemical method. Pt/C electrocatalysts

were treated with manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4·H2O) and sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) to

produce MnO2. The presence of MnO2 was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Rotating ring-disk electrode

(RRDE) experiments were performed on electrodes prepared using the hybrid electrocatalysts to estimate

the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formed during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as a

function of MnO2 content. Pt/C/MnO2 (5% by weight of MnO2) hybrid electrocatalysts produced 50% less

hydrogen peroxide than the baseline Pt/C electrocatalyst. The hybrid electrocatalysts were used to prepare

membrane electrode assemblies that were tested at 90 °C and 50% RH at open circuit with pure hydrogen

as fuel and air as the oxidant. The fluoride ion concentration was measured using an ion selective

electrode. The concentration of F- in the anode condensate over 24 h was found to be reduced by a factor

of 3-4 when Pt/C/MnO2 replaced Pt/C as the catalyst. Through cyclic voltammetry and RRDE kinetic

studies, the lower ORR activity of the acid treated hybrid electrocatalysts was attributed to catalyst

treatment with acid during MnO2 introduction. The activity of the hybrid catalyst was improved by

switching to a water-based synthesis.

PEER-REVIEWED TRANSACTIONS PUBLICATIONS

(Επιστημονικά Περιοδικά Διεθνών Συνεδρίων):

21. E.L. Redmond, P. Trogadas, F.M. Alamgir, and T.F. Fuller, The effect of platinum oxide growth

on platinum stability in PEMFCs, ECS Transactions 50 (2012) 1369.

Abstract. In this study electrochemical and XAS techniques are combined to monitor in situ oxide growth

at long potential holds. The value of the potential has a greater effect than the length of the potential hold

for large time scales. Evidence suggests that PtO2 is the dominant oxide phase under the experimental

conditions.

Panagiotis Trogadas Senior Researcher & Teaching Fellow in Chemical Engineering

University College London, Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Centre for Nature Inspired Eng.

Torrington Place London UK WC1E 7JE Mobile: +44 (0)776 891 5255


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22. P. Trogadas and T.F. Fuller, The Effect of Uniform Particle Size Distribution on Pt Stability, ECS


Abstract. The present study aims to address the effect of the uniformity of particle size distribution on Pt

stability. A theoretical model based on the chemical reactions of Pt oxidation and precipitation in the

membrane is presented. The incorporation of a particle size distribution function and a population balance

allows the investigation of different initial particle size distributions. Initial results demonstrate the change

of platinum ions concentration across the electrode and membrane and reveal the shift of particle size

distribution towards larger diameters under potential hold and potential cycling simulations.

23. P. Trogadas and T.F. Fuller, Role of Particle Size Distribution on Pt stability, ECS Transactions 33

(2010) 115.

Abstract. This work aims to address the role of particle size distribution on Pt stability. A theoretical

model is built based on modified Butler-Volmer equations, platinum oxide surface coverage and

interparticle interactions between platinum oxide particles. Preliminary results demonstrate the change in

platinum ions concentration across the electrode and membrane and reveal the effect of potential cycling

on the particlesize. Further research on the effect of particle size and potential cycling on

electrochemically active surface area and its comparison with experimental data is in progress.

24. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, In Situ Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in PEM Fuel Cells, ECS


Abstract. Preliminary results are presented in this study concerning i) the ex-situ identification of reactive

oxygen species (ROS) within a model Fe+2

/H2O2 solution using fluorescence spectroscopy; and ii) the

effectof cerium oxide particle size on its radical scavenging properties and hence on the fluoride emission

rate (FER) of composite Nafion® / CeO2 membranes. On the degradation diagnostics front, it is

demonstrated that fluorescence fiber-optic measurements can sense the ex-situ formation of hydroperoxyl

(HOO*) radicals in a Fe+2

/H2O2 solution through a decrease in the fluorescence intensity in the presence

of the radicals. Work to extend these studies for hydroxyl radicals and to achieve in-situ estimation is

ongoing. On the degradation mitigation front, it is seen that lowering the CeO2 particle size leads further

reduces the FER from composite membranes by 30-50%.

25. Angelis-Dimakis, P. Trogadas, G. Arampatzis and D. Assimacopoulos, Cost Effectiveness

Analysis for Renewable Energy Sources Integration in the Island of Lemnos, Greece iEMSs 2008:

International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software 2 (2008) 1215.

Abstract. The development of more efficient and least cost energy management interventions is of great

importance for isolated energy systems. Islands are typical examples of isolated regions, often highly

dependent on imported fossil fuels but with a significant and often unexploited Renewable Energy (RE)

potential. This paper presents a least cost planning approach towards the integration of Renewable Energy

Sources (RES) in such systems, which is applied to the island of Lemnos, Greece. The approach involves

the application of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) and Incremental Cost Analysis (ICA) for screening

possible alternatives and determining the most economically efficient and effective plan for their

implementation. The objective of the application of the proposed approach in the specific case study is

tomeet through the use of RE technologies all the additional electricity and thermal energy demand,

compared to 2007. Various supply side options are evaluated, and an implementation plan is derived. The

Panagiotis Trogadas





Mobile: +44-744-65-24-754


21

results indicate that the excess of both electricity and thermal energy demand can be met in the near future

without any significant changes in existing infrastructure, while other options should be considered for a

more extended time horizon.


Membranes using Free Radical Scavengers, ECS Transactions 16 (2008) 1725.

Abstract. The efficacy of CeO2 nanoparticles in mitigating free radical induced PEM degradation is

investigated. Commercially obtained CeO2 and nanoparticles synthesized in-house were incorporated

within a recast Nafion® membrane. MEAs were prepared using Nafion

® and Nafion

®-CeO2 composite

membranes (0.5wt%, 1wt%, and 3wt% CeO2). The composite membranes exhibited very similar proton

conductivities (~35mS/cm) and hydrogen crossover (~1 mA/cm2) as Nafion

®. However, the fluoride

emission rate (estimated from accelerated tests) was lowered by more than one order of magnitude upon

addition of CeO2 into the Nafion® membrane, suggesting that CeO2 nanoparticles have potential to

enhance membrane durability.

27. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, Hybrid Catalysts for Degradation Mitigation in PEFCs, ECS


Abstract. Carbon-tungsten oxide (C/WO3), Carbon-phosphotungstic acid (C/PTA) and Platinum/Carbon-

PTA (Pt/C-PTA) hybrid catalysts were prepared by wet chemical methods. Rotating ring-disk electrode

(RRDE) experiments were performed using these materials to estimate the amount of hydrogen peroxide

(H2O2) formed during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). C-WO3 15 wt% and C-PTA hybrid catalysts

produced 30-40% less hydrogen peroxide than C and Pt/C-PTA had 20-30% less peroxide production than

the baseline Pt/C electrocatalyst. The hybrid catalysts were used to prepare membrane electrode

assembliesthat were tested at 90oC and 30% RH at open circuit with pure hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as

the oxidant. The concentration of F- in the anode condensate over 24 hours was found to be reduced by a

factor of 50-60% when C-WO3 15wt% and C-PTA replaced C as the catalyst.

28. P. Trogadas and V. Ramani Hybrid Catalysts for Degradation Mitigation in PEFCs, ECS


Abstract. Pt/C/MnO2 hybrid catalysts were prepared by a wet chemical method. Rotating ring-disk

electrode (RRDE) experiments were performed to estimate the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

formed during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as a function of MnO2 content. Pt/C/MnO2 (5% by

weight of MnO2) hybrid electrocatalysts produced 50% less hydrogen peroxide than the baseline Pt/C

electrocatalyst. The hybrid electrocatalysts were used to prepare membrane electrode assemblies that were

tested at 90oC and 50% RH at open circuit with pure hydrogen as fuel and air as the oxidant. The

concentration of F- in the anode condensate over 24 hours was found to be reduced by a factor of 3-4

when Pt/C/MnO2 replaced Pt/C as the catalyst. Through cyclic voltammetry and RRDE kinetic studies, the

lower ORR activity of the hybrid electrocatalysts was attributed to catalyst treatment with acid during

MnO2 introduction.

Panagiotis Trogadas





Mobile: +44-744-65-24-754


Panagiotis Trogadas





Mobile: +44-744-65-24-754


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