1 . , . , . . , , . , . . .. . , , .

1 :dQ = dU + dW 1, , . H w = +20 kJ q = +50 kJ. . U = q + w = +50 kJ + 20 kJ = +70 kJ 70 kJ.

, - 1 , = . = / , = = = . 1 2, , = 0. 2 . . = 1 atm, . :

, = 0. 2 . (, .) . = 0 :

, = 0. , . , = = = / . ( = 1/ ) 2. . :

, , = 0 . 1 :

, , = 0. . . , ( ), . " " . = 1. ( > 1) 2. :

.

= 0 1 : = .

2 ( )

, . : ? Q=W (=). .

1 2 (1 > 2) , , (), 1 2 (1 > > 2) ( , )H Q

, ( ), . ' C (), . , ,