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5

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#

E

F

2

C

D

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#

:1. 2.

3. 4. A C

B E

5. A D B E

3

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# :

:

,

4

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# :

1. ()

2.

3.

4. A C B E () C

5. A D B EO D ,

()5

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# 802.11 .

( )

, , .

(collision windows) CWmin=32 CWmax=1024

,

;

1 ; 6

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# H

( slot

RTS ) [0, 31]

20

, (=64).

,

[0, 63]

34

7

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# :

1=1/32

:2= (1/32)

.(1/64)

8

DATA ACKSIFS

DIF

S

(backoff)

RTS

RTS

IF

S

IFS

RTS CTSSIFS

SIF

S

DATARTS

RTS

IF

S

IFS

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#

scatternets;

scatternets.

;

9

a

b

e

d

cf

P1

P2a

b

e

d

cf

P3

: master, : bridge, : slave

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#

scatternets:

scatternet

(control data)

(hops)

( )

( master bridge slave)

piconets ()

( )

10

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#

:

( frequency hop patterns)

P1 P2

a

b

e

d

c

fP1

P2

f c c

:

, (piconets, hops, , master 2 masters & 1bridge) 11

a

b

e

d

c

fP3

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#

adhoc (

DSRS E

F

Z

Y

12

A

H

J

D

C

G

I

K

RREQ S D

()

M

N

L

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# DSR

:

RREQ

, RREQ

DSR

13

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#

B

S E

F

C

Z

Y(broadcast)

M L

[S]

14

A

H

J

D

G

I

K

RREQ

N

[X,Y] RREQ

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#

B

S E

F

C

Z

Y

M L

[S,E]

[S,B]

15

A

H

J

D

G

I

K

H RREQ :

N

[S,C]

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#

B

S E

F

C

Z

Y

M L

[S,E,F]

16

A

H

J

D

G

I

K

C RREQ G H, ,

N[S,C,G]

, ,

[S,B,H]

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#

B

S E

F

C

Z

Y

M L

[S,E,F,J]

17

A

H

J

D

G

I

K

J K RREQ D

D

N[S,C,G,K]

[S,B,H,I]

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#

B

S E

F

C

Z

Y

M L

[S,E,F,J,M]

18

A

H

J

D

G

I

K

D RREQ

N

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#

B

S E

F

C

Z

Y

M L

RREP [S,E,F,J,D]

19

A

H

J

D

G

I

K

N

RREP

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#

RREQ :

RREQ (flooding) ( slide 18).

TTL RREQ

(loops), RREQ : N sequence number (SN) ,

RREQ SN

. 20

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&

DSR

, RREP [S,E,F,J,D]

F [F,J,D]D[F,E,S]S

FD,

: (caches)

21

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#

/

22

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# (hardware)

(modulation)

MAC (.. ZigBee, SMAC)

energyaware rout ng

.. )

(multihop)

(processing/filtering)

()

(spatialtemporal redundancy) 23

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# (supermarket)

tablet PCs RFID.

, RFID (tag).

4 supermarket ( ) .

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# (

/ )

checkout) ,

(..

, ) ,

. 25

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#

/marketing .

), stock .

26

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#

.

;

;

27

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#

/

,

..

28

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#

/

(.. , ) .

/

(, ;)

.

security / .

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#

(..

)

GPS

GSM/3G SIM .

(

.

30

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#

.

.

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#

;

Online banking

Flashbased tetris high scores

Web

Car navigator online traffic

data

(standalone)

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# 1:

(distributed presentationarchitecture)

thinclient (. . 56 Coulouris et al .

,

.

: 11 Window System Unix, Remote Desktop Protocol

Microsoft 33

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# 2:

(remote presentation architecture)

t n c ent

: online transaction, Web

Web browsers

34

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# 3:

(distributed function

architecture)

(application logic)

.

(.. )

: Java applets

35

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# 4:

(remote data architecture)

O fatclient

PC

.

: (DB2, Oracle,

Informix, ..) client/server

.

(Decision Support System)

,

. 36

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# 5:

(distributed data architecture)

fatclient (cache)

: (.. NFS)

37

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#

Online banking

Flash-based tetris

highscores

Web

Car navigator online trafficdata

(standalone)

38

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# 3

(instructions) (3J) 1Kbit

100m. () 100Kbyte 100m , 60 10.000 1Kbit .

,

; ,

.

. 39

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#

( ) ; .

40

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#

:

(60,000/3) x 3 = 60,000 ,

(100 x 8) x 3 = 2400 J

10,000 x 3 = 30,000 J . , 32,400

, .

41

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#

( )

(responsiveness) .

(. )

( )

. 42

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43/45

#

URL .

.

43

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#

10 KHz

. 4 bits , :

()

;()

(S/R ratio)

; .

44

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#

() R Nyquist: =22, M

. 4 bits,

log2=4, R=2*10*4=80 Kbps.

() Shannon, C =2(1+/).

C=R=Wlog2(1+S/N) => log2(1+S/N)=R/W=8=>1+S/N=256 => S/N=255 (24,06 dB).

45