03 - Load Flow and Panel

75
Load Flow Analy sis ETAP Workshop No tes © 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc.

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Transcript of 03 - Load Flow and Panel

  • Load Flow Analysis

    ETAP Workshop Notes 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc.

  • System ConceptsSystem Concepts

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 2

  • IVS = *Power in Balanced 3-Phase S t

    IV

    SS

    IVS LN=

    =

    *

    13

    1

    3

    3

    Systems

    jQPIV LL

    +== 3

    L i P F t L di P F t

    Inductive loads have lagging Power Factors. Capacitive loads have leading Power Factors.

    C t d V ltLagging Power Factor Leading Power Factor Current and Voltage

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 3

  • Leading & Lagging Power F t

    ETAP displays lagging Power Factors as positive and leading Power Factors as negative The Power Factor is displayed in percent

    Factors

    Leading Lagging

    as negative. The Power Factor is displayed in percent.

    Leading Power Factor

    Lagging Power Factor j QP+ P - jQ P + jQ

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 4

  • 3-Phase Per Unit System

    B

    BB kV3

    kVAI =

    ==

    S

    ZI3V

    VI3S If you have two bases:Then you may calculate the other two by using the relationships enclosed in b k t Th diff t b

    B

    2B

    B MVA)kV(Z =

    =

    2B

    B

    BB

    VZ

    V3SI

    brackets. The different bases are:

    IB (Base Current)

    ZB (Base Impedance)B

    t lI t lV

    =B

    BB S

    ZVB (Base Voltage)

    SB (Base Power)

    ETAP selects for LF:

    B

    actualpu

    ZI

    II =B

    actualpu

    SV

    VV = se ects o100 MVA for SB which is fixed for the entire system.

    The kV rating of reference point is

    B

    actualpu Z

    ZZ =B

    actualpu S

    SS = g pused along with the transformer turnratios are applied to determine the base voltage for different parts of the system.

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 5

    y

  • Example 1: The diagram shows a simple radial system. ETAP converts the branch impedance values to the correct base for Load Flow calculations. The LF reports show the branch impedance values in percent. The transformer turn ratio (N1/N2) is 3.31

    d th X/R 12 14and the X/R = 12.14

    Transformer Turn Ratio: The transformer turn ratio is used by ETAP to determine the base voltage for different parts of the system. Different turn ratios are applied starting f th tilit kV tifrom the utility kV rating.

    To determine base voltage use:1BkV

    2B

    1B kV2N

    1NkV =2BkV

    XZ

    Transformer T7: The following equations are used to find the impedance of transformer T7 in 100 MVA base.

    2

    pu

    pu

    RX1

    RZ

    X

    +

    =

    =RX

    xR pupu

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 6

    R R

  • )1412(0650 06478006478.0)14.12(1)14.12(065.0X2pu=+= 005336.014.12

    06478.0R pu ==

    The transformer impedance must be converted to 100 MVA base and therefore the following relation must be used, where n stands for new and o stands for old.

    )3538.1j1115.0(1008.13)06478.0j1033.5(SVZZ2

    3nB

    2oBon +=+=

    = )3538.1j1115.0(

    55.13)06478.0j1033.5(

    SVZZ o

    BnB

    pupu ++

    38.135j15.11Z100Z% pu +==Impedance Z1: The base voltage is determined by using the transformer turn ratio. The base impedance for Z1 is determined using the base voltage at Bus5 and the MVA base.

    0695.431.35.13

    2N1N

    kVV utilityB ==

    = 165608.0100)0695.4(

    MVAVZ

    22B

    B ===

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 7

    2N

  • The per-unit value of the impedance may be determined as soon as the base

    )1j10(Z +

    impedance is known. The per-unit value is multiplied by one hundred to obtain the percent impedance. This value will be the value displayed on the LF report.

    8603j3860Z100Z%

    )0382.6j6038.0(1656.0

    )1j1.0(Z

    ZZB

    actualpu +=+==

    8.603j38.60Z100Z% pu +==The LF report generated by ETAP displays the following percent impedance values in 100 MVA base

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 8

  • Load Flow AnalysisLoad Flow Analysis

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 9

  • Load Flow Problem Given

    Load Power Consumption at all busesp

    Configuration

    Power Production at each generatorPower Production at each generator

    B i R i t Basic Requirement Power Flow in each line and transformer

    Voltage Magnitude and Phase Angle at each bus

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 10

  • Load Flow Studies Determine Steady State Operating Conditions

    Voltage Profile Power Flows Current Flows Power Factors Transformer LTC Settings Voltage Drops Generators Mvar Demand (Qmax & Qmin) Total Generation & Power Demand Steady State Stability Limits

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 11

    MW & Mvar Losses

  • Size & Determine System E i t & P tEquipment & Parameters Cable / Feeder Capacity Capacitor Size Transformer MVA & kV Ratings (Turn Ratios)g ( ) Transformer Impedance & Tap Setting Current Limiting Reactor Rating & ImpCurrent Limiting Reactor Rating & Imp. MCC & Switchgear Current Ratings

    G t O ti M d (I h / D ) Generator Operating Mode (Isochronous / Droop) Generators Mvar Demand

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 12

    Transmission, Distribution & Utilization kV

  • Optimize Operating C ditiConditions Bus Voltages are Within Acceptable Limitsg p

    Voltages are Within Rated Insulation Limits f E i tof Equipment

    Power & Current Flows Do Not Exceed the Power & Current Flows Do Not Exceed the Maximum Ratings

    System MW & Mvar Losses are Determined

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 13

    Circulating Mvar Flows are Eliminated

  • Calculation Process Non-Linear System

    Calculated Iteratively Calculated Iteratively Assume the Load

    V lt (I iti l C diti )Assume VRC l I S / V

    Voltage (Initial Conditions) Calculate the Current I

    Calc: I = Sload / VRCalc: Vd = I * Z

    Re-Calc VR = Vs - Vd

    Based on the Current,Calculate Voltage Drop Vd

    Re-Calculate Load Voltage VR Re-use Load Voltage as initial condition until the

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 14

    gresults are within the specified precision.

  • Load Flow Calculation M th dMethods

    1. Accelerated Gauss-Seidel Method

    Low Requirements on initial values, b t l i dbut slow in speed.

    3. Fast-Decoupled Method

    Two sets of iteration equations: real power voltage angle,

    2. Newton-Raphson Method

    Fast in speed, but high requirement on initial values.

    reactive power voltage magnitude.

    Fast in speed, but low in solution precision.

    f First order derivative is used to speed up calculation.

    Better for radial systems and systems with long lines.

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 15

  • Load Nameplate Data

    kVAEffPF

    HPEffPF

    kWkVA RatedRated ==

    7457.0

    kWPF

    )kVar()kW(kVA 22

    =+=

    kVAFLA

    kVkVAFLA

    R t d

    Rated

    =3 3)kV3(

    kVA1000I

    kVA

    3 =kV

    kVAFLA Rated=1Where PF and Efficiency are taken at 100 % loading conditions

    kVkVA1000I

    )kV3(

    1 =

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 16

    loading conditions

  • Constant Power Loads

    In Load Flow calculations induction, synchronous and lump loads are treated as constant power loadsas constant power loads.

    The power output remains constant even if the input voltage changes (constant kVA).)

    The lump load power output behaves like a constant power load for the specified % motor load.

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 17

  • In Load Flow calculations Static Loads Lump Loads

    Constant Impedance Loads In Load Flow calculations Static Loads, Lump Loads

    (% static), Capacitors and Harmonic Filters and Motor Operated Valves are treated as Constant Impedance Loads.

    The Input Power increases proportionally to the square of the Input Voltage.

    In Load Flow Harmonic Filters may be used as capacitive loads for Power Factor Correctioncapacitive loads for Power Factor Correction.

    MOVs are modeled as constant impedance loads because of their operating characteristics.

    1996-2008 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 18

  • Constant Current Loads The current remains constant even if the

    voltage changes.

    DC Constant current loads are used to test Battery discharge capacityBattery discharge capacity.

    AC constant current loads may be used to test UPS systems performance.

    DC Constant Current Loads may be defined in DC Constant Current Loads may be defined in ETAP by defining Load Duty Cycles used for Battery Sizing & Discharge purposes.

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 19

  • Constant Current Loads

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 20

  • Generic Loads

    Exponential Load

    Polynomial Load

    ComprehensiveComprehensive Load

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 21

  • Generator Operation Modes

    Feedback Voltage gAVR: Automatic Voltage RegulationFixed: Fixed Excitation (no AVR action)( )

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 22

  • Governor Operating Modes Isochronous: This governor setting allows the

    generators power output to be adjusted based on the system demand.

    Droop: This governor setting allows the generator to be Base Loaded, meaning that the MW output is fixed.

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 23

  • Isochronous Mode

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 24

  • Droop Mode

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 25

  • Droop Mode

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 26

  • Droop Mode

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 27

  • Adjusting Steam Flow

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 28

  • Adjusting Excitation

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 29

  • In ETAP Generators and Power Grids have four operating modes that are used in Load Flow calculations.

    Swing ModeGovernor is operating in I h dIsochronous modeAutomatic Voltage Regulator

    Voltage ControlG i ti iGovernor is operating in

    Droop ModeAutomatic Voltage Regulator

    M C t lMvar ControlGovernor is operating in Droop ModeFixed Field Excitation (no AVR

    ti )action)

    PF ControlGovernor is operating in D M d

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 30

    Droop ModeAVR Adjusts to Power Factor Setting

  • I th S i M d th lt i k t fi d P & Q In the Swing Mode, the voltage is kept fixed. P & Q can vary based on the Power Demand

    In the Voltage Control Mode, P & V are kept fixed while Q & i dare varied

    In the Mvar Control Mode, P and Q are kept fixed while V & are varied

    If in Voltage Control Mode, the limits of P & Q are reached, the model is changed to a Load Model (P & Q are kept fixed)

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 31

    model is changed to a Load Model (P & Q are kept fixed)

  • Generator Capability Curve

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 32

  • Generator Capability Curve

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 33

  • Generator Capability Curve

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 34

  • Maximum & Minimum R ti PReactive Power

    Field Winding Heating Limit

    Machine Rating (Power Factor Point)

    Armature Winding Heating Limit

    Steady State Stability Curve

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 35

    Armature Winding Heating Limit

  • Generator Capability Curve

    Field Winding M hi R tigHeating Limit Machine Rating (Power Factor Point)

    Steady State Stability Curve

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 36

  • Generation Categories

    Load Flow Loading Page

    Generator/Power Grid Rating Page

    Load Flow Loading Page

    10 Different Generation Categories for Every Generator or Power Grid in the System

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 37

    in the System

  • Power Flow

    = 111 VV

    = 222 VV

    V*VV*VV

    jQPI*VS2

    +==

    *VV

    XV)(*COS

    X*VVj)(*SIN

    X*VV

    21

    22

    2121

    2121

    +=

    V)*COS(*VVQ

    )(*SINX

    VVP

    22

    2121

    2121

    =

    =

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 38

    X)COS(

    XQ 21

  • Example: Two voltage sources designated as V1 and V2 are connected as shown. If V1= 100 /0 , V2 = 100 /30 and X = 0 +j5connected as shown. If V1 100 /0 , V2 100 /30 and X 0 j5 determine the power flow in the system.

    682j10I5j

    )50j6.86(0j100X

    VVI 21 ++==

    I

    268j1000)68.2j10(100IV

    68.2j10I

    *1 +=+=

    =

    268j1000)68.2j10)(50j6.86(IV268j1000)68.2j10(100IV

    *2

    1

    =++=++

    var536535.10X|I| 22 ==

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 39

  • The following graph shows the power flow from Machine M2. This machine behaves as a generator supplying real power and

    1Power Flow

    1

    g pp y g pabsorbing reactive power from machine M1.

    S

    0V E( )X

    sin ( )V E( )

    cos ( ) V21

    X ( ) X

    22

    0

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 40

    Real Power FlowReactive Power Flow

  • Bus VoltageETAP displays bus voltage values in two ways

    kV value

    P t f N i l B kVPercent of Nominal Bus kV

    513kV 813kVFor Bus4:

    %83.97100%

    5.13

    ===

    Calculated

    Calculated

    kVkVV

    kV 8.13min =alNokV

    minalNokV

    034=kV 164=kVFor Bus5:

    %85.96100%

    03.4

    min

    ===

    alNo

    Calculated

    Calculated

    kVkVV

    kV 16.4min =alNokV

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 41

    minalNokV

  • 1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 42

  • Lump Load Negative L diLoading

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 43

  • Load Flow Adjustments Transformer Impedance

    Adjust transformer impedance based on possible length variation tolerancetolerance

    Reactor Impedance Adjust reactor impedance based on specified toleranceAdjust reactor impedance based on specified tolerance

    Overload Heater Adjust Overload Heater resistance based on specified toleranceAdjust Overload Heater resistance based on specified tolerance

    Transmission Line Length Adjust Transmission Line Impedance based on possible length djust a s ss o e peda ce based o poss b e e gt

    variation tolerance

    Cable Length

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 44

    Adjust Cable Impedance based on possible length variation tolerance

  • Load Flow Study Case Adj t t P

    Adjustments applied

    Adjustment Page

    Individual

    Global

    Temperature Correction

    Cable Resistance

    Transmission LineResistance

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 45

  • Allowable Voltage DropNEC d ANSI C84 1NEC and ANSI C84.1

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 46

  • Load Flow Example 1 Part 1Part 1

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: Load Flow AnalysisSlide 47

  • Load Flow Example 1 Part 2Part 2

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 48

  • Load Flow Alerts

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 49

  • Equipment Overload Alerts

    Bus Alerts Monitor Continuous Ampsp

    Cable Monitor Continuous Amps

    Reactor Monitor Continuous AmpsReactor Monitor Continuous Amps

    Line Monitor Line Ampacity

    f OTransformer Monitor Maximum MVA Output

    UPS/Panel Monitor Panel Continuous Amps

    Generator Monitor Generator Rated MW

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 50

  • Protective Device Alerts

    Protective Devices Monitored parameters % Condition reported

    Low Voltage Circuit Breaker Continuous rated Current OverLoadHigh Voltage Circuit Breaker Continuous rated Current OverLoad

    Fuses Rated Current OverLoadContactors Continuous rated Current OverLoadContactors Continuous rated Current OverLoad

    SPDT / SPST switches Continuous rated Current OverLoad

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 51

  • If the Auto Display feature is active, the Alert View Window will appear as soon as the L d Fl l l tiLoad Flow calculation has finished.

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 52

  • Advanced LF TopicsAdvanced LF TopicsLoad Flow Convergence

    Voltage Control

    Mvar ControlMvar Control

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 53

  • Load Flow Convergence

    Negative Impedance

    Zero or Very Small Impedance

    Widely Different Branch Impedance Values

    Long Radial System Configurations

    B d B V lt I iti l V l Bad Bus Voltage Initial Values

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 54

  • Voltage Control

    Under/Over Voltage Conditions must be fixed for proper equipment operation andfixed for proper equipment operation and insulation ratings be met.

    Methods of Improving Voltage Conditions:Methods of Improving Voltage Conditions: Transformer Replacement

    Capacitor Addition

    Transformer Tap Adjustment

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 55

    p j

  • Under-Voltage Example Create Under Voltage

    Condition Method 2 - Shunt

    Capacitor

    Change Syn2 Quantity to 6. (Info Page, Quantity Field)

    Run LF

    Add Shunt Capacitor to Bus8 300 kvar 3 Banks Voltage is improved Run LF

    Bus8 Turns Magenta (Under Voltage Condition)

    Voltage is improved

    Method 3 - Change Tap Place LTC on Primary of T6

    Method 1 - Change Xfmr Change T4 from 3 MVA to 8

    MVA ill ti li ht

    y Select Bus8 for Control Bus Select Update LTC in the

    Study CaseMVA, will notice slight improvement on the Bus8 kV

    Too Expensive and time

    Study Case Run LF Bus Voltage Comes within

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 56

    consumingg

    specified limits

  • Mvar Control Vars from Utility

    Add Switch to CAP1 Method 2 Add Capacitor

    Close Switch Open Switch Run LF

    Run Load Flow

    Var Contribution from the Utilit d

    Method 1 Generator Change Generator from

    Utility reduces

    Method 3 Xfmr MVA Change Generator from Voltage Control to Mvar Control

    Set Mvar Design Setting to 5

    Method 3 Xfmr MVA Change T1 Mva to 40 MVA

    Will notice decrease in theSet Mvar Design Setting to 5 Mvars

    Will notice decrease in the contribution from the Utility

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 57

  • Panel SystemsPanel Systemsyy

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 58

  • Panel Boards They are a collection of branch circuits

    feeding system loads

    Panel System is used for representing power and lighting panels in electrical systemsand lighting panels in electrical systems

    Click to drop once on OLVClick to drop once on OLVDouble-Click to drop multiple panels

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 59

  • RepresentationA panel branch circuit load can be modeled as an internal or external load

    Advantages:1. Easier Data Entry

    2. Concise System Representation

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 60

  • Pin AssignmentPin 0 is the top pin of the panelETAP allows up to 24 external load connections

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 61

  • Assumptions Vrated (internal load) = Vrated (Panel Voltage)

    Note that if a 1 Phase load is connected to a 3 Note that if a 1-Phase load is connected to a 3-Phase panel circuit, the rated voltage of the panel circuit is (1/3) times the rated panel voltagecircuit is (1/3) times the rated panel voltage

    The voltage of L1 or L2 phase in a 1-Phase 3-Wire panel is (1/2) times the rated voltage of the panelpanel is (1/2) times the rated voltage of the panel

    There are no losses in the feeders connecting a load to the panelload to the panel

    Static loads are calculated based on their rated lt

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 62

    voltage

  • Line-Line ConnectionsLoad Connected Between Two Phases of a3-Phase System

    A

    BC

    ABC

    Load

    IBC IC = -IBC

    LoadB

    IB = IBC

    Angle by which load current IBC lags the load voltage = Therefore, for load connected between phases B and C:

    SBC = VBC.IBCPBC = VBC.IBC.cos QBC = VBC.IBC.sin

    For load connected to phase B

    SB = VB.IBPB = VB.IB.cos ( - 30)QB = VB.IB.sin ( - 30)BC BC BC Q ( )

    And, for load connected to phase C

    SC = VC.ICPC = VC.IC.cos ( + 30)QC C C ( )

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 63

    QC = VC.IC.sin ( + 30)

  • Info Page

    NEC SelectionA, B, C from top to bottom or left to right from the front of the panelthe panel

    Phase B shall be the highest voltage (LG) on a 3-phase, 4-wire delta connected system (midpoint grounded)

    3-Phase 4-Wire Panel3-Phase 3-Wire Panel1 Ph 3 Wi P l1-Phase 3-Wire Panel1-Phase 2-Wire Panel

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 64

  • Rating Page

    Intelligent kV CalculationIf a 1-Phase panel is connected to a 3-Phase bus phaving a nominal voltage equal to 0.48 kV, the default rated kV of the panel is set to (0.48/1.732 =) 0.277 kV

    For IEC, Enclosure Type is Ingress Protection (IPxy), where IP00 means no protection or shielding on the panelon the panel

    Select ANSI or IEC B k F fBreakers or Fuses from Main Device Library

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 65

  • Schedule Page

    Ci it N b ithCircuit Numbers with

    Standard Layout

    Circuit Numbers with C l L t

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 66

    Column Layout

  • Description TabFi t 14 l d it i th li t b d NEC 1999First 14 load items in the list are based on NEC 1999Last 10 load types in the Panel Code Factor Table are user-definedLoad Type is used to determine the Code Factors used in calculating the total panel loadpExternal loads are classified as motor load or static load according to theelement typeFor External links the load status is determined from the connected loadsdemand factor statusdemand factor status

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 67

  • Rating Tab

    Enter per phase VA, W, or Amperes for this loadAmperes for this load.

    For example, if total Watts for a 3-phase load are 1200 enter W as 4001200, enter W as 400 (=1200/3)

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 68

  • Loading Tab

    For internal loads, enter the % loading for the selected loading category

    For both internal and external loads, Amp values are calculated based on terminal bus nominal kV

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 69

  • Protective Device Tab

    Library Quick Pick -LV Circuit BreakerLV Circuit Breaker(Molded Case, withThermal Magnetic TripDevice) or

    Library Quick Pick Fuse will appeardepending on theType of protectiveType of protectivedevice selected.

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 70

  • Feeder Tab

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 71

  • Action ButtonsCopy the content of the selectedrow to clipboard. Circuit number,Phase, Pole, Load Name, Linkand State are not copiedand State are not copied.

    Paste the entire content (of thePaste the entire content (of the copied row) in the selected row. This will work when the Link Type is other than space or unusable, and only for fields which are not blocked.which are not blocked.

    Blank out the contents of the entire selected row.

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 72

  • Summary Page

    Continuous Load Per Phase and Total

    Non-Continuous Load Per Phase and Total

    Connected Load Per Phase and Total (Continuous + Non-Continuous Load)

    Code Demand Per Phase and Total

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 73

  • Output Report

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 74

  • Panel Code Factors

    The first fourteen have fixed formats per NEC 1999

    Code demand load depends on Panel Code Factors

    The first fourteen have fixed formats per NEC 1999

    Code demand load calculation for internal loads are done for each types of load separately and then summed upfor each types of load separately and then summed up

    1996-2010 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Load Flow Analysis Slide 75