- X-Xz-߃ - تعريف مباشر بالإسلام عبر الشات بـ 16 لغة ... ·...
Transcript of - X-Xz-߃ - تعريف مباشر بالإسلام عبر الشات بـ 16 لغة ... ·...
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
ssi-Jv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn¬- h-lm-_v-( )
DA'WA BOOKS
hn-h¿-Ø-I≥-:-
sI-.-sI.- k-I-cn-ø- kzem-ln-
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
Z-Av-hm- _p-Iv-kv˛
]p-kv-X-I- {]-km-[-\-cw-K-sØ- \-hm-K-X-\m-Wv.-
A-¥m-cm-jv-{S-\n-e-hm-c-Øn¬-
a-e-bm-f- ]p-kv-X-I-߃- ]p-d-Øn-d-°p-I-bpw-
{]-k-Iv-X-am-b- hn-hn-[- `m-jm-{K-\v-Y-߃-
a-e-bm-f-Øn-te-°v- sam-gn-am-‰w- \-S-Øn-
{]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw-
A-¥m-cm-jv-{S- k-aq-l-Øn-\v- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-
a-e-bm-f- ]p-kv-X-I-߃-
a-‰p-- `m-j-I-fn-te-°v- ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-
]p-d-Øn-d-°p-I-bp-sa-√m-am-Wv- e-£yw.-
Z-Av-hm- _p-Iv-kn-s≥-d- B-dm-a-sØ- ]p-kv-X-I-am-Wn-Xv.-
ssi-Jv- a-l-Ω-Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Z-n-¬- h-lm-_n-( )-s‚-
F-∂- e-Lp- Ir-Xn-bp-sS-
a-e-bm-f- hn-h¿-Ø-\-a-m-Wn-Xv.-
Hm-tcm- ap-kv-en-apw- \n¿-_-‘-am-bpw- A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠-
aq-∂v- A-Sn-ÿm-\- X-X-z-߃-
k-c-f-am-bn- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂- Ir-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv.-
sI.-sI.- k-I-cn-ø- kz-em-ln-bm-Wv- hn-h¿-Ø-I≥-.-
hn-e-bn-cp-Øp-I-; \n¿-tZ-i-ß-fpw- hn-a¿-i-\-ßfp-ap-≠m-hpw-.-
A-h-bv-s°-√mw- kzm-K-Xw-;-
A-h-bm-W-t√m- \-sΩ- t\-sc- \-S-Øp-∂-X-v.-
{]m¿-Y-n-°p-I,- Cu- in-ip-hn-s≥-d- h-f¿-®-°p-th-≠n-.
A-√m-lp-th....- \o- R-ß-fp-sS- I¿-a-߃- kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw-
kz¿-K-Øn¬- kv-Ym-\w- \¬-In- A-\p-{K-ln-°p-I-bpw-
sN-tø-Wta....-(B-ao≥-)-
a-mt\P¿-
DA'WA BOOKSMalayalam | Study | Moonnu Adisthana Thathwangal
aq-∂v- A-Sn-ÿm-\- XX-z-߃-Original Title: Usoolu Salasa
Author: Shaik Muhammed Ibn Abdul Wahab ( )Translator: K.K. Zakariya Swalahi
First Edition: February 2006Price: Rs. 25.00
Publishers | Distribution:Da'wa Books | Salafi Cultural Complex | Vyttila | Kochi-19 | Kerala | India
Email: [email protected]: Yoonus K.K.
Type Setting: Creative MediaPrinting: Screen Offset, Kochi-18
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any meanswithout the prior written permission of the publishers.
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
hn-h¿-Ø-\-°p-dn∏-v-
k-¿-h-kv-Xp-Xn-bpw- A-√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()bn-
epw- Ip-Spw-_-m-Zn-I-fn-epw- A-hn-Sp-sØ- A-\p-Nc-∑m-cn-epw- A-√mlp-
hn-s‚- Im-cp-Wy-hpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- k-Zm- h¿-jn-°p-am-dm-I-s´.-
lnPv-d- 12˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n-se- ap-P-±n-Zv- (]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv)- F-∂pw-
c-≠mw- ssi-Jp¬- C-kv-emw- (C-kv-em-an-s‚- Kp-cp-)- F-∂p-w- A-dnbs∏-
Sp-∂- ssi-Jv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn¬- h-lm-_n-( )-s‚- "aq-∂v-
A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃'- F-∂¿-∞-ap-≈- " '- F-∂- temI-
{]-i-kv-X- Ir-Xn-bp-sS- hn-h¿-Ø-am-Wv- hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- ssI-I-fnencn-
°p-∂-Xv.- k-u-Zn- A-td-_y-bn¬-\n-∂pw- ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v- tIm-
∏n-Iƒ- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- tem-I-sØ-ºm-Sp-ap-≈- k-e-̂ n-
Iƒ I-em-e-b-ß-fn-ep-w- A-√m-sX-bpw- ]-Tn-°p-I-bpw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw-
sN-øp-∂- Cu- e-Lp-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- a-e-bm-f- ]-cn`m-j- tI-c-f-Øn¬-
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
C-Xp-h-sc- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-́ -Xm-bn- A-dn-™n-́ n-√.- "Zp-ss_- Ckv-
em-an-Iv- C≥-^¿-ta-j≥- sk‚¿'- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b- "ssZ-hw,- a-Xw,-
Zq-X≥'- F-∂- hn-h¿-Ø-\w- a-e-bm-f- hm-b-\-°m-cn¬- sN-dn-b- H-cp-
i-X-am-\w- B-fp-Iƒ-°p-t]m-epw- e-`y-a-√.- ku-Zn- A-td-_y-bn-se-
Nn-e- Z-Av-hm- sk‚-dp-Iƒ- (Pm-en-bm-Øp-Iƒ)- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b- hnh¿-
Ø-\-ß-fp-sS- kv-Yn-Xn-bpw- `n-∂-a-√.- Cu- hn-S-hv- \n-I-Øp-I-bm-Wv-
Cu- hn-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚- D-t±-iyw.-
Hm-tcm- ap-kv-enapw- A-\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- A-dn-™n-cn-t°-≠- Nn-e-
A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- hn-j-b-ß-fm-Wv- Cu- sIm-®p-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- {]-Xn-]m-Zyw.-
X-s∂- kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-bpw- t]m-‰n- h-f¿-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-
øp-∂- c-£n-Xm-hv- (d-∫v)- B-cm-Wv?- A-h-\v- C-jv-S-s∏-́ - a-X-ta-XmWv?-
B- a-Xw- ]-Tn-∏n-°m-\pw- A-X-\p-k-cn-®v- am-Xr-I- Im-Wn-°m-\pw-
A-h≥- A-b-®- Zq-X≥- B-cm-Wv?- kp-{]-[m-\-am-b- Cu- aq-∂v- hnjb-
ß-fm-Wv- ssi-Jp¬- C-kv-emw- A-Xn¬- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv-.- in¿-
°pw- _n-Zv-A-Øpw- X-\n-°v- Np-‰p-ap-≈- ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬-
Iq-cn-cp-́ v- ]-c-Øn-b- Im-e-L-́ -Øn-em-Wv- {K-\v-Y-I¿-Øm-hv- Po-hn-®Xv.-
Xu-lo-Zpw- in¿-°pw- h-I-Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-Ø-,- kp-∂-Øpw- _n-Zv-A-Øpw-
hy-h-tO-Zn-®-dn-bm-Ø- ap-kv-enw- _-lp-P-\-ß-sf- hnip-≤- Jp¿-B\n-
s‚-bpw- \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS-bpw- sh-fn-®-Øn¬- D-≤-cn-°m-\m-Wv- A-t±-
lw- X-s‚- Po-hn-Xw- D-gn-™p-sh-®-Xv.- A-Xn-\v- h-ºn-®- ̂ -e-ß-fpap-
≠mbn.- ku-Zn- A-td-_y- k-e-^n-Iƒ-°v- h-f-°q-dp-≈- a-Æm-b-Xv-
X-s∂- A-Xn-s‚- {]-Xy-£-^-e-ß-fn¬- H-∂m-Wv.-
Zp-ss_-bn¬- \n-∂pw- P.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- sIm-Sn-b-Øq¿- hn-h¿-Ø-\w-
sN-bv-Xv- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b- ta¬-kq-Nn-∏n-®- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- C-Xn-s‚- ]cn-
`m-j-bn¬- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- A-h-ew-_n-®n-́ p-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬- l-Zo-kp-
I-fp-sS- \-º-dpw- D-≤-c-n-®- Nn-e- {K-\v-Y-ßfpw- _-em-_-e-ß-fpw- hnhcn-
®n-´p-≠v- F-∂-Xm-Wv- Cu- hn-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚- {]-tXy-I-X.- hm-b\
°m-cp-sS- ]-T-\- ku-I-cym¿-∞w- aq-e-Ir-Xn-bn¬- C-√m-Ø- Nn-e- "Xe-
s°-́ p-Iƒ'- ]p-Xp-Xm-bn- sIm-Sp-Øn-́ p-ap-≠v.- ]-d-bm≥-t]m-Ip-∂- hnj-
b-ß-sf- C-\w-Xn-cn-®v- {K-ln-°m≥- Cu- co-Xn- D-]-I-cn-°pw;- A-Xpt]m-
se- ]-e- k-a-b-ß-fn-em-bn- hm-bn-®v- {K-ln-°p-∂-h¿-°pw.--
{]-tX-y-I-{i-≤-°v-:- Cu- Ir-Xn-bn¬- {K-\v-Y-I¿-Øm-hv- D≤-cn-®-
Nn-e- l-Zo-kp-Iƒ- ssi-Jv- A¬-_m-\n- ( )-bp-sSbpw- a-‰v- Nn-e- ap
l-±n-kp-I-fp-sS-bpw- \n-cq-]-W-Øn¬- Zp¿-_-e-am-sW-∂v- sX-fn-™h-
bm-Wv.- A-Sn-°p-dn-∏n¬- A-°m-cyw- \mw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-ap-≠v.-
F-∂m¬- Nn-e- hm-b-\-°m¿-°v- C-hn-sS- H-cp- kw-i-bw- tXm-∂mw.-
A-Xm-b-Xv- h-en-b- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hpw- k-e-̂ o- ]-Wv-Un-X-\p-am-bncp-
∂- ssiJn-s‚- Ir-Xn-bn¬- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- Zp¿-_-e- l-Zo-kp-Iƒ-
I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-b-Xv F-∂v.- A-Xn-\p-≈- a-dp-]-Sn- ssi-Jv- A¬-_m-\n
Xs∂- "A-±-Av-h-Øp-k-e-̂ n-ø....'- F-∂- "ap-l-Ω-Zv- Cu-Zv- A-∫mkn'
bp-sS- Ir-Xn-s°-gp-Xn-b- A-Sn-°p-dn-∏n¬- hn-h-cn-®n-´p-≠v.- A-Xn-s‚-
Npcp-°w- Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p:-
""ssi-Jv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn¬- h-lm-_v- k-e-̂ o- A-Jo-Zbp-
sS- {]-t_m-[-I-\pw- ap-kv-enw- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hp-am-sW-∂-Im-cyw- A-
hn-X¿-°n-X-am-Wv.- ssi-Jp¬- C-kv-emw- C-_v-\p- ssX-an-b-°p-tijw-
C-kv-em-an-I- tem-I-Øv- in¿-°v- I-e-cm-Ø- Xu-lo-Zv- {]-N-cn-∏n-®Xn¬-
A-t±-l-Øn-\v- ap-Jy-am-b- ]-¶m-Wp-≈-Xv.- hn-ti-jn-®pw- B-[p-\n-I-
ku-Zn- A-td-_y-bp-sS- ̀ m-K-am-bn- am-dn-b- ln-Pm-kv,- \-Pv-Zv- {]-tZiß-
fn¬.-
]-t£,- Cu- Z-Av-h-Øn-s‚- ̀ m-c-ta-dn-b-Xpw- Xn-c-°p-]n-Sn-®-Xp-amb-
{]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬- hym-]r-X-\m-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww- A-t±-l-
Øn-\v- k-e-^o- Z-Av-h-Øn-s‚- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\v- km-[n-°m-sX-
t]m-b-Xv.- A-Xm-b-Xv- a-Zv-l-_n-\pw- X-Jv-eo-Zn-\p-sa-Xn-cn-epw- Zp¿-_e-
l-Zo-kp-Iƒ-s°-Xn-cn-ep-ap-≈- k-a-cw-Iq-Sn- X-s‚- Z-Av-h-Øn-s‚- ̀ mK-
am-°m≥- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- km-[n-®n-√.- F-∂p-am-{X-a-√,- I¿-a-im-kv{X-
Im-cy-ß-fn¬- A-t±-lw- kz-bw-X-s∂- l-º-eo- a-Zv-l-_v- ]n-¥p-Scp∂-
hy-Iv-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-Xm-\pw.- l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-em-I-s -́ a‰p-
]-e- {]-t_m-[-I-sc-bpwt]m-se- ap-l-±n-kp-I-fp-sS- \n-b-a-\p-kcn®p≈-
l-Zo-kn-s‚- X-cw-Xncn-hn¬- (kz-lo-lv,- Z-Cu-^v....)- A-±-l-Øn-\v-
th-≠- ]-cn-Pv-Rm-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√- F-∂p-th-Ww- I-cp-Xm≥.- Imc-
Ww- "B-Zm-_p¬- a-iv-bn- C-e- z-em-Xn'- F-∂- ssi-Jn-s‚- {]-kn≤am-
b- Ir-Xn-bp-sS- B-Zy-Øn¬-X-s∂- c-≠v- {]-[m-\- \yq-\-X-I-fp-≈-
"A-√m-lp-Ω- C-∂o- A-kv-A-ep-I-_n-l-Jn- m-C-eu-\- A-sse-I....''-
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
F-∂v- Xp-S-ßp-∂- Zp¿-_-e-am-b- l-Zo-km-Wv- sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv.-
Cu- l-Zo-kn-s‚- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- ]-≈n-bn-te-°v- \-S-∂p-]m-Ip∂-
-Bƒ- Cu- l-Zo-kn¬- ]-d-™- l-Jv- sIm-≠p-≈- {]m¿-∞-\- sNm√¬-
H-cp- C-kv-em-an-I- a-cym-Z-bm-bn-´m-Wv- A-Xn¬- A-t±-lw- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-
®n-´p-≈-Xv-!- F-∂m¬- C-_v-\p-ssX-an-b-( )- C-{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
A-t±-lw- k-e-^o- Z-Av-h-Øn-s‚- F-√m- h-i-ß-fpw- Dƒ-s°m-≠-
alm-]-Wv-Un-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- Zp¿-_-e- l-Zo-kp-Iƒ-s°-Xn-cn¬-
kapZm-b-sØ- Ku-c-h-]q¿-hw- D-W¿-Øn-b- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hm-Wv-
At±-lw- (X-s‚- Nn-e- Ir-Xn-I-fn¬- A-_-≤-h-im¬- A-]q¿-hw- Nne-
Zp¿-_e- l-Zo-kp-Iƒ- h-∂p-t]m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n-epw).-
C-Xv- \mw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- ssi-Jv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn¬- h-lm_n-
s‚- kv-Ym-\-hpw a-l-Xz-hpw- Ip-d-®v- Im-Wn-°m-\-√.- a-dn-®v- k-e-^o-
]-fi-n-X-cn¬- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø¿-°pw- A-h-c-h¿-°v- A¿-l-X-s∏-́ - kvYm-
\w- \¬-Ip-I- F-∂-Xm-W-t√m- \o-Xn- F-∂- \n-e-°m-Wv.- Xu-loZns‚-
i-{Xp-°ƒ- ssi-Jn-s\-Xn-cn¬- D-∂-bn-°p-∂- B-t£-]-ß-sf-bpw-
B-tcm-]-W-ß-sf-bpw- \mw- H-cn-°-epw- C-j-v-S-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.- {]-Xyp-X-
I-gn-hn≥-]-Sn- A-Xn-s\- {]-Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv- Xm-\pw.- F-∂m¬,-
\mw- \¬-Ip-∂- Cu- _-lp-am-\w- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬- AXn
cv- I-hn-bm≥- \-Ω-sf- t{]-cn-∏n-°m≥-]m-Sn-√.- A-Xn-\m¬- C-_v-\p-
ssXan-b-( )-bpw- C-_v-\p- A-_v-Zn¬- h-lm-_pw-( )- X-Ωn-ep-≈-
ssh-Pv-Rm-\n-Iam-b- Cu- A-¥-cw- \mw- Hm¿-Øn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v''.-
("Zm-dp¬- Cu-am≥'- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b- "A-±-Av-h-Øp- -e-^n-ø-:- h- au-
Jn-^p-lm- an-\¬- l-dIm-Xn¬- D-Jv-dm'- Im-Wp-I)-.-
Cu- Ir-Xn- ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn- ]p-d-Øn-d-°m≥- Cu-bp-≈-h-s\-
t{]-cn-∏n-®- ]-e-cp-ap-≠v.- A-Xn¬- {]-[m-\n-bm-Wv- Pn-±-bn¬- tPm-en-
sN-øp-∂- k-tlm-Z-c≥- k-°o¿- lp-ssk≥ (tIm-gn-t°m-Sv).- At±-
l-Øn-s‚- kv-t\-l-]q¿-h-am-b- \n¿-_-\v-[n-°¬- F-\n-°v- h-en-b- {]-
tNm-Z-\-am-bn.- A-tXm-sSm-∏w- k-tlm-Z-c≥- Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_-dn-s‚-
t{]m-Xv-km-l-\-hpw.- A-√m-lp- G-h¿-°pw- {]-Xn-^-ew- \¬-I-s´.-
B-ao≥.-
{K-\v-YI¿-Øm-hn-s‚- F-√m- B-i-b-ß-fpw- A-tX- ssi-en-bn¬-
X-s∂- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se-∂-√- H-cp- ̀ m-j-bn-epw- hn-h¿-Ø-\w- sN-bvXv-
-̂en-∏n-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√- F-∂- Im-cyw- kp-hn-Zn-X-am-W-t√m.- A-XmW-
t√m- hn-h¿-Ø-\- Ir-Xn-I-fpsS- ]-cn-an-Xn-bpw.- F-¶n-epw- I-gn-h-Xpw-
{i-an-®n-́ p-≠v.- P.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- sIm-Sn-b-Øq-cn-s‚- ]-cn-̀ m-j- tPm-en- hf-
sc- F-fp-∏-am-°n.- A-√m-lp- A-t±-l-Øn-\pw- A¿-l-am-b- Iq-en- \¬-
I-s´.- B-ao≥.- A-_-≤-߃- kv-t\-l-_p-≤ym- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°W-
sa-∂v- D-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- \n¿-Ø-s´.-
\m-Ym-!- C-sXm-cp- k¬-I¿-a-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-t°-W-ta-!- B-ao≥.-
hn-\-b-]q¿-hw-,-
sI.-sI.- k-I-cn-ø-- kz-em-ln
]n.-H.- I-S-h-Øq¿
I-Æq¿- Pn-√ ˛- 670 676
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
Ba-pJ-w-
A-dn-b-pI-b-pw- A-X-p{]-Im-cw- {]-hr-Ø-n-°-pI-b-pw- sN-tø-≠- \-n¿-_-‘-am-b- Im-cy-߃-
\m-e-v- Im-cy-߃- ]Tn-®n-c-n-°¬- \n¿-_-‘-am-Wv-
1. A-dn-hv- t\-S-pI.-- 2.- A-X-p{]-Im-cw- -3.-A-Xn-te-°v- 4.- A-Xn¬- h-c-p∂-
{]-hr-Øn-°-pI-. £-Wn-°-pI--. {]-bm-k-ßfn¬
£-a-n-°-pI-.-
k-pd-:- A-kv-d-v- Camw- im^n- ()- C-amw- _-pJm-cn-
b-psS- {]-kv-Xm-h-\- ]-d-™-Xv- 47:-19
aq-∂v- Im-cy-߃- ]-Tn-°-e-pw- A-X-\-pk-cn-®-v- {]-h¿-Øn-°-e-pw- Hm-tcm- a-pk-v-enw-
kv-{Xo-˛]-pc-pj≥-am¿-°-pw- \-n¿-_-‘-am-Wv.-
1.- \-sΩ- kr-jv-Sn-®-X-pw - 2.-A-√m-l-phn-\-p≈ -3.A-√m-l-phns‚- G-I-Xzw-
\ap°v `-£-Ww- - C-_-m-Z-Øn¬ Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-pI-b-pw-
\¬-I-p∂-X-pw B-sc-b-pw- ]-¶-ptN¿- d-kq-en-s\- A-\-pk-cn-
A-√m-l-phm-Wv-.- °-p∂-Xv A-h-\n-jv-S- °-pI-b-pw- sN-bv-X-
73:-15.-16 s∏-S-pI-bn--√.- H-cmƒ°v- A-√m-l-phn
72:-16 -s‚-b-pw d-kq-e-n-s‚-b-pw
i-{X-phn-t\m-Sv- _-‘w-
ÿm-]n-°--p∂-Xv
A-\-ph-Z-\o-b-a-√.-
58:-22
C-{_m-lnw- \-_n-()bpsS- l-\-o-^nøm-b- (t\-cm-b)- a-Xw-.-
l\o-^nømx- Iogv-h-W-°w- A-√m-l-ph-n-\v- am-{X-am-°-n-s°m-≠v
A-√m-l-phn-s\- B-cm-[n-°-pI-
F-\n-°v- am-{Xw- C-_m-Z-Ø-v- sN-øm-≥- th-≠n-b-√m-sX- a-\-pjy-sc-b-pw- P-n-∂-pI-sfb-pw-
Rm-≥ kr-jv-Sn-®-n-´n-√. (51:56)
A√mlp I¬∏n-®-Xn¬ G‰hpw A√mlp hntcm-[n-®-Xn¬ G‰hpw
al-ØmbXv XuloZv BIp∂p. Kuc-h-ta-dn-bXv in¿°mWv. AYhm
AXm-bXv C_m-ZØv (B-cm-[-\) A√m-lphnt\m-sSm∏w Ah-\-√m
A√m-lp-hn\v am{X-ambn -Ø-hsc hnfn®v {]m¿∞n-°¬ (4:36)
]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-ج.
H∂m-asØ XXzw
{kjvSm-hn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ ASn-a-bpsS Adnhv (d-∫v)
C_m-Z-Øns‚
C\-߃
ZpB72:18
{]m¿∞-\Bcm-[-\-bm-Ip-∂p.
Ju^v (`-bw)7:185
dPm-Av ({]-Xo-£) 18:110
Xh-°p¬(`cta¬∏n-°¬) 6:53,5:23
dlv_Øv (t]-Sn) 21:90
Jpiq-Av (`b`-‡n) 21:90
JivbØv (`o-Xn) 2:150
C\m-_Øv(Xm-gva) 39:54
CkvXn-B\Øv(k-lm-bw)1:5
CkvXn-BZØv-(A-`bwtXS¬)113:1˛114:1
CkvXn-KmY(km-lm-bm-`y¿∞-\) 8:9
Z_vlv (_-en)6:162˛163
\Zv¿ (t\¿®)76:7
d∫v BcmtWm
Ah-\mWv
bYm¿∞
Bcm-[y≥
2:21˛22
\o \ns‚
c£n-Xmhns\
Fßs\ a\-
n-em°n
Ahs‚
1) Zr-jvSm-¥-ß
fn-eqsS.
2)krjvSn-I-fn
eq-sS.
41:37
7:54
BcmWv
Bcm-[y≥
1:1
Fs∂bpw
k¿ΔtemI-
scbpw
Xs‚ A\p-
{K-l-߃
sIm≠v
t]m‰n
hf¿Øp-∂-
h≥. Ah-
\m-Ip∂p
Bcm-[y≥.
Ah-\√m
sX F\n-
s°mcp
Bcm-[y-
\n√.
A√mlp
A√m-Ø-
sX√mw
(B-ew)
AYhm
Ahs‚
{kjvSn-
I-fn¬
s]-Sp∂p.
A√mlp A√m-
Ø-h¿°v
A¿∏n-°p-∂-
XmWv in¿°v
C_m-Z-Øn¬
\n∂v A√mlp
A√m-Ø-h-¿°v
h√Xpw A¿∏n-
®m¬ Ah≥
Im^n-dpw,
apivcn°pw Bbn-
Øo-cpw (23:117)
{]m¿∞-\ A-X-p
X-s∂-bm-Wv-
C_m-Z-Øv-.
(Xp¿ap-Zn)
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
c≠m-asØ XXzw
sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ]n≥_-e-tØmsS Ckvemans\ a\- n-em-°p-I.
Ckvemw aq∂v XXz-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p
1. A√m-lp-hns‚ GI
Xzw AwKo-I-cn-®p-
sIm≠v Ah\v
kzbw ka¿∏n-°p-I.
Clvkm≥(ssZh `b-tØm-sS
bp≈ kpIr-Xw)
A√m-lp-hns\ ImWp-
∂Xvt]mse Ahs\
Bcm-[n-°p-I.
\o A√m-lp-hns\ ImWp-
∂n-s√-¶nepw Ah≥ \ns∂
ImWp-∂p-≠v.
2. ]pWy-I¿a-߃
{]h¿--Øn-®psIm≠v
Ah\v Iogvs∏-SpI.
Cuam≥(k-Xy-hn-izm-kw)
A√p-lp-hn-ep≈
hnizmkw
ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈
hnizmkw
thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈
hnizmkw
ZqX≥am-cp-ep≈
hnizmkw
A¥y-\m-fn-ep≈
hnizmkw
hn[n-bn-ep≈
hnizmkw
3. in¿°n-t\mSpw in¿
°ns‚ Bfp-Itfm
Spw _‘-hn-tOZw
\S-Øp-I.
Ckvemw(k-a¿∏-Ww)
ilm-Z-Øv
(-km-£y-h-N\w)
\a-kv°mcw
kImØv
t\mºv
l÷v
16:128
26:217˛220
10:61
2:177
2:177
2:177
2:177
2:177
54:49
3:1843:26˛28-3:269:128
98:5
98:5
2:183
3:97
‘lZokv Pn_vco¬’
Ckveman\v aq∂v ]Z-hn-I-fp≠v.
aq∂m-asØ XXzw
apl-ΩZv \_n () sb a\- n-em-°p-I.
apl-ΩZv \_n ()
]p\-cp-∞m\w
20:55
71:17˛18
\∑-˛-Xn-∑Iƒ
°-\p-kr-X-ambn
{]Xn^ew
52:31
]p\-cp-∞m\
sØ \ntj-[n
°pI F∂Xv
Ahn-izmk
amWv
64:7
Xm°oXv \¬
Ip-∂-h-cm-bn
s°m≠pw
kt¥m-j- hm¿
Ø Adn-bn-°p-
∂-h-cm-bn-s°m-
≠p-amWv A√m
lp {]hm-N-I≥
amsc Ab-®-Xv.
A√m-lp-hns\
Bcm-[n-°p-∂-
Xn-te°v £Wn-
°p∂-Xn\pw
XmKq-Øns\
Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xv
XS-bm\pw4:65, 4:163, 16:36
aZo-\-bn-te-°p≈
]emb\w
4:97˛99
29:56
apgp-h≥ P\-ß-fn-
te-°p-ambn \_n
() \ntbm-Kn°
s∏´ncn°p∂p.
At±-lsØ
A\p-k-cn-°¬
\n¿_‘amWv
7:158
{]hm-NIs\
s°m≠v A√m
lp Zo\ns\ ]q¿
Øo-I-cn®p
5:3
{]hm-N-Is‚
acWw
39:30,31
{]mhm-N-IXzw
kpd:ap± n¿
Fgp-t∂‰v
Xm°oXv sNøpI
c£n-Xm-hns\
al-Xz-s∏-Sp-ØpI
hkv{X-߃
ip≤n-bm-°pI
hn{K-l-ßsf
shSn-bpI
hwi-]-c-ºc
A_vZp-√mlv
A_vZp¬
apØ-en_v
lminw
Jpssdiv
Ad_v
Ckvam-Cu¬
C{_mlow
PohnX
Imew
40
50
53
63
Hcp ASna Xs‚ ]cn[n ewLn-®p-sIm≠v
GsXm-∂ns\ Bcm-[y-\mtbm ]n¥p-S-c-s∏
Sp-∂-h\mtbm A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h-\mtbm
IcpXp-∂pthm AXv Xz-mKq-Øm-Wv.
Ah-bpsS t\Xm-°ƒ 5 BWv.
1. i]n-°-s∏´ C_veokv.
2. Xs‚ CjvSsØ Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥.
3. Xs∂ Bcm-[n-°m≥ th≠n P\-ßsf
£Wn-°p-∂-h≥.
{]hm-NIXz
e_v[n
96:1
Ckvdm-Av
anAvdmPv
lnPvd
acWw
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
A-dn-bp-I-!-˛ A-√m-lp- Xm-¶-sf- A-\p-{K-ln-°-s´.-
\m-ev- Im-cy-߃- ]-Tn-®n-cn-°¬- \-ap-°v- \n¿-_-\v-[-am-Wv.-
1.- A-dn-hv- t\-Sp-I-̨ A-Xm-b-Xv- A-√m-lp-hn-s\-bpw- A-h-s‚- {]hm
N-I-s\-bpw- C-kv-emw- a-X-sØ-bpw- sX-fnhp-Iƒ- k-ln-Xw- a\
nem-°p-I.-
2.- a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xp -{]-Im-cw- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-I.-
3.-A-Xn-te-°v- £-Wn-°p-I- ({]-t_m-[-\w- sN-øp-I-)-.-
4.-A-Xn-s‚- t]-cn¬- A-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂- {]-bm-k-ß-fn¬-
£-an-°p-I.-
C-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- h-N-\-ß-fm-Wv.-
""Im-ew- X-s∂-bm-Wv- k-Xyw-;- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- a-\p-jy≥- \-jv-S-
Øn¬- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p-;- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw- k¬-I¿-a-߃- {]h¿
Øn-°p-Ibpw- k-Xyw-sIm-≠pw- £-a-sIm-≠pw- A-t\ym-\yw- D-]tZ-
in°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-h-scm-gn-sI''- (A¬- A-kzv¿:-1˛3)-.-
14
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
C-amw- im-^n- ( )- C-{]-Im-cw- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.-
""A-√m-lp- X-s‚- kr-jv-Sn-Iƒ-°p-≈- \ym-b-{]-am-W-am-bn- Cu-
A-[ym-b-a-√m-sX- (a-s‰m-∂pw)- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®n-√- F-∂v- k-¶¬-]n°pI.-
F-∂m¬- t]m-epw- A-h¿-°n-Xv- a-Xn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p''.-
""D-]-tZ-i-Øn-\pw- I¿-a-Øn-\pw- ap-ºm-bn- A-dn-hp-t\-S¬''- F-∂-
H-cp- X-e-s°-´v- X-s∂- C-amw- _p-Jm-cn- X-s‚- kz-lo-ln¬- H-cp- A
[ym-b-Øn-\v- \¬-In-bn-´p-≠v.- A-Xn-\p-≈- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- A-h-ew-
_w- Xm-sg- Im-Wp-∂- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-am-Wv.-
""B-I-bm¬- A-√m-lp-h-√m-sX- B-cm-[-\-°¿-l-\m-bn- a-‰m-cpan-
s√-∂v- \o- a-\- n-em-°p-I.- \n-s‚- ]m-]-Øn-\v- \o- ]-m-]-tam-N-\w-
tX-Sp-I-bpw sN-øp-I''- (ap-l-Ω-Zv-:19).-
""C-hn-sS- I¿-a-Øn-\pw- D-]-tZ-i-Øn-\pw- ap-ºm-bn- A-dn-hv- t\Sp∂-
Xn-s\-bm-Wv- A-√m-lp- a-p¥n-®-Xv''- (kz-lo-lp¬- _p-Jm-cn,- hm:1,-
In-Xm-_p¬- C¬av,- _m-_v- ˛11)-.-
(A-dn-bp-I-)-˛A-√m-lp- Xm-¶ƒ-°v- A-\p-{K-lw- sN-ø-s´-˛ Xm-sg-
]-d-bp-∂- aq-∂v- (kp-{]-[m-\)- Im-cy-߃- ]-Tn-°-epw- A-X-\pk-cn®v-
{]-h¿-Øn-°-epw- Hm-tcm- ap-kv-enw- kv-{Xo-̨ ]p-cp-j-∑m-°pw- \n¿-_\v-
[-am-Wv.-
(H-∂v-)- \-sΩ- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xpw- \-ap-°v- `-£-Ww- \¬-Ip-∂-Xpw-
A-√m-lp-hm-Wv.- A-h≥- \-sΩ- (A-h-K-Wn-®n-́ n-√)- X-≈n-°-f-™n´n-
√.- \-Ωn-te-°v- A-h≥- Zq-X-s\- \n-tbm-Kn-®n-́ p-≠v.- B- Zq-X-s\- A\p-
k-cn-®-h¿- kz¿-K-Øn¬- {]-th-in-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- A-t±-l-sØ- [n°-
cn-®-h≥- \-c-I-Øn-epw.-
Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-am-Wv- A-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv.-
""Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- \n-ß-fn-te-°v- \n-ß-fp-sS- Im-c-y-Øn-\v- km-£n-
bm-bn-´p-≈ H-cp- Zq-X-s\- \mw- \n-tbm-Kn-®ncn-°p-∂p.- ^n¿-H-u-s‚-
A-Sp-tØ-°v- \mw- H-cp- Zq-X-s\- \n-tbm-Kn-®-Xv- t]m-se-Ø-s∂.- F∂n v́-
^n-¿-Hu≥- B- Zq-X-t\m-Sv- [n-°m-cw- Im-Wn-®p.- A-t∏mƒ- \mw- Ahs\-
I-Sp-Ø- H-cp- ]n-Sp-Øw- ]n-Sn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn''- (A¬- ap- -Ω-n¬:15,16).-
(c-≠v)- A-√m-lp-hn∂p-≈- C-_m-Z-Øn¬- B-sc-bpw- ]-¶p-tN¿°p-
∂-Xv- A-h≥- C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.- A-Xv- A-h-¶¬- km-ao-]yw- t\Snb-
a-e-°p-I-tfm- A-h≥- \n-tbm-Kn-®- Zq-X-∑m-tcm- B-sW-¶n¬- t]mepw-
A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- h-N-\-am-Wv- A-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv.-
""]-≈n-Iƒ- A-√m-lp-hn-∂p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.- A-Xn-\m¬- \n-߃- A√m
-lp-thm-sSm-∏w- B-sc-bp-w- hn-fn-®v- {]m¿-∞n-°-cp-Xv-''- (A¬ Pn-∂v:18).-
(aq-∂v)- d-kq-en-s\- A-\p-k-cn-°p-I-bpw- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- G-IXzw-
Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- H-cmƒ-°v- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚-bpw- d-kqen-
s‚-bpw- i-{Xp-hn-t\m-Sv- _-\v-[w- kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂-Xv- A-\p-h-Z-\o-ba√.-
A-h≥- F-{X- A-Sp-Ø- _-\v-[p-hm-bm¬- t]m-epw.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-
∂-Xv- t\m-°p-I-:-
20 21
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
""A-√m-lp-hn-epw- A-¥y-Zn-\-Øn-epw- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂- H-cp- P-\X
A-√m-lp-th-Spw- A-h-s‚- d-kq-en-t\m-Spw- F-Xn¿-Øp- \-n¬-°p-∂h-
cp-am-bn- kv-t\-l-_-‘w- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂-Xv- \o- I-s≠-Øp-I-bn-√.- A-
h¿- (F-Xn-¿-∏p-Im¿)- A-h-c-p-sS- ]n-Xm-°-tfm- ]p-{X-∑m-tcm -k-tlmZ-
c-∑m-tcm- _-‘p-°-tfm- B-bn-cp-∂m¬- t]m-epw-.- A-Ø-c-°m-cp-sS-
lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬- A-√m-lp- hn-izm-kw- tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- A-hs‚-
]-°¬- \n-∂p-≈- H-cm-fl-ssN-X-\yw- sIm-≠v- A-h≥- A-h¿-°v- ]n≥-
_-ew- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p-.- Xm-gv-`m-K-Øp-Iq-Sn- A-cp-hn-
Iƒ- H-gp-Ip-∂- kz¿-K-tØm-∏p-I-fn-¬- A-h-sc- A-h≥- {]-th-in-∏n°p-
I-bpw- sN-øpw.- A-h-c-Xn¬- \n-Xy-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-°pw.- A-√m-lp-
A-h-sc-∏-‰n- Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h¿- A-h-s\-∏-‰n-bpw- Xr-]vXn-
s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-Ø-c-°m-cm-Ip-∂p- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- I-£n.- A-dn-
bp-I-:- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- I-£n-bm-Ip-∂p- hn-P-bw- {]m-
]n-°p-∂-h¿-''- (A¬ ap-Pm-Zn-e-:22).-
(A-dn-bp-I-:- A-√m-lp-hn-s\- A-\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥- A-h≥- \n-\-°v-
hn-th-Iw- \¬-I-s´-)-.-
"Io-gv-h-W-°w- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- am-{X-am-°n-s°m-≠v- \o- A-√m-lphn-
s\- B-cm-[n-°p-I'- F-∂-Xm-Wv- C-_v-d-m-lnw- \-_n-()-bp-sS- an√
Øm-b- l-\o-̂ n-øm- (t\-cm-b-)- a-Xw.- A-√m-lp- F-√m- a-\p-jy-tcmSpw-
I¬-]n-®-Xv- A-Xm-Wv.- A-Xn-\p-th-≠n-X-s∂-bm-Wv- A-h-sc-sb-√mw-
A-h≥- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xpw.- A-√-m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p:-
""F-\n-°v- am-{Xw- C-_m-Z-Øv- (B-cm-[-\)- sN-øm≥- th-≠n-b√m-
sX- a-\p-jy-scbpw- Pn-∂p-I-sf-bpw- Rm≥- kr-jv-Sn-®n-́ n-√''- (A-±mcn
bm-Øv-:56).-
""b-Av-_p-Z-q-\n''- (F-\n-°v- C-_m-Z-Øv- sN-øm≥)- F-∂v- ]-d-™m¬-
""bp-h-lv-ln-Zq-\n''- (F-s‚- G-I-Xzw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m≥)- F-∂m-W¿-
∞w.-
A-√m-lp- I¬-]n-®-Xn¬- G-‰-hpw- a-l-Øm-b-Xv- "Xu-lo-Zv'- BIp-
∂p.- A-Xm-b-Xv- C-_m-Z-Øv- (B-cm-[-\)- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- am-{X-am-bn-
]-cn-an-X-s]-Sp-ج.- A-√m-lp- hn-tc-m-[n-®-Xn¬- G-‰-hpw- Ku-c-hta-
dn-b-Xv- in¿-°m-Wv.- A-Y-hm- A-√m-lp-hn-t\m-sSm-∏w- A-h-\-√m-Ø-
h-sc- hn-fn-®v- {]m¿-∞n-°¬.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- t\m-°q:-
""\n-߃- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- C-_m-Z-Øv- sN-øp-I-bpw- A-h-t\m-Sv- bmsXm-
∂n-s\-bpw- ]-¶p-tN¿-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I''- (A-∂-n-kmDv :36).-
a-\p-jy≥- A-\n-hm-cy-am-bpw- a-\- n-em-°-n-bn-cn-t°-≠- aq-∂v- {]-
[m-\- X-Xz-߃- G-Xm-sW-∂v- \n-t∂m-Sv- tNm-Zn-°-s∏-´m¬- \o- ]-d-
tb-≠-Xv- C-Xm-Wv-:-
1.- A-Sn-a- X-s‚- c-£n-Xm-hn-s\- a-\- n-em-°p-I.-
2.- X-s‚- c-£n-Xm-hn-s‚- (C-jv-S)-a-X-sØ- a-\- n-em-°p-I.-
3.- X-s‚- c-£n-Xm-hn-s‚- Zq-X-s\- (d-kq-en-s\)- a-\- n-em-°pI.-
A-√m-lp-
\n-s‚- d-∫v- (c-£n-Xm-hv)- B-cm-sW-∂v- tNm-Zn-°-s∏-´m¬- \o- ]-
d-bp-I-:- ""F-s‚- d-∫v- A-√m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p.- A-Xm-b-Xv- F-s∂-bpw-
k¿-Δ-tem-I-sc-bpw- X-s‚- A-\p-{K-l-߃-sIm-≠v- t]m-‰n-h-f¿-Øp-
∂-h≥.- A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- F-s‚- B-cm-[y≥-;- A-h-\-√m-sX- F-\n-°v-
bm-sXm-cp- B-cm-[y-\p-an-√''.- C-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv,-
""k¿-Δ-kv-Xp-Xn-bpw- k¿-Δ-tem-I- c-£n-Xm-hm-b- A-√m-lp-hn-∂m-
Ip-∂p''- F-∂- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- h-N-\-am-Ip-∂p-''- (A¬ ̂ m-Xn-l-:1).-
A-√m-lp-h-√m-Ø-sX-√mw- "B-ew'- (tem-Iw)- F-∂-Xn¬-s]-Sp∂p.-
(A-Y-hm- A-h-s‚- krjv-Sn-I-fm-Ip-∂p).- Rm-\pw- B- kr-jv-Sn-Ifn¬-
H-cp-h-\m-Ip-∂p.-
""\o- \n-s‚- c-£n-Xm-hn-s\- F-ß-s\- a-\- n-em-°n''- F-∂v- \nt∂m-
Sv- tNm-Zn-°-s∏-́ m¬- \o- C-{]-Im-cw- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bp-I-:- ""B- c£nXm-
hn-s‚- kr-jv-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-am-Wv- (Rm≥-
22 23
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
A-h-s\- a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xv)-.- cm-{Xn-bpw- ]-I-epw- kq-cy-\pw- N-{μ\pw-
A-h-s‚- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬- s]-´-Xm-Wv.- G-gv- B-Im-i-ß-fpw- G-gv-
`q-an-I-fpw- A-h-bv-°n-S-bn-ep-≈-Xp-a-s√mw- A-h-s‚- kr-jv-Sn-I-fn¬-
s]-́ -X-s{X-!- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-X-ß-f-m-Wv- A-Xn-\p≈-
sX-fn-hv-:-
""A-h-s‚- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬-s∏-́ -X-s{X cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- kq-cy\pw-
N-{μ-\p-w-.- kq-cy-t∂-m- N-{μ-t∂m- \n-߃- {]-Wm-aw- sN-ø-cp-Xv.- Ahsb-
kr-jv-Sn-®-h-\m-b- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- \n-߃- {]-Wm-aw- sN-øp-I-;- \n߃-
A-h-s\-bm-Wv- B-cm-[n-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬.''-- (A¬ ^p- zn-e-Xv-:37).-
""X-o¿-®-bm-bpw- \n-ß-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hv- B-dpZn-h-k-ß-fn-em-bn
B-Im-i-ß-fpw- ̀ q-an-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®-h-\m-b- A-√m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p.- F∂n-
-́h≥- knw-lm-k-\-kv-Y-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- cm-{Xn-sb- sIm-≠-h≥- ]Ien-
s\- aq-Sp-∂p.- {Zp-X-K-Xn-bn¬- A-Xv- ]-I-en-s\- tXSn-sN-√-p-∂p. kqcy-
s\-bpw- N-{μ-s\-bpw- \-£-{X-ß-sf-bpw- X-s‚- I¬-]-\-°v- hn-t[bam-
°-s∏-´- \n-e-bn¬- (A-h≥- kr-jv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p)- A-dnbpI:- kr-jv
Sn-∏pw- im-k-\m-[n-Im-c-hp-w- A-h-∂p- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- temI-c£n-Xmhm-
b- A-√m-lp- a-l-Xz-]q¿-Æ-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.''-- (A¬ A-Av-dm-^v-:54).-
c-£n-Xm-hv- (d-∫v)- B-cm-tWm- A-h-\m-Wv- b-Ym¿-∞- B-cm-[y≥
A-Y-hm- "A¬- a-Av-_-Zv'-.- A-√m-lp-X-s∂- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""P-\-ß-tf-!- \n-ß-sf-bpw- \n-ß-fp-sS- ap≥-Km-an-I-sf-bpw- kr-jvSn-
® \n-ß-fp-sS- \m-Y-s\- \n-߃- B-cm-[n-°p-hn≥.- \n-߃- tZm-j
_m-[-sb- kq-£n-(®v- Po-hn)-°p-hm≥- th-≠n-b-s{X- A-Xv.- \n-߃°v-
th-≠n- ̀ q-an-sb- sa-Ø-bpw- B-Im-i-sØ- ta¬-]p-c-bp-am-°n-Ø-cnI-
bpw- B-Im-i-Øp- \n-∂v- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-™p X-∂n-´v- A-Xp-ap-tJ\-
\n-߃-°p- ̀ -£n-°p-hm-\p-≈- Im-bv-I-\n-Iƒ- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-®p- X-cnI-
bpw- sN-bv-X- (\m-Y-s\)-.- A-Xn-\m¬- (C-sX-√mw)- A-dn-™p- sIm≠v-
\n-߃- A-√m-lp-hn\v- k-a-∑m-sc- D-≠m-°-cp-Xv-''- (A¬-_-J-d-:21,22).-
C-_v-\p-I-ko¿-( -) -]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""Cu- h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS-sb-√mw- {k-
jv-Sm-hv- B-cm-tWm- A-h\m-Wv- b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬- C-_m-Z-Øn-\v- (B-
cm-[-\-°v)- A¿-l≥.-
C-_m-Z-Øn-s‚- C-\-߃-
"C-kv-emw'-- (k-a¿∏-Ww),- "Cu-am≥'-- (k-Xy-hn-izm-kw),- "C-lvkm≥'-
(ssZ-h-̀ -b-tØm-sS-bp-≈- kp-IrXw-),- "Zp-B' -({]m¿-∞-\),- "Ju v̂'-
( -̀bw-),- "dPm-Dv'-- ({]-Xo-£-),- "X-h-°p¬'-- ( -̀c-ta¬-]n-°¬),- "d-Kv-_Xv'-
(B-{K-lw),- "d-lv-_-Xv-'- (t]-Sn-),- "Jp-iq-Dv- ( -̀Iv-Xn),- "J-iv-b-Xv'-- (`oXn),-
"C-\m-_-Xv'- (Xm-gv-a),- "C-kv-Xn-B-\'-- (k-lm-bw),- "C-kv-Xn-B-Z-Xv-'-
(A -̀b-w- tXS¬-),- "C-kv-Xn-Km-Y'-- (k-lm-bm-̀ y¿-∞-\-),- "Z-_v-lv'-- (_en),-
"\-Zv¿-'- (t\¿-®)....- Xp-S-ß-n- A-√m-lp- I¬-]n-®- C-_m-Z-Øn-s‚- F√m-
C-\-ß-fpw- A-√m-lp-hn-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""\n-iv-N-bw,- ]-≈n-Iƒ A-√m-lp-hn-\-p-≈-Xm-Wv. A-Xn-\m¬- \n߃-
24 25
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
A-√m-lp-th-sSm-∏w- B-sc-bpw- hn-fn-®p- {]m¿-∞n-°-cp-Xv-''- (A¬
Pn∂v-:-18).-
C-_m-Z-Øn¬-\n-∂v- h-√-Xpw- A-√m-lp-h-√m-Ø-h¿-°v- A-¿∏n®m
¬- A-h≥- "Im-̂ n-dpw'- (k-Xy-\-n-tj-[n)- "apiv-cn-°pw'- (_-lp-ssZhm-
cm-[-I≥)- B-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I:-
""h-√-h-\pw- A-√m-lp-thm-sSm-∏w- a-‰p-h-√- ssZ-h-sØ-bpw- hnfn®v
{]m¿-∞n-°p-∂- ]-£w-̨ A-Xn-\v- A-h-s‚- ]-°¬- bm-sXm-cp- {]amW-
hpw- C-√- X-s∂-̨ A-h-s‚- hn-Nm-c-W- A-h-s‚- c-£n-Xm-hn-s‚- ASp-
°¬- sh-®p- X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw.- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- hn-P-bw- {]m]n-
°p-I-b-n-√;- Xo¿-®--''- (A¬ ap-Av-an-\q≥-:117).-
H-cp- \-_n-h-N-\-Øn¬- C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw-:-
""{]m¿-∞-\- C-_mZ-Øn-s‚- a-Pv-P-bm-Ip-∂p''-(1)- (Xn¿-an-Zn-)-C-Xn\p-
≈- {]m¿-∞-\- B-cm[-\-bm-sW-∂p-≈-Xn-\p-≈-)- sX-fn-hv- C-XmIp∂p.-
""\n-ß-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hv- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p-:- \n߃- F-t∂m-Sv-
{]m¿-∞n-°q. Rm≥- \n-߃-°p D-Ø-cw- \¬-Imw.- F-s∂- Bcm[n°m
-sX- A-l-¶m-cw- \-Sn-°p-∂-hcm-tcm- A-h¿- h-gn-sb- \n-μy-cm-bn-s°m-
≠v- \-c-I-Øn¬- {]-th-in-°p-∂-Xm-Wv-;- Xo¿®''-- -(A¬ Km-^n¿:60)-
(C-hn-sS- B-Zyw- ]-d-™- "F-t∂m-Sv- {]m¿-∞n-°q-'- F-∂-Xn-s\-
Ip-dn-®v- X-s∂-bm-Wv- ]n-∂o-Sv- "F-s∂- B-cm-[n-°p-∂-Xn¬- \n-∂v'-
F-∂v- ]-d-™-Xv-˛hn-h¿-Ø-I≥-.)- ta¬-]-d-™-h- (`-bw,- {]-Xo-£,-
`-c-ta¬]n-°¬....)-sb-√mw- C-_m-Z-Øn¬- s]-´-Xm-Wv- F-∂-Xn-s‚-
sX-fn-hpIƒ- C-\n- ]-d-bp-∂- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-ß-f-s{X:--
""....-\n-߃ A-h-sc- `-b-s∏-Sm-sX- F-s∂- `-b-s∏-Sp-I.- \n-߃-
k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW-¶n¬''- (B-ep-Cw-dm≥-:175).-
{]-Xo-£
"".....--B-I-bm¬- h-√-h-\pw- X-s‚- c-£n-Xm-hp-am-bn I-≠p-ap-́ -Wsa-
∂v B-{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-h≥- k¬-I¿-Ωw- {]-h¿Øn°pIbpw,-
X-s‚- c-£n-Xm-hn-\p-≈- B-cm-[-\-bn¬- bm-sXm-∂n-s\-bpw- ]-¶p-
tNm¿-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≈-s´.''-- (A¬-I-lv-^v-:-110).-
`-c-ta¬-]n-°¬
"X-h-°p-en'-s‚- sX-fn-hv- C-Xm-Wv:-
""....-\n-߃- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW-¶n¬- A-√m-lp-hn¬- \n-߃-
`-c-ta¬-]n-°p-I''- (am-C-Z-:-23).-
a-s‰m-cn-S-Øv- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- C-ß-s\-bm-Wv-:-
""B-sc-¶n-epw- A-√m-lp-hn¬- `-c-ta¬-∏n-°p-∂- ]-£w- A-h-∂v-
A-√m-lp- X-s∂- a-Xnbm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv-''- (A-Ø-z-em-Jv-:3).-
B-{K-lw-,- `-Iv-Xn
C-sX-√mw- B-cm-[-\-bn-epƒ-s∏-´-Xm-Wv- F-∂-Xn-s‚- sX-fn-hv-
Xmsg- ]-d-bp-∂- h-N-\-am-Wv.-
1.- Cu- l-Zo-kn-s‚- ]-c-º-c- (k-\-Zv)- Zp¿-_-e-am-sW-∂pw- ]-c-º-c-bn¬- "C-_v-\p-e-lo-A'- F-∂- a-\-]m-T-i-Iv-Xn- tam-i-am-b- dn-t∏m¿-´-dp-s≠-∂pw- {]-ap-J- ap-l±n-km-b- A¬-_m-\n- hy-Iv-X-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- F-∂m¬- "{]m¿-∞-\- A-Xp-X-s∂bm-Wv- B-cm-[-\'- (A-±p-B-D- l-h¬- C-_m-Zx)- F-∂- dn-t∏m¿-´v- {]-_-e-am-bXm-Wv- (an-iv-Im-Xv- 2230,- 2231)- 2:-693)- t\m-°-p-I.-
26 27
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
"".....- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-h¿- ({]-hm-N-I-∑m¿)- D-Ø-a- Im-cy-߃°v-
[r-Xn-Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw,- B-i-n-®p-sIm-≠pw- t]-Sn-®p-sIm-≠pw- \-tΩmSv-
{]m¿-∞n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p.- A-h¿- \-tΩm-Sv- Xm-gv-a-
Im-Wn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p-'-'- (A¬ A-ºn-Av-:90).-
`o-Xn
A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""....-F-∂m¬- \n-߃- A-h-sc- `-b-s∏-Sm-sX- F-s∂ `-b-s∏-
SpI.....''- (A¬-_-J-d-:-150).-
X-m-gv-a-
""\n-߃-°v- in-£- h-s∂-Øp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºm-bn- \n-߃- \n-ßfp-
sS- c-£n-Xm-hn-¶-te-°v Xm-gv-a-tbm-sS- a-S-ßp-I-bpw,- A-h-∂p- Iogvs∏-
Sp-I-bpw- sN-øp-hn≥.- ]n-s∂- (A-Xv- h-∂-Xn-\v- ti-jw)- \n-߃-
klm-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√''- (A- p-a¿-:54).-
k-lm-bw- tX-S¬-
""\n-s∂- am-{Xw R-߃- B-cm-[n-°p-∂p-.- \n-t∂m-Sv- am-{Xw-
R߃- k-lm-bw- tX-S-p-∂p''- (A¬ ^m-Xn-l-:-5).-
H-cp- l-Zo-kn¬- C-{]-Im-cw- h-∂n-´p-≠v.-
""\o- k-lm-bw- tX-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬- A-√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sv- k-lm-
bw- tX-Sp-I-''-(1)-.-
A-`-bw- tX-S¬-
Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-°p-∂- h-N-\-ß-fm-Ip-∂p- C-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv:-
""\-_n-tb-!- Xm-¶ƒ- ]-d-bp-I-:- ]p-e-cn-bp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn¬- Rm≥-
A-`-bw- tX-Sp-∂p''- (A¬ ^-e-Jv-:1).-
""\-_n-tb-!- ]-d-bp-I-:- P-\-ß-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv- Rm≥- A`bw-
tX-Sp-∂p''- (A-∂m-kv-:1)-.-
C-kv-Xn-Km-Y-
A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""\n-߃- \n-ßfp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn-\m-Sv- k-lm-bw- tX-Sn-bn-cp-∂-
k-μ¿-`w- (Hm¿-°p-I)- Xp-S-sc-Øp-S-sc-bm-bn- B-bn-cw- a-e-°p-I-sf-
A-b-®p-sIm-≠v- Rm≥- \n-߃-°v- k-lm-bw- \¬-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv- F∂v-
A-h≥- A-t∏mƒ- \n-߃-°v- a-dp-]-Sn- \¬-In''- (A¬ A≥-̂ m¬:9).-
_-en-I¿-aw-
A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""]-d-bp-I-:- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- F-s‚- {]m¿-∞-\-bpw- F-s‚- B-cm-[-
\m-I¿-Ω-ß-fpw-,- F-s‚- Po-hn-X-hpw,- F-s‚- a-c-W-hpw- tem-I-c-£nXm-
1.- Xn¿-an-Xn- (2516)- A-lv-a-Zv- (2537),- kz-lo-lp¬- Pm-an-Av-(7957)
28 29
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
hm-b- A-√m-lp-hn-\p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.- A-h-∂v- ]-¶p-Im-tc-bn-√.- A-{]Im-
c-am-Wv- Rm≥- I¬-]n-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- (A-h-∂v)- Io-gv-s]-Sp-∂h-
cn¬- Rm≥- H-∂m-a-\m-Wv.-''- (A¬ A≥-Bw-:162:-163).--
\-_n-()- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""A-√m-lp- A-√-m-Ø-h¿-°v- th-≠n- _-en- A-dp-Ø-h-s\- A-√mlp-
i-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p''-(1)-.-
t\¿-®-
A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""A-h≥- t\¿-®- \n-d-th-‰p-I-bpw- B-]-Øv- ]-S¿-∂p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-
H-cp- Zn-h-k-sØ-- ̀ -b-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xm-Wv''- (A¬ C≥km≥:7).-
2. C-kv-emw-
sX-fn-hp-I-fp-sS- ]n≥-_-e-tØm-sS- C-kv-em-an-s\- a-\- n-em-°pI-
F-∂-Xm-Wv- c-≠m-a-sØ- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xzw.-
A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- G-I-Xzw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v- A-h-∂v- kz-bw-
k-a¿-∏n-°p-I-bpw- ]p-Wy-I¿-a-߃- {]-h¿-Øn-®p-sIm-≠v- A-h-∂v-
Io-gv-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- in¿-°n-t\m-Spw- in¿-°n-s‚- B-fp-I-tfm-Spw- _-\v[-
hn-tO-Zw- \-S-Øp-I-bpw- sN-øp-I- F-∂-Xm-Wvv-.- A-Xn-\v- aq-∂v- ]Zhn-
I-fp-≠v-:-
1.- C-kv-emw- (k-a¿-∏-Ww).-
2.- Cu-am≥- (k-Xy-hn-izm-kw).-
3.- Clv-km≥- (ssZ-h- `-b-tØm-sS-bp-≈- kp-Ir-Xw).-
C-h- Hm-tcm-∂n-\pw- Nn-e- "dp-Iv-\p-Iƒ'- (kvXw-`-߃)- D-≠v.-
C-kv-emw- Im-cy-߃-
C-kv-em-an-s‚- A-Sn-kvYm-\- kv-Xw-`-߃- A-©m-Ip-∂p-:
1.- A-√m-lp-h-√m-sX- Bcm-[-\-°¿-l-\n-s√-∂pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
\_n( )- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- Zq-X-\m-sW-∂p-ap-≈- k-Xy-
km£yw.-
2.- A-©p-t\-c-sØ- \-a-kv-Im-cw- Ir-Xy-ambn- \n¿-h-l-n-°¬-.-
3.- k-Im-Øv- \¬-I¬- ([-\-ap-≈-h¿)-.-
4.- "d-a-Zm≥'- am-k-Øn¬- t\m-ºv- ({h-Xw)- A\p-jv-Tn-°¬-.-
5.- I-gn-hp-≈≥- hn-ip-≤- I-Av-_-Øn-¶¬- t]m-bn- l÷-v- \n¿-
hln°¬.-
C-\n,- C-h- Hm-tcm-∂n-\p-ap-≈- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- {i-≤n-°p-I:-
H-∂m-a-sØ- k-m£y-hm-Iyw- (em- C-em-l- C-√-√m-lv)-.-
A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""Xm-\-√m-sX- H-cp- ssZ-h-hp-an-s√-∂-Xn-\v- A-√m-lp- km-£yw-
h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- a-e-°p-I-fpw A-dn-hp-≈-h-cpw- (A-Xn-\-v- km-£nI-
fm-Ip-∂p)- A-h≥- \o-Xn- \n¿-h-ln-°p-∂-h-\-s{X-.- A-h-\-√m-sX- ssZ-
h-an-√.- {]-Xm-]n-bpw- bp-Iv-Xn-am-\p-a-s{X- A-h≥''- (B-ep-Cw-dm≥-:18).
""em- C-em-l- C-√-√m-lv'- F-∂- km-£y-hm-Iy-Øn-s‚- A¿-∞w-
""em- a-Av-_q-Z-_n- l-Izn≥- C-√-√m-lv'- (b-Ym¿-∞- B-cm-[y-\m-bn-
A-√m-lp-h-√m-sX- a‰m-cp-an-√)- F-∂m-Ip-∂p.-
"em- C-em-l-'- (bm-sXm-cp- B-cm-[y-\p-an-√)- F-∂- hm-Iyw- A√m
lp-hn-\v- ]p-d-sa- B-cm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- F-√m-‰n-s\-bpw- \n-tj-[n-°p∂-
hm-Iy-am-Wv.- ]n-∂o-Sv- ]-d-bp-∂- "C-√-√-m-lv-'- (A-√m-lp- H-gn-sI)- F∂-
kv-Yn-coI-c-W- hm-Iy-am-I-s -́ bm-sXm-cp- ]-¶pIm-cp-an-√-m-sX- "C-_mZ-
Øn-s\'- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- am-{X-am-°n- ]-cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- sNøp-
∂p.- cm-Pm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- bm-sXm-cp- ]-¶p-Im-cp-an√m
Ø-t]m-se-X-s∂- B-cm-[-\-bn-epw- A-h-∂v- bm-sXm-cp- ]-¶p-Im-
cpan√.-
Cu- km-£y-hm-Iy-Øn-s‚- hym-Jym-\w- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂- Nn-e-
Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-߃- {i-≤n-°p-I.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-1. ap-kv-enw-˛(1978)- (In-Xm-_p¬- A-Zm-lo)-,- an-iv-Im-Xv- (4070)-.-
30 31
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
""C-_v-dm-low- X-s‚- ]n-Xm-hn-t\m-Spw P-\-ß-tfm-Spw- C-{]-Im-cw-
]-d-™- k-μ¿-̀ w- ({i-t≤-b-am-Ip-∂p)-:- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- Rm≥- \n-߃-
B-cm-[n-°p-∂-Xn¬- \n-∂v- H-gn-™v- \n¬-°p-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p.- F-s∂-
kr-jv-Sn-®-h-s\m-gn-sI-.- Im-c-Ww Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-h-s\-\n-°v- am¿K-
Z¿-i-\w- \-¬-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- ]n≥-Km-an-Iƒ- (k-XyØn-
te-°v-)- a-S-tß-≠-Xn-\m-bn- A-Xn-s\- (B- {]-Jym-]-\-sØ)- A-t±lw-
A-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- H-cp- h-N-\-a-m-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp''-
(A- -p-Jv-dp-^v-:- 26˛28).-
B-epCw-dm-\n¬- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- t\m-°q-:-
""\-_n-tb-!- ]-d-bp-I-:- th-Z-°m-tc-;- R-߃-°pw- \n-߃-°p-an-S-
bn¬- k-a-am-bp-≈ H-cp- hm-I-y-Øn-te-°v- \n-߃- h-cp-hn¬-.- AXmb-
Xv- A-√m-lp-sh- A-√m-sX- \mw- B-cm-[n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw-,- Ah-
t\m-Sv- bm-sXm-∂-n-s\-bpw- ]-¶p- tN¿-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- \-Ω-fn¬-
Nn-e¿- Nn-e-sc- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-d-sa- c-£n-Xm-°fm-°m-Xn-cn-°pI-
bpw- sN-øp-I (F-∂ X-Xz-Øn-te-°v)-.- F-∂n-́ v- A-h¿- ]n-¥n-cn™p-
I-f-bp-∂- ]-£w- \n-߃- ]-d-bp-I-:- R-߃- (A-√m-lp-hn-\v-)- Iogvs∏-
-́h-cm-Wv- F-∂-Xn-∂v- \n-߃- km-£yw- h-ln-®p-sIm-≈p-I''- (Bep-
Cw-dm≥-:- 64).-
c-≠m-a-sØ- km-£-y-hm-Iyw- (ap-l-a-Zp¿-d-d-kq-ep-√m-lv)-
"ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-()- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- Zq-X-\m-sW-∂'- c-≠mw- km
£y-hm-Iy-Øn-s‚- sX-fn-hv- X-m-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-amWv.-
""Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- \n-߃-°n-Xm- \n-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-X-s∂-bp-≈- Hcp-
Zq-X≥- h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.- \n-߃- I-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- k-ln-°m≥- I-gn
bm-Ø-h-\pw,- \n-ß-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- A-Xo-h- Xm¬-]-cy-ap-≈-h\pw,-
k-Xy-hn-izm-k-n-I-tfm-Sv- A-Xy-¥w- Z-bm-ep-hpw- Im-cp-Wy-hm-\p-amWv-
A-t±-lw''- (A-Ø-u-_-:-128).-
"ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-()- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- Zq-X-\m-sW-∂- km-£yw- h
ln-°p-I'- F-∂-Xn-s‚- A¿-∞w,- A-hn-Sp-∂v- I¬-]n-®-sXm-s°- A\p-
k-cn-°p-I-;- A-hn-Sp-∂v- hn-tcm-[n-®-sX-√mw- sh-Sn-bp-I-;- A-hn-Sp-∂v-
]-Tn-∏n-®- co-Xn-bn-eq-sS-b-√m-sX- A-√m-lp-hn-s\- B-cm-[n-°m-Xn-cn°p-
I- F-s∂-√m-am-Wv.-
\-a-kv-Im-cw,- k-Im-Ø-v-
\-a-kv-Im-cw,- k-Im-Ø-v- F-∂n-h-bp-sS- sXfn-hpw- Xu-lo-Zn-s‚-
hym-Jym-\-hpw- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- H-cp- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xw- {i-≤n-°pI:-
""Iogv-h-W-°w- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- am-{X-am-°n-s°m-≠v- E-Pp-a-\-kvI-
cm-b- \n-e-bn¬- A-h-s\- B-cm-[n-°p-hm-\pw-,- \-a-kv-Im-cw- \n-e-\n¿-
Øp-hm-\pw-,- k-Im-Øv- \¬-Ip-hm-\pw- A-√m-sX- A-h-tcm-Sv- I¬-]n-
°-s∏-´n-´n-√.- A-X-s{X- h-{I-X-bn-√m-Ø- a-Xw''- (A¬-_øn-\-:-5).-
t\m-ºv- ({h-Xm-\p-jv-Tm-\w)-
t\m-ºn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- h-N-\-am-Wv-:-
32 33
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
""k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf,- \n-ß-fp-sS- ap-ºp-≈-h-tcm-Sv- I¬-]n-°-s∏ -́
Xp-t]m-seØ-s∂- \n-߃-°pw- t\m-ºv- \n¿-_-‘-am-bn- I¬-]n°-
s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p.- \n-߃- tZm-j-_m-[-sb- kq-£n-°p-hm≥- th-≠nb-
s{X- A-Xv-''- (A¬-_-J-d:183).
l÷-vv- (a-°-bn-te-°p-≈- Xo¿-∞m-S-\w)-
l-÷-n-s\-°-p-dn-®v- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
"".....- B- a-μn-c-Øn-¶¬- (I-Av-_-Øn-¶¬)- F-Øn-t®-cm≥- I-gn-
hp-≈- a-\p-jy¿ A-Xn-te-°v- Xo¿-∞m-S-\w- \-S-ج- A-h¿-°v- A√m-
lp-th-m-Sp-≈- _m-≤-y-X-bm-Ip-∂p.- h√-h-\pw- A-hn-iz-kn-°p-∂- ]
£w- A-√m-lp- tem-I-cp-sS- B-{i-bw- C-√m-Ø-h-\m-Ip∂p''- (Bep-
Cw-dm≥-:-97).-
Cuam≥- (hn-izm-k)-Im-cy-߃-
(a-X-Øn-s‚- c-≠m-a-sØ- hn-`m-K-am-b)- ""Cu-am≥''- (hn-izm-kw)-
F-gp-]-Xn¬-]-cw- im-J-I-fp-≈-Xm-Wv.- A-Xn¬- G-‰-hpw- D-∂-X-ambXv-
"em- C-em-l- C-√-√m-lv'- F-∂- h-N-\-hpw,- G-‰-hpw- Xm-gv-∂- ]-Zhnbn-
ep-≈-Xv- h-gn-bn¬-\n-∂v- D-]-{Z-h-߃- \o-°w- sN-øp-I- F-∂-Xp-amWv.-
e-Pv-P- Cu-am-\n-s‚- H-cp- im-J-bm-Wp-Xm-\pw''.--(1)- ("A-dp-]-Xn¬-]-cw-
im-J-Iƒ'- F-∂- dn-t∏m¿-́ pw- kz-lo-lm-Wv).- F-¶n-epw- H-cp- lZokn-
\v- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b- c-≠v- dn-t∏mƒ-´p-Iƒ- h-∂m¬- c-≠pw- tbm-Pn∏n
°p-I-bm-Wv- th-≠-Xv.- H-∂n-en-√m-Ø- Im-cyw- a-t‰-Xn¬- h-∂m¬-
"h¿-≤-\-hv'- dn-t∏m¿-´v- sN-bv-Xbmƒ- {]-_-e-\m-sW-¶n¬- B- h¿≤-
\-hpw- kz-Io-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.- A-Xn-\m¬- C-hn-sS- D-≤-cn-®- F-gp]Xn
¬-∏-cw- F-∂- dn-t∏m¿-́ n-\m-Wv- ap≥-K-W-\- I¬-]n-t°-≠-sX-∂v- A-
√m-am- A¬-_m-\n- Im-cy-Im-c-W- k-ln-Xw- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®n-́ p-≠v (kn¬-
kn-e-Øp- z-lo-l-:-1769).-
Cu-am-\n-s‚- {]-[m-\- L-S-I-߃- B-dm-Ip-∂p-:-
1.- A-√m-lp-hn-ep-≈- hn-izm-kw.-
2.- A-h-s‚- a-e-°p-I-fn-ep-≈- hn-izm-kw-.-
3.- A-h-s‚- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn-ep-≈- hn-izm-kw.-
4.- A-h-s‚- Zq-X-∑m-cn-ep-≈- hn-izm-kw.-
5.- A-¥y-\m-fn-ep-≈- hn-izm-kw.-
6.- \-∑-bpw- Xn-∑-bpw- A-√m-lp-hn¬- \n-∂m-sW-∂-̨ hn-[n-bn-ep≈-
˛ hn-izm-kw.-
Xm-sg-bp-≈- Jp¿-B-\n-I- kq-Iv-X-am-Wv- Cu- B-dv- L-S-I-߃°p-
≈- sX-fn-hv.-
A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""\n-ß-fp-sS- ap-J-߃- In-g-t°m-t´m ]-Sn-™m-tdm-t´m- Xn-cn-°pI-
F-∂-X-√- ]p-Wyw.- F-∂m¬- A-√m-lp-hn-epw,-- A-¥y-Zn-\-Øn-epw-
a-e-°p-I-fnepw,- th-Z-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-epw {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn-epw- hn-iz-kn-
°p-I-bpw- .......- Ah-cm-Ip-∂p- ]p-W-y-hm-∑m¿''- (A¬-_-J-d-:177).
hn-[n-hn-izm-kw-
A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
1. ap-kv-enw- ˛ (58)- In-Xm-_p¬- Cu-am≥.-
34 35
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
""Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- F-√m- h-kv-Xp-°-sf-bpw- \mw- kr-jv-Sn-®n-́ p-≈Xv-
H-cp- hy-h-kv-Y- {]-Im-c-am-Ip-∂p''- (A¬-J-_d-:-49).-
C-lv-km≥- (kp-Ir-Xw-)-
"C-lv-km≥'- F-∂m¬- ""\o- A-√m-lp-hn-s\-- - (Im-Wp-∂-Xp-t]mse)-
\o- A-h-s\- B-cm-[n-°-em-Wv.- \o- A-√m-lp-hn-s\- Im-Wp-∂n-s√¶n-
epw- A-√m-lp- \n-s∂- Im-Wp-∂p-≠v''.- C-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv- Xm-sg-
]-d-bp-∂- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-X-am-Wv.-
""Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-√m-lp- kq-£v-a-X- ]m-en-®-htcm-sSm-∏-am-Ip∂p;-
k-Zv-hr-Ø-cm-bn-´p-≈-h-tcm-sSm-∏-hpw''-(A-∂-lv¬-:-128).-
a-s‰m-cn-S-Øv- A-√m-lp- C-ß-s\- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""-{]-Xm-]n-bpw- I-cp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-am-bn-́ p-≈-h-s\- \o- ̀ -c-ta¬-]n°p-
I-bpw- sN-øp-I-; \o- \n-∂v- {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂- k-a-b-Øv- \n-s∂- ImWp-
∂-h-\-s{X- A-h≥.- km-jv-Smw-Kw- sN-øp-∂-h-cp-sS- Iq-´-Øn-ep-≈-
\n-s‚- N-e-\-hpw- (Im-Wp-∂-h≥).-- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-h≥- F-√mw-
tIƒ-°p-∂-h-\pw- A-dn-bp-∂-h-\p-a-sX''- (A-»-p-A-dm-A-v-:-217˛220).-
a-s‰m-cp- h-N-\-Øn¬- C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw-:-
""\-_n-tb,- \o- \-√- Im-cy-Øn-epw- G¿-s∏-Sp-I-tbm,- A-Xn-s\-
]‰n- Jp¿-B-\n¬-\n-∂v- h-√-Xpw- Hm-Xn-t°ƒ-]n-°p-I-tbm,- \n߃-
G-sX-¶n-epw- {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn¬- G¿-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- sN-øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬-
\n-ß-f-Xn¬- ap-gp-Ip-∂- k-a-b-Øv- \n-ß-fp-sS- ta¬- km-£n-bm-bn-
\mw- D-≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-I-bn-√....''- (bq-\p-kv-:-61).-
"kp-∂-Øn'¬-\n-∂p-≈- sX-fn-hv- D-a-dp-_v-\p¬- J-Xzm-_n-()¬-
\n-∂pw- D-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw- "l-Zokv- Pn-_v-co¬'- F-∂- t-]cn¬-
{]-kn-≤-am-b-Xp-am-b- l-Zo-km-Wv.- {]-kv-Xp-X- l-Zo-kv- C-{]-Im-c-amWv:-
""D-a¿-()- ]-d-b-p-∂p-:- ""H-cn-°-¬- \-_n-()-bp-sS- A-Sp-Øv- C-cn°p-
tºmƒ- \-√- sh-≈- \n-d-Øn-ep-≈- h-kv-{Xw- [-cn-®,- X-e-ap-Sn- \-√
t]m-se- I-dp-Ø- H-cmƒ- R-ß-fp-sS- A-Sp-tØ-°v- I-S-∂p-h-∂p.- bm{X-
bp-sS- H-cp- A-S-bm-f-hpw- A-bm-fn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂n-√-;- R-ß-fn¬-
H-cm-fpw-X-s∂- A-bm-sf- A-dn-bp-I-bp-an-√.- A-ß-s\- A-bƒ- \-_n
()-bp-sS- A-Sp-Øv- h-∂n-cp-∂p- \-_n-()-bp-sS- Im¬-ap-´p-I-tfm-Sv-
A-bm-fp-sS- c-≠v- Im¬-ap-´p-I-fpw- tN¿-Øp-sh®-p.- A-bm-fp-sS- c≠v-
36 37
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
ssI-∏-S-ß-fpw- \-_n-()-bp-sS- c-≠v- Im¬-Xp-S-bn-epw- sh-®p.- F∂n v́-
A-bmƒ- ]-d-™p-:- ""ap-l-Ω-tZ-!- C-kv-em-an-s\-°p-dn-®v- F-\n-°v- ]-d-
™v- X-cn-I''.- A-t∏mƒ- \-_n-()- ]-d-™p-Xp-S-ßn-:- (C-kv-emw- F∂m
¬)- "A-√m-lp-h-√m-sX- B-cm-[-\-°¿-l-\n-s√-∂pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-()-
A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- Zq-X-\m-sW-∂pw- \o- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-I-;- \o- \akv-
Im-cw- ap-d-t]m-se- \n¿-h-ln-°p-I,- k-Im-Xv- sIm-Sp-°p-I,- d-a-Zm-\n¬-
{h-Xw- A-\p-jv-Tn-°p-I,- \n-\-°v- km-[n-®m¬- \o- I-Av-_-Øn-¶¬-
t]m-bn- l-Pv- sN-øp-I''- F-∂o- Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv.-
A-t∏mƒ- A-bmƒ- ]-d-™p-:- ""Xm-¶ƒ- k-Xyw- ]-d-™n-cn-°p∂p''.-
C-bm-fp-sS- tNm-Zy-hpw- d-kq-en-s‚- a-dp-]-Sn-bpw- Xp-S¿-∂p-≈- A-bmfp-
sS- k-Xy-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-sa-√mw- I-≠v- R-߃- A-Xn-i-bn-®p-t]m-bn.-
]n-∂o-Sv- A-bmƒ- tNm-Zn-®p-:- ""F-\n-°v- Cu-am-\n-s\-]-‰n- ]-d-™p-X-
cn-I''.- A-t∏mƒ- \-_n-()- ]-d-™p-:- (Cu-am≥- F-∂m¬)- "\o- A√m-
lp-hn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-;- A-h-s‚- a-e-°p-I-fn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-;- Ah-
s‚- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-;- A-h-s‚- Zq-X-∑m-cn¬- hniz-
kn-°p-I-;- A-¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-;- hn-[n-bn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-
I-;- A-Xm-b-Xv- \-∑-bpw- X-n-∑-bpw- A-√m-lp-hn¬- \n-∂m-sW-∂v- hniz-
kn-°p-I- F-∂o- Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv''-.- ]n-∂o-Sv- A-bmƒ- ]-d-™p-:- ""F\n-
°v- "C-lv-km-\ns\-'-Ip-dn-®v- ]-d-™p-X-∂m-epw''-.- A-t∏mƒ- \-_n()-
]-d-™p-:- ""(C-lv-km≥- F-∂m¬- \o- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- C-_m-Z-Øv- sNø-
em-Wv;- \-o- A-h-s\- Im-Wp-∂p-s≠-∂-t]m-se-;- \o- A-h-s\- ImWp-
∂n-s√-¶n-epw- A-h≥- \n-s∂- Im-Wp-∂-p-≠v''.-
]n-∂o-Sv- A-bmƒ- tNm-Zn-®-Xv- A-¥y-k-a-b-sØ- Ip-dn-®m-bn-cp-∂p.-
A-t∏mƒ- \-_n-()- ]-d-™p-:- A-Xn-s\-°-p-dn-®v- tNm-Zy-I¿-Øm-hns\-
°mƒ- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- tNm-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- bm-sXm-cp- Adnhp-
an-√.''-- A-t∏mƒ- A-bmƒ- ]-d-™p-:- ""F-¶n¬- A-Xn-s‚- Nn-e- ASbmf-
ß-sf-¶n-epw- ]-d-™p-X-cn-I'-'.- A-t∏mƒ- \-_n-()- ]-d-™p-:- ""ASna-
kv-{Xo- A-h-fp-sS- b-P-am-\- kv-{Xo-sb- {]-k-hn-°p-I.- th-≠-{X- hkv-
{X-an-√m-Ø-h-cpw- ]m-Z-c-£-I-fn-√m-Ø-h-cpw- Z-cn-{Z-cpw- B-́ n-S-b-∑mcp-
am-b- B-fp-Iƒ- h-en-b- sI-́ n-Sß-fp-≠m-°p-∂n¬- ]-c-kv-]-cw- a-Xvk-
cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- A-¥y-k-a-bw- A-S-p-Øp-h-cp∂-
Xn-s‚- A-S-bm-f-߃....''.-
D-a¿-()- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ti-jw- A-bmƒ- kv-Y-ew- hn-́ p.- A¬-]-t\cw-
R-߃- A-hn-sS-X-s∂- X-ßn.- A-t∏mƒ- \-_n-()- tNm-Zn-®p-:- ""Datd!-
B- tNm-Zy-I¿-Øm-hv- B-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- \n-߃-°-dn-bp-tam?- R-
߃- ]-d-™p-:- ""A-√m-lp-hpw- A-h-s‚- d-kq-ep-am-Wv- G-‰-hpw- Adn-
bp-∂-h¿'-'.- A-t∏mƒ- \-_n-()- ]-d-™p-:- ""A-Xv- Pn-_v-co¬- ()-
F-∂- a-e-°m-bn-cp-∂p-;- \n-߃-°v- \n-ßp-sS- Zo-\n-s‚- Im-cy-߃-
]-Tn-∏n-°m-\m-Wv- A-t±-lw- \n-ß-fp-sS- A-Sp-°¬- h-∂-Xv''- (ap-kvenw-
˛In-Xm-_p¬- Cu-am≥- 1).-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n- ()-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-sb- a-\- n-em-°p-I- F-∂-Xm-Wv- aq-∂m-a-sØ-
Im-cyw.- C-_v-d-m-lnw- \-_n-()-bp-sS- a-I-\pw- {]-hm-N-I-\p-am-bncp∂-
C-kv-am-Cu¬- \-_n()-bp-sS- k-¥m-\- ]-c-º-c-bn¬-s]-́ - A-d-_nI-
fn-se- Jp-ssd-io- tKm-{X-Øn-se- lm-inw- Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬- A-_v-Zp¬-
ap-Xz-en-_n-s‚- a-I≥- A-_v-Zp-√-bp-sS- a-I-\m-bn-´m-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-()-
P-\n-®-Xv.-
A-t±-lw- 63 h-b-kp-h-sc- Po-hn-®p.- A-Xn¬- 40 h¿-jw- \-p-_p-Δ-
Øn- ({]-hm-N-I-Xz-Øn)\v- ap-ºpw- A-Xn-\p-ti-jw- 23 h¿-jw- \-_n-
bpw- d-kq-epw- B-bn- \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-́ -ti-j-hp-am-Wv- Po-hn-®-Xv.- "CJv-
d-Av- _n-kv-an'- F-∂v- Xp-S-ßp-∂- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-tØm-sS- A-t±l-
Øn-\v- \p-_p-Δ-Øpw- ({]-hm-N-I-Xzw)- "bm- A-øp-l¬- ap-±-Yn¿'- F∂v-
Xp-S-ßp-∂- (hn.-Jp.- 74˛mw- A-[ym-b-Øn-se)- B-Zy- h-N-\-ß-tfmsS-
"cn-km-e-Øpw'- ({]-t_-m-[-\- Zu-Xy-_m-[y-X-bpw)- e-̀ n-®p.- a-°-bmWv-
A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- P-∑-tZ-iw.- in¿-°n-s\-°-p-dn-®v- Xm-°o-Xv- \¬-Iphm-
\pw- Xu-lo-Zn-te-°v- £-Wn-°p-hm-\p-am-Wv- A-√m-lp- A-t±-l-sØ-
\n-tbm-Kn-®-Xv.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""tl-!- ]p-X-®v- aq-Sn-b-h-t\,- F-gp-t∂‰p- (P-\-ß-sf)- Xm-°o-Xp-
sN-øp-I.- \n-s‚- c-£n-Xm-hn-s\- a-l-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- \n-s‚- hkv-
38 39
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
{X-߃- ip-≤n-bm-°p-I-bpw- ]m-]w- sh-Sn-bp-I-bpw- sN-øp-I.- IqSpX
¬- t\-´w- sIm-Xn-®p-sIm-≠v- \o- Hu-Zm-cyw- sN-øcp-Xv. \n-s‚- c-£n
Xm-hn-\p- th-≠n- \o- £-a- ssI-s°m-≈p-I''- (A¬ ap-±-Yn¿-:-1˛7).-
"Jpw- ̂ - A≥-Zn¿'- (F-gp-t∂-‰v- Xm-°o-Xv- sN-øp-I- F-∂v- ]-d™Xv-
"in¿-°n'-s∂-Xn-cn¬- Xm-°o-Xv- sN-øp-hm-\m-Wv.- F-∂n-´v- P-\-ß-sf-
Xu-lo-Zn-te-°v- £-Wn-°pI-.- "h-d-∫-I- ̂ - I-∫n¿'- (\n-s‚- c-£nXm-
hn-s\- a-l-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-I)- F-∂v- ]-d-™-Xpw- "X-u-lo-Zp-sIm-≠v-
al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-I- F-∂- A¿-∞-Øn-em-Wv.- "h-Yn-bm-_-I- ̂ -Xzlv-
ln¿'- (\n-s‚- h-k-v-{X-߃- ip≤n-bm-°p-I)- F-∂v- ]-d-™-Xn-s‚-
A-∞w- "\n-s‚- I¿-a-߃- in¿-°n¬-\n-∂v- ip-≤-am-°p-I'- F-∂mWv.-
"h¿-dp-Pv-k- ̂ -lvPp¿'- (\o- ]m-]-sØ- sh-Sn-bp-I)- F-∂v- ]-d-™-Xv-
"hn-{K-l-ß-sf-bpw- A-Xn-s‚- h-Iv-Xm-°-sf-bpw- sh-Sn-bp-I'- F-∂-
A¿-∞-Øn-em-Wv.-
]-Øp-h¿-j-°m-ew- C-{]-Im-cw- \-_n()- P-\-ß-sf- Xu-lo-Znte-
°v- £-Wn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- ]-Øp-h¿-jØn-\p-ti-jw- A-√m-lp-
A-t±-l-sØ- B-Im-im-tcm-l-Ww- sN-øn-®p.- A-hn-sS-h-®v- A-©p-
t\-c-sØ- \-a-kv-Im-cw- \n¿-_-\-v-[-am-°-s∏-´p.- aq-∂v- sIm-√w- A-t±
lw- a-°-bn¬-sh-®v- \-a-kv-Im-cw- \n¿-h-ln-®p.- A-Xn-\p-ti-jw- a-Zo-
\-bn-te-°v- ]-e-bm-\w- (l-n-Pv-d)- sN-øm≥- I-¬-]n-°-s∏-´p.- ln-Pv-d-
sN-øp-I- F-∂m¬- in¿-°n-s‚- \m-́ n¬-\n-∂v- C-kv-em-an-s‚- (X-ulo-
Zn-s‚)- \m-́ n-te-°v- am-dn- Xm-a-kn-°p-I- F-∂m-Wp-t±-iyw.- Cu- "lnPvd'-
ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\v- A-¥y-\mƒ-h-sc- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- \n¿_-
\v-[- _-m-[y-X-b-s{X.- C-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- h-N-\w-
X-s∂-bm-Wv-.- A-Xv- C-{]-Imc-amWv-:-
""(A-hn-i-zm-kn-I-fp-sS- C-S-bn¬-X-s∂- Po-hn-®p-sIm-≠v)- kz¥
tØm-Sv- A-\ym-bw- sN-bv-X-h-sc- a-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ a-e-°p-Iƒ- Ah-
tcm-Sv- tNm-Zn-°pw-:- \n-ß-sf-s¥-m-cp \n-e-]m-Sn-em-bn-cp-∂p?- A-h¿-
]-d-bpw-:- R-߃- \m-´n¬- A-Sn-s®m-Xp-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-h¿-
(a-e-°p-Iƒ)- tNm-Zn-°pw-:- A-√m-lp-hns‚- `q-an- hn-im-e-am-bn-cp-∂n-
t√?- \n-߃-°-v- kz-tZ-iw- hn-´v- A-Xn¬- F-hn-sS-sb-¶nepw- t]m-Im-
am-bn-cp-∂-t√m.- F-∂m¬- A-Ø-c-°m-cp-sS- hm-k-ÿ-ew- \-c-I-as{X.-
A-sX-{X- No-Ø- k-t¶-Xw-!- F-∂m¬- bm-sX-m-cp-]m-b-hpw- kzo-I-cn-
°m≥- I-gn-hn-√m-sX-,- H-cp- c-£m-am¿-§-hpw- I-s≠-Øm-\m-Im-sX-
A-Sn-s®m-Xp-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn- I-gn-bp-∂- ]p-cp-j-∑m-cpw- kv-{Xo-I-fpw-
Ip-´n-I-fpw- C-Xn¬-\n-s∂-m-gn-hm-Ip-∂p. A-Ø-c-Im¿-°v A-√m-lp-
am∏v- \¬-In-tb-°mw.- A-√m-lp- A-Xy-[n-Iw- am-∏v- \¬-Ip-∂-h-\pw-
Gsd- s]m-dp-°p-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p-''- (A-∂n-kmA-v- 97˛99).-
a-s‰m-cp- kq-Iv-X-Øn¬- C-ß-s\- Im-Wmw-:-
""hn-iz-kn-®-h-cm-b- F-s‚- Zm-k-∑m-tc-;- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- F-s‚- ̀ qan-
hn-im-e-am-Ip-∂p.- A-Xn-\m¬- F-s∂- am-{Xw- \n-߃- B-cm-[n-°p-
hn≥''- (A¬- A-≥-I-_q-Xv-˛56).-
C-amw- _-Kv-hn- ( )- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""(a-Zo-\m-bn-te-°v)- ln-Pv-d- t]mhm-
Xn-cp-∂- a-°-bn-se- ap-kv-enw-I-sf- Ip-dn-®m-Wv- Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- A-h-
X-cn-®Xv.- A-√m-lp- A-h-sc- "hn-iz-kn-®-h-tc'- F-∂m-Wv- A-`n-kw-
t_m-[-\- sN-bv-X-Xv''.-
C-\n,- ln-Pv-d-°v- \-_n- h-N-\-ß-fn-ep-≈- sX-fn-hv- {i-≤n-°p-I.-
\-_n-()- ]-d-™p-:-
40 41
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
""Xu-_-m-bp-sS- (]-iv-Nm-Ø-]-Øn-s‚)- k-a-bw- A-h-km-\n-°p∂-
Xp-h-sc- "ln-Pv-d'-bp-sS- ka-b-hpw- A-h-km-\n-°pI-bn-√.- kq-cy≥-
A-Xn-s‚- A-kv-X-a-b-kv-Ym-\-Øp-\n-∂pw- D-Zn-°p-∂-Xp-h-sc- (A-Yhm-
A-¥y-k-a-bw-h-sc)- "Xu-_'-bp-sS- k-a-bw- A-h-km-\n-°p-I-bn-√''.-
\-_n-()- a-Zo-\-bn¬- kv-Yn-c- Xm-a-k-am-°n-b- ti-j-am-Wv- kIm-
Xv,- t\m-º-v,- l-÷-v,- _m-¶v-hn-fn,- [¿-a-k-a-cw- (Pn-lm-Zv)-,- \-∑- I¬]n-
°¬,- Xn-∑- hn-tcm-[n-°¬- ap-Xm-em-b-- C-kv-em-an-s‚- a-‰v- \n-b-a-\n¿tZ-
i-߃- \-S-∏n-em-°m≥- I¬-]-\-bp-≠m-b-Xv.- C-{]-Im-cw- \-_n-()-
a-Zo-\-bn¬- ]-Øp-sIm-√w- I-gn-®p-Iq-́ n.- A-ß-s\- \-_n-()- sIm≠p-
h-∂- Cu- a-Xw- C-hn-sS- \n-e-\n¬-s°-X-s∂- A-hn-Sp-∂v- h-̂ m-Ømbn.-
Cu- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\v- Kp-W-I-c-am-b- H-cp- Im-cy-hpw- \-_n()-
k-ap-Zm-b-sØ- A-dn-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-tbm- tZm-j-I-c-am-b- h-√-Xns\-
Ip-dn-®pw- ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v- \¬-Im-Xn-cn-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-́ n-√.- \-_n()-
k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\v- A-dn-bn-®p-X-∂- Im-cy-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- D-Ø-a-ambXv-
Xu-lo-Zpw- A-√m-lp- C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw- A-h-\v- Xr-]v-Xn-I-c-hp-amb-
Im-cy-ß-fp-a-s{X.- A-Xp-t]m-se- \-_n-()- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\v- ap-∂dnbn-
∏v- \¬-In-b- Im-cy-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- tZm-j-I-c-am-b-Xv- in¿-°pw.- A√m-
lp- sh-dp-°p-I-bpw- F-Xn¿-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- Im-cy-ß-fp-a-s{X.-
\-_n-()-sb- A-√m-lp- ap-gp-h≥- P-\-ß-fn-te-°pam-bn- \n-tbmKn-
°p-I-bpw- Pn-∂p-Iƒ-°pw- a-\p-jy¿-°pw- A-t±-l-sØ- A-\p-k-cn-
°¬- \n¿-_-\v-[-am-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- A-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv- A-√m-
lp-hn-s‚- h-N-\w- X-s∂-bm-Wv- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""]-d-bp-I-!- a-\p-jy-tc-,- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- Rm≥- \n-ß-fn-te-s°-√m-
-ap-≈- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ Zq-X-\m-Ip-∂p....-''- (A¬ A-Av-dm-^v-:158).-
\-_n-()-sb-s°m-≠m-Wv- A-√m-lp- Cu- Zo-\n-s\- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-
®n-´p-≈-Xv.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""C-∂v- Rm≥- \n-߃-°v- \n-ß-fp-sS- a-Xw- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n-X-∂ncp-
°p-∂p.- F-s‚- A-\p-{K-lw- \n-߃-°v- Rm≥- \n-d-th-‰n-Ø-cn-Ibpw-
sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- a-X-am-bn- C-k-v-em-an-s\- Rm≥- \n-߃-°v- Xr-]v-
Xn-s]-´p-X-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.-...'-'- (A¬ am-C-Z-:-3).-
\-_n-()- a-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xn-s‚- sX-fn-hv- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- Jp¿-B≥-
h-N-\-am-Wv.-
""Xo¿-®-b-m-bpw- \o- a-cn-°p∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p.- A-h-cpw- a-cn-°p-∂hcmIp-
∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- \n-߃- D-b¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]n-s‚- \m-fn¬- \n-ßfpsS c-
£nXm-hn-s‚- A-Sp-°¬-sh-®v- h-g-°p-Iq-Sp-∂p-Xm-Wv-v''- (A- -p-a¿:30,31).-
a-c-W-s∏-́ -h-sc-√mw- ]p-\-cp-∞m-\-Øn-\v- hn-t[-b-cm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.-
A-Xn-\p-≈-sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- C-h-bm-Wv-:-
A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""A-Xn¬- (`q-an-bn¬-)-\n-∂m-Wv- \n-ß-sf \mw- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv-.- AXn-
te-°v- X-s∂- \n-ß-sf- \mw- a-S-°p-∂p.- A-Xn¬- \n-∂p- X-s∂- as‰m-
cp- {]m-h-iyw- \n-ß-sf- \mw- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-c-hn-I-bpw- sN-øpw-''-
(Xz-m-l-:-55).-
a-s‰m-cn-S-Øv- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- h-N-\-an-Xm-:-
""A-√m-lp- \n-ß-sf- `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- H-cp- ap-f-∏n-°¬- ap-f-∏n®n-
cn-°p-∂p.- ]n-s∂- A-Xn¬- X-s∂- \n-ß-sf- A-h≥- a-S-°p-I-bpw-
\n-ß-sf- H-cn-°¬- A-h≥- ]p-d-Øv- sIm-≠p-h-cn-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂Xm-
Wv'-'- (\q-lv-:17,-18).-
42 43
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
]p-\-cp-≤m-\-Øn-\p-ti-jw- A-h≥- hn-Nm-c-W-°v- hn-t[-b-cmhp-
∂-Xpw- A-h-c-h-cp-sS- I¿-a-ß-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- {]-Xn-^-ew-
\¬-Is∏-Sp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- t\m-°q-:-
""A-√m-lp-hn-\p-≈-Xm-Wv- B-Im-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-Xpw-- `q-an-bn-ep-≈-
Xpw.- Xn-∑- {]-h¿-Øn-®-h¿-°v- A-h¿- sN-b-X-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®v- {]-Xn -̂
ew- \¬-Ip-hm≥- th-≠n-b-s{X- A-Xv.- \-∑- {]-h¿-Øn-®-h¿-°v- G-‰-
hpw- \-√- {]-Xn^-ew- \¬-Ip-hm≥- th-≠n-bpw-''- (A-∂-Pv-av-:31).-
]p-\-cp-∞m-\-sØ- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂-h≥- k-Xy-\-n-tj-[n-bm-Wv- (Im-
^n-dm-Wv).- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""X-ß-ƒ- D-b¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√-∂v B- A-hn-izm-
kn-Iƒ- P¬-]n-®p.- (\-_n-tb)- ]-d-bp-I-:- A-sX- F-s‚- c-£n-X-mhns\-
X-s∂-bm-W,- \n-߃- D-b¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]n-°-s∏-Spw-.- ]n-∂o-Sv- \nß
ƒ- {]-h¿-Øn-®-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- \n-߃-°v- hn-h-c-a-dn-bn-°-s-∏-Sp-I-bpw-
sN-øpw.- A-Xv- A-√m-lp-sh- kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw- F-fp-∏-ap-≈-
Xm-Ip-∂p''- (A-Ø-Km-_p≥-:-7).-
ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v- \¬-Ip-∂-h-cpw- k-t¥m-j-hm¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-∂h-
cp-am-bn-´m-Wv- A-√m-lp- F-√m- Zq-X-∑m-scb-pw- \n-tbm-Kn-®-Xv.- A√m
lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""k-t¥m-j-hm¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-∂-h-cpw,- Xm-°o-Xv- \¬-Ip-∂-hcp-
am-b- Zq-X-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿.- B- Zq-X-∑m-¿-°v- ti-jw- P-\-߃°v-
A-√m-lp-hn-s\-Xn-cn¬- H-cp- \ym-b-hpw- C-√m-X-n-cn-°m≥- th-≠n-bmW-
Xv.- A-√m-lp- {]-Xm-]n-bpw- bp-Iv-Xn-am-\p-am-Ip-∂p''- (A-∂-n-km-Dv-:165).-
A-h-cn¬- B-Zy-sØ-bmƒ- \q-lv-\-_n-( -)-bpw- A-h-km-\-sØ-
bmƒ- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n()-bp-am-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()- "Jm-X-ap-∂-
_n-øo≥'- (\-_n-am-cn¬- A-¥n-a≥)- B-Ip-∂p.- \q-lv- \-_n-()-bm
Wv- {]-Y-a- Zq-X≥- (A-Δ-ep¿-d-kq¬)- F-∂-Xn-s‚- sX-fn-hv- Xm-sg- ]d-
bp-∂- h-N-\-am-Wv-:-
""\-_n-tb,- \q-ln-\pw- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- ti-j-ap-≈- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿-
°pw- \mw- k-tμ-iw- (h-lv-bv)- \¬-In-b-Xp-t]m-se- X-s∂- \n-\°pw-
\mw- k-tμ-iw- \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂p''- (A-∂-n-km-Dv-:-163).-
"Xzm-Kq-Xn'-\p-≈- C-_m-Z-Øn-s\- hn-tcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cpw- A-√mlp-
hn-s\- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n-°m≥- I¬-]n-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn- F-√m- P-\-X-
bn-te-°pw- A-√m-lp- Zq-X-∑m-sc-̨ \q-lv- \-_n-()- ap-X¬- ap-l-ΩZv-
\-_n()-h-sc-bp-≈-h-sc- \n-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- Hm-tcm- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-epw \mw- Zq-X-s\- \n-tbmKn-
®n-́ p-≠-v.- \n-ß-ƒ- A-√m-lp-sh- B-cm-[n-°p-I-bpw-,- Zp¿-aq¿-Øn-Isf-
sh-Sn-bp-I-bpw- sN-ø-Ww-.... (F-∂v- {]-t_-m-[-\w sN-øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-
≠n)'' (A-∂-lv¬-:- 36).-
(A-{]-Im-cw)- A-√m-lp-hn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-;- Xzm-Kq-Xn-s\- \ntj-
[n-°p-I- F-∂-Xm-Wv- A-√m-lp- X-s‚- A-Sn-a-Iƒ-s°-√w- \n-¿-_-\v-
[-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.-
C-_-v-\p¬- J-ønw-( )- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
44 45
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
""H-cp- A-Sn-a- X-s‚- ]-cn-[n- ewLn-®p-sIm-≠v- G-sXm-∂n-s\- Bcm-
[y-\m-tbm- ]n-¥p-S-c-s∏-Sp∂-h-\m-tbm- A-\p-k-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\m-
tbm- I-cp-Xp-∂p-thm- A-Xv- Xzm-Kq-Xm-Wv''.- Xzm-Kq-Xp-Iƒ- [m-cm-f-ap-
≠v.- A-h-bp-sS- t\-Xm-°ƒ- A©v- hn-`m-K-am-Wv.-
1.- i-]n-°-s∏-´- C-_v-eo-kv-.-
2.- X-s‚- C-jv-S-tØm-sS- B-cm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥-.-
3.- X-s∂- B-cm-[n-°m≥- th-≠n- P-\-ß-sf- £-Wn-°p-∂-h≥-.-
4.- A-Zr-iy-Pv-Rm-\-ap-s≠-∂-v- hm-Zn-®-h≥-.-
5.- A-√m-lp- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-X-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠v- hn-[n-°p-∂-h≥.(1)-
ta-¬-]-d-™-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hv- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- h-N-\-am-Wv. A√m-
lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""a-X-Øn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬- _-e-{]-tbm-K-ta- C-√.- k-∑m¿-Kw- Zp¿
am¿-K-Øn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- th¿-Xn-cn-™p- I-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.-
B-I-bm¬- G-sXm-cmƒ- Zp¿-aq¿-Øn-I-sf- A-hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw- A-
√m-lp-hn¬- hniz-kn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-thm- A-h≥- ]n-Sn-®n-́ p-≈Xv-
_-e-ap-≈- H-cp- I-b-dn-e-mIp-∂p.- A-Xv- s]m-́ n-t∏m-Ip-I-tb- C-√.- A√m-
lp- (F-√m-w)- tI¿-°p-∂-h-\pw- A-dn-bp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p-''- (A¬- _Jd-
:-256).-
em- C-em-l- C-√-√mlp- F-∂-Xn-s‚- B-i-b-hpw- C-X-pXs∂-bm-
Wv.- H-cp- l-Zo-kn¬- C{]-Im-cw- h-∂n-´p-≠v-:-
""Cu- a-X-Øn-s‚- in-c- v- C-kv-emw- (A-Y-hm- k-a¿-∏-Ww)- BIp-
∂p-;- \-a-kv-Im-cw- A-Xn-s‚- Xq-Wm-Ip-∂p-;- A-Xn-s‚- D-b¿-∂p-\n¬°p-
∂- ̀ m-Kw- A-√m-l-p-hn-s‚- am¿-K-Øn-se- [¿-a-k-a-c-hp-am-Ip-∂p''- (Xz-
_v-dm-\n X-s‚- ap-Av-Pap¬- I-_o-dn¬- D-≤-cn-®-Xv)--(1)-.-
Iq-Sp-X¬- A-dn-bp-∂-h≥- A-√m-lp-h-s{X.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_-n-()bn-
epw- A-hn-Sp-sØ- Ip-Spw-_m-Zn-I-fn-epw- A-\p-N-c-∑m-cn-epw- A-√mlp-
hn-s‚- c-£-bpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- h¿-jn-°-s´.-
Bao≥.-
*****
1.- Cu- dn-t∏m¿-´v- Zp¿-_-e-am-sW-∂v- A-√m-am- A¬-_m-\n- X-s‚- "Z-Cu^p¬-Pman- -Ko-dn¬- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- (\-º¿-:- 3077).
1.- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- Zo-\n¬- A-\p-a-Xn-bp-≈- tI-he- ̀ u-Xn-I-\n-b-a-ß-f-√- D-t±iyw.-{]-Xyp-X,- a-X-\n-b-a-ß-fm-Wv- hn-h-£.-
46 47
aq-∂v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- X-Xz-߃
"Xzm-Kq-Øv-'- ˛ H-cp- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww-
"X-z-m-Kq-Øn'-s\- "]n-im-Nv' F-∂m-Wv- c-≠mw J-eo-^- D-a¿-()-
Xp-S-ßn-b- ]-e- a-lm-∑m-cpw- \n¿-h-Nn-®n-́ p-≈-Xv.- "Ym-Kq-Øn'-s‚- G‰-
hpw- \-√-Xpw- i-cn-bpw- kzo-Im-cy-tbm-Ky-hp-am-b- \n¿-h-N-\-hpw- CXp-
X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.- k-p-k-Ω-X-cm-b- an-°- ap-̂ -kv-kn-dp-I-fpw- (Jp¿B≥-
hym-Jym-Xm-°-fpw)- C-Xn-\v- H-∂m-a-Xm-bn- D-≤-cn-®n-́ p-≈- X-̂ v-kodpw-
(hym-Jym-\-hpw)- C-Xv- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- kp-{]-kn-≤- Jp¿-B≥- hymJym-
Xm-hm-b- C-_v-\p- I-ko¿- Cu- hym-Jym-\-sØ- C-ß-s\- hn-e-bn-cp-
Øp-∂p-:-
""Xz-m-Kq-Xv''- F-∂m¬- ]n-im-Nm-sW-∂v- A-t±-lw- (D-a¿-()-
\¬Inb- hym-Jym-\w- h-f-sc- _-e-s∏-´-Xm-Ip-∂p.- Im-c-Ww,- hn-{K-
l-߃-°v- C-_m-Z-Øv- sN-øp-I.- A-h-tbm-Sv- hn-[n- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-
I,- k-lm-bw- tX-Sp-I- ap-X-em-b- Pm-ln-en-øm- Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂-
k-I-e- "i¿dpw'- (Xn-∑-bpw)- C-Xn¬- s]-Sp-∂p''.-
"]-cn-[n- ew-Ln-®-h-\m-b- I-Sp-Ø- A-Xn-{I-a-Im-cn'- F-∂¿-∞-ap≈-
"Xz-m-Kq-Øv-'- F-∂- ]-Zw- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-d-sa- C-_m-Z-Øv- sN-øs∏Sp-
∂- F-√m- a-Av-_q-Zpw- F-∂- A¿-∞-Øn¬- {]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v-
Nn-e- a-lm-∑m¿- ]-d-™n-́ p-s≠-¶n-epw- A-Xn-s‚- ]q¿-W-am-b- hym]-
Im¿-∞w- A-h¿- D-t±-in-®n-cn-°m-\n-S-bn-√.- B- a-Av-_q-Zp-Iƒ-°v- Xß
ƒ- B-cm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬-̨ kw-Xr-]v-Xn-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂- Hcp-
\n-_-\v-[-\-sb-¶n-epw- A-Xn-∂-h¿- sh-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.- A-√m-
Ø-]-£w- ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cp-sS- Iq-́ -Øn-se- A-Xn-{]-[m-\n-I-fpw- "Dep
¬A-kv-an'¬- s]-´-h-cp-am-b- C-_v-d-m-lnw- \-_n-(),- Cu-km-\-_n-
()- Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿- t]m-epw- "Xz-m-Kq-Øp'-I-fm-sW-∂v-h-I-sh-®p-sIm-
Sp-t°-≠n-h-cpw.
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