ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΤΕΧΝΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΙΚΕΣ ΜΗΧΑΝΕΣ Tόμος B

&

B:

2013

. , . , . . , / .

, 6 . . . . . . .

, .

. .

, . . .

2010 . , . , .

III

11 11

1.1 3 1.2 4 1.3 7 1.4 11 1.5 13 1.6 16 1.7 16

23 24

22 2277

2.1 29 2.2 29 2.3 31 2.4 36 2.5 41 2.6 44 2.7 48 2.8 48

50 50

33 5533

3.1 55 3.2 55 3.3 59 3.4 61 3.5 64

69 69

44 7711

4.1 73 4.2 73 4.3 79 4.4 81 4.5 83 4.6 86 4.7 89

91 92

IV

55 9955

5.1 97 5.2 97 5.3 100 5.4 101 5.5 103 5.6 107 5.7 113 5.8 115

118 118

66 112211

6.1 123 6.2 124 6.3 127 6.4 131 6.5 133 6.6 135 6.7 140 6.8 141 6.9 141

143 143

II 114477

IIII 115511

IIIIII 115555

115566

11

Michael Faraday 1791- 1867

:

.

.

.

.

.

.

3

1.1

, , . . . .

, , . . .

. . . , . .

, . . .

. . ,

4

.

1.2 . 1.1

.

S . . , , . 1.1

B Tesla (T),

/( )T N Am

T5.2 .

A , , :

(1.1)

Webers Wb , 2 /Wb Tm Nm A

, .

,

090 ,

cosBA

. . 1.2 ,

, i . . .

. 1.1

. 1.1

1.1

.

5

.

2

iB (1.2)

,

. (1.2) Biot-Savart, . .

. 1.2

(Wb/Am) (H/m).

.

0 , 0 = 4 *10-7

Wb/Am . ,

,

.

or /

r

,

,

5.1

, .

. 1.3

()

()

6

, , . 1.3.

h

2

dh , Ampere1,

h

NiB

(1.3)

N .

. (1.3) . (1.1)

Ni

h

d2

2

Ni

() F .

, ( ) . 1.4,

Ni (1.4)

,

2 r .

1 Ampere IdsB O ,

I . N

i NiI

. 1.4

.

7

1.1

800

5r cm , 5d cm 1000r ,

0.6i A . ,

.

4.1

0 0.612r NiB Tesla

r

2 ( / 2) 1.2d mWb

1.3

.

, i , . 1.5,

iBf

Bif (1.5)

(1.5)

,

f =i B (1.6)

,

090 .

8

, , , .

, (1.5)

. 1.6, i .

W . u

iuBfuPm

.

,

iPe

,

, me PP ,

. 1.5 ()

()

1.1

.

9

. , , .

eP mP

u u

. 1.6.

af

u , . e , () (electromotive force, emf).

R ,

R .

. 1.6 ()

()

10

if ( ) . :

eiiuufP am

ue (1.7)

e

Lenz . e () , , . . u , .

iueiPe

.

(bilatelar transducer). 1.6, .

,

if

ue . ,

u . (. 1.6). , fa ,

af i . ,

.

11

(. 1.6). , . . 1.6 . , , .

1.2

(. 1.6), T2 m1

100kg sec/1mu .

.

Vu 2 . ,

Nmkgf 980sec/8,9100 , ,

/ 490i f A

1.4

Faraday , e

dt

dNe

(1.8)

dtd / ,

Lenz :

, .

Faraday

, , . . 1.3,

. 3.1 , ()

12

dt

di

h

NAN

dt

dNe

-

dtdiLe / , L

h

ANL

2

/ /NA h i

iL

(1.9)

,

.

2

21 LiW

AB / , AhNi /

AhBA

hNii

i

NLi 2

222 1

AhBW 2

2

1

(1.10)

Ah . .

, . (1.9) i. (1.10)

Ah .

.

13

1.3

. 1.6, (1.7)

Faraday .

u x ,

x

1N . (1.8),

u

dt

dx

dt

xde

dt

dxu

1.5

, , , , . .

, . .

F

i (1.11)

, .

mtA / ( ).

i .

14

( ) .

(1.11) (1.4)

(1.12)

/ .

. 1.7 .

. 1.7

,

.

, , . 1.8.

P . ,

r , .

.

15

,

r ,

.

c .

1r

mtAc /104 . ,

, .

,

c ,

- , . 1.8. , , .

, ( ) . , .

, .

2Ri ,

. . , .

, ,

t , .

.

. 1.9 t . , , .

50% .

. 1.8

16

. 1.9 )

)

, . 1.9.

m ,

mA C /

CmRR

2/1 m

.

1.6

. , .

. , , , .

. 1.10, , - ,

.

17

. 1.10 )

)

. , , . , () (magnetomotive force, mmf)

=F Ni (1.13)

tA . ( , ) .

R

RF

Ohm. 1.1 .

18

1.1

Wb

=F Ni A-t . R A-t/Wb Wb/Am . . . A-t/m .

(1.1) (1.4)

A

Ni

(1.14)

R (1.15)

, .

.

1.4

1.4 ,

A .

2 .

. .1.4

F1 + R2 R

F2

+

R1 R3

1

2

.

19

. 1.4 ,

.

1 1 i1F 2 2 2iF .

,

1R

A

h

2RA

h

3R

A

h

( h )

RAo

2 1 1 2 2

2 2

1 2 2 3 2

R F R R F

R R R R R R

1.7

, , , . , , , . , .

20

. 1.11

. 1.11 ,

.

f

.

,

ds

dsfdwm . dw

,

ds ,

0 dwdsf ,

ds

dwf (1.16)

,

dw . . (1.10)

dsdsdwo22

2

0

2

,

0

2

0

2

22

f (1.17)

.

21

, .

1.5

. 1.5 .

, . i

, .

f i x

.

. 1.5

,

i R

0 i

x

(1.16),

22

0

2

0

2

1

x

Nif

2

0

2

2 x

Nif

() .

1.6

. 1.6

, ..

(scrap) . 1 2 2283,0 m

mm2 .

, 1000kg . (

)

. 1.6

(1.16)

20

2

10

2

22

f (i)

i

R

20

10

R

i

.

23

20222.0 Nif

1000kg

Nmkgf 9800sec/8.91000

9800664

0,0222Ni t

:

1.1 .

1.2 , ,

1.3 ; ;

1.4 ;

1.5 . . .

1.6 .

1.7 ( ) .

1.8 .

1.9 . , .

1.10 ;

1.11 .

1.12 .

1.13 ;

24

1.1. 10 , 5cm. mWb1 ; ;

1.2. u , .1.6 120V 20 B=1T m5.0 . uu 10 .

1.3. r 1.1 L=10 mH. =1 mWb.

1.4. . 1.10 12cm x 12cm, 3cm x 2cm. RC, L

3108.1 C , N=100

i ==2.5A.

1.5. . 1.5

mm8 mm3 , 2

1 cm .

NfC610

1.6.

m1 , m5,0 .

,

10000 .

1.7. . 1.7. . 500

A4.0 .

24105 m

m4105

m41010 .

1.8. . 1.8 . . . 1.8.

1.9. . 1.9 . . ,

d

dw . b . 1.9.

. 1.7

. 1.8

( )

.

25

1.10. ) A i B

siniabBT a, b

n . A

, ;

) 50 ()

cmcm 95 A1.0 060 T5.0 , ,

.

1.11. . 1.6 () , W . m , . () .

. .1.10

. 1.9

. .1.9

22

:

, .

.

.

.

29

2.1

, , .

, . , .

2.2

, , . , , . , , . . 2.1 , . ,

15 27kV kV . ,

150kV 1000kV . . .

RI 2 .

I ,

() R .

(, , ). .

30

20kV

( 250kVA ),

6kV , .

. 2. 1 , ,

, , , .

6kV 20kV

hp1000 .

V380

6 / 380kV V .

.

31

V12 V6 , .

. 2.1 .

.

. . ,

VV 220/220 () ( ), .

2.3

, , , , , , . .

(.) , (..) . .. ..

. , ( , ).

, .2.2, , . , , , , . , .

32

, . 2.3 , . . 2.2 . 2.3 :

1 .., 2 .., 3 4 .

. 2. 2

)

)

. 2. 3

() ( )

()

.

33

,

A , B

C .

. 2.4 , . .2.4 , . . 2.4 , . . 2.4.

, .

( ) , , . . .

. , () 0,35 0,5mm ( 1.5). , . .

. 2.4 . ()

()

()

34

. , , .

, , . 2.5. . (. 2.5, ).

(. 2.5).

, .

, : , . .

,

. , .. . , , .

, , (. 2.2, 2.3 . 2.4) (sandwich) (. 2.2, 2.3 . 2.4).

.

. 2.5 () . () . ()

.

.

35

(. 2.6) . (. 2.7), . , , , .

.. .. .. . .

, . , . :

) , (

25kVA). , , .

) . . .

) .

.

atm5,0 .

, . :

) 30kVA .

. 2.7 .

. 2.6 .

36

)

3000kVA , 50mm 2 3 (. 2.8).

.

, , .. , .

, , . , . . , . . . . , . , .

2.4

. , , . ( . 1.8), , .

Fourier

. 2.8 , .

.

37

, . , , .

max .

. . .

.

02 i (. 2.9). . , ,

1 .

Rm ,

mi

/1 mi Rm.

mL

mm LX

.

dtde /11 122 / edtde ,

12 / .

Rc mjX

, e1 .

Rc Ci .

. 2.9 () .

() .

38

1

,

11 L .

1L

mL .

1wR

, 1

. ,

(. 2.9) 1V 1E

1wR

1jX .

2i

d ,

1E .

bI

b

d .

. 2.10.

2wR

22 L

,

2V

2E

2wR

2X .

. 2.10 () . () . ()

.

.

39

2 (.2.10).

12 INI ,

1wR

1X

. . 2.11,

2

21 / www RRR 2

21 / .

( )

mcR (. 2.11).

, , . , . , . , , , , . . , .

2.1

3

11

2

1

V220 Hz50 45LR .

3.006.0,34,50 wmc RR .

, , . , . .

. 2.11 () .

() ( )

40

)

53

4522N

RR LL

AV

I 445

2201

AI

NI 65.14

112

VVNNV 660/ 1122

WAVIVPL 96800.165.14660cos22

.

) . 2.1

.

Ajj

VIA

VI mC 5.6

34

220,4.4

50

220

Ae

j

V

j

VI J

04.32 4.43

3.006.5

220

3.006.05

2203

AeIIII jmC08.10

21 5.483

AeI j04.3

2 46.14

VeIRV L04.13

22 651

2

2 9409L LP R I W

. 2.1

.

41

, ,

, .

.

1 1 cos 10481inP V I W / 0.90L inP P 90%.

2.5

. , , , . . , . .. 50Hz, 30kVA, 1200/240V

22

22

240 ,

30 / 240 125 ,

240 /1200 1/ 5

V V V

I I kVA V A

N

,

11 1200V V V 11 25I I A .

, ( ). (WM), () (VM) .

. .2.12 .

OCP

cR , 1V 1I

42

2

1 c

OC

VR

P (2.1)

2 2

1 1 OC OCS V I P Q

mjX .

mOC XVQ /2

1

2

1 1

22

1 1 1

1 /m

OCOC

V V

Q I P V I

(2.2)

.

,

CR mX

( ) .

1.1

. 2.12 . () .

() .

.

43

1I .

. 2.12. .

1V

.

wR X

cR mX

cR mX

.

2

1

SCw

PR

I

2

1

SCQXI

(2.3)

2 2

1 1SC SCQ V I P

, , .

2.2

, 50 , 10 , 1000 / 290Hz kVA V V

Poc =200W 1 1I A

WPsc 300 VV 51 .

.

1

1000010

1000

VAI A

V ,

. (2.1)

2 210005

200C

VR k

W

44

(2.2)

2

2 2

1000 1.02

2001 1

1000 1

m k

. (2.3)

310

3002W

R

410

3001052

222

2.6

. , .

, . 2.13. , .

,

V

abV

00j

ab eVV 0120j

bc eVV

0120j

ca eVV

. 2.13 .

.

45

a-b-c.

,

00 30/30/ 3 jjbcbcab eVeVNVNVNV

VNV 3/ (2.4)

030

.

. . 2.14 () (3-) (1-) , , ,

. pV

pVN /220 ,

V220 , (a, b, c) n, .

, (.. a b)

V3802203 . , . . 2.15

. 2.14

.

46

.. .. .. ... .

. 2.15

.

47

D Y ,

D

Y

d, y, z

d

y

z (-)

.. ..

030

(. 2.16).

2.3

20 / 400kV kV

4.02.0

250,400

w

mc

R

XR

, . 100MW =0.8 300kV.

cR mX wR X

. 2.16 ) Dy 5. ) Yz 11.

. 2.3

48

0

2

100416.5 37

300 0.8

MWI A

kV

Ae j037

2 8330

VeVjjeV jj00 2.537

1 1844916687.1837320

3000004.02.08330

2.7

(.. ), . .

:

1. ( . 2.15)

2.

. %5.0

3.

4. 3:1

.

2.8

)

, ... .. .. .. (. 2.17).

.

. 2.17 .

.

49

, . .

)

, , . .

.. , , . 2.18. , . .. . , .

, . 2.19. , .

. 2.18 .

. 2.19 .

50

2.1 .

2.2 .

2.3 .

2.4 ;

2.5 ;

2.6 ;

2.7 .

2.8 ; .

2.9 ;

2.1. . 2.1 1:. . 2.1 . 2.1.

2.2. 2.1

51 , VV 2201 21 jZ L .

.

2.3. 1V 2V 1I 2I . 2.10

CR . . 2.3

mNXM .

. .2.1

.

51

2.4. 2.3 . 1I .

2.5. 81 , 2 CR k , 0.8 m k , 4wR ,

15 . QPIV ,,, 22

VV 22001 4.3LZ

2.6. 2.5 8.04.3 jZ L .

2.7. . 2.10

. www RNRR 21/ 221

XNXX 21/ 221 . CI mI

2.1 10LZ .

.

2.8. sV sR . 2.11.

. cw RR , mXX

cs RR . Thevenin

.

2.9. /abV . 2.13 a-b-c

abV ( 00 ).

2.10. . 2.14

28.8 kW =0.8 .

20

1 . ba II , cI .

aV a-b-c.

2.11. . 2.17 .

2.12. 200kVA 220V/1000V 1% 5% .

) .

) , , 8.0I , .

. .2.3

33

: ( ) .

.

.

.

"lightning-magnetic self-rotor", 1827.

(Museum of Applied Arts, Budapest.)

.

55

3.1

, .

, MW ( ) , . , .

(), . .

(AC) . .

, . . .

3.2

, , , , .

. 3.1 , , , , .

N

, , r .

m ,

56

. () (), .

() t1 t2 , .

. , . .

. (1.7), :

utBte 11 )( utBte )()( 22 (3.1)

, 1e 2e

(. 3.1) . Kirchhoff

tBtBAeete m 2121 2

1)( (3.2)

rA 2 mru .

e(t), . ,

. 3.1 () .

() .

.

57

2 1 2 cos 1 cos 22

mm m m

B AIT B t i t r B t i t r B AI t t

.

. 3.2, B

,

cos BB (3.3)

B

,

0 .

. 3.2 tm

(3.3)

tBB mcos (3.4)

.

(3.4) 0 0180 ,

tt mcos1 tt mcos2 . . (3.2)

tAte mm cos (3.5)

te

, 2/mABE

()

m .

,

ti . . 3.2 . 3.1, . ,

te

cos 2 cosm m mi t I t I t .

. (1.5), , 3.2. ,

(3.6)

. 3.2

.

58

. 3.3., tB1 ti .

2/AIBT , ,

.

N , (. 3.5)

(. 3.6) N .

, , .

( ) ,

B

. , , . , .

3.1

mm TP ,

,

N .

titetPe

tANBte mm cos . (3.5) tIti mm cos

tIANBtP mmme cos2

T T

mmmee dttT

IANBdttPT

P0 0

2 cos1

1

( ) aaxx

axdx4

sin

2cos2

. 3.3 B1(t),

i(t), T(t)

.

59

IANBIANBP mmme 2

12/ , 2/m

(3.6) AINBT 2

1

mm AINBP 2

1

me PP .

3.3

, , . , .. . . . . 3.4 , , , .

(S)

090 ()

090 .

, , . .

ti . , ,

090cos tikB (3.7)

. 3.4

.

60

k

, , .

tIti mm cos

(3.8)

2/21 mkBB . B

. 1B

tm 090 , 2B

tm 090 .

. 3.5

mIkBBB 21 .

B .

3.5, tT , . 3.2. ,

1B B 0

1 90 T

. 2B

tm 2900

2 ,

.

tTT m2cossin 2 , T

tTtT m2cos1 .

, , . 3.5.

1B 090

( , ),

T . 2B

. 3.5 () . () .

() .

0

1

0

2

cos 90

cos 90

m

m

B B t

B t

.

61

.

3.2

. 3.5 00tm ,

045 090 .

21 sinsin TtT tT . 3.3 .

() 1B 2B 00tm , . 3.2 0

1 90 0

2 90 200 TT . () . 3.2 045tm

0

1 90 0

2 0 1450 TT .

() 090tm .3.2

0

1 90 0

2 90 00900 TT .

. 3.3 T

T2 , T1 0 00tm , 045 090 .

.

3.4

. . . 3.6 . . ,

fI ,

. , . 3.6, , .

. .3.2 () mt = 0, () mt = 45 () mt = 90.

62

, , . 3.6.

. p

, p 2/p

() . ,

mp 2/ . Hertz,

2/f

(rpm, revolutions per minute)

sn ,

p

f

pn ms 120

60

2

60

(3.9)

s .

Hzf 50 ,

20-

() rpm30020/6000 ,

2p 4 3000sn rpm1500 .

, . 3.6 .

. 3.6 .

.

63

.

2p

. 3.7. , , . . 3.7 ,

p/3602 0

p .

, ,

96.082.0 wk .

3.3

. 3.6

2cos BB ,

. . 3.1 N 00 ,

090 , 0180 0270 tANBte cos m 2 .

. 3.3 4321)( eeeete ,

(3.2) 43212

)( BBBBA

Nte m rA 2 . iB ,

i=1,4 2cos BB , mt

)(2cos tBB m .

0 tBB m2cos1

0

90

. 3.7 () . () p- .

64

tBtBtBB mmm 2cos)2180cos()90(2cos0

2

0

180

tBtBB mm 2cos)2360cos(0

3

0

270

tBtBB mm 2cos)2540cos(0

4

tBNAtBA

Nte mm cos2cos42

)(

m 2 .

3.5

, .

, , (), , . . () .

. 3.3 () . ()

.

65

. , .

, 100%.

,

P

PP

(3.10)

P P

. . . . .

. 3.8 () ( ) .

. 2-10% 1-15% 75-97%.

. 3.8

.

66

, . , .

. . .

. (Ni) , . , ( ) , . . . , , , . , , () , .

. , . . .

. . 3.9

.

67

( ) , .

ONI

ONV .

, .

() , . ( ). V ( , ). (voltage regulation)

ON

ON

V

VVVR

(3.11)

, , , . 3.9.

.. , , . 3.10.

ONn

n

(speed regulation)

. 3.9 .

68

ON

ON

n

nnSR

(3.12)

( ) 30-50% ,

. oT (

) ONT

.

-. , . .. , , .

.

3.4

Hzf 50

hp100 . 10%

. , .

me PPPP .

m PP 1.0 mPP 1.0.

Whp

WhpPP me 89520

7461002.12.1 89.5kW

m

mmm

PTTP

Whp

WhpPradpf mm 74600746100sec,/6

504/4

NmT 4.712

e

m

P

P = 0.83 83%

. 3.10

.

.

69

3.1 .

3.2 ;

3.3 ;

3.4 , ; ; .

3.5 ; 3000 rpm 6 .

3.6 ; .

3.7 ; .

3.8 ;

3.9 ;

3.1 3.3 00

0180 ,

0te .

3.2 . 3.1

/2 045 ,

045 , 0135 0135 .

(3.3)

00 45cos45cos2

1 ttANBte mmm . 0t

maxe mw ANBek /max .

3.3 24 10105.2 IV

AION 20 . -, oV ONV

.

3.4 26500 Tn

5ONT . , On , ONn maxT

.

70

3.5 2/311000 VTn V . 22Tn . ( ) VV 100 .

3.6 (3.8) B , 1B , 2B

00000000 360315,270,225,180,135,90,45,0 tm . B

;

3.7 Hz50

1000 rpm . . Hz60 ,

sec/rad rpm .

3.8 3.3. ,

R .

3.9 3.8 3.1.

3.10 3.2.

44

: .

.

.

.

.

123 VA, 68.2 RPM .. ,

.

73

4.1

, n

f .

. , , , .

. , .

, .

4.2

. () . , . , . , . , . , (.. ) .

T , ,

74

. , . , , . , ( ) . .

4.2.1

, .

. 4.1

, MW6 , rpm3000 ,

. . , 4- 125 145 m/sec. 2- 170 180 m/sec. , , .

.

75

(. 4.2) . --

MoNiCr -- VMoCr ,

2/800 mmN 550 2/660 mmN . .

( ) (. 4.2) (), . 1/3 .

, , . 4.2. . , .

. 4.1 .

1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . 17. . 18.

19. . 20. . 21. . 22. .

76

, , , , .

0.35 0.5mm , . 4.3. , . 4.3.

. ( 12m) ( 1.2m). .

, , . . .

. 1.500MVA , 98%.

. 4.2 () . ()

. () .

. 4.3 () .

() .

.

77

4.2.2

, , ( 200rpm).

, , . .

. 4.4. .

1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. .

78

. , 6 , 15 0.15 0.2.

. 4.4. . 4.5

. . (. 4.5), , , . . 4.5 3400 . 1.8mm, . (. 4.6). , , (. 4.6).

, .

. , .

. 4.5. .

. 4.6. () . ()

( )

.

79

4.3

, , , .

, . . , , . , . , .

, . 100MW. ,

. 4.7. .

80

(). , ( 30 40MW), .

. 4.7 . (1) . , (3) (6) . . 4.7 , . .

1940-48 . , .

6.7 10 .

MW10050 , rpm3000 %8,0

98.6% 98.8%. , ,

. .

MW200 . -.

, ,

. 4.8. .

.

81

. . 4.8 . .

4.4

, () . .

, .

, 2//1200 p ,

0120 . . 4.9 ,

: 21aa , 21bb 21cc .

,

fI

B .

pfn ms /1202/60

0t .

B

, :

tEtEte ma cos2cos

( ) ( ) ( )00 120-+cos2=120-+cos= tEtEte mb

( ) ( ) ( )00 120++cos2=120++cos= tEtEte mc

f 2 .

. 4.9. () .

() ()

82

0120

.

(3.5) :

swm AnNBk

E 60

2 (4.2)

wk

2

60 msn .

pAB /2 120/spnf ,

fNkE wm 2 (4.2)

fI ff IN= / R.

, .

cosI , .

,

tIi ma cos

21 aa

, 1aB 2aB

bi ci .

, 6. , ,

3

0120 .

6 . 4.10 (3.7)

0120

.

. 4.10. ()

()

.

83

1 1 1a b cB B B B

.

B B

,

B , . 4.10. B

B . B

E

.

B

SE ,

SjX , . 4.11.

.

sR

ss XR .

Kirchhoff

IjXVE st (4.3)

. 4.12, .

E IjX s

B B ,

tV B E tV

B B .

, ( ).

,

B

B .

4.1

1b

B 2b

B

4.10.

. 4.11. .

. 4.12. .

84

b 120 a,

(3.7) : )12090+cos()t(ik=B bb mi ( ) I cos(t 120 )b t =

m I cos(t 120 )cos( 90 120 )bB k= +

: )]y+xcos(+)yx[cos(2

1=ycosxcos

,

)240)t(+90+cos(B+))t(90+cos(B=B 2b1bb

1b

B )t(+90=

2b

B o 240+)t(+90=

. 4.10.

4.5

, , , . , .

. 4.12

sincos EIX s

cosIVP t ,

sins

t

X

EVP (4.4)

. A , , ,

sin3

=3

=ms

t

m X

EVPT (4.5)

. 4.13

. . .

.

0

max 90s

t

X

EVP (4.6)

. 4.13. () .

.

85

, 090

.

tV E 090 ,

. , ,

B

B .

090

, , .

. 4.14

tV

fI

. 1.7. tV

E .

,

tV

I .. , . 4.15.

tV

.

fI

. .

4.2

8=sX

KVVt 20= . 9P MW

6.0.. , . .

. 4.14. .

. 4.15. .

86

6.0cos 01.53 .

VKV

Vt 115403

20 . A

V

WI 1300

115406.0

109 6 .

(4.3) 053.4 11.2311540 8 1300 16j jE j e e kV .

%28 ( ).

00 ,

015.1211.54 3.12 11.95 jE kV j kV e kV .

,

sins

t

X

EVP .

4.6

,

sn .

. 4.16 ,

tV .

E (4.2), E

I ,

.

.

4.16: IXjEV st

. 4.16

tV E

. . ,

. sin/ st XEVP 0 , . . 4.13, , . 4.17 ,

. 4.16. . ) . )

.

) .. =1 )

.

.

87

maxP

.

s

t

m X

EpVPT

2

33 maxmax (4.7)

tV I

. 4.16, , .

fI

222 )( IXVE st (4.8)

I

tV 00 ,

. 4.16. , ,

1.. .

I tV 0 , .

090 00 (. 4.16)

0P .

IVQ t , ,

( ). , .

, .

V , . 4.18.

,

1..

. 4.17. P .

. 4.18. V .

88

. .

, , , . . . , , .

, . ,

, .

4.3

900kW

= -900 =5kV 6tV kV . 540kW

..=1 - =5kV,

, tV .

s

t

X

EVP max ,

6 5100

300s

kV kVX

kW . 540kW

..=1 180

306

kWI A

kV .

. (4.7)

2 2( ) 4t sV E X I kV 01 86.36

4

3tan

4.4

4.3

6E kV , 5tV kV sec/377rad .

. 4.16 IXVE st

.

89

AV

X

VEI

s

t 10100

101 3

50010

50001

A

V

I

V

C

t

1 15.3

500 500 377 / secC F

rad

4.7

, , . , , , .

, :

1. () , .

2. .

3. .

4. () .

. , . 3 .

2 4 . 4.19.

90

, . . 4.19 . 4.19 . , , () . . 4.19 . .

. 1-1 . 2-3 3-2. . 4.19 () .

. , . , .

, ( ).

. 4.19.

.

91

.

, . .

4.1 : , .

4.2 : , , .

4.3 .

4.4 .

4.5 . ;

4.6 tV -

E , ; .. ;

4.7 . =0, ,

tV .

4.8 V;

4.9 .

4.10 .

4.11 .

4.12 .

4.13 . ;

4.14 . .

92

.. =1. :

)

)

)

4.15 30 . . , ;

) 10%

) 10%, .

) 10%,

) 10%, .

4.16 . . 10% . , , ; .

4.1 4.1 E

01.53 . tVE

. .

4.2 1CB 2CB . 4.11

0120cos2 tIiC 00 12090cos CsC ikB .

4.3 f=50hz, VE 3000max , 12sX AION 100 .

0.1.. . ,

VVt 1600 , =0, 60 120. tV

=180.

4.4 tV , ,

=0, 60 120, E

maxE . tV I .

.

93

4.5 4.3 VE 2000 AI 120 . tV , , P

: 1, 0.8 0.8 .

4.6 86.0.. 18P kW V220 (). 0 2sX

. E I .

4.7 HzVVt 50,220 , AI 30

8.0.. . , .

4.8 2tV kV , 3E kV 60sX .

maxP I , sinVIQ .

4.9 11=Xs VVt 220

6P kW / . , I 300E , 500 V700 . I E V-.

4.10 4 8sX 10MW 8.0..

20kV Hz50 . , , . .. , . .. .

4.11 30 1.95 . , 2000hp, 2300 V 60 Hz . , :

)

)

)

)

4.12 4.11 0.8 0.8 . , , .

4.13 2 MW, 2000 V 50 Hz. Xs , .

55

:

.

.

.

.

-.

.

.

.

Original Tesla motor, science museum, London

.

97

5.1

, , , , , , , . , , . , (-). , , . .

, , , .

, , .

5.2

, .

, () .

:

) (. 5.1), .

98

. 5.6. , . .

) (. 5.2) . , : , . (. 5.3) , . , .

. 5.1 .

. 5.2 () ()

.

99

. 5.3. ,

R , .

,

S (. 5.3) , . ,

W , .

R R . . 5.3 , , . 5.3 .

, (. 5.1 5.2). : .

, . (. 5.4) (. 5.4).

. (. 5.4).

. 5.3 . () . () . () () . ()

. 5.4 . () . () . () .

100

, .

, . 5.2.

19 , . . 20

.

, :

) .

) .

) .

) , .

5.3

, . 5.5., . , .

f ,

B

(rotations per minute, rpm)

rpmfns 60 . B

, ,

B

.

B

B

. 5.5 () . () .

.

101

mn

.

, m sn =n

, , .

B

60

s mm

r2(n -n )u=r -

60

s2n

60

mm

2n , r ,

( u )

u . p

( / 2)

s

60fn

p

nm< ns.

B ,

:

s m

s

n ns

n

(5.1)

1m sn s n .

05.001.0 s .

s s msn n n u

B

3 ,

B

/ 60ssf sn .

ssn

. ssn

mn

B m s sn sn n

B .

, m sn n .

, 3.

102

5.4

, ( ) ( ) . ,

/ secs rad

s N , . . 5.6 , .

. V 1E

- .

. 5.6 .

.

103

, , .

B

ssn

, ,

1EsN

5.6.

2221 IjsXREsN . s

222

1 IjXs

REN

(5.2)

. 5.6.

. 5.6

, 22 , Xs

R

,

s

N

R

s

R

2

2/

2

22'

2 N

XX .

s

sRR

s

R 1/2

/

2

/

2

, /

2R

s

sR1/

2

. 1X

/

2X /

21 XXX

. 5.6.

s .

1R , /

2R

.

104

5.5

s

sRjXRR

VI

1/

2

/

21

(5.3)

mn s ,

. 5.7.

ONI .

, .

/2 / 2 2

2 2/ 2 2

1 2

11m

sRsP I R s V

s s R R s X

(5.4)

23 3

2m

m

P pVT

222/21

/

2

XsRsR

sR

(5.5)

2 / 1 m p s , p .

T s

1m sn s n , -, . 5.7.

:

) 1s , () , .

10 s 0s .

) , ,

sn

%51 . 0.01 0.05s .

. 5.7 .

.

105

Hzf 50

rpm 2900-2970 1450-1480, 950-990, 2, 4, 6 .

) oT 0mn

1s ,

ONn (

).

) maxT ,

, ,

ONTT

.

maxT

.

2

max2 2

1 1

3

4

pVT

R R X

(5.6)

22

1

/

2

XR

Rs

(5.6)

. (5.6)

(5.5) s 0/ dsdT s .

cu RRIP 212 (5.7)

,

m P3=P .

5.1

6- , 380V (), 50Hz,

mN350 .

: 26.01R , 14.0/

2R , 40.0X

2.5kW . .

106

rpmns 1000 ,

. 1sR sX /

2R

( ), (5.5)

2

/

2

3pV s

2R

6p , VV 2203/380 314 / sec.rad

s 035.0s rpmnn sON 965965.0 .

2965/60 = 101 rad/sec.

350 101 / sec 35.37mP Nm rad kW 48 (hp).

() 35.37 2.5 32.87P kW kW kW .

32.87325.44

101 / sec

kWT Nm

rad .

1s . (5.5) 606OT Nm

73% ONT . (5.6) max 937T Nm -

29.0s 710mn rpm .

, 69.7 kW. .

5.2

. 5.6 , , , .

sRRs

sR /

1 /2

/

2

/

2

jXsRRZ /21

Z

VI

sRR

X

/tan

/

21

1) 1s 0454.024.04.04.014.026.0 jejjZ

AI 3904.02

220450

7.045cos.. 0

2) 04.2884.04.074.04.029.0/14.026.029.0 jejjZs ,

04.28 ,

220262

0.84I A 88.04.28cos.. 0

.

107

3) 034.527.44.026.44.0035.0/14.026.0035.0 jejjZs ,

AI 4.5127.4

220 99.034.5cos.. 0

5.3

50Hz, 14.5 hp 1470 rpm. 0.3 770 W, , .

P () P

P .

W11587W770hp/W746hp5.14s

)s1(R3PPP 2

2

=+=+=

02.01500

14701500

s ,

A

Rs

sPI 24.16

13 /2

5.6

5.2, . () , . , .

, .

. 5.8 () .

() -.

108

) ( 5.2)

. 5.8 - . (5.6)

extR /

2R .

, /

2R ,

s maxTT

2

2

2

XR

RRs

ext

(5.8)

. ( ) , . , .

)

, . . 5.3, , .

/

2R ( )

/

2X ,

. ,

1s

/

2X .

() . (),

05.0s

/

2R

. .

.

109

. , .

. , . .

. , . .

C. , . .

D. , . .

. 5.9 - . , 75% . , . , D.

)

. 5.10 , : ( ) , ,

sR (

).

sR V

(5.3) (5.5) . , ,

sR

R, S, T, N. () (F)

. 5.9 .

110

.

, , .

) -

. , .

. . 5.11 ,

. 5.10 .

. 5.11 .

.

111

VV 380 VV 2203

380 ,

.

3

VV , ,

Z

V

Z

VI

3

(5.9)

( . 5.5)

3

22

V

KKVTY (5.10)

(. 5.5), .

Z

VII 33 (5.11)

2

KVT (5.12)

. . 5.12 . (. 5.12).

)

.

. (4 ) .

. 5.12 .

112

. , , 0-120Hz 0V . , (Pulse-Width Modulation). .

(cycloconverters) - (reclifier-inverter).

)

. , (. 5.13) . . (. ), (), .

. 5.13 .

.

113

5.4

, 5.1,

VV 380 .

s=1

5.2 390YI A

. (5.5)

2

2 2

3 6 220 0.14

2 314 0.26 0.14 0.4YT

606.9 Nm

3803 3 1164

0.4 2

VI A

Z

2

2 2

3 6 380 0.14

2 314 0.26 0.14 0.4T

1810.7 Nm

5.5

60 Hz 75 kW ( ).

WPr 900 , 4.2 kW

2.7 kW. 100 . 3.75% ().

: 3 75900mP W

25300mP W

: 2 ' '2 21 / 0.078 mP I s s R R

:

2 '

2 0.8cu cuP I R P kW :

kWPcu 4.23

88.0)7.22.44.29.075(

75

kW

kW

P

P

:

248.16

(2 / )(1 ) m

P PT T Nm

p s

114

5.7

, 5hp.

. , .

, . .

5.14 1B 2B .

sn

. 1B

( )

(. 5.7) 2B

( ). . 5.14 .

. , , .

,

090 ( )

(. 5.15).

. . , . . 5.15 (splitphase motor).

. 5.14 () ()

. 5.15

()

()

.

115

. . ( (1/20)hp) (shading coils) (. 5.16). , . 5.16.

, .. , .

, V (. (5.5)). . 5.17, .

. .

5.8

1/10HP. . , , .

. . 5.18,

FV

CV 090

.

. 5.16

. 5.17 .

. 5.18 .

116

. 5.18,

( )2

C m

F s

V nT K

V n (5.13)

25% sn .

.

. . 5.19 , , .

.

(Hysteresis motors) . 5.20. ,

.

sn

(1/10)HP. , - .

(reluctance motors) , . 5.21. .

. . . , .

. 5.21 () ()

. 5.20 .

. 5.19

.

.

117

(Shading coil) . .

, . . 5.21,

P

. 4.18.

(Harmonic-drive motors)

. , . 5.22. . . 5.23 . . .

, . . 5.22.

. .

. 5.22 .

. 5.23 .

118

5.1 .

5.2 .

5.3 ; , .

5.4 ; .

5.5 .

5.6 .

5.7 .

5.8 .

5.9 .

5.10 ;

5.11 ;

5.12 ;

5.1 12- Hzf 50 4%.

.

5.2 rpm950 Hz50 . s .

5.3 Hz50 , 40hp

rpmnON 1450 . ONT ONs .

mn ONTT 2.1 ONTT 8.0 .

5.4 Hz60 .

, 5.1, mn

NmT 220 .

.

119

5.5 5.1 . ( sT , )

( 1s , 0T ), ( s , maxT ) ( ONs , ONT )

5.1.

5.6 5.1 maxT 5.0s .

. ( ).

5.7 1/

2 RR . 0T

1.0s , 13RX . 0max /TT .

5.8 . 5.6 )/1/()1(/ 21

em RsRsPP , ,

.

5.9 (5.6). : (5.5)

2s , sRy //2 dydT / .

5.10 ,

090 .

tVtUA cos2)( )90cos(2)(0 tVtUB .

. 3.5 4.10 .

5.11 , 380 V, 50 Hz, 1R =

0.3, '2R = 0.15 X =0.5.

450 Watt. s=0.03 , , , .

5.12 , '2R = 0.25. ,

.

'2R = 0.15 .

66

: .

.

.

.

.

.

.

123

6.1

() , , () .

, ( ). , .

, . . , .

, ( ) .

Watts 10MW. ( ). , . .

, .

.

124

. 6.2 () : 1-, 2-

, 3- , 4- , 5-, 6-

() : 1-, 2-

6.2

, . . 6.1, , , , .

, , . , . . , , . .

. 6.2. (4) (3). , (5)

. 6.1 .

.

125

1mm . (6), . (1) , . (2) 1 2mm, . .

(. 6.2). (1) , (2). .

.

()

, , . , . () 35 45cm, . , . , .

(. 6.3) 0.5mm .. 20 60Hz. , 0.03 0.05mm. .

. 6.4, , . ,

. 6.3

.

126

.

. , ,

.

, . . 6.5 . (1) , . . , (4). , (.. ) .

, . , . . , , .

. 6.5 1- , 2 , 3- (), 4-, 5-.

. 6.4 . ) : 1 3- 2 4-

) , )

.

127

. 6.6 . ,

1.5 2/5.2 cmN .

. . (. 6.7). -, .

6.3

3 . , . . ( ) .

,

. 6.6 . 1- , 2-, 3-

, 4-

. 6.7 .

128

( ).

. 6.8, ,

fB

, , . 6.8. ( ) .

(3 ) . , . , , .

, . . 6.8, .

. 6.8, . , ().

p-

tp m2/ tm . 6.8.

.

129

. 6.8 (),() .

(),(),()

.

.

130

, . 6 . 6.9. . 6.9 . , , ()

, (. 6.9). ,

060

1/3 . 6.9.

, , ,

( dtLdiL / , ). , , , .

.

. 6.9 () 6 . () . () () .

.

131

6.4

3, .

r , p ,

prAp /2

p

rBAB fpf

2

fB .

m . (1.7)

:

f m m m

pE N B r N k

2= = = (6.1)

aN ,

k N p / 2= . , E

60 / 2m mn ,

m

E k n

30= (6.1)

. , ,

m P EI=

m

EIT k

= = (6.2)

aI .

fI

, . . 6.11 - (. 1.7),

F = ff IN .

/ff IN R (6.1) (6.2)

. 6.10 .

. 6.11 ( ) .

132

f f mE k I = , aff IIkT (6.3)

/f a fk k N R / 2a fN N p R

r 0fI .

. , . .

6.1

, ,

, mWb15,0 , 4

. VE 5 rpm1000 , aN .

Hertz

rpm2000 .

) , ,

4 30

a mE k n 2/pNk aa

60 / 4250

a

m

EN

p n .

)

33.360

mm

nf Hz

4*33.3 133.3f Hz

VEE 25.14

1

.

133

6.5

, .

. 6.12 .

, aI

. (. 6.12) ,

aI fI .

(. 6.12) ,

fI aI

,

aI DR .

(. 6.12)

, af II ,

.

CR ,

fI .

(. 6.12) , . .

, (.. )

m

EVT

. TV

I , .

, . ,

. 6.12 ) , ) , )

, ) . ( Rf

.)

: , . (6.4) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )T adi t

V t E t L R i tdt

,

.

134

. 6.13, IIa

IRkIREV amaaT (6.4)

IVT

aR , . 6.14.

ONaON IREV

( )

EVT 0I .

fV fff RVI / .

= = =m m f f a m aP T k I I EI

fff IVP Te IVP .

,

IVT

, . 6.14.

V

V

.

IVT .

. 6.12

fI ,

. , . ,

fI ,

.

, IVT

, .

, IVT

. 6.13

. 6.14

.

.

135

. , . ,

VVON .

6.2

,

DR . . 6.11

4800mak , 35,0aR 45,0fR , fN VVT 220

AI 25 . 50, E TV

.

. 6.2.

fa III .

,

VVIRRE Tfa 240

mWbWbkE ma 5005,0/

. 6.11

tAIN ff /1000 4025/1000 fN .

AI 50 , . 6.11

Wb068,0 326a mE k V

VIRREV faT 286 .

%7.87877.0 E

V

EI

IV

P

PT

a

T

.

6.6

, , . 6.15. ( ) . .

. 6.15 ,

TV .

. .6.2.

136

maaaT kIRV ,

aaaTm kIRV / . aa IkT (rpm),

)( Tn :

2

30

( )aT

m

a a

RVn T n bT

k k

(6.5)

fI .

)( Tn

. 6.16,

aT kVn /30 2)(/30 aa kRb .

nbTON nnON

.

, TV

. , mn

aTa REVI /)(

aa IkT . ,

( 0)mn bnT /0 .

n

TV .

, n TV ,

, (;).

, 5kW . , , . Ward Leonard, . Ward Leonard . . / , , . .

. 6.15. . () () () (Universal)

()

.

137

(6.5) , . 6.15.

fTf RVI /

. 2:1.

(. 6.15) , .

(6.3)

af III af RRR .

,

ERIVT ,

2

60 30

mf m f f m

nE k I k I k In

f

faffk

TIIkIIkT 2

(6.6)

mn

:Tn

30 1( )

T

m

ff

V Rn

kk T (6.7)

. 6.16.

,

0mn

,

n 0T . , .

(6.6) ,

tIi cos2

. 6.16.

138

tIktT f 22 cos2)( .

(universal motor), ( ).

. 6.17 , , . .

5000 15000 rpm. , , . , / .

() ( )

, . 6.16. , .

6.3

60aN , 35.0aR ,

AtIN ff 1300 V250 . n ,

ONn ONT ,

(speed regulation) aI

( 0)mn .

. 6.11, AtIN ff 1300 Wb058.0 .

21.382

pN

k aa . (6.5)

Tn 681.01078

rpmn 1078 NmT 1583681.0/10780 .

(Full Load)

ON ONP 20ONT kW (2 / 60) 20ON ONn T kW ONON Tn 681.1070 .

. 6.17. .

.

139

NmTON 203 rpmnON 941 .

1078 941( ) 0,15

941SR

15%.

. 0mn

0E AVIa 71435.0/250 . ,

.

6.4

VVT 120 , 20R

09.0fk . , , 10000rpm

.

(6.7) T ,

NmT 099.0 .

, .

2IkT f

Ak

TI

f

05.1

2 103.5

60

mm m

nP T T Watts 0.139mP hp

82.0IV

R

P

P

T

m

e

m 82%

6.5

,

2

30

f f

m a

f f T

R Rn R T

k k V

(6.3)

mff IkE aff IIkT

140

. 6.15

ERIIRV aaffT

af II , E

mffa

ff

ffT IkRIk

TRIV Tm

f

Tfa

f

Tf

VR

VkR

R

Vk

T

Tf

f

a

f

Tf

TmVk

RR

R

Vk

TV )( ))(( 2 TR

Vk

R

k

Ra

Tf

f

f

f

m

2 / 60m mn=

230 ( )

f f

m a

f f T

R Rn R T

k k V

6.7

, (. 6.18). .

, . Alnico,

)( A , )(Ni ,

)(Co

, .

(SmCo5) Alnico . .

. .

. 6.18. .

() .

() .

.

141

6.8

. , 6.3.

, , . .

6.9

, , , , . , () , .

.

, , , . , .

. , .

, . , .

(Pulse width Modulation, PWM), . .

142

6.6

500 / 200 V 30A . 0.5 0.15 . , 0.25 200 V 25. .

) . 6.15 : f I=I=I

( ) ( )T f T fV E I R R E V I R R= + + = +

15.0=R,5.0=R,A30=I,V200=V fT

= 183.75 V. nm = 2500 ./ m2

261.7 / sec60

nrad= =

. (6.3) m

0.023 sec/f f

Ek rad

I= =

) ,

A25=I=I

D

D

15.6f

f

R

R R= =

+

( ) 185.15 VD f

T

D f

R RE V I R

R R= + =

+

.(6.3)

516 / secm

f f

Erad

k I= =

60 4930 . /

2m

mn = =

, . .

=Ia

6.6

+ VT

Rf If

R

RD

ID

.

143

6.1

6.2 ;

6.3 . ; ;

6.4 ( ) ;

) ,

) ,

) ,

)

) , .

6.5 .

6.6 , ;

6.1 4 , 6 100 . =0.2 mWb 1500 rpm.

6.2 8 , 12 100 , . =0.4 mWb, 1600 rpm.

6.3 20 kW VON = 250V 1200 rpm. = 60 Ra = 0.35. f = 2A Vf = 250V, ( . 6.11). .

6.4 VV f 250 650fN .

fR VVON 250 ,

144

960mn rpm .

.

6.5 , . 6.13

. fa RR ffk /

aTfT RVRVKI )/( mfakkK /

.

6.6 1aR ,

100fR 200K . 200,300,400TV

V100 . IVT .

6.7 , VVT 200 mWb40 . n ONn

) VVT 250 =40mWb

) VVT 200 =50mWb

6.8 TV rpmn 1000

rpmnON 950 ;

6.9 VVT 200

400fR . (n-T) 6.5

n ONn

) VVT 250 400fR

) VVT 200 500fR

6.10 TV fR rpmn 1000

rpmnON 950 ;

6.11 12 mn n .

6.12 mm 4.04.0 . 6.8 ,

TB f 3.0 . 24V 0.4.

600 rad/sec , . .

6.13 0.3. 250 V 1000 rpm 100 . 1.7 , , .

6.14 0.2 0.04 .

.

145

200V 80A 500 rpm. . .

6.15 250V, 35 100 rpm. 0.6 . , , .

6.16 , , 150 0.5 . 250 V 2.3 9000 rpm. , 110 rpm 32 , .

147

1. 50 kVA, 2300:230 V, 60 Hz , , 220 W. , 1.2 1.8 .

() 30 kW ..=0.8 . , 230 V.

.

:

AION 74.212300

000.50

wR

VVw 6.272300100

2.1 27.1

ON

ww

I

VR

X VV 4.412300100

8.1

9.1ONI

VX .

, ( )

148

AV

PI 3.16

8.02300

30000

cos

WIRP wx 5.3372

WP 200

WPPPP x 5.30537

jez

3.16

2300

086.36

66.8488.112 jz

5.8615.114 jjxRzz w

02.3715.114

56.86tan 797,0cos..

2. , 440 V (), 60 Hz 50 kW ..=0.9 .

) rpm

)

) = 0.95.

) rpmp

fns 900

2

60

) =(50/3) kW

AV

PI 9.72

cos

3

) :

kWPPm 5.473

sec

2.94

2

2 radp

fm

NmP

Tm

m 99.503

.

149

3. , , : 50HP,

440V (), 60 Hz . 1.01R , 12.0/

2R ,

35.01X 4.0/

2X . : kWP 2.1

kWPr 95.0 . 2.5%

:

)

) Nm

) HP

)

. 5.6

VV 2543

440 , 22.0/21 RR , 75.0X

68.4

1 /2R

s

s

)

Ae

Rs

sjXRR

VI j

07.8

/

2

/

21

3.511

988.0)7.8cos(.. 0

)

/2

2

2/ 2 2

1 2

3

2

sRpVT

sR R s X

2 60 4p

, NmT 200

) rm PPP kWRssIPm 87.36/13/

2

2

kWP 925.35 48.7 HP

) = kWRI 03.13 12

= kWRI 945.03 /22

kWPr 95.0

kWP 125.4945.095.003.12.1

kWPPP e 40

898.0

eP

P 89.8%

4. 150 V, 5 kW, =0.8 1000 /min.

150

,

af RR 5 .

Nm

PT

m

m 7.47

AV

PI

VI

P mm 6.41

. 6.15

maafT kIRRV

I

Tka

6.0/

6

5

5 I

ITVR

II

TV

RR

mTf

mT

f

f 12.0

5

f

a

RR

5. 50 Hz 14.5 hp 1470 rpm.

3.0/2R 770

W, , .

mP

11400 W.

2.01500

14701500

S

S

n

nns

A

Rs

s

PI m 1.16

13 /2

151

1. , s = 0.05. 8 60 Hz, . (. n = 855 rpm).

2. 60 Hz 1710 rpm. . (. 0.05, 3 Hz).

3. , 6 , 60 Hz, 15 hp 220 V

: 1 0.128=R , /

2 0.0935=R , /

1 2 0.4962+ =X X .

3% :

)

) hp

)

4. , 2200 V 60 Hz, 20 14 kW.

0.4 . /

2R 0.2

=2 . 2%, :

) ,

) .

5. , , 50 hp 60Hz, 35 kW, 51 , 440 V () 1152 rpm. , 8.3 kW, 21.3 A 440 V 1164 rpm. 0.25 . :

)

) hp.

)

6. 3 kW 60 Hz 380 V (). 5 . :

152

)

)

) , . (. 1800 rpm, = 0.915, = 16.2 Nm).

7. , - , 1732 V ()

10 / =sX . 9 kW,

390 HP. (), 2500 V .

) .

) () .

8. 45 kW 0.8 , 208 V, 60 Hz. 0.6 ,

. maxT ,

.

9. , ,

10sX . .

10 380 V, 50 Hz 0.8 :

) kW

) , kVAR

)

)

)

) .

10. 440 V, 60 Hz. -

06.6sX . , =200 V

04.36 .

)

) .

11. 750 rpm 80 230 V. 0.11 . 20 40% 80 , 20 230 V.

12. 10 hp 230 V , 0.3 170 . , 2400 rpm, 2.7 . ,

153

38.4 , . ;

13. 230 V 3000 rpm 0.1 . 10 kW 0.5 kW.

)

)

) .

14. , , , . 50 hp, 190 A, 220 V, 600 rpm. :

= 3.7%

= 3.2%

= 2.8%

. 220 V , :

) rpm

) hp.

15. 5 , 15 kf=0.09. , 120 V 10000 . . .

16. 2 kf=0.1, 200 V 10400 W 2

. N , , 300 W. .

17. , 380 V, 50 Hz 12.6 0.6 . , 90%. , .

18. 200 Nm 873 / 60 Hz. , , hp. 0.85 . 850 / 50%.

154

19. 2 , 28 , 1500 2000 V 60 Hz . . , , , , , .

155

1.

)

)

)

2.

)

)

)

3. ; .

4. . ;

5. .

6. , ;

7. 20:1 . ; ( ).

8. 4.20 . ;

9. ;

10. ; ;

11. ;

12. (- ) , ;

13. 1400 1500 rpm;

14. ;

1. S.J. Chapman, AC-DC, , 2003.

2. Fitzgerald, Kingsley, Kusko, Electric Machinery, McGraw-Hill, 1971.

3. J. E. Adams, Electrical Principles and Practices, McGraw Hill, 1973.

4. McIntyre-Losee, , , 1993.

5. A. B. Carlson, D. G. Gisser, Electrical Engineering, Concepts and Applications, Addison Wesley, 1981.

6. E. V. Armensky, G. B. Falk, Fractional Horsepower Electrical Machines, MIR Publishers, Moscow, 1975.

7. R. Krishan, , , 2009

8. J. F. Gieras, Advancements in Electric Machines, Springer, 2008

ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΤΕΧΝΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΙΚΕΣ ΜΗΧΑΝΕΣ Tόμος B

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Transcript of ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΤΕΧΝΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΙΚΕΣ ΜΗΧΑΝΕΣ Tόμος B