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13

1

2 The Bolsheviks: the intellectual and political history of the triumph of communism in Russia : with a new preface. Adam Bruno Ulam. Harvard

University Press. p. 397. 3 The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union. Richard Sakwa. p. 73

4 Russia in War and Revolution: General William V. Judson's Accounts from Petrograd, 1917-1918. William Voorhees Judson. Kent State

University Press. p. 229 5 How the Soviet Union is Governed. Jerry F. Hough. p. 80

6 Russia in the Twentieth Century: The Quest for Stability. David R. Marples. p. 38

7 How the Soviet Union is Governed. Jerry F. Hough. p. 81 8 The Life and Times of Soviet Socialism. Alex F. Dowlah, John E. Elliott. p. 18 9 See Six Red Months in Russia by Louise Bryant, Chapter VII, available online

10 V. I. Lenin, Theses on the Constituent Assembly (1917), Lenin Internet Archive.

11 Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Present Revolution (a.k.a. The April Theses) (1917), Lenin Internet Archive.

12 For an account of the closure of the non-socialist newspapers in Petrograd by the Military Revolutionary Committee on 26 October see

Nikolai Sukhanov, The Russian Revolution, 1917, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1955), pp. 649-650. For the first Sovnarkom decree on press censorship see Rex A. Wade, The Russian Revolution, 1917, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2005), p.276. For the second Sovnarkom decree that established more extensive government control of the press see V. I. Lenin. Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 26, 1972, pp. 283-284, available online. 13

See V. I. Lenin. Reply To Questions From Peasants, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 26, 1972, pp. 300-301, available online 14

Encyclopedia of Russian history / James R. Millar, editor in chief, Thomson Gale, 2004, ISBN 978-0-02-865696-0 (v. 3), p. 1930 15

See Oliver H. Radkey. Russia Goes to the Polls: The Election to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4, vi, 171 p. 16

See V. I. Lenin. The Constituent Assembly Elections and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, December 1919, Collected Works, Volume 30, pages 253-275 Progress Publishers, 1965. Available online 17

The exact number of votes received by individual parties is still in dispute due to a large number of invalid ballots 18

Timothy J. Colton. Moscow: Governing the Socialist Metropolis. Harvard University Press. pg. 88 19

V. I. Lenin, The Extraordinary All-Russia Congress Of Soviets Of Peasants' Deputies: Speech On The Agrarian Question November 14, Lenin's Collected Works, Moscow: Progress Publishers (1972), Vol. XXVI, pp. 321-332. Available online. 20

See Israel Getzler. Kronstadt 1917-1921: The Fate of a Soviet Democracy, Cambridge University Press, 1983, paperback edition 2002, ISBN 978-0-521-89442-5 p.180 21

See Rex A. Wade. op. cit. p.277. See Lenin's decree published on 29 November in V. I. Lenin. Decree On The Arrest Of The Leaders Of The Civil War Against The Revolution, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 28, 1972, pp.351, available online 22

See V. I. Lenin. On The Opening Of The Constituent Assembly, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 26, 1972, pp. 367, available online. 23

Christopher Read, Lenin: A Revolutionary Life, Abingdon: Routledge (2005), p. 192. 24

See V. I. Lenin. Theses On The Constituent Assembly, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 26, 1972, pp. 379-383, available online 25

See V. I. Lenin. Speech At A Meeting Of The Central Committee Of The R.S.D.L.P.(B.), December 11(24), 1917 and footnotes, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 26, 1972, pp. 377, available online 26

Nikolai N. Smirnov, "Constituent Assembly", in Edward Acton, Vladimir Iu. Cherniaev & William G. Rosenberg (eds.), Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, Bloomington: Indiana University Press (1997), ISBN 978-0-253-33333-9 p. 332. 27

Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924, London: Pimlico (1997), p. 514. 28

F.F. Raskolnikov, Tales of Sub-Lieutenant Ilyin: The Tale of a Lost Day, Moscow, 1934, English translation London, New Park Publications Ltd, 1982, available online 29

Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Russian Revolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2008), p. 66. 30

Ronald W. Clark, Lenin: The Man Behind the Mask, London: Faber and Faber (1988), p. 304. 31

Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924, London: Pimlico (1997), p. 516. 32

Ronald W. Clark, Lenin: The Man Behind the Mask, London: Faber and Faber (1988), pp. 304-5. 33

See Jonathan D. Smele. Civil War in Siberia: The Anti-Bolshevik Government of Admiral Kolchak, 1918-1920, Cambridge University Press, 1996 ISBN 978-0-521-57335-1 p.34 on the violent opposition of Siberian landowners to the Constituent Assembly in the wake of this decision 34

Christopher Read, Lenin: A Revolutionary Life, Abingdon: Routledge (2005), p. 193. 35

Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924, London: Pimlico (1997), p. 517. 36

Ronald W. Clark, Lenin: The Man Behind the Mask, London: Faber and Faber (1988), p. 305. 37

Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924, London: Pimlico (1997), pp. 518-9. 38

E. H. Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-1923, London: Penguin (1966), p. 121. 39

O. H. Radkey, The Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1950), p. 72. 40

O. H. Radkey, The Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1950), p. 2. 41

See Nikolai N. Smirnov "Constituent Assembly" in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, op. cit., p.332 42

No. 1", in Partiia sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov posle oktiabr'skogo perevorota 1917 goda. Dokumenty iz arkhiva PS.-R., Amsterdam, Stichting Beheer IISG, 1989, p55. Quoted in Scott Smith. "The Socialists-Revolutionaries and the Dilemma of Civil War" in The Bolsheviks In Russian Society: The Revolution and the Civil War Years ed. Vladimir N. Brovkin, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1997, 83-104. Available online

14

43

See Scott Smith, op. cit. on the Bolshevik non-recognition of anti-Bolshevik deputies in Petrograd, Astrakhan, Tula, etc. 44

See Scott Smith, op. cit. on the evolution of the SRs' attitude towards the Bolshevik government 45

See Jonathan D. Smele. Op. cit., p.32 46

Both quotes from the "Constitution of the Ufa Directory", first published inNarodovlastie, No. 1, 1918, reprinted in Istoriya Rossii 1917 - 1940, Ekaterinburg, 1993, pp. 102 - 105, English translation available online 47

See Michael Melancon. "Chernov", in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, op.cit., p.137 48

See Ronald Grigor Suny. The Soviet Experiment: Russia, the USSR, and the Successor States, Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-19-508105-3 p.80 49

See Elizabeth A. Wood. Performing Justice: Agitation Trials in Early Soviet Russia, Cornell University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8014-4257-5, p.83 50

See Georg Schild. Between Ideology and Realpolitik: Woodrow Wilson and the Russian Revolution, 1917-1921, Contributions to the Study of World History, ISSN 0885-9159, no. 51, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1995, ISBN 978-0-313-29570-6 p.111 51

See Arnol'dov. Zhizn' i revoliutsiia, p. 158, quoted in Jonathan D. Smele, op.cit., p.254 52 See Nikolai N. Smirnov, "The Constituent Assembly" in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, op. cit., p. 332

Oliver Henry Radkey. Russia Goes to the Polls: The Election to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917, Ithaca,

Cornell University Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4 vi, 171 p.

Karl Kautsky. The Dictatorship of the Proletariat, chapter VI, Constituent Assembly and Soviet

The Russian Provisional Governments, eds. Robert Browder and Alexander Kerensky, Stanford University Press, 1961, in 3 volumes, 1875p.

Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams. From Liberty to Brest-Litovsk, the First Year of the Russian Revolution, London, Macmillan, 1919, 526p. OCLC: 15796701 xii, 526p. See chapter XIII on the Constituent Assembly

Boris Sokoloff. The White Nights, New York, Devin-Adair, 1956. See the chapter on unsuccessful attempts to defend the Constituent Assembly

The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1918. Documents and Materials, eds. Frank Alfred Golder, James Bunyan and Harold Fisher, Stanford University Press; H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1934. See the section on the Constituent Assembly