λ reduced with increase in quenching temperature
1
ENHANCEMENT OF HIGHLY MAGNEOSTRICTIVE COBALT FERRITE FOR ADVANCED SENSOR AND ACTUATOR APPLICATIONS I. C Nlebedim Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA. UK. Email † - [email protected] ; Phone † - +44 (0) 2920875936 CoFe 2 O 4 was prepared by mixing the constituent metallic oxides at appropriate ratios, calcining twice at 1000 o C and sintering at 1350 o C all in air for 24 hours. Selected samples were reheated to and quenched from 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 o C . λ reduced with increase in quenching temperature Compared to the unquenched sample, the slope of λ changed shape at high field region dλ/dH also decreased with increase in quenching temperature Decrease in both λ and dλ/dH can be explained in terms of changes in anisotropy and increase in stress due to quenching (dλ/dH) max of samples are higher than previous report in literature (1.37x10 -9 A -1 m) Compared to literature values, these high values of sensitivity (especially for the unquenched sample) may be due to differences in oxygen content of the samples. Acknowledgement This research was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant number EP/D057094 and by the US National Science Foundation under grant number DMR- 0402716. Characteriza tion Technique Used Sample Composition Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) Crystal Structure X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) Microstructure Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Magnetic Properties Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) Magnetostricti on Strain Gauges Cation ratio from EDX analysis is Co : Fe = 1.02 : 1.98 for all samples EDX analysis was not sensitive to oxygen content XRD results showed single phase spinel structure for all samples. SEM micrographs showed uniform microstructure which confirms single phase samples. Results were similar for all samples. These results indicate that changes after quenching are not due to crystal structure or composition changes. Room temperature magnetization at H = 4 MA/m shows an increase in magnetization with increase in quenching temperature. This might be due to cation redistribution among the spinel sites. First cubic anisotropy coefficient decreased with increase in quenching temperature. The coercive field also decreased with increase in the quenching μm The ability to tune the magnetostrictive properties of Co-ferrite offers the potential to develop high performance magnetomechanical stress sensor and actuator devices. Magnetostrictive properties such as strain sensitivity and magnetostriction can be tuned by cation doping and heat treatment. In this study, the capability of altering the magnetoelastic properties of cobalt ferrite by varying the cation distribution through quenching heat treatment has been demonstrated. Results from this study are compared with those obtained from cation substituted studies. Higher strain sensitivity was obtained for samples 2 and 3 Cation substituted samples (samples 5 to 9) also gave improved sensitivity High strain sensitivity correspond to high signal to background noise ratio Except for Ge 4+ /Co 2+ substitution (sample 6), amplitudes of magnetostriction were reduced for all samples compared to the previous study The obtained amplitudes of magnetostriction are still sufficient for many device developments Sample ID Composition λ (ppm) (dλ/dH) max (x10 -9 A -1 m) 1 Unquenched CoFe 2 O 4 (from previous study) -225 -1.37 2 Unquenched CoFe 2 O 4 (from this study) -150 -4.34 3 CoFe 2 O 4 (quenched from 600 o C) -162 -3.50 4 CoFe 2 O 4 (quenched from 800 o C) -145 -2.90 5 CoAl 0.1 Fe 1.9 O 4 -140 -2.90 6 Co 1.1 Ge 0.1 Fe 1.8 O 4 -241 -2.60 7 CoGa 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 -100 -3.2 8 CoMn 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 -150 -2.5 9 CoCr 0.2 Fe 1.8 O 4 -80 -1.5 Quenching Heat treat resulted in changes in magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of samples XRD, SEM and XRD results indicate that these changes are not due to changes in crystal structure or composition High strain sensitivity with sufficient magnetostriction obtained for samples are indicative of suitability of material for high sensitivity sensor and efficient actuator development. INTRODUCTION SAMPLE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION EDX, SEM and XRD RESULTS MAGNETIC PROPERTIES MAGNETOSTRICTION (λ) AND SENSITIVITY (dλ/dH) RESULT COMPARISON CONCLUSION
description
μm. ENHANCEMENT OF HIGHLY MAGNEOSTRICTIVE COBALT FERRITE FOR ADVANCED SENSOR AND ACTUATOR APPLICATIONS I. C Nlebedim Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA. UK. Email † - [email protected] ; Phone † - +44 (0) 2920875936. INTRODUCTION. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of λ reduced with increase in quenching temperature
ENHANCEMENT OF HIGHLY MAGNEOSTRICTIVE COBALT FERRITE FOR ADVANCED SENSOR AND ACTUATOR APPLICATIONS
I. C Nlebedim Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA. UK. Email†- [email protected]; Phone† - +44 (0) 2920875936
CoFe2O4 was prepared by mixing the constituent metallic oxides at
appropriate ratios, calcining twice at 1000 oC and sintering at 1350 oC all in air for 24 hours. Selected samples were reheated to and quenched from 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 oC .
λ reduced with increase in quenching temperature
Compared to the unquenched sample, the slope of λ changed shape at high field region
dλ/dH also decreased with increase in quenching temperature
Decrease in both λ and dλ/dH can be explained in terms of changes in anisotropy and increase in stress due to quenching
(dλ/dH)max of samples are higher than previous report in literature
(1.37x10-9 A-1m)
Compared to literature values, these high values of sensitivity (especially for the unquenched sample) may be due to differences in oxygen content of the samples.
AcknowledgementThis research was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under grant number EP/D057094 and by the US National Science Foundation under grant number DMR-0402716.
Characterization Technique Used
Sample Composition Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX)
Crystal Structure X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD)
Microstructure Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Magnetic Properties Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM)
Magnetostriction Strain Gauges
Cation ratio from EDX analysis is Co : Fe = 1.02 : 1.98 for all samples
EDX analysis was not sensitive to oxygen content XRD results showed single phase spinel structure for all samples. SEM micrographs showed uniform microstructure which confirms single phase samples. Results were similar for all samples.These results indicate that changes after quenching are not due to crystal structure or composition changes.
Room temperature magnetization at H = 4 MA/m shows an increase in magnetization with increase in quenching temperature.
This might be due to cation redistribution among the spinel sites.
First cubic anisotropy coefficient decreased with increase in quenching temperature.
The coercive field also decreased with increase in the quenching temperature
Change in coercive field may be due to change in anisotropy following cation redistribution
μm
The ability to tune the magnetostrictive properties of Co-ferrite offers the potential to develop high performance magnetomechanical stress sensor and actuator devices. Magnetostrictive properties such as strain sensitivity and magnetostriction can be tuned by cation doping and heat treatment. In this study, the capability of altering the magnetoelastic properties of cobalt ferrite by varying the cation distribution through quenching heat treatment has been demonstrated. Results from this study are compared with those obtained from cation substituted studies.
Higher strain sensitivity was obtained for samples 2 and 3 Cation substituted samples (samples 5 to 9) also gave improved sensitivity High strain sensitivity correspond to high signal to background noise ratio Except for Ge4+/Co2+ substitution (sample 6), amplitudes of magnetostriction were reduced for all samples compared to the previous study The obtained amplitudes of magnetostriction are still sufficient for many device developments
Sample ID Compositionλ
(ppm)
(dλ/dH)max
(x10-9 A-1m)
1Unquenched CoFe2O4
(from previous study)
-225 -1.37
2Unquenched CoFe2O4
(from this study)
-150 -4.34
3CoFe2O4
(quenched from 600 oC)
-162 -3.50
4CoFe2O4
(quenched from 800 oC)
-145 -2.90
5 CoAl0.1Fe1.9O4-140 -2.90
6 Co1.1Ge0.1Fe1.8O4-241 -2.60
7 CoGa0.2Fe1.8O4-100 -3.2
8 CoMn0.2Fe1.8O4-150 -2.5
9 CoCr0.2Fe1.8O4-80 -1.5
Quenching Heat treat resulted in changes in magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of samples XRD, SEM and XRD results indicate that these changes are not due to changes in crystal structure or composition High strain sensitivity with sufficient magnetostriction obtained for samples are indicative of suitability of material for high sensitivity sensor and efficient actuator development.
INTRODUCTION
SAMPLE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
EDX, SEM and XRD RESULTS
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
MAGNETOSTRICTION (λ) AND SENSITIVITY (dλ/dH)
RESULT COMPARISON
CONCLUSION
![Reduced Density Matrix Functional Theory for Many Electron ...sharma/talks/mafelap.pdf · Reduced density matrix functional theory Gilbert’s Theorem [PRB 12, 2111 (1975)] (HK for](https://static.fdocument.org/doc/165x107/5ebdb5d51f63336b041fae8b/reduced-density-matrix-functional-theory-for-many-electron-sharmatalks-.jpg)
