ΦΩΤΟΒΟΛΤΑΪΚΑ PANELS KYOCERA

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K YOCERA S OLAR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTS C ATALOG KYOCERA Solar, Inc. 2007 Specifications are subject to change without notice. Kyocera, The New Value Frontier, MyGen, MyGen Meridian, MyGen Skyline, Solar Grove, Kyocera Empowers Your Future and Solar Trees are registerd trademarks, all rights reserved, of Kyocera Solar Inc. and Kyocera Corporation. Other product and company names herein may be trademarked by their respective owners.

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ΦΩΤΟΒΟΛΤΑΪΚΑ PANELS KYOCERA

Transcript of ΦΩΤΟΒΟΛΤΑΪΚΑ PANELS KYOCERA

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KYOCERA SOLARINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS CATALOG

KYOCERA Solar, Inc. 2007Specifications are subject to change without notice.Kyocera, The New Value Frontier, MyGen, MyGen Meridian, MyGen Skyline, Solar Grove, Kyocera Empowers Your Future and Solar Trees are registerd trademarks, all rightsreserved, of Kyocera Solar Inc. and Kyocera Corporation. Other product and company names herein may be trademarked by their respective owners.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

1 I N T R O D U C T I O N

INTRODUCTIONThank you for your interest in KYOCERA Solar, Inc. Our IndustrialGroup consists of some of the most experienced and talentedengineers, technical support, and sales staff within the solarelectric power industry. Our expertise lies in designing,manufacturing, and installing the most technologicallyadvanced solar electric power systems available today. Withthousands of successful installations worldwide, it's not hard tounderstand why we continue to be the leader in the solar electricpower marketplace.

KYOCERA Solar,Inc.isa world-leadingsupplier ofenvironmentally sound,solar electric energysolutions.With

operating headquarters in Scottsdale,AZ,and regional sales centers inBrazil and Australia,KYOCERA Solar services thousands of customers inboth developed and developing regions.The company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of KYOCERA International,Inc.of San Diego,theNorth American headquarters and holding company for Kyoto,Japan-based KYOCERA Corporation.

KYOCERA Solar’s integrated solar energy systems are used intelecommunications;the oil and gas industry;rail road,safety andtraffic management systems;village electrification;remote vacationhome power generation;marine and RV applications;residential and

agricultural water pumping;and utility grid support systems for homesand commercial facilities.The management and staff of KYOCERA Solar are recognizedthroughout the industry for their leading experience and expertise.KYOCERA began research into photovoltaics in 1975,and has installedthousands of systems worldwide since 1978.Since that time,thecompany has expanded substantially both through acquisitions andthrough the rapid growth of our dealer sales network.

Timeline of KYOCERA Solar, Inc.

1975 KYOCERA helps organize the Japan Solar Energy Corp. tobegin research on solar cells

1979 Photocomm, Inc. is established

1983 KYOCERA begins marketing solar products in North America

1991 KYOCERA establishes Japan's largest solar cell production line

1996

ACX Technologies, Inc. acquires majority interest inPhotocomm, Inc., which previously acquired Sunelco andSolarjack, and had established Photocomm, PTY Limited inAustralia.

1997 Photocomm, Inc. acquires Integrated Power Corporation(established in 1983) from Westinghouse.

1998 Photocomm, Inc. is renamed IPC/Photocomm, Division ofGolden Genesis Company and re-incorporated in Delaware.

1998

IPC / Photocomm acquires Remote Power, Inc., (establishedin 1987). Golden Genesis acquires Solartec in Argentina(established in 1982) and New World Power do Brazil (estab-lished 1993).

1999 Golden Genesis Company acquired by KYOCERA Group andbecame KYOCERA Solar, Inc.

2004 Kyocera manufacturing goes global. The companytargets 240 megawatts of capacity for the coming year.

2005 Kyocera unveils first “Solar Grove” in San Diego, California

2006Kyocera’s 15x15 centimeter multicrystalline silicon PV cellachieves the world’s highest energy conversion efficiency todate (18.5%)

2007 Kyocera announces plans to expand its solar modulemanufactureing capacity to 500 megawatts

KYOCERA Solar,Inc.

Introduction 1Capabilities 2Markets Served 3Introduction to Solar 4Telecommunications 6Oil & Gas Applications 8Traffic Signaling 10Railroad Solar Power Systems 11Lighting 12Rural Development 13Department of Defense 15Modules and Components 16

Photovoltaic Modules 16Mounting Structures 18Controllers 19Inverters 25Batteries 33Battery Enclosures 37Shelters 39

Appendix 41Glossary 47Index 53

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Engineering

KYOCERA Solar services a diverse array of customersranging from small domestic businesses to internationalcompanies, governments and institutions. Our engineers andtechnicians assemble, integrate and test thousands of completesolar electric systems for immediate on-site deployment.

C A P A B I L I T I E S 2

CAPABILITIES

Integration

FieldServices

KYOCERA Solar provides its customers with a wide rangeof engineering services from conceptual design andfeasibility studies through detailed product documentationand power system specifications. Our experienced staffsupports both custom and standard products, incorporatingstate-of-the-art electronic, electrical and mechanicalcomponents and equipment.

KYOCERA Solar operates a full-time training facility at itsheadquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona. Our trainers, along withindustry experts, present the most complete and up-to-datecourses available. In addition, they travel to customer orproject locations to conduct customized on-site workshopsand seminars.

KYOCERA Solar has the facility, database, and specializedequipment that are vital to our engineers, enabling them tomake significant advances in remote power systems. Theseadvances include improved simulation models andenhanced control algorithms.

KYOCERA Solar is committed to ensuring quality andcustomer satisfaction. Through the effective application ofour quality control system, we prevent nonconformity andcreate continuous improvement. We also employ a completedocument control system that ensures repeatability.

TestingFacilities

KYOCERA Solar’s Project Manager coordinates all internaland external project requirements and is the contact pointfor all customer communications. The Project Manager isbacked by a senior systems engineer who, like the Project

Manager, provides support and design assistance.

KYOCERA Solar offers a variety of services, includinginstallation, supervision, site surveys, and assisting introubleshooting. We will train your personnel in powersystem theory, operation, and maintenance. For multi-yearperiods, KYOCERA Solar can be contracted to operate,

monitor and/or maintain KYOCERA-installed systems.

Training

QualityControl

ProjectManagement

Sales &Service

KYOCERA Solar employs a large Sales force that is dedicatedto turning your energy problem into a solar energy solution.With sales offices located in Scottsdale AZ, Denver CO, Elk GroveCA, Cypress TX, San Diego CA, Middletown VT, Lakewood CO,and Genoa City WI, help is close at hand. Our Customer SupportDepartment assures your satisfaction during and after the salesprocess. Our 30,000 square foot warehouse, is fully stocked witha complete line of balance of systems, assuring on-time deliveryof virtually everything needed for your project.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

3 M A R K E T S S E R V E D

MilitaryEven the military with all their resources

needs a supplier of power for theirequipment in remote areas.KYOCERA Solar

is successfully providing solar powersystems for all branches of the armed

forces.From standalone systems to hybridpower systems KYOCERA Solar producessystems to meet the needs of power and

environmental conditions no matter wherein the world they are deployed.

Water PumpingKYOCERA modules are ideal for

solar-electric water pumping systems.These systems replace generator or

hand-powered pumps,and are able toaffordably deliver a usable quantity of

water with no fuel cost and littlemaintenance.Solar water delivery systems

are used for both community andlivestock applications

MARKETS SERVED

Commercial Grid-Tie SystemsSolar "grid-tie" systems on

commercial buildings can be a cost-effective alternative to the

replacement of old, undergroundelectricity distribution feeder systems.

PV systems can be incorporated intorural or urban settings with equal

ease.

LightingKYOCERA's solar lighting systems are

used in a variety of applications,including street/parking lots,

billboard/highway signage, andbus/transit shelters.

Traffic SignalingSolar powered traffic systems are

located primarily in urban settings.Because the cost associated with

installing a transformer andunderground cable is substantial,

solar electric power offers a reliable,cost-effective solution.

Rural DevelopmentVaccine RefrigerationKYOCERA has supplied thousands ofWHO approved systems worldwide to

serve remote locations and improve thequality of life. Individuals and professional

organizations are increasingly turning tosolar electricity for lighting

homes,pumping clean drinkingwater,refrigerating vaccines and powering

schools.

TelecommunicationsKYOCERA has worldwide experiencein providing reliable and economical

solar electric systems for remotepower solutions. Typical applicationspowered by solar electricity includemicrowave repeaters, base stations,VSATs, and WLL telecommunication

systems.

GovernmentOur engineering and sales

professionals have worked with thedifferent branches of the U.S. defense

establishment to provide remotepower solutions to gunnery ranges,

naval tracking stations and smalltelecom repeater systems. KYOCERA

Solar is a GSA supplier, providingcomplete packages for standalone

and hybrid systems.

Railroad SignalingRemote signaling for railroad

applications is a KYOCERA specialty.Systems ranging from small two-volt

track circuits to larger intermediatesignaling systems are custom-

engineered to meet the demandingrequirements of the railroad industry.

Oil & GasWireless solar electric power is a logical

solution for the remote energy needs of

the oil & gas industry .Thousands of

integrated systems now operate

worldwide,delivering reliable,cost-

effective electricity for pipeline monitoring,

telemetry,offshore drilling rigs,and

cathodic protection.

KYOCERA Solar serves the widely varying needs of customers for distributed solar power through two major market channels. Industrialcustomers, such as original equipment manufacturers, government organizations, utilities, corporate clients, and institutions, are serviceddirectly with fully integrated systems packages.KYOCERA Solar also services a global network of authorized distributors and dealers withcomponents, packaged systems, engineering, technical support, project management, sales aids, and training.

At KYOCERA Solar Corporate Headquarters, teams of solar engineers and technicians assemble and integrate thousands of complete solarelectric systems for immediate on-site deployment by the customer.These systems range from specialty industrial modules to containermounted communication systems for international shipment.Modules are integrated by KYOCERA for use in these systems.

From large multi-kilowatt power plants to small trickle chargers, KYOCERA solar products are backed by experience and technology you canrely on for all of your photovoltaic applications.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

I N T R O D U C T I O N TO S O L A R 4

With the exception of nuclearpower, the sun is the source of allenergy used on Earth. Windpower, tidal energy, fossil fuels,hydroelectric plants all dependon the sun, the power enginethat drives our solar system.

The sun generates an amount of energy so vast as to bealmost inconceivable, and the energy that reaches the Earth'ssurface is substantial. Efficiently collecting this energy andconverting it to usable electric power is KYOCERA Solar'sprinciple business.

Photovoltaic devices collect solar energy and convert itdirectly, without moving parts or by-product of any kind, intoelectricity. Technologically, photovoltaic power systems arecapable of providing power for any purpose, large or small,remote or urban.

As prices have dropped, the market for photovoltaic (PV)systems has increased dramatically. PV power systems nowcompete in markets which were previously the unchallengeddomains of established power sources. In addition,characteristics such as reliability, longevity, simplicity, lowmaintenance, silence, and freedom from pollution makephotovoltaics compatible with many different applications.

A stand alone system is anon-hybrid PV powersystem that isindependent of the utilitygrid or any other powersource. The systems

operate reliably and are the best option for many remoteapplications around the world. Some requirements forobtaining long term performance from a system include:

PV power systems have several attributes which are quiteunique compared to other power systems, and call for verydifferent system design procedures. Following are some issuesthat must be considered:

INTRODUCTION

TO SOLAR

SolarElectricBasics

Antireflection CoatingTransparent AdhesiveCover Glass

Sunlight

Front Contact

n-Type Semiconductorp-Type Semiconductor Back Contact

ElectronElectron

Current

Electron

HoleHoleHole+

· Developing and following a complete operation and maintenance plan

· Consistent sizing calculations· Knowledge of hardware availability and performance· Use of good engineering practices when installing

the system

· Cost - For many applications, the advantages of PV systems offset their relatively high initial cost

· Efficiency - All components between the PV array andthe load must be highly efficient, and each component’s characteristics must be considered when sizing the system

· Modularity - A PV system can be designed for easy expansion

· Reliability - With no moving parts, a PV array is a uniquely reliable energy source, and the system designer must select system components which do not compromise that reliability

· Maintenance - Since most PV systems operate at remote, unattended sites, they must be designed for minimum maintenance, typically at six-month or one-year intervals

· Power Quality - The quality of the delivered power - frequency, ripple, voltage regulation, harmonic distortion - must be within the load's tolerance

· Environment - PV systems create no pollution and generate no waste products

Stand Alone PV Systems

Solar Irradiance

Module

Battery

Inverter

AC Loads

DC Loads

ChargeController

Stand Alone System

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

5 I N T R O D U C T I O N TO S O L A R

Hybrid power is one of themost exciting newdevelopments in remotepower generation for manyyears. With state-of-the-artintelligent controllers, weare now able to match the

strengths of very different power sources in a single advancedgenerating system. These new hybrid systems are makingtremendous improvements in the field of remote power supplytoward the goals of lower energy costs, utility-grade power andcontinuous power availability.

A PV power system can by hybridized with virtually any otherpower source, but the most common hybrids are ThermoElectric Generators (TEG), diesels, and wind generators. Whenhybridizing PV systems with engine-driven generators, acommon design technique is to size the PV array to support theload most of the time, with the engine generatorsimultaneously supporting the load and charging batterieswhen solar energy is limited.

Backup power systems cangive customer the peace ofmind during an emergencypower failure. In the eventof a power outage, thesystem automatically andinstantly transfers your

critical devices to its fully-charged bank of batteries. Backupsystems come in a wide range of sizes to meet every powerrequirement and budget.

Solar energy canprovide year-roundsavings in addition tobackup power. Solarpanels are silent,maintenance-free, andrequire no fuel otherthan sunlight. In mostinstances, you can sellexcess renewablepower back to yourlocal utility.

Backup Power

HybridSystems

Solar Irradiance

Module

Battery

Inverter

AC Loads

ChargeController

DC Loads

Wind Generator

Rectifier Generator

Solar Irradiance

Module

Battery

Inverter

AC Loads

Rectifier/ Battery Charger

DC Loads

UtilityUtility

Hybrid System

Battery Back-up System

Controller

Hybrid systems are typically used where:· The reliability afforded by the dual power source is vital· The characteristics of the power sources are

complementary. For instance, a PV-wind hybrid mightbe appropriate at a site with poor winter solar insolation but strong winter winds.

· The hybrid generator configuration is more cost effective than any single power technology.

· When available load is used, ther generator can supply the additional load requirement.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

T E L E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S 6

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Cellular / GSM Repeater

VSAT

One of the initial group of 5 systems powering a Cellular repeater for Etisalat in thedesert of the U.A.E., it includes two shelters with integral photovoltaic arrays. Theshelter on the right houses the load-telecommunications equipment-and includes agravity-flow sealed-loop passive cooling system. The other shelter houses the dieselgenerator, batteries and control equipment in an area conditioned by an IPC phase-change cooling system.

KYOCERA Solar is the leading supplier of photovoltaic and hybridpower systems to the telecommunications industry in theirworldwide expansion of communications into rural and remoteareas.

Obtaining reliable and cost effective power solutions for theworldwide expansion of telecommunications into rural andremote areas presents a very challenging problem. Utilities areeither non-existent or their extensions can be extremely costly.Although initial costs are low, powering these sites withgenerators require significant maintenance, high fuelconsumption and delivery costs. For over two decades, telecomOEM's, network providers, and telecom contractors have beenturning to KYOCERA Solar for their remote power solutions.

Whether its power for a residential subscriber phone, microwavebackbone, or GSM repeaters, solar and hybrid power systemsengineered and integrated by KYOCERA Solar provide the bestpossible solution without jeopardizing value and performance.Our many thousands of worldwide installations are a testimonyto our engineering and performance excellence.

Applications· Cellular/GSM

Repeaters· Microwave Repeaters· Wireless Local Loop

(WLL)· VSATs· UHF/VHF Radio

Repeaters

· Fiber Optic Repeaters· Earth Stations· TV Translators· Relay Stations· Call Boxes· Distance Learning

Features· KYOCERA Solar Modules· Complete integrated power systems· Simple to install and easy to maintain· Remote Control and Monitoring· Reliable and Cost Effective Compared to Utility

Extensions or Generators· Engineered to USA and Internationally Recognized

Electrical Standards· Two Year System Warranty· Project Management· Complete System Documentation· Worldwide installation· Training

Throughout Xinjiang Province China, over 1000 villages have receivedtelecommunications for the first time with assistance from KYOCERA Solar. KYOCERASolar systems installed throughout Xinjiang are powering 3 & 4 channel VSATs, with300W and 400W solar arrays. Due to the enormous success of this contract, Xinjiangwas used as a template in an additional contract received by KYOCERA Solar for thedelivery of 1300 systems into Tibet for powering 3,4 & 6 channel VSATs

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

7 T E L E C O M M U N I C A T I O N S

Microwave

TV/FM Translator

Microwave is a leading independent communication source of broadband that requires highpower for greater performance. Microwave is used in sophisticated applications, includingaircraft satellite communications, medical oncology systems, instrumentation and a variety ofdefense applications. The image on the right shows Tactical Information Subsystem (TIS) masterplatform with microwave, RTU, VHF radio and navigation aids installed for Cubic Defense in theGulf of Mexico.

These critical telecommunication sites require power systems to be engineered with extremelyhigh standards and reliability. KYOCERA Solar is recognized as one of the world-leadingcompanies that are highly capable in the engineering and integration of reliable, high qualitysolar power systems. Attention is paid to every detail of the power system, from ensuring systemcapacities and systems' annual power availability, to the proper engineering and supply of thebalance of subsystem components. Power systems are engineered to domestic and internationalelectrical and mechanical standards, meeting the customer’s electrical power requirements.

Distance Learning SystemsOffices and schools require an increasing amount of energy to keep pace withthe rapid advances in information technology. Unfortunately, many ruralschools in developing countries lack even basic lighting. Solar power systemscan help these schools to extend learning opportunities, and in some cases,schools make the leap from no light straight to the information age.

Distance learning is playing a greater role in all sectors of education and solarelectricity provides the power needed for computers, printers and satellitecommunications. KYOCERA Solar staff is trained to assess the needs of aschool and customize a power system solution for the specific location andplans.

A power system is more than a collection of components. Knowledge and expertisein system design, engineering and integration also requires broad perspective andreal world experience in installing and managing projects. Since 1979, KYOCERASolar has successfully powered many thousands of telecom sites which areoperating worldwide, including distance learning centers. KYOCERA Solar'sexperience in system engineering and integration is unparalleled in the solarelectric industry.

A translator tower serves to simultaneously rebroadcast television and FM signals to rural regionsto supplement the lack of local stations. Unstaffed, these signal transmitters are a major tool forbroadcasting media to reach rural areas. The high-power repeaters typically send out a singleservice for a whole state.

The image on the left is a completed site at Shamm overlooking the Straits of Hormuz. Thetranslator allows TV and FM signals to be relayed into local fishing villages. Foundation to the Eastof the shelter allows room for additional ground mounted panels to be placed in the event offuture system expansion.

KYOCERA solar system is relied upon to supply operating and back-up power to these theseinstallations to ensure steady and continuous operation of each critical site.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

O IL & G AS A P P L I C A T I O N S 8

Remote Monitoring & Telecommunication SystemsOil and Gas exploration, monitoring of wells, SCADA andprocessing usually supercedes the extension of utility lines.The use of solar energy has made the monitoring of gas andoil lines reliable and an inexpensive means to protect yourinvestment, as well as the protection of these lines with theuse of Cathodic Protection. KYOCERA Solar has beenproviding systems large and small to meet the needs of theindustry for twenty five years.

Small systems for RTU, SCADA and Telemetry solutions aredesigned for the most demanding telemetry and SupervisoryControl and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications. TheModular design of systems provides ultimate flexibility andallows you to construct a solar system to meet the exactneeds of the SCADA and telemetry application.

KYOCERA Solar has designed and installed systems in allregions of the world from CP systems in the Gulf of Mexico,the Middle East and Africa, including systems for RTU, Scadaand flow metering.

OIL & GAS APPLICATIONS

Photovoltaic power systems are well-suited to operatingautomation equipment used by the oil and gas industry. Thisequipment includes high-efficiency gas flow computers,Remote Telemetry Units (RTU's) and Supervisory Control andData Acquisition equipment (SCADA). The equipment's lowpower requirements and typically remote siting often make aPV system the most cost-effective power source. Customsystems have been designed and manufactured to OEM orend-user specifications. Manufactured in volume to servicemultiple-site projects, solar electric power systemsconsistently provide high quality at the lowest possible cost.

Applications· Cathodic Protection· Telemetry· RTU/SCADA· Flow Monitoring· Drilling Meters· Natural Gas

Automation· Gas Flow

Measurement

· Data Recording· Control Valves · Process Control

Equipment· Seismic Monitoring· Instrumentation· Tank Gauging

Features· Pre-packaged systems available from 1 watt to 50

kilowatts· Experience with Integrating & manufacturing since 1979· Pre-assembled and factory tested

· System Reliability· 6, 12, 24 or 48 DC power· Class I, Div II configured power systems available· One year warranty

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

9 O IL & G AS A P P L I C A T I O N S

Cathodic Protection SystemsKYOCERA Solar has been providing high quality CathodicProtection (CP) systems for over 25 years. KYOCERA Solarprovides a complete solar power supply for corrosionprevention especially for pipelines, bridges, wellheads andother structures which need protection. KYOCERA Solar'shigh efficiency CP systems are designed specifically forremote applications; where reliability is key for unattendedsites.

KYOCERA Solar specializes in pre-installation designassistance, ensuring the CP solar power system is properlydesigned to meet individual customer and site requirements.Pre-installation design is crucial for the system to deliver yearsof top level performance and low maintenance costs.

The heart of a KYOCERA Solar CP system is our control system,a solid state power converter specifically designed for solar CPsystems. The controller provides user-adjustable regulatedvoltage and current outputs to the structure requiringprotection. The controller is simply calibrated to fieldrequirements with easily accessible adjustments.

A KYOCERA Solar CP system includes solar modules,mounting structures, CP controller (with integrated solarcharge regulation) storage batteries, system enclosure,installation/wiring kit and a Installation, Operation andMaintenance manual.

Photovoltaic Array

Battery

+ -

Pipe (Cathode) Earth (Anode)

Ground

Output (+)

Output (-)

Cathodic Protection Controller

Circuit Breaker

CP EnclosureCharge

Regulator

Features· KYOCERA Solar Modules· 20 Year Solar Module Warranty· Complete System Packages· Simple to Install and Easy to Maintain· Thorough System Documentation· Engineering Design Assistance· Ground or Pole Mount Designs· Solid State CP Controller· Adjustable Voltage/Current Outputs· System Metering· Automatic Low Voltage Shutdown· Surge Suppression· NEMA 3R Enclosures· Vandal Resistant Designs (optional)· Hot Dipped Galvanized Structures (optional)· NEMA 4X Enclosures (optional)· Installation Services (optional)

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

T R A F F I C S I G N A L I N G 10

TRAFFIC SIGNALING

KYOCERA Solar is one of the leading suppliers of solarpowered flashing beacon systems and equipment to theTraffic Safety Industry. Our Traffic Signal systems range fromSchool Zone Flashers, Speed Awareness Displays to 24-HourFlashers and Changeable Message Displays.

KYOCERA Solar will alsoprovide remote controland paging equipment tocontrol the flashingsystems from a centraloffice or computernetwork. KYOCERA Solaralso provides customdesign and fieldengineering services.

Applications· 24 Hour Flashing Beacon Systems· School Zone Flashing Beacon Systems with

programmable time control· Speed Awareness Displays· Firehouse Entrance / Exit Warning Beacons· Intersection / Crosswalk Warning· Work Zones· Sharp Curve Warning · Factory/Plant/Facility Entrance Warning

Features· Low Cost Installation - easily and quickly deployed

in any location· LED Beacons - Long Life with Low Power

Consumption· Virtually Maintenance Free Design· Complete System Packages with Poles· Vandal and Theft Resistant components and

Hardware· 20-Year Warranty Solar Modules· Long Life - Deep Cycle - Maintenance Free Batteries· Remote Control Activation - Optional

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

11 R A I L R O A D S O L A R P O W E R S Y S T E M S

RAILROAD

SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS

KYOCERA Solar leads the industry in providing solar electricpower systems for railroad applications. We are the onlysupplier to the railroad industry concentrating 100% of ourtime to solar electric applications and products. We canprovide a solar power solution from wayside signaling tohybrid power systems for rail cars.

The KYOCERA Solar team is dedicated to providing the verybest solution to your railroad installation. We provide fullyengineered, highly reliable, low cost power systems for a widevariety of applications.

KYOCERA Solar specializes in pre-installation design assistanceto ensure the solar power supply is properly designed andinstalled to deliver years of top level performance and lowcost maintenance service.

From 2-Volt Track Circuit Systems to fully integratedequipment shelters with generator backup a KYOCERA Solarsolar power system is the only answer to your remote powerneeds.

Applications· Wayside Signaling· Intermediate /

Approach Light Signals· Repeater Locations· Hot Box Detectors· Grade Crossing Hybrid

Power Systems· Telecommunication

Power Supplies· Control Points· Electric Switch Locks· AEI Equipment

· Dragging Equipment Detectors

· Rail car solar power supplies

· Switch Machines· Lighting Installations· 2-Volt Track Circuit

Systems and Controllers

· Primary Battery Replacement

· Trailer/Skid Mounted Portable Designs

Features· Engineering Design

Assistance· Site Survey Analysis

(before & after installation)

· Vandal Resistant Designs

· CAD Sizing Analysis (Standalone and Hybrid)

· Ground and Pole Mount

· Wood/Telephone Pole Mounted Systems

· Hot Dipped GalvanizedSteel Poles & Mounts

· Anodized Aluminum Poles & Mounts

· Complete System Installation Kits/Packages

· Thorough Documentation and Manuals

· On-site Training and Installation Services

· Custom Solar Module and System Design

· System Performance Warranty

· Turnkey Installation Services

· Long-term MaintenanceServices

· Lead Acid or Ni-Cad Charge Regulation

· Fully Integrated Equipment Shelters Available

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

L I G H T I N G 12

SSttrreeeett // PPaarrkkiinngg LLoott LLiigghhttiinngg SSyysstteemmssKYOCERA Solar lighting systems meet a variety of roadway,parking lot and area lighting applications. The safety andconvenience of parking lot users is critical in these litigioustimes. A solar powered lighting system is today's answer toreliable lighting.

Bring us your lighting needs and our engineering staff candesign a custom system that meets your requirements, at aprice that will make solar power a real alternative totrenching-in power lines and paying monthly bills.

BBiillllbbooaarrdd // HHiigghhwwaayy SSiiggnnaaggee LLiigghhttiinngg SSyysstteemmssKYOCERA Solar's sign lighting systems guarantee reliablenighttime lighting of your advertising board or informationsign. Through the use of state-of-the-art lighting controllersand lamps, coupled with highly efficient, reflective fluorescentfixtures, the watt/light ratio is the highest it can be. This keepscosts down and reliability up.

From the smallest community entrance sign to the largest twosided billboard, KYOCERA Solar's many years of experience,make us your best choice for all your sign lighting needs.

BBuuss // TTrraannssiitt SShheelltteerr LLiigghhttiinngg SSyysstteemmssMost urban shelters today are surrounded by utility power.However, both the safety of our low voltage D.C. systems andthe many restrictions to utility connections make solar poweran ideal and low cost choice to power both your advertisingspace and the seating area of the shelter.

With today's modern solar equipment, the power source canbe made virtually invisible to the shelter user. Vandal resistantlighting fixtures assure minimum maintenance and reliableservice in almost any city on earth.

LIGHTING

Features· High efficiency DC lights feature long life, low power

consumption, and high light intensity.· Bus/transit shelters feature multiple controllers and

lights for both advertising and courtesy lighting.· KYOCERA Solar uses Morningstar Sunlight

controllers which use the solar array for daylight detection, eliminating the need for additional photosensors.

· Complete system kits / packages· Low maintenance· Easy to install

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

13 R U R A L D E V E L O P M E N T

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

People living in areas without utility grid powersupplied are increasingly turning to solar electricity forlighting homes, pumping clean drinking water,refrigerating vaccines and powering schools in the 21stcentury.

Many remote locations will never be served by atraditional utility scale power supply. Power choices arelimited to generating with costly and troublesome fuelfired generators, using renewable energies like solarpower or simply doing without electricity. Clean,sustainable renewable energy is the preferred solutionand often solar power offers the best chance toimprove quality of life.

KYOCERA Solar. has supplied thousands of suchsystems worldwide while advancing the technologiesthat are most appropriate for rural electrification.

Village ElectrificationRemote villages can improve the quality of life with solar electric power. In some cases, acentral solar power system is installed with transmission lines to bring power to the user.These systems can be standalone solar or hybrid designs. Hybrid designs will use abackup generator to overcome high demands or high initial costs. Since the exactdemand of a village is not always apparent, KYOCERA staff are prepared to collect thebackground information and then provide a design solution.

In other cases, distributed orindividual solar home systems areused. Many thousands of SolarHome Systems (SHS) have beensupplied by KYOCERA. Often,these are small solar powersystems designed to operate afew lights and perhaps a radio orTV. A SHS can be expanded tomatch the expected demand.

Rural electrification brings the benefits of electrical power to thoseliving in areas where traditional power is not available. Quality of lifeoften improves and economic development can progress. KYOCERAsupports the use of appropriate technology for sustainabledevelopment.

Applications· Micro enterprises· Village electrification· Solar home systems· Vaccine refrigeration· Clinic power

· Water pumping· Distance learning· Community centers· Communications· Places of worship

Features· WHO Qualified Supplier of solar vaccine refrigeration systems· Worldwide project experience· Highest standards of quality in the industry· Only manufacturer to make both water pump and solar modules· Custom design and engineering service available· Project management · Installation/training· Two year systems warranty

Photo courtesy of Solar Electric Light Fund

Photo courtesy of Solar Electric Light Fund

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

R U R A L D E V E L O P M E N T 14

Vaccine Refrigeration and ClinicsConserving vaccine and other sensitive medical supplies iscrucial to improving the health of rural peoples. For over adecade, KYOCERA Solar. has been a global leader insupplying solar powered clinic systems while earning aWorld Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF designationas a Qualified System Supplier of solar powered vaccinerefrigeration systems.

With our extensive international experience in theengineering, integration and deployment of such systems,KYOCERA Solar has advanced the state of the art byproducing the VaccPak, a WHO tested and approvedvaccine refrigerator/icepack freezer with the lowest energyconsumption reported to date. Long life, high qualitybatteries are used to ensure the system will reliably operateyear after year. Battery life is further increased by theVaccPaks unique solar "icelining"which also extends thestorage period of the battery from five to six days. Lowenergy consumption helped to also make the VaccPak the worlds most economical vaccine refrigerator thereby helping expandthe immunization cold chain to reach more people than ever before.

The VaccPak can be expanded to power other medical center requirements including lighting, communications and medicalequipment. Contact our staff for an estimate.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

15 D E P A R T M E N T OF D E F E N S E

KYOCERA Solar has worked with the military branches of U.S.Armed Forces for many years, providing power to locationsfar from utility lines and in areas where vehicle access is notan option. KYOCERA Solar has worked with US andInternational defense departments as well as supportingcontractors, providing stand alone and hybrid powersolutions to meet both load and extreme environmentalrequirements. KYOCERA Solar's engineering department hasdesigned systems to meet strict domestic and Internationalcodes and standards as well as incorporating over twodecades of field experience. From stand alone systems forsmall repeaters to large hybrid power systems for trailermounted & air-transportable systems, the KYOCERA Solar’steam of experienced engineers and sales engineers will workwith your agency to design a system to meet your needs.

Examples of systems supplied for one branch of the USArmed Forces are: hybrid Photovoltaic and Thermal ElectricGenerator (TEG) systems used for the Tactical Air Combat Maneuvering and Instrumentation (ACMI) Range located in theYukon Range in Alaska, Yuma in Arizona and the Gulf of Mexico. The systems were required to have appropriateenvironmental control to operate reliably and avoid battery damage in extreme conditions, where wintertime temperaturesoften drop below -10°F. Since each of these 3 sites were inaccessible by road, these systems were engineered for delivery byhelicopter and to withstand a full 125-MPH wind load.

Another branch located in the deserts of Southern California required a reliable way to power radio equipment in theoutlying areas of the base. They relied upon KYOCERA Solar to design and provide the equipment for these sites. Upgrades tothe systems have been accomplished by providing wind generators to sustain a small increase in loads.

Applications· Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation (ACMI) Ranges· UHF / VHF Radios· Microwave· Cross band repeaters· Lighting · Security · Warning Signals

Features· Fully integrated Systems· Complete Engineering· 20 year warrantied modules· Reliable· Environmentally sound

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

KYOCERA Solar, Inc. is a registered GSA supplier.

Our GSA # is 07F-7088B

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S 16

MODULES AND COMPONENTSSolar modules are the heart of a photovoltaic power system.However, a PV system is only as good as the sum of its parts. If you are looking forthe parts necessary to build your own system, KYOCERA Solar carries a complete line of the highest quality solar modules and components.Theproducts we carry have all passed through our comprehensive test facilities and most have also stood the test of time.

This section of our catalog will provide the description and technical specifications you need to make intelligent decisions when choosing com-ponents for your system.Our sales and engineering staff are always at your disposal to answer questions that are not covered in this section.

Photovoltaic Modules

KYOCERA Factory Certifications• ISO 9001• ISO 14000

KC Module Certifications• UL 1703• IEC 61215• CEC 503• TÜV Rheinland• Class I Div II (KC40-125)

Features• High efficiency multi-crystalline modules• KC65T-KC200T modules have a +10/-5% power

tolerance, KC40T-50T: +15/-5%• Cell Efficiency over 18.5%• UL listed• Low iron, tempered glass, EVA encapsulant

and anodized aluminum frame construction• 20 year output warranty on KC Series modules• Weather resistant junction box or Multi ContactTM

connectors

KKYYOOCCEERRAA SSoollaarr MMoodduulleessKYOCERA's advanced cell processing technology and automatedproduction facilities have produced a multi-crystalline solar cell with anefficiency of over 16%. All modules are constructed using a tempered glassfront, EVA pottant and a PVF backing to provide maximum protection fromthe severest environmental conditions. The entire laminate is framed in aheavy duty anodized aluminum frame to provide structural strength andease of installation. Because KYOCERA modules are so efficient, less space isrequired than other solar modules of equal output. This translates to bothmore wattage per square foot and lower mounting structure cost.

KKYYOOCCEERRAA dd..BBlluuee SSoollaarr MMoodduulleeKYOCERA has perfected its new surface treatment technology and isintroducing it on a new line of modules named d.Blue, for its dark bluecolor.

The newly developed treatment method processes multi-crystalline siliconcells in order to produce a surface texture that minimizes surfacereflectance and maximizes output. The result is a maximum conversionefficiency of 16 %, one of the highest conversion efficiencies in thepolycrystalline module industry.

d.Blue is ideal for installation in all types of systems, from SCADA to largescale commercial systems.

D.Blue modules are available in the entire Kyocera line.All feature an industry high 20-year power output warranty.

KC Solar Module Family

KC200GT KC130TM

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

17 M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S

SSmmaallll WWaattttaaggee PPhhoottoovvoollttaaiicc MMoodduulleessUsing highly efficient KYOCERA multi-crystal PV cells, these modules are manufactured in small sizes for more flexibility andversatility in applications that require small spaces and minimal amounts of electricity.

Applications• Village electrification• Electrification of remote homes and schools• Power for medical facilities, security posts and

community centers• Water pumping systems and desalination systems• Warning lights, traffic systems and railroad signals• Telecommunications, radios, sensing and signaling

equipment• Battery charging for boats and RV’s• Pipeline monitoring and cathodic protection systems

Small Wattage Modules

All specifications at 25oC cell temperature, 1.5 AM and 1000W/m2. Wattage rating are +10% / -5%. (KC40T + / -5%). KC “T’ and “TM” moduleshave a conduit ready junction box.“GT” modules have multi-contact connectors.

Product Name andDescription

KC200GT

KC175GT

KC130GT

KC130TM

KC85T KC65T KC50T KC40T

Part Number 501001 501002 501003 501004 703004 703005 703007 703008

Rated Power (Watts) 200.0 175.0 130.0 130.0 87.3 65.2 54.1 43.1

Series Fusing (Amps) 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 11.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Current at Max.Power (Amps) 7.61 7.42 7.39 7.39 5.02 3.75 3.11 2.48

Voltage at Max.Power (Volts) 26.3 23.6 17.6 17.6 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4

Short Circuit Current (Amps) 8.21 8.09 8.02 8.02 5.34 3.99 3.31 2.65

Open Circuit Voltage (Volts) 32.9 29.2 21.9 21.9 21.7 21.7 21.7 21.7

Length (Inches) 56.2 50.8 56.0 56.0 39.6 29.6 25.2 20.7

Width (Inches) 39.0 39.0 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.7 25.7

Depth of frame (Inches) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Depth including j-box 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1

Shipping Weight (lbs.) 40.7 35.3 33.0 33.0 24.0 18.0 16.0 13.0

Product Name and Description KS 40 KS 20 KS 10 KS 5

Part Number 705446 703022 703020 703019

Rated Power (Watts) 40.0 20.0 10.0 5.0

Current at Max.Power (Amps) 2.34 1.20 0.60 0.29

Voltage at Max.Power (Volts) 16.90 16.90 16.90 16.90

Short Circuit Current (Amps) 2.48 1.24 0.62 0.31

Open Circuit Voltage 21.50 21.50 21.50 21.50

Length (Inches) 39.0 20.5 12.0 8.1

Width (Inches) 13.50 13.86 13.86 13.86

Depth (Inches) 2.20 0.87 0.87 0.87

Shipping Weight (lbs.) 13.0 6.0 4.4 3.0

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S 18

There are fourbasic types ofmountingstructures:roof/ground,top-of-pole,side-of-pole

and tracking mounts, each having their own pros and cons. Forexample, roof mount structures typically keep the wire rundistances between the solar array and battery bank or grid-tieinverter to a minimum, which is good, but they may also requireroof penetrations in multiple locations, and they require anexpensive ground fault protection device to satisfy article 690-5of the National Electrical Code-NEC. On the other hand, groundmounted solar arrays require fairly precise foundation setup, aremore susceptible to theft/vandalism and excessive snowaccumulation at the bottom of the array. A variation on this is anelevated structure, see picture to right. Next are top-of-polemounts which are relatively easy to install (you sink a 2-6 inchdiameter SCH40 steel pole up to 4-6 feet in the ground withconcrete). Make sure that the pole is plumb and mount the solarmodules and rack on top of the pole. Top-of-pole mounts reducethe risk of theft/vandalism (as compared to a ground mount).They are also a better choice for cold climates because snowslides off easily. Side of pole mounts are easy to install, but aretypically used for small numbers of solar modules (1-4) or forremote lighting systems where there is an existing pole to attachthem to. Last but not least are the trackers, which increase thedaily number of full sun hours and are usually used for solarwater pumping applications. Trackers are extremely effective inthe summer time when water is needed the most. In thenorthern U.S., typical home energy usage peaks in the winterwhen a tracker mount makes very little difference as comparedto any type of fixed mount (roof, ground or top-of-pole). In thissituation, having more modules on a less expensive fixed mountwill serve you better in the winter than fewer modules on atracker. However, if you are in the southern U.S. and your energyusage peaks in the summer, then a tracker may be beneficial tomatch the time of your highest energy consumption with atracking solar array’s maximum energy output.

CCuussttoomm MMoodduulleessKYOCERA manufacturers custom solar modules engineeredfor your application. Custom modules are designed for uniquegeometry, mounting, terminations, and environments. Avariety of substrates and encapsulation methods can beemployed to provide high quality solar modules. Module sizesrange from 1/2 watt to 30 watts.

Roof/Ground Mount

Side of Pole Mount

Top of Pole Mount

Trackers

Applications• Geophysical equipment• Oil & gas monitoring• Railroad signaling• Outdoor lighting

• Traffic warning• LEO satellites• Military equipment• Irrigation controls

KYOCERA Custom PV Modules

Mounting Structures

Types of MountingStructures

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

19 M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S

ControllersThe main function of acontroller or regulatoris to fully charge abattery withoutpermitting overchargewhile preventingreverse current flow at

night. If a non-self-regulating solar array is connected to leadacid batteries with no overcharge protection, battery life willbe compromised. Simple controllers contain a transistor thatshunts the PV charging circuit, terminating the charge at apre-set high voltage and, once a pre-set reconnect is reached,opens the shunt, allowing charging to resume. Moresophisticated controllers utilize pulse width modulation(PWM) or maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to assurethe battery is being fully charged. The first 70% to 80% ofbattery capacity is easily replaced, but the last 20% to 30%requires more attention and therefore more complexity.

The circuitry in a controller reads the voltage of the batteriesto determine the state of charge. Designs and circuits vary, butmost controllers read voltage to control the amount ofcurrent flowing into the battery as the battery nears fullcharge. Features of a controller to consider include:

• Reverse current leakage protection – by disconnecting the array or using a blocking diode to prevent current loss into the solar modules at night.

• Low-voltage load disconnect (LVD) – to reduce damage to batteries by avoiding deep discharge.

• System monitoring - analog or digital meters, indicator lights and/or warning alarms.

• Overcurrent protection – with fuses and/or circuit breakers

• Mounting options – flush mounting, wall mounting,indoor or outdoor enclosures.

• System control – control of other components in the system; standby generator or auxiliary charging system,diverting array power once batteries are charged,transfer to secondary batteries.

• Load control – automatic control of secondary loads, or control of lights, water pumps or other loads with timers or switches

• Temperature compensation – utilized whenever batteries are placed in a non-climate-controlled space.The charging voltage is adjusted to the temperature.

• Remote monitoring and control of all PV parameters

• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) – an efficient charging method that maintains a battery at its maximum state of charge and minimizes sulfation build-up by pulsing the battery voltage at a high frequency.

• Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) – a new charging method designed to extract the most power possible out of a solar module by altering its operating voltage to maximize the power output.

Some systems require most of these functions, others requireonly one or a certain combination.

Charge controllers are ratedand sized by the array currentand system voltage. Mostcommon are 12, 24, and 48-voltcontrollers. Amperage ratingsrun from 1 amp to 400 amps,voltages from 6-120 volts.

For example, if one module in your 12-volt system produces7.45 amps and two modules are utilized, your system willproduce 14.9 amps of current at 12 volts. Because of lightreflection and the edge of cloud effect, sporadically increasedcurrent levels are not uncommon. For this reason we increasethe controller amperage by a minimum of 25% bringing ourminimum controller amperage to 18.6. Looking through theproducts we find a 20-amp controller, as close a match aspossible. There is no problem going with a 30-amp or largercontroller, other than the additional cost. If you think thesystem may increase in size, additional amperage capacity atthis time should be considered.

Why you needa Controller

How controllers work andavailable options

Sizing aController

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S 20

MMoorrnniinnggssttaarr CCoonnttrroolllleerrssProStar Charge ControllersMorningstar has upgraded their very popular ProStar line of pulse width modulated (PWM) charge controllers to include several new features.The newdesign is still dual voltage at 12 or 24 volts with an optional LCD display, but it is now available only in 15 or 30 amp capacities. Morningstar has added a15 amp 48 volt model to the ProStar lineup that comes standard with the LCD display. A 15A/48V positive ground model (PN 34939) is available.TheProStar’s LCD display still shows battery voltage, array amperage and load amperage (if applicable), but now it also shows system information when aself diagnostics test is performed as well as error codes to let you know what is going on if it detects a fault. Internal temperature compensation is stillstandard.These additional features make the new ProStar controllers one of the most advanced on the market. Five year warranty.

The SunGuard is the little brother of the SunSaver and it is only available in a 12V version with a 4 amp capacity. It is also a PWM controllerwith temperature compensation and simple 4 wire hookup. The SunGuard has a slightly lower output voltage (14.1 V) than the SunSaver andProStar and may not be the best choice for flooded batteries that require a higher voltage. Five year warranty. The SHS was specificallydesigned to meet the needs of solar home systems in developing countries. WARNING: These controllers switch the negative leg and donot meet NEC code. The voltage is preset at 14.3 volts and is not adjustable. Read specifications before ordering. Two year warranty

Morningstar ProStar Controller

Morningstar SunSaver

Product Name andDescription

PartNumber

Array/ LoadAmperage

Meter

PS-15 703062 15 No

PS-15M 703063 15 Yes

PS15M/48V 703064 15 Yes

PS-30 703057 30 No

PS-30M 703056 30 Yes

PS-15M/48V-PG 703050 15 Yes

PS-30M-PG 703070 30 Yes

Product Nameand Description

PartNumber

ArrayAmperage

LoadAmperage

Voltage LVD

SunSaver 6 703058 6.5 N/A 12 NoSunSaver 6L 703059 6.5 6 12 YesSunSaver 10 703060 10 N/A 12 NoSunSaver 10L 703061 10 10 12 YesSunSaver 20L 703048 20 20 12 YesSunSaver 10L-24 703051 10 10 24 YesSunSaver 20L-24 703049 20 20 24 YesSunGuard 4 703045 4.5 N/A 12 NoSHS 6 703046 6 6 12 YesSHS 10 703047 10 10 12 YesSK-6 703076 6 N/A 12 NoSK-12 703078 12 N/A 12 No

Product Name andDescription

PartNumber

Amperage Voltage

SunLight 10 703052 10 12

SunLight 10-24 703053 10 24

SunLight 20 703054 20 12

SunLight, SunSaver and SunGuard Charge ControllersThe SunSaver line of controllers offers most of the same features of the ProStar line, but without the battery status LED’s, automaticequalization circuit or the optional LCD display. The SunSaver is a PWM controller and is available in 12 or 24 volt models from 6 to 20 amps.Morningstar makes a variation of the SunSaver called the SunLight controller that is designed specifically for 12 or 24V lighting systems. AllSunSaver Controllers are FM approved for hazardous locations. Five year warranty.

Morningstar SunLight & Sunguard Controllers

Morningstar SHS

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

21 M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S

TriStarTTMM ControllersMorningstar’s TriStar Controller is a three-function controller that providesreliable solar battery charging, load control or diversion regulation. Thiscontroller operates in only one of these modes at a time but two or morecontrollers may be used to provide multiple functions. The TriStar uses advancedtechnology and automated production to provide exciting new features at acompetitive cost. The controller is UL listed and is designed for both solar homesystems and industrial applications. Five year warranty.

Morningstar TriStar Controller

Product Name andDescription

PartNumber

VoltageLoad

Amperage

TriStar-45 703065 12V, 24V, 48V 45

TriStar-60 703066 12V, 24V, 48V 60

TriStar Digital Meter 703067 - -

TriStar Remote Digital Meter 703068 - -

Remote Temperature Sensor (33ft.) 703069 - -

Relay Driver 703071 12V, 24V, 48V 750mA

SSppeecciiaallttyy CCoonncceepptt,, IInncc.. CCoonnttrroolllleerrssAutomatic Sequencing Charger (ASC)The ASC is a very compact, efficient, 100% solid-state battery charge regulator foruse in photovoltaic systems. It is available in 12-volt and 24-volt units up to 16amps. The ASC is a negative-ground shunt regulator, housed in an anodizedaluminum chassis and encapsulated in a hard epoxy resin. The terminal blockaccepts up to 12 gauge wire or a spade connector, providing simple installation.Shipping weight 2 lbs. Five year warranty.

Product Name and DescriptionPart

Number Volts

AmpCapacity

ASC 12/8 703884 12.0 8.0

ASC 12/8A - with Temp. Comp. 703885 12.0 8.0

ASC 12/8AE- with Temp. Comp. Low Voltage Disconnect 703887 12.0 8.0

ASC 12/16 703888 12.0 16.0

ASC 12/16A - with Temp. Comp. 703889 12.0 16.0

ASC 24/16 703891 24.0 16.0

• Solid state, encapsulated for high reliability.• Low frequency, pulse charge method – no RF noise.• UL listed, CSA, FM approved for hazardous locations.• Optional low voltage disconnect or alarm contacts.• 5 year warranty.• Optional temperature compensation is on a remote sensor for accurate

temperature monitoring.

ASC Controller

• Includes RS-232 communication port for customizing controller set points or data logging

• Optional on-board digital meter and remote meter • Designed for mechanical fit on a Xantrex power panel or OutBack PSDC• Provides extra bending room for large wires• 100% solid state microprocessor controller

Morningstar Relay Driver

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S 22

OOuuttBBaacckk MMPPPPTT CChhaarrggee CCoonnttrroolllleerrThe OutBack MX60 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller enablesyour PV system to achieve its highest possible performance. Rated for up to 60 amps ofDC output current, the MX60 can be used with battery systems from 12 to 60 VDC withPV open circuit voltage as high as 150 VDC. The MX60’s set points are fully adjustableto allow use with virtually any battery type, chemistry and charging profile. The MX60allows you to use a higher output voltage PV array with a lower voltage battery. Thisreduces wire size and power loss from the PV array to the battery / inverter locationand can maximize the performance of your PV system.

The MX60 comes standard with an easy to use and understand display of the PVsystem’s performance. The four line, 80 character, back-lit LCD display is also used forprogramming and monitoring of the system’s operation.

The MX60 can also be connected to the OutBack MATE system controller and displayto allow monitoring of up to eight MX60 controllers from a location up to 1000 feetaway. The MATE also includes an opto-isolated RS232 port for connection to a PC fordata logging and system monitoring. See page 32 for more information on the MATE.

Model Number MX60

Part Number 704271

Output Current Rating 60.0 Amps DC

Nominal Battery Voltage 12, 24, 32, 36, 48, 54, or 60 VDC

PV Maximum Open Circuit Voltage125 VDC Rated, 140 VDC Max. (Add 1 % to VOC for every 2.5oC below 25oC

Panel Rating (STC) to Calculate Max. Panel Voltage (VOC))

Standby Power Consumption Less than 1 Watt typical

Charging Regulation Methods Five Stage: Bulk, Absorption, Float, Silent, Equalization

Charging Regulation Set Points 13 - 80 VDC

Equalization Voltage Adjustable 1.0 to 5.0 VDC above Bulk Setpoint

Temperature Compensation Programmable slope -2.0mV/oC/Cell to -5.0mV/oC/Cell

Voltage Step-Down Capability Can change a 12 or 24 VDC battery from a 48V nominal PV array

Power Conversion Efficiency 99.1%@40A, 97.3%@60A

Digital Display 4 line 80 character backlit LCD Display

Remote Interface RJ45 Modular Connector CAT 5 Cable 8 wire

Operating Temperature Range -40 to 60 oC Power derated above 25 oC

Environmental Rating Indoor Type 1

Conduit Knockouts Two 3/4 - 1” on the back; One 1” - 1 1/2” on each side; Two 1” 1/2” on the bottom

Warranty Two years parts and labor / optional extended warranty

Dimensions (HxWxD) (in) Enclosure: 14.5 x 5.75 x 5.75 / Shipping Box: 17.75 x 10 x 7

Shipping Weight (lbs.) 15.0

MX60

Product Name and DescriptionPart

Number Shipping

Weight (lbs.)

RTS - Outback Remote Temperature Sensor w/ 20’ cable 55300 1.0

OutBack Charge Controller Accessories

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23 M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S

KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

OutBack MPPT Charge ControllerFM80The FLEXmax 80 is the latest innovation in Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)charge controllers from OutBack Power Systems.The FLEXmax 80’s innovative MPPTalgorithm is both continuous and active, increasing your renewable energy yield upto 30%.Thanks to enhanced cooling, the FLEXmax 80 can operate at its full 80 ampmaximum current rating in ambient temperatures as high as 104°F (40°C).

Included in the FLEXmax 80 are all of the features first developed by OutBack Powerin the revolutionary MX60, such as support for a wide range of nominal batteryvoltages and the ability to step-down a high voltage solar array to recharge a lowvoltage battery. A built-in backlit display shows status information at the touch of abutton. Enhanced network communications allow the FLEXmax 80 to be remotelyprogrammed via the optional MATE system display and controller.

The new FLEXmax 80 is the only choice when you demand a high performance,efficient and customizable charge controller for your advanced power system.

Model Number FM80

Part Number 705981

Output Current Rating 80.0 Amps DC at 104F (40C) w/adj. current limitNominal Battery Voltage 12, 24, 32, 36, 48, 54, or 60 VDCPV Maximum Open Circuit Voltage 150 VDC absolute max coldest conditions/145 VDC startup & op. max.Standby Power Consumption Less than 1 Watt typicalCharging Regulation Methods Five Stage: Bulk, Absorption, Float, Silent, EqualizationCharging Regulation Set Points 13 - 80 VDC user adjustable with password protectionData Logging Last 128 days of operationEqualization Voltage Programmable voltage setpoint and duration - Auto terminationTemperature compensation Automatic with optional RTS installed / 5.0 mVper degree C per 2V cellVoltage Step-Down Capability Can change a lower voltage battery from a higher voltage PV arrayPower Conversion Efficiency 97.5% @80A with a 48V system - TypicalDigital Display 4 line 80 character 3.1” backlit LCD DisplayRemote Interface RJ45 Modular Connector CAT 5 Cable 8 wireOperating Temperature Range -40 to 60 oC Power derated above 40 oCEnvironmental Rating Indoor Type 1Conduit Knockouts One 1” on the back; One 1” - 1” on the left side; Two 1” on the bottomWarranty 5 year warrantyDimensions (HxWxD) (in) Enclosure: 16.25 x 5.75 x 4 / Shipping Box: 21 x 10.5 x 9.75Shipping Weight (lbs.) 15.75

FM80

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M O D U L E S A N D C O M P O N E N T S 24

KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

PPhhoottoovvoollttaaiicc - HHyybbrriidd PPoowweerr SSyysstteemm CCoonnttrroolllleerrssMPR-9400 & 9800The MPR PV Controllers are the total PV solution for your industrial hybrid power needs.Total, because we put the most advanced andinnovative features in our basic to advanced controller systems. MPR Controllers address the needs of your batteries as well as yourloads.The MPR Controllers provide dramatically reduced maintenance costs, as well as increased survivability at your sites.

The MPR Controllers can be equipped with an optional 14,400 baud modemwhich will allow the user to dial the remote site's MPR Controller using theMPRCOMM software package. Or communications can be accomplished via thestandard RS232 serial interface through your communication equipment toretrieve the system’s status either provides a user friendly interface to ourcontrollers via your personal computer.This is one of the most valuable featuresthe MPR series has to offer, communication package which allows you to fullymonitor and control your system as if you were physically at the site, saving themoney and time by not having to travel to your remote power system! The MPRControllers will actually call your computer if an alarm is activated.The call outfunction can be user programmed to call your host computer if a high voltagealarm, low voltage alarm, generator failure or low fuel level occurs.These call outalarms can be custom configured by KYOCERA Solar. MPRCOMM canautomatically call one or multiple sites, down load the data, store the data in adatabase and then hang up.This automatic communication can be programmedby the user to occur once a day or other time periods.

KYOCERA’s new Visual Basic software package will enable the user to communicate with the MPR Controllers locally or remotely, usingWindows 95, 98, 2000 platforms.The user-friendly interface allows all system parameters to be monitored and all set points and controlsto be changed.

Features• Communication via RS232 Serial Interface• Advanced MPR modular micro-processor control

circuitry to allow flexible controller configurations• PV power from 35 to 300 amps at 12, 24, 36 and 48VDC• Two channel subarray staged taper charge• Pulse finish charge• PV equalizations• Advanced charging algorithms, EBBM™• Temperature compensated• Generator control, Start/Stop voltages• Load control up to 200 amps• Complete monitoring capabilities• UL listed DC rated at 125 VDC circuit breakers

• Battery voltage, PV and Load currents, date and time,Battery and controller temperatures and all control channel conditions

• LED ’s - Load, PV, LVA, HVA and GEN• LCD for viewing monitored parameters• Alarm relays, form C voltage free• System Safety• Transient voltage protection• Circuit breakers on arrays and Loads• Remote communications option• Main battery disconnect option• Date logging option• Two year limited warranty

Product Name and Description MPR-9400 MPR-9800

Voltage 12 - 120 VDC 12 - 48 VDC

Array Current up to 300A up to 200A

Load Current up to 200A up to 60A

Parasitic Load 35mA 30mA

Analog Inputs 7 4

Digital Inputs 2 ø

Digital Outputs 9 6

Resolution 8 or 12 bit 8 bit

Enclosure NEMA 4X or 1 NEMA 4X

MPR-9400

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Cathodic Protection ControllersThe Cathodic Protection (CP) unit is a specialized power converter which provides DCcurrent to metal pipelines, storage tanks, bridges, or other exposed equipment to cancelthe effects of natural chemical corrosion.The CP operates directly from storage batteriescommon to photovoltaic systems. It is suitable for use in systems of either positive ornegative ground.The CP Controller is designed for trouble- free service in allenvironments and includes many special features which make it easy to operate andmaintain in the field. Power consumption and heat generation are minimized in the CPsince efficient solid state circuitry is used instead of ballast resistors typical of earlier CPunits.The power circuit contains no moving parts to wear out or break down. A digitalvoltage and current meter provides output monitoring which facilitates field adjustment.This is easily performed by inserting a small screwdriver through the faceplate.Recalibration can be performed in minutes without special tools or meter equipment.Since corrosion protection systems normally operate in remote, unattended sites, theyshould be protected from the common effects that make them fail such as electrical transients, battery damage, and short circuits.That'swhy the KYOCERA Solar CP Unit includes transient voltage suppression and output overload protection.To help reduce overall systemcost, the CP includes adjustable current and voltage outputs. Standard photovoltaic modules can be used and the CP output adjustedto the desired level.

Features• Ideal for solar powered battery backed

CP systems• User adjustable output voltage, current limit

and half cell voltage regulation• Automation switching capabilities between

different operating modes• Remote control and metering options

available for sequenced operation

Product Description CP 12/24-15 CP 12/24-40

Input Voltage (Nominal) 12 - 24VOutput Voltage 2 - 24VOutput Current 0.1 - 20A 0.1-40AHalf Cell Voltage 0.2 - 1.0VRipple at Load 20Efficiency 96%Dimensions (H x W x D) (in.) 4.88 x 4.73 x 1.5Shipping Weight 0.5 lbs.

TTTT11BB && TTTT22 CChhaarrggee RReegguullaattoorrssKYOCERA Solar TT1B and TT2 regulators combine advances in solid-state componentselection and regulator design.The state-of-the-art design offers improved hot weatherperformance, durability and resistance to radio frequency.The TT1B or TT2 monitors andcontrols PV power systems with array outputs up to 12 amperes.TT1B and TT2regulators utilize very low-frequency switching (LFS) control circuitry and are fullycompatible with loads sensitive to high-frequency switching.The TT1B and TT2 utilizescircuitry to activate a transistor which shunts the PV array during the charge controlregime (The shunting transistor is connected in parallel with the PV array).The TT2additional features are low voltage disconnect (LVD).

Product Description TT1B-2V TT1B-4V TT1B-12V TT1B-24V TT2-12V TT2-24V

Part Number 501081 706045 706044 706043 706042 706041Input Voltage (Nominal) 2 VDC 4 VDC 12 VDC 24 VDC 12 VDC 24 VDCContinuous Array Current 12 AOperating Temperature -20oC - 60oCStorage Temperature -55oC - 80oCLow Voltage Disconnect (LVD) No YesLoad Current Maximum N/A 10 ACharge Regulation Method ShuntTemperature Compensation -3.5mV / oC / CellDimensions (H x W x D) (in.) 2.5 x 4.5 x 5.5 2.5 x 4.5 x 6.5Shipping Weight 0.7 lbs. 0.8 lbs.

CP 12/24 - 15Shown integrated into enclosure

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

While an inverter can account for a good portion of the costof a PV system, it is really a sub-system that requires a numberof additional components. To make a safe, reliable, codecompliant installation one should provide the following:

Inverter to battery cablingBecause of the high current required on low voltage circuits,this cable is large, commonly #2 to 4/0 in size. Smallerconductors than required are unsafe and will not allow theinverter to perform to its full rating.

DC input disconnect and overcurrentprotectionIt is important to have safe installation with a properly sized DC rated, UL listed disconnect. Typically the disconnect worksin conjunction with an overcurrent protection device such asa fuse or circuit breaker. These components are usuallyinstalled in an enclosure which can also house shunts andadditional equipment or circuit breakers.

ShuntsUsed to read the amperage flowing between the battery andinverter, this device is installed in the negative conductor. Itcan easily be housed in the disconnect or its own enclosure.

AC output disconnect and overcurrentprotectionIf the breaker panel, which is fed from the inverter, is adjacentto the inverter, then the main breaker will serve as the inverteroutput disconnect and overcurrent protection.If, however, this panel is not grouped with the inverter, then aseparate unit should be installed. This also holds true for ACcircuits coming into the inverter from a generator or utilitysource. A second breaker may be needed if these breakers arenot grouped.

The inverter is a basic component of PV systems and it converts DC power from the batteries or in the case of grid-tie, directly from thePV array, into high voltage AC power as needed. Inverters of the past were inefficient and unreliable while today’s generation ofinverters are very efficient (85 to 94%) and reliable.

With typical Remote Homes, the majority, if not all of the loads, operate at 120 VAC from the inverter. Most stand-alone invertersproduce only 120 VAC, not 120/240 VAC as in the typical utility-connected home. The reason being, once electrical heating appliancesare replaced with gas appliances, there is little need for 240 VAC power. Exceptions include good-sized submersible pumps and shoptools which can either be powered by a generator, step-up transformer, or possibly justify the cost of adding a second inverter. Severalutility line-tie inverters do produce 240 VAC.

Two types of stand-alone inverters predominate the market – modified sine and sine wave inverters. Modified sine wave units are lessexpensive per watt of power and do a good job of operating all but the most delicate appliances. Sine wave units produce powerwhich is almost identical to the utility grid, will operate any appliance within their power range, and cost more per watt of output.

Utility-tie systems / sine wave inverters for utility interactive photovoltaic applications, provide direct conversion of solar electricenergy to utility power with or without a battery storage system. These systems are designed to meet or exceed utility power companyrequirements and can be paralleled for any power level requirement. They are listed to UL 1741 for photovoltaic power systems.

Inverter ComponentChecklist

Inverter with Built-inBattery Charger

InverterBreaker

GeneratorBreaker

To ACHousePanel

FromGenerator

Inverter Sub-System Checklist

_____ Inverter to battery cabling_____ DC disconnect and overcurrent device_____ Inverter conduit boxes_____ Inverter output breaker box_____ Generator input breaker box_____ Shunt(s) if required for monitoring

Inverters

Batteries in Vented Enclosure

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Most larger inverterscan operate as batterychargers as well.This iseasily andeconomicallyaccomplished becauseof the design of most

inverters. Inverters step up low voltage DC power and change itto 120VAC power. Battery chargers do the reverse of this.

Transfer switches are also incorporated into these Inverter /Chargers so that the AC loads can be powered directly from thegenerator when the battery charger is operating.

From a reliability, performance, and economical standpoint, built-in battery chargers are the way to go.

Comparing InvertersInverters are compared by three factors:

• Continuous wattage rating. Hour after hour, what amount of power in watts can the inverter deliver.

• Surge Power. How much power and for howlong can an inverter deliver the power neededto start motors and other loads.

• Efficiency. How efficient is the inverter at low,medium and high power draws. How much power is used at idle.

A typical 12-voltlead-acidbattery must betaken toapproximately14.2-14.6 VDCbefore it is fully

charged. (For 24 volt systems double these figures for 48 volt,multiply by four.) If taken to a lesser voltage level, some of thesulfate deposits that form during discharge will remain on thebattery’s lead plates. Over time, these deposits will cause a 200amp-hour battery to act more like a 100 amp-hour battery,and battery life will be shortened considerably. Once fullycharged, batteries should be held at a lower float voltage tomaintain their charge – typically 13.2 to 13.4 volts. Highervoltage levels will "gas" the battery and boil off electrolyte,requiring more frequent maintenance.

Most automotive battery charger designs cannot deal withthe conflicting voltage requirements of the initial “bulkcharge” and subsequent “float” or maintenance stage. Thesedesigns can accommodate only one charge voltage, andtherefore must use a compromise setting – typically 13.8 volts.The result is a slow incomplete charge, sulfate deposit build-up, excessive gassing and reduced battery life.

The charger available in our inverters automatically cyclesbatteries through a proper three stage sequence (bulk,absorption and float) to assure a rapid and complete chargewithout excessive gassing.

Factory battery charger settings on most inverter-chargercombinations are optimal for a lead acid (liquid electrolyte)battery bank of 250-300 amp hours in a 70°F environment. Ifyour installation varies from these conditions, you will obtainbetter performance from your batteries if you adjust thecontrol settings.

The Maximum Charge Rate in amps should be set to 20-25%of the total amp-hour rating of a liquid electrolyte batterybank. For example, a 400 amp-hour bank should be charged atno more than an 80 -100 amp rate. Excessive charge rates candamage batteries and create a safety hazard.

The Bulk Charge Voltage of typical liquid electrolyte lead acidbatteries should be about 14.6 VDC. There is no one correctvoltage for all types of batteries. Incorrect voltages will limitbattery performance and useful life. Check the batterymanufacturer’s recommendations.

The Float Voltage setting should hold the batteries at a levelhigh enough to maintain a full charge, but not so high as tocause excessive "gassing" which will "boil off" electrolyte. For a12-volt liquid electrolyte battery at rest, a float voltage of 13.2-13.4 is normally appropriate; gel cells are typically maintainedbetween 13.5 and 13.8. If the batteries are being used while inthe float stage, slightly higher settings may be required.

Charge voltage guidelines used here are based on ambienttemperatures of 70°F. If your batteries are not in a 70°Fenvironment, the guidelines are not valid. TemperatureCompensation automatically adjusts the voltage settings tocompensate for the differences between ambient temperatureand the 70°F baseline. Temperature compensation isimportant for all battery types, but particularly gel cell, valve-regulated types which are more sensitive to temperature.

Built-In BatteryChargers

Multi-StageBattery Charging

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

XXaannttrreexx IInnvveerrtteerrssSine wave (SW) InvertersThis inverter/charger can be configured as a simple stand-alone unit, work in conjunction with your generator to handle loadstoo large for the generator alone, or function as a utility interactive inverter, with the use of the GTI option sending excess powerback into the power grid.

The Grid Tie Interface (GTI) is an integrated assembly used with the Xantrex SW Series II Inverter / Charger with Revision 4.2software. This new device provides active anti-islanding detection along with side benefits such as reducing voltage and currenttotal harmonic distortion (THD) below the test requirements. Anti-islanding and THD testing is described in the IEEE-929-2000and UL-1741-2000.

The SW units are certified to meet UL spec. 1741, and includes a powerful battery charger, a 60 amp AC transfer switch,automatic generator start function and three built-in programmable auxiliary relays for operating loads and/or chargingsources. Two year warranty.

Inverter/GeneratorBackup ModeThe SW Series II includes apowerful battery chargerand a 60 amp AC transferswitch. When utilizing thecharging circuitry, wetypically program the unit toactivate the battery charger,and switch all AC loads togenerator power via a pre-programmed low voltageset-point.

Extensive automaticgenerator start features arestandard and userprogrammable. Gen startcan be triggered by batteryvoltage, load size in amps ortime of day."Quiet time" canbe set during which thegenerator is not allowed tostart unless a "must start"override voltage is reached."Warm-up seconds," maxcranking seconds," and "maxcharge amps and/or genamps AC" are some of theuser adjustable parameters.

More Features• Adjustable search mode can reduce idle power to 1 watt• Current compensated, adjustable low battery cut-out voltages

and high battery cut-out protection.• Protection circuitry guards against over-current, short circuit,

over temp, low battery and high battery conditions.• Battery charger design allows the use of smaller back up generators

at high efficiencies.• Three stage, temp. compensated, adjustable, battery charger,

with remote temperature probe to maximize battery life.

Model SW4024 SW4048 SW5548

Part Number 704123 704124 704125

Input Voltage 24VDC 48VDC 48VDCOutput Power (Watts) 4000 4000 5500Continuous (Amps) 33 33 46Surge Power (Amps) 78 78 78Efficiency - Peak 94% 95% 96%Output Voltage / Regulation 120 VAC/ +/- 2%Frequency / Regulation 60Hz/ +/- 0.04%Input Requirements- Min. Search Power 1 watt- On Mode (No Load-Idle) (Amps) 16.0 16.0 20.0- Input Voltage (VDC) 20.0 to 34.0 40.0 to 60.0 40.0 to 68.0

Distortion 3 to 5%Power Factor Allowed -1 to 1Max. Charge Rate (Amps) 120.0 60.0 75.0Automatic Transfer Relay (Amps) 60.0Specified Temperature Range 32°F - 113°F (0°C - 45°C)Series Operation with 2nd Unit Yes, 240VACAutomatic Low Battery Protection AdjustableForced Air Cooling (4 speed fan) Thermally ActivatedTemp. Comp. Probe YesWeight - Inverter Only (lbs.) 35.0 (16 kg)Shipping Weight (lbs.) 118.0 118.0 148.0

SW4024 Inverter

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Sine wave (SW) Plus Inverter ChargerThe 2.5 kW Xantrex Sine wave Plus Inverter Charger with Smart Power Management (SWPlus) takes electrical independence to a new level. It can be programmed to operate instand-alone, generator-hybrid, utility management, or backup power modes. The SW Plushas storable program settings (flash memory), simple three-level menus and plug-and-play expandability, which makes it easier than ever before to install and configure anindependent power system.

SW Plus

Model SW Plus 2524 SW Plus 2548 SW Plus 4024 SW Plus 4048 SW Plus 5548

Part Number 704151 705221 704155 704156 704157

AC Output Voltage 120 VACOutput Power - Continuous (Watts) 2500 2500 4000 4000 5000Efficiency - Peak 95% 95% 95% 95% 95%Voltage Regulation +/- 3%Frequency / Regulation 60 Hz / +/- 0.04 %Automatic Transfer Relay 60 ADC Input Voltage Range 22 to 32 VDC 44 to 64 VDC 22 to 32 VDC 44 to 64 VDC 44 to 64 VDCDC Current @ Rated Power 120 A 60 A 190 A 95 A 135 AContinuous Charge Rate 70 A 40 A 120 A 60 A 70 ADimensions (in.) (D x W x H) 15 x 22.5 x 9Shipping Weight (lbs.) 111.0

More Features• Powerful Surge (inrush current) up to 4 times continuous rating• Non-volatile memory-user stored settings• Includes standard built-in programming and operational status interface

• Excellent high temperature capabilities - full power at 40oC• Powerful, automatic 4-stage battery charger• Programmable to take advantage of time of day utility rates

Grid Tie Interface (GTI)

Model GTI

Part Number 704124Utility Interactive Protection Over/under AC voltage and frequency detection plus active islanding detectionAC Voltage (Nominal) 120 VACFrequency - Utility Interactive Mode 59.3 - 60.5HzFrequency - Bypass Mode 53.0 - 67.0Hz

AC Current (@25oC) - Utility Interactive Mode 40A Continuous

AC Current (@25oC) - Bypass Mode 60A ContinuousTotal Output Harmonic Distortion (Typical) 2.5% at full powerEnclosure Type Indoor, ventilated, steel chassis with white, powder coat finishDimensions (in.) (D x W x H) 6.3 x 21.0 x 7.0Shipping Weight (lbs.) 26.0

Options• Expandable - Two SW Plus Inverters may be stacked for increased output in 120/240 VAC configuration (5kW total)• Matching AC and DC conduit boxes for code compliant installation• Generator Start Module used to control two and three wire generators• Auxiliary Load Module used to automatically start and stop auxiliary loads such as fans based on programmable voltage

parameters.• Inverter Communications Adapter allows for remote connection to Sine Wave Plus via PC• An Additional Inverter Control Module may be installed for remote operation and monitoring of an inverter

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

SW Series Inverter Options

Product Name and DescriptionPart

Number Shipping

Weight (lbs.)

SWRC - Remote control monitorDuplicate of built-in unit on SW, 25’ of cable

704216 3.0

SWRC/50Same as above with 50’ of cable

704221 5.0

SWISeries stacking interface cable between two identical SW units for 120/240VAC operation. (not for useon export models).

704150 1.0

SWI/PAR - Sine wave parallel kitParalleling kit, connects two identical SW inverters together for twice the power output at the samevoltage

705195 43.0

GSMGenerator Start Module for SW+ inverters. Allows auto gen start (standard in SW Series)

704227 3.0

ALMAuxiliary Load Module for SW+ inverters. Provides voltage controlled relays (standard in SW Series).

705198 3.0

SWCASine wave Communications Adapter for SW. Allows PC connection and monitoring of up to 8inverters, includes adapter, DOS based software, 50’ of cable and DB9 connector.

704153 9.0

SWCBSine wave Conduit Box. Not for use with SW+. Fits on the DC or AC end of SW inverters.

704152 9.0

DCCBSW+ Conduit Box. Fits on the DC end of SW+ inverters.

704154 9.0

ACCBSW+ Conduit Box. Fits on the AC end of SW+ inverters.

705222 9.0

RC8/50Remote control panel. Designed for use with SW+, DR and UX inverter/chargers. Can be mounted upto 50’ (15 meters) away for convenient status monitoring and on/off inverter activation.

704147 2.0

RC8/100Remote control panel. Designed for use with SW+, DR and UX inverter/chargers. Can be mounted upto 100’ (30 meters) away for convenient status monitoring and on/off inverter activation.

704194 2.0

ICM/25ICM Inverter Control Module with 25’ cable for SW+

705196 10.0

ICM/50ICM Inverter Control Module with 50’ cable for SW+

705197 10.0

ICAICA Inverter Communications Adapter for SW+

704158 9.0

ISC-SInverter Stacking Cable. Allows two identical SW+ inverters to provide 120/240V split phase

704159 1.0

SWRC SWCASWI

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

FX SeriesThe OutBack FX Inverter is a modular “building”block sine wave inverter / chargerwhich can be used for both small and large power systems.Each OutBack FX inverter /charger module is a complete power conversion system - DC to AC inverter,batterycharger and AC transfer switch.Additional inverter / chargers can be connected atanytime in either parallel (120 VAC),series (120/240 VAC),or even three-phase(120Y208 VAC) configurations,allowing the system to be tailored to the specific powerconversion requirements of the application,both at the time of the installation and inthe future.The FX is also available in export versions.Up to ten FX inverter / chargerscan be connected together to provide up to 36 kW of continuous power conversioncapacity.The OutBack FX inverter / charger system is designed for both residential andcommercial stand-alone and utility-interactive applications with battery energystorage. See our master catalog for the full OutBack inverter line. FX Series

More Features• Powdercoated all aluminum die-cast chassis• Internal electronic components are cooled by heat transfer• Gaskets on all openings to provide water-resistance• Sealed design protects internal electronics from salt, dirt or contaminated air, bugs, critters, mold

etc.• Conformal coated circuit boards to resist corrosion• Designed to allow easy field servicing and repair

Applications• Hot and humid climates where a protected area is not available for installation of the inverter/charger system• Salt air environments, such as Hawaii, where you cannot get away from the salt air and where there is little difference

between indoors and outdoors• Dirty environments where dust or drifting organic matter, such as cottonwood, could clog an air opening in an

unattended system• Boats and RV’s where water might splash on the inverter• Greater control of unwanted radio frequency interference

Product Name FX2524T FX2012T FX3048T

Part Number 704310 705474 704311

Continuous Output Power 2500 VA 2000 VA 3000 VA

Continuous Output Current at 25o 20.8 amps AC RMS 17 amps AC RMS 25 amps AC RMS

Idle Power (120 VAC Output No Load) 20W DC 23 W DC

Output Voltage 120 VAC / 60Hz

DC Input Voltage (Nominal) 24 VDC 12 VDC 48 VDC

Efficiency - Typical 92% 90% 93%

Output Voltage Regulation +/- 2% typical

Continuous DC Charge Rate 55 Amps DC 80 Amps DC 35 Amps DC

Frequency Range 54-66Hz

DC Input Voltage Range 21 - 34 VDC 10 - 16 VDC 42-68 VDC

Min. Recommended DC Breaker OBDC-175 OBDC-250 OBDC-100

Dimensions (in.) (H x W x L) 13 x 8.25 x 16.25 (Shipping: 21.75 x 13 x 22)

Shipping Weight (lbs.) 67.0 67.0 67.0

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

VFX Series

More Features• Powdercoated all aluminum die-cast chassis• Internal electronic components are cooled by outside air• Stainless steel screen to protect air intake and internal fan• UL 94V0 plastic vent grills to protect the air exhaust. All openings

are 0.025 inches square to keep out dirt, bugs, and other critters.• Air inlet comes with removable, washable foam filter insert to trap

small particles• Conformal coated circuit boards to resist corrosion• Higher output power when inverting or battery charging when

compared with the sealed FX inverter versions• Designed to allow easy field servicing and repair

Applications• Montana or Arizona etc. where salt

air is not a problem and climate is dry• More watts per dollar• Installations where well protected

environments are available

VFX SeriesAlthough OutBack has become known for offering the first and only sealedsinewave inverter/charger, there are some real reasons to consider offeringa vented version of the popular FX series as well. Now you can choose fromsealed or vented OutBack inverter/chargers depending on the environmentof your installation. Up to eight VFX inverters can be connected together toprovide up to 28,800 watts of continuous power conversion capacity.

Product Name VFX2612E VFX3024E VFX3048EPart Number 705471 705476 705475Continuous Output Power 2600 VA 3000 VA 3000 VAContinuous Output Current at 25o 11.3 amps AC RMS 13.0 amps AC RMS 13.0 amps AC RMSIdle Power (120 VAC Output No Load) 19 - 21 W DC 18 - 20 W DC 21 - 23 W DCOutput Voltage 230 VAC / 50HzDC Input Voltage (Nominal) 12 VDC 24 VDC 48 VDCEfficiency - Peak > 90%Output Voltage Regulation +/- 2% typicalContinuous DC Charge Rate 100 amps DC 85 amps DC 45 amps DCFrequency Range 40-60 HzDC Input Voltage Range 10 - 16 VDC 20 - 33 VDC 40 - 66 VDCDimensions (in.) (L x W x H) 21.6 x 12.75 x 15.5Shipping Weight (lbs.) 62.0

Product Name VFX2812 VFX3524 VFX3648Part Number 704293 704292 704291Continuous Output Power 2800 VA 3500 VA 3600 VA

Continuous Output Current at 25o 23.3 amps AC RMS 29.2 amps AC RMS 30.0 amps AC RMSIdle Power (120 VAC Output No Load) 19-21 W DC 18-20 W DC 21-23 W DCOutput Voltage 120 VAC / 60 HzDC Input Voltage (Nominal) 12 VDC 24 VDC 48 VDCEfficiency - Peak > 90% 92% 93%Output Voltage Regulation +/- 2% typicalContinuous DC Charge Rate 125 amps DC 85 amps DC 45 amps DCFrequency Range 50-70 HzDC Input Voltage Range 10-16 VDC 20-33 VDC 40-66 VDCDimensions (in.) (L x W x H) 21.6 x 12.75 x 15.5Shipping Weight (lbs.) 62.0

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

OutBack System Management Remote Monitor and Control

The OutBack MATE is a complete system controller and display for both the OutBack FX2000 inverter / charger and MX60 MPPT PV chargecontroller (page 24).It provides a display of the operation,as well as allows control and adjustment of the setpoints.The OutBack MATE alsocoordinates the operation of the entire system from a location up to 1000 feet away to maximize performance and to prevent multiple productsfrom conflict.The MATE also includes an opto-isolated RS232 port for connection to a PC for data logging and system monitoring.

Product Name and DescriptionPart

Number

MATE (White) - Shipped with 50ft CAT 5 interconnect cable 704272

MATE_B (Black) - Shipped with 50ft CAT 5 interconnectcable with RS232 port.

704302

MATE2 - Flush mount MATE for wall mounting. Sameas standard MATE, except flush mount with RS232 port

704305

MATE2M - Reduced menu (non-grid-tie), for RV’s/boatsWith out RS232 port

704306

HUB-4 Communications Manager - Allows the MATE tocontrol up to four FX2000 inverters / chargers and MX60MPPT charge controllers.

704273

HUB-10 Communications Manager - Allows the MATEto control up to ten FX2000 and MX60.

704276

SSaammlleexx PPuurree SSiinnee WWaavvee IInnvveerrtteerrWith a passively cooled heat sink,no fans to break down,minimal derating with anambient temperature of up to 70oC and simple hook up,this unit will not let youdown.The Samlex 150 Watt,Pure Sine Wave Inverter is an excellent performerproviding high caliber,pure sine wave output simply and reliably.An excellent choicefor powering small loads in consumer and industrial applications.Other Samlex inverters available, call.

PST-15S-12

Product Nameand Description

PartNumber

ContinuousOutput

InputVoltage

PeakEfficiency

WaveformDimension (in.)

(L x W x H)Shipping

Weight (lbs.)

PST-15S-12 706037 150W 10-15VDC > 90% Pure Sine Wave 7.5 x 4.7 x 2.4 2.3

EExxeelltteecc IInnvveerrtteerrXP SeriesMade in America, Exeltec inverters are the most affordable, reliable lightweightand best regulated, true sine wave inverters available.The XP Series inverter willoperate any AC load anywhere. Ultra lightweight, yet rugged enough for themost extreme mobile environments, and are UL listed to 1950 for telecomapplications.The XP Series is available in 100 VAC, 120 VAC, or 230 VAC in 50 Hz,60 Hz, or 400 Hz and suited for multiple applications, worldwide.

MX SeriesThe MX system can be configured for power levels from 1 to 20kW with 120VAC output. Up to 40kW at 240 VAC bi-phase or 60kW at 208 Vac 3 phase withmany input and output voltages also available. A control card and any numberof additional 1000 Watt power modules combine to make a standard inverter.This type of system can be expanded as powerrequirements increase, and upgraded to be N+1 redundant as desired.The MX system is extremely compact and lightweight. Powermodules weigh only 7 lbs. each.

Output voltage is precisely regulated, so that no measurable voltage change occurs on the output as input voltage fluctuates. Similarly,less than 0.5 volt change in output voltage will occur when the output load varies from 0 to 100% of rated power.With distortion of 2%maximum, this inverter offers the cleanest sine wave power available. Models are available which cover all standard battery systems.Custom models can be designed to meet your specific input voltage requirements.

MX Series

MATE

MATE2

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Batteries are simply a storage vessel for the direct current (DC)power produced from your charging sources (solar modules, windgenerator, micro-hydro or generator/battery charger). If you aren’tfamiliar with the water to electricity analogy, just remember thatpressure = voltage and flow rate = amperage.The size of thebucket determines how much water it will hold which isanalogous to the amp-hour storage capacity of a battery (bigger,heavier batteries hold more energy like a larger bucket holdsmore water). If you connected a pressure gauge to the bottom ofa bucket and started filling it with water you would see thepressure increase until the water reaches the top.The same holdstrue for a battery as you put amperage or current into it, thevoltage level rises.

In battery lingo, a cycleon your battery bankoccurs when youdischarge your batteryand then charge it backup to the same level. Alead acid battery isdesigned to absorb and

give up electricity by a reversible electrochemical reaction.

How deep a battery is discharged is termed depth of discharge(DOD) while the state of charge (SOC) is 100% minus the DOD.This means that a 25% DOD equals a 75% SOC. A shallow cycleoccurs when the top 20% or less of the battery’s energy isdischarged and then recharged.

Automotive starting, lighting and ignition batteries (SLI) are of theshallow cycle type and are not recommended for use in aphotovoltaic system.The lead plates inside an SLI battery are thinwith a large overall surface area.This design can produce a highamount of current in a very short time (which is ideal for startingengines), but cannot be discharged very deeply withoutdamaging them and/or shortening their life span considerably.

Deep cycle batteries on the other hand can be repeatedlydischarged to 80% DOD and recharged without damaging them(although repeated deep cycling will shorten the battery’s life ascompared to the same number of shallow cycles). Deep cyclebatteries have thicker lead plates which have less overall surfacearea as compared to an SLI battery. Because of the lessenedavailability of surface area for chemical reaction, deep cyclebatteries produce less current than a shallow cycle battery but canproduce that amount of current for a much longer period of time.

The depth of cycling has a good deal to do with determining a

battery’s useful life. Even batteries designed for deep cycling are"used up" faster as the depth of discharge is increased. It iscommon practice for a system to be designed with deep cyclebatteries even though the daily or average discharging amountsto a relatively shallow depth of discharge.To get the longest lifeout of your battery bank, purchase deep cycle batteries andshallow cycle them.The speed of the charging and discharging chemical reactions

occurring inside a lead-acid battery is governed bytemperature and charge/discharge current. The colder thetemperature, the slower the reactions and conversely thewarmer the temperature, the faster the reactions. Hence a coldbattery will deliver less amperage in any given time frame ascompared to a warm battery. Most of us have experienced thiseffect when trying to start our cars on a cold morning; theengine just doesn’t turn over as quickly, if at all. Warm thatsame battery up and you will see a major improvement. (Seethe bar graph of temperature effects below). The optimumtemperature for a lead-acid battery is around 77°F, but 60-80°Fis acceptable. For this reason, we like to see batteries placedindoors or in a heated and ventilated space to maintain thembetween 60° to 80°F. If you do install them in an unheatedspace, battery capacity must be increased to compensate forthis derating. On the other extreme, high temperatures(110°F+) can drastically shorten the life of the battery andshould be avoided as well.

Think of your batterieslike a bucket of energy...

Deep Cycle vs.Shallow Cycle

Batteries

Warm in the winter,Cool in the summer

Comparison of short term power available fromComparison of short term power available froma fully charged battery at various temperaturesa fully charged battery at various temperatures

80 oF (27 oC)

32 oF (0 oC)

0 oF (-18 oC)

100%

65%

40%

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Energy is never consumed or produced, it merely changesform. The efficiency of conversion is never 100% and in thecase of new batteries averages around 90%. This means that ifyou want to discharge 100 watt-hours of energy from abattery you must charge it with approximately 110 watt-hoursof energy.

Due to impurities in the chemicals used for batteryconstruction, batteries will lose power to local action, aninternal reaction which occurs whether you are using thebattery or not. This slow discharging is termed self-dischargeand it’s rates vary greatly among battery types and increasesalong with temperature. The rate also increases with the ageof a battery, so much so that an old battery may requiresignificant amount of charging just to stay even. Even newbatteries may lose 1 to 2% of charge per day. Lead calciumgrid batteries have the lowest self-discharge rates, but are notdesigned for deep cycling applications.

Battery state of charge is determined by reading the static (i.e.not charging or discharging) battery voltage or the specificgravity of the electrolyte. The density or specific gravity of the

sulfuric acid (H2SO4) electrolyte of a lead-acid battery varieswith the state ofcharge andtemperature. Thedensity is lower whenthe battery isdischarged andhigher as the cells arecharged, (see thetable to the right).This is because theelectrolyte is part ofthe chemical reaction,it changes as thechemical reactiontakes place. Specificgravity is read with ahydrometer whichwill tell the exactstate of charge. Ahydrometer cannotbe used with sealedor gel-cell batteries.

Voltage meters are used to approximate battery state ofcharge. They are relatively inexpensive and easy to use. Themain problem with relying on voltage reading alone is thehigh degree of battery voltage variation through the workingday. Battery voltage reacts highly to charging and discharging.In a PV system, we are usually charging or discharging andoften are doing both at the same time. As a battery is chargedthe indicated voltage increases and as discharging occurs, theindicated voltage decreases.

These variations may seem hard to track, but in reality theyare not. A good accurate digital meter with a tenth of a voltaccuracy can be used with success. The pushing and pulling ofvoltage, once accounted for by experience, can also helpindicate the amount of charging or discharging that is takingplace.

By comparing voltage readings to hydrometer readings,shutting off various charging sources or loads and watchingthe resulting voltage changes, the system owner can learn touse indicated voltage readings with good results.

Monitoring battery stateof charge is the singlelargest responsibility ofthe system owner. Thebattery voltage should bekept at or above a 50%state of charge at all timesfor maximum battery life (see the battery voltage table). Besure to keep the battery’s electrolyte level at the marked fulllevel and never let the plates become exposed to the air.When refilling the batteries, use only distilled water - not tapwater. Water is the only element used by your battery, youshould never have to add additional acid to your battery. Donot over-fill the batteries or fill when the batteries aredischarged. Over-watering dilutes the acid excessively andelectrolyte will be expelled when charging.

As batteries are charged they createbubbles of gas, produced when thechemical reaction cannot keep upwith the energy input. Somegassing is necessary in flooded cellbatteries. The amount and durationof gassing varies from one battery

to another. Gassing mixes the electrolyte and compensates forthe tendency of the electrolyte to stratify with the more denseacid on the bottom. Gassing is the product of splitting watermolecules into hydrogen and oxygen. This consumes waterand creates the need periodic replacement.

Batteries aren’t 100%efficient

Determining batterystate of charge

1009590858075706560555045403530252015105

Discharged

12.7012.6412.5812.5212.4612.4012.3612.3212.2812.2412.2012.1612.1212.0812.0412.0011.9811.9611.9411.9211.90

25.4025.2525.1625.0424.9224.8024.7224.6424.5624.4824.4024.3224.2424.1624.0824.0023.9623.9223.8823.8423.80

1.2651.2571.2491.2411.2331.2251.2181.2111.2041.1971.1901.1831.1761.1691.1621.1551.1481.1411.1341.1271.120

Percentageof

Charge

12 VoltBatteryVoltage

24 VoltBatteryVoltage

SpecificGravity

Specific gravity values can vary + or -.015 points ofthe specified values. This table is for the Trojan L-16battery in a static condition, no charging or dischargingoccuring, at 77 degrees F. Discharging or chargingwill vary these voltages substantially.

Source - Trojan Battery Company

Monitoring &Maintenance

BatteryGassing

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

A slight acid mist is formed as theelectrolyte bubbles upon charging.This mist is highly corrosive,especially to the metallic connectorson the tops of the batteries. Inspectfor corrosion and carefully cleanthese periodically as needed with

baking soda and water. Be sure not to get any baking soda intothe battery electrolyte as it will have a neutralizing effect.Corrosion buildup can create a good deal of electrical resistance,which can contribute to shortened battery life and the waste ofpower. It is always a good idea to wear goggles and protectivegear (goggles, rubber gloves and apron) when working on yourbatteries as the sulfuric acid can seriously damage your eyesand eat holes in your clothes.

Equalization is a controlledovercharging of a fullycharged battery.Thisovercharge mixes theelectrolyte, evens the chargeamong varying battery cellsand reduces permanentsulfation of the battery plates. It is energy invested in lengtheningthe life of the battery.Though the PV system battery bank receivesa good deal of cycling and gassing through normal activity,equalization is a complement to this activity and as a rule ofthumb should be done every 60 to 90 days.The equalizationprocess consumes water and produces much gassing, so yourbatteries should be well ventilated during this charging.Equalization charging voltages vary widely, as do duration times,so the batteries should be monitored closely during this process.Check periodically during the EQ process.You do not have tocheck every cell each time, but watch any that show a highvariation from the rest of the cells. Keep checking the specificgravity of the electrolyte until you receive three readings of 30minutes apart which indicate no further increase of specificgravity values. Keep a record of individual cell voltages andspecific gravity before and after equalizing. Equalization will takeyour voltage to 15 volts or higher (30 volts on a 24 volt system) somake sure any DC loads are disconnected before you begin.

The connections from batteryto battery and on to thecharging and load circuits arecritical. Before connectingyour batteries together, besure that the interconnectsand battery terminals are

clean.When making your series and parallel battery connections,be careful not to torque the connecting hardware too tight as thebattery’s lead posts can break easily. After all battery connectionsare made, go back to each battery terminal and apply anti-corrosion coating or grease to minimize corrosion build up.Torquing all bolts equally avoids variations in resistance.Thisvariation in resistance is the main reason we prefer to minimizethe number of parallel strings in the bank. Higher resistancevalues on one string of batteries result in less charge to that stringand consequently shorter life.We also place the main negativeand positive on opposing corners of the battery bank.The goal isto keep the variation of resistance from one parallel string toanother to a minimum.

Batteries pose several safetyconsiderations includingcorrosion, flammable gasgeneration, electrical potentialand heavy weight. All of theseconsiderations can be safelyaddressed through properdesign. For example, a properly ventilated and lockable batteryenclosure can serve many purposes such as protection fromweather, prevention of unauthorized access, elimination ofaccidental contact and containment of local corrosion.

KYOCERA Solar has supplied thousands of battery systemsworldwide with excellent results when properly designed. Ourstaff is trained to assist you in the proper selection of battery foryour system and budget.

Safe Use ofBatteries

Corrosion

Equalization(EQ)

BatteryConnections

Battery storage is required when a solar power system must providecontinuous power through the night and through periods of low solarradiation (i.e. rain). Batteries can also provide high starting surgesrequired by motors and also may be used when portable power isrequired.

The amount of battery storage is usually specified as a number of days(i.e. system autonomy). System autonomy is dependent on the locationclimate, the energy load demand and the importance of the load.Battery decisions are a series of trade offs between such considerationsas maintenance, life and cost. The decision is of extreme importanceand our staff is trained to assist in the selection of the most suitablebattery for your specific needs. Absolyte Single Cell 50A

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In general, we recommend deep cycle lead acid batteries capable of extended dischargeover a number of days. Lead acid battery technology is well understood, relativelyeconomical, recyclable and widely available. Deep cycle capability is the ability to withstandrepeated discharges of up to 80% of the battery's full rated capacity. Deep cycle batteriesmust offer a suitable life. Typically, we do not recommend the use of automotive startingbatteries because starting batteries are not designed for deep cycle discharge and will notprovide long life.

Lead acid batteries are made up of 2-volt cells. Cells are connected in series to reach thespecified system voltage. Monoblock batteries are typically six or 12 volts and are assembledin a single container with multiple cells (e.g. a 12 volt monoblock has six cells in series).Batteries are connected in parallel to increase the amp hour capacity. Battery capacityincreases as the time of discharge increases. For example, a battery discharged over 20 hoursmay have a capacity of 80 amp hours and a capacity of 100 amp hours if discharged over a120 hour period.

Ni Cad batteries offer longer life than many lead acid batteries and can work well intemperature extremes. However, initial costs are higher and require careful analysis todetermine if the cost/benefit is acceptable. Contact KYOCERA Solar for assistance.

Absolyte 90A Stack of 8

SSeeaalleedd BBaatttteerriieessMaintenance free batteries are often used where the installation site is difficult to accessboth initially and for maintenance. Maintenance free batteries are also called sealedbatteries and usually are more expensive than flooded battery with equal capacity. Sealedbatteries may have an immobilized electrolyte that does not require inspection or theaddition of distilled water. These batteries are called valve regulated lead acid (VRLA)batteries and there two principle types of electrolyte - gel electrolyte and absorbed glassmat (AGM). Gel electrolyte is a solid electrolyte and is non spillable. AGM batteries are alsonon-spillable and a small amount of liquid electrolyte is absorbed by glass mat fibers of aplate separation medium. Both types are typically not restricted for shipment by air.Warranty for small sealed batteries ranges from one to two years and up to ten years forlarger industrial grade sealed batteries.

More Features• Valve-regulated• Classified as “Non-Spillable Battery” for transport• Low self-discharge rate• Maintenance free design never requires watering

FFllooooddeedd BBaatttteerriieessFlooded batteries are in widespread use with excellent life and price. Thesebatteries are robust and can recover from overcharging and excessivedischarges. Because flooded batteries have a liquid electrolyte of dilute sulfuricacid and water, their maintenance is required to insure that electrolyte level ismaintained and corrosion of posts and interconnections is kept in check.Warranty for small flooded batteries is up to seven years and for larger industrialbatteries up to ten years.

Manufacturers· VARTA· IBE (Industrial Battery Engineering, Inc.)· Surrette

More Features• Designed for heavy-duty use• Large Amp-hour capacity for large systems with fewer

connections• Forgiving of abuse (with proper maintenance)• Many years of use at lowest cost per Amp-hour

Manufacturers· East Penn· Concorde· GNB· VARTA

East Penn Gel

VARTA

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

SStteeeell EEnncclloossuurreessKYOCERA Solar Industrial Grade Galvanized Battery Boxes are low profile, weatherproofenclosures, ruggedly built to protect your batteries from the elements – both naturaland human. The top opening lid provides full ventilation and offers convenient accessto the batteries for ease of inspection, service and replacement. All of the standardboxes include integrally welded lifting handles and mounting brackets and the lid canbe bolted and locked for maximum security. The larger enclosures (3 batteries or more)have channel feet to facilitate handling. All boxes are formed from heavy gauge coldrolled steel, hot dip galvanized for long life and fully insulated to protect the batteriesduring shipment and service.

Our standard battery enclosure is fabricated to meet NEMA 3R specifications, andincludes weep holes in bottom for drainage. Boxes are fabricated from 12 gauge steel,all welded construction, hot dip galvanizing, 1” styro-foam insulation all around battery,integral handles, hinges and lock pad, stainless hardware, 3”H x5”W channel feet on 3Bboxes and larger, with 3/4” mounting holes, (2) 7/8” diameter holes for 1/2” conduit in back of box and internal battery dividers.For quantity pricing, painting and private labeling, or fabrication from other materials, please call for quote.

Battery Enclosures

More Features• Lid can be bolted and padlocked• Heavy gauge steel welded

construction• Hot dipped galvanized finish• Integral handles and mounting

brackets• 20 year design life

• Theft and vandal resistant construction

• Five year warranty• Fully insulated• Convenient top opening• Stainless steel hinges and fasteners

PPoollee MMoouunntteedd EEnncclloossuurreessConstructed of 1/8 inch mill finish aluminum, these enclosures are typically polemounted for solar street lighting and traffic warning systems. Each enclosure can hold2 Group 27 batteries per compartment. The PMA-2 has 2 compartments, while thePMA-4 has 3 compartments. The top or bottom compartment is typically used to houseelectronics. The bottom of the enclosure includes a small plastic window, perfect for aphoto sensor for day / night control of lights. Electronic mounting panel and polemounting hardware sold separately. Enclosures are designed for outdoor use and havelouvered vents with bug screening.

Pole Mounted Enclosures

Pole & Pad Mount Galvanized & Painted

Steel Battery Enclosure

FFiibbeerrggllaassss EEnncclloossuurreessLight weight fiberglass enclosures are perfect for housing flooded or VRLA batteries.Pad mounted and designed to go under or behind the array. (Pole mounted versionsavailable for up to 100Ah @ 12V. Consult KYOCERA Solar for details.) Fiberglassenclosures are designed for the most corrosive and harsh environments. Ventilation isprovided by way of breather vents, which keep out dust. Lid is completely removablefor easy installation of batteries.

More Features• 1/4” thick fiberglass reinforced plastic• Corrosion resistant• Hot dip Galvanized (HDG) steel mounting channels• Dust proof breather vents for ventilation• Corrugated bottom for added support and strength• Removable lid with stainless steel quick release latches

Fiberglass Pad Mount BatteryEnclosure

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CCuussttoomm EEnncclloossuurreessOther battery enclosures are available upon request.

Examples· Bolt together stainless steel enclosures

- Designed for easy installation and maintenance. Especially designed for installations under the solar array.

· Front loading painted steel enclosures- Especially designed for horizontally mounted GNB batteries.

· Integrated battery enclosures. (See picture to right)- Can hold up to 200 watts on the lid. Integrated battery enclosures

include mounting plates for the controller. Easy to deploy, just unload and attach to a foundation. Completely assembled and tested.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

KYOCERA Solar designs and manufacturers shelter-based PVpower system to meet the requirements of urban and remote sitelocations. Our design approach is based on the followingfundamental elements:

• Reliable Power SystemsThe power system is an integrated part of the entire project.This assures the power system , shelter and environmental controls meet the customer’s requirements, including the interface between power and controls, selection of battery technology , corrosion resistance and unique project logistics.

• Environmental ConditioningThe proper selection and use of conditioning technologies are critical for the performance and reliability of the entire system. KYOCERA uses a variety of approaches, including air conditioning, passive cooling, active heating, air filtration and shading.

• Site ManagementAdvanced communication options provide the means to manage large numbers of sites. Accurate data from multiple sites allows better scheduling of maintenance and more appropriate responses to site incidents.

It takes morethan acollection ofcomponents tomake a system.Knowledge andexpertise insystem engineering also require broad perspective and real-world experience in installing projects. KYOCERA Solar hasexperience with battery charging and system controls gainedthrough power system projects combined with the ability toperform system integration and shelter outfitting.

KYOCERA Solar understands the value that initial design canbring the success of the overall effort. Single-point responsibilityfor the overall scope of work reduces the technical risk and helpsmaintain the project schedule.

Comprehensive Quality Assurance (QA) is another benefit ofworking with a proven systems supplier. KYOCERA Solar routinelymeets a wide range of US and International standards. Detaileddocumentation and post-delivery support are also importantbenefits we bring to our customers.

KYOCERA Solar has several lines of shelter-based products.Nominal shelter specifications and types are shown below. Pleasecontact the factory for the latest information and customconfigurations.

SheltersStand-alone and hybrid photovoltaic (PV) power systems typically provide power to loadsat isolated locations. KYOCERA’s range of shelter-based power systems provide both thepower system and a dedicated equipment shelter to house and to protect the loads. Byincluding the design of the equipment shelter together with the power system, KYOCERASolar ensures that the best use is made of available space on site and civil worksrequirements. This commonly results in less assembly work and required time on site. Inaddition, the main elements of the power system can now be factory assembled andtested, providing higher quality and reliability.

General Characteristics• PV Array size range : up to 8448 watts (shelter integrated)• System voltage: 12, 24 and 48 VDC, positive or negative ground• Array rated wind loading: either 200 km/h or 150km/h (consult factory)• Battery bank size range: up to 120 kWh• Control standard functions: KYOCERA’s Microprocessor based series controller with low-voltage disconnect and array regulation• Installation duration: Maximum 2 days for 4 persons including foundation sub-system at low array tilt angles.

Major Features• Integrated shelter and power system design and layout• Equipment area combines loads and power supply in a single shelter• Factory outfitted and tested interior• Reduced space requirements and civil works (concrete foundation.)• Weatherproof , corrosion-resistant enclosure designed for 20 year life• Fully separated battery, control, or generator rooms• Lockable doors to prevent unauthorized entry

Power Solutions forRemote Applications

Why Use a SystemIntegrator?

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

• Pre-painted aluminum side and end walls• Single sheet roof construction• Stainless steel end frames• Light-weight shelter simplifies installation and transport

Light weight and superior corrosion resistance are keyadvantages of aluminum shelters. Ideal for installation byhelicopter, aluminum shelters are easily handled and placedon foundations. Careful engineering of structural membersprovides the necessary rigidity and wind loading strength.Corrosion engineering includes the proper choice ofaluminum, stainless steel or hot dipped galvanized hardware.

• Low cost• Rugged steel frame and panels• Superior protection against vandalism• Corrosion resistant paint system

Steel body shelters offer higher mechanical strength andoverall ruggedness. Special attention to construction detailsassures a superior design, superior water resistance and moreusable space when compared to modified ISO container-styleshelters. Shelters are easily transportable and resistant todamage during handling.

• Flexible design options• Reduced shipping costs• Custom layout arrangements• Simplified installations vs. Site-built structures

Modular construction provides the highest degree offlexibility in layouts and shipping. Shelters are assembled frompre-fabricated panels at the factory or on-site. This increasesthe level of standardization and quality, typically at a lowercost, as compared with buildings constructed on site.KYOCERA Solar supplies remote power systems to meetenergy requirements in a variety of on and off-grid locations.Many of these applications require environmentalconditioning for the load and/or power system equipment.KYOCERA Solar develops detailed designs and manufacturingtechniques to meet a wide range of these environmentalconditioning needs.

Environmental conditioning is typically used where ambientconditions would reduce the effectiveness or lifetime ofequipment. Technologies used to provide environmentalconditioning vary according to the size and type of project:active air conditioning, active heating, passive cooling, airfiltration, ventilation, shading, shielding, etc. The properselection and use of these technologies is critical for theperformance and reliability of the entire system. Sinceeffective conditioning can have a dramatic impact not only onthe cost but the lifetime of equipment, this is a critical aspect

Aluminum Body Shelters

Steel Body Shelters

Modular ConstructionShelters

Manufacturing andFactory Assembly

Environmentally Conditioned& Passively Cooled Shelters

in projects designed for highreliability and long life.Depending on project logistics,KYOCERA Solar can set up in-country assembly andmanufacturing capabilities. Thiscan be an advantage for largescale projects with turn-keyinstallation requirements.Additionally, this enablesintegration of load equipment,customer inspections and rapidresponse to project changes.KYOCERA Solar has extensiveexperience with complex turn-keyprojects and site supervision,including helicopter installation,desert and off-road sites, off-shore

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System Design WorksheetsI. Customer / Site Worksheet - Please complete Worksheet I and return to KYOCERA Solar with either sizing Worksheet II, III or IV

Contact Person Title

Company Name

Street Address

City State / Province Postal Code Country

Telephone Mobile Fax

e-mail Website

Goals (list)

Extras (Supplied by KYOCERA Solar)

On-site survey Special packaging / shipping ... Specify:

On-site installation Destination ... Specify:

Training Incoterm ... Specify:

Site Type (Check One)

Industrial Commercial Agricultural Residential Institutional

Location(s)

Nearest City State / Province Country

Latitude Longitude Elevation

Environment (Check all that apply)

Marine Desert Forest Mountain Urban High seismic activity ... Specify Zone

Strong winds .......................................Describe:

Hazardous location .......................... Describe:

Shading on solar array .....................Describe:

List maximum number of consecutive cloudy / rainy days ..................................... Days

Space for solar array limited ................................ Dimensions = x

Accessibility (Check one)

Excellent (paved roads to the site) Good (unpaved roads with truck access)

Fair (may require 4-wheel drive vehicle) Poor (may require helicopter)

Solar Array Mounting Options (Check all that apply)

Roof flat or sloped? Flat Sloped at degrees direction facing

Ground flat or sloped? Flat Sloped at degrees direction facing

Elevated Pier Pole top Pole Side Container

Other ..... Describe:

Theft resistant Vandal resistant Bird resistant Animal protection

APPENDIX A

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

II. Stand-Alone Solar Power Sizing WorksheetElectrical Load Requirement

Please summarize your electrical load here or use the Electric Load Estimation Table below.

SUMMARYLoad = amp hours/day or watt hours/day at volts (nominal DC AC)Total Connected AC watts = Maximum Surge =Total Connected DC watts = Voltage range to

The Electric Load Estimation worksheet can be used to calculate average daily usage in watt-hours as well as the total connected watts.First,list the variouselectric loads which are required.If possible and practical,obtain the quantity ,voltage,and wattage of each load,as well as the average hours of use per day andthe number of days used per week which are expected.In some cases these figures may have to be calculated or estimated.

Battery OptionsFlooded - medium life (3-5 years) Flooded - long life (10 year warranty)Sealed - medium life (3-5 years) Sealed - long life (10 year warranty)Gel AGM Other (i.e. NiCad)Enclosure

__Not required __Painted __Steel (NEMA 3R) __Fiberglass (NEMA 4X) __HDG (NEMA 3R)__Aluminum....... __3R or __4X __Stainless .......... __3R or __ 4X

ControlLow voltage alarm Low voltage load disconnect High voltage alarmTemperature compensation Meters Enclosure ....... Describe:Monitoring ....... Describe:

InverterSine wave Modified sine wave Battery charger ............... AmpsOther inverter features ....... Describe:

DistancesArray to Control Conduit or Cable Control to Battery Conduit or CableControl to Load Conduit or Cable Inverter to Battery Conduit or CableInverter to Load Conduit or CableGrounds........................................................... Negative ground Positive ground Floating (Unearthed)

Extras (Supplied by KYOCERA Solar)Loads ... Specify (i.e. 11 watt, 12 V light)Cathodic protection output voltage = Volts Current required = AmpsGenerator Wind generator Ground rod kit

Appliance /Loads

Volts Watts x Qty. =Watts

AC DCx

Use Hrs /Day

xUse Hrs /

Week/7 =

Watt Hrs Avg. DayAC DC

x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =x = x x /7 =

AC Total Connected Watts = AC Average Daily Load =DC Total Connected Watts = DC Average Daily Load =

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

III. Grid-Tie Sizing Worksheet

What is the goal of this grid-connected system? (Check one)

Peak load shaving-dropping to a lower-priced electricity tier

Supply the building's annual energy load with solar

Public relations purposes

How many kW DC (STC) or AC (CEC-rating) is desired for this job?

Are aesthetics a prime concern? Yes No

If so, list your preferences for appearance:

Electrical Configuration of Connection Point (Check one)

120/240 VAC, single phase, 60Hz 230 VAC, single phase, 50Hz

208-delta (D), 3-phase, 3-wire, 60Hz Other

480-wye (Y), 3-phase, 4-wire, 60Hz

What is the current rating of the load center/breaker box?.......... Amps

Is there any reason high voltage DC (350 Volts nominal) could not be utilized? (i.e. school safety)

Explain:

Roof type (Check one)

Flat roof with high parapets Roof pitch of /12, or degrees from the horizontal

What is the height of the building? ______

How many pounds per square foot (lb/ft2) dead load is allowed on this building, or by local code?

Will the architect/structural engineer reinforce the roof if solar + support exceeds existing rating?

Yes No

Have building plans including cross-sections showing roof construction and materials been submitted to

KYOCERA Solar?

Yes No

Have dimensions and placement of possible obstructions, e.g.: mechanical and communications

equipment, been supplied to KYOCERA Solar?

Yes No

Is a CAD drawing of the roof plan available in a ".dxf" format

Yes No Other:

Parking Shelter / Cover Information (if applicable)

What area must the solar carport cover? ft2 or m2

What minimum clearance must be maintained under a solar carport?

Is there public access?

Have parking lot/building grounds plans been submitted to KYOCERA Solar?

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

APPENDIX BSun Hour Map

Casablanca

Las Palmas(Canary Is.)

Ghat

Cairo (El Qahirah)

Djibouti

Kampala

Nairobi

Lubumbashi

Antananarivo

Johannesburg

CapeTown

Libreville

Bamako

Dakar

N

Zone C

Zone B

Zone A

Zone A

Zone A

Zone B

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Zone B

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Africa

UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess

AAffrriiccaa

Zone A

Zone E

Zone D

Zone C

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Zone B

Zone A

Zone F

Zone E

Zone D

Zone C

Zone B

= 6-7+ sun hours

= 5-6 sun hours

= 4-5 sun hours

= 3-4 sun hours

= 2-3 sun hours

= 1-2 sun hours

Zone G = 0-1 sun hours

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

LLaattiinn AAmmeerriiccaa

Santo Domingo

Managua

Bogota

Caracas

Rio de Janeiro

Santiago

MEXICO

Lima

N

Zone C

Zone B

Zone B

Zone BZone B

Zone C

Zone C

Zone A

Zone D

Zone E

Zone F

Zone G

South America

Pacific Ocean

AAssiiaa aanndd AAuussttrraalliiaa

Bombay

Calcutta

Da Nang Manila

Tokyo

Jakarta

Brisbane

Adelaide

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

INDONESIA

PACIFIC OCEAN

Zone D

Zone C

Zone E

Zone E

Zone F

Zone G

Zone D

Zone D

Zone D

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Zone A

N

Zone D

Zone C

South East Asia

Zone A

Zone F

Zone E

Zone D

Zone C

Zone B

= 6-7+ sun hours

= 5-6 sun hours

= 4-5 sun hours

= 3-4 sun hours

= 2-3 sun hours

= 1-2 sun hours

Zone G = 0-1 sun hours

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47 A P P E N D I X C

KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

APPENDIX C

Conversion ChartTo Convert Into Multiply Bykilometers / hr miles / hr 0.6214

kilowatt-hrs foot-lbs 2.655 x 104

knots statute miles / hr 1.151

league miles (approx.) 3.0

liters cu feet 0.03531

liters cu meters 0.001

liters gallons (U.S. liq.) 0.2642

liters gallons / sec 5.886 x 10-4

liters / min cu ft / sec 4.403 x 10-3

lumens / sq ft foot-candles 1.0

lumen watt 0.001496

meters feet 3.281

meters miles (stat.) 6.214 x 10-4

meters / sec kilometers / hr 3.6

meters / sec miles / hr 2.237

miles (statute) feet 5.280

miles (statute) kilometers 1.609

miles / hr kms / hr 1.609

millimeters feet 3.281 x 10-3

mils feet 8.333 x 10-5

mils inches 0.001

ounces pounds 0.00625

pounds grams 453.5924

pounds kilograms 0.4536

pounds ounces 16.0

smoot inches 67.0

square feet acres 2.296 x 10-5

square feet sq meters 0.09290

square kilometers acres 247.1

square miles acres 640.0

square millimeters circular mils 1,973.0

square mils circular mils 1.273

tons (short) pounds 2,000.0

watts foot-lbs / sec 0.7378

watts horsepower 1.341 x 10-3

watt-hours Btu 3.413

watt-hours foot-pounds 2,656.0

To Convert Into Multiply Byacres sq meters 4,047.0

acres sq miles 1.562 x 10-3

centigrade fahrenheit (Co x 9/5)+32centigrade fahrenheit (Co x 9/5)+32circular mils sq mils 0.7854

circular mils sq inches 7.854 x 10-7

cubic feet cu meters 0.02832

cubic feet cu gallons (U.S. liq.) 7.48052

cubic feet liters 28.32

cubic feet / min gallons / sec 0.1247

cubic feet / min liters / sec 0.4720

cubic inches cu feet 5.787 x 10-4

cubic meters gallons (U.S. liq.) 264.2

cubic meters liters 1,000

cubic yards cu feet 27.0

days seconds 86,400.0

fathom meters 1.828804

fathoms feet 6.0

feet meters 0.3048

feet millimeters 304.8

feet / min kms / hr 0.01829

feet / sec miles / hr 0.6818

gallons cu feet 0.1337

gallons cu meters 3.785 x 10-3

gallons / min liters / sec 0.06308

gallons / min cu ft/ hr 8.0208

grams pounds 2.205 x 10-3

hectares acres 2.471

horsepower foot-lbs / min 33,000.0

horsepower kilowatts 0.7457

inches feet 0.08333

inches meters 2.540 x 10-2

inches millimeters 25.40

joules foot-pounds 0.7376

joules watt-hrs 2.778 x 10-4

kilograms pounds 2.205

kilometers miles 0.6214

kilometers / hr feet / sec 0.9113

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

GLOSSARY

Air Mass (AM): A dimensionless quantity, the ratio of the actual path length of radiation through the atmosphere, to thevertical path length of radiation through the atmosphere to sea level. For all but very high zenith angles (the angle subtendedby the zenith and the line of sight to the sun),

AM = secfz, at sea levelAM 0 indicates that the sunlight has not passed through the atmosphere, about 136 MW/cm2. AM1 indicates that the sunlighthas passed through one vertical atmospheric thickness with the attendant light absorption and scattering, about 100 MW/cm2.AM2 refers to sunlight passed through two vertical thicknesses of the atmosphere; that is, it passed through the atmosphere atan angle. Typically 1.5 AM is used.

Alternating Current (AC): Electric current in which the direction of flow is reversed at frequent intervals, typically 120 times persecond (60 cycles per second), as used in commercial grid power in the United States. Opposite of direct current (DC).

Ambient Temperature: Temperature of the immediate surrounding environment.

Amorphous: The condition of a solid in which the atoms are not arranged in an orderly pattern; not crystalline.

Ampacity: Current carrying capacity in amperes.

Ampere, Amp (A): A measure of electric current; the flow of electrons. One amp is 1 coulomb passing in one second. One ampis produced by an electric force of 1 volt acting across a resistance of 1 ohm.

Ampere Hour (Ah): A measure of current. One ampere flowing for one hour equals one ampere hour. Batteries are usually ratedin ampere hour capacity.

Array: A mechanically-integrated assembly of modules and panels, together with support structure and foundation, tracking,thermal control, and other components, if used, to form a DC power-producing unit. (See also PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY.)

Azimuth Angle: For a surface such as a roof: the angular deviation of the projection on a horizontal plane of the normal to theroof surface, from the local meridian (due south). Due south is zero azimuth, west of south is considered positive, and east ofsouth is considered negative.

Balance of System (BOS): Parts of a photovoltaic system other than the array: switches, controls, meters, power conditioningequipment, supporting structure for the array, and storage components, if any. The cost of land is sometimes included whencomparing total system costs with the cost of other energy sources.

Battery, Storage: A secondary battery; rechargeable electric storage unit that operates on the principle of changing electricalenergy into chemical energy by means of a reversible chemical reaction. The lead-acid automobile battery is the most familiartype.

Battery Capacity: Expressed in ampere-hours, the total amount of electricity that can be drawn from a fully charged batteryuntil it is discharged to a specific voltage.

Battery Capacity Available: The total ampere-hours that can be drawn from a battery under specific operating conditions ofdischarge rate, temperature, initial state of charge, age and cutoff voltage.

Battery Capacity Energy: The total watt-hours (kilowatt-hours) that can be drawn from a fully charged battery. This varies withtemperature, rate, age and cutoff voltage.

Battery Capacity Installed: The total ampere-hours that can be drawn from a new battery when discharged to the specifiedmaximum depth of discharge.

Battery Capacity Rated: The manufacturer's conservative estimate of ampere-hours that can be drawn from a new batteryunder specific conditions.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Battery Cell: The simplest operating unit in a storage battery; one or more positive electrodes, an electrolyte that permits ionicconduction, one or more negative electrodes, and separators enclosed in a single container.

Battery Cycle Life: The number of cycles to a specified depth of discharge a battery can undergo before efficiency is affected.

Battery Life: The period when a battery is operating above specific efficiency levels. Measured in either cycles or years,depending on intended use.

Blocking Diode: A semiconductor device, allowing current to flow in only one direction, used in photovoltaic systems to permitthe flow of electricity from the photovoltaic array to a battery, but preventing a reverse flow of energy from the batteries to thephotovoltaic system, which could damage the system.

British Thermal Unit (BTU): Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit:2.93 x 10-4 kWh; 1054.8 J (joules)

Bypass Diode: A diode that is connected, reverse bias, across the PV module. Used in high voltage systems to bypass a shadedor malfunctioning module.

Cathodic Protection and Pipelines: A method of preventing oxidation (rusting) of exposed or buried metal structures such asbridges, by imposing between the structure and the ground a small electrical voltage that opposes the flow of electrons, and isgreater than the voltage that is present during oxidation.

Cell: See PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL.

Cell Efficiency: The ratio of output electrical energy to the input solar energy falling on a solar cell times 100. This is usuallydetermined by shining a simulated AM 1 light source of 100-MW/cm2 intensity over the entire surface of the cell and relatingthe wattage output to the total input.

Collector: Usually referred to in solar energy as a device that absorbs energy from the sun to convert it into either thermal orelectrical energy.

Collector Efficiency: This is determined by the ratio of energy produced by a solar collector to the radiant energy incident onthe collector.

Concentrator: A photovoltaic array which includes an optical component such as a lens or focusing mirror to direct incidentsunlight onto a solar cell of smaller area.

Controller: The device which controls the flow of electricity from the array to the batteries. Prevents the batteries from beingovercharged or over discharged.

Conversion Efficiency (Cell): The ratio of the electric energy produced by a solar cell (under full sun conditions) to the energyfrom sunlight incident upon the cell.

Counter EMF (CEMF) Cell: A device used to reduce EMF (electromotive force, voltage), typically consisting of a series/paralleldiode arrangement.

Current: The rate of flow of an electric charge.

DC/DC Converter: A device used to convert direct current of one voltage into direct current of another voltage.

Deep Discharge: Discharging a battery to 20 percent or less of its full charge.

Deep Discharge Cycles: Cycles in which a battery is nearly completely discharged.

Depth of Discharge (DOD): The number of ampere-hours withdrawn from a fully charged battery, stated as a percentage ofrated capacity.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Diffuse Insolation: Sunlight received indirectly as a result of scattering due to clouds, fog, haze, dust, or other substances in theatmosphere.

Direct Current (DC): Electric current in which electrons are flowing in one direction only.

Direct Insolation: Sunlight falling directly upon a collector. Opposite of diffuse insolation.

Discharge Rate: The current removed from a battery, stated as load current divided by a time constant.

DMM: Digital Multimeter

Efficiency: In a photovoltaic solar cell, the electrical power output of the solar cell is expressed as a percentage of the amountof solar energy striking it. More generally, the amount of useful energy produced by a system compared to the amount ofenergy put into it to make it run.

Fill Factor: For an I-V curve: the ratio of the maximum power to the product of the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuitcurrent. Fill factor is a measure of the "squareness" of the I-V curve shape.

Flat Plate (Module or Array): An arrangement of solar cells in which the cells are exposed directly to normal incident sunlight.Opposite of concentrator.

Full Sun: The power density received at the surface of the earth at noon on a clear day. About 100 MW/cm2. Lower lightintensities may be described as a fraction of a sun. Higher levels encountered in concentration solar cells may be described asmultiple suns.

Grid: Network of transmission lines, substations, distribution lines, and transformers used in central power systems.

Hybrid Systems: Generally means combination of two different renewable energy systems such as PV and wind or PV andthermal (not from the same unit).

Insolation: Sunlight, direct or diffuse (not to be confused with insulation). The intensity of sunlight reaching a given area,usually expressed in milliwatts per square centimeter per day. This may express average insolation in referring to solar energyfalling on different regions of the country.

Interconnect: A conductor within a module that provides a mechanism for conducting electricity between cells.

Inverter: A device used to change DC current, which is produced by a photovoltaic system, into AC current which is used inmost electrical appliances.

Irradiance: The instantaneous incident solar power on a surface, per unit area (typical units are kW/m2). Note the distinctionbetween irradiance and insolation.

I-V Curve: A graphical presentation of the current versus the voltage from a photovoltaic cell as the load is increased from theshort circuit (no load) condition to the open circuit (maximum voltage) condition. The shape of the curve characterizes cellperformance.

Kilowatt (kW): 1,000 Watts.

Kilowatt Hour (kWh): 1,000 Watt hours.

Leakage Current: Current which escapes, or leaks, from the PV circuit due to an insulation breakdown between the PV circuitand surrounding metallic members, such as module frames or support structures.

LED: Light Emitting Diode.

Life-Cycle Costing: A method of calculating the total cost or value of an item over its full lifetime, including interest,maintenance costs, fuel costs, replacement costs, etc. This is usually put in terms of present day dollar value.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Load: Electric power being consumed at any given moment. In an electrical circuit, any device or appliance that is using power.See PEAK LOAD.

Load Profiles: The amount of energy used by a building or piece of equipment, viewed over time, i.e. an electric oven's loadprofile may show 1/2 kW hours use in the morning, with no use until early evening when it would peak at 1.5 kW hours andagain drop down to 0.

Load Resistance: The amount of resistance presented by an electric load to the flow of electrical current.

Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD): Low Voltage Load Disconnect Circuit which disconnects the load at a preset point.

Maximum Power Point: Refers to the operating point on an I-V curve where the product of the current and voltage (power) ismaximized. Accordingly, the terms "maximum power current" and "maximum power voltage" are also encountered.

Maximum Power Tracking: A mode of operation for a power conditioner, whereby it continuously controls the PV sourcevoltage in order to operate the PV source at (or very near) its maximum power point.

Megawatt (MW): 1,000,000 Watts; 1,000 kilowatts.

Milliampere (mA): One thousandth of an ampere.

mm: millimetres.

mV: millivolts.

Module: A number of solar cells connected together electrically and sealed inside a weatherproof package with a clear face.Sometimes called a "solar panel".

MOV: Metal Oxide Varistor - transient/lightning protector.

NEC: National Electrical Code, which contains safety guidelines for all types of electrical installations, including "SolarPhotovoltaic Systems" in Article 690.

Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT): The equilibrium cell junction temperature corresponding to nominal moduleservice operating conditions in a reference environment of 80 MW/cm2 irradiance, 20°C ambient air temperature, 1 m/s wind,1.5 AM and electrically open circuits.

OHM: A measure of resistance to the flow of an electric current.

Open Circuit Voltage (Voc): The voltage across a photovoltaic cell in sunlight when no current is flowing; the maximumpossible voltage.

Panel (Flat Plate): A collection of modules fastened together, assembled and wired, intended to provide a field-installable unit.

Panel Assembly: A collection of modules fastened together, assembled and wired, intended to provide a field-installable unit.

Parallel Connection: A method of interconnecting two or more electricity- producing devices, or power-using devices, suchthat the voltage produced, or required, is not increased, but the current is additive. Opposite of series connection.

Peak Load, Peak Demand: The maximum load, or usage, of electrical power occurring in a given period of time, typically a day.

Peak Watt or Watt Peak (Wp): The amount of power a photovoltaic device will produce at solar noon on a clear day (insolationat 1000 Watts per square meter) when the cell is faced directly towards the sun.

Photovoltaic: Pertaining to the direct conversion of light into electricity.

Photovoltaic Array: An interconnected system of photovoltaic modules that functions as a single electricity-producing unit.Themodules are assembled as a discrete structure, with common support or mounting structure.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Photovoltaic Cell: A device that converts light directly into electricity by direct absorption followed by separation of positiveand negative photocarriers. A solar photovoltaic cell, or solar cell, is designed for use in sunlight. All photovoltaic cells producedirect current (DC).

Photovoltaic Module: See MODULE.

Photovoltaic System: A complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic process,including array and balance-of-system components.

Polycrystalline Silicon; Polysilicon: Silicon which has solidified at such a rate that many small crystals (crystallites) wereformed. The atoms within a single crystal are symmetrically arrayed, whereas in crystallites they are jumbled together.

Power Conditioner: The electrical equipment used to convert power from a photovoltaic array into a form suitable forsubsequent use, as in supplying a household. Loosely, a collective term for inverter, transformer, voltage regulator, meters,switches, and controls.

PV: Abbreviation for photovoltaics.

PV Output Circuit: As used by the National Electrical Code, the PV output circuit is the DC input to the inverter, either two- orthree-wire DC, which results from the electrical combination of the PV source circuits.

Pyranometer: An instrument for measuring solar radiation received from the whole hemisphere including the direct anddiffuse component. The sensing element is a thermopile that produces millivolts in proportion to radiation.

Rectifier: A device that converts AC electricity to DC electricity.

Regulator: A device that prevents overcharging of batteries.

Remote Site: Not connected to a utility grid. See STAND-ALONE.

Resistance: The opposition of a substance to the free flow of electrons or electricity through it.

Retrofitting: Placing energy producing devices on an existing building structure to provide part or all of the energy requiredby that structure.

Self-Discharge Rate: The rate at which a battery will discharge on standing; affected by temperature and battery design.

Series Connection: A method of interconnecting devices that generate or use electricity so that the voltage, but not thecurrent, is additive one to the other. Opposite of parallel connection.

Series Diode: See BLOCKING DIODE.

Series Resistance: Resistance intrinsic to the PV cells which causes the I-V curve to exhibit a large negative slope near theopen-circuit voltage-axis intercept.

Series String: Modules are connected in series to form a series string. Series strings are also known as "source circuits" in theNational Electrical Code. A series string may consist of one or more modules wired in series, and no parallel module connection.

Short Circuit Current (Isc) or S/C Current: The current flowing freely from a photovoltaic cell through an external circuit whichhas no load or resistance; the maximum current possible.

Shunt Resistance: Resistance intrinsic to the PV cells which causes the I-V curve to exhibit a small negative slope near theshort-circuit current-axis intercept.

Single Crystal: The perfect state of a solid in which all of the atoms are arranged in an ordered fashion.

Solar Cell: See PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

Solar Constant: The strength of sunlight; 1,353 watts per square meter in space, and about 1,000 watts per square meter at sealevel.

Solar Energy: Energy from the sun, usually used for heating or light, specifically, the photon energy originating from the sun'sradiation in the wavelength region from 0.3 to 2.7 micrometers.

Source Circuit: As used by the National Electrical Code, PV source circuits refer to the conductors between modules and frommodules to the common connection point of the DC system.

Stand-Alone: An isolated photovoltaic system not connected to a grid; may or may not have storage, but most stand-aloneapplications require battery or other form of storage. See REMOTE SITE.

State of Charge (SOC): A battery's available capacity, stated as percentage of rated capacity.

Standard Test Conditions (STC): Irradiance of 1000 W/m2, ambient cell temperature of 25°C and an air mass of 1.5.

Subarray: One or more source circuits.

Sulfation: A condition which afflicts unused and discharged batteries; large crystals of lead sulfate grow on the plate, instead ofthe usual tiny crystals, making the battery extremely difficult to recharge.

Sun Hour or Solar Time: The hours of the day as determined by the apparent position of the sun (which is rarely the same aslocal standard time) in any one place. Solar noon is that instant on any day when the sun reaches its maximum altitude for thatday.

Surge Arrestor: Devices used to protect conductors and circuit elements from the deleterious effects of high-energy electricalsurges, such as may be caused by nearby lightning strikes.

System Voltage: The nominal voltage of the PV array, controller and battery bank, as defined by the voltage of the system load.

Temperature, Ambient Air: The temperature of the air immediately surrounding the object being tested.

Terminal Voltage: The electric potential between any two terminals, i.e. the voltage between the positive and negativeterminal of a battery.

Tracking System, 2-Axis: A mount capable of pivoting both daily and seasonally to follow the sun.

Tracking System, 1-Axis: A mount pointing in one axis only, reoriented seasonally by hand and used with linear concentratorsor flat plates.

Volt, Voltage (V): A measure of the force of "push" given the electrons in an electric circuit; a measure of electric potential. Onevolt produces one amp of current when acting against a resistance of one ohm.

Voltage Regulator: An electrical device used to keep voltage at pre-specified levels.

Voltmeter: An instrument used to measure the amount of voltage of an electrical device.

Watt, Wattage (W): A measure of electric power, or amount of work done in a unit of time. One amp of current flowing at a potential of one volt produces one watt of power.

Watt Hour (Wh, Whr): A quantity of electrical energy (electricity). One watt hour is consumed when one watt of power is usedfor a period of one hour. 1/746 horsepower. A power of 1 J, or 107 erg/sec.: 9.4827 x10-4 BTU/sec; 1.341 x 10-3 hp.

Watt Peak (Wp): Same as peak watt.

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KYOCERA Solar Industrial Products Catalog • January 2008

INDEX

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Back-Up Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Battery Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Billboard Lighting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Bus Shelter Lighting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Cathodic Protection Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Cathodic Protection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Cellular Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Charge Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Conversion Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Custom Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18d.Blue Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Department of Defense (DOD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Distance Learning Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Exeltech Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Flasher Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Flooded Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Gel Cell Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Grid-Tie Sizing Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44GSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15GSM Repeater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Hybrid Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Insolation Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Integrated PV Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Introduction to Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26KYOCERA Ground Mounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18KYOCERA Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Lighting Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Lighting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Load Evaluation Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Microwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Modules, Solar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Mount Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Morningstar Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Oil & Gas Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8OutBack Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Photovoltaic Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Rail Road Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Relay Driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Remote Monitoring & Telemetry Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Rural Electrification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13SCI Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21School Zone Flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Sealed Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Sine wave (SW) Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Sizing Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Solar Electric Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Solar Electric Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Speed Awareness Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Stand-Alone PV Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Street Lighting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Support Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Traffic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10TV/FM Translator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Vaccine Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14VSAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Village Electrification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Why use a system integrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Worksheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42