εισαγωγή στην La tex για φοιτητές (latex greek-book-manual-math)

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L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X L A T E X

Transcript of εισαγωγή στην La tex για φοιτητές (latex greek-book-manual-math)

  • Eisagwg sth LATEX gia foithtc

    Lzaroc Mwusc Mara TsikalopolouDhmtrhc Diamantdhc Rod Lkou Gewrga BougiokaMara Tsaousdou Qrstoc Tsolkhc Jnoc Tsparhc

    Danh Papajeodrou

    5 Septembrou 2014

    LATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEXLATEX LATEX LATEX LATEX

  • Eisagwg sth LATEX gia foithtcLzaroc Mwusc ([email protected])Mara TsikalopolouDhmtrhc DiamantdhcRod LkouGewrga Bougioka ([email protected])Mara Tsaousdou (maria [email protected])Qrstoc Tsolkhc ([email protected])Jnoc TsparhcDanh Papajeodrou ([email protected])

    Orgnwsh kai suntonismc: Lzaroc Mwusc http://users.auth.gr/lazarosm/

    Diorjseic: Qrstoc Tsolkhc [email protected]

    Copyright c 2014 , , -, , , , -, , .

    Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document underthe terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later ver-sion published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, noFront-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is includedin the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.

    http://users.auth.gr/lazarosm/

  • Perieqmena

    0 6

    1 71.1 LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

    2 112.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

    3 , , 213.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

    4 244.1 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.2 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.3 Enumerate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.4 Itemize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

    5 , , 285.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

    5.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

    6 376.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

    3

  • 4

    6.4 . . . . . . . . 40

    7 multline, eqnarray, array IEEEeqnarray 437.1 multline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437.2 eqarray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.3 array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.4 IEEEeqarray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

    8 498.1 matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.2 tabular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

    8.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

    8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

    9 hyperref 63

    10 64

    11 6511.1 thebibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6511.2 BibTEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

    12 69

    13 7013.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7013.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7213.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

    GNU Free Documentation License 731. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742. VERBATIM COPYING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753. COPYING IN QUANTITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754. MODIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765. COMBINING DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS . . . . . . . . 798. TRANSLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799. TERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7910. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . 8011. RELICENSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents . . . . . . 81

    81

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    83

  • Keflaio 0

    Prlogoc tou biblou

    2014, - LATEX. - , .

    - , - .

    , , - LATEX. - ... (, . ). , , .

    LATEX. [email protected].

    6

  • Keflaio 1

    Eisagwg

    1.1 H glssa LATEX

    LATEX , TEX. TEX Donald E. Knuth 1977 . Knuth .

    LATEX, Leslie Lamport TEX. . , , , , . , LATEX , Knuth.

    1.2 Pleonektmata kai Meionektmata

    LATEX1 document markup language. -

    LATEX , , . MS Word. - (interface) . - , . :

    1To ssthma LATEXenai oudtero, mwc stic pio pollc suzhtseic ja to akosete naanafretai wc jhluk (h LATEX). Auth h mikr {kak} sunjeia paramnei kai se poll shmeatou biblou.

    7

  • 1. 8

    LATEX .

    , ! ( ).

    LATEX .

    , - - .

    , , , .

    , ( Matlab, Mathematica ..) - LATEX, .

    , . . , .

    . , ( ) . - , .

    , LATEX . - . , - , , , .

    1.3 Egkatstash

    LATEX, :

    1. TEX, compiler TEX, LATEX.

    2. . Windows, LATEX .

    3. PDF.

  • 1. 9

    3 , - .pdf. Foxit Reader .

    LATEX Windows MikTEX. - ( ). , - TEXstudio.

    http://latex-project.org/. downloads, - protext Windows .exe http://ftp.ntua.gr/mirror/ctan/systems/windows/protext/. 2

    , (extract) . - MikTEX( ) TEXstudio TEXstudio.

    , TEXstudio . LATEX, TEXstudio.

    , editor ( )

    editor - ( ), , compiler ( .. ) PDF.

    2Sthn perptwsh pou oi upersndesmoi de leitourgon, ja qoun pijanc allqje apo toucdhmiourgoc. Me mia apl anazthsh me to google mwc ja brete aut pou yqnete.

    http://www.foxitsoftware.com/Secure_PDF_Reader/http://latex-project.org/http://latex-project.org/http://ftp.ntua.gr/mirror/ctan/systems/windows/protext/

  • 1. 10

    . , LATEX. , - , .

    MikTEX . - ., - . MikTEX . packagemanager .

    +. - MikTEX. - (Miktex Settings (Admin)) Refresh FNDB .

    . Repository Change Package Repository Install from the Internet Repository.

    , , . http://www.ctan.org/. .zip . (unzipped) . , - C:\Program Files\miktex\tex\latex . , - MikTEX.

    http://www.ctan.org/

  • Keflaio 2

    Basik dom keimnou

    -, .

    2.1 Basiko tpoi eggrfou

    , . LATEX , , . \documentclass[options]{file_type} .tex 1 .

    .

    \documentclass[]{article} ,

    , ,...\documentclass[]{report} -

    , , - ,...

    \documentclass[]{letter} \docunentclass[]{book} , , -

    .

    \documentclass[]{slides} (options ) [...]

    ( ). - . :

    11

  • 2. 12

    10pt, 11pt, 12pt ( 10pt LATEX).

    letterpaper, a4paper, a5paper,b5paper, executivepaper, legalpaper

    ( letterpaper LATEX).

    leqno - - ( LATEX).

    fleqn ( - LATEX).

    titlepage, notitlepage - . article , - report book .

    twocolumn - .

    twoside, oneside - .

    openright, openany .

    landscape .

    ..

    \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{book}

    LATEX ( book ) 12pt 4.

  • 2. 13

    2.2 Pakta epiplon entoln

    LATEX - , .. . - LATEX. . \usepackage[options]{package} (package) - ( options ) - . , .

    LATEX :

    fontenc

    LATEX.latexsym -

    LATEX.makeidx .inputenc

    .graphics .

    , amsfonts,amssymb, amsmath, amsxtra .

    - \begin{document} . LATEX -. \documentclass[options]{file_type} \begin{document} preamble .

    2.3 To kurwc sma

    , - , begin{document}

    LATEX .

    end{document}

    . . - \ .

  • 2. 14

    ..

    \begin{document}

    10 9.\end{document}

    10 9.

    \end{document}, - . LATEX 3 : name.aux , name.log , name.dvi . name.dvi . , - name.dvi postscript ( name.ps) name.ps ( name ).

    LATEX (: \title{ - }), (: \author{ } ) ( \date{\today } ) \ begin{document} ( \maketitle ) ( \tableofcontents ).

    ..

    \documentclass{article}\title{ LATEX}\author{ }\date{5/7/2014 }\begin{document}\maketitle\end{document}

    LATEX

    5/7/2014

    LATEX , , . :\begin{environmentname} \end{environmentname} , -

    ( ). LATEX ., \newcommand \newenvironment . :\newenvironment{ name }[ num ]{ before }{ after } . , , ..:quote ( )

  • 2. 15

    quotation ( )verse ( )array ( )eqnarray ( )tabbing ( )tabular ( )verbatim ( )

    LATEX , ,, - --. . documentclass . article, , book. , abstract, .

    1 chapter 2 section 3 subsection 4 subsubsection 5 paragraph 6 subparagraph

    ..

    \begin{document}\section{1 }\subsection{ }\subsection{ }\section{1 }\subsection{ }\subsection { }...\end{document}

    1 1

    1.1 1.2

    2. 2

    2.1 2.2

    book report . - . . \appendix . , . , LATEX .

    , \footnote{text}. .

    tableofcontents

  • 2. 16

    . , , \begin{document } , \end{document}.

    LATEX , abstract -, .

    - , , , , ,... .

    ,tabs , enter , . , LATEX, . , . , \;\. \quad \qquad. !.

    \hspace{20 mm}.

    ..

    .\hspace{20 mm} . .

    . .

    \vspace{6 cm } .

    ..

  • 2. 17

    .\vspace{6 cm} . .

    .

    .

    \newpage. , .

    LATEX , - . , , .

    flushleft \raggedright center \centering

    flushright \raggedleft

    LATEX 15pt . - :\setlength{\parindent}{ } . -

    :\noindent . \linespread . ( )

    , : \usepackage{setspace} (

    \begin{document}) .

  • 2. 18

    - :

    doublespacing onehalfspacing singlespacing

    \setstretch{baselinestretch } , \begin{spacing}{2.5 }...\end{spacing} () .

    - . , . - : (itemize ) (enumerate ) (description ) (paralist )

    :\begin{list type}\item The first item\item The second item\item The third etc \ldots\end {list type }

    LATEX . \\ \newline. . (tilde ).

    ..

    . \\ .

    . .

    . $ & % { } \. LATEX . $ & % { } \ \$ \& \% \\{ \}. LATEX . , { } .

  • 2. 19

    % . ( ) - \usepackage{verbatim}, \begin{comment}. . .\end{comment}\end{document}

    ..

    \documentclass{article}\begin{document} .% .\end{document}

    .

    :\textrm {...}{ \rmfamily ... } .

    :\textsf{ } ( Sans serif font )\texttt{ } ( Teletype font )\textit{ } ( Italic )

    ..

    \textit{ . } .

    \textsc{ } ( Small capital )\textbf{ } ( Bold font )

    ..

    \textbf{ . }

    .

    \tiny

    ..

  • 2. 20

    \begin{tiny } .\end{tiny }

    O Jodwrc enai pra pol kalc sta

    majhmatik.

    \scriptsize\footnotesize\small\normalsize\large\Large\LARGE\huge\Huge

    ..

    \begin{LARGE} .\end{LARGE}

    O Jodwrc enai prapol kalc stamajhmatik.

    LATEX , . \mbox {. . . }.

    ..

    :

    -\mbox{}

    -

    LATEX .\usepackage { color } :\textcolor{declared-color}{text}

    : \pagecolor{declared-color}

    : \colorbox{declared-color}{text} : white, black, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow .

  • Keflaio 3

    Ttloi, Perieqmena,Keflaia

    3.1 Ttloi

    LATEX . .

    1. maketitle. \begin{document} . :\maketitle -.

    2. maketitle title - (preamble). :

    3.1.1.\title{}

    3. -: author (preamble). :

    3.1.2.\author{}

    21

  • 3. , , 22

    , - :

    3.1.3.

    \documentclass{article}...

    \author{}\title{}\begin{document}\maketitle...

    \end{document}

    Ttloc

    Suggrafac

    5 Septembrou 2014

    3.2 Perieqmena

    . LATEX tableofcontents. - . :

    3.2.1.\begin{document}\newpage\tableofcontents

    LATEX . - . \chapter{Title1}[Title2] - Title1 Title2 ., - . LATEX hyperref -(preamble) \usepackage{hyperref}

  • 3. , , 23

    \usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref} .

    3.3 Keflaia

    . LATEX /// /. - :

    1. \chapter{ } . - (book) .

    2. \section{ } . - (book) (article) .

    3. \subsection{ } . (book) (article) .

    . - // . chapter. \chapter - .\chapter{ }[ ] :\chapter[ ] .

  • Keflaio 4

    Peribllonta

    LATEX . ( abstract), ( tabular) ( framed).

    4.1 Abstract

    Abstract . - , , . :

    4.1.1.

    \begin{abstract} .\end{abstract}

    Perlhyh

    Aut ja enai h domthc perlhyc mac.

    Abstract - . - ( :).

    24

    http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/68222/define-abstract-environment-in-book%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8B

  • 4. 25

    4.2 Description

    . description. , \item :

    4.2.1.\begin{description}\item[item] .\item[] \end{description}

    item .

    .

    4.3 Enumerate

    , . Enumerate. - \item . Enumerate :

    4.3.1.\begin{enumerate}\item .\item .\end{description}

    1. - .

    2. .

    Enumerate Enumerate \setcounter{enumi}{ } :

    4.3.2.

  • 4. 26

    \begin{enumerate}\setcounter{enumi}{3}\item item 3.\item .\end{description}

    4. item - 3.

    5. .

    \usepackage{enumerate} Enumerate. , :

    4.3.3.

    \begin{enumerate}[i)]\item item i\item item ii\end{enumerate}\begin{enumerate}[(1)]\item item 1\item item 2\end{enumerate}\begin{enumerate}[I.]\item item I\item item II\end{enumerate}

    i) item i

    ii) item ii

    (1) item 1

    (2) item 2

    I. item I

    II. item II

    4.4 Itemize

    LATEX Itemize - . Enumerate . Enumerate:

    4.4.1.\begin{itemize}\item .\item .\end{description}

    .

    - - -.

  • 4. 27

    Enumerate Itemize .

  • Keflaio 5

    Jewrmata, orismo,paradegmata

    5.1 Basikc nnoiec

    , , , , - . -

    \newtheorem{name}[counter]{text}[section]

    \begin{name}[Name] . , . , name - . -, text

    5.1.1. .. :

    \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

    \newtheorem{defin}{Definition}

    \begin{document}

    \begin{defin}

    A prime number (or a prime) is

    a natural number greater than

    1 that has no positive divisors

    other than 1 and itself

    \end{defin}

    \end{document}

    1. A prime number(or a prime) is a natural numbergreater than 1 that has no positivedivisors other than 1 and itself

    28

  • 5. , , 29

    - def - Definition ( ).

    , , -, [Name]

    5.1.2. .\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

    \newtheorem{defin}{Definition}

    \begin{document}

    \begin{defin}[Function]

    A function is a relation

    between a set of inputs and a

    set of permissible outputs with

    the property that each input is

    related to exactly one output.

    \end{defin}

    \end{document}

    2. [Function] A func-tion is a relation between a set ofinputs and a set of permissible out-puts with the property that each in-put is related to exactly one output.

    - , , $.

    5.1.3. $

    \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

    \newtheorem{examp}{Example}

    \begin{document}

    \begin{examp}

    $[0,1]$ is a closed space

    \end{examp}

    \begin{examp}

    [0,1] is a closed space

    \end{examp}

    \end{document}

    5.1.4. [0, 1] is aclosed space

    5.1.5 (0,1). is aclosed space

    5.2 Arjmhsh

    , . , am-

    sthm \newtheorem* .

    5.2.1. .

  • 5. , , 30

    \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

    \usepackage{amsthm}

    \newtheorem{defin}{Definition}

    \newtheorem*{defin*}{Definition}

    \begin{document}

    \begin{defin}

    A function is a relation

    between a set of inputs and a

    set of permissible outputs with

    the property that each input is

    related to exactly one output.

    \end{defin}

    \begin{defin*}

    A prime number (or a prime) is

    a natural number greater than

    1 that has no positive divisors

    other than 1 and itself.

    \end{defin*}

    \end{document}

    3. A function is a rela-tion between a set of inputs and aset of permissible outputs with theproperty that each input is relatedto exactly one output.

    . A prime number (or aprime) is a natural number greaterthan 1 that has no positive divisorsother than 1 and itself.

    , , , . - .

    5.2.2. -, . .

    \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

    \newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}[section]

    \newtheorem{ax}{Axiom}[subsection]

    \begin{document}

    \begin{theo}

    There are infinitely many prime numbers.

    \end{theo}

    \begin{ax}[The parallel postulate:]

    That, if a straight line falling on two straight lines make the interior

    angles on the same side less than two right angles, the two straight

    lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that side on which are the

    angles less than the two right angles.

    \end{ax}

    \end{document}

  • 5. , , 31

    0.1. There are infinitely many prime numbers.

    0.0.1. [The parallel postulate:] That, if a straight line falling ontwo straight lines make the interior angles on the same side less than tworight angles, the two straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on thatside on which are the angles less than the two right angles.

    amsthm \swapnumbers . , ., - . [counter] \newtheorem 2 ( 3, 4...) , - .

    5.2.3. - .

    \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

    \swapnumbers

    \newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}[section]

    \swapnumbers

    \newtheorem{lm}[theo]{Lemma}

    \begin{document}

    \begin{theo}

    There are infinitely many prime numbers.

    \end{theo}

    \begin{lm}

    Let a and b be integers, not both zero, and let d be their greatest

    common divisor. Then there exist integers x and y such that ax+by=d

    \end{lm}

    \end{document}

    1.1 . There are infinitely many prime numbers.

    1.2. Let a and b be integers, not both zero, and let d be theirgreatest common divisor. Then there exist integers x and y such thatax+by=d

  • 5. , , 32

    5.3 Morfopoiseic

    . , , . amsthm. - , , \newtheorem , \theoremstyle{style} style :

    1. definition: ,

    2. plain: ,

    3. remark: ,

    5.3.1. - . 2 theoremstyle Definition.

    \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

    \usepackage{amsthm}

    \theoremstyle{definition}

    \newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}[section]

    \newtheorem{lm}[theo]{Lemma}

    \theoremstyle{remark}

    \newtheorem{defin}{Definition}

    \begin{document}

    \begin{theo}

    There are infinitely many prime numbers.

    \end{theo}

    \begin{defin}

    A \textit{prime number} (or a prime) is a natural number greater

    than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself

    \end{defin}

    \begin{lm}

    Let a and b be integers, not both zero, and let d be their greatest

    common divisor. Then there exist integers x and y such that

    \end{lm}

    \end{document}

    0.1. There are infinitely many prime numbers.

    1. A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself

  • 5. , , 33

    0.2. Let a and b be integers, not both zero, and let d be theirgreatest common divisor. Then there exist integers x and y such that

    ,

    \newtheoremstyle {name}{abovespace}{belowspace}{bodyfont}

    {indent}{headfont}{headpunct}{headspace}{custom-head-spec} . - , . :

    name- \theoremstyle{name}

    abovespace & belowspace- -. (.. 12pt) - ( .. \baselineskip). , .

    bodyfont- () .

    indent- . , .

    headfont- .

    headpunct-

    headspace- . , .

    custom-head-spec- , . , {commands#1commands#2commands#3}. - , . , - : \thmhead, \thmnumber,\thmnote ., , , .

    - .

  • 5. , , 34

    :

    5.3:

    \rmfamily Computer Modern Roman \tiny 5pt\sffamily Computer Modern Sans \scriptsize 7pt\ttfamily Computer Modern Typewriter \footnotesize 8pt\mdseries Mediym \small 9pt\bfseries Bold Extended \normalsize 10pt\upshape Normal( roman) \large 12pt\itshape Italics \Large 14.4pt\slshape Slanted( oblique) \LARGE 17.28pt\scshape Caps & small caps ( ) \huge 20.74pt

    \Huge 24.88pt

    5.3.2. . . -, * , .

    \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

    \usepackage{amsthm}

    \newtheoremstyle{mine}{24pt}{\baselineskip}{\ttfamily \itshape}{12pt}{\bfseries}

    {:=}{\newline}{#1\thmnumber{ \mdseries#2} \thmnote{(\mdseries#3)}}

    \theoremstyle{mine}

    \newtheorem*{def}{Definition}

    \begin{document}

    Why dont you look at primes?

    \begin{def}

    A prime number (or a prime) is

    a natural number greater than

    1 that has no positive divisors

    other than 1 and itself

    \end{def}

    \end{document}

    Why dont you look at primes?

    Definition (Prime):=A prime number (or a prime)

    is a natural number greater

    than 1 that has no positive

    divisors other than 1 and

    itself

    , , \newtheoremstyle .sty \usepackage{package} package - . , \theoremstyle{style} .

  • 5. , , 35

    5.4 Anafor se jewrmata

    -, , LATEX - . , \label{key} , key \ref{key} .

    5.4.1. :\begin{def} \label{Pr}

    A prime number (or a prime)

    is a natural number greater than

    1 that has no positive divisors

    other than 1 and itself

    \end{def}

    Ofcourse, even numbers,

    except from two, are not

    prime numbers as long as

    number 2 devides all of them,

    something that contradictits the

    definition of primes \ref{Pr}

    \end{document}

    4. A prime number(or a prime) is a natural numbergreater than 1 that has no positivedivisors other than 1 and itself

    Ofcourse, even numbers, exceptfrom two, are not prime numbers

    as long as number 2 devides all ofthem, something that contradictits

    the definition of primes (4)

    5.4.1 Apodexeic

    .. - proof amsthm.

    5.4.2. \begin{theorem}

    There are infinitely many prime

    numbers.

    \begin{proof}

    Start by assuming that the

    set of all primes is finite.

    The result will contradict this

    assumption.

    \end{proof}

    \end{theorem}

    5.3. There are in-finitely many prime numbers.

    Proof. Start by assuming that theset of all primes is finite. The resultwill contradict this assumption.

    , , Proof - .

  • 5. , , 36

    5.3 -, \text--{} . , \textsf{} . . -, , , , , N H J I ... :\renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{$\blacksquare$} $\blacksquare$ $\blacklozenge$, $\blacktriangle$,$\blacktriangledown$, $\blacktriangleleft$, $\blacktriangleright$

    . Halmos :

    \newcommand{\halmos}{\rule{1mm}{2.5mm}}

    \renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{\halmos}

    , . \renewcommand{\qed}{} \qedhere .

    5.4.3. Proof .

    \begin{theorem}

    There are infinitely many prime

    numbers.

    \end{theorem}

    \begin{proof}[\textbf{(Not the

    only)} \large{Proof}]

    Start by assuming that the set

    of all primes is finite. The

    result will contradict this

    assumption.

    \renewcommand{\qed}{}

    \end{proof}

    5.4. There are in-finitely many prime numbers.

    (Not the only) Proof. Start byassuming that the set of all primesis finite. The result will contradictthis assumption.

  • Keflaio 6

    Eisagwg MajhmatiknFormn

    6.1 Peribllonta

    , amsmath, \usepackage{amsmath}, . . - $ .

    Equation $ax^2+bx+c=0$ has

    exactly two roots.Equation ax2 + bx+ c = 0 hasexactly two roots.

    The tank volume is $10m^3$.The tank volume is 10m3.

    $ , - .

    Equation $$ax^2+bx+c=0$$ has

    exactly two roots.

    Equation

    ax2 + bx+ c = 0

    has exactly two roots.

    37

  • 6. 38

    The tank volume is $$10m^3$$.

    The tank volume is

    10m3

    .

    , - equation. LATEX equation .

    Equation

    \begin{equation}

    ax^2+bx+c=0

    \end{equation}

    has exactly two roots.

    Equation

    ax2 + bx+ c = 0 (6.1)

    has exactly two roots.

    Einstein said

    \begin{equation}

    e=m \cdot c^2

    \end{equation}

    Everybody knows it, yet few

    people actually get it.

    Einstein said

    e = m c2 (6.2)

    Everybody knows it, yet fewpeople actually get it.

    6.2 Trpoi arjmhshc

    , equation . - \begin{equation} \end{equation} , \begin{equation*} \end{equation*}.

  • 6. 39

    Equation

    \begin{equation*}

    ax^2+bx+c=0

    \end{equation*}

    has exactly two roots.

    Equation

    ax2 + bx+ c = 0

    has exactly two roots.

    Einstein said

    \begin{equation*}

    e=m \cdot c^2

    \end{equation*}

    Everybody knows it, yet few

    people actually get it.

    Einstein said

    e = m c2

    Everybody knows it, yet fewpeople actually get it.

    - \tag{}.

    Einstein said

    \begin{equation*}

    e=m \cdot c^2 \tag{relativity}

    \end{equation*}

    Everybody knows it, yet few

    people actually get it.

    Einstein said

    e = m c2 (relativity)

    Everybody knows it, yet fewpeople actually get it.

    - \numberwithin{equation}{section}., (2.3) - .

    6.3 Anafor

    , . , , , . \label{} - \eqref{} .

  • 6. 40

    .

    Einstein said

    \begin{equation}\label{type}

    e=m \cdot c^2

    \end{equation}

    Equation \eqref{type} is one

    of the most famous mathematical

    formulas, yet nobody seems to

    know its true meaning.

    Einstein said

    e = m c2 (6.3)

    Equation (relativity) is one of themost famous mathematicalformulas, yet nobody seems toknow its true meaning.

    .

    Einstein said

    \begin{equation*} \label{type}

    e=m \cdot c^2 \tag{relativity}

    \end{equation*}

    Equation \eqref{type} is one

    of the most famous mathematical

    formulas, yet nobody seems to

    know its true meaning.

    Einstein said

    e = m c2 (relativity)

    Equation (relativity) is one of themost famous mathematicalformulas, yet nobody seems toknow its true meaning.

    6.4 Lsta basikn majhmatikn telestn kai

    sumblwn

    - .

  • 6. 41

    {} x2 x 2 {} x1 x 1 \frac{num}{den} 23 \frac{2}{3}Binomial \binom{top}{bottom}

    (23

    )\binom{2}{3}

    \sqrt[n]{} 3

    2 \sqrt[3]{2} \sum {from}{to}

    1000 \sum {0}{100}

    \prod {from}{to}100

    0 \prod {0}{100} \int {from}{to}

    502 \int{-2}{50}

    \lim {a \to b} lim0100 \lim {0 \to 100} \ne 2 6= 3 2 \ne 3 \ge x 3 x \ge 3 \pi = 3.1415 \pi=3.1415 \infty \infty \{ \} {2, 3} \{2,3\} \text{} 23. 3 23.\text{ 3 }

    \dots, \vdots, \cdots, \ddots . . . ,... , ,

    . . . \dots, \vdots, \cdots, \ddots

    : -, . \left( \right) \left{ \right} . ( 2

    3

    32 ), -

    (

    23

    32

    ),

    . .

    \begin{equation*}

    1+2+3+\dots+n=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}

    \end{equation*}1 + 2 + 3 + + n = n(n+ 1)

    2

    \begin{equation*}

    \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}

    \frac{(-1)^{n+1}} {n}= 1-

    \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{3}-

    \frac{1}{4}+ \frac{1}{5}- \dots

    \end{equation*}

    n=1

    (1)n+1

    n= 11

    2+

    1

    31

    4+

    1

    5. . .

  • 6. 42

    \begin{equation*}

    \prod_{i=2}^{6}

    \left(1+\frac{1}{i} \right)=

    \left(1+\frac{1}{2} \right)

    \cdots = \frac{7}{2}.

    \end{equation*}

    6i=2

    (1 +

    1

    i

    )=

    (1 +

    1

    2

    ) = 7

    2.

    \begin{equation*}

    \binom{n}{m}=\frac{n!}{m!(n-m)!}

    \text{ with } 0!=1

    \end{equation*}

    (n

    m

    )=

    n!

    m!(nm)!with 0! = 1

    \begin{equation*}

    f(z)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}

    f(x)e^(2\pi ixz)dx

    \end{equation*}

    f(z) =

    +

    f(x)e2ixzdx

    \begin{equation*}

    \lim_{x \to

    +\infty}\left(e^{-x}

    \frac{1}{x+lnx}\right)=+\infty

    \end{equation*}

    limx+

    (ex

    1

    x+ lnx

    )= +

  • Keflaio 7

    Peribllonta multline,eqnarray, array kaiIEEEeqnarray

    , - . equation , , - - LATEX.

    :

    1. -.

    2. .

    3. + -, *.

    4. .

    7.1 Peribllon multline

    multline , . \\ .

    multline , . ,

    43

  • 7. MULTLINE, EQNARRAY, ARRAY IEEEEQNARRAY 44

    \shoveleft \shoveright .

    \begin{multline}

    a+b+c+d+e\\

    +f+g+h+i+j \\

    +k+l+m

    \end{multline}

    a+ b+ c+ d+ e

    + f + g + h+ i+ j

    + k + l +m (7.1)

    equation*, multline* .

    \begin{multline*}

    a+b+c+d+e\\

    +f+g+h+i+j \\

    +k+l+m

    \end{multline*}

    a+ b+ c+ d+ e

    + f + g + h+ i+ j

    + k + l +m

    .

    \begin{multline*}

    a+b+c+d+e\\

    +f+g+h+i+j \\

    +k+l+m

    \end{multline*}

    a+ b+ c+ d+ e

    + f + g + h+ i+ j

    + k + l +m

    =.

    \begin{multline*}

    a + b + c + d + e + f\\

    = g + h + i + j + k + l + m

    \end{multline*}

    a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ f

    = g + h+ i+ j + k + l +m

    .

  • 7. MULTLINE, EQNARRAY, ARRAY IEEEEQNARRAY 45

    \begin{multline*}

    a + b + c + d= e + f + g + h,

    \quad \\

    \text{for } 0 \le n

    \le n_{\textnormal{max}}

    \end{multline*}

    a+ b+ c+ d = e+ f + g + h,

    for 0 n nmax

    .\begin{multline*}

    a + b + c + d + e + f+ g \\

    + h + i + j

    + k + l = m

    \end{multline*}

    a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ f + g

    + h+ i+ j + k + l = m

    7.2 Peribllon eqarray

    eqarray , array mult-line, .

    \begin{eqnarray}

    a & = & b + c \\

    & = & d + e + f + g + h + i

    + j + k + l \nonumber \\

    && +\: m + n + o \\

    & = & p + q + r + s

    \end{eqnarray}

    a = b+ c (7.2)

    = d+ e+ f + g + h+ i+ j + k + l

    +m+ n+ o (7.3)

    = p+ q + r + s (7.4)

    \begin{eqnarray}

    a & = & a = a

    \end{eqnarray}a = a = a (7.5)

    7.3 Peribllon array

    array (, ).

  • 7. MULTLINE, EQNARRAY, ARRAY IEEEEQNARRAY 46

    \begin{array}{col1col2col3...coln}

    content...

    \end{array}

    c central alignmentl left alignmentr right alignment

    col1,col2,..coln, . &, \\.

    \begin{array}{ccc}

    1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6

    \end{array}

    1 2 34 5 6

    , - |, , :

    \begin{array}{c|cc|}

    1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6

    \end{array}

    1 2 34 5 6

    , \hline :

    \begin{array}{c|c|c}

    1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline

    4 & 5 & 6

    \end{array}

    1 2 34 5 6

    .

    \begin{array}{rcl}

    f: R^3 & \to & R \\ (x,y,z) &

    \to & x + y + z \\ f(x,y,z) & =

    & x + y + z

    \end{array}

    f : R3 R(x, y, z) x+ y + zf(x, y, z) = x+ y + z

  • 7. MULTLINE, EQNARRAY, ARRAY IEEEEQNARRAY 47

    7.4 Peribllon IEEEeqarray

    IEEEeqarray . - IEEEtrantools, \usepackage{IEEEtrantools} . IEEEeqarray - . {rCl} , , ( C) .

    \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}

    a & = & b + c\\

    & = & d + e + f + g + h + i + j

    + k \nonumber\\

    && +\: l + m + n + o\\

    & = & p + q + r + s

    \end{IEEEeqnarray}

    a = b+ c (7.6)

    = d+ e+ f + g + h+ i+ j + k

    + l +m+ n+ o (7.7)

    = p+ q + r + s (7.8)

    . {c} , {lccr} , , . . / ? . equation number , \IEEEeqarraynumspace . .

    \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}

    a & = & b + c\\

    & = & d + e + f + g + h+ i + j

    + k\\

    & = & l + m + n

    \end{IEEEeqnarray}

    a = b+ c (7.9)

    = d+ e+ f + g + h+ i+ j + k(7.10)

    = l +m+ n (7.11)

    \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}

    a & = & b + c\\

    & = & d + e + f + g + h + i + j

    + k \IEEEeqnarraynumspace \\

    & = & l + m + n

    \end{IEEEeqnarray}

    a = b+ c (7.12)

    = d+ e+ f + g + h+ i+ j + k (7.13)

    = l +m+ n. (7.14)

  • 7. MULTLINE, EQNARRAY, ARRAY IEEEEQNARRAY 48

    ,

    \IEEEeqarraymulticol{numberofcolumns}{new_alignment}

    , {3} , {l}.

    \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}

    \IEEEeqnarraymulticol{3}{l}{a

    + b + c + d + e + f+ g +

    h}\nonumber\\ \quad

    & = & i + j\\

    & = & k + l + m

    \end{IEEEeqnarray}

    a+ b+ c+ d+ e+ f + g + h

    = i+ j (7.15)

    = k + l +m (7.16)

    IEEEeqnarray . , \nonumber \IEEEnonumber.

    \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}

    \IEEEeqnarraymulticol{3}{l}

    {a + b + c + d + e + f+ g +

    h}\nonumber\\ \quad

    & = & i + j\\

    & = & k + l + m

    \end{IEEEeqnarray}

    a = b+ c (7.17)

    = d+ e+ f + g + h+ i+ j + k

    + l +m+ n+ o (7.18)

    = p+ q + r + s (7.19)

    \begin {IEEEeqarray*}, . - \IEEEyesnumber \IEEEyessubnumber.

    \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}

    \IEEEeqnarraymulticol{3}{l}

    {a + b + c + d + e + f+ g +

    h}\nonumber\\ \quad

    & = & i + j\\

    & = & k + l + m

    \end{IEEEeqnarray}

    a = b+ c

    = d+ e (7.20)

    = f + g

  • Keflaio 8

    Pnakec

    array 7. array , . , () . (tabular ) .

    8.1 Ta Peribllonta matrix

    () :

    8.1.1.

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{matrix}

    3 & 5 & 2 \\

    7 & 11 & 13

    \end{matrix}

    \end{equation*}

    3 5 27 11 13

    , matrix ( 4 ). & \\. . matrix pmatrix, bmatrix, Bmatrix, vmatrix Vmatrix (), [], {}, | | || ||.

    49

  • 8. 50

    8.1.2.

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{pmatrix}

    3 & 5 & e \\

    \pi & 11 & \sqrt{-1}

    \end{pmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    (3 5 e 11

    1

    )

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{bmatrix}

    3 & 5 & e \\

    \pi & 11 & \sqrt{-1}

    \end{bmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    [3 5 e 11

    1

    ]

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{Bmatrix}

    3 & 5 & e \\

    \pi & 11 & \sqrt{-1}

    \end{Bmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    {3 5 e 11

    1

    }

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{vmatrix}

    3 & 5 & e \\

    \pi & 11 & \sqrt{-1}

    \end{vmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    3 5 e 11 1

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{Vmatrix}

    3 & 5 & e \\

    \pi & 11 & \sqrt{-1}

    \end{Vmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    3 5 e 11 1

    , \cdots ,\ddots ,\vdots .

    8.1.3.

  • 8. 51

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{bmatrix}

    a_{11} & \cdots & a_{1n} \\

    \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\

    a_{n1} & \cdots & a_{nn}

    \end{bmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    a11 a1n... . . . ...an1 ann

    -:

    8.1.4.

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{bmatrix}

    \begin{bmatrix}

    a_{11} & a_{12} \\

    a_{21} & a_{22}

    \end{bmatrix} & \mathbf{0} & \mathbf{0} \\

    \mathbf{0} & \begin{bmatrix}

    b_{11} & b_{12} & b_{13}\\

    b_{21} & b_{22} & b_{23}\\

    b_{31} & b_{32} & b_{33}\\

    \end{bmatrix} & \mathbf{0} \\

    \mathbf{0} & \mathbf{0} & \begin{bmatrix}

    c_{11} & c_{12}\\

    c_{21} & c_{22}\\

    \end{bmatrix}

    \end{bmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    [a11 a12a21 a22

    ]0 0

    0

    b11 b12 b13b21 b22 b23b31 b32 b33

    00 0

    [c11 c12c21 c22

    ]

    \renewcommand\arraystretch{2} .

  • 8. 52

    8.1.5.

    \begin{equation*}

    \renewcommand\arraystretch{2}

    \begin{bmatrix}

    3 & 2 \\

    \dfrac{3}{11} & 13 \\

    17 & 23 \\

    7 & \dfrac{x}{11}

    \end{bmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    3 2

    3

    1113

    17 23

    7x

    11

    , - \\ \\[x mm] x .

    8.1.6.\begin{equation*}

    \begin{bmatrix}

    3 & 2 \\[1 mm]

    \dfrac{3}{11} & 13 \\[3 mm]

    17 & 23 \\

    7 & 11

    \end{bmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    3 2

    3

    1113

    17 237 11

    \smallmatrix . :

    8.1.7.

    Producing a small matrix

    suitable for use in text :

    $ \begin{smallmatrix}

    a & c \\

    d & b

    \end{smallmatrix}$

    Producing a small matrix suitablefor use in text : a cd b

    \smallmatrix :

    psmallmatrix: ( a cd b )

    bsmallmatrix: [ a cd b ]

    Bsmallmatrix: { a cd b }

  • 8. 53

    vsmallmatrix: | a cd b |

    Vsmallmatrix: a cd b

    mathtools., mathtools

    matrix*[col] smallmatrix*[col] . col . (c center, l left,r right) .

    8.1.8.

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{pmatrix}

    1 & -1 & 0 \\

    -1 & 1 & -1 \\

    1 & -1 & 0 \\

    -11 & 11 & -11 \\

    \end{pmatrix}

    \end{equation*}

    1 1 01 1 11 1 011 11 11

    \begin{equation*}

    \begin{pmatrix*}[r]

    1 & -1 & 0 \\

    -1 & 1 & -1 \\

    1 & -1 & 0 \\

    -11 & 11 & -11 \\

    \end{pmatrix*}

    \end{equation*}

    1 1 01 1 1

    1 1 011 11 11

    , matrix - .

    10 . , \setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{x} (x ) preamble. .

    8.2 To Peribllon tabular

    \begin{tabular}{col}...\end{tabular} - . .

    matrix , & \\ . \hline . col

  • 8. 54

    . r,c,l , , p{width} | .

    8.2.1.

    \begin{tabular}{|clc|c|}

    \hline

    $D$ & & $P_u$ &

    $\sigma_N $\\

    (in) & & ( lbs ) & ( psi

    )\\

    \hline

    5 & test 1 & 285 &

    38.00\\

    & test 2 & 287 &

    38.27\\

    & test 3 & 230 &

    30.67\\

    \hline

    10 & test 1 & 430 &

    28.67\\

    & test 2 & 433 &

    28.87\\

    & test 3 & 431 &

    28.73\\

    \hline

    \end{tabular}

    D Pu N(in) ( lbs ) ( psi )5 test 1 285 38.00

    test 2 287 38.27test 3 230 30.67

    10 test 1 430 28.67test 2 433 28.87test 3 431 28.73

    p{width} .

    8.2.2.

    \begin{tabular}{|lp{2 cm}|}

    \hline

    Force

    & Force is a vector quantity

    defined as the rate of

    change of the momentum.\\

    \hline

    Moment of a force & Moment of

    a force

    with respect to an origin is

    defined ... \\ \hline

    \end{tabular}

    Force Force is avector quan-tity definedas the rate ofchange of themomentum.

    Moment of a force Moment of aforce with re-spect to anorigin is de-fined as ...

  • 8. 55

    , p{width} c , .

    8.2.1 Sugqneush Kelin

    -

    \cline{n-m}: n m

    \multicolumn{num}{col}{text} num col 1 text.

    8.2.3.

    \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}

    \hline

    \multicolumn{2}{c}{row g text}

    \\

    cell g1a & cell g2b \\

    cell g1b & cell g2c \\

    cell g1c & cell g2d \\

    \hline

    \end{tabular}

    row g textcell g1a cell g2bcell g1b cell g2ccell g1c cell g2d

    \multirow{num}{width}{text} multirow. :

    num

    width . *

    text

    8.2.4.

    \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}

    \hline

    \multirow{4}{*}{Common g text}

    & Column g2a\\

    & Column g2b \\

    & Column g2c \\

    & Column g2d \\

    \hline

    \end{tabular}

    Common g text

    Column g2aColumn g2bColumn g2cColumn g2d

    1 'Opwc kai prohgoumnwc to col mpore na prei tic timc l,c,r.

  • 8. 56

    8.2.2 Stoqish dekadikn arijmn

    - , dcolumn preamble D{sep-in}{sep-out}{before.after} , :

    sep-in .

    sep-out - .

    before.after . - .

    \multicolumn{1}{col}{title} . - .

    8.2.5.

    \renewcommand\arraystretch{1.5}

    \begin{tabular}{cD{,}{.}{5.4}}

    \hline

    Expression &

    \multicolumn{1}{c}{Value} \\ \hline

    $ \pi $ & 3,1416 \\ \hline

    $\pi^{\pi} $ & 36,46 \\

    \hline

    $\pi^{\pi^{\pi}} $ & 80663,7 \\

    \hline

    \end{tabular}

    Expression Value

    3.1416

    36.46

    80662.7

    , rccol 2 dcolumn.

    8.2.3 Sqlia entc pinkwn

    \footnote . - ,

    2www.ctan.org/pkg/rccol

    www.ctan.org/pkg/rccol

  • 8. 57

    \footnotemark[i] - \end{tabular} \footnotetext[i]{text}, text i .

    8.2.6.

    \begin{tabular}{lll}

    \hline

    column 1 & column 2 & column

    3 \\

    \hline

    row 1 & data 1 & data 2 \\

    row 2 & data 1

    \footnotemark[1] & data 2 \\

    row 3 & data 1 & data

    2\footnotemark[2] \\

    \hline

    \end{tabular}

    \footnotetext[1]{table

    footnote 1}

    \footnotetext[2]{table

    footnote 2}

    column 1 column 2 column 3row 1 data 1 data 2row 2 data 1 1 data 2row 3 data 1 data 22

    1table footnote 12table footnote 2

    8.2.4 Qrwmatzontac touc pnakec

    LATEX - . . \usepackage[table]{xcolor} pream-ble . : white, black, red,green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow . - \definecolor{name}{model}{color-spec} preamble .

    name

    model .. RGB,HTML

    color-spec .

    RGB,HTML , http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colors.asp . :

    \definecolor{orange}{RBG}{255, 153, 0}

    \rowcolor, \columncolor, \cellcolor -, \arrayrulecolor

    http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colors.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colors.asp

  • 8. 58

    . , . - \newcolumntype{name}{>{\columncolor{color}}col} name , color col .

    8.2.7.

    \newcolumntype{y}{>{\columncolor{yellow}}c}

    \arrayrulecolor{blue}

    \begin{tabular}{|c|y|c| }

    \hline

    \rowcolor{green}

    Country & Country Code

    & Major Cities Area Codes

    \\

    \hline

    Austria & +43 &

    Innsbruck 512 \\

    Belgium & +32 &

    Bruxelles 2 \\

    Cyprus & +357 &

    \cellcolor{red} Nicosia

    2 \\

    Czech & +420 & Brno 5

    \\

    \hline

    \end{tabular}

    \arrayrulecolor{black}

    Country Country Code Cities CodesAustria +43 Innsbruck 512Belgium +32 Bruxelles 2Cyprus +357 Nicosia 2Czech +420 Brno 5

    \arrayrulecolor{black} . - \rowcolors{row}{odd-color}{even-color} row odd-color, even-color .

    8.2.8.

  • 8. 59

    \rowcolors{2}{white}{yellow}

    \begin{tabular}{|cc|}

    \hline

    Country & Code \\

    \hline

    France & +33 \\

    Germany & +49 \\

    Greece & +30 \\

    Hungary & +36 \\

    Ireland & +353 \\

    Italy & +39 \\

    Latvia & +371 \\

    \hline

    \end{tabular}

    Country CodeFrance +33

    Germany +49Greece +30

    Hungary +36Ireland +353Italy +39

    Latvia +371

    8.3 Eisagwg pinkwn ap lla progrmmata

    LATEX LATEX. - . .

    Matlab

    Matlab latex() sym() Symbolic Math Toolbox.

    8.3.1.

    >> A=[2 3 5 32 ; 4 5 6 7 ; 4 5 6 8] ;

    >> latex(sym(A))

    ans =\left(\begin{array}{cccc} 2 & 3 & 5 & 32\\ 4 & 5 & 6 & 7\\ 4

    & 5 & 6 & 8 \end{array}\right)

    (m-file)matrix2latex 3. . .

    3https://code.google.com/p/matrix2latex/

    https://code.google.com/p/matrix2latex/

  • 8. 60

    8.3.2. 4

    >> A=[2 3 5 32 ; 4 5 6 7 ; 4 5 6 8] ;

    >> matrix2latex(A, , environment, { bmatrix})

    ans =

    \begin{bmatrix}

    $2$ & $3$ & $5$ & $32$\\

    $4$ & $5$ & $6$ & $7$\\

    $4$ & $5$ & $6$ & $8$\\

    \end{bmatrix}

    >>matrix2latex(A, , environment, {tabular}, alignment,lcr)

    >>ans =

    \begin{tabular}{lcr}

    \toprule

    $1$ & $1$ & $1$\\

    $2$ & $4$ & $8$\\

    $3$ & $9$ & $27$\\

    \bottomrule

    \end{tabular}

    Python.

    Mathematica

    LATEX TeXForm[]

    8.3.3.

    In[1]:= A={{2,3,5},{7,11,13},{17,19,23}};

    In[2]:= TeXForm[A]

    Out[2]//TeXForm=

    \left(

    \begin{array}{ccc}

    2 & 3 & 5 \\

    7 & 11 & 13 \\

    17 & 19 & 23 \\

    \end{array}

    \right)

    >Copy As >Latex.

    4Gia thn leitourga twn entoln \toprule,\bottomrule tou paradegmatoc enai aparaththh frtwsh tou paktou booktabs

  • 8. 61

    R

    LATEX R xtable. 5

    8.3.4.

    > library(xtable)

    > smoke colnames(smoke) rownames(smoke) xtable(smoke,align="l|ccc")

    % latex table generated in R 3.1.1 by xtable 1.7-3 package

    % Wed Aug 20 12:14:58 2014

    \begin{table}[ht]

    \centering

    \begin{tabular}{l|ccc}

    \hline

    & High & Low & Middle \\

    \hline

    current & 51.00 & 43.00 & 22.00 \\

    former & 92.00 & 28.00 & 21.00 \\

    never & 68.00 & 22.00 & 9.00 \\

    \hline

    \end{tabular}

    \end{table}

    .tex :

    High Low Middlecurrent 51.00 43.00 22.00former 92.00 28.00 21.00never 68.00 22.00 9.00

    R \begin{table}...\end{table} \centering. \begin{tabular}...\end{tabular} -.

    5To pardeigma prorqetai ap thn akloujh istoselda: http://www.cyclismo.org/tutorial/R/tables.html

    http://www.cyclismo.org/tutorial/R/tables.htmlhttp://www.cyclismo.org/tutorial/R/tables.html

  • 8. 62

    Spreadsheets

    (Spreadsheet), LATEX Excel. Excel2LaTeX 6.

    , Excel2LaTeX.xla Excel Tools >Add-ins >Add.. Excel2LaTeX.xla . - . ( >2007 add-ins) .

    , , .

    Gnu-meric.7 Gnumeric - - .

    : Data >Export Data >Export into other Format.. Latex2e (*.tex) table fragment Latex2e (*.tex) . & , \\ (matrix,tabular) .tex .

    6http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/excel2latex/7http://www.gnumeric.org/

    http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/excel2latex/http://www.gnumeric.org/

  • Keflaio 9

    Pakto hyperref

    hyperref LATEX - , LATEX (.. , ). -, hyperref, \usapackage{hyperref} (preamble) LATEX. , (..websites, e-mails, ). hyperref - . :colorlinks( , ), - hidelinks.

    \href{https://www.tug.org/

    applications/hyperref/

    manual.html}{a manual for

    hyperref}

    a manual for hyperref

    \url{https://www.tug.org/

    applications/hyperref/

    manual.html}

    https://www.tug.org/

    applications/hyperref/manual.

    html

    \href , \url .

    63

    https://www.tug.org/applications/hyperref/manual.htmlhttps://www.tug.org/ applications/hyperref/ manual.htmlhttps://www.tug.org/ applications/hyperref/ manual.htmlhttps://www.tug.org/ applications/hyperref/ manual.html

  • Keflaio 10

    Eisagwg eiknwn

    LATEX - graphicx. \usepackage{graphicx} \graphicspath{{path/of/the/folder}} -. \includegraphics{image.png}. - scale, width height keepaspectratio - .

    \includegraphics[scale=0.2]

    {latex_logo}

    \includegraphics[width=4cm,

    height=2cm]{latex_logo}

    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,

    height=.25\textheight,

    keepaspectratio=true]{latex_logo}

    64

  • Keflaio 11

    Sntaxh Bibliografac

    - . , , - ( ) . LATEX , .

    11.1 Peribllon thebibliography

    - thebibliography.

    \begin{thebibliography}{99}

    99 - .

    \bibitem[label]{key}

    label key . ,

    \cite{key}

    label, -. .

    65

  • 11. 66

    \cite{wiki}.

    \begin{thebibliography}{99}

    \bibitem{wiki} Various, The

    \LaTeX Wikibook, 2008. Available

    at \url{http://en.wikibooks.org/

    wiki/LaTeX}

    \end{thebibliography}

    [1].

    Bibliografa

    [1] Various, The LATEXWikibook,2008. Available at http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX

    , . , , .

    , . , , : , , , , , ISBN, ebook . .

    . - , . . BibTEX.

    11.2 BibTEX.

    BibTEX - . , .

    BibTEX - .bib. .

    @book{wikibook,

    http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeXhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX

  • 11. 67

    author={Various},

    title={The \LaTeX Wikibook},

    year={2008},

    url={http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/LaTeX.pdf}

    }

    , @, . , wikibook.

    BibTEX . - @article, @book, @inbook, @booklet, @conference, @phdthesis,@mastersthesis, @proceedings, @unpublished, @misc. author, title, year, publisher, pages, jour-nal, volume, number, url. , .. - , . - . , author= {{John Snow}}. - , and. .

    @book{thenot,

    language = {english},

    author = {Tobias Oetiker and Hubert Partl and Irene Hyna and Elisabeth

    Schlegl},

    title = {The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2" Or LATEX2e in 157

    minutes},

    year = {2011},

    url= {http://tobi.oetiker.ch/lshort/lshort.pdf}

    }

    @book{gratzer2007latex,

    language = {english},

    added-at = {2010-01-12T10:59:34.000+0100}, address = {New York},

    author = {Gr\"atzer, George},

    edition = {4. ed.},

    isbn = {978-0-387-32289-6, 978-0-387-68852-7},

    keywords = {Latex mathematics},

    pages = {XXXIV, 619 S.},

    publisher = {Springer},

    title = {More Math into LATEX},

    url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/k73023/},

    year = {2007}

    }

  • 11. 68

    , - . - BibTEX . :

    http://www.bibsonomy.org/

    https://zbmath.org/

    http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/index

    http://books.google.com/

    http://scholar.google.gr/

    .bib .

    \bibliographystyle{style}

    \bibliography{name_of_the_bib_file}

    style name of the bib file .bib .

    plain unsrt abbrv alpha . ,

    IEEEtran url. hyperref .

    , BibTEX TEXstudio . .

    BibTEX \cite{}. .bib . .bib

    \nocite{*}

    http://www.bibsonomy.org/https://zbmath.org/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/indexhttp://books.google.com/http://scholar.google.gr/

  • Keflaio 12

    Upostrixh Ellhnikn

    LATEX , , . , - UTF-8.

    \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

    , -, babel Johannes Braams. :

    \usepackage[lang1,lang2]{babel}

    . ,

    \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

    \usepackage[english,greek]{babel}

    : , utf8 utf8x iso-8859-7.

    . -, : ,, . :

    \latintext \greektext

    \textlatin{text} text\greektext

    \latintext

    \textgreek{text} text

    69

  • Keflaio 13

    Sflmata

    LATEX , - . , . . :

    1.

    2.

    3.

    13.1 Ljh

    . .

    Undefined Control Sequence

    !Undefined Control Sequence

    1.6 \tableofcotets

    .

    Environment x undefined

    70

  • 13. 71

    ! LaTeX Error: Environment x undefined

    LATEX . (article,book,report etc.) .

    Missing $ inserted

    ! Missing $ inserted

    $ LATEX.

    Bad math environment delimiter

    ! LaTeX error: Bad math environment delimiter

    $ display-math, eqnarray, equation ... LATEX , , . .

    Extra }, or forgotten $

    ! Too many }s

    . TEX .

    . :

    1. . .

    2. . , .

  • 13. 72

    13.2 Proeidopoiseic

    , . LATEX . :

    LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references.

    , / (- \ref) - .

    LaTeX Warning: There were multiply-defined labels.

    \label . .

    LaTeX Warning: Overfull \hbox

    , LATEX . , . .

    13.3 Enstseic

    LATEX . , . . -, .

  • Parrthma A

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  • Ellhnik Bibliografa

    [1] , - LATEX. ... 2014.

    [2] . , LATEX.

    [3] LATEX , 2004.

    [4] , LATEX.

    [5] , http://arch.icte.uowm.gr/docs/Short_and_Complete_LATEX_presentation.pdf

    [6] Foteini Baldimtsi, LATEX.

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    LaTeX

    , ,

    AbstractDescriptionEnumerateItemize

    , ,

    multline, eqnarray, array IEEEeqnarray multline eqarray array IEEEeqarray

    matrix tabular

    hyperref thebibliographyBibTeX.

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