Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi...

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α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhan gwen Zhaoliang

Transcript of Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi...

Page 1: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

α-Interferon to Hepatitis B

Lecturer: Sun fengkai

Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang

Page 2: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Introduction

Outlook of the Interferon

Recent Development of Interferon

Mechanism of α-IFN in treatment of HBV

Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B

Page 3: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

一、 Epidemiology of Hepatitis B

Page 4: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is one of the most serious diseases in the world . The infection rate of the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in world is as high as 25 percent, about 350 million HBV carriers, and the figure is still rising rapidly year by year!

Page 5: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

China is the high infective prevalent areas of HBV, there are about 120 million cases of chronic HBV infection, including chronic hepatitis B (CHB)with 30 million cases. It is the main reason for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. 30,000~ 50,000 deaths cases each year.It is of great harm to people's health.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B

Page 6: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

二、Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis

Page 7: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis

In modern medicine, the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) is related to the continuous replication of HBV and immune dysfunction in the body.

The reason of CHB repeated attacks is that HBV is a highly various virus, which easily leads to a mutation of HBV and is hard to recover.

Page 8: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

After the HBV invading organism, it first infects the liver cell, produces the integrity HBV-DNA and secretes HBcAg, HBsAg and HBeAg.

Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis

Page 9: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis

Page 10: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

HBV does not cause the liver cell damage directly. It causes damage by immune response of human body.

The viral-antigen in the blood or on the liver cell membrane may induce the immune response to attack the infected liver cells and cause the damage of the liver cells.

Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis

Page 11: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Cell –mediated immune response

Antibody- mediated hypersensitivity

Autoimmune injury

damage bodydamage body

Mechanism of HBV Pathogenesis

Page 12: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

三、Mechanism of α-IFN in treatment of HBV

Page 13: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Mechanism of α-Interferon in treatment of HBV

Page 14: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

1. IFN-α is the earliest and most widely used drug to anti-virus infection. And it is a kind of CKs that is used to anti-virus and regulate the immunity.

Mechanism of α-Interferon in treatment of HBV

2. Antiviral mechanisms Not act directly on virus, but induce synthesis of the cellular antiviral proteins(AVP).

Page 15: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

1 2 3 4

IFN combines with specific receptor on cell surface

signal transduction

induce the activation of AVP gene

transcription of AVP mRNA

synthesis of AVP

Mechanism of α-Interferon in treatment of HBV

Page 16: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

HBV

HBV replication Inhibit HBV replication

Signal transduct

IFN-

AVPstimulate

nucleusnucleus

Mechanism of α-Interferon in treatment of HBV

receptor

Page 17: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

3、modify immune responses

---- activation of NK cell

---- activation of macrophage

---- increase expression of MHC molecules,regulate IL-1,IL-2,TNF,and enhance the proliferation of CTL

Mechanism of α-Interferon in treatment of HBV

Page 18: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

四、 Recent Development of Interferon

Page 19: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Recent Development of Interferon

Smaller Bigger

vs

interferon added with PEG

Stronger

Unstable

Faster

Weaker

stable

Slower

Molecule

Immunogenicity

Stability

Absorb rate

common interferon

With the addition of PEG to the interferon, proper concentration can be kept for a long time, but the affinity to the receptor on the cells will be decreased.

Page 20: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Recent Development of Interferon

Later, people find that 12KD PEG is suitable because its effect to decrease the affinity is the smallest.

Page 21: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Recent Development of Interferon

The peg-interferon is the example. It has about 30% renal filtration rate.

The half-life is forty hours.

Page 22: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Recent Development of Interferon

The usage is one injection one week .

The anti-virus activity is high.

Page 23: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Recent Development of Interferon

Another drug is the pegsys.

Its mechanism is the same as the peginterferon but the PEG part is 40KD.

Page 24: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Recent Development of Interferon

Because of the bigger part of PEG, pegsys have a longer half-life about 80h.

The protection is better, and the drug concentration is more stable.

Page 25: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

五、 Outlook of the Interferon

Page 26: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

Outlook of the Interferon

Interferon has broad-spectrum antiviral activity. It is a good drug to rejest virus and keep heath. Recently, thousands of children in Fuyang are infected with EV71. By now,there are 3736 cases.1460 cases have recovered and 22 cases died.

Page 27: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

It is a pity that no vaccine can defend it and no specific drugs can treat this diease. However, we believe that interferon will play an indispensible role in the treatment of EV71. Of course, new methods are still waiting for us to discover and put in use!

Outlook of the Interferon

Page 28: Α-Interferon to Hepatitis B Lecturer: Sun fengkai Team members : Qixin Jiaming Songhaiyang Yulingqi Zhangwen Zhaoliang.

What we should do now is to study hard and master immunology, which will be very helpful!

Outlook of the Interferon