Γλκανικές οσίες και διαβήης - Livemedia.gr · 2017. 11. 9. · artificial...
49
Γλυκαντικές ουσίες και διαβήτης Σταύρος Σταύρου, MD
Transcript of Γλκανικές οσίες και διαβήης - Livemedia.gr · 2017. 11. 9. · artificial...
Γλυκαντικές ουσίες και διαβήτης
Σταύρος Σταύρου MD
bull 1994-1995 DCCT Dr Lorber Δίαιτα
bull Μητέρα Μπορεί ο γιος μου να πιει αναψυκτικό διαίτης
bull Ασθενής πίνει 2 εξάδες χ 15 λ τη εβδομάδα
bull Νεράκι
bull Υποκατάσταση
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull lsquoΑνενεργές ουσίεςrsquo
Τι περιλαμβάνει bull Εισαγωγικά για τα γλυκαντικά
bull Κλινικές τυχαιοποιημένες ελεγχόμενες μελέτες
bull Μικρός αριθμός μικρή διάρκεια σχεδιασμός
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες (cohort studies) μετααναλύσεις τέτοιων μελετών ή μελετών ομάδων ασθενών και μαρτύρων (case-controlstudies)Reverse causality
bull Έρευνες στη φυσιολογία ndash Έντερο
ndash Μηχανισμούς κορεσμού και ικανοποίησης
4
1 τενεκεδάκι
asymp150 kcal μέρα7-kg χρόνο
Γλυκαντικές ουσίες
Εγκεκριμένα από το FDA και Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση
bull ασπαρτάμη
bull ακετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull κυκλαμικό οξύ
bull σουκραλόζη
bull σακχαρίνη
bull νεοτάμη
bull στέβια (γλυκοζίτες στεβιόλης)
bull Luo Han Guo
Πολυόλες
bull σορβιτόλη
bull μαννιτόλη
bull ξυλιτόλη
2 θερμίδες ανά γραμμάριο
ADI
bull The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake limit (expressed in mgkg body weight) for each NNS and this value is usually set at
1100 of the no observed adverse effect
level (maximum level at which no adverse effects were seen in animal studies)
ADI και πόσο πιο γλυκό
Almeda-Valdeacutes P Rev Invest Clin 2017 May-Jun69(3)129-138
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
bull 1994-1995 DCCT Dr Lorber Δίαιτα
bull Μητέρα Μπορεί ο γιος μου να πιει αναψυκτικό διαίτης
bull Ασθενής πίνει 2 εξάδες χ 15 λ τη εβδομάδα
bull Νεράκι
bull Υποκατάσταση
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull lsquoΑνενεργές ουσίεςrsquo
Τι περιλαμβάνει bull Εισαγωγικά για τα γλυκαντικά
bull Κλινικές τυχαιοποιημένες ελεγχόμενες μελέτες
bull Μικρός αριθμός μικρή διάρκεια σχεδιασμός
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες (cohort studies) μετααναλύσεις τέτοιων μελετών ή μελετών ομάδων ασθενών και μαρτύρων (case-controlstudies)Reverse causality
bull Έρευνες στη φυσιολογία ndash Έντερο
ndash Μηχανισμούς κορεσμού και ικανοποίησης
4
1 τενεκεδάκι
asymp150 kcal μέρα7-kg χρόνο
Γλυκαντικές ουσίες
Εγκεκριμένα από το FDA και Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση
bull ασπαρτάμη
bull ακετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull κυκλαμικό οξύ
bull σουκραλόζη
bull σακχαρίνη
bull νεοτάμη
bull στέβια (γλυκοζίτες στεβιόλης)
bull Luo Han Guo
Πολυόλες
bull σορβιτόλη
bull μαννιτόλη
bull ξυλιτόλη
2 θερμίδες ανά γραμμάριο
ADI
bull The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake limit (expressed in mgkg body weight) for each NNS and this value is usually set at
1100 of the no observed adverse effect
level (maximum level at which no adverse effects were seen in animal studies)
ADI και πόσο πιο γλυκό
Almeda-Valdeacutes P Rev Invest Clin 2017 May-Jun69(3)129-138
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Τι περιλαμβάνει bull Εισαγωγικά για τα γλυκαντικά
bull Κλινικές τυχαιοποιημένες ελεγχόμενες μελέτες
bull Μικρός αριθμός μικρή διάρκεια σχεδιασμός
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες (cohort studies) μετααναλύσεις τέτοιων μελετών ή μελετών ομάδων ασθενών και μαρτύρων (case-controlstudies)Reverse causality
bull Έρευνες στη φυσιολογία ndash Έντερο
ndash Μηχανισμούς κορεσμού και ικανοποίησης
4
1 τενεκεδάκι
asymp150 kcal μέρα7-kg χρόνο
Γλυκαντικές ουσίες
Εγκεκριμένα από το FDA και Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση
bull ασπαρτάμη
bull ακετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull κυκλαμικό οξύ
bull σουκραλόζη
bull σακχαρίνη
bull νεοτάμη
bull στέβια (γλυκοζίτες στεβιόλης)
bull Luo Han Guo
Πολυόλες
bull σορβιτόλη
bull μαννιτόλη
bull ξυλιτόλη
2 θερμίδες ανά γραμμάριο
ADI
bull The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake limit (expressed in mgkg body weight) for each NNS and this value is usually set at
1100 of the no observed adverse effect
level (maximum level at which no adverse effects were seen in animal studies)
ADI και πόσο πιο γλυκό
Almeda-Valdeacutes P Rev Invest Clin 2017 May-Jun69(3)129-138
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
4
1 τενεκεδάκι
asymp150 kcal μέρα7-kg χρόνο
Γλυκαντικές ουσίες
Εγκεκριμένα από το FDA και Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση
bull ασπαρτάμη
bull ακετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull κυκλαμικό οξύ
bull σουκραλόζη
bull σακχαρίνη
bull νεοτάμη
bull στέβια (γλυκοζίτες στεβιόλης)
bull Luo Han Guo
Πολυόλες
bull σορβιτόλη
bull μαννιτόλη
bull ξυλιτόλη
2 θερμίδες ανά γραμμάριο
ADI
bull The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake limit (expressed in mgkg body weight) for each NNS and this value is usually set at
1100 of the no observed adverse effect
level (maximum level at which no adverse effects were seen in animal studies)
ADI και πόσο πιο γλυκό
Almeda-Valdeacutes P Rev Invest Clin 2017 May-Jun69(3)129-138
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Γλυκαντικές ουσίες
Εγκεκριμένα από το FDA και Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση
bull ασπαρτάμη
bull ακετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull κυκλαμικό οξύ
bull σουκραλόζη
bull σακχαρίνη
bull νεοτάμη
bull στέβια (γλυκοζίτες στεβιόλης)
bull Luo Han Guo
Πολυόλες
bull σορβιτόλη
bull μαννιτόλη
bull ξυλιτόλη
2 θερμίδες ανά γραμμάριο
ADI
bull The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake limit (expressed in mgkg body weight) for each NNS and this value is usually set at
1100 of the no observed adverse effect
level (maximum level at which no adverse effects were seen in animal studies)
ADI και πόσο πιο γλυκό
Almeda-Valdeacutes P Rev Invest Clin 2017 May-Jun69(3)129-138
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Πολυόλες
bull σορβιτόλη
bull μαννιτόλη
bull ξυλιτόλη
2 θερμίδες ανά γραμμάριο
ADI
bull The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake limit (expressed in mgkg body weight) for each NNS and this value is usually set at
1100 of the no observed adverse effect
level (maximum level at which no adverse effects were seen in animal studies)
ADI και πόσο πιο γλυκό
Almeda-Valdeacutes P Rev Invest Clin 2017 May-Jun69(3)129-138
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
ADI
bull The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake limit (expressed in mgkg body weight) for each NNS and this value is usually set at
1100 of the no observed adverse effect
level (maximum level at which no adverse effects were seen in animal studies)
ADI και πόσο πιο γλυκό
Almeda-Valdeacutes P Rev Invest Clin 2017 May-Jun69(3)129-138
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
ADI και πόσο πιο γλυκό
Almeda-Valdeacutes P Rev Invest Clin 2017 May-Jun69(3)129-138
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Diabetes Care 2012 Aug 35(8) 1798-1808
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Sweeteners Daily Intake
Sweetener Acceptable Daily
Intake
Estimated Daily
Intake
Acesulfame
Potassium
15 52
Saccharin 5 083
Aspartame 50 87
Sucralose 5 16
Neotame 18 01
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
dayweightbodykg
sweetenermg
The Acceptable Daily Intake is determined by the FDA The Estimated Daily Intake is based on the amount consumed by people whose intake exceeds that of 90 of the population
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Carbonated soft drinks gallons per year per capita
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage and food intake in the US population as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007ndash
2008) among individuals
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Prevalence ( SE) of nonnutritive sweetened beverage intake among US children and adults as determined by one 24-hour recall (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2007ndash2008) according to age group
Christopher Gardner et al Dia Care 2012351798-1808
copy2012 by American Diabetes Association
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
14
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
51 of the respondents reported trying to limit sugar
44 were trying to limit high-fructose corn syrup and
29 were trying to limit low-calorie sweeteners7
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health Survey
Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_Food
_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutrition_and_
Health Accessed June 11 2012
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
15
2012 survey of American adults
by the International Food Information Council Foundation
When asked to select ge1 choices from a list of reasons for using NNS
41 chose ldquoare an option for people with diabetesrdquo
41 chose ldquocan reduce the calorie content of foodsrdquo
40 chose ldquocan play a role in weight loss or weight managementrdquo
30 chose ldquocan be part of an overall healthful dietrdquo and
31 chose ldquodont know enough about them to provide an answerrdquo
73 of those consuming NNS reported doing so to reduce total calories
consumed
International Food Information Council Foundation 2012 Food amp Health
Survey Consumer Attitudes toward Food Safety Nutrition and
Health httpwwwfoodinsightorgResourcesDetailaspxtopic=2012_F
ood_Health_Survey_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Food_Safety_Nutriti
on_and_Health Accessed June 11 2012
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
bull A 2009 American Heart Association scientific statement titled ldquoDietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Healthrdquo (1) concluded that current intake of added sugars among Americans greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances based on the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines (2) For this reason the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommended population-wide reductions in added sugars intake
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
17
Nonnutritive sweeteners and hypocaloric sweeteners
bullUse of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) has the potential to reduce overall
calorie and carbohydrate intake if substituted for caloric sweeteners without
compensation by intake of additional calories from other food sources (B)
The US Food and Drug Administration has reviewed several types of
hypocaloric sweeteners (eg NNSs and sugar alcohols) for safety and
approved them for consumption by the general public including people with
diabetes (145) Research supports that NNSs do not produce a glycemic effect
however foods containing NNSs may affect glycemia based on other
ingredients in the product (11) An American Heart Association and ADA
scientific statement on NNS consumption concludes that there is not enough
evidence to determine whether NNS use actually leads to reduction in body
weight or reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (146) These conclusions are
consistent with a systematic review of hypocaloric sweeteners (including sugar
alcohols) that found little evidence that the use of NNSs lead to reductions
in body weight (147) If NNSs are used to replace caloric sweeteners without
caloric compensation then NNSs may be useful in reducing caloric and
carbohydrate intake (146) although further research is needed to confirm these
results (147)
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Mean (plusmn SEM) changes in body weight fat mass and fat-free mass during an intervention in which overweight subjects consumed supplements containing either sucrose (bull n = 21) or
artificial sweeteners ( n = 20) daily for 10 wk
Anne Raben et al Am J Clin Nutr 200276721-729
copy2002 by American Society for Nutrition
35 women and 6 men
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Br J Nutr 2007 Jan97(1)193-203
Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar
effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week
period
Reid M1 Hammersley R Hill AJ Skidmore P
in normal-weight women (n 133)
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
BMI trends over 25 weeks for the intervention (A slope = minus0081 kgm2 P = 0005) and control (B slope = 0002 kgm2 P = 95) groups as a function of baseline BMI The intervention effect
was significant as shown by 95 confidence band on difference bet
Cara B Ebbeling et al Pediatrics 2006117673-680
copy2006 by American Academy of Pediatrics
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Because all 6 of these NNS have current US
Food and Drug Administration approval issues
related to safety of these compounds are not
addressed In addition the review of the
literature is primarily restricted to human studies
in which noncaloric sweeteners are used as a
replacement for caloric sweeteners
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
EPIC UK
bull The characteristics of ASB consumers were the most different from the total cohort ASB consumers were younger and more likely to be women obese and to have reported a family history of diabetes They also reported being the most physically active and had the lowest TEIs
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Μικροβίωμα εντέρου
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
26
Δόση γλυκαντικού που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτά τα πειράματα
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Aκετοσουλφάμη-Κ
bull 375 mgkg βάρους σώματοςΜέρα
bull ADI 15 mg
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Αύξηση βάρους μόνο στα αρσενικά (A)Μικρόβια σχετιζόμενα με μεταβολισμό (B)αρσενικά (C)θηλυκά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Λειτουργική ανάλυση γονιδίων μεταβολισμού σε αρσενικά
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Γονίδια σχετιζόμενα με φλεγμονή
Kun Lu PLoS One 2017 12(6) e0178426
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Σακχαρίνη-ADI 5 mgkg βάρους
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Με αντιβιοτικά επανέρχεται το σάκχαρο
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Μετέφεραν μικροβιωμα σε άλλα ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
386 Μη διαβητικοί
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
7 Μη καταναλωτες
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Μεταφορά μικροβιωματος σε ποντίκια
Elivan E Nature 514 181ndash186 (09 October 2014)
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
bull This dose corresponds to the FDA acceptable daily intake (ADI) in humans (5 mg per kg (bodyweight) adjusted to mouse weights see Methods)
bull 42 τενεκεδάκια μέρα
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Μηχανισμοί κορεσμού και ανταμοιβής
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Κατανάλωση θερμίδων
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Βάρος
SwithersPhysiol Behav 2010 Apr 26 100(1) 55ndash62
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Χρήστες γλυκαντικών επεξεργάζονται διαφορετικά τη γεύση γλυκού
Diet soda drinkers demonstrated greater activation to sweet taste dopaminergic midbrain (including ventral tegmental area) and right amygdala
Saccharin elicited a greater response in the right orbitofrontal cortex (BrodmannArea 47) relative to sucrose in nondiet soda drinkers There was no difference in fMRI response to the nutritive or nonnutritive sweetenerfor diet soda drinkers Within the diet soda drinkers fMRI activation of the right caudate head in response to saccharin was negatively associated with the amount of diet sodas consumedper week individuals who consumed a greater number of diet sodas had reduced caudatehead activation These findings suggest that there are alterations in reward processing ofSweet taste in individuals who regularly consume diet soda and this is associated with the degree of consumption
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Ενεργοποιούνται διαφορετικές περιοχές σε αυτούς που πίνουν
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Ποσότητα
Murphy C Physiol Behav 2012 Nov 5 107(4) 560ndash567
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
bull Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Apr65(4)508-13 doi 101038ejcn2010291 Epub 2011 Jan 19
bull Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects
bull 50 ml of either water sucralose (0083 wv)
bull At this dose oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY insulin or appetite
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
From Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy and offspring growth through 7 years
of age a prospective cohort studyInt J Epidemiol Published online June 06 2017 doi101093ijedyx095
Int J Epidemiol | Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association 2017 This work is written
by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the United States
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of
TRPM5 channel activity
bull 124thinspμM or 100thinspmgthinsplminus1
bull This concentration is half of the maximum allowed dosage of SGs in soft drinks allowed in the European Union and
bull lt25 of the suggested maximal dose by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization3940
Nat Commun 2017 8 14733
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
Συμπερασματικά
bull Ποσότητα
bull Αντιστάθμιση
bull Προοπτικές μελέτες
bull Ρόλος στο έντερο
bull Ρόλος στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα
bull Επανεκτίμηση των ADI
bull Εγκυμοσύνη
bull Στεβια
