Βασικά ηλεκτρονικά -...

:

:

.

. . : 113668 .

. . : 116178

:

.

/

2008

10 ,

2

SPICE

,

. , ,

,

,

.

SPICE

breadboard, .

, ,

,

,

breadboards, , ,

.

, PSPICE,

,

.

-

.

SPICE, ,

.

, .

, .

, .

, ,

.

.

-,

.

3

1. ..............................................................................................5 2. ..............................................................................................................6 3. ........................................................................................9 3.1 Schematic Capture ........................................9 3.2 ...................................................................................10 3.3 ................................................11 3.4 .....................................................................12 3.5 ...........................................................................................13 3.6 Netlist..............................................................17 4. ...............................................................................21 4.1 ..........................................................................................................21 4.2 .....................................................................22 4.3 ..........................................................................26 4.4 ...............................................................................30 5. ......................................................................................................33

5.1 DC ................................................................................................33 5.2 ..........................................................................................................45

5.2.1 .........................................................................45 5.2.1.1 ...........................................46 5.2.1.2 .......................................48

5.2.2 ..............................................................................49 5.2.2.1 ............................................49 5.2.2.2 ...............................................50

5.3. p-n ......................................................................................51 5.3.1 -V p-n........................................................52 5.3.2 p-n .............................................................53 5.3.3 p-n .....................................................54

5.4 .................................................56 5.4.1 BJT...................................................................56

5.4.1.1 -V BJT ................................56 5.4.2 MOSFET..........................................58

5.4.2.1 -V MOSFET......................................................................................59 5.4.2.2 MOSFET ....61 5.4.2.3 MOSFET......................................................................................62

6. ........................................................................................................65

4

1. simulator SPICE

. 60

IBM ECAP,

Berkeley -

CANCER. 70

,

, -

. , ,

Berkeley

SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuits Emphasis),

CANCER. , simulator ,

.

SPICE,

. SPICE

,

, .

,

SPICE. 1984

MicroSim Corporation

, PSPICE. PSPICE

, 9.x.

SPICE, , ,

,

.

5

2. Orcad PSpice A/D 9.1 student version ,

internet. (.. http://www.electronics-

lab.com/downloads/schematic/013 ) ,

Orcad PSpice A/D . ,

, > Pspice Student > Pspice Design

Manager, 1:

1: PSpice.

, Design Manager ( 2),

schematics .

6

http://www.electronics-lab.com/downloads/schematic/013http://www.electronics-lab.com/downloads/schematic/013

2: Design Manager.

schematic capture, PSpice Schematics.

,

, Design Manager.

:

3: PSpice Schematics.

7

3

. ,

view CTRL+I

zoom in CTRL-O zoom out.

.

Schematics , ,

,

. , PSpice,

Netlist

. schematic

capture.

8

3. 3.1 Schematic Capture schematic capture

, ,

.

: Draw > Get New Part,

CTRL+G, 4:

4: .

, Part

Name. 4, r

,

,

.

Place and close

, ,

, .

9

, Esc

. PSpice

. , Libraries

,

,

.

1: PSPICE.

Pspice R Analog

C Analog L Analog

XFRM_LINEAR Analog AGND source D eval

n-channel mosfet MbreakN breakout p-channel mosfet MbreakP breakout

n-channel jfet JbreakN breakout NPN transistor Q2N* eval PNP transistor QbreakP Breakout

, (..

- VSIN)

(.. , ..).

.

,

.

3.2

,

.

:

10

:

Edit > Rotate CTRL+R. PSpice

.

5: .

: Edit > Copy CTRL+C

Edit > Paste CTRL+V.

:

.

: Del Edit > Delete

,

, ,

.

3.3

.

Draw > Wire CTRL+W

. ,

Wire.

,

.

,

PSpice

.

11

6: .

3.4

,

, : Edit > Attributes

.

,

, , .

, ,

, ,

: Edit > Attributes.

7: .

(Save Attr.).

,

,

.

12

3.5 , ,

,

:

2: PSPICE

PSPICE

VDC Source VAC Source E Analog F Analog G Analog H Analog VPULSE Source uA741 Eval Sw_topen Eval Sw_tclose Eval

,

:

: ,

. 8

.

8: .

13

: DC .

: DC

AC .

:

.

9: .

: 4 7 12V.

, 2 3,

6.

10: .

: /. PSpice

(Rclosed) (Ropen) ,

, ,

, .

14

11: .

.sch, :

12: .

, -

, 0.

, ,

PSpice.

: Get New Part > Analog Ground

, , -

.

15

13: .

. zoom out ,

.

Edit > Attributes,

.

16

14: .

15: .

3.6 Netlist Netlist

, ,

PSpice.

Netlist Schematics

: Analysis > Create Netlist.

17

: Analysis > Examine Netlist

text editor, *Schematics Netlist*

( 16-18).

16: Netlist.

17: Examine Netlist.

18: Edit Netlist.

18

*Schematics Netlist*

. 18

Schematics,

, .

Netlist :

:

[] [ ] [ ] [ ].

10, f: 10-15, p: 10-12, n: 10-9, u: 10-6, m: 10-3, k: 103,

Meg: 106, G: 109 T: 1012.

,

0.

* .

.END .end (-

PSPICE case sensitive).

; .

+ .

,

(.)

:

.OP ( ):

.

.DC (DC ):

.

.DC SRCname START STOP STEP

.DC V1 0 20 2

.TF ( H(s)=Vout/Vin):

.TF [ ] [ ]

.TF V(3,0) Vin

V(3,0) 3

0.

.TRAN (Transient Analysis):

.TRAN TSTEP TSTOP TSTART

19

.TRAN 0.02 20 0

.AC ( AC):

.AC LIN NP [Number of points Frequency Start] [Frequency top]

.AC DEC NP [Number of points per decade Frequency Start] [Frequency top]

.AC DEC 10 1000 1E6

, -

.

20

4. , -

, PSpice

.

(Simulate), , F11

, Pspice ( 19).

19: PSpice Simulator.

4.1. PSpice

. Markers

, ,

.

, :

.

: , (

20), .

21

:

, , .

20: .

, PSpice

.

: Markers > Mark Advanced.

4.2 ,

, : Analysis > Setup.

22

21: Setup .

22:

22: .

Transient:

.

,

. , Pspice

,

23

. ,

.

23: Transient .

DC Sweep: PSpice ,

,

.

,

.

, ,

. ,

,

.

24

24: DC Sweep .

AC Sweep:

, Bode

Nyquist

.

, ,

dB . ,

,

.

25: AC Sweep .

25

Parametric: , PSpice

.

4.3 ,

,

Simulate F11.

( 26).


default

x. , ,

,

: Plot > Axis Settings.

26

27: Axis Settings.

28: Axis Settings.

27

27 28,

,

. , PSpice .

,

. Axis Variable

( 29),

, .

29: X Axis Variable.

, x,

y,

: Trace > Add Trace

.

28

30: Add Trace.

31: Add Trace.

29

31

, ,

( 32).

32: R7.

4.4 ( 32),

,

, . , ,

,

: Trace > Cursor > Display ( 33).

30

33: .

,

. ,

34, ,

,

.

34: .

,

, .. Matlab to Excel, -

. , ,

.

35: .

31

, , Edit > Copy

. ,

(Paste) .

Format.

32

5. 5.1 DC ,

( 36) PSpice.

3,

PSpice Schematics.

36: .

, .

: Draw > Get New Part

Schematic ( 37).

33

37: .

, ,

.

,

CTRL+R .

, ,

: Draw > Get New Part. , ,

VDC. ,

Esc.

34

38: .

, ,

Schematic, : Draw > Wire.

,

, (.

3.3).

, ,

( 39).

35

39: .

,

: Edit > Attributes, .

, ,

0, AGND Get New Part.

,

,

.

. , ,

, ,

: Analysis > Display Results on Schematic > Enable

( 40).

36

40: .

41: .

37

PSpice

. ,

- 1.5 V.

, R7

R1, R7

. :

- R7 PSpice,

- , -

,

- ,

- ,

- Probe R7

-

R7 1.5 V.

,

.

, , R7

R1 ( 42).

38

42: R7.

PSpice

default , .. RVAL,

( 43).

43: R7 .

, ,

, Draw >

Get New Part, PARAM ( 44)

.

39

44: R1 .

, default

,

PARAMETERS,

45..

45: R7 default .

40

46, PSpice

default ,

.

46: R7 .

: Analysis > Setup >DC Sweep

.

10 , 10

, 0.1 10k.

41

47: DC SWEEP R7.

.sch

, Pspice

(Simulate) F11.

48.


42

R7, ,

. : Plot > Axis Settings

Axis Variable R7, ,

, R7

, V(R7:1)-V(R7:2).

, . ,

,

. Data Range, Auto Range,

User Define .

, R7

y , Add Trace,

, x. ,

, ,

x.

R7,

, y 49.

43

49: R7.

:

Trace > Cursor > Display .

, .

,

1.5 V,

R7 1.5 V.

44

50:

(.. 1.5V).

50

,

1.5041 V R7 714.035A

R7 :

R7(for 1.5V)=1.5041V/714.035=2106.5

5.2 5.2.1

,

. ,

,

.

45

5.2.1.1 , ,

,

.

, 51, PSpice,

AC Sweep .

51: .

, AC Sweep

, 52. , -

, .

52: AC SWEEP .

46

, ,

,

.

,

0.707

fco=39.714 Hz.

:

fco=R/(2L)=1k/2**4H=39,79 Hz

, transient ,

10Hz 100Hz.

.

53 54.

53: Transient 10Hz.

54: Transient 100Hz.

transient ,

10Hz ,

100Hz , ,

.

47

5.2.1.2 55 -

,

,

(), ().

55: .

56: AC Sweep .

,

,

56. , ,

48

16.286Hz.

:

fco=1/(2**R*C)=1/(2**1k*10uF)=15.92Hz

5.2.2

,

. ,

,

.

5.2.2.1 ,

, -

. 57

.

57: .

49

58: AC Sweep .

58 AC Sweep . , ,

, ,

fco=16.871Hz, :

fco=1/(2**R*C)=1/(2**1k*10uF)=15.92Hz

5.2.2.2

, 59,

,

,

(), ().

59: .

50

60: AC Sweep .

60,

0.707 fco=39.429

Hz. :

fco=R/(2L)=1k/2**4H=39,79 Hz

5.3. p-n p-n

, , ,

. , , p,

, n,

.

.

, , ,

() (OFF). ,

Vthreshold,

.

, ,

. ,

, Vthreshold 0.65 V,

. ,

51

,

. , , -

, .

5.3.1 -V p-n 61, ,

. -

,

, , -

. -

.

61: .

62,

DC Sweep

R2 61.

, R2

. x

, y ,

- .

52

62: - .

62 ,

.

5.3.2 p-n . -

, , ,

,

. 63 ,

. :

Vin=Vosin(2ft)

63: .

53

, 64 ,

(Transient)

20msec,

.

64: .

,

R4 V(R4:2) R(R4:1), 2 -

, (

). 64

. ,

,

. ,

, -

,

0.

5.3.3 p-n .

,

.

, ,

65.

54

65: .

65 66,

.

66: .

, , () -

. ,

,

,

. -

,

. , ,

,

55

. ,

,

.

5.4 ,

,

,

.

, .

.

5.4.1 BJT ,

, (

67). , ,

.

67: BJT .

5.4.1.1 -V BJT

68

.

56

68: BJT IC VCE.

VCE

DC Sweep VCE.

69.

69: IC VCE IB=1mA. B

,

nested sweep DC Sweep

70, -

, .

57

70: DC VCE.

,

70,

. -

.

5.4.2 MOSFET

, .

: ,

. MOSFET

,

VGS Vthreshold

,

. VGS Vthreshold

drain source (VDS)

VGS-Vthreshold,

() drain

source. -

. ,

58

VGS VDS. ,

VDS VGS-Vthreshold

VGS > Vthreshold, ,

.

5.4.2.1 -V MOSFET 71,

(MOSFET).

71: MOSFET ID-VDS.

DC Sweep VDS

VDS

.

72.

59

72: ID VDS VGS=5V.

, ,

nested sweep

DC Sweep , 73,

,

VGS.

73: DC VDS.

,

73,

60

VGS .

: ,

, ,

VDS, , .

MOSFET,

.

5.4.2.2 MOSFET MOSFET

, ,

. 74,

CMOS,

PMOS NMOS.

74: CMOS.

74

Transient , 75,

.

61

75: CMOS .

, 0V,

0, PMOS , NMOS ,

PMOS, 5V, 1. ,

1, NMOS ,

PMOS,

NMOS, 0.

5.4.2.3 MOSFET MOSFET , ,

. 76,

NOR

pseudo-NMOS.

62

76: NOR pseudo-NMOS.

76 -

Transient ,

77, NOR.

77: NOR.

, , PMOS

. 1 0,

63

NMOS , ,

NMOS,

0V, 0. ,

0, 0,

NMOS , PMOS, 1.

1, NMOS ,

0. , 76

NOR ( =(+) ).

64

6.

[1] OrCAD PSpice A/D Reference Manual Version 9.0.

[2] Gua Rpida de Pspice Versin 9.1, Escuela tcnica superior de ingenera departamento de electrotecnia y sistemas, Universidad Pontificia y comillas, Madrid.

[3] MicroSim PSpice & Basics Circuit Analysis Software Users Guide.

[4] CMOS VLSI, N.H. Weste, K.Eshrachian, .

[5] , Sedra/Smith, .

65

Βασικά ηλεκτρονικά -...

Documents

Transcript of Βασικά ηλεκτρονικά -...