β acyl methyl group carbonyl CoA to β - Edudigm · or other fatty acids usually glycolipids or...

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Sphs 11 biology 91. Which enzyme/s will be produced in a cell in which there is a nonsense mutation in the lac Y gene? (a) Lactose permease (b) Transacetylase (c) Lactose permease and transacetylase (d) β-galactosidase β-galactoside transacetylase is an enzyme that transfers an acetyl group(In organic chemistry, acetyl is a functional group, the acyl with chemical formula CH3CO. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac (not to be confused with the element actinium). The acetyl group contains a methyl group single-bonded to a carbonyl.) from acetyl-CoA to β-galactosides, and is coded by a gene (lacA) in the lac operon of E. 92. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of one of the categories of small molecular weight organic compounds in the living tissue. Identify the category shown and the one blank component X in it Category Component (a) Cholesterol Guanine (b) Amino acid NH 2 (c) Nucleotide Adenine (d) Nucleoside Uracil While a nucleoside is a nucleobase linked to a sugar, a nucleotide is composed of a nucleoside and 1 or more phosphate groups. Thus, nucleosides can be phosphorylated by specific kinases in the cell on the sugar's primary alcohol group (-CH2-OH) to produce nucleotides. Uracil (U) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, uracilbinds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine.--- C4H4N2O2 93. Which one out of A-D given below correctly represents structural formula of the basic amino acid? A B C D

Transcript of β acyl methyl group carbonyl CoA to β - Edudigm · or other fatty acids usually glycolipids or...

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91. Which enzyme/s will be produced in a cell in which there is a nonsense mutation in the lac Y gene?

(a) Lactose permease (b) Transacetylase (c) Lactose permease and transacetylase (d) β-galactosidase β-galactoside transacetylase is an enzyme that transfers an acetyl group(In organic chemistry, acetyl is a functional group, the acyl with chemical formula CH3CO. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac (not to be confused with the element actinium). The acetyl group contains a methyl group single-bonded to a carbonyl.) from acetyl-CoA to β-galactosides, and is coded

by a gene (lacA) in the lac operon of E. 92. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of one of the categories of small molecular weight organic compounds in the living tissue. Identify the category shown and the one blank component X in it

Category Component (a) Cholesterol Guanine (b) Amino acid NH2 (c) Nucleotide Adenine (d) Nucleoside Uracil While a nucleoside is a nucleobase linked to a sugar, a nucleotide is composed of a nucleoside and 1 or more phosphate groups. Thus, nucleosides can be phosphorylated by specific kinases in the cell on the sugar's primary alcohol group (-CH2-OH) to produce nucleotides.

Uracil (U) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, uracilbinds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine.--- C4H4N2O2

93. Which one out of A-D given below correctly represents structural formula of the basic amino acid?

A B C D

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(a) C (b) D (c) A (d) B 94. Which one of the following structural formulae of two organic compounds is correctly identified along with its relate; function?

(a) A — Triglyceride — major source of energy (b) B — Uracil — a component of DNA (c) A — Lecithin — a component of cell membrane (d) B — Adenine — a nucleotide that makes up nucleic acids Cell membranes, which regulate which nutrients may leave or enter the cell, are largely composed of phospholipids made from lecithin. ... The protective sheaths surrounding the brain are composed of lecithin, containing phospholipids and the muscles and nerve cells also contain this fatty acid substance. Lecithins are usually phospholipids, composed of phosphoric acid with choline, glycerol or other fatty acids usually glycolipids or triglyceride. Glycerophospholipids in lecithin include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid.

95. DNA is present in

(a) chromosomes and dictyosomes (b) chloroplasts and lysosomes (c) mitochondria and chloroplasts (d) mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA.Mitochondria (illustration) are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use.

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Chloroplast DNA. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome when referring to genomes of other plastids.

96. DNA is denatured by

(a) heat (b) acid (c) DNA polymerase (d) Both (a) and (b) The process of breaking a double-stranded DNA into single strands is known asDNA denaturation, or DNA melting. The temperature at which the DNA strands are half denatured, meaning half double-stranded, half single-stranded, is called the melting temperature(Tm). The denaturation of nucleic acids such as DNA due to high temperatures is the separation of a double strand into two single strands, which occurs when the hydrogen bonds between the strands are broken. 97. Sequence of DNA (non-coding) is known as

(a) exon (b) intron (c) cistron (d) None Intron: A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.

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DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a strand of DNA. 98. Secondary cell wall grows by

(a) deamination (b) calcitonin (c) opposition (d) None of these The secondary cell wall, a thick layer formed inside the primary cell wall after thecell is fully grown. It is not found in all cell types. Some cells, such as the conducting cells in xylem, possess a secondary wall containing lignin, which strengthens and waterproofs the wall. Plant cell wall material is composed of three important constituents: cellulose,lignin, and hemicellulose. Lignin is particularly difficult to biodegrade, and reduces the bioavailability of the other cell wall constituents. It is particularly abundant in compression wood but scarce in tension wood, which are types of reaction wood. Lignin plays a crucial part in conducting water in plant stems. The polysaccharide components of plant cell walls are highly hydrophilic and thus permeable to water, whereas lignin is more hydrophobic. C9H10O2,C10H12O3,C11H14O—lignin formula

99. Many cells function properly and divide mitotically even though they do not have

(a) plasma membrane (b) cytoskeleton (c) mitochondria (d) plastids 100. Cell organelle responsible for autolysis is

(a) dictyosome (b) lysosome (c) peroxisome (d) glyoxysome Peroxisome :a small organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, which contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases. Meaning of autolysis: the destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes, especially those released by lysosomes.

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101. Ribozyme was discovered by

(a) Kuhne (b) Duclaux (c) Cech et al (d) Altmann 102. Which of the following serves as mitotic spindle poison?

(a) Ca2+ (b) Mg2+ (c) Tubulin (d) Colchicine a yellow compound present in the corms of colchicums, used to relieve pain in cases of gout. Colchicine is a medication most commonly used to treat gout. It is a toxic natural product and secondary metabolite, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum (autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, also known as "meadow saffron") Molecular formula: C22H25NO6 103. Synthesis of RNA and protein takes place in which phase of the cell cycle?

(a) S-phase (b) M-phase (c) G1 and G2 phase (d) None of these Transcription is the process of synthesizing ribonucleic acid (RNA). Synthesis takes place within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells or in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and converts the genetic code from a gene in deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) to a strand of RNA that then directs protein synthesis.

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104. Which is the shortest phase in the cell cycle?

(a) G1 (b) G2 (c) S (d) M In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle is also divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA.

The subsequent mitotic (M) phase consists of two processes: mitosis, the process of nuclear division, and cytokinesis, division of the cell's 105. Cells which are not dividing are likely to be at

(a) G1 (b) G2 (c) G0 (d) S phase Cell cycle is one of the imporatant phenomenon of living world which can be considered as the carrier of the central dogma process (replication,transcription and translation ). Out of different phases, G0 Phase is one those. It is the phase when 'cells just survive and do not grow further'. To be more clarifying , in this phase the cells loose all their metabolic action and just survive for this dormancy period to be over. Not all the cells attain this stage. It depens upon species and tissues. Ex- Human heart muscle cells and neurons.

106. Histogens capping root apical, meristem is

(a) dermatogen (b) calyptrogen (c) periblem (d) plerome

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calyptrogen | a layer of rapidly dividing cells at the tip of a plant root, from which the root cap isformed. It occurs in grasses and many other plants They greatly increase the surface area of the root and facilitate the absorption of water , cylinder, cortex, and epidermis—originate from three groups of initial cells, or histogens, in the apical meristem—plerome, periblem, and dermatogen respectively. A fourth histogen, the calyptrogen, produces the root cap. 107. One of the following statement is false for heartwood.

(a) Made up of living cells (b) Forms 'central cylinder of wood (c) Solid and hard (d) Contains gums and resins

Sapwood is the living, outermost portion of a woody stem or branch, while heartwood is the dead, inner wood, which often comprises the majority of a stem's cross-section , can usually distinguish sapwood from heartwood by its lighter color. 108. The scutellum observed in a grain of wheat or maize is comparable to, which part of the seed in other monocotyledons.

(a) Cotyledon (b) Endosperm (c) Aleurone layer (d) Plumule

109. Which one of the following is not a lateral meristem?

(a) Intrafascicular cambium (b) Interfascicular cambium (c) Phellogen (d) Intercalary meristem

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Definition of intercalary meristem. : a meristem developing between regions of mature or permanent tissue (as at the base of the grass leaf) 110. Heartwood differs from sapwood in

(a) presence of rays and fibres (b) absence of vessels and parenchyma (c) having dead and non-conducting elements (d) being susceptible to pests and pathogens 111. What do you mean by closed vascular bundle?

(a) Cambium present (b) Cambium absent (c) Periderm absent (d) None of these

112. The thalloid body of a slime mould (Myxomycetes) is known as

(a) protonema (b) Plasmodium (c) fruiting body (d) mycelium

113. The fertility or F+ factor that plays a role in conjugation is a

(a) retrovirus (b) plasmid (c) viroid (d) lysogenic phage A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. 114. The causative agent of mad-cow disease is a

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(a) bacterium (b) prion (c) worm (d) virus Mad cow disease is a rare illness people can get from eating infected beef.

Bovine spongiform encepha- lopathy (en-CEF-A-LOP-a-thee), also called BSE or “mad cow disease,” is a disease that affects the brain of cattle and humans. Most scientists believe that it is caused by an abnormal protein in brain tissue, called a prion (PRY-on), that can cause fatal disease when eaten. 115. Fungus/lichen, which grows on wood is

(a) terricolous (b) saxicolous (c) lignocolous (d) corticolous

116. Most of the cells in areolar tissue are

(a) fibroblasts (b) macrophages (c) mast cells (d) All of these

117. Fern gametophyte is

(a) multicellular, cordate prothallus (b) liver-shaped, thallus (c) unicellular, colourless (d) filamentous, multicellular and green

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118. In the sieve elements, which one of the following is the most likely function of P-proteins?

(a) Deposition of callose on sieve plates (b) Providing energy for active translocation (c) Autolytic enzymes (d) Sealing mechanism on wounding

119. Maximum absorption of water takes place in zone of

(a) root cap (b) elongation (c) root hairs (d) cell division

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120. Vessel less angiosperms is/are

(a) Wintera (Winteraceae) (b) Tetracentron(Tetracentraceae) (c) Trochodendron(Trochodendraceae) (d) All of the above

Drimys winteri (Winteraceae), the basal angiosperm The Winteraceae are traditionally regarded as the least-specialized descendents of the first flowering plants, based largely on their lack of xylem vessels. Since vessels have been viewed as a key innovation for angiosperm diversification, Winteraceae have been portrayed as declining relicts, limited to wet forest habitats where their tracheid-based wood does not impose a significant hydraulic constraints. Asian Garden: Trochodendron aralioides

Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. ... The two living species (Tetracentron sinense and Trochodendron aralioides) both have secondary xylem without vessel elements, which is quite rare in angiosperms.

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Tetracentron sinense

Tetracentron shares with Trochodendron the feature, very unusual in angiosperms, of lacking vessel elements in itswood. This has long been considered a very primitive character, resulting in the classification of these two genera in a basal position in the angiosperms; however, research in Molecular phylogenetics by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Groupand others has shown that these two genera are not basal angiosperms, but basal eudicots. This suggests that the absence of vessel elements is a secondarily evolved character, not a primitive one.