6 : 7 . -. - . 2006 - 0725.10.2007

: = i + c + s i = c = s = () K - () : , :(1) , ( )(2) . ( ) ( ). - ()

, ( ) ( ) - , ( ). , . , . , - (SPT, CPT, , ). : , () ( ) () - :

1. (SPT) : -

1. (SPT) : - = 30 cm ( 15cm) 75kg 3 x 15cm : n = 6,8,9N = 8+9 = 1715cm15cm15cm = 17

1. (SPT) : - , .

1. (SPT) : - () SPT 2 (= ). 2

1. (SPT) : - SPT : 60 = CER Nm : Nw = Cw Nm (, ) : Nn = Cn Nm , , (Dr), () : = CER Cw Cn Nm, (Nm) :

m SPT :1. m ( 60% ) :N60 = CER Nm, , ( CER = 1 N60 = Nm ) 60% .1. (SPT) : m : SPT Nm > 15, , ( Nm) Terzaghi :N = 15 + 0.5 ( Nm 15) m < 15 , . : = 1.25 m

m , Terzaghi BS 8002 : Cn = Nn () / Nm () = / : (B=L=1.5m) z=2B=3m. (z=B=1.5m), 1.5x20=30 kPa ( ). 0 2 = 3m N60= m= 10. : Cn = 2.40 n = Cn Nm = 2.4 x 10 = 24 ( ) Terzaghi BS 8002 SPT ( ), . . Terzaghi, : 135 kPa

3. m : v=100 kPa Cn ( Peck, Hanson & Thornburn, 1974) : Nn = Cn Nm : (B=L=1.5m) z=2B=3m. (z=B=1.5m), 1.5x20=30 kPa ( ). 0 2 = 3m N60= m= 10. : Cn = 1.35 n = Cn Nm = 1.35 x 10 = 13.5 ( ) SPT ( ), . . Peck, Hanson & Thornburn (1974), : 100 kPa

3. m Dr = 100 % ( Terzaghi & Peck) : : (B=L=1.5m) z=2B=3m. (z=B=1.5m), 1.5x20=30 kPa ( ). 0 2 = 3m N60= m= 10. Dr = 67 %. 100%, = 31 ( ).Dr = 67%60

4. =m ( Peck & Bazaraa, 1967) : vo < 71.8 kPa : vo > 71.8 kPa :

Chart2

0

5

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

71.8

71.8

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

N' / N (Peck & Bazarra)

(kPa)

Sheet1

04

53.3085194376

102.8208744711

202.1786492375

301.7746228926

401.497005988

501.2944983819

601.1402508552

701.018848701

71.80.9996900961

71.81.000820673

800.9799118079

900.955566173

1000.9324009324

1100.9103322713

1200.8892841263

1300.8691873099

1400.8499787505

1500.8316008316

1600.814000814

1700.7971303308

1800.7809449434

1900.7654037505

2000.7504690432

2100.7361059993

2200.7222824124

2300.7089684509

2400.6961364427

2500.6837606838

2600.6718172657

2700.6602839221

2800.6491398896

2900.6383657836

3000.6279434851

Sheet1

N' / N (Peck & Bazarra)

(kPa)

Sheet2

Sheet3

1.1. Alpan :i = ( cm)B, L = (B L)q = ( kPa) = SPT, Terzaghi & Peck ( Dr=100%)1. (SPT) : -

m Alpan : Dr = 100 % ( Terzaghi & Peck) : : (B=L=1.5m) z=2B=3m. (z=B=1.5m), 1.5x20=30 kPa ( ). 0 2 = 3m N60= m= 10. Dr = 67 %. 100%, = 31 ( ).Dr = 67%60

Alpan : (L=3m, =2m) D=1m. q=300 kPa. =20 kN/m3 SPT N60 = 10. Alpan : : z = 2B = 4m : v = (2+1) x 20 =60 kPa v = 60 kPa 60 = 10 Dr = 60 %. 100%, = 25 ( ). = 25 = 0.13

i = 0.94 cm = 9.4 mm1.1. Alpan : -

1.2. Schultze & Sherif :i = ( cm)B, L = (B L)D = ( ) = min ( , 2B) q = ( kPa)N = SPT, Terzaghi & Peck ( Dr=100%)f = 1. (SPT) : -

Schultze & Sherif : (L=3m, =2m) D=1m. q=300 kPa. =20 kN/m3 SPT N60 = 10. Schultze & Sherif : = 2 = 4m H/B = 2 . H/B=2 L/B=1.5 f = 0.074 Terzaghi & Peck ( Dr=100%) : : z = 2B = 4m . : v = (2+1) x 20 =60 kPa v = 60 kPa 60 = 10 Dr = 58 %. 100%, = 25 ( ). = 25 :i = 0.88 cm = 8.8 mm

1.3. Terzaghi & Peck (1967) () (D=0) :q = ( kPa)N = SPT Terzaghi BS 8002i = ( cm) - : = 2.5m = 8.2 , q = 300 kPa , N () = 24 : q1 = 250 kPa : i = 2.5 x (300 / 250) = 3 cm1. q1 ( kPa), : = ( ) :2. ( cm) :

: Terzaghi & Peck , () , (b) b, o o (q) : : , b , b = 0.305m (1), B ( ) :1.3. Terzaghi & Peck (1967) () (D=0) : : / 1 = 4

Chart1

1

1.7773891288

2.2495080623

2.55949622

2.777291855

2.9383164879

3.0620694755

3.160090657

3.2396221079

3.305430224

3.3607769963

3.4079686721

3.4486811942

3.4841613992

3.5153558958

3.5429961892

3.5676564313

3.5897935323

3.6097756088

3.6279025379

3.6444210592

3.659536038

3.6734189823

3.6862145632

(m)

B / 1

Sheet1

/ 1

(m)

0.3051

0.60981.7773891288

0.91462.2495080623

1.21942.55949622

1.52422.777291855

1.8292.9383164879

2.13383.0620694755

2.43863.160090657

2.74343.2396221079

3.04823.305430224

3.3533.3607769963

3.65783.4079686721

3.96263.4486811942

4.26743.4841613992

4.57223.5153558958

4.8773.5429961892

5.18183.5676564313

5.48663.5897935323

5.79143.6097756088

6.09623.6279025379

6.4013.6444210592

6.70583.659536038

7.01063.6734189823

7.31543.6862145632

Sheet1

(m)

B / 1

Sheet2

Sheet3

1.4. Peck, Hanson & Thornburn (1974) :B = (B = L)D = Dw = q = ( kPa)N = SPT Peck, Hanson & Thornburn (1974)i = ( cm) -

1.4. Peck, Hanson & Thornburn (1974) : - B = (B = L)D = Dw = q = ( kPa)N = SPT Peck, Hanson & Thornburn (1974). 2 i = ( cm)Cw = :

Peck, Hanson & Thornburn (1974) : (=L=2m) D=1m. q=300 kPa. =20 kN/m3 SPT N60 = 10. 1m ( : Dw = 2m) : : : z = 2B = 4m (2m ) :v = 2 x 20 + 1 x 10 = 50 kPa. Peck, Hanson & Thornburn : v = 50 kPa Cn = 1.15 Nn = Cn N60 = 1.234 x 10 =12.3D/ = 1/2 = 0.5 , = 2 / 0.305 = 6.55 , = 12.3 ( ) q1 = 130 kPaCw = 0.5 + 0.5 x 2 / (1 + 2) =0.83 : 1.4. Peck, Hanson & Thornburn (1974) :

1.5. Meyerhof :qa = (kPa) ( m), 25mm. N=60 SPT. D , (i cm) : - > 1.2m : < 1.2m :

1.5. Meyerhof : < 1.2 m (i cm) (D=0), : > 1.2 m ()q = kPaB = = SPT i = cm - : (D), : [1+D/(3B)]

i = ( cm) FS 3. FS < 3, - . FS = 2, FS=3.

q = ( ) ( kPa)

B = ( m), L B

= SPT Z . m . - 1.6. Burland & Burbridge (1985) :Dw

= . SPT N , : = 2. , : < 4m : / = 0.80 = 0.80 > 25m : Z / B = 0.40 = 0.40 :

fI = () . > : fI = 1. < : fI = (H/Z) [ 2 (H/Z)] - 1.6. Burland & Burbridge (1985) :Dw

- 1.6. Burland & Burbridge (1985) :fS = . L > B :fo = . : fo = 1 : fo = 1/3ft = . 3 ( t ) : : R3 = 0.3 , Rt = 0.2 : R3 = 0.7 , Rt = 0.8 : Burland & Burbridge (.. )

- 1.6. Burland & Burbridge (1985) : : = 20m , L = 30m , D = 3m, qo = 200 kPa. SPT : d = D = 3m Nm = 15, m (m = 2 ). . : (4m < B < 25m) : = 10m : d = 3m : Nm = 15 N = 15 d = Z = 13m : Nm = 15 + 2 x 10 = 35 = 25= 0.5 x (15 + 25) = 20 :N = 15 + 0.5 ( Nm 15)

- 1.6. Burland & Burbridge (1985) : () :fo = 1 , f = 1 , fS = 1.15 : : t = 30 : R3 = 0.5 , Rt = 0.5 : ft = 1+0.5 + 0.5 log (30/3) = 2

: i = 2 x 3.4 = 6.8 cm :i = 0.171 x 1 x 1.15 x 1 x [ 200.7 / 201.4 ] 140 = 3.4 cm (D=3m) : q = qo D = 200 3 x 20 = 140 kPa

2. (CPT) : - () qc

Schmertmann :i = ( zj)C1 = D ( = )vD = (D) :q = zj = (j). : zj = 0.1 0.2 Ej = (j)Ct = ( t ) (j) , zj :Izj = (j) (t=0.1 ) : Ct = 12. (CPT) : -

Schmertmann : (Izp) Iz :vI = (z) : z = B , z = B/2 , : z. Iz Izp L/B==/2

Schmertmann : Iz :qc = L/B

L / BE / qc1102.53.5

: =2.6m, L=23m D=2m ( ). q=178 kPa. . (qc) CPT . Schmertmann :

1.L / B = 23 / 2.6 = 8.85. (Iz) .2. Iz : Schmertmann :q vD = 178 15.7 x 2 = 147 kPavI = 15.7 x 2 + (15.7 10) x 2.6 = 47.6 kPa : Izp = 0.683. z ( 4 = 4 x 2.6 = 10.4m). 11 . (z) 2 . Iz ( ) 4 qc ( 5) = 3.5 qc C1 :C1 = 1 0.5 x (15.7 x 2) / 147 = 0.898. : Ct = 1.9. :

Schmertmann : () :

qc / N Robertson : (qc) SPT ( )

qc / N (qc MPa) Burland and Burbridge

(Dr)