ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗ Α' ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΣΕΙΣ

179

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Transcript of ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗ Α' ΓΥΜΝΑΣΙΟΥ ΣΗΜΕΙΩΣΕΙΣ

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    2011 B 2012 () 2013

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    ISBN: 978-9963-0-4606-5

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    ENOTHTA A1 ............................................... 13

    A1.1 /.................................................................................................... 15

    1. ; .......................................................................... 15

    2. ............................................................................................................. 15

    3. ............................................................................ 16

    4. (Data) (Information) ......................................................... 16

    5. ........................................................................................................... 16

    6. ......................................................................................... 18

    7. .................................................................................... 18

    8. ..................................................... 19

    9. (Informatics) ........................................................................................ 20

    ................................................................................................................ 20

    ENOTHTA A2 / ...... 21

    A2.1 ........................................................................... 23

    1. .................................................................................................... 23

    2. 1946-56 ( 40-50) ...................................................................... 23

    3. 1956-63 ( 50-60) ................................................................... 24

    4. 1964-70 ( 60+) ........................................................................... 25

    5. 1970 ..................................................................................... 25

    6. 1990 ...................................................................................... 26

    ................................................................................................................ 27

    A2.2 ........................................... 29

    1. ...................................................................... 29

    ................................................................................................................ 32

    A2.3 ...................................... 33

    1. .................................................................................................... 33

    2. ...................................................... 34

    3. ................................................................................. 35

    4. .................................................................................. 35

    5. ( ) ........................................... 36

    6. , . 36

    ................................................................................................................ 37

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    ENOTHTA A3 ..................................................... 39

    A3.1 .................................................................... 41

    1. ................................................................................................................... 41

    2. ..................................................................... 41

    3. ..................................... 42

    4. ........................................... 43

    ................................................................................................................ 44

    A3.2 ...................................................................... 45

    1. ................................................................................................................... 45

    2. (System Software) ................................................................... 45

    3. (Application Software) .............................................................. 45

    4. ....................................... 45

    5. ........................................................................ 46

    ................................................................................................................ 47

    A3.3 ...... 49

    1. (Graphical User Interface) ........................................ 49

    2. (Mouse) ..................................................................................... 50

    3. (Window) ............................................................... 51

    4. .................................................................. 52

    5. ................................................. 52

    ................................................................................................................ 53

    ......................................................................................................................... 54

    A3.4 ............................................................................ 55

    1. ................................................................................................................... 55

    2. (File) ................................................................................................... 55

    3. (Filenames) ..................................................................................... 55

    4. (Folders) (Subfolders) ............................................................ 56

    5. (Path) ................................................................................... 57

    ................................................................................................................ 58

    A3.5 ....................................................... 59

    1. .......................... 59

    2. ...................... 59

    3. (Views) ................. 60

    4. (New Folder) ...................................................................... 60

    5. / (Rename) ............................................................. 60

    6. / (Delete) ........................................................................... 60

    7. / (Copy - Paste) ................................................................. 61

    8. / (Cut Paste) ................................................................. 61

    9. / / ................................... 61

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    10. (Recycle Bin) .......................................... 62

    ........................................................................................................................ 63

    4 ........................................................ 65

    4.2 .......................................................................... 67

    4.2.1 ................................ 69

    1. (Microsoft Word) .................................................................... 69

    2. .............................. 69

    3. ............................................................................ 69

    4. / (New Blank Document) ........................................... 69

    5. (Open) .......................................................................................... 70

    6. ..................................................................... 70

    7. (Views) ..................................................................... 70

    8. (Zoom) ..................................................................... 71

    9. / (Ribbon) ................................................................... 71

    10. / (Ruler) ........................................................................ 71

    11. (Save) .................................................................................... 71

    12. / (Close Document) ............................................................ 72

    13. (Exit) ............................................................... 72

    ........................................................................................................................ 73

    4.2.2 , , K ................. 75

    1. ........................................................... 75

    2. , , , , ..... 75

    3. ...................................................................................................................... 75

    4. ................................................................................... 76

    5. (Print) ............................................... 76

    ........................................................................................................................ 77

    4.2.3 ........................................................ 79

    1. .................................................................................................................. 79

    2. .................................................................................. 80

    3. (Format Painter) .................................................. 80

    ........................................................................................................................ 81

    4.2.4 ................................. 83

    1. .................................................................................................................. 83

    2. (Superscript / Subscript) .................. 83

    3. (Change Case) ............................................................ 84

    4. (Text Highlight Color) .......................... 84

    5. (Text Effects) .......................................................... 84

    6. (Styles) ................................................................... 84

    ........................................................................................................................ 85

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    4.2.5 .................................................. 87

    1. (Alignment) .................................................................................................. 87

    2. - (Line Spacing) .................... 87

    3. (Spacing) .................................................................... 88

    4. (Border) .................................................................................................. 88

    5. (Shading) ....................................................................................................... 89

    6. (Bullets and Numbering) ......................................................... 89

    ......................................................................................................................... 90

    4.2.6 ..................... 93

    1. (Indents) ........................................................................................................ 93

    2. (Tabs) ..................................................................................................... 94

    ......................................................................................................................... 95

    4.2.7 .......................................................... 97

    1. (Margins)................................................................................................... 97

    2. - (Orientation) ...................................................................... 97

    3. (Page Number) .................................................................................. 98

    ......................................................................................................................... 98

    4.2.8 ............................... 99

    1. (Header & Footer) .................................................................. 99

    2. (Border) ............................................................... 99

    3. (Watermark) ..................................................................................... 100

    ....................................................................................................................... 100

    4.2.9 .......................................................................... 101

    1. (Table) ........................................................................................................ 101

    2. ...................................................................................... 101

    3. (Insert Table) .............................................................................. 102

    ....................................................................................................................... 102

    4.2.10 ........................... 103

    1. ................................................................ 103

    2. .................................................................. 103

    3. ................................................................ 103

    4. ................................................. 104

    ....................................................................................................................... 104

    4.2.11 .............................................. 105

    1. .......................................................................................... 105

    ....................................................................................................................... 106

    4.2.12 ................................................................... 107

    1. .................................................................... 107

    2. (Border) ................................................................................. 107

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    3. (Shading) ...................................................................................... 108

    4. (Merge Cells) ............................................................................. 108

    5. (Split Cells) ..................................................................................... 108

    6. (Table Style) ............................................................ 108

    ...................................................................................................................... 109

    4.2.13 ................................................... 111

    1. ................................................................................................................ 111

    2. (Insert Picture from File) ........................................ 112

    3. (Clip Art) ................................... 112

    4. (WordArt) ................................................................ 112

    5. (Shapes) ......................................................... 112

    6. ........................................... 113

    7. (Wrap Text) .................................................... 113

    ...................................................................................................................... 113

    4.3 .......................................................................... 115

    4.3.1 ............................................... 117

    1. (Open)................................................................. 117

    2. (Shapes) ..................... 117

    3. (Text) .................... 117

    4. (Save) ........................................................... 117

    ...................................................................................................................... 118

    4.3.2 ..................................................................... 119

    1. (Add to custom color) ........................................... 119

    2. (Resize) ............................................................................ 119

    3. (Rotate).................................................................................... 119

    4. (Flip) ......................................................................................... 120

    5. (Curve) ...................................................................... 120

    6. (Pick Color) ............................................................ 120

    ...................................................................................................................... 121

    4.3.3 ............................. 123

    1. ................................................................................................................ 123

    2. ; ........................................................... 124

    3. ......................................................................................................... 123

    4. ................................................................. 124

    5 .................................. 125

    5.1 ........................................................................ 127

    5.1.1 ........................................ 129

    1. .................................................................................................................... 129

    2. ................................................................................................................ 130

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    .............................................................................................................. 131

    5.1.2 , ........................................................................................ 133

    1. (URL) ......................... 133

    2. (Home), (Back), (Forward) (Stop) (Refresh) ........................................ 133

    3. ................................................................................................ 134

    4. / : ...................................................... 135

    5. (Favorites): ................................................. 135

    6. : ......................................................................................... 135

    7. , , , , : ........................................... 135

    .............................................................................................................. 136

    5.2 .................................................................. 137

    5.2.1 ................................. 139

    1. (e-mail) ............................................................................ 139

    2. .................................................. 140

    .............................................................................................................. 140

    5.2.2 .......................................... 141

    1. (Webmail) ........ 141

    2. .................................................................................................... 141

    3. ....................................................................... 142

    4. .............................................................................................. 142

    5. (Reply) & (Reply all) ......................... 143

    6. (Forward) .............................................................................. 143

    7. (Attach) ..................................................................... 143

    8. (Cc) (bcc) ......................................... 144

    9. .................................................. 144

    10. .......... 145

    .............................................................................................................. 146

    5.3 ..................................................................... 147

    5.3.1 ... 149

    1. ............................................ 149

    2. : ........................................................................................ 149

    3. (Spam) ................................................................................. 150

    4. ..................................................................... 151

    5. .................................................................................................. 152

    6. ....................................................................... 152

    7. .............................................................................................. 153

    .............................................................................................................. 154

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    ENOTHTA A6 ................. 155

    A6.1 .................................... 157

    1. ..................................................................................... 157

    2. ................................................................................................... 157

    3. () ................................................................... 158

    4. ................................................................................................... 158

    5. ........................................................................................... 158

    .............................................................................................................. 159

    A6.2 .......................................... 161

    1. (Mail Merge) ................................................................. 161

    ENOTHTA A7 , ............................................... 163

    A7.1 ................ 165

    1. ................................................................................................................ 165

    2. ......... 165

    3. ( ) .................................... 166

    4. ( ) ....................................................................................................................... 166

    5. , , ............................................................................................................. 167

    6. .................................................................................................................. 167

    7. ................................................................................................. 168

    .............................................................................................................. 168

    A7.2 Scratch .... 169

    1. ................................................................................................................ 169

    2. Scratch ........................................................................................ 169

    3. Scratch .................................................................................................. 169

    4. ...................................................................................................... 170

    5. (Stage) ...................................................................................................... 170

    6. / () ............................................................ 170

    7. () ........................................................................ 170

    8. (Sprite) ................................................................................ 171

    9. / (Sprite) ...................................................... 171

    10. ................................................................................ 171

    11. ....................................................................... 171

    12. .................................................................. 172

    13. ....................................................................................................... 172

    14. ............................................................................ 172

    15. ................................................................................................... 174

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    16. .................................................................................... 174

    17. ...................................................................................... 175

    18. ............................................................................................ 175

    ....................................................................................................................... 176

    ............................................................................ 177

  • .1 /

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    ENOTHTA A1

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  • .1 / 1.1-2

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    A1.1 /

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    16

    .

    3.

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    4. (Data) (Information)

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    1 :

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    18

    6.

    (),

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    7.

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    Paint , Photoshop, Gimp

    Windows calculator

    Microsoft Word, OpenOffice Writer

    Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice Calc

    Microsoft Powerpoint, OpenOffice Impress

    Microsoft Internet Explorer , Mozilla Firefox

    Media Player , VLC Player , RealPlayer , Power DVD

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    Studio , AutoCAD ,

    Skype .

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  • .1 / 1.1-2

    19

    8.

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    20

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    9. (Informatics)

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    (Informatics):

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    1. ., ., ., ., (2003) , . 35, .

    2. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', ' , . 1215, .

  • .2 /

    21

    ENOTHTA A2 /

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  • .2 / .2.1

    23

    A2.1

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    1.

    , (2200 ..) (80 ..).

    (Pascal) 1645

    (Babbage) 1822 (

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    (

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    2. 1946-56 ( 40-50)

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  • .2 / .2.1

    24

    ). , / ,

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    ENIAC.

    , /

    : 1946-1956

    :

    : ( 100 m ),

    : ( )

    : ( $500,000)

    : ( )

    :

    : ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC

    3. 1956-63 ( 50-60)

    H / (transistor),

    (switch)

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    (

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    (IBM International Business Machine

    Corporation) IBM 1401,

    .

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    : 1956-1963

    : , ( )

    : ( 50100 )

    : ( $500,000)

    : ( 20100 )

    :

    : 7090, -0

    7 :

    8 7090 ( )

    9 -0 ( )

  • .2 / .2.1

    25

    4. 1964-70 ( 60+)

    ( ,

    ).

    ,

    ,

    .

    IBM DEC (IBM

    S/360 DEC PDP-8).

    , /

    : 1964-1970

    : (Integrated Circuit, IC)

    : ( )

    : ( )

    : , ( $10,000 )

    : ( 1,000,000 )

    : IBM S/360, DEC PDP-8

    5. 1970

    ( 70 )

    (microprocessor),

    ,

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    VLSI

    (Very Large Scale Integration).

    ,

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    10 :

    12 DEC PDP-8 ( ) 11 IBM 360 ( )

    13 (Microprocessor):

  • .2 / .2.1

    26

    .

    /. ,

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    (Personal Computers, PCs).

    , /

    : 1970 -

    : (Microprocessor) VLSI

    : ( 1 )

    :

    : ( $1000)

    : ( 1,000,000,000 )

    : IBM PC, Apple iMac

    6. 1990

    1990,

    (artificial intelligence)

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    14 VSLI

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    ASIMO

    Honda:

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  • .2 / .2.1

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    (laptop), (netbook), (handheld

    computers) (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA) ..

    ,

    ( ),

    ,

    .

    , .

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    (DNA computer),

    .

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    , 1940-50, (Transistor) , 1950-

    60 (ICs) ,

    1960+ (Microprocessor), VLSI

    , 1970 , ,

    1990 ,

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    1. ., ., ., .,(2002), , . 2025, , , . .

    2. ., ., ., ., (2003) , . 1114, .

    3. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', ' , . 2129, .

    4. :

  • .2 / .2.1

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    . http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki :

    Webopedia. http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/2002/FiveGenerations.asp

    ( computer generations www.webopedia.com)

    Oracle ThinckQuest. http://library.thinkquest.org/C0115420 ( "History")

    Techi Warehouse. http://www.techiwarehouse.com/engine/a046ee08/Generations-of-Computer

    http://www.youtube.com (computer timeline, computer generations, computer history,

    ...)

  • .2 / .2.2

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    A2.2

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    1.1 (Supercomputers)

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    1.2 (Mainframes)

    1960 1970

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    17

    Cray-2

    18

  • .2 / .2.2

    30

    .

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    1.3 (Personal Computers)

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    : (),

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    (notebooks laptops)

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    / (Palmtops)

    ,

    (PDA),

    .

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    19

    20

    21

  • .2 / .2.2

    31

    (smartphones) .

    ,

    /.

    1.4

    .

    (netbooks)

    (tablet computers)

    .

    (

    ,

    ).

    (service)

    (servers).

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    , computer clusters),

    ,

    , .

    Google.

    (Embedded computers)

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    (GPS), , ..

    22

    netbook

    23

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

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    32

    (Supercomputer):

    , .

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    (Mainframe):

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    (Personal Computer):

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    (Palmtop) ..

    :

    , (netbook),

    (tablet) (server)

    (computer clusters),

    (embedded computers).

    1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', ' , . 1629, .

    2. ., ., ., ., (2003) , . 1215,

    3. Microsoft (2011): ,

    http://windows.microsoft.com/el-GR/windows-vista/Introduction-to-computers

    4. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer ( )

  • .2 / .2.3

    33

    29 , ,

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  • .2 / .2.3

    34

    2.

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    VLSI

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    VLSI.

    () .

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    30

    31 RAM

  • .2 / .2.3

    35

    3.

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    (Keyboard)

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    (Mouse)

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    (Scanner)

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    (Microphone)

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    4.

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    (Monitor)

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    (Printer)

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    (Speakers)

    (..

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  • .2 / .2.3

    36

    5. ( )

    .

    ( ).

    (Hard Disk)

    .

    .

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    (Floppy Disk)

    .

    .

    D

    (Optical Discs,

    CD, DVD)

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    (USB Flash

    Drive)

    .

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    : CD DVD

    (Drives)

    ( Floppy Disk Drive,

    CD/DVD CD/DVD Drive).

    6. ,

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    -

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    . .. (

    ) ( ) .

    (Hardware): (

    ).

    (Software):

    (, ).

    , KME

    (Central Processing Unit,

    CPU):

    , (microprocessor).

    ()

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    VLSI

    ,

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    (I/O Unit):

    VLSI

    () .

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    (Mouse), (Scanner),

    (Microphone), (Web Camera).

    :

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    :

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    (Monitor), (Floppy Disk),

    (Optical Discs, CD, DVD), (USB Flash Drive).

    1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', ' , . 1630,

  • .3

    39

    ENOTHTA A3

    :

    ()

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  • .3 .3.1

    41

    32

    (

    et al.,

    )

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  • .3 .3.1

    42

    .

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    3.1

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    My Documents

    hello.txt My Documents

    mypictures

    firefox

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    (.. , .

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    (Graphical User Interface).

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    (command line interface).

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    34

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    . dir

    .

  • .3 .3.1

    43

    (

    ). ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    3.2

    ,

    , .

    , .

    .

    .

    , ,

    ( ),

    .

    3.3

    .

    .

    .

    4.

    .

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    :

    Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Linux Ubuntu, Linux Fedora Mac OS X,

    UNIX, Aix Solaris,

    Android, iOS4, Windows Phone 7, Mobile Mac OS X, BlackBerry OS6 Symbian, .

    36

  • .3 .3.1

    44

    Linux. Android Linux.

    : ( )

    ,

    .

    :

    . ,

    .

    :

    .

    :

    .

    : ,

    (, , , ..)

    :

    Windows XP/Vista/7, Linux Ubuntu/Fedora, Mac OS X, UNIX,

    A, Solaris, Android, Windows Phone 7, Mobile Mac OS X,

    BlackBerry OS6, Symbian.

    1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', ' , . 3446, .

    2. 2011 Compare Best SmartPhones,http://cell-phones.toptenreviews.com/smartphones/

    3. , http://el.wikipedia.org/ ( : )

  • .3 .3.2

    45

    37

    A3.2

    :

    ( , )

    .

    1.

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    2. (System Software)

    , ,

    ,

    . :

    (Windows, Linux, Mac OS, ..)

    (device drivers) ( , )

    (.. )

    .

    3. (Application Software)

    ,

    , .. ,

    , .

    4.

    .

    (.. ),

    ,

    .

    38

  • .3 .3.2

    46

    .

    .

    .

    , .

    ,

    .

    5.

    ,

    , ,

    . .

    Microsoft Word

    Open Office Writer

    Microsoft Excel

    Open Office Calc

    Microsoft PowerPoint

    Open Office Impress

    Microsoft paint

    Open Office Draw

    Adobe Photoshop

    Gnu GIMP

    Microsoft Internet Explorer

    Mozilla Firefox

    Opera

    Safari

    Microsoft Outlook

    Mozilla Thunderbird

    MSN Messenger

    GNU Pidgin

  • .3 .3.2

    47

    Windows Media Player

    VLC Media Player

    ()

    Microsoft Encarta

    Britannica

    ()

    Age of Empires II

    Sim City

    ( ).

    (.. Open Office, Gimp).

    .

    , ,

    . ,

    .

    , ..

    , ,

    .

    (System Software):

    ()

    ,

    .

    .

    (Application Software):

    ()

    .

    .

    : ,

    , .

    .

    :

    Microsoft (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Paint), Open Office

    (Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw), Adobe Photoshop, Gnu GIMP,

    Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Safari,

    Microsoft Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird, MSN Messenger,

    GNU Pidgin, Windows Media Player, VLC Media Player.

  • .3 .3.2

    48

    4. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', ' , . 3446, .

    5. , http://el.wikipedia.org/ ( : , )

  • .3 .3.3

    49

    A3.3

    :

    / .

    1. (Graphical User Interface)

    . .

    (Graphical User

    Interface).

    :

    (Desktop): . , .

    (Icons): , , , , .

    (Windows): , . 39, , , .

    (Task Bar): (.. , , , ..), (Start Button). ,

    39 (), Windows 7 .

    (Desktop)

    (Window)

    (Task Bar)

    (Icons)

    (Start Button)

    (Active Window)

  • .3 .3.3

    50

    . .

    (Active Window): ( ). ( ). .

    (Start Button): , , , ..

    (Menu): , , .

    (Dialog Box): / , .. , , .

    2. (Mouse)

    (),

    . ,

    .

    , :

    1 (Left Click)

    (Double Left Click)

    ()

    (Right Click)

    (Drag and Drop)

    , ()

    1 : , .

    40

    (Start Menu)

    41

    (Dialog Box)

  • .3 .3.3

    51

    3. (Window)

    . :

    (Title bar): .

    (

    4 ).

    : , .

    (Menu Bar):

    . .

    (Toolbar):

    ( ,

    ). .

    ,

    (Ribbon) .

    (Status Bar): .

    ,

    (.. 42,

    ).

    .

    / (Horizontal/Vertical Scroll Bar):

    ,

    .

    .

    (Title Bar)

    (Menu Bar)

    (Toolbar)

    (Status Bar)

    (Maximize Button)

    (Restore Button)

    (Minimize Button)

    (Close Button)

    (Vertical Scroll Bar)

    (Address Bar)

    (Horizontal Scroll Bar)

    42

  • .3 .3.3

    52

    4.

    : ,

    .

    / :

    ,

    . ,

    .

    .

    :

    ,

    (Task Bar).

    , .

    .

    :

    ,

    .

    .

    :

    ,

    .

    .

    5.

    :

    :

    o

    o

    . Open.

    o (Start Button) All Programs.

    .

    :

    , (

    ). ,

    (Task Bar).

    43

  • .3 .3.3

    53

    :

    ()

    .

    :

    (Start Button) ,

    Shutdown.

    .

    .

    (Graphical

    User Interface):

    .

    :

    (Desktop), (Icons),

    (Windows), (Task Bar),

    (Start Button), (Menu), (Dialog

    Box).

    (Window): ,

    .

    .

    :

    (Title bar), (Menu Bar),

    (Toolbar), (Status

    Bar), (Scroll Bars).

    /

    (Minimize/Maximize/Close) .

    (Active

    Window):

    . (

    ).

    44

    (Shutdown)

  • .3 .3.3

    54

    /

    (Left Click)

    /

    (Double Left Click)

    /

    (Right Click)

    (Drag and Drop)

    : .

    /

    : .

    :

    .

    (Task Bar).

    :

    .

    :

    (Start Button)

    Shutdown.

    1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', ' , . 3942,

  • .3 .3.4

    55

    A3.4

    :

    (, , , , , ..)

    (, , , )

    /

    1.

    ,

    ,

    .

    ( , ,

    ..),

    .

    ;

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    . ,

    (files).

    2. (File)

    ,

    .

    ,

    (. ).

    .

    , , , , ..

    , , , . ,

    ,

    . ,

    (.. CD) , .

    3. (Filenames)

    , .

    mybook.doc, mybook

    doc .

    45 ,

  • .3 .3.4

    56

    . ,

    ( , , , *, :, ..).

    ( )

    . .doc

    Microsoft Word.

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    .txt

    ( )

    .doc

    ( , ..)

    Microsoft Word

    .xls

    (, , ..)

    Microsoft Excel

    .avi

    .mp3

    ,

    .jpg

    .bmp

    Paint

    .exe ( ).

    4. (Folders) (Subfolders)

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    (Folders) .

    o (Directory).

    46 . ,

    , , DVD, ,

  • .3 .3.4

    57

    : ( 46)

    .

    ,

    ...

    (Subfolder).

    , .

    47 . 48

    Windows 7.

    :

    (.. 47 ).

    . , . (). (.. 47 Documents

    lagos.doc).

    5. (Path)

    ( ),

    , ,

    ( lagos.doc). ,

    ,

    , , , .. ,

    (Path),

    ,

    \, ..

    I:\Maria\Documents\lagos.doc

    , , ..

    I:\John\Photos.

    47

    48

    Windows 7.

  • .3 .3.4

    58

    (File):

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , , , ..

    .

    (Filename):

    , ,

    .. mybook.doc, mybook=

    doc= .

    ,

    ..

    : .

    .

    :

    .

    : .

    (.. .txt= ,

    .doc= Microsoft word, .jpg=, .avi=,

    .mp3=, .exe= )

    (Folder): ,

    . o

    (Directory).

    (Subfolder): .

    (Path):

    ,

    ,

    \, .. I:\Maria\Documents\lagos.doc.

    1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', ' , . 3446,

  • .3 .3.5

    59

    A3.5

    :

    (Thumbnails, Tiles, Icons, List, Details, ..)

    , , .

    1.

    :

    (Computer, My Computer) . .

    (C:), ( , ..)

    H (A:), ( )

    , (D:) (CD, DVD)

    (E:), (F:) ( )

    , USB Flash Drive (I:) ( )

    , ,

    My Documents .

    (Recycle Bin) , .

    :

    ,

    (C:) (A:).

    2.

    (1) (My Computer) .

    (2) .

    (3) , . .

    49 .

    (path)

  • .3 .3.5

    60

    3. (Views)

    . View

    ( 49), .

    :

    Icons: . (Extra Large, Large, Medium, Small).

    List: , .

    Details: . (.. , , ..)

    Tiles: Icons.

    Thumbnails: .

    4. (New Folder)

    (1) .

    (2) File New Folder ( New Folder).

    (3) New Folder, Enter.

    5. / (Rename)

    (1) / .

    (2) Rename.

    (3) /, Enter.

    6. / (Delete)

    (1) .

    (2) . Delete.

    (3) .

    1: (2), Delete

    .

    2: ,

    . !

  • .3 .3.5

    61

    7. / (Copy - Paste)

    (1)

    /

    (2) ,

    .

    (3) / .

    (4) / Edit

    Copy ( /

    Copy).

    (5) , Edit Paste

    (

    Paste).

    8. / (Cut Paste)

    (1) /

    .

    (2) / .

    (3) / Edit Cut

    ( /

    Cut).

    (4) , Edit Paste

    (

    Paste).

    : H /

    / .

    ,

    . ,

    .

    , .

    Move Here

    Copy Here.

    9. / /

    , /

    / .

    :

    , ,

    .

  • .3 .3.5

    62

    ,

    , Shift ,

    .

    ,

    , Ctrl -

    .

    10. (Recycle Bin)

    ,

    .

    / :

    (1) ,

    (2) / .

    (3) File Restore (

    / Restore).

    / .

    ,

    /.

    :

    (1) .

    (2) Empty Recycle Bin.

    (3) .

  • .3 .3.5

    63

    ( )

    (New Folder) File New Folder New Folder

    / (Rename) Rename

    / (Delete) Delete

    Del .

    / (Copy - Paste) Edit Copy Copy

    Edit Paste Paste

    Copy Here

    / (Cut Paste) Edit Cut Cut

    Edit Paste Paste

    Move Here

    //

    : , Shift + .

    : , Ctrl + .

    // .

    (Recycle Bin)

    / :

    / File Restore Restore

    Empty Recycle Bin.

    1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', '

    , . 3446,

  • .4

    65

    4

    :

    A

    ()

    ()

  • .4.2 /

    67

    4.2

  • .4.2 / .4.2.1

    69

    4.2.1

    :

    / /.

    1. (Microsoft Word)

    :

    . o

    , , .

    2.

    (1) .

    (2) (, , ..).

    (3)

    .

    (4) (..

    ).

    (5) .

    (6)

    .

    (7) .

    (8) , CD

    , .

    (9) .

    3.

    (Taskbar) Start, All

    Programs . E

    (Desktop) (.. )

    .

    4. / (New Blank Document)

    / File

    New Ctrl + .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.1

    70

    5. (Open)

    USB Flash Drive CD, USB Flash Drive

    USB CD CD.

    File Open

    Ctrl + .

    Open

    . , ,

    Enter .

    6.

    (1) ( )

    .

    (Taskbar).

    (2)

    .

    (3) View Window

    Switch Windows.

    (4)

    .

    7. (Views)

    , :

    (1) (Print Layout)

    ( ).

    (2) (Full Screen Reading)

    .

    (3) (Web Layout)

    .

    (4) (Outline)

    .

    (5) (Draft) ,

    .

    View

  • .4.2 / .4.2.1

    71

    :

    Alt + V , P

    Alt + V , R

    Alt + V , W

    Alt + V , O

    Alt + V , N

    8. (Zoom)

    :

    (1) View Zoom

    Zoom Alt + V , Z .

    (: Zoom

    !)

    9. / (Ribbon)

    (Ribbon).

    Ctrl + F1 .

    (Toolbars).

    10. / (Ruler)

    (Rulers)

    View Ruler Alt + V , L .

    .

    11. (Save)

    CD,

    USB CD CD.

    (1) Save s

    . File Save s

    Alt + F , A .

    (2) Save

    , .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.1

    72

    File Save

    Ctrl + S .

    (3) Save

    Save As ,

    .

    (4)

    Save As Save as type:

    :

    (.txt) Plain Text (

    , ).

    (.rtf) Rich Text

    Format

    (.dotx) Word Template.

    Acrobat (.pdf) PDF.

    (.doc) .. Word 97-2003

    .

    ,

    Word.

    12. / (Close Document)

    /

    :

    (1) File Close.

    (2)

    (Taskbar) Close Window.

    (3) Ctrl + W .

    13. (Exit)

    :

    (1) File Exit

    (2) Alt + F , X .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.1

    73

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    /

    (Blank

    document)

    Ctrl + N

    (Open)

    Ctrl + O

    (Switch

    Windows)

    (Print Layout)

    Alt + V , P

    (Full Screen

    Reading)

    Alt + V , R

    (Web Layout)

    Alt + V , W

    (Outline)

    Alt + V , O

    (Draft)

    Alt + V , N

    /

    (Ruler)

    Alt + V , L

    (Zoom)

    Alt + V , Z

  • .4.2 / .4.2.1

    74

    /

    (Ribbon)

    Ctrl + F1

    (Save)

    Ctrl + S

    (Save As)

    Alt + F , A

    F12

    /

    (Close)

    Ctrl + W

    (Exit)

    Alt + F , X

  • .4.2 / .4.2.2

    75

    4.2.2 , , K

    :

    , , , , .

    1.

    ,

    .

    2. , , , ,

    ,

    :

    1. ()

    2.

    1.

    2.

    1.

    2. Select All

    3. Ctrl + A

    4.

    3.

    (1) ,

    .

    (2) ,

    :

  • .4.2 / .4.2.2

    76

    Ctrl + Backspace

    Del

    Ctrl + Delete

    Delete .

    4.

    ,

    .

    .

    :

    Home :

    End :

    Ctrl + Home :

    Ctrl + End :

    Enter :

    5. (Print)

    File Print Ctrl+P.

    :

    (1) Settings,

    :

    Print All Pages = ,

    Print Current Page = ,

    Print Custom Range =

    (.. 1,3,7

    1, 3 7 1-7 1

    7),

    Print Selection =

    ( ).

  • .4.2 / .4.2.2

    77

    (2) Copies, ()

    .

    (3) Printer,

    Print to File

    , .

    , ( )

    (

    Save As).

    (4) Print.

    Home

    End

    Pg up

    Pg dn

    Ctrl + Home

    Ctrl + End

    Ctrl + Pg up

    Ctrl + Pg dn

    Ctrl +

    Ctrl +

    Ctrl +

    Ctrl +

    Ctrl + Delete

    Ctrl + Backspace

    Ctrl + E (Center)

    Ctrl + L (Align Text Left)

    Ctrl + R (Align Text Right)

    Ctrl + J (Justify)

    Ctrl + B (Bold)

    Ctrl + I (Italic)

    Ctrl + U (Underline)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.2

    78

    Ctrl + X (Cut)

    Ctrl + C (Copy)

    Ctrl + V (Paste)

    Ctrl + Z (Undo)

    Ctrl + Y (Redo)

    Ctrl + F (Find)

    Ctrl + H (Replace)

    Ctrl + P (Print)

    Ctrl + Enter (Page Break)

    Ctrl + A (Select)

    Ctrl + Spacebar

    Ctrl + Shift + > < (Grow & Shrink Font)

    Ctrl + Shift + F (Change Font)

    F7 (Spelling & Grammar)

    Shift + F3 (Change Case)

    F1 (Help)

    F12 (Save As)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.3

    79

    4.2.3

    :

    , / .

    1.

    1.1 (Fonts)

    , .

    ,

    .

    (Fonts).

    :

    Arial Times New Roman Courier Comic Sans MS Monotype Corsiva

    :

    Webdings

    Wingdings

    1.2 (Font Size)

    ,

    , (points, pt): Arial 8pt Times New Roman 8pt Courier 8pt

    Arial 10pt Times New Roman 10pt Courier 10pt

    Arial 12pt Times New Roman 12pt Courier 12pt

    Arial 14pt Times New Roman 14pt Courier 14pt

    1.3 , ((Bold, Italic & Underline))

    , ,

    , , .. , ,

    ..

    1.4 (Font Color)

    .

    1.5 (Format Painter)

    , ..

    , , ..

    .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.3

    80

    2.

    (1) .

    (2) Home Font

    .

    2.1

    Font Color

    , More Colors

    3. (Format Painter)

    (1) .

    (2) Home Clipboard

    Format Painter. .

    (3) , (1).

  • .4.2 / .4.2.3

    81

    :

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Font)

    Ctrl + Shift + F

    (Font Size)

    Ctrl + Shift + >

    Ctrl + Shift + <

    (Bold)

    Ctrl + B

    (Italic)

    Ctrl + I

    (Underline)

    Ctrl + U

    (Font Color)

    (Format

    Painter)

    Ctrl + Shift + C

  • .4.2 / .4.2.M4

    83

    4.2.4

    :

    .

    1.

    1.1

    .

    1.2

    . ..

    ,

    2.

    1.3

    . ..

    2, A6.

    1.4

    , ..

    ..

    1.5

    ,

    . T

    .

    2. (Superscript / Subscript)

    (1) .

    (2) Home Font

    (Superscript) (Subscript)

    .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.4

    84

    3. (Change Case)

    (1)

    (2) Home Font

    (Change Case)

    :

    Sentence case. = (

    ).

    lowercase = .

    UPPERCASE = .

    Capitalize Each Word = (

    ).

    tOGGLE cASE = (

    ).

    4. (Text Highlight Color)

    (1) .

    (2) Home Font

    (Text Highlight Color)

    .

    5. (Text Effects)

    (1) .

    (2) Home Font

    (Text Effects)

    .

    6. (Styles)

    (1) .

    (2) Home Styles

    .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.M4

    85

    :

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Superscript)

    Ctrl + Shift + =

    (Subscript)

    Ctrl + =

    (Change Case)

    Shift + F3

    (Text Highlight

    Color)

    (Text Effects)

    (Styles)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.5

    87

    4.2.5

    :

    .

    1. (Alignment)

    :

    .

    (1) Home Paragraph

    (Alignment)

    .

    Align Text Left:

    .

    Center: .

    Align Text Right: .

    Justify:

    .

    (2) :

    Ctrl + L = Align Text Left

    Ctrl + E = Center

    Ctrl + R = Align Text Right

    Ctrl + J = Justify

    2. - (Line Spacing)

    (1) Home Paragraph

    .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.5

    88

    (2) Line spacing:

    :

    Single: .

    1,5 Lines: 1,5 .

    Double: .

    At Least:

    At:

    Exactly:

    At:

    Multiple:

    ,

    At:

    3. (Spacing)

    (1) Page Layout Paragraph

    Spacing,

    :

    Before: .

    After: .

    (:

    6 . 12 .)

    4. (Border)

    :

    , .

    .

    , .

    (1) Home Paragraph

    (Border)

    . ,

    No Border.

    (2) Home Paragraph

    (Border).

  • .4.2 / .4.2.5

    89

    (3) Borders and Shading

    :

    Setting: (

    None).

    Style: .

    Color: .

    Width: .

    Apply To: .

    Options: .

    5. (Shading)

    (1) Home Paragraph

    (Shading)

    . ,

    No Color.

    6. (Bullets and Numbering)

    (1) Home Paragraph

    (Bullets) (Numbering)

    .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.5

    90

    :

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Alignment)

    Ctrl + L

    Ctrl + E

    Ctrl + R

    Ctrl + J

    (Line Spacing)

    Ctrl + 1

    Ctrl + 2

    Ctrl + 5

    (Paragraph

    Spacing)

    (Border)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.5

    91

    (Shading)

    (Bullets)

    (Numbering)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.6

    93

    4.2.6

    :

    .

    1. (Indents)

    :

    .

    .

    (1) Home Paragraph

    .

    Indentation,

    :

    Left: .

    Right: .

    Special: - First Line

    ( By:).

    - Hanging

    ( By:).

    (2) (Ruler)

    ,

    :

    .

    (3) Home Paragraph

    (Indent) .

    Decrease: 1,27 cm .

    Increase: 1,27 cm .

    (4) Tab

    1,27 cm . Backspace

    1,27 cm .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.6

    94

    2. (Tabs)

    :

    , , ,

    .

    . 5 (, , , ,

    ).

    ab .

    (1) Home Paragraph

    .

    (Tabs)

    :

    Tab stop position:

    .

    Alignment:

    .

    Left: .

    Center: .

    Right: .

    Decimal: .

    Bar:

    .

    Leader:

    .

    (2) (Ruler)

    (

    Tab ) .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.6

    95

    :

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Indentation)

    (Tabs)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.7

    97

    4.2.7

    :

    - .

    1. (Margins)

    :

    .

    , .

    ,

    . ,

    3 , 2 . ,

    View (Ruler).

    :

    (1)

    .

    (2) Page Layout Page Setup

    (Margins)

    .

    2. - (Orientation)

    : ()

    : - (Landscape) -

    (Portrait) . ,

    , ,

    . ,

    .

    (1) Page Layout Header & Footer

    (Orientation)

    .

    (3 )

    (2 )

  • .4.2 / .4.2.7

    98

    3. (Page Number)

    :

    , .

    (1) Insert Header & Footer

    (Page Number)

    .

    (2) (Remove Page Number)

    (Header) (Footer).

    Delete .

    , ,

    .

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Margins)

    (Orientation)

    (Page Number)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.8

    99

    4.2.8

    :

    .

    1. (Header & Footer)

    : (Header)

    (Footer) .

    .

    ( ) .

    . ,

    ,

    .

    :

    (1) , .

    (2) Insert Header & Footer

    (Header) (Footer)

    .

    2. (Border)

    :

    , .

    .

    , , .

    (1) Home Paragraph

    (Border).

    Borders and Shading

    :

    Setting: (

    None).

    Style: .

    Color: .

    Width: .

    Apply To: .

    Art: .

    Options: .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.8

    100

    3. (Watermark)

    : (Page Background) ,

    . ,

    , (-Watermark).

    (1) Page Layout Page Background

    (Watermark)

    .

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    &

    (Header & Footer)

    (Page Border)

    (Watermark)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.9

    101

    4.2.9

    :

    , .

    1. (Table)

    :

    (Tables) (

    , , ,

    , ..).

    . ,

    .

    2.

    (Columns) (Rows). 5

    4 20 .

    , .

    ,

    .

    .

    .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.9

    102

    3. (Insert Table)

    :

    (1) Insert Table

    (Table). ,

    Insert Table

    (Number of columns:)

    (Number of rows:) .

    (Autofit behavior):

    Fixed column width:

    AutoFit to contents:

    AutoFit to window:

    (2) Insert Tables

    (Table). , ,

    .

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Insert Table)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.10

    103

    4.2.10

    :

    , , TAB

    .

    1.

    (Cursor)

    :

    (1)

    .

    (2) Tab .

    (3) Shift

    + Tab .

    (4) () , , , ,

    .

    (5) ,

    , .

    (: ,

    Tab , .)

    2.

    ,

    (

    , , ..).

    .

    3.

    .

    , , ,

    ,

    .

    , , , ,

    , , , ,

    ..

  • .4.2 / .4.2.10

    104

    (, ,

    ..) .

    ,

    ,

    .

    4.

    (1) , .

    (2) Delete .

    :

    , , , (, , )

    Tab

    Shift + TAB

    Alt + Home

    Alt + End

    Alt + PgUp

    Alt + PgDn

  • .4.2 / .4.2.11

    105

    4.2.11

    :

    , , .

    1.

    Table Tools -> Layout.

    Select

    Cell

    Column

    Row

    Table

    Insert

    Left

    Right

    Above

    Below

    Delete

    Cells

    Columns

    Rows

    Table

    Properties

    Row Height /

    Column Width /

  • .4.2 / .4.2.11

    106

    Table Tools -> Layout.

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    ,

    , ,

    (Select)

    (Insert)

    ,

    , ,

    (Delete)

    (Row Height)

    (Column Width)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.12

    107

    4.2.12

    :

    (, , ) .

    1.

    (1) Home Font

    (

    ).

    2. (Border)

    :

    , .

    .

    , , .

    :

    (1) Home Paragraph

    (Border)

    .

    No Border.

    (2) Home Paragraph

    (Border). Borders and

    Shading :

    Setting: (

    None).

    Style: .

    Color: .

    Width: .

    Apply To: .

    Options: .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.12

    108

    3. (Shading)

    (1) Home Paragraph

    (Shading)

    . ,

    No Color.

    4. (Merge Cells)

    : -

    , , .

    .

    (1)

    (2) Table Tools -> Layout Merge

    (Merge Cells).

    5. (Split Cells)

    : ,

    .

    (1)

    (2) Table Tools -> Layout Merge

    (Split Cells).

    6. (Table Style)

    :

    .

    (1)

    (2) Table Tools -> Design Table Styles

    .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.12

    109

    /// :

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Borders)

    (Shading)

    (Merge Cells)

    (Split Cells)

    (Table Styles)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.13

    111

    4.2.13

    :

    , , ,

    .

    1.

    1.1

    :

    Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)

    Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg .jpeg)

    Portable Network Graphics (.png)

    Bitmap Microsoft Windows (.bmp, .rle, .dib)

    - Windows (.wmf)

    Tagged Image File (.tiff)

    Encapsulated PostScript (.eps)

    1.2 (Wrap Text)

    .

    , ,

    .

    In Line with

    Text

    Square Tight Behind Text In Front of

    Text

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • .4.2 / .4.2.13

    112

    2. (Insert Picture from File)

    (1) Insert Illustrations

    (Picture).

    (2) Insert Picture.

    (3) ,

    .

    (4) Insert .

    3. (Clip Art)

    (1) Insert Illustrations

    (Clip Art). (

    Clip Art ).

    (2)

    Search for: Go.

    (3) ,

    .

    4. (WordArt)

    (1) Insert Text

    (WordArt). (

    WordArt).

    (2) .

    (3) Your text here.

    (4) .

    5. (Shapes)

    (1) Insert Illustrations

    (Shapes).

    (2)

    .

    (3)

    .

    (: (

    ),

    Shift .)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.13

    113

    6.

    (1) , .

    (2)

    ,

    , :

    , Ctrl ,

    .

    ,

    Shift .

    , Ctrl Shift ,

    .

    7. (Wrap Text)

    (1)

    .

    (2) Picture Tools->Format

    Arrange

    (Wrap Text).

    (3) ,

    .

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Picture)

  • .4.2 / .4.2.13

    114

    (Clip Art)

    (WordArt)

    (Shapes)

    (Add Text)

    (Wrap Text)

  • .4.3 /

    115

    4.3

  • .4.3 / .4.3.1

    117

    4.3.1

    :

    .

    1. (Open)

    CD,

    USB CD CD.

    File Open

    Ctrl + .

    Open

    . , ,

    Enter .

    2. (Shapes)

    (1) (Shapes)

    .

    (2) ,

    .

    3. (Text)

    (1) Text .

    (2)

    .

    (3) .

    4. (Save)

    CD,

    USB CD CD.

    (1) Save s

    . File Save s

    Alt + F , A .

    (2) Save

    , .

    File Save

    Ctrl + S .

  • .4.3 / .4.3.1

    118

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Open)

    Ctrl + O

    (Tools)

    (Brushes)

    (Outline)

    (Fill)

    (Size)

    (Colors)

    (Font)

    (Font Size)

    Ctrl + Shift + >

    Ctrl + Shift + <

    (Bold)

    Ctrl + B

    (Italic)

    Ctrl + I

    (Underline)

    Ctrl + U

    (Save)

    Ctrl + S

    (Save As)

    Alt + F , A F12

  • .4.3 / .4.3.2

    119

    4.3.2

    :

    .

    1. (Add to custom color)

    (1) Edit Colors

    . , Add to Custom Colors

    .

    2. (Resize)

    (1) , .. .

    (2) Home Image

    (Resize).

    (3) (Resize and

    Skew) Horizontal ()

    Vertical ().

    (4) .

    3. (Rotate)

    (1) , .. .

    (2) Home Image

    (Rotate).

    (3) (Flip and Rotate)

    o :

    :

    (1) ,

    .

    (2) .

  • .4.3 / .4.3.2

    120

    4. (Flip)

    (1) Home Image

    (Rotate).

    (2) (Flip and Rotate)

    o :

    :

    (1) ,

    . ( .)

    (2)

    .

    5. (Curve)

    (1) (Home) (Shapes)

    (Curve).

    (2) , ,

    .

    6. (Pick Color)

    (1) Home Tools

    (Pick Color).

    (2) , .

    (3) ,

    .

  • .4.3 / .4.3.2

    121

    (Description)

    (Tab)

    (Icon)

    (Group)

    (Dialog Box)

    (Keys)

    (Resize)

    &

    (Rotate & Flip)

    (Curve)

    (Pick Color)

  • .4.3 / .4.3.3

    123

    4.3.3

    :

    .

    1.

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    JPEG (.jpg), TIFF

    (.tif), bitmap (.bmp), GIF (.gif) PNG (.png). ,

    RAW.

    2.

    2.1 TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)

    ,

    .

    .

    TIFF

    .

    ,

    web, TIFF.

    2.2 JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

    JPEG ,

    ,

    .

    , JPEG.

    2.3 bitmap GIF - PNG

    bitmap (.bmp)

    .

    .

  • .4.3 / .4.3.3

    124

    GIF ,

    , .

    PNG , .

    , , ..

    3. ;

    , JPEG (.jpg) ,

    ,

    . .

    ( ,

    8 10 ), TIFF (.tif).

    GIF PNG

    .

    4.

    :

    1. File Save

    As

    2.

    File

    name.

    3.

    .

    4. Save as

    type.

    5.

    ,

    .

    6. Save.

  • .5

    125

    5

    :

    .

    .

    ()

    ()

    ()

  • .5.1 /

    127

    5.1

  • .5.1 / .5.1.1-2

    129

    5.1.1

    :

    / .

    1.

    1.1 /

    (computer network)

    ( , ,

    ).

    1.2

    ,

    .

    :

    1.2.1 (RJ45):

    /

    .

    /.

    1.2.2 (Ethernet):

    / (

    ). /.

    1.2.3 (Hub) (Switch):

    Ethernet.

    ()

    ( ).

    /

    RJ45

  • .5.1 / .5.1.1-2

    130

    1.3

    1.3.1 :

    : , , , .

    : . , . , .

    Internet : , . , , .

    : , .

    1.3.2 : :

    .

    : .

    : , , .

    2.

    2.1

    (Internet) .

    .

    .

    .

    2.2

    (WWW) (e-mail) (newsgroups) (Facebook, MSN, Skype) (e-commerce), (e-learning & e-

    training)

  • .5.1 / .5.1.1-2

    131

    2.3

    , /

    :

    (ISP): . CYTA, OTENET, PRIMETEL ..

    Modem () Router (): Modem

    / ( ) ( ). Router () . . Modem/Router .

    (Web Browser) : . Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari ..

    / (Network): /

    (Internet):

    (ISP):

    ,

    Modem:

    /

    Router:

    Web Browser:

    .

    Modem

  • .5.1 / .5.1.3-5

    133

    5.1.2 ,

    :

    (URL) (Home), (Back), (Forward),

    (Stop) (Refresh) /

    , html , , , ,

    .

    1. (URL)

    (URL) ,

    Address ()

    , . ,

    http://www.moec.gov.cy/,

    Address ()

    .

    2. (Home), (Back), (Forward) (Stop) (Refresh)

    .

    . ,

    :

    (Home)

    ()

    (Back)

    (Forward)

    . ,

    (Stop)

    (Refresh)

    . , , .

  • .5.1 / .5.1.3-5

    134

    3.

    . :

    Google -> http://www.google.com/ Yahoo -> http://search.yahoo.com/ Bing -> http://www.bing.com/

    :

    1. , .. www.google.gr Enter.

    2. - .

    3. . :

    4. .

    . .

    , , , , , , (blogs), e-mail ..

    .

    , .., .

  • .5.1 / .5.1.3-5

    135

    4. / :

    Tools Internet Options General Home Page

    Apply

    5. (Favorites):

    :

    Favorites Add to Favorites ,

    Add

    6. :

    :

    File Save As /:

    (C:, F:.) (File name) (Save as type)

    Save

    7. , , , , :

    ,

    .

    , , demo ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    Save

    Target/Picture As. ,

    Save ,

    .

    Skype,

    , :

    Download Skype

    Save

    Save

  • .5.1 / .5.1.3-5

    136

    :

    (Home)

    (Back)

    (Forward)

    (Stop)

    (Refresh)

    (Search Engine):

    .

    /

    :

    (Favorites):

  • 5.2 /

    137

    5.2

  • 5.2 / .5.2.1-2

    139

    5.2.1

    :

    (e-mail)

    (webmail).

    1. (e-mail)

    1.1

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    1.2

    ,

    .

    :

    / ( )

    1.3

    .

    , , ,

    :

    e-mail

  • 5.2 / .5.2.1-2

    140

    1.4

    (email address).

    ,

    @ ().

    , @

    .

    , @,

    ()

    .

    2.

    o

    ,

    (user name),

    (password).

    (webmail)

    :

    Yahoo Mail Gmail Hotmail

    :

    , ,

    , .

    Webmail: .

    [email protected]

    [email protected]

    [email protected]

  • 5.2 / .5.2.3-5

    141

    5.2.2

    :

    (Reply), (Reply

    all) (Forward) (Attach) (cc) (bcc)

    1. (Webmail)

    (webmail)

    .

    Yahoo Mail

    http://www.yahoo.com/

    Mail (user

    name) (password) . ,

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    2.

    (Inbox).

    :

    1. (Inbox).

    2. .

  • 5.2 / .5.2.3-5

    142

    3.

    :

    1. (New).

    2. :

    (To)

    (Subject)

    3. (Send)

    ,

    (Sent)

    4.

    . :

    1.

    2.

    3. (Delete)

  • 5.2 / .5.2.3-5

    143

    5. (Reply) & (Reply all)

    ,

    (Reply). , (To)

    .

    (Reply all).

    6. (Forward)

    , ,

    .

    :

    1.

    2. (Forward)

    3. (To)

    4. (Send)

    7. (Attach)

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    , , .

    ,

    , :

    1. (Attach Attachments)

    2. . , (Browse)

    3. . , 2

    Reply / Reply all

  • 5.2 / .5.2.3-5

    144

    4. (Open) . (Attach Attachments)

    5. (Send)

    8. (Cc) (bcc)

    ,

    .

    (Cc) / (bcc) .

    .

    (Cc) . e-mail Cc

    / (bcc) ""

    :

    :

    Kostas Maria.