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Joule-Brayton / Rankine

. , . .

, , .

18539

. Joule-Brayton / Rankine ( ) , , . , . , , . , / , , , .

- : Joule-Brayton, Rankine,

T [1]. Diesel, 100 tons gross 96% [2]. ( ) ( ) 1, Lloyds 1999 2010 [3].

, : Slow Speed Diesel (SSD), Medium Speed Diesel (MSD) High Speed Diesel (HSD), (Steam Turbine) (Gas Turbine).

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, (Passenger) (Ro Ro Cargo). , Diesel .

1. ( 2010) [3]

Diesel , ( ) (Residual Diesel Oil) (Heavy Fuel Oil), .

, , , ( ) , (NOx).

(International Maritime Organization) (MARPOL 73/78), (gross tonnage) 400 1 [4].

( 1/1/2011) Tier II (Emission Control Areas) NOx Tier III. (sulfur content), 2012 3,5% m/m, (Sulfur Emission Control Areas) 1% m/m, 2 [5]. 2020 () 2015 SECA 0,50% 0,1%m/m .

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1. (NOx)

( SECA ) (Residual Diesel Oil) . ( ) , (aftertreatment methods) .

2. , [5]

, , . , , , .

, ,

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Joule-Brayton / Rankine, , . (Tier III) , , (.. , , ...) .

( ) QHR, ( ) ( ) WL, [6], 2.

2. ( )[6]

Joule-Brayton , ( ), . , . 1 [6]:

= = + CP H L H LB

Wn n n n nQ (9)

nH nL Joule-Brayton Rankine , nCP .

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nH=40% (Rankine) nL=30%, nCP=40%+30%-40%*30%=58%. , , Joule-Brayton / Rankine .

, , , , , 3 [7].

50 60 70 80 90 100Engine Load (%)

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Effic

iency

(%

)

DieselGT SimpleGT_Comp_FixedGT Combined (Variable)

3. Diesel, (GT Simple),

(GT_Comp_Fixed) (GT Combined Variable) [7]

( 12%), 1520%. . ( ), .

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. , . :

COGAG: Combined Gas turbine And Gas turbine plant ( ).

COGOG: Combined Gas turbine Or Gas turbine plant ( ).

CODAG: Combined Diesel And Gas turbine plant ( Diesel ).

CODOG: Combined Diesel Or Gas turbine plant ( Diesel ).

COSAC: Combined Steam And Gas turbine plant ( ).

COGS: Combined Gas turbine and Steam plant ( ).

COGES: Combine Gas turbine Electric and Steam ( ).

CONAG: Combined Nuclear And Gas turbine plant ( ).

, , [7,8] , . , , . , ( ). , . , , .

, Or () ( ) , . And () , . COSAG , . , CONAG , .

COGAS ( Joule-Brayton Rankine), (55-60%). , , . 4

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-, , . , . - ( ), .

4. [9]

/ (COGAS) (COGES)

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. , / / / / / ( 5)

5. Joule-Brayton / Rankine COGAS () COGES () [6]

98-99% [10]. . , . , , .

. , , , . ( , ) . [8], 91% .

, , COGAS COGES 6. . , , .

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. , , , ( ). , , [10].

6. Joule-Brayton/Rankine. COGAS COGES [10]

. Diesel.

(Rankine). , 3 [7], Diesel . : CYCLON, GTX100, GT10B, LM2500 GT35 12.9 MW 43 W.

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3. (Rankine bottom cycle) , [7].

Type of Gas Turbine or Diesel

Engine

NGT or ND

mGT or mGT

No.of Units

Total Power

t4 or texhaust

nGT or nD

beGT or beD

Com

bin

ed Cy

cle

nCC beCC texhaust

kW kg/s kW C - g/kWh - g/kWh oC

Gas Turbine Gas Turbine CYCLON 12900 39.7 4 51600 570 0.340 248.0 0.5067 166.4 139 GTX100 43000 122.0 1 43000 546 0.370 227.9 0.5208 161.9 139 GT10B 24400 80.4 2 48800 538 0.347 243.0 0.5051 166.9 135 LM2500 22400 68.0 1 44800 528 0.365 230.9 0.5123 164.6 135

GT35 17000 92.3 3 51000 378 0.320 263.5 0.4311 195.6 131 Diesel Engine Diesel Engine

9K98MC 48762 134.25 1 48762 232.8 0.482 174.9 0.5089 165.7 131 9RTA96C 46332 104.50 1 46332 271.0 0.506 166.8 0.5398 156.2 131

3, , Diesel . Diesel, (9K98MC 9RTA96C) 4648 MW. 32%37%, Diesel 48%50%, . 35%50% . Diesel, [7] Rankine , 7.

7. Rankine Diesel [7]

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3. (370570 C ) . , Diesel , 3 Rankine, .

, 43%52%, Diesel Diesel (50%54%). 34%49%, Diesel 5,5%6,6%. , , , Diesel 1,31,4 ( ). , , Joule-Brayton / Rankine , Diesel .

, Diesel . . , Diesel. , , , . ( Rankine) . , , Diesel.

COGES Diesel-electric, , Millennium [12]. COGES , 50 . , COGES 500 KW. COGES, 1000 tons, 1,6%. 1150 KW.

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, . , Koehler [13] Diesel, Ahlpvist [14] Diesel . Diesel , , 1% Diesel [13].

, . Diesel, (COGES) Domachowski Dzida [15] 12% . MDO (Marine Diesel Oil), . Koehler [13] , . [11]. modular .

Diesel , , . , . (reversible transmission gears) [15]. .

( ), Diesel. . , Diesel [13]. 0% 3040% , . 0,51 h. , , .

[16]. . .

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, [16].

. Diesel ( ). , . . ( Diesel) . , 1h .

(), . Kehlofer [17] , 30min . 90s [16]. COGES Millenium 3min (synchronous idle), , [11]. 10min .

, Diesel Rankine. , (COGAS) (COGES).