Ψαλιδόπουλος - Οικονομική Σκέψη Και Πολιτικές 1918-89

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Ψαλιδόπουλος - Οικονομική Σκέψη Και Πολιτικές 1918-89

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  • 1

    1918-1989

    .

    .

    1929

    .

    John

    Maynard Keynes. -

    1970,

    -.

    ,

    .

    .

    .

  • 2

    1929 ,

    .

    - 1945

    1970.

    .

    1929

    /

  • 3

    1. 1918-40.

    . ,

    1910. , ,

    1924 1913.

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    ,

    , 1930

    , 1.

    ,

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    , , 1929,

    . 1924 ,

    , 1929

    . ,

    - .

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    1931 . ,

    . 25%,

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    . .

    .

    1 1929, , Hobsbawm (2002), Feinstein,

    Temin & Toniolo (1997), Lewis (1965). Clough & Rapp (1979) Tuma

    (1999), Tomlinson (1981).

  • 4

    2.

    20 . ,

    .

    . .

    ,

    .

    .

    , , .

    362 . 2500 . 1914-

    5 1918-9. , ,

    1690 . 1918,

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    -

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    . 3030 .

    3991 . . 4661

    . , , 8141 .

    . 3463, 3209

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  • 5

    2. Adam Smith

    . , ,

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    1917.

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    , 1930

    , .

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    1920, . 1920,

    . 1923

    ,

    2 Blaug (1978), Bernstein (2004)

    Screpanti & Zamagni (2004).

  • 6

    .

    .

    3. 20

    ,

    (roaring).

    1920 , ,

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  • 7

    .

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    , .

    .

    4. 1929 3

    1928-29 (Wall

    Street), , .

    , ,

    1928

    , , 1929,

    . RCA

    $85 $420, .

    24 1929

    , 28 , .

    29

    . ,

    .

    . .

    . ,

    , 50-60%, .

    1930

    . , 1931,

    3 1929 Brunner (1982), Temin (1976), Temin (1991).

    Mazower (2002) (2003).

  • 8

    ,

    1932,

    .

    Herbert Hoover ,

    Hawley Smoot

    33%. , ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    .

    . 8

    1931 ... Franklin D. Roosevelt4.

    : 1925

    , ,

    4,86 .

    ,

    ,

    J. M. Keynes5. 1920

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    : ,

    .

    . 18% .

    .

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    .

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    , .

    4 Galbraith

    (2000). 5 Keynes

    Keynes (1919) Keynes (1923).

  • 9

    21 1931 de facto

    35%. (1932)

    . ,

    .

    .

    1925-29 ,

    29 2,8 . 1930

    4,3

    . , 1930

    .

    , ,

    .

    , , . ,

    ,

    . Bruhning

    . , 30 1933, Hitler

    .

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    100 1928, 73, 1931.

    1932 Herriot.

    1936 ,

    . .

    , 1930 1932

    . 1937

    170 70-75%

    .

    , 1933. ,

    de facto .

  • 10

    1929

    .

    Roosevelt.

    New Deal Roosevelt ,

    ,

    .

    :

    1.

    (Income maintenance program).

    2. .. Tennessee Valley

    Authority.

    3.

    (National Recovery Administration).

    :

    1. 1933 1935:

    (Federal Deposit Insurance

    Corporation).

    2. Securities and Exchanges Commission ( ):

    .

    3. Agricultural Adjustments Act ( ) (1933):

    .

    4. 1935: .

    5. 1935: Wagner Act ( Wagner):

    .

    ,

    . , 1933-36

    , 1937-38 , 1939-42,

    . 1942, ...

    , 10%

    1929.

    ,

    Gregor Strasser ,

  • 11

    1932, . ,

    .

    1928 ,

    . , ,

    6, , ,

    . ,

    . 1937 ,

    . ,

    (Grossraum-

    wirtschaft)7. , 1936

    .

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    1936

    Lon Blum. , ,

    . ,

    :

    , .

    .

    .

    ,

    , 6

    . 7

    .

  • 12

    8.

    Ernst Wigforss

    Bertil Ohlin, Erik Lindhal,

    Gunnar Myrdal.

    .

    5. JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES9

    Keynes10 1936

    .

    8

    Schumpeter (1939) Schumpeter

    (1942). 9 Keynes, Schumpeter

    (1954) Heilbroner (2000). Schackle (1967)

    Pigou (1933). 10 John Maynard Keynes (1883 1946). John Maynard Keynes Cambridge 1883. 1908

    Cambridge. ,

    .

    Economic Consequences of the Peace 1919

    A Tract on

    Monetary Reform 1923

    . ,

    A Treatise on Money 1930 General Theory 1936.

    . Keynes,

    . , ,

    Hicks -

  • 13

    Keynes

    .

    , Keynes

    ,

    1929.

    .

    eynes,

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    .

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    eynes

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    . , ,

    , Keynes

    . , , ,

    ,

    .

    .

    . Keynes

    .

  • 14

    , Keynes

    . 1925

    ,

    ,

    11, , ,

    . 1929, Lloyd George

    ,

    .

    . Keynes, ,

    .

    Keynes :

    , ,

    . ,

    12

    13.

    Keynes, :

    14. ,

    15 ,

    .

    11 ,

    . 12 Keynes, J. M. (1936), . v-vi. 13 , . viii. 14 Keynes, J. M., .., 372. 15

    .

  • 15

    Keynes Say, , ,

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    Say, .

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    Keynes Say

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  • 16

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    [ ]

    19.

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    Keynes,

    19

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    20.

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    .

    17 Keynes General Theory

    ,

    . 18 Keynes, J. M. (1936), 31. 19 , 141. 20 , 380.

  • 17

    1929 ,

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    ..

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    . Keynes,

    21. ,

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    Keynes

    ,

    22.

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    , , ,

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    .

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    Keynes, 23.

    ,

    -

    21 , 267. 22 , 374. 23 , 377.

  • 18

    . ,

    .

    6. 1944-8924

    1944 1989

    .

    70

    .

    1973-1978

    .

    .

    . 40 ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    / /.

    Keynes.

    .

    .

    .

    24 Hobsbawm (2002), Perry & Tobin (2000)

    Winch (1972).,

    Maddison (2000).

  • 19

    .

    . 1948-52 13

    11,8 .

    .

    , ,

    . 1944 Bretton Woods

    .

    . ,

    .

    . .

    , GATT

    .

    25 1950 1975

    . ()

    3,8%

    .

    .

    (..

    , , , ).

    25 ,

    .

    .

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  • 20

    .

    , , ,

    .

    . Bretton

    Woods

    ,

    . ,

    .

    1973 1978

    .

    .

    , 1971,

    Bretton Woods.

    .

    1977-89 :

    ( )

    .

    .

    ,

    . , , ,

    ,

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  • 21

    .

    . 1990,

    , .

    .

    7.

    .

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    . ,

    70

    . ,

    60.

    () 1958.

    () 1951,

  • 22

    , .

    , ,

    .

    .

    1985, ,

    . 1962

    ().

    .

    . ,

    (FEOGA)

    . 1980 80%

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    . 1975

    1979

    . ,

    .

    1992

  • 23

    ,

    .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    3% 60% .

    .

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    , ,

    , 1989

    ,

    .

    .

    8.

    1973-1979

    25

    25

    . Hicks (1974), Leijonhufvud (1968).

    (1990).

  • 24

    , Milton Friedman26 Friedrich August von Hayek.

    Margaret Thatcher Ronald Reagan ,

    .

    Milton Friedman27

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    (real balance effect).

    ,

    , .

    26 Friedman Friedman & Schwarz (1963).

    Friedman (1957), Friedman

    (1960), Friedman (1967) Friedman (1969). Friedman (1953)

    . 27 Milton Friedman (1912 2007). O Milton Friedman 1912 . 1965 1990

    .

    Friedman

    . (money matters)

    .

    .

    Friedman

    . 1976 Nobel

    80.

    Friedman .

  • 25

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    . .

    .

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    .

    28,

    , .

    Robert Lucas

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    28 , , Friedman

    Friedman (1962) Friedman & Friedman (1990).

  • 26

    .

    ,

    .

    , .

    ,

    , ,

    .

    .

    (natural rate) . ,

    ( )

    .

    ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    .

    1990.

    .

    , ,

    .

  • 27

    Friedrich A. von Hayek29,

    .

    .

    Hayek ,

    .

    .

    .

    . ,

    Hayek

    30.

    Hayek

    , 30,

    Keynes . , Hayek,

    . 31.

    29 Friedrich A. von Hayek (1899 1992). O Friedrich Hayek 1899

    .

    , .

    1930

    .

    .

    .

    .

    Friedman, Hayek 80.

    ,

    . K

    . Hayek . 30 Hayek (1931), Hayek (1933) Hayek (1941). 31 Mises (1949).

  • 28

    . .

    Hayek

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    .

    Hayek 30

    . 80,

    , -.

    , ,

    .

    -

    . .

    , ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    9.

    ,

    80.

    ,

    1929.

    , ,

    .

  • 29

    , John

    Maynard Keynes,

    . ,

    70,

    . , , 1973 1978,

    ,

    ,

    . , Milton Friedman Friedrich A.

    von Hayek ,

    .

    90 .

    1989

    ,

    , .

    .

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    .

    1. 1918 1940.

    ;

  • 30

    2.

    ;

    3. 1929;

    4. New Deal; ,

    ;

    5. 1929;

    . , , ;

    6.

    J. M. Keynes; .

    7.

    1970;

    .

    8. 70 ;

    9. ;

    .

    10. ;

    ;

    11.

    1958; .

    12.

    ;

  • 31

    , .

    .

    .

  • 32

    Clough, S. & R. Rapp (1979) .

    , & , :

    Galbraith, J. K. (2000) 1929, . . , :

    . .

    Heilbroner, R. (2000) , :

    Hobsbawm, E. J. (2002) . 1914-1991,

    , . . , :

    Keynes, J. M. (1936) , ,

    . . (2001), . . , . . , :

    Mazower, M. (2002) , :

    Screpanti, E. & S. Zamagni (2004) , . . ,

    . . , :

    Tuma, E. (1999) , & , . . .

    , : Gutenberg

    , . (2003) , :

    /

    , . (1990) :

    , :

    Bernstein, M. A. (2004) A Perilous Progress. Economists and Public Purpose in

    Twentieth-Century America, 2nd Ed., Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University

    Press

    Blaug, M. (1978) Economic Theory in Retrospect, 3d Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge

    University Press

  • 33

    Brunner, K. (Ed.) (1982) The Great Depression Revisited, 2nd Ed., Kluwer Nijhoff

    Publishing

    Feinstein, C. H., P. Temin & G. Toniolo (1997) European Economy between the Wars,

    Oxford: Oxford University Press

    Friedman, M. & A. Schwarz (1963) A Monetary History of the United States 1867-1960,

    National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton: Princeton University Press

    Friedman, M. & R. Friedman (1990) Free to Choose, New York: Harcourt

    Friedman, M. (1953) Essays in Positive Economics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press

    Friedman, M. (1957) A Theory of the Consumption Function, Princeton N. J.: Princeton

    University Press

    Friedman, M. (1960) A Program for Monetary Stability, New York: Fordham University

    Press

    Friedman, M. (1962) Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago: University of Chicago Press

    Friedman, M. (1967) Money and Economic Development, New York

    Friedman, M. (1969) The Optimum Quantity of Money and Other Essays, Chicago:

    Aldine

    Hayek, F. A. (1931) Prices and Production, New York: Macmillan

    Hayek, F. A. (1933) Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle, London

    Hayek, F. A. (1941) The Pure Theory of Capital, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul

    Hicks, J. R. (1974) The Crisis in Keynesian Economics, New York

    Keynes, J. M. (1919) Economic Consequences of the Peace, London

    Keynes, J. M. (1923) A Tract on Monetary Reform, London

    Keynes, J. M. (1930) A Treatise on Money, London

    Keynes, J. M. (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London

    Leijonhufvud, A. (1968) On Keynesian Economics and the Economics of Keynes, New

    York

    Lewis, W. A. (1965) Economic Survey 1919-1939, 7th Ed., London: Unwin University

    Books

    Maddison, A. (2000) Monitoring the World Economy 1820-1992, Paris: OECD

    Mises, L. (1949) Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, New Haven, Conn.: Yale

    University Press

    Perry, G. L. & J. Tobin (Eds.) (2000) Economic Events, Ideas, and Policies. The 1960s

    and After, Washnigton, D. C.: The Brookings Institution

    Pigou, A. C. (1933) The Theory of Unemployment, London: Macmillan

  • 34

    Schackle, G. L. S. (1967) The Years of High Theory. Invention and Tradition in

    Economic Thought, 1926-1939, Cambridge

    Schumpeter, J. (1954) History of Economic Analysis, Ed. E. B. Schumpeter, New York:

    Oxford University Press

    Schumpeter, J. A. (1939) Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical

    Analysis of the Capitalist Process, 2 vols. New York: McGraw-Hill

    Schumpeter, J. A. (1942) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper

    Temin, P. (1976) Did Monetary Forces Cause the Great Depression?, New York: W. W.

    Norton & Co Inc.

    Temin, P. (1991) Lessons from the Great Depression, Lionel Robbins Lectures Series,

    MIT Press

    Tomlinson, J. (1981) Problems of British Economic Policy 1870-1945, London and New

    York: Methuen

    Winch, D. (1972) Economics and Policy. A Historical Study, Collins/Fontana

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