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Ο∆ΗΓΟΣ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ ∆ΙΑΘΕΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ∆ΡΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΤΗΤΩΝ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝΤΙΚΗΣ ΕΚΠΑΙ∆ΕΥΣΗΣ Γ΄ Κ.Π.Σ. / ΕΠΕΑΕΚ ΙΙ / Ενέργεια 2.2.1/ Κατηγορία Πράξεων 2.2.1.α: «Αναµόρφωση των προγραµµάτων σπουδών και συγγραφή νέων εκπαιδευτικών πακέτων» ΠΑΙ∆ΑΓΩΓΙΚΟ ΙΝΣΤΙΤΟΥΤΟ ∆ηµήτριος Γ. Βλάχος Οµότιµος Καθηγητής του Α.Π.Θ. Πρόεδρος του Παιδαγωγικού Ινστιτούτου

Transcript of Οδηγός Ανάπτυξης

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