, ,

(-). 14 . 1970-2003 100 (Rooney et al. 2004).

O 99.741 100 . 22 , 150 1.000.000 . 2007 7.3 , 4.8% . 2008, 3.1%. 2009 13.4 .

1948: International Maritime Organization. , , , , . 1951: International Sanitary Regulations (ISR)1967: Guide to Ship Sanitation 1987. 1969: ISR International Health Regulations ( 1973, 1981 2005). 22b, c, e 24 .2006: International Maritime Convention ILO 1919 ( 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1 ).2007: International Fishing Convention Work in Fishing recommendation (Annex 3, par. 83).

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(1) 1/5 . . Guidelines for drinking-water quality (GDWQ) (WHO, 2011) . o

(1)Guidelines for drinking-water quality (GDWQ).ILO Convention C133Maritime Labour ConventionIMOs Life-Saving Appliance Code Codex Alimentarius Commision GDWQ. GDWQ.

(2)ISO 15748-1:2002Ships and marine technologyPotable water supply on ships and marine structuresPart 1: Planning and design;ISO 15748-2:2002Ships and marine technologyPotable water supply on ships and marine structuresPart 2: Method of calculation;ISO 19458:2006Water qualitySampling for microbiological analysis;ISO 14726:2008Ships and marine technologyIdentification colours for the content of piping systems;ISO/IEC 17025:2005General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories;ISO 5620-1:1992Shipbuilding and marine structuresFilling connection for drinking water tanksPart 1: General requirements;ISO 5620-2:1992Shipbuilding and marine structuresFilling connection for drinking water tanksPart 2: Components.

. - , , : . .

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(2) : . ( , ), , Vibrio. : . (1)/ E. coli ETEC72917Norovirus3788Salmonella typhii183Salmonella spp.1292Shigella1690Cryptosporidium142Giardia lamblia1200 5849 1544216405

(1)Legionella spp.: 25-50oC. .

(Water safety plans)T WSP . : : , , , . , , .

(1) WSP , . (-) . WSP : () () : , , (-).() : E. coli , , (, ), HPC (heterotrophic plate count). O (18-24 hr) .

(2) . WSP : (, ) : (GDWQ), , (.. ) : , , , (), , , , (-) , . : . ( - ISO 19458:2006 , ISO/IEC 17025).

(3) IHR 2005. : . : WSP , . . , , , Recommended procedures for inspection of ships and issuance of ship sanitation certificates. , (, , ),

: . . . . / E. coli ETEC82670 E. coli EIEC1153 Norovirus 4866 Vibrio spp. 61259 Salmonella spp. (non-typhi) 151849 Shigella spp. 82076 Staphylococcus aureus 2380 Clostridium perfringens 118 Cyclospora spp. 1220 Trichinella spiralis 113 Unknown agent 3360

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IHR 2005 22b, e, 24 c. Codex Alimentarius Commision, Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/WHO Food Standards Programme.ILO Food Safety Plans (FSP) HAACP (hazard analysis and critical point methodology) FAO, ISO 22000:2005 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods

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: (, , ). Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, , - (.. Cryptosporidium, Shigella sp., E. coli O157:H7). Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (.. ) , . ,

(1) : Guidelines for safe recreational water environments, volume 2, Swimming pools and similar environments (WHO, 2006). ( , , ). ( , , , , , , ). . 12 . . Whirlpool spas. spas.

(2)H ( , , ). ( , pH, , ).

(ballast water)30-50% . 10 . .7000 10 . Vibrio cholerae 01 0139.

-guidelinesGuidelines for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water to Minimize the Transfer of Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens (, .868-1998).International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments (2004). - 2016 .

. . . . . ( , 200 . 200 ).

. , (.. ).: , , , , , (.. ), , , . , , .

International convention for the prevention of pollution from ships (MARPOL 73/78).Annex I. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil.Annex II. Regulations for the Control of Pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk.Annex III. Prevention of Pollution by harmfull substances carried by sea in packaged form.Annex IV. Prevention of Pollution by sewage from ships.Annex V. Prevention of Pollution by garbage from ships.Annex VI. Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships.

(, , ). ( ). .

(vermin and vector control). (, , , , , ). (, , ).

IHR 2005: 20/Annex 1 ()/Annex 5 ( , ).

( , , ). (, , , ).

norvovirus . . , , , .

Calcivirus, Astrovirus, Reovirus. : Norovirus. , . 12-48 , 50% . . , , . 3 .

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Adenovirus, . , , SARS.

( ). . : International medical guide for ships (WHO, 2007), ( , , -, ).

(1) ILO:C55 Ship owners' Liability (Sick and Injured Seamen) Convention, 1936.C 56 Sickness Insurance (Sea) Convention 1936.C92 Accommodation of Crews Convention (Revised), 1949 Article 14, related to the hospital accommodationC126 Accommodation of Crews (Fishermen) Convention, 1966 Article 13, related to the sick bay and medical chest C133 Accommodation of crew C134 Prevention of Accidents (Seafarers) Convention, 1970 C164 Health Protection and Medical Care (Seafarers) Convention, 1987

(2) ILO:R105 Ships' Medicine Chests Recommendation, 1958 R 106 Medical Advice at Sea Recommendation, 1958R142: Prevention of Accidents (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1970 :Council Directive 92/29/EEC of 31 March 1992 on the minimum safety and health requirements for improved medical treatment on board vessels Regulation (EC) No 336/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 on the implementation of the International Safety Management Code within the Community and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 3051/95 Text with EEA relevance.

(3) :International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, Section III International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code Resolution MSC.48(66) International Safety Management (ISM) Code 2002International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, SAR IMO:ISBN: 1589636295: The Ships Medicine Chest and Medical Aid at Sea, U.S. Public Health services.

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.....!!!!!!