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Συγγραφή - Επιμέλεια: Μανώλης Μαρκίδης

Σύμβουλος ανάπτυξης εκπαιδευτικού υλικού:

Βασίλειος Ραφτόπουλος

ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΕΡΓΟ

«Συνδικαλιστική κατάρτιση και ενίσχυση κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων εργαζομένων ιδιωτικού τομέα που εκπροσωπούνται

από την ΓΣΕΕ στις 2 Περιφέρειες Σταδιακής Εισόδου, στις 3 Περιφέρειες Σταδιακής Εξόδου και στις 8 Περιφέρειες

Σύγκλισης»

Οριζόντιες ξενόγλωσσες ικανότητες εστιασμένες στο

χώρο εργασίας: Αγγλική Γλώσσα

ENOTHTA 5

«Βαθμοί τυπικότητας»

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Περιεχόμενα Ενότητα 5: Βαθμοί Τυπικότητας ................................................................................................... 3

Σκοπός ................................................................................................................................. 3

Προσδοκώμενα Αποτελέσματα .................................................................................................... 3

Λέξεις – Κλειδιά ............................................................................................................................ 4

Υποενότητα 5.1: Being polite ........................................................................................... 4

Υποενότητα 5.2: Invitations ........................................................................................... 8

Υποενότητα 5.3: Getting what we want ........................................................................ 10

Υποενότητα 5.4: Celebrations and special occasions .................................................... 13

Υποενότητα 5.5: Asking for and giving advice ............................................................... 16

Σύνοψη ............................................................................................................................... 18

Γλωσσάρι ............................................................................................................................... 18

Ακουστικά κείμενα ...................................................................................................................... 20

Λύσεις των ασκήσεων ................................................................................................................. 23

Πηγές για περαιτέρω μελέτη ...................................................................................................... 25

Βιβλιογραφία .............................................................................................................................. 25

Βιογραφικό σημείωμα συγγραφέα ............................................................................................ 26

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Ενότητα 5: Βαθμοί Τυπικότητας

Σκοπός Ο βαθμός τυπικότητας που επιλέγουμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε όταν συνομιλούμε με

άλλα άτομα βάσει της σχέσης που μας συνδέει ή ακόμα και όταν απευθυνόμαστε σε

αγνώστους, καθώς και η αναγνώριση και ο σεβασμός των πολιτισμικών

διαφορών μεταξύ των λαών, αποτελούν θεμελιώδεις συντελεστές στο κεφάλαιο που

αφορά την ανάπτυξη διαπροσωπικών σχέσεων με πολίτες άλλων χωρών.

Η Αγγλική γλώσσα δεν διαθέτει μια απλή φόρμουλα τυπικής γλώσσας ευγενείας

όπως η χρήση του πληθυντικού ευγενείας στην Ελληνική. Αντί αυτού οι Άγγλοι

χρησιμοποιούν το κατάλληλο λεξιλόγιο / φρασεολογία και γραμματικές δομές.

Επιπλέον, οι Άγγλοι και οι βορειοευρωπαίοι, όπως όλοι οι λαοί, έχουν τους δικούς τους

κώδικες τυπικής και άτυπης συμπεριφοράς. Αναγνωρίζοντας και σεβόμενοι

αυτούς τους κώδικες μπορούμε να προχωρήσουμε σε ένα επίπεδο επικοινωνίας

και αλληλεπίδρασης με αυτούς τους λαούς. Τέλος, μπορούμε να έχουμε το

θεμιτό αποτέλεσμα και να πετύχουμε τον στόχο της επικοινωνίας μας, από το

να ζητήσουμε πληροφορίες ή μια εξυπηρέτηση έως το να

διαπραγματευτούμε, να πείσουμε και να απαιτήσουμε.

Στην ενότητα αυτή θα εξετάσουμε το λεξιλόγιο / φράσεις, δομές γραμματικής

και κυρίως στη χρήση των ειδικών ρημάτων, που χρησιμοποιούμε σε

διαφορετικούς βαθμούς τυπικότητας για να κάνουμε παρακλήσεις,

προσκλήσεις ή να ζητήσουμε και να δώσουμε συμβουλές. Επίσης, θα αναφερθούμε

σε μερικά πολιτισμικά στοιχεία που διαφοροποιούν τους λαούς.

Προσδοκώμενα Αποτελέσματα

Να αναπτύξετε τη δεξιότητα επικοινωνίας στα Αγγλικά.

Να αναπτύξετε τις δεξιότητες παραγωγής προφορικού λόγου και κατανόησης

γραπτού και προφορικού λόγου.

Να αναπτύξετε την ικανότητα αποτελεσματικής επικοινωνίας με άτομα στην

προσωπική και επαγγελματική σας ζωή.

Να αντιληφθείτε πολιτισμικές διαφορές μεταξύ των λαών.

Να αναπτύξετε την ενσυναίσθησή σας ως προς την συναισθηματική κατάσταση

του συνομιλητή σας.

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Λέξεις – Κλειδιά

Ευγένεια – ήθη και έθιμα – Politeness and customs

Προσκλήσεις – Invitations

Παρακλήσεις – Requests

Γιορτές και ιδιαιτέρες περιστάσεις – Celebrations and special occasions

Προβλήματα και συμβουλές – Problems and advice

Υποενότητα 5.1: Being polite

1. Σκεφτείτε: Which was the most ‘foreign’ place you’ve ever been to? Why did it feel

so different? Think about these things.

people

language

buildings

weather

customs

music

transport

food

2. Διαβάστε και απαντήστε: Read this text about customs and match the headings

to the paragraphs. Can you guess which country the advice is for?

Asking for things in a shop

Attitudes to time

Saying hello

Attracting attention

Talking to strangers

Introductions

Topics of conversation

Offering and accepting

1. When you meet someone say ‘Good luck for the morning/afternoon/evening.

When you know the person, shake hands and ask ‘What’s the news?’ Men and

women can shake hands but not kiss or hug in public. Good male friends can

hug or hold hands.

2. When you are introduced to someone, shake hands and say your name.

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3. Say ‘please’ if you offer something to someone, for example ‘Please have some

tea.” Say ‘Thank you’ when you accept something.

4. Time isn’t important here. The word for ‘tomorrow’ means ‘sometime in the

future’ and the word for ‘yesterday’ means ‘sometime in the past’. If you ask

what time the bus or train will arrive, the usual answer is ‘Rubber time’ meaning

‘ Who knows?’

5. There is no word for ‘please’ when you ask for something. You can be more

polite by saying ‘Help’ before you ask. Always use your right hand to give and

receive.

6. To get someone’s attention, say ‘Excuse me’. To ask someone to repeat what

they said, say ‘What?’

7. It’s OK to start a conversation with strangers, to touch them, even to wake them

up on a bus or train. Call a stranger ‘father’ or ‘mother’ if they are older than

you, ‘uncle’ or ‘sister’ if they are the same age, or ‘child’.

8. It’s acceptable to ask people their name, address, telephone number, and

questions like, ‘ Where are you going?’, ‘Where are you from?’, ‘Are you

married?’, and ‘ what is your religion?’.

3. Σκεφτείτε: Now look at these statements about Britain. Are they true (T) or false

(F)?

If they are false correct them.

1. Always shake hands with your friends when you meet them.

2. When you’re introduced to someone you can say ‘Hello’ and smile, or “Pleased

to meet you’.

3. British people don’t say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ much.

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4. It doesn’t matter if you are late for an appointment.

5. In shops you can just say ‘ Give me …’

6. To get someone’s attention say ‘Excuse me’.

7. British people love starting conversations with strangers. Feel free to ask lots of

personal questions.

8. You should be as polite as possible when talking to people you don’t know.

4. Χρήσιμες Εκφράσεις: Polite language

Σημείωση: Τα ειδικά ρήματα Could / Would χρησιμοποιούνται συνήθως σε

ευγενικές παρακλήσεις και προσφορές.

Would you like …+ inf./noun?

Could I have …+noun?

Could you tell me …

Do you mind if I …+verb?

Do you think you could …+verb?

Excuse me, … ?

5. Άσκηση: Use the following phrases to complete the polite questions.

open the window lend me 50p a coffee, please

is this the way to the station how much this costs

1. Would you like ___________________?

2. Could you tell me ___________________?

3. Do you mind if I ___________________?

4. Do you think you could ___________________?

5. Excuse me, ____________________?

6. Άσκηση: Complete the sentences.

1. Would you _____________ a cup of tea?

2. Hello, how _____________ you?

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3. _____________ I have some aspirin, please?

4. _____________ me, do you know the way to the museum?

5. Have you _____________ the time, please?

6. My ______________ number’s 0161 7663339.

7. Richard, can I _____________ you to Nicola?

8. It’s a lovely day, _____________ it?

7. Άσκηση: Now match them with the responses.

a. Pleased to meet you.

b. I’m afraid I don’t. I’m a stranger here myself. Sorry.

c. Thanks, that would be lovely.

d. It’s ten past ten.

e. Yes, beautiful.

f. Would you like the small or large packet?

g. I’m fine, thanks. And you?

h. Sorry, could you repeat that, please?

8. Άσκηση: Make these sentences more polite.

1. What’s the time?

2. Can I close the window?

3. What did you say?

4. Do you want something to drink?

5. Give me a phone card?

6. Where’s the post office?

7. Lend me some change for the coffee machine.

8. Be quite.

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Υποενότητα 5.2: Invitations 1. Σκεφτείτε: Think of a time when …

1. … someone invited you somewhere.

2. … someone asked you a favour.

Did you do any of these?

go even though you didn’t want to.

say ‘yes’ and then not go.

say no and explain why honestly

just say ‘no’.

make up an excuse not to go.

2. Διαβάστε και απαντήστε: Which of these comments do you agree with and why?

What do you do if someone invites you somewhere or asks you a favour

and don’t want to?

It depends who you’re talking to, I mean, I can’t say no to my parents, but I can

say no to people who don’t know me very well. Turkey

I’d just say no. If they’re your friends, then they’ll understand. If they’re not,

then it doesn’t matter anyway. Spain

I would say no, if I don’t want to go, and I would explain why honestly, because

otherwise, it is impolite, I think. Japan

I think it’s important to make an excuse, because otherwise it’s too direct. It’s

impolite to just say, ‘No, I won’t come.’ Switzerland

3. Σκεφτείτε: Look at these different things you could be invited to do.

come round for dinner / a barbecue

go for a drink / meal

come to the country / the cottage / the seaside

What would you expect?

are they invitations to someone’s home / to go out … ?

will it be during the day / in the evening / the whole day… ?

will you eat / drink anything?

will you have to pay for anything?

can you take someone with you?

should you take something (food /wine / flowers … ) ?

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4. Ακούστε και απαντήστε: Listen to five invitations. Make notes on what the

invitation is for and what the reply is.

invitation to … reply

1

2

3

4

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5. Χρήσιμες Εκφράσεις: Invitations and replies

A simple invitation is usually one short phrase.

Invitation Reply

Informal – Do you fancy…? Sorry, I’d love to but I’ve got to …

More formal – Would you like to…? That would be nice / lovely…

A more elaborate invitation can include an introduction and a description or

comment about the situation or event.

Invitation Reply

Introduction – Look, I was wondering…

Invitation – Would you like to … ?

Show appreciation – That’s very …

Accept – I’d …

Thank – Thank you.

Introduction – Hi, Joanna. Look, …

Situation – We’re going to …

Invitation – Would you like to … ?

Show appreciation – Oh, that’s …

Refuse – I’m afraid I …

Reason - I’ve got something …

Sweetener – Maybe another …

Introduction – Listen, …

Situation – We’re having a …

Invitation – I was wondering if you’d …?

Show appreciation and accept –

Oh, that would be …

Thank – Thank you.

6. Ακούστε και απαντήστε: Listen to the five conversations again and complete the

invitations and replies.

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Υποενότητα 5.3: Getting what we want 1. Σκεφτείτε: Imagine you are visiting acquaintances. What do you do in these

situations?

Hospitality rules

What do you do if…

you need a cigarette but no one

else is smoking.

your glass is empty and you want

another drink.

you want to go to the toilet.

you’re still hungry and there’s still

food on the table.

you realize you need to make a

phone call.

you’re cold. You’re not sitting near

the fire.

you suddenly feel dizzy, and a bit

sick.

you didn’t hear what someone

said.

2. Χρήσιμες Εκφράσεις: Making requests

Χρησιμοποιούμε το Can I … ? για μικρές παρακλήσεις με άτομα που

γνωρίζουμε. Ex. Can I use your toilet?

Χρησιμοποιούμε το Could I … ? για μεγαλύτερες παρακλήσεις με άτομα που

δεν γνωρίζουμε τόσο καλά. Ex. Could I have some more wine, please?

Χρησιμοποιούμε το Could you … ? για να ζητήσουμε από κάποιον να κάνει

κάτι. Ex. Could you please repeat that?

Συχνά λέμε το λόγο ή κάποιο σχόλιο για να κάνουμε τη παράκληση πιο

ευγενική. Ex. Could I use your phone? I have to call a taxi.

Συχνά εισάγουμε στη παράκληση με το I’m sorry, … Ex. I’m sorry, could I use your

phone?

3. Άσκηση: Write polite requests for the following situations.

You want to …

1. borrow a friend’s car for the weekend

2. ask a passer-by for directions to the chemist’s

3. ask if someone can help you with a problem with your computer

4. tell someone in the cinema not to make so much noise

5. leave the meeting early

6. ask a stranger for the time

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4. Ακούστε και απαντήστε: Listen to eight conversations. Complete the chart.

Which are more polite?

topic agrees (Yes) or disagrees (No)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

5. Ακούστε και απαντήστε: Now listen again and complete the requests and replies.

requests replies

1. _________________your dictionary this

weekend?

Sorry, normally I’d ________

2. _________________ I smoke in here?

3. _________________ I open a window?

4. _________________ change for 5 euros?

5. _________________ me a minute to look at

this form?

6. ________________ I borrow your paper?

7. ________________ to that table in the shade

8. ________________ continue your

fascinating conversation after the lesson?

6. Βιωματική δραστηριότητα:

Ας υποθέσουμε ότι βρίσκεστε σε μια παρέα με ξένους συναδέλφους και συζητάτε

φιλικά κάνοντας το παρακάτω ερωτηματολόγιο για να σχηματίσετε τα προσωπικά σας

προφίλ.

Life Enjoyment Profile

How much do you enjoy life? Look at the activities below.

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At home: Out and about: Free time:

doing housework

sleeping

looking after the children

cleaning the car

shopping for food

taking children to school

doing errands

exercising

reading

going for walks

visiting friends

going out

In your occupation: General life:

working at a computer talking to strangers

writing talking to family / friends

having meetings hurrying / waiting

doing accounts eating / drinking / smoking

1. Cross out the things you don’t or hardly ever do.

2. List all the activities you often do in each heading including your own ideas.

3. Now choose the ten activities you spend most of your time doing. Put ten

dots representing them on the chart below.

4. In pairs / groups compare your charts. Who has the most enjoyable life and

why?

very enjoyable +10

Es

se

ntia

l+10

Un

ne

ce

ss

ar

y -10

not enjoyable -10

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Υποενότητα 5.4: Celebrations and special occasions

1. Σκεφτείτε: These dates are important in Britain. Do you know what they are?

25 December 1 January 14 February 24 December

31 October 5 November 31 December

Which of these things do you think go with the celebrations?

fireworks a day off work presents children asking for sweets

cards love last-minute shopping midnight

Think of some important dates for you or your country. Say the dates and why they are

important. Ex. 10th of August is important because it’s my birthday.

2. Σκεφτείτε: Think of two things the British people do on each of these days.

birthday Christmas New Year’s Valentine’s Day

3. Διαβάστε και απαντήστε: a. Read the texts and match them with the days.

1. In some countries they celebrate on the 24th, but in Britain we celebrate on the

25th. In our family we get up early and go to church. Then we come home and

open the presents under the tree, which is always covered with beautiful

decorations and lights. The thing I enjoy most is having a traditional dinner of

turkey, roast potatoes and vegetables, and because it’s a special occasion we

always …

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2. Some people say the place to be is Princes Street in Edinburgh, where they have

a huge party. There’s music, dancing, singing, and of course drinking, and at

midnight everyone hugs and kisses everyone else, friends, family, and even

complete strangers! Lots of people make resolutions which …

3. We had a postbox at school where you could put cards. Some people got lots of

cards, and some people didn’t get any. Most of the cards were handmade, with

hearts and romantic poems on them. Now I send my girlfriend a single rose and

pretend I I didn’t. I proposed …

4. Children love these. They get cards and presents from family and friends and

they usually have a party with a cake and candles. We tell them to make a wish

and blow out the candles. The most important used to be your 21st but now it’s

your 18th. In some countries you buy the drinks when you go out with friends,

but in Britain …

b. Were your ideas right? Is there anything you didn’t know?

c. Match the endings of the sentences with the texts.

… to her last year. … have a bottle of champagne.

… everyone else pays for you. … they can’t usually keep!

4. Λεξιλόγιο: Match the words that go together. Some go with more than one.

give

open

go

have

cut

make

propose

blow out

get

enter /win / lose

take / pass / fail

a competition / race

an exam / test

to your girlfriend

candles

a wish / resolutions

an accident / a job interview

a job

a bottle of champagne

engaged / married / divorced

presents

to church

dinner / a reception

a cake

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5. Χρήσιμες Εκφράσεις: Phrases for special occasions

a. Congratulations!

b. Well done!

c. Oh, dear! How did it happen?

d. Oh, I’m sorry / how awful.

e. Well thank you very much for having me.

f. Merry Christmas!

g. Happy birthday!

h. Happy New Year!

i. Enjoy yourself!

j. Really? Well, good luck!

6. Άσκηση: Match the phrases with the occasions.

1. It’s 25th December.

2. I was born on this day.

3. It’s been lively having you to stay with us.

4. I’m going for a job interview tomorrow.

5. I didn’t get the job

6. I’ve passed my exam!

7. I’ve broken my leg.

8. I’ve just got engaged.

9. I’m going away this weekend.

10. It’s 1st January.

7. Άσκηση: Complete the sentences.

a. It’s my _____________ today!

b. I’ve just heard my ____________ is sick.

c. I’ve got a/an _____________ tomorrow.

d. I’ve just been offered a _____________ .

e. I’ve ______________ all my exams.

f. I’m getting ____________ next month.

g. I’m _____________ on vacation next week.

h. Merry ____________!

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8. Άσκηση: Respond using an appropriate phrase from the box below.

And a Happy New Year

Good luck!

I hope it goes well

Happy birthday!

Have a good time

That’s great!

Brilliant!

All the best!

What a shame!

Bad luck.

How awful!

Congratulations!

Υποενότητα 5.5: Asking for and giving advice 1. Σκεφτείτε: a. Try this questionnaire to see if you are addicted to work. Circle the

number, add up your score and see what the results say about your attitude to work.

ARE YOU A WORKAHOLIC?

1 = never 2 = rarely 3 = sometimes 4 = often

1. I find it difficult to find time to relax at home. 1 2 3 4

2. I take work home. 1 2 3 4

3. I spend my evenings and weekends working. 1 2 3 4

4. I spend my holidays worrying about work. 1 2 3 4

5. I work during coffee breaks and lunchtime. 1 2 3 4

6. I work late and go home late. 1 2 3 4

7. I forget about arrangements which are not for work matters. 1 2 3 4

8. I talk about work when I’m socializing. 1 2 3 4

9. I find it difficult to find time to go out. 1 2 3 4

10. I like to be in control. 1 2 3 4

10-20 You find it easy to leave your word at work and relax at home … perhaps a bit

too easy! Make sure that you can work hard when it’s important.

21-30 You work hard but you know when the time is right to relax and leave your work

behind.

31-40 You are hopelessly addicted to work! Slow down, try to relax and enjoy life

more. Are you working to live or live to work?

b. Do you agree with the results of the questionnaire? What kind of a worker are you?

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2. Χρήσιμες Εκφράσεις: Asking for and giving advice

What do you think I can / should +verb?

I don’t know what to do about it. Any ideas?

You should / ought to + verb.

My advice is to +verb.

If I were you, I’d +verb.

Have you thought of +gerund.

Why don’t you +verb.

3. Άσκηση: Match the two parts of these sentences. What do you think the problems

are?

a. I think

b. My advice is to

c. If I were you,

d. Have you thought of

e. Why don’t you

1. take some aspirin and go to bed.

2. take him to the vet.

3. you should get more exercise.

4. I’d break the window.

5. getting contact lenses.

4. Σκεφτείτε: a. Look at what five people said.

1. I’m afraid of flying and my boss has asked me to fly to Paris for a meeting.

2. I’m so worried about my exams that I can’t sleep.

3. I borrowed a colleague’s car yesterday and I had an accident.

4. There’s a party tonight but I’ve got loads of word to do.

5. I’m thinking about leaving my job – it pays well but it’s really boring.

b. Match the problems with this advice.

a. go but don’t stay too long

b. stay until you find something more interesting

c. go to see a doctor

d. pay for the damage

e. go by train

c. Now make full sentences giving advice in different ways.

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5. Βιωματική δραστηριότητα:

Ας υποθέσουμε ότι βρίσκεστε στο σπίτι κάποιου ξένου φίλου και έχετε ένα πρόβλημα.

Συντάξτε ένα διάλογο βασισμένο πάνω στο πιο κάτω πλάνο. Επεκταθείτε όσο γίνετε

περισσότερο. Δήξτε πραγματικό ενδιαφέρον.

A tell B that you have a problem, ask for advice

B ask A questions about the problem

A answer the questions, explain the problem

B offer advice

A accept the advice, thank A

Σύνοψη Στην ενότητα αυτή εξετάσαμε το λεξιλόγιο / φράσεις, δομές γραμματικής και

κυρίως τα ειδικά ρήματα που χρησιμοποιούμε σε διαφορετικούς βαθμούς

τυπικότητας για να κάνουμε παρακλήσεις, προσκλήσεις ή να ζητήσουμε και να

δώσουμε συμβουλές. Επίσης, αναφερθήκαμε σε μερικά πολιτισμικά στοιχεία που

διαφοροποιούν τους λαούς.

Γλωσσάρι Υποενότητα 5.1

foreign – ξένο

customs – ήθη

transport – μεταφορικά μέσα

attitude – στάση

stranger – άγνωστος

introductions – συστάσεις

conversation – συνομιλία

offer – προσφέρω

accept – δέχομαι

hug – αγκαλιάζω

male – αρσενικό / άντρας

rubber – καουτσούκ, λάστιχο

receive – λαμβάνω

repeat – επαναλαμβάνω

acceptable – αποδεκτό

religion – θρησκεία

statement – δήλωση

appointment – ραντεβού, συνάντηση

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shake hands – κάνω χειραψία

Υποενότητα 5.2

favour – χάρη

explain – εξηγώ

honestly - ειλικρινά

excuse – δικαιολογία

comment – σχόλιο

depend – εξαρτάται

doesn’t matter – δεν πειράζει

otherwise – ειδάλλως, αλλιώς

impolite – αγενής

come round – έλα από το σπίτι

Υποενότητα 5.3

acquaintance – γνωστός, γνωριμία

hospitality – φιλοξενία

realize – αντιλαμβάνομαι

suddenly – ξαφνικά

feel dizzy – ζαλίζομαι

feel sick – ανακατεύομαι

requests – παράκληση

passer-by – περαστικός

directions – κατευθύνσεις, οδηγίες

noise – θόρυβος

dictionary – λεξικό

Υποενότητα 5.4

date – ημερομηνία

fireworks – πυροτεχνήματα

decoration – διακόσμηση

traditional – παραδοσιακό

roast – ψητό

vegetables – λαχανικά

do you mind ? – σε πειράζει / ενοχλεί;

cottage – εξοχικό

seaside – ακροθαλασσιά

reply – απάντηση, απόκριση

fancy – μου αρέσει, γουστάρω

elaborate – περίπλοκο

description – περιγραφή

situation – κατάσταση

event – γεγονός

wonder – αναρωτιέμαι

borrow – δανείζομαι

paper – εφημερίδα

shade – σκιά

fascinating – συναρπαστική

errands – αγγαρείες

accounts – λογαριασμοί, λογιστικά

hurry – βιάζομαι

enjoyment – απόλαυση

enjoyable – απολαυστικό

essential – ουσιώδες, σημαντικό

unnecessary – μη αναγκαίο

enter – μπαίνω, δηλώνω συμμετοχή

competition – διαγωνισμός

race – αγώνας δρόμου

candle – κερί

wish – ευχή

resolution – απόφαση

accident – ατύχημα

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huge – τεράστιο

complete – εντελώς

postbox – ταχυδρομικό κουτί

handmade – χειροποίητο

poem – ποίημα

single – ένα μόνο

pretend – προσποιούμαι

else – άλλο/ς

keep – κρατώ, τηρώ

propose – κάνω πρόταση γάμου

Υποενότητα 5.5

addicted – εθισμένος

add up – προσθέτω

score – σκορ, αποτέλεσμα

result – αποτέλεσμα

workaholic – εργασιομανής

worry – ανησυχώ

during – κατά τη διάρκεια

interview – συνέντευξη

engaged – αρραβωνιασμένος

divorced – διαζευγμένος

reception – δεξίωση

congratulations – συγχαρητήρια

well done – μπράβο

vacation – διακοπές

brilliant – λαμπρά

all the best – καλή τύχη

what a shame – τι κρίμα

socializing – συνευρίσκομαι κοινωνικά

control – έλεγχος

perhaps - ίσως

hopelessly – απελπιστικά

vet – κτηνίατρος

contact lenses – φακοί επαφής

damage – ζημιά

Ακουστικά κείμενα Υποενότητα 5.2

Διάλογος 1

A Hi, Mike.

B Oh, hi Sebastian.

A Busy, isn’t it?

B Hell.

A Do you fancy a drink?

B Sorry, I’d love to but I’ve got to get home.

A Stuff to do.

B Stuff to do, yeah.

A Shame.

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B Yeah, well, see you tomorrow, anyway.

A Yeah, see you.

Διάλογος 2

A I think I’m going to get out now.

B Yeah, me too.

A Would you like to go for a coffee afterwards?

B That would be nice. But not in here.

A No?

B Coffee’s dreadful. There’s an Italian bar not far though. We could go there.

A Oh, yes. Oh, yes. That’s a good idea.

B Right. I’ll see you in the foyer, then. About ten minutes? Got to dry my hair.

A OK. In the hall. Where we came in.

Διάλογος 3

A It was the same in Mongolia.

B Yes. Quite an experience.

A Mmm. Um, look, Simona. I was wondering. Er, would you like to come round

for dinner? You know. You could meet Hilary.

B Oh. Really? That’s very nice of you. I’d love to. Thank you.

A OK, how about, um, Friday night? Or Saturday?

B Which is preferable for you?

A Well, it’s, I don’t know really. It doesn’t really matter. Well, let’s say Friday.

B That would be great.

A OK. Round about half past seven?

Διάλογος 4

A Oh, hi, Joanna.

B Yes? Oh, Clare,hi.

A Hi, look, um, Diana and me, we’re going to the seaside tomorrow. Would you

like to come?

B Oh, that’s kind of you. I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry. I’ve got something on

tomorrow.

A Oh, well never mind.

B It’s a shame. Maybe another weekend?

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A Well, yes, why not? Perhaps we could arrange something.

B Yes, that would be nice.

A OK, well um, I’ll see you later then.

B Yes see you. Bye.

Διάλογος 5

A Listen, John. I was wondering, we’re having a barbecue of Saturday, just you

know a few friends over. I was wondering if you’d like to come?

B Oh, that would be very nice. Thank you.

A Oh, good. Well we’re starting about six thirty, seven, so, any time after that

really.

B Well, smashing, thank you very much, I’ll really, … um …

A Was there someone you’d like to er …

B Well, if I …

A Certainly, very welcome, what’s the er ?

B Rachel.

A Oh, right, well by all means, sure.

B Oh, right, then I’ll um, thank you very much.

A We’ll see you on Saturday then.

B Yes.

Υποενότητα 5.3

Διάλογος 1

A Do you think I could borrow your dictionary this weekend?

B Sorry, normally I’d say yes, but I’m using it myself.

Διάλογος 2

A Is it all right if I smoke in here?

B Well, actually, I don’t think you’re allowed to.

Διάλογος 3

A Does anyone mind if I open the window?

B Well, I’d rather you didn’t if you don’t mind. I’m a bit cold.

Διάλογος 4

A Excuse me. Do you happen to have change for five euros?

B I’m afraid not. I’ve just used all my change for the phone box.

23

Διάλογος 5

A I was wondering If you could spare me a minute to look at this form?

B Yes, of course, let’s go into my office, shall we?

Διάλογος 6

A Do you mind if I borrow your paper?

B Yes, of course. I’ve already read it.

Διάλογος 7

A Would it be possible to move to that table in the shade?

B I’m afraid that table is reserved, madam, but, I’ll see what I can do.

Διάλογος 8

A Jenny and Samantha, excuse me for interrupting, but could you possibly

continue your fascinating conversation after the lesson?

B/C Oh, sorry, Mr. Burton.

Λύσεις των ασκήσεων Υποενότητα 5.1

2. Indonesia

3. 1. – F 2 – T 3 – F 4. – F 5. – F 6. – T 7. – F 8. – T

5. 1. a cup of coffee 2. how much this costs 3. open this window

4.lend me 50p 5. is this the way to the station

6. 1. like 2. are 3. Could 4. Excuse 5. got 6. phone 7. introduce 8. isn’t

7. a. 7 b. 4 c. 1 d. 5 e. 8 f. 3 g. 2 h. 6

8. accept all appropriate answers

Υποενότητα 5.2

4.

invitation to … reply

1 Go for a drink No. Go home, things to do

2 Go for a coffee Yes. Not here, Italian bar, in 10 minutes

3 Come round for dinner Yes. Friday around 7.30

4 Go to the seaside No. Has something to do

5 Come over for a barbecue Yes. Any time after 6.30-7.00, bring

someone along?

5. See tape script.

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Υποενότητα 5.3

3. Suggested answers

1. Do you think I could borrow your car for the weekend?

2. Excuse me. Could you tell me where the chemist’s is.

3. Could you help me with my computer?

4. Excuse me. Could you be a bit more quiet, please?

5. I’m sorry, but can I leave now?

6. Excuse me. Have you got the time?

4.

topic agrees (Yes) or disagrees (No)

1. Borrow dictionary No. using it

2. OK to smoke No. not allowed

3. OK to open window No. cold

4. Have change for 5 euros No. just used it

5. Look at a form Yes. Go to the office

6. Borrow newspaper Yes. Read it already

7. Move to another table ? reserved, will try

8. Be quiet Yes. sorry

Υποενότητα 5.4

1. 31 October- Halloween 5 November- Guy Fawkes’ Night

3. a. 1. Christmas 2. New Year’s 3. Valentine’s Day 4. Birthday

3. b. 1. …have a bottle of champagne. 2. …they can’t usually keep.

3. …to her last year. 4. …everyone else pays for you.

4. give - present

open - presents, a bottle of champagne

go - to church

have - an accident/job interview, dinner/a reception, a cake

cut - a cake

make - a wish/resolutions, dinner, a cake

propose - to your girlfriend

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blow out - candles

get - a job, presents

enter/win/lose - a competition/race

take/pass/fail - an exam/test

6. 1. – f 2. – g 3. – e 4. – j 5. – d 6. – a/b 7. –c/d 8. – a 9. – i 10. – h

7. Accept all logical answers

8. Accept all logical answers

Υποενότητα 5.5

3. a. – 3 b. – 1. / 2 c. – 4 d. – 5 e. – 1. /2

4. b. 1. – e 2. – c 3. – d 4. – a 5. – b

4. c. Accept all logical answers

Πηγές για περαιτέρω μελέτη

Grammar Link 4, Maria Karyda, Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 0-582-50467-8

Face2face Intermediate, Chris Redstone & Gillie Cunningham, Cambridge University

Press. ISBN 978-0-521-60061-3

Practical English for Adults 2, C. N. Grivas, Grivas Publications. ISBN 13 978-960-409-

568-1

Βιβλιογραφία Clockwise Pre-intermediate, Bruce NcGowen & Vic Richardson, Oxford University

Press. ISBN 0-19-434074-0

Clockwise Intermediate, Will Forsyth, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-434078-3

Clockwise Upper-intermediate, Jon Naunton, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-

434082-1

English 365 Book 1, Bob Dignen, Steve Flinders, Simon Sweeney, Cambridge University

Press. ISBN 978-0-521-75362-3

English 365 Book 2, Bob Dignen, Steve Flinders, Simon Sweeney, Cambridge

University Press. ISBN 0-521-75368-8

26

Βιογραφικό σημείωμα συγγραφέα Ο Μανώλης Μαρκίδης γεννήθηκε στη Κύπρο και έζησε στη Λευκωσία και την

Αμμόχωστο τα παιδικά του χρόνια. Μετά το πόλεμο του 1974 μετανάστευσε στο

Τορόντο του Καναδά όπου τελείωσε το γυμνάσιο και λύκειο. Στη συνέχεια σπούδασε

στη Σχολή Καλών Τεχνών του York University. Το 1985 εγκαταστάθηκε στη Αθήνα και

από το 1988 διδάσκει αγγλικά σε παιδιά και ενήλικες.