Επαγγελματική Συμβουλευτική

download Επαγγελματική Συμβουλευτική

of 224

description

Επαγγελματική Συμβουλευτική

Transcript of Επαγγελματική Συμβουλευτική

  • Norman E. AmundsonUniversity of British Columbia

    JoAnn Harris-BowlsbeyKuder, Inc.

    Spencer G. NilesPennsylvania State University

    :

    Upper Saddle River, New JerseyColumbus, Ohio

    (), - o (), & ( ) (2000-2006), - 2.4.1.. 2.4.1 2.4 - . , 80% 29 1260/99.

  • : : : (....): , : E : , ,

    : Rosili, . 210 6615.050

    , , .

    2008 ll rights reserved, (....)

    Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

    Amundson, Norman E.Essential elements of career counseling: processes and techniques / Norman E. Amundson, JoAnn Harris-Bowlsbey, Spencer G. Niles. 2nd ed. p. cm.

    Includes bibliographical references and index.

    ISBN-13: 978-0-13-158218-7 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-13-158218-6 (alk. paper)

    1. Career developmentUnited States. 2. Vocational guidanceUnited States.3. Educational counselingUnited States. 4. Career development. 5. Vocational guidance.6. Educational counseling. I. Harris-Bowlsbey, JoAnn. II. Niles, Spencer G. III. Title.

    HF5382.5.U5A718 2009331.702dc22 2007052873

    Vice President and Executive Publisher: Jeff ery W. JohnstonPublisher: Kevin M. DavisEditor: Meredith D. FosselEditorial Assistant: Maren VigilanteMarketing Coordinator: Brian MountsProduction Manager: Kathy SleysCreative Director: Jayne ConteCover Design: Ilze LemesisCover Illustration /Photo: Getty Images/Digital VisionFull-Service Project Management/Composition: Karpagam Jagadeesan /GGS Books ServicesPrinter/Binder: R.R. Donnelley & Sons, Inc.

    , ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CAREER COUNSELING: PROCESSES AND TECHNIQUES, 2 , ISBN 0131582186, AMUDSON, NORMAN HARRIS- BOWLSBEY, JO ANN G. NILES, SPENCER G. Pearson Education, Inc, Prentice Hall, Copyright 2009. . , , , , , Pearson Education, Inc. , / , Copyright 2009.

    Authorized translation from the English language edition, entitled ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF CAREER COUNSELING: PROC-ESSES AND TECHNIQUES, 2nd Edition, ISBN 0131582186, by AMUNDSON, NORMAN HARRIS-BOWLSBEY, JOANN G and NILES, SPENCER G, published by Pearson Education, Inc, publishing as Prentice Hall, Copyright 2009.All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission from Pearson Education, Inc. GREEK language edition published by EKEP/ NATIONAL CENTRE FOR VOCATIONAL ORIENTATION, Copyright 2009.

    ISBN: 978-960-98476-1-2

  • iii

    ,

    (....) -, , - .

    - . : - Essential Elements of Career Counseling, Processes and Techniques Norman Amundson, JoAnn Harris Bowlsbey, Spencer G. Niles, (Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall, Colombus Ohio, second Edition 2008).

    . - , . , , , .

    - , .

    , , .

    ..

  • iv

    . - , , , . . -, .

    , - . , .

    2 , - . , , . . , .

    1 . - . , - - . NCDA ( National Career Development Association) - .

    . - , 2 John L. Holland, Donald E. Super John D. Krumboltz, Mark L. Savickas. .

  • v

    3 - . . - . Archway of Determinants ( ) Donald Super .

    -. 4 . .

    5 - . . - .

    6 7 . 6 -. - -, , . 7 . .

    , 8 - . , . , .

    9 - . -, . .

    10, 11 12 - , , -, . - , . ,

  • vi

    . , .

    , 13, - . , , , .

    . - . , . .

    . - . - Bill Borgen, Marv Westwood Rod McCormick U.B.C, Ed Herr Spencer Niles Penn State University Gray Poehnell Ergon Communications. , - , - U.B.C. - Umea . .

    , . , Jeanette, - -. .

    Norm Amundson

  • vii

    - . - , - . Dr. Donald E. Super Dr. David V. Tiedeman 1960 . , - .

    , DISCOVER ( ), , - - , , - . - . , - : .

    JoAnn Harris-Bowlsbey

    ( University of Virginia, University of British Columbia Penn State University) - . - . Ed Herr, Norm Amundson, JoAnn Harris-Bowlsbey, Mark Pope Ed Colozzi . , (Kathy, Jennifer Jonathan) , .

    Spencer Niles

    : Tracy Baldo, University of Northern Colorado, Andrew V. Beale, Virginia

  • Commonwealth University, Chris Brown, University of Missouri-Kansas City, M. Harry Daniels, Th e University of Florida, Malka Edelman, Hofstra University, Debra A. Pender, Northern Illinois University, Linda Shapiro, University of Louisville, Nancy Wallace, George Mason University, Jane Webber, Monmouth University. .

    ACA American Counseling Association ASCA American School Counselor Association ASVAB Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery

    CACREP Council for the Accreditation of Counseling

    and Related Educational Programs

    CACGS Computer-assisted Career Guidance Systems

    CDI Career Development Inventory CDS Career Decision Scale CMI Career Maturity Inventory CDMS Career Decision Making System

    (Harrington-OShea) Harrington-OShea

    COPS Career Occupational Preference Survey

    CPS Career Planning Survey CTI Career Th oughts Inventory FAFSA Free Application for Federal Student Aid FSU Florida State University GATB General Aptitude Test Battery IAEVG International Association for Educational

    and Vocational Guidance E

    ICCS Intelligent Career Card Sort IPEDS National Center for Educational Statistics JVIS Jackson Vocational Interest Survey

    JacksonLPC Licensed Professional Counselor NBCC National Board for Certifi ed Counselors NOICC National Occupational Coordinating

    Committee

    MBTI Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Myers-BriggsMCC Master Career Counselor Master MCDP Master Career Development Professional Master NCC National Certifi ed Counselors NCDA National Career Development Association NECA National Exchange Carrier Association RWM Vocational School Database SDS Self Directed Search SII Strong Interest Inventory StrongUS INS US Immigration and Naturalization Services

    viii

  • 1: : , 1

    2: 13

    3: 40

    4: 51

    5: 65

    6: : 78

    7: : 93

    8: 103

    9: 114

    10: , 126

    11: 138

    12: 150

    13: 164

    ix

  • 1: : , 1

    ; 2 4 7 9 10

    2: 13

    John L. Holland 15 22 - 23 24 Donald E. Super 25 28 - 29 30 Mark L. Savickas 31 33 - 33 John Krumboltz 34 36 - 36 39

    3: 40 44 46 47 50

    xi

  • 4: 51

    53 56 58 60 60 60 61 61 61 62 64

    5: 65

    71 73 76 77

    6: : 78 79

    1. ( ) 792. ( ) 823. , 834. 84

    85 87 90 91

    7: : 93

    94 / 97

    xii

  • ( ) 100 102

    8: 103

    (...) 106 109 111 113

    9: 114

    116 119 120 122 122 123 125

    10: , 126 127 130 133 134 136 137

    11: 138 139 142 145 148 149

    xiii

  • 12: 150 153 153 155 157 157 158 158 162 163

    13: 164

    168 171 174 175

    : 177

    : : ( 2003) 187

    199

    206

    : . , - , .

    xiv

  • 1

    : ,

    ;

    - -

  • . - [ (NCDA)], 1913. , -, - ( 1958, 1976, 1994). . , , . , - - .

    . - , - . . - .

    , , . . . , , , - .

    ;

    2

  • Frank Parsons (1909). Parsons , - Breadwinners College Civic Service House, , Vocational Bureau ( ) . , Parsons . :

    1. , , , , .

    2. , - , , .

    3. - (Parsons, 1909).

    Parsons ( , , ), ( ) ( ) 1900 (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2005). Parsons 20 , - . Parsons , - . , -, .

    , , - . - , - . , , , -

    : , 3

  • . . , - . , - . - . , - -.

    , (.. , -). , 100 :

    - 1800. 1900. 1900. 1920. 1930. 1940 1950. , , 1960. 1970. - 1980 1990 (Herr, 2001, . 202).

    4

  • / - , . -, . , , . - . , ( ) . , - . , , 24 . - . 200 1970 (Levy & Levey, 1998).

    - , - . . , , (Rifk in, 1995). - . , - ( ) . (Bridges, 1994, Rifk in, 1995).

    - . . Levey & Levey (1998) ( ) karoshi, . , 25% - , .

    : , 5

  • . (Levey & Levey, 1998, . 231). , - .

    , - . - , . , . - . , . (.. , ). : , .

    - . , . - (Niles, Anderson, & Cover, 2000). , . . Niles ( ) , . , - - 21 .

    6

  • - :

    1. - .

    2. - .

    3. .4. -

    .5.

    .6. -

    .7. -

    .

    . , - . , -, , - . , . - , , - . ( ) - . - . , , - . . , -, .

    : , 7

  • . , . . - , , . , , (Herr, 1989).

    , . . . - . , - . - , , , , , , - , , , , / -.

    , - . - (Fouad, 1993). , , (Aubrey, 1977). , - - . . - , , , . (Wrenn, 1962) .

    , -

    8

  • , . - . - , , , .., . - . , , . .

    , , - . , (Super, 1990). - , . , , - .

    - . , / , . - .

    NCDA , - . :

    : , 9

  • - ( , )

    ( , )

    -

    , -

    ,

    (.. -)

    ,

    , - / (www.ncda.org)

    NCDA - . 11 - NCDA :

    : - .

    : - .

    /: / - - .

    /: / - -.

    , :

    10

  • , , - .

    , : - -.

    : - .

    : - , - ( ) .

    / : - - .

    /: - .

    : - (www.ncda.org, 1997).

    NCDA () -.

    - . - , . - - . NCDA ( ). -, - (1 = , 2 = , 3 = ). ,

    : , 11

  • - 1 2. , . , , / .

    NCDA, - - - . -, . ( ) . , NCDA .

    - , , - . . , - . , , . , . . , - , NCDA (www.ncda.org), (NECA) (www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/6491/neca.html) E (IAEVG) (www.iaevg.org).

    12

  • 2

    John L. Holland

    Donald E. Super

    Mark L. Savickas

    John D. Krumboltz

  • - . . . , . , .

    John L. Holland, Donald E. Super, Mark L. Savickas, John D. Krumboltz. , -, .

    , , , - , . - . -

    Sue . , , 27 . , . Sue , , .

    Sue -, , +. , - .

    . . .

    14

  • , , .

    Holland , , , . , Holland, - , . , , - .

    Holland :

    1. : , , , , .

    2. (: , , ) .

    3. .

    4. , , - .

    - :

    Holland, Making Vocational Choi-ces ( ) (1997). :

    (R) , , , , /

    JOHN L. HOLLAND

    15

  • (I) -

    ,

    (A) , ,

    (S) ,

    ,

    (E) -

    ,

    , ,

    (C)

    , , , -

    , -.

    16

  • : (1) Holland Self-Directed Search ( ) (Holland, 1994b) Vocational Preference Inventory ( ) (Holland, 1985), (2) - Holland ( - ), Kuder Career Search with Person Match ( ) (Kuder & Zytowski, 2007), Strong Interest Inventory ( ) (Campbell, Strong & Hansen, 1991), Campbell Interest and Skill Survey ( ) (Campbell, 1992), O*Net Interest Profi ler ( ) ( , 2002), Career Assessment Inventory (- ) (Johansen, 1984), (3) , , Holland Party Game ( ) Occupational Daydream ( ) (SDS), (4) - .

    Holland , - . - Position Classifi cation Inventory ( ) (Gottfredson & Holland, 1996b) . Holland - O*Net, , http://online.onetcenter.org.

    - . . - . ( ) ( ), . - ,

    17

  • . , , . - - Holland. , .

    .

    ,

    50

    40

    30

    20

    10

    0 I

    R I A S E C

    : Holland - Holland. , - . , , ( ), .. (, ), - ( ). , . , . , - . , I () () . S () ( ) , (), R ( ) C (- ) , .

    18

  • 50

    40

    30

    20

    10

    0 I

    R I A S E C

    : S () E () Holland. , , ( ) SE (-) ES (-) Holland. , , - , , - /.

    ,

    50

    40

    30

    20

    10

    0 I

    R I A S E C

    : - , . - , . ,

    19

  • . , - - , . : / , , - , , , . , , Holland . , . , () , R () C () . , A () .

    Holland , R, I, A, S, E C ( ) , 2.1. . ( ), ( ) ( ). ( ) - .

    2.1.

    RI (-) ( - ) , . ( )

    20

  • , .

    RA (-) ( ) - . , , ( ) .

    RS (-) ( ) -, .

    2.1 Holland

    RI, RC, IR, IA, AI, AS, SA, SE, ES, EC, CE

    RA, RE, IS, IC, AR, AE, SI, SC, EA, ER, CS, CI

    RS, IE, AC, SR, EI, CA

    (R)

    (I)

    (C)

    (A)

    (E)

    (S)

    Holland, ACT Research Report . 29, J. L. Holland, D.R. Whitney, N.S. Cole J.M. Richards, Jr., 1969, Iowa City: . Copyright 1969 The American College Testing Program. .

    21

  • , - . R () , . S , - , . , ( ) , , . Holland , .

    Holland :

    ( ) .

    Th e Educational Opportunities Finder ( - ) (Rosen, Holmberg, & Holland, 1999) , .

    Occupations Finder ( ) (Holland, 1994a), Dictionary of Holland Occupational Titles ( Holland) (Gottfredson & Holland, 1996), O*Net ( , 2007), -, , , .

    Leisure Activities Finder ( - ) (Holmberg, Rosen, & Holland, 1999), -, .

    .

    22

  • Holland :

    , , -

    , , -,

    ( , -), -.

    -

    Sue. .Sue -

    . , - .

    ;Sue -

    .

    ;Sue

    . ;Sue , , , -

    .

    ;Sue -

    , .

    ( , - Holland .

    23

  • - O*Net . .)

    .

    - - . . ;

    Sue , . . - .

    ;Sue SER ( ). ( -

    ) S (), R () . ( -, S () 48, ( ) 46, R () 40 20).

    ;Sue , SER

    . S () . ( ) R () . - . .

    ;

    Sue .

    24

  • . R () . .

    - , - S () ( ) , - .

    Sue , SER (---).

    ;Sue !

    . .

    ESR (---), ( -) S (); ( ), - .

    Sue , . .

    . . ;

    Sue .

    . - . , .

    25

  • Donald E. Super . . - . - (Life Career Rainbow), - . . - , ( , ) ( , ).

    , Super :

    , . - (Super, 1963). , , - . , , -, .

    - : , , , - . , . 21 , , , , - - .

    , - ( , , - )

    26

    DONALD E. SUPER

  • ( -) . , , - .

    - . - (Super, 1980). : , /, , , , -, . Super - (. 2.2). - . - . , -

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    3035

    40 45 5055

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    2.2 -: . Career Choice and Development ( ) (2 ), Duane Brown,

    Linda Brooks .

    (, )

    Copyright 1990 Jossey-Bass, Inc., John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    (, )

    ////

    27

  • . . Super, , ( ) () - .

    -/ ( - ). . , , - . , Super - , - . , ( ) () , ( ) ( ).

    , , , , , , .

    Holland, Super :

    - -. : -, , . .

    . . , . .

    28

  • Super, - Holland. :

    , -, ,

    -,

    , , .

    -

    [ Adult Career Concerns Inventory ( ) Career Develop-ment Inventory ( ) . .]

    Sue. .

    Sue - . , - .

    - .

    Sue , .

    . ;

    Sue , . , .

    29

  • . - .

    Sue - . .

    .

    Sue . -

    -;

    Sue . , . - , .

    [ CDI ( ) .] - . DISCOVER . DISCOVER ( ), . . - . - .

    (Sue) - .

    , ; , !

    Sue - , , - . -

    30

  • , .

    , . . - , -, , .

    Sue . .

    ! - . , . -. , - . - , . . - 21 . , - . -. ! !

    , Sa-vickas, Super 21 . Super - .

    , Savickas,

    MARK L. SAVICKAS

    31

  • Super, . 20 . - 21 . , , . (Savickas, 2005).

    , : -, . - (Holland, 1997) . Holland, - .

    . . . , Super, . , .

    . 21 -. , . - .

    . , . - . ,

    32

  • . , - .

    :

    ; ; (, ,

    ..) ;

    - .

    1. .

    2. -.

    3. .

    -

    . ;

    Sue .

    - .

    Sue , . . -

    ;Sue , David Bowie -

    Jacques Cousteau. ;Sue .

    , .

    33

  • , . ; .

    Sue . . , .

    ;Sue -

    . .Sue reality -

    .

    . - , , , . ;

    Sue , . - , .

    ;Sue ,

    . -. , . , .

    . - ( ) - , .

    , John Krumboltz -

    JOHN KRUMBOLTZ

    34

  • . , , . - , .

    :

    - : , -, (Krumboltz, 1996).

    - . , , Krumboltz , .

    . - .

    . , - .

    - / . . , , . .

    21 , -, . - .

    35

  • Krumboltz :

    -

    ,

    , -

    -

    (, , , -)

    -, Krumboltz .

    Krumboltz Baker (1973) :

    1. .2. .3. .4. .5. .6. , .7. .8. -

    .

    -

    ( - [Carrer Beliefs Inventory].)

    , Sue. ; ;Sue -

    36

  • . , - .

    , . - ;

    Sue .

    , . ;

    Sue . - .

    - . . ;

    Sue . ;Sue

    - .

    , , . ;

    Sue , - 50 . , - . . -. , , . , .

    , , , - . . .

    37

  • , ;

    Sue , . .

    ;Sue . -

    . , , -, - . . .

    ;Sue . .

    ;Sue . O*Net Online

    , , - . - . , . -, , , -, , . . . - , . , . , , , .

    Sue ;

    . , -

    38

  • . , , , - , .

    Sue . - . - .

    , , , , . Sue, - , .

    , , . , Holland - . Super . Savickas - . Krumboltz .

    , - . , Sue, - Holland , Krumboltz , - Super - , . , - . , ( ) , .

    39

  • 3

  • Izuma 30 . . , , , , .

    , Izuma - , Izuma. Izuma , , , . Izuma , Honda . , . Izuma - . .

    , Izuma - : - Kuder (Kuder Carrer Search with Person Watch) Super (Values Inventory). - : / (95%) / (92%), - , - . Super, , . - , , - / , Izuma . , .

    Izuma / . Izuma , .

    Izuma, , -

    41

  • . , - - . Parsons (1909), , :

    1. , , , , ,

    2. , , , -

    3. - (. 5).

    Super (1990), 20 , (Archway of Determinants), - 3.1. , , Super . - , -.

    . . - (. 2, 21). . , . Super .

    . Super - , , . - , , , .

    , - .

    42

  • 3.1 (.. )

    : From Career Choice and Development: Applying Contemporary Theories to Practice (2nd edi-tion). Duane Brown, Linda Brooks (Eds.), Copyright 1990, Jossey-Bass Inc. Jossey-Bass Inc., , John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    -

    -

    -

    43

  • . . - . , . Izuma. - .

    - : - . - .

    , - . . Roe (1956), Maslow (1954), - - . , , - . Roe - - Maslow. Roe - Maslow ( , , ) ( ), ( , , , -, ) - .

    Roe -

    44

  • , .

    . . , - , , . Roe, . : - 1, 2, , , - . . , O*Net ( , 2007) , , . , - . , , , , - .

    . Holland (1997) - , , , . Brown (1996) , . Super (1980) , , . , Super 12 - , , , . . Super (Kuder & Zytowski, 2007).

    . Holland (1997) , , . , , -

    45

  • . , . - . , , .

    , , , , -. , Roe Holland, , . - , ( Harcourt, 1990) O*Net ( , 1999). - , Kuder (Kuder Skills Assessment, Kuder Inc., 2006) , ACT (ACT Inc., 2007).

    , , , - , . - . Super, - . , - .

    - . - , , . , , -, , .

    , - ( Super )

    46

  • ( Super ). - ( ) , .

    , , . - , , .

    . - - . . , , - . (INS) - . , , . , / .

    , . - . , - , , , . . , - , . , - - - . -

    47

  • , . , - , , , . , , - . - , . . , - - , , , . - - .

    , - . - , , , -. , , , , . -, , , , , - . , , - .

    , , , . - . , , , -. , - .

    , , , , . 21

    48

  • . , . , , . , - ( ). -. . , 65% - 21 , 20% , 20 .

    , , . , - , ( ), . , , .

    , . - , , , . , 21 . , , . , O*Net ( ) .

    , , -, . 21 - ,

    49

  • . , - .

    , , , -. 20 . 21 , 20, , - . , . Rifk in (1995) -: (1) (2) . . , . , - .

    - , . , , , , , , - , - . , , . , - - . , , - , , .

    50

  • 4

  • . , , , - - (Tursi & Cochran, 2006). - - (Bohart & Tallman, 1999).

    , , . , - . , - . , -. . Kelly (1997) - .

    . , . . , . . : - , . -, .

    Carl Rogers (1951, 1961, 1989), -, . , -. , . Rogers , , .

    , , , - . . - .

    52

  • , ( ). Schlossberg, Lynch Chickering (1989) - , , - , , . .

    Schlossberg, Lynch Chickering (1989), - . , . ( ). - . , . - . , . .

    . . - . - .

    , - . ; ; , -. ; - ; , - .

    . , . , - , .

    53

  • ; - - ; - . .

    - . , . - . .

    - . . . . , - . , . . .

    - . - - . , , . - . . . .

    -. .

    54

  • . - . .

    . . - .

    . . .

    . - .

    . . - -.

    . . -.

    . . - , -. . : , - (Amundson, 1993).

    - (Corbierre & Amundson, 2007, Dixon Rayle, 2006, Elliott, Kao, & Grant, 2004). , - .

    55

  • - , , -. , - (Amundson, Westwood, & Prefontaine, 1995). , ; - . - .

    . : , . - .

    - . - , ( ). . , .

    , - 20 - (Amundson, 2003a, 2003b). , : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) , , ; , - . - . ,

    56

  • . .

    , - ( ). -, . , :

    - . ;

    . . -

    .

    .

    , , , , , , ... (Weinrach & Th omas, 1996). , -. , .

    , , . . . - . , , - . , - . . , .

    57

  • - . - . , - . , . .

    . . , , . , , . , , - , .

    :

    1. (, , )2. (, , , )3. (, , )4. (, , )5. (, )6. (, , )7. (, , )8. (, , )9. (, , )10. (, , )11. (, )12. ( , )13. (, , )14. (, )15. (, )16. (, , -

    )17. (, , )

    58

  • , , - . ( ); ; .

    - . , .

    4.1 (Amundson & Poehnell, 1996). ( ) . . (: 6 7 - .) -, .

    , - , , . -, .

    4.1

    : Career Pathways, Norman Amund-son Gray Poehnell, Copyright 1996, Ergon Communications. Ergon Com-munications.

    &

    59

  • . , , .

    -. - . . - .

    . , . - . .

    , . .

    - . . , - .

    -. .

    60

  • ! - .

    (Borgen & Amundson, 1987). - . , , . , - (, , ) (-, , , ). - , .

    - . . , -.

    . , .

    . - , .

    , , , - ( , , ). ,

    61

  • . .

    , - . , , .

    . , - . - . , - . . , -, - . -, (Amundson & Borgen, 2000, Muscat, 2005). , , , :

    , . , . .

    . - (Amundson & Borgen, 2000). :

    - . , , , -

    62

  • . , (Carroll, 1997).

    , (Miller & Rollnick, 2002). , - (Abu Baker, 1999, Tretheway, 1997). , ( ) .

    . - (Newman, 1994, Maher et al., 1994). . .

    , , (Bischoff & Tracey, 1995). , , . - ( ).

    , - . , . , , - .

    63

  • . . - .

    - . , , - . - .

    . - - . , , - . .

    64

  • 5

  • , , , . . , : ;. .

    , - . . . Patsula (1992) . - . - :

    .

    .

    .

    - . . -. , , , . , - .

    , . , . - . - . ,

    66

  • (McMahon, 2005). , , - . .

    . . - .

    - . (Hu-man Resources Development Canada) - :

    1. . . , , . , -, , - .

    2. . - . , , , , . - , , . - .

    3. . . - ( , - , ). , , , - .

    4. . -

    67

  • . - . , , .

    . , Borgen Amundson (1996) - - , - . , . , , - , . . , , . , , , . - .

    - . - , . - Starting Points Needs Assesment ( , Westwood, Amundson, & Borgen, 1994, . 32). - ( 5.1). - , , , .

    :

    : Amanda - . , . .

    Amanda . -

    68

  • . , - . . -

    5.1

    69

    1

    : From Starting Points: Finding your route to employment, Marv Westwood, Norman Amun-dson, William Borgen, Copyright 1994, Human Resources Development Canada. This material is used by permission of Human Resources Development Canada.

    4

    /

    .

    .

    3

    2

    .

    .

  • , -. . , -, . . ; ; , .

    . . , - . . , - - . , . - . - . - ;

    Amanda . - .

    -. ( - ).

    Amanda .

    . , . .

    (: . Amanda , .)

    70

  • Amanda - . , .

    Amanda. .

    . -. , - . , - Amanda . :

    ;

    Amanda - . -. .

    . - ;

    Amanda , . , . - .

    ( , ( ). :)

    - , , . ;

    Amanda

    71

  • . - . - , . . . , .

    -. , -. - , , . . , , . , . , , Amanda - . - . , .

    , Amanda (Amundson, 1995). , - , ; , - . :

    . , , ;

    Amanda , . - . .

    72

  • - . Amanda , ; , - .

    ;Amanda -

    . . .

    , . - . ;

    (: (. 4.1) .)

    -. . , , , . . (Combs & Freedman, 1990, Inkson & Amundson, 2002). Amanda, , :

    , .

    -. :

    ,

    73

  • - . ; ;

    Amanda ( .) -

    . , . . . . , - . .

    - . ;

    Amanda , . - .

    . .

    (: , Amanda .)

    Amanda . , - .

    , -. ; (: 7)

    Amanda -. , . : .

    ( .)

    74

  • . - ;

    Amanda ( ), - .

    , - . . , - . , .

    , - , . , . . , - . , , .

    , - . , . , . , . ( ) , . , - . .

    75

  • - , , . -, -. - . .

    - -.

    Amanda , . . . - .

    . , , .

    Amanda , , . .

    - .

    . - Amanda . , , .

    . . - .

    76

  • - . - . - , . - .

    , . - ( ). . - - .

    , - . - . , . .

    77

  • 6

    :

  • , . 2, ( ) ( ). . , - ( ) () . - .

    , , - . (. 4.1) . - . , .

    1. ( )

    - . , Csikszentmihalyi (1990) (fl ow). - . - :

    - .

    ; ; . .

    , ,

    : 79

  • . , , - . , .

    , - . . -. , , . - , , . , .

    Pattern Identifi cation Exercise ( ) (Amundson, 2003). . .

    : James 25 . -. - .

    James - . . . -, . :

    , .

    James . ,

    . ;

    James .

    80

  • (: , .)

    -. ;

    James . .

    (: , - , .)

    . . . . . , . , .

    . . . .

    -;

    James - . . , .

    . ;

    James -. .

    , .

    James , .

    : 81

  • , - . , . . , . , James - - . . - . , . , .

    , - . - . , . , , - . . , , - .

    2. ( )

    . - , . . -:

    - .

    - .

    82

  • , , , , . . , - , Emily, . - , . . , , Emily Emily . Emily .

    , , - . ; , ; , , , . - .

    3. ,

    , . . , , ( ). , . -, :

    ; ; , ; ( ).

    ;

    - (De Shazer, 1985, OHanlon & Weiner-Davis, 1989, Friedman, 1993) . -

    : 83

  • . . . , . . , . , , . , -.

    , . - ; , ; , , ; , ; - .

    4.

    , , - , . . :

    ( -, ). - .

    . . (: - 5, Amanda .)

    , . , . , , - .

    84

  • .

    5 . - . Amanda ( 5).

    : Amanda , . . , , ( ). .

    .

    Amanda . . , .

    - . ( ).

    Amanda . , - Denise , . .

    .Amanda , , .

    . - ;

    . . . -

    .

    : 85

  • . .

    , - -. , -.

    , , - . Combs Freedman (1990, . 32) -.

    . - . , . .

    . Inkson (2007) Inkson Amundson (2002) , :

    1. : .

    2. : , .

    3. : - , ( ).

    4. : - ( ).

    5. : , .

    6. : - , .

    7. : , .

    86

  • 8. : , - .

    9. : .

    10. : - .

    . Amanda, , , . . , , . - , -.

    , . . - . .

    . -. . , , , , . , .

    Niles Harris-Bowlsbey (2002) - . , . :

    : 87

  • (CMI). . - (Crites & Savickas, 1995).

    (CTI). . (Sampson, Peterson, Lenz, Reardon, & Saunders, 1996).

    (CDI). . (Super, Th ompson, Lindeman, Jordan, & Myers, 1984).

    (CDS). . (Osipow, Carney, Winer, Yanico, & Koschier, 1997).

    (he Career Beliefs Inventory). . (Krumboltz, 1991).

    .

    - - . :

    (SDS). - . , . , - (Holland, 1994).

    Strong (SII). Holland (RIASEC) - , -, , -. . (Campbell, Strong, & Hansen, 1991).

    88

  • Jackson (JVIS). (34 ). , -. (Jackson, 1991).

    Harrington-OShea (CDMS). - Holland. CDMS (Harrington & OShea, 1992).

    Kuder (Kuder Career Search with Person Match). - . , , - . , (Zytowski & Kuder, 1999).

    (COPS). 8 , . , (Knapp & Knapp, 1992).

    (CPS). . Holland - . , (ACT, 1997).

    (GATB). - - (U.S Employment Service). , ( , 1982).

    Myers-Briggs (MBTI). Carl Jung - . - . , (Myers & Briggs, 1993).

    - - .

    : 89

  • , - ( DISCOVER SIGI) . 8, -.

    , , - . , -. , . .

    . , - (Gysbers & Moore, 1987). , . , -, , , -. : , . .

    . - . , (Intelligent Career Card Sort, ICCS) (. www.intelligentcareer.net), , - . ICCS , , .

    1, - . , , . - , . .

    90

  • - (, , , ). , . . . . , - . , . , - .

    . . - - (fl ow). . , , . . - .

    , , . . . , - .

    - . - . , , . - , . , -, .

    : 91

  • - . , -. . , , (, , ..).

    , . - .

    92

  • 7

    :

    /

    ( )

  • , (. 3 6). Super 4. .

    , - . - , - (Hampden-Turner & Trompenaars, 2000, Hofstede, 1997, McCormick & Amundson, 1997). .

    - , Cooper (2001) Th e other 90% ( 90%). . - , :

    1. ;2. ; (. 8)

    - . , . - , .

    6. . ; :

    1. ;

    2. ;

    94

  • . . - . - , .

    , . , ( ), . , , . . , ; . , - . , - . - . . . - .

    . , - (Signifi cant Other Questionnaire, Amundson, 2003, . 196). - :

    . / _________________________________ . , .

    1. , ; ;

    2. ;3. ;

    : 95

  • 4. , ;

    5. ;6.

    ;7.

    ;

    - . , , .

    Amanda. Denise (), . :

    - : Denise, . ;

    Amanda . Denise , - . - .

    , , .

    Amanda , .

    . ()

    Amanda , . , .

    ;Amanda Denise ,

    . . . , .

    .

    Amanda , .

    96

  • . .

    - , , . , . , .

    -, (Amundson & Penner, 1998). , . - . .

    . , .

    , - , . . , Amanda . - .

    , , . - Amanda - .

    -. ;

    Amanda ,

    /

    : 97

  • . , - .

    . -;

    Amanda . .

    . , -, -. .

    Amanda . . - - .

    .

    Amanda ; .

    , . - .

    Amanda -. - . , (Amundson & Poehnell, 1996). - . :

    98

  • - . , -.

    . . . , . - . . -, Conference Board of Canada (http://www.conferenceboard.ca/nbec). - , - . :

    ,

    , .

    , , , , - . , - .

    : 99

  • . - , . . - . , . , . , . , .

    . - . . , (Herr, 1999, Storey, 2000), :

    1. 2. ( )3. 4. 5. ( ,

    )6. ( -

    , )7. ( , -

    , , )8. ( /, -

    , )9. - ( -

    , )

    10. ( , , )

    , -. ,

    ( )

    100

  • , -. - .

    . . , . .

    , , - . , -, . . .

    . . , , Amanda - . : ;. . , .

    . . - , . Bissonnette (1994) - . :

    1. , - .

    2. , . .

    3. . (. 32)

    : 101

  • Bissonnette (2000) , - . . , . -, . . -, .

    , , - . , , : , , -, , , , , , , , , (Bird, 1989). . , , - .

    - . 6. , , .

    , , . , .

    - . -, . . , , , - . 10 .

    102

  • 8

    - (...)

  • - 1960. Donald E. Super, David V. Tiedeman, Martin Katz, JoAnn Harris-Bowlsbey - - , (Super, 1970). , , -, , - , . . , - , , , , . 1970, (National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee, NOICC) . - , -. . , , .

    - , - , , 1980, . - 1990 - , .

    :

    104

  • , - , , , . , Kuder (Kuder Career Planning System) DISCOVER, - . , Kuder, , - . - , , , - (avatars, , ). - .

    , [ (career portfolio)], - . - , , , (www.careerkey.org). , Petersons Publishing (www.petersons.com). - , MonsterBoard (www.monster.com) , - (http://www.bls.gov/k12/index.htm).

    , - , - ( O*Net http://online.onetcenter.org/) , (National Center for Educational Statistics) http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds, .

    105

  • (Taber & Luzzo, 1999) - . - . , , , .

    - , - ..., , - .

    ... : . 5 -. , - . - : (1) , -, , (2) , (3) . , , . - .

    , , - , - : . , 5, , (checklists), , - . -

    (...)

    106

  • , . - , . .

    , , -, . - , . - , O*Net (O*Net Interest Profi ler), O*Net (O*Net Work Importance Locator) ASVAB . - O*Net - http://online.onetcenter.org. (Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, ASVAB) http://www.asvabprogram.com .

    - , - , . O*Net, http://online.onetcenter.org, . - -, , CareerInfoNet (www.acinet.org), , . , (National Center for Educational Statistics) http://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/ .

    - , , , . - , , , -

    107

  • . , , . . ... -, :

    -

    ,

    , , .

    , . ; Krumboltz (1991) Sampson, Peterson, Lenz, Reardon & Saunders (1996) - . Krumboltz - , , , . Sampson et al. , - . , 5, , (Career Beliefs Inventory, Krumboltz, 1991) (Career Th oughts Inventory, Sampson et al., 1996). , - .

    -

    108

  • . , , . , , , , -, .

    - (NCDA), (ACA) - (NBCC) - -. , , . : (1) , (2) - , (3) . , - , , , - . , , .

    - , ; :

    1. , . : ; ; ;

    109

  • ; ; ; ; ; ;

    ; ;

    2. - . : Harris-Bowlsbey, J., Riley Dikel, M., & Sampson, J. P. Jr. (2002). Th e Inter-

    net: A tool for career planning, 2 Tulsa, OK: - .

    Riley Dikel, Ml, & Roehm, F. (2006). Th e Guide to Internet job searching: 2006-2007. Chicago, IL: VGM Career Horizons.

    , (NCDA) www.ncda.org, - . , - www.metacrawler.com. - , .

    3. - , :

    - ; ;

    , - ; - , ;

    ; , ; ;

    ; ; ; -

    110

  • ; , , ;

    , , ; e-mail - .

    ; , ; - , ;

    4. . , .

    5. . , . , , , .

    6. , - . , . , - , , . . - . , , - .

    Chris - . , ,

    111

  • , . -, , Holland - . Chris Missouri (http://career.missouri.edu/students/explore/thecareerinterestsgame.php) , , . Chris .

    , Chris - O*Net (Work Importance Profi ler), O*Net (www.onetcenter.org/WIP.html). O Chris . Chris Chris ( Chris) Holland ( Chris), , . - Chris (www.bls.gov/oco) CareerInfoNet (www.acinet.org) . . , Chris Lions Club . , , Chris - .

    , , Chris . - Chris , . - . , Chris -

    112

  • , . , Chris , , - -. , Chris .

    , Chris . -, . , , .

    , , , / . , , - . . , .

    113

  • 9

  • -, . / . - - .

    - 21 . - , , , . - . Sampson et al. (2001) . .

    . - . : , , . . - - .

    , -. - . -. , , - . , , .

    115

  • : , , -. . -: , - , . , , , . ( Nebraska, Missouri, South Carolina, Kansas, Tennessee Arkansas) - , - , . , , - , . , - . , , online .

    -, Missouri (University of Missouris Career Interests) (http://career.missouri.edu/students/explore/thecareerinterestsgame.php) , Kuder (Career Planning System) (www.kuder.com) , (Self-Directed Search) (www.self-directed-search.com), - . : Tool for Career Counseling (Harris-Bowlsbey, et al., 2002) - www.ncda.org, . - - .

    116

  • , .

    - online . , , online (Occupational Outlook Handbook) (www.bls.gov/oco) . , , - 250 . , CareerInfoNet (www.acinet.org). - , , , , , , , online - . , - , . O*Net , http://online.onetcenter.org.

    . , , IPEDS (http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/org), RWM (www.rwm.or/rwm), Petersons (www.petersons.com) . , (http://studentaid.ed.gov/PORTALSWebApp/students/english/index.jsp), - . , , online (FAFSA), .

    - .

    117

  • . - , . Richard Bolles, What Color is Color is your parachute? www.jobhuntersbible.com. Bolles -, , online , , , . - , , (National Association of Colleges and Employers) www.jobweb.com. , , , . , Margaret Riley-Dikel, Riley Guide http://www.rileyguide.com . - - , , , . - Monster.com (www.monster.com), CareerBuilder (www.careerbuilder.com) College Grad Job Hunter (www.collegegrad.com). , , . -, Indeed (http://www.indeed.com), , .

    . , - NCDA (www.ncda.org) , . - CareerInfoNet (www.acinet.org) Bolles (www.jobhuntersbible.com), - . - ,

    118

  • (. www.nbcc.org www.ncda.org, ), . , - .

    - , - -. :

    - , , , .

    ( - ) .

    , - . , - Holland, , Holland, . - , , e-mail .

    - .

    - e-mail, .

    119

  • - (NBCC), - -/ - (NBCC, 2007). : - (e-mail), . e-mail, e-mail . e-mail, . , . , - .

    - . :

    - online - (ACA, 1999).

    , online , - , , , , (ACA, 1999).

    (, , , - .) (NCDA, 1997).

    online , - online (ACA, 1999).

    // (NBCC, 2007).

    120

  • , - (NBCC, 2007).

    - , - , (NBCC, 2007).

    , (NBCC, 2007).

    (NBCC, 2007).

    (NCDA, 1997).

    - (NCDA, 1997).

    , - , , . , - , (NBCC, 2007).

    - -, - (NCDA, 1997).

    - : (ACA) (www.counseling.org), - (NCDA) (www.ncda.org), (National Board for Certifi ed Counselors, NBCC) (www.nbcc.org).

    NBBC , . NBCC - . -

    121

  • . , ( www.readyminds.com), .

    , , , - , . . , :

    , - .

    - , , , - .

    - , .

    - , - . , , .

    , Sampson et al. (2001) : . . , :

    122

  • : ( , , , ), , ( , , , - . ), .

    . Harris-Bolsbey et al. (2002) :

    1. .2. .3. .4. .5. .6. .7. .

    , , , , .

    -, -. . - : Florida State University (FSU) www.career.fsu.edu. , - :

    123

  • / /

    , : . :

    , , . , - . - FSU, online .

    ReadyMinds (www.readyminds.com), .

    124

  • ( ) online . - . - , , - , . . - .

    - : , , , , - . , - , .

    125

  • 10

    ,

  • . , . - -.

    , - , . . . , . . - , . - , - .

    ( ), . - , . , .

    , . , , .

    , . -. ,

    , 127

  • . , . , . , , . , . , - . :

    : Judith . - . -. , - . , , . -, :

    .

    Judith , .

    , -;

    Judith , -.

    , . .

    Judith . - .

    .

    Judith . -. , .

    -;

    128

  • Judith , . , .

    ;Judith ,

    . ;Judith , . -

    . - -.

    - - . . , - .

    Judith . , . Patsula (1992) . - : , . , - . , .

    . Judith -. . . . . . , . , .

    , 129

  • , -, . - . - . , . ( ). , .

    . . , . , , , .

    4.1 . - . , -. - ( ). , , . , (Burt) . . , . - , , , , , , , , -. Burt . . . , .

    , ,

    130

  • . - . , - (.. , , , , ). ( ) .

    . -. 10.1 Career Pathways (Amundson & Poehnell, 1996).

    , , - ,

    4.1

    ()

    ( )

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    1. + 5 + 5 + 3 + 2

    2. + 4 + 4 + 3 + 1

    3. + 4 + 4 + 2 + 1

    4. + 2 + 4 + 1 0

    5. + 2 + 3 + 1 0

    6. + 2 + 4 + 1 0

    7. + 3 + 4 + 2 + 2

    8.

    + 2 + 2 + 1 0

    9.

    + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1

    10. 0 0 + 1 0

    28 33 17 7

    : Career Pathways, Norman Amundson Gray Poehnell, Copyright 1996, Ergon Com munications. .

    , 131

  • , , . - , . - . .

    - . .

    , - . Gelatt (1989) , . , / / . , - .

    - . - ( ). - (Trevor-Roberts, 2006). . . , . Gelatt (1989) , - . , - , . , - . , - . , .

    , -

    132

  • . - , .

    (Bloch, 2005, Bright & Pryor, 2005, Pryor & Bright, 2006). , , , - . - () () (Pryor, Amundson, & Bright, ). , . , . . - , . , , . , , , .

    , . - . , . , .

    , -. , - . , .

    . , , -

    , 133

  • . . , . , , -, .

    , -. , - . , , :

    . . .

    , , . - . . - , , , .

    , . - . - .

    - . Gysbers, Heppner Johnston (2003) - . Walter Peller (1992) :

    1. .

    134

  • 2. (.. , -, ).

    3. - .

    4. , .

    5. .

    6. , - .

    , - . , . :

    1. ;2. ;3.

    ;

    .

    . , - . , - . . - . ( ). 1.

    , - . , . - , . . , .

    , 135

  • , , . :

    , / _________________________________

    ________________________

    : ____________________________________________

    ___________________________________________________________________

    ___________________________________________________________________

    ___________________________________________________________________

    : ____________________________ : ___________________

    : __________________________________________________________

    , , . - . , , .

    - , . - . , .

    , . - . , . - .

    , . - , . -

    136

  • , . - , . , .

    , . . . - .

    . . -, . . - , - . Gelatt (1989) .

    , , - . , , , .

    . . , , .

    - - . , . .

    , 137

  • 11

  • . , (Amundson, 1995). -, . , . - (Chen, 2006). , .

    . . , . , .

    Borgen Maglio (2007) - -. . , - , , . , , - , , , . - , , -, . , , , , , , .

    , - . - .

    . , . - . ,

    139

  • . , - . - : , . , , .

    . , - . , -. , - . - . , .

    - , -. - . . - . .

    7 (Amundson & Penner, 1998). . . Burton Wedemeyer (1991), , .. . . .. . - , .

    140

  • - (Borgen & Amundson, 1987). , , . , , .

    - . . , - . . , . , . , . , - . . , .

    , . -. , . - ( - , , ) . , . , , . , . , . , .

    , , - . , . , - . ,

    141

  • . - . , . , . , Dale . - , - , , , -, . . , . Dale ( ) , , . -, . , , . . - .

    - . . . . . , . , :

    : Jane , - . ( -) . - ( ). , . .

    142

  • .Jane .

    . ,

    .Jane ! , .

    . . - ;.

    - .

    Jane . . - .

    ;

    Jane , -.

    ;Jane , . . -

    .

    (: - .)

    -, ( -) -, . , - . , . , - .

    , , -

    143

  • . . , Amanda. . , !

    Amanda , . . - - . ; , . .

    . .

    Amanda , . - .

    -.

    Amanda - . - - .

    -; . - ;

    Amanda , . . ;Amanda . . ;Amanda , .

    ( . -, - .)

    ;Amanda , .

    144

  • ; .Amanda

    . . .Amanda ; .

    , , . - . - .

    , . , . , . , . , , . .

    , - , . . . - :

    George . .

    , - . , , -

    145

  • ; (: , . .)

    George . .

    , George, ;

    George , . -

    ;George , . -

    ; .

    George, . ( ) . , . - . - .

    , , , , - . , . , - : , . :

    Maggie . .

    . .

    Maggie . ; -

    .

    146

  • Maggie . .Maggie , , -

    . .

    Maggie. - . , , - . , Maggie .

    - . , - . , . :

    . -.

    Jonathan .

    , ;Jonathan , . , , -

    .

    - . , , , .

    , , - . . . , - .

    147

  • , -. . , . , , .

    , . - . - .

    , - . , . , - . , , . , - . , . , .

    . . , - , . , .

    148

  • , . - () ( ). - .

    - , , . - .

    -. , , , . - . - . , .

    . . .

    149

  • 12

  • , - - . , - (Niles et al., 2000). , -, . , . - . .

    : . , . - . , , . . , - . , , , . , , . (, ), - . , . , . , (.. , , ) . ,

    151

  • . , . , , .

    , - . , / -. . , : - , - 10 . . ;

    , , . , : -. - . ;. , .

    , , ( , , -, ). : . 3-5 . - , 3-5 . , , / -. , - .

    - ,

    152

  • . , , , .

    . , - . . , - . -- (Leong, 1996). , - . , .

    , -, . , , , (Anderson & Niles, 1995). , . Super, Savickas Super (1996), , - . , .

    , , - .

    153

  • , , - . , - (Niles & Harris-Bowlsbey, 2005). , , - . , - , , . : . , - - . , . - .

    , -, , : . - ;

    . , - - . , . , , , , , - .

    - . , - ,

    154

  • - . , , - , - ( ) . , .

    , - . , - . , - , , - .

    , - . , - : -, , . , . , . - . ;.

    . , . , , . , , - ,, , , - . -

    155

  • :

    -.

    , . , . . -

    , - . - , , , . . - , . , , . .

    . -: - , .

    . . ;

    , . ; - .

    . , . , ,

    , , . .

    .

    156

  • . , - - .

    , , - . . , , - . , - . , , , .

    , - . . - , - . , , , , , , , . - , . - , .

    157

  • , - , , , , . - , . , - . - , .

    - . (.. ). , , . . , - . , - , . , - , . , . , . -, / , , - .

    158

  • - - . , - - . , . . , , , . , , . - :

    , . .

    , -.

    . . ;

    . . -, - .

    159

  • - . , , - .

    . , . - .