Παρουσίαση για την κατάσταση του θαλάσσιου και...
Transcript of Παρουσίαση για την κατάσταση του θαλάσσιου και...
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State of the Mediterranean
Marine and Coastal Environment
Maria Luisa Silva MejiasExecutive Secretary & CoordinatorUNEP/MAP Barcelona Convention
Athens, 5 June 2013
United Nations Environment ProgrammeMediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP)
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The Mediterranean
Mare Nostrum
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The Mediterranean
A large and complex marine and coastal ecosystem…
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The Mediterranean
Environment and Sustainable Development are intrinsically connected.
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The Mediterranean
Mediterranean Action Plan/Barcelona Convention is a governance framework.
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The State of the Environment Reports
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The Physical Mediterranean
Geography, landscapes, hydrology, climate, water circulation patterns and chemical characteristics condition the State of its Environment.
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The Physical Mediterranean
Rivers play a key role in terms of sustaining marine production, water balance, sea water quality and salinity.
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The Human Mediterranean
Population dynamics and economic pressures have a major incidence on the Status of our Sea
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The Human Mediterranean
Urban development in the Mediterranean has been rapidly increasing.
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Tourism in the Mediterranean
The Mediterranean is the largest global tourism destination, attracting almost a third of the world’s international tourists.
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Maintaining or enhancing Biodiversity
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Invasive non-indigenous species
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Commercially exploited Fish and Shellfish
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Commercially exploited Fish and Shellfish
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Marine Food Webs
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Eutrophication
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Sea-floor integrity
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Changes in hydrographic conditions
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Coastal development and sprawl
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Chemical contamination
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Chemical contamination
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The 11 Ecological Objectives for the Mediterranean
Marine Litter and Marine Noise
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Concluding remarks
None of these 11 factors exist in isolation.
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Concluding remarks
The remaining knowledge gaps are significant.
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Concluding remarks
Governance counts….
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5 areas of achievements under the Mediterranean Action Plan framework
1. Continued ownership and participation of all its members.
2. Adoption an advanced environmental legal system with seven Protocols in force which operationalize the Convention with regard to:
a) Pollution, which was the Convention’s original focus, with 5 Protocols regulating: Dumping; Poll Prevention and Emergency; LBS; Hazardous Wastes; and, Off-Shore;b) Biodiversity (Species and Protected Areas including ABNJ); and,c) Integrated Coastal Zone Management.
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5 areas of achievements under the Mediterranean Action Plan framework
3. Development of common regional policies, strategies, plans of action and other implementation measures as well as establishing a network of Centers and Programmes that foster regional cooperation and provide technical assistance;
4. Establishment of a regional system for monitoring marine pollution including a solid network of pollution monitoring institutions; and,
5. The recent adoption of an integrated framework for Ecosystems Based management in the Mediterranean.
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11 Ecological Objectives of Ecosystem Approach
1. Biological diversity is maintained or enhanced
2. Non-indigenous species introduced by human activities are at levels that do not adversely affect the ecosystem
3. Population of selected commercially exploited fish and shellfish are within biologically safe limits
4. Alterations to the components of marine food webs do not have a long-term adverse effects
5. Human-induced eutrophication is prevented
6. Sea-floor integrity is maintained, especially in priority benthic habitats
7. Alteration of hydrographic conditions does not affect coastal and marine ecosystems
8. The natural dynamics of coastal areas are maintained and coastal ecosystems and landscapes are preserved
9. Contaminants cause no significant impact on coastal and marine ecosystems and human health
10. Marine and coastal litter do not adversely affect coastal and marine environment
11. Noise form human activities cause no significant impact on marine and coastal ecosystems
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United Nations Environment ProgrammeMediterranean Action Plan
Barcelona Convention
www.unepmap.org