235

!e ìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜Î·d ì "åÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·

#ø$¡¡%À $¡!. ¶$¡$°#ø!%¶%À§%À

^& ÓÉÛÔ˜ £‹Ú·1 ÂrÓ·È Í·ÎÔ˘ÛÙ‹, ì Ê˘ÛÈ΋ Ù˘ çÌÔÚÊÈa Û·ÁËÓ‡ÂÈ, Ùe ‰˘Ó·-Ùfi Ù˘ ÎÚ·Ûd ÌÂıÄ Î·d Ùe ìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈfi2 Ù˘ â'È‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È. ^& ηٷÁÚ·Êc ÙáÓ âÎÚ‹-͈Ó3 ·éÙÔÜ ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ ñ'ÉÚÍ (Ó· à'e Ùa 'ϤÔÓ àÁ·'Ë̤ӷ ı¤Ì·Ù·. ^&ìÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈ·Îc öÎÚËÍË ÂrÓ·È à'e ÌfiÓË Ù˘ âÓÙ˘'ˆÛÈ·Îc ηd ‰bÓ ÂrÓ·È ‰˘Ó·ÙeÓ Óa‰È·Ê‡ÁÂÈ Ùɘ 'ÚÔÛԯɘ ÙáÓ àÓıÚÒ'ˆÓ 'Ôf Ûb οı â'Ô¯c Û˘ÓËı›˙Ô˘Ó Óa η-Ù·ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘Ó ¬Û· Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó Á‡Úˆ ÙÔ˘˜. ^"'Ô̤ӈ˜, qÙ·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÎe Ôî ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔd¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ Óa ÌcÓ à'ÔÙÂϤÛÔ˘Ó âÍ·›ÚÂÛË, ηıg˜ ì ‰È‹ÁËÛË ÙÔÜ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘ÎÂÓÙÚ›˙ÂÈ '¿ÓÙ· Ùe âӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙáÓ àÓ·ÁÓˆÛÙáÓ.

·. ^& öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ 726 Ì.Ã.

!e öÙÔ˜ 726 Ì.Ã. 'Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔ'ÔÈ‹ıËΠ̛· Ó¤· öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ £‹-Ú·˜, Ùe ï'ÔÖÔ ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó Ûb ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· õ‰Ë à'e Ùe 7184. !cÓ öÎÚËÍË Î·Ù¤-

1. MARINATOS, Kreta, Thera, Û. 53-62Ø ¡!%Àª$™, \$ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ £‹Ú·˜Ø KALOYEROPOULOU,Acta, Û. 7 Î.ëÍØ Thera and the Aegean World #, ##, ###Ø DOUMAS, Thera, Û. 7 Î.ëÍ.

2. !e ìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ ñ'ÉÚÍÂ ì ·åÙ›· ÁÈa Óa àÏÏ¿ÍÂÈ 'ÔÏÏb˜ ÊÔÚb˜ ì ù„Ë ÙÔÜ ÓËÛÈÔÜ, Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Û˘Ó-‰¤ÂÙ·È Ìb Ì›· à'e Ùd˜ 'Èe ÁÓˆÛÙb˜ ıˆڛ˜ ÁÈa ÙcÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊc ÙÔÜ ªÈÓˆÈÎÔÜ 'ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔÜ (‚Ï.GEORGALAS, L’éruption, Û. 170-179Ø KALOYEROPOULOU, Acta, Û. 371 Î.ëÍØ Thera and theAegean World #, Û. 667-701Ø ##, Û. 57 Î.ëÍØ ###/2, Û. 113 Î.ëÍØ MANNING, A test of time, Û. 7 Î.ëÍØFRIEDRICH, Fire, Û. 65-93). !e ı¤Ì· '·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ âӉȷʤÚÔÓ, ÁÈ\ ·éÙe ì âÊËÌÂÚ›‰· NewYork Times àÊȤڈÛ (Ó· âÎÙÂÓ¤ÛÙ·ÙÔ ôÚıÚÔ ÁÈa ÙcÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊc ÙáÓ àÚ¯·›ˆÓ 'ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌáÓ ÙɘàÓ·ÙÔÏÈÎɘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ à'e ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ 1645 '.Ã. (The New York Times 1-11-2003).

3. ™ÙcÓ îÛÙÔÚÈÎc 'ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ö¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÁÚ·ÊÂÖ ÌfiÓÔ Ì›· öÎÚËÍË '.Ã., Ùe 197, âÓá Ôî ñ'fiÏÔÈ'˜ÂrÓ·È Ì.Ã. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, Ùe ìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ âÓÂÚÁÔ'ÔÈ‹ıËΠÙe 46, Ùe 726, ÌÂÙ·Íf ÙáÓ âÙáÓ 1457-1458, 1570-1573, 1649-1650, 1707-1711, ηd 1866-1870. ™Ùc ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔÜ )ã ·åÒÓ· Ùe ìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔâÓÂÚÁÔ'ÔÈ‹ıËΠÌÂÙ·Íf ÙáÓ âÙáÓ 1925-1928 ηd 1939-1941, âÓá ÁÈa ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÊÔÚa ÛËÌ›ˆÛ‰ڷÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Ùe 1950. µÏ. FOUQUÉ, Santorin, Û. 3-35 (ï Fouqué, Santorin, Û. 36 Î.ëÍ., ÛÙc Û˘-Ó¤¯ÂÈ· 'ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ àÓ·Ï˘ÙÈÎa ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ 1866)Ø FRIEDRICH, Fire, Û. 165-179.

4. TREADGOLD, History, Û. 352Ø FOUQUÉ, Santorin, Û. 9-11Ø FRIEDRICH, Fire, Û. 165-167.

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

236

ÁÚ·„·Ó ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ: ï £ÂÔÊ¿Ó˘ (760-818)5, ï ÌÂÙ¤%ÂÈÙ· ïÌÔÏÔÁËÙ‹˜,ηd ï âÓ êÁ›ÔȘ ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎe˜ %·ÙÚȿگ˘ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˜ (806-815)6. ^" £ÂÔÊ¿Ó˘,ï ï%ÔÖÔ˜ ÂrÓ·È ÏÂ%ÙÔÌÂÚ¤ÛÙÂÚÔ˜ à%e ÙeÓ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ ÛÙcÓ âÍÈÛÙfiÚËÛË ÙáÓ ÁÂÁÔ-ÓfiÙˆÓ ·éÙɘ Ùɘ %ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘7, ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ¬ÙÈ Ùe ηÏÔη›ÚÈ ÙÔÜ 726, ηd ÁÈa ïÚÈṲ̂-Ó˜ ì̤Ú˜, ÍÂ%‹‰ËÛ η%Óe˜ ÛaÓ à%e η̛ÓÈ Ì¤Û· à%e Ùe ‚˘ıe Ùɘ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜,àÓ¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙd˜ Ó‹ÛÔ˘˜ £‹Ú· ηd £ËÚ·Û›·8. &"%ˆ˜ ï ú‰ÈÔ˜ ÛËÌ›ˆÛÂ, ÁÈa ÌÈÎÚe¯ÚÔÓÈÎe ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· âÍÉÏı ̿ÁÌ· Ùe ï%ÔÖÔ ÛÙÂÚÂÔ%ÔÈ‹ıËÎÂ, âÓá ÛÙc ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ·Ùɘ öÎÚË͢ Ê·ÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÛaÓ ÊÏfiÁ· Óa ÍÂ%Ë‰Ä Ì¤Û· à%e Ùc ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· ηd Óa η›-ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙeÓ ÔéÚ·Ófi9. ™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ùc ‰È‹ÁËÛË ï £ÂÔÊ¿Ó˘ öÁÚ·„ ¬ÙÈ Ìb ÙcÓ ö-ÎÚËÍË Ùe ìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ âÎÙ›Ó·Í ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘˜ %ÂÙÚÔÎÈÛÛ‹ÚÔ˘˜, %Ôf Ûb ïÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ %Â-ÚÈ%ÙÒÛÂȘ Ùe ̤ÁÂıfi˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Âr¯Â Ùc ÌÔÚÊc ÏfiÊÔ˘ (sic). ^' ı¿Ï·ÛÛ· Á¤ÌÈÛ à%eìÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈ·Îe ñÏÈÎe ηd Ôî %ÂÙÚÔΛÛÛËÚÔÈ âÎÙÈÓ¿¯ıËÎ·Ó Ûb ïÏfiÎÏËÚË Ùc ª. \$-Û›·, Ùc §¤Û‚Ô, ÙcÓ ò$‚˘‰Ô ηd Ùa %·Ú¿ÏÈ· Ùɘ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜10. \$%e ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍˉËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠàÓ¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙd˜ Ó‹ÛÔ˘˜ £‹Ú· ηd £ËÚ·Û›· Ì›· Ó¤· ÓÉÛÔ˜, ì ï-%Ô›· %ÚÔÛÎÔÏÏ‹ıËΠÛÙc ÓÉÛÔ Ùc ÏÂÁÔ̤ÓË ^#ÂÚ¿11. ™Ùe Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ùɘ ‰È‹ÁËÛ˘ ï£ÂÔÊ¿Ó˘ ÛËÌ›ˆÛÂ, ¬ÙÈ ÙfiÛÔ ì £‹Ú·, ¬ÛÔ Î·d ì £ËÚ·Û›·, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÌbÙeÓ ú‰ÈÔ ÙÚfi%Ô12, âÓá Ìb ·éÙcÓ ÙcÓ %·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË ñ%ÂÚ¤‚Ë Ùd˜ Ê˘ÛÈÎb˜ ÁÓÒÛÂȘÙÔÜ Ì¤ÛÔ˘ àÓıÚÒ%Ô˘ Ùɘ â%ԯɘ ÙÔ˘13.

5. Tusculum 787Ø KAZHDAN, History, Û. 205-234Ø PMBZ 8107.6. °!¢!ø¡, ¶·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯ÈÎÔd %›Ó·Î˜ 79, Û. 176-180Ø ALEXANDER, Nicephorus, Û. 7 Î.ëÍØ

Tusculum 558-560Ø PRATSCH, Nikephoros, Û. 109-147Ø PMBZ 5301.7. µÏ. ($ƒ¶")'§"™, µ˘˙. îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ› ##, Û. 66.8. £!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 404Ø %Ú‚Ï. TREADGOLD, History, Û. 352.9. £!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 40420-22. ^' âÓÙ˘%ˆÛÈ·Îc %ÂÚÈÁÚ·Êc ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ Ùe â%›%Â‰Ô ÙáÓ

Ê˘ÛÈÎáÓ ÁÓÒÛÂˆÓ ÙáÓ àÓıÚÒ%ˆÓ Ùɘ â%ԯɘ.10. £!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 40422-26.11. £!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 40426-29. ò!ÙÛÈ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıÁÎÂ ì ¶·Ï·Èa (·Ì̤ÓË, ‚Ï.

FOUQUÉ, Santorin, Û. 10-11Ø BURY, History ##, Û. 432Ø FRIEDRICH, Fire, Û. 12. ^' ÓÉÛÔ˜ ^#ÂÚa Âr¯Â‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁËıÂÖ à%e ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ 197 %.Ã. (‚Ï. FRIEDRICH, Fire, Û. 195, ¬%Ô˘ ηd àÓ·Ï˘ÙÈÎe˜%›Ó·Î·˜ ÙáÓ âÎÚ‹ÍÂˆÓ Î·d ÙáÓ ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎáÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏáÓ).

12. £!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 40428-29.13. ™˘ÁÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓË ì ô%Ô„Ë ·éÙc ÙÔÜ £ÂÔÊ¿ÓË Ìb ÙcÓ %ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓË ÁÈa ÙÔf˜ %ÂÙÚÔÎÈÛÛ‹-

ÚÔ˘˜ Ìb Ùc ÌÔÚÊc ÏfiÊÔ˘, ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ¬ÙÈ ï ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜ ÎÈÓÂÖÙ·È Ìb ôÓÂÛË àÓ¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙc Ì˘ıÔ%Ï·-ÛÙÈÎc ñ%ÂÚ‚ÔÏc ÙáÓ Ï·˚ÎáÓ ‰ÈËÁ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·d Ùc ÁÓˆÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎc ÌÂÛÙfiÙËÙ· ÙÔÜ ÌÔÚʈ̤ÓÔ˘ àÓıÚÒ-%Ô˘ Ùɘ %ÚÒÙ˘ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓɘ àÓ·Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘. \!Ó ÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, à%e Ùe 46 Ì.Ã. ̤¯ÚÈ Î·d Ùe 726 ‰bÓ Î·-Ù·ÁÚ¿ÊËΠôÏÏË öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜. *e %Èı·ÓfiÙÂÚÔ ÂrÓ·È ì öÏÏÂÈ„Ë %ÏËÚÔÊÔ-ÚÈáÓ Óa Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ìb Ì›· Ì·ÎÚa àÓÂÓÂÚÁc %ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô. $éÙe ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁÂÖ Î·d Ùe ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ Ùɘ öÎÚË-

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi%Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

237

^" ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˜ (¿ÏÈ, (Ôf à(ÔʇÁÂÈ Ùd˜ ñ(ÂÚ‚ÔÏb˜ ÙÔÜ £ÂÔÊ¿ÓË14, â(·Ó¤Ï·-‚ ÙcÓ ô(Ô„Ë ¬ÙÈ Ôî ÓÉÛÔÈ Ùɘ (ÂÚÈԯɘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó à(e ìÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈ·Îb˜ â-ÎÚ‹ÍÂȘ. \&(È(ϤÔÓ, (ÚÔÛ‰ÈfiÚÈÛ ÙcÓ àÎÚÈ‚É ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎc ı¤ÛË ÙáÓ Ó‹ÛˆÓ £‹-Ú· ηd £ËÚ·Û›· ÛÙcÓ àÚ¯c ÙÔÜ 'ÚËÙÈÎÔÜ (ÂÏ¿ÁÔ˘˜, âÓá Û˘Ì(Ï‹ÚˆÛ ¬ÙÈ Î·ÙaÙcÓ (ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ùɘ öÎÚË͢ Ùe ÓÂÚe Ùɘ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·˜ Ûb âΛÓË ÙcÓ (ÂÚÈÔ¯c öηÈÁÂηd ‰bÓ qÙ·Ó ‰˘Ó·ÙeÓ Óa Ùe àÁÁ›ÍÂȘ15. \$(e Ùc Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ÙáÓ ‰‡Ô àÊËÁ‹ÛÂˆÓ Âr-Ó·È Âé‰È¿ÎÚÈÙÔ ¬ÙÈ Ôî ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔ(Ô›ËÛ·Ó ÎÔÈÓb˜ (ËÁ¤˜16, àÏÏa¯ˆÚd˜ Óa ö¯Ô˘Ó à(ÔϤÛÂÈ ÙcÓ å‰È·ÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜. ^" ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˜ ÂrÓ·È Î·ÙËÁÔ-ÚËÌ·ÙÈÎe˜ ó˜ (Úe˜ ÙcÓ ô(Ô„Ë ¬ÙÈ ï ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ·˜ §¤ˆÓ °ã (717-741) âͤϷ‚Âó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· Ùe ÁÂÁÔÓe˜ Ùɘ öÎÚË͢ ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜ ηd ¬ÙÈ (ÚÔ-‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈ˙fiÙ·Ó ÁÈa ÙcÓ ·åÙ›· (Ôf Ùe Âr¯Â (ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ·, ï ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ η٤-ÏËÍ ÛÙe Û˘Ì(¤Ú·ÛÌ· ¬ÙÈ ì ·åÙ›· Ùɘ ηٷÛÙÚÔÊɘ qÙ·Ó ì (ÚÔÛ·ÓËÛË ÙáÓ êÁ.

͢ ÙÔÜ 726, àÊÔÜ ÌÂÙa à(e )Ó· ÙfiÛÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· (·‡Û˘ ëÓe˜ âÓÂÚÁÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ, ‰ÈηÈ-ÔÏÔÁÂÖÙ·È Ì›· åÛ¯˘Úc öÎÚËÍË (‚Ï. FOUQUÉ, Santorin, Û. 10Ø FRIEDRICH, Fire, Û. 165).

14. ^" ÃÚ. ¡Ùԇ̷˜ Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛ ηd (·Ú¤ıÂÛ Ùa ΛÌÂÓ· Ùa ï(ÔÖ· àӷʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙcÓ ö-ÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ 1650 (DOUMAS, Eruptions, Û. 819-823). !a ΛÌÂÓ· ·éÙa Û˘ÁÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ÂrÓ·È (Ú·ÁÌ·-ÙÈÎa âӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ·. ¢›ÓÔ˘Ó ù¯È ÌfiÓÔ Ùe Îϛ̷ Ùɘ â(ԯɘ, àÏÏa âÎ(ÏËÎÙÈÎb˜ (ÂÚÈÁÚ·Êb˜ ÁÈa ÙcÓöÎÚËÍË Î·d Ùd˜ ηٷÛÙÚÔÊb˜ (Ôf (ÚÔοÏÂÛ Ùe ìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ. \$Í›˙ÂÈ Óa (·Ú·ı¤ÛÔ˘Ì ̛· à(e Ùd˜‰ÈËÁ‹ÛÂȘ: '·d â‚ÁÉÎÂÓ ¬ÏÔ˜ ï ÎfiÛÌÔ˜, ÌÈÎÚÔd ηd ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔÈ, ôÓ‰Ú˜ ηd Á˘Ó·ÖΘ à(e Ùa οÛÙÚ·ÎÈ\ à(e Ùa Û(›ÙÈ· Ìb Ù·Ö˜ ±ÁȷȘ ÂåÎfiÓ˜ Âå˜ ÙeÓ Î¿Ì(ÔÓ Ìb (ÔÏÏa ‰¿ÎÚ˘· ηd öÏÂÁ·Ó ¬ÙÈ öÊÙ·-ÛÂÓ ì Û˘ÓÙ¤ÏÂÈ· ÙÔÜ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘ ηd âÛ˘Á¯ˆÚÔÜÛ·Ó ï )Ó·˜ ÙeÓ ôÏÏÔÓ Ìb (ÔÏÏa ηd (ÈÎÚa ‰¿ÎÚ˘·(ÃÚÔÓÈÎe ¶ÂÚ›ÛÛ·˜, Û. 10Ø DOUMAS, Eruptions, Û. 820). $éÙc ì ÂåÎfiÓ· ‰bÓ (Ú¤(ÂÈ Óa à(¤¯ÂÈ Î·d(ÔÏf à(e Ùa ¬Û· ‰È·‰Ú·Ì·Ù›ÛÙËÎ·Ó (ÂÚ›(Ô˘ 900 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· (Ú›Ó, ÛÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ 726. \$ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ-¯·, Ûb ÁÚ¿ÌÌ· ÙáÓ (·(¿‰ˆÓ ηd ÙgÓ ‰ËÌÔÁÂÚfiÓÙˆÓ Ùɘ ™·ÓÙÔÚ›Ó˘ (Úe˜ ÙÔf˜ ‰ËÌÔÁ¤ÚÔÓÙ˜ Ùɘ¡¿ÍÔ˘, (ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È Ìb àÎÚ›‚ÂÈ· ì öÎÚËÍË, ì ï(Ô›· öÁÈÓ àÓÙÈÏË(Ùc ηd à(e ÙÔf˜ ηÙÔ›ÎÔ˘˜Ùɘ ¡¿ÍÔ˘ (ÃÚÔÓÈÎe ¶ÂÚ›ÛÛ·˜, Û. 11-12Ø DOUMAS, Eruptions, Û. 821). \&(›Û˘, ì öÎÚËÍË öÁÈÓÂàÓÙÈÏË(Ùc ÛÙcÓ 'Ú‹ÙË (‚Ï. $§&•%"À, ò&ÎÚËÍË £‹Ú·˜, 136-138), àÏÏa ηd ÛÙcÓ §¤ÚÔ Î·d ÙcÓ ¶¿-ÙÌÔØ Âå˜ ÙÔf˜ 1650 ÛÂ(ÙÂÌ‚Ú›̌ˆ 30 ÂñÚÈÛÎfiÌÂÓÔÈ ìÌÂÖ˜ Âå˜ ÓÉÛÔÓ §¤ÚÔÓ Î˘ÚÈ·ÎFÉ ‚Ú¿‰È â‚ÚfiÓÙ·óÛaÓ Óa (ÔÏÂÌÔÜÓ, ηd öÏÂÁ·Ó ¬ÙÈ â¯¿Ï·ÛÂÓ ï £Âe˜ ÙcÓ ™·ÓÙÔÚ‹ÓËÓØ ìÌÂÖ˜ âÚ¯fiÌÂÓÔÈ Âå˜ ¶¿-ÙÌÔÓ ÓÉÛÔÓ â„ÔÊÔÜÛ·Ó Ùa ç„¿ÚÈ· Âå˜ ÙcÓ ı¿Ï·ÛÛ·Ó à(e ÙeÓ ‚ÚáÌÔÓ Ùɘ ™·ÓÙÔÚ‹Ó˘ ηd ÙÔÜÎËÚÛ‹Ú· )ˆ˜ ÙcÓ \$Ó·ÙÔÏ‹Ó (¶$¶$¢"¶"À§"™ - '&ƒ$ª&À™, ^%ÂÚÔÛ. µÈ‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË %, (àÚ. 509, Û.459). $éÙb˜ Ôî (ÂÚÈÁÚ·Êb˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó ¬ÙÈ ÙÂÏÈο, Ôî ‰‡Ô ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔd ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ à(Ô‰›‰Ô˘Ó ÌbÌÂÁ¿ÏË àÍÈÔ(ÈÛÙ›· ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ 726.

15. ¡%'#º"ƒ"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 59. 16. ò&¯ÂÈ ñ(ÔÛÙËÚȯıÂÖ ì ô(Ô„Ë ¬ÙÈ Ôî ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔ(Ô›ËÛ·Ó )Ó· ¯ÚÔÓÈÎe ÙÔÜ

(ÚÒÙÔ˘ ÙÂÙ¿ÚÙÔ˘ ÙÔÜ #ã ·åÒÓ·, ʛϷ (ÚÔÛΛÌÂÓÔ ÛÙeÓ §¤ÔÓÙ· °ã, ηd )Ó· ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ, ÂåÎÔÓfiÊÈ-ÏÔ ¯ÚÔÓÈÎe (Ôf öÊı·Ó )ˆ˜ Ùe 769. !a ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÈÎa (·Ú·‰›‰ÔÓÙ·È (ÏËÚ¤ÛÙÂÚ· ÛÙeÓ £ÂÔÊ¿ÓËà(\ ¬,ÙÈ ÛÙeÓ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ ('$ƒ¶"*#§"™, µ˘˙. îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ› %%, Û. 67). ¶Ú‚Ï. KAZHDAN, History, Û.214-215.

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

238

ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ17, ÁÈ\ ·éÙe âÁηÈÓ›·Û Ùc ÁÓˆÛÙc ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎc öÚȉ· (726-843). \$ÓÙ›-ıÂÙ· ï £ÂÔÊ¿Ó˘ à%Ô‰¤¯ÂÙ·È Ìb ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÎÚÈÙÈÎc ‰È¿ıÂÛË à%e Ùe ¡ÈÎËÊfi-ÚÔ ÙcÓ ô%Ô„Ë ¬ÙÈ ï §¤ˆÓ °ã âͤϷ‚ ó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›ԢÙɘ £‹Ú·˜, ηd ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ¬ÙÈ ï ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ·˜ ıÂÒÚËÛ ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ó˜ %ÂÈÛÙÈ-Îc ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁ›· ÁÈa ÙcÓ öÓ·ÚÍË Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎɘ ÙÔ˘ %ÔÏÈÙÈÎɘ18. °Èa ÙeÓ £Â-ÔÊ¿ÓË %ÚˆÙ·Ú¯ÈÎc ·åÙ›· ÁÈa Ùc ÛÙ¿ÛË ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã qÙ·Ó ì â-%ÈÚÚÔc %Ôf ÙÔÜ àÛÎÔÜÛ ο%ÔÈÔ˜ µËÛ‹Ú, ÙeÓ ï%ÔÖÔ Î·d çÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÈ àÚÓËÛ›ıÂÔÓ19.¶¿ÓÙˆ˜, ì öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜ ıˆÚÂÖÙ·È à%e ÙÔf˜ ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔ-ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘˜, àÏÏa ηd à%e ÙÔf˜ Û˘Á¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ (Ù·ÜÙ¿ Ê·ÛÈÓ20) ó˜ ì àÊÔÚÌc ÙÔÜÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔÜ àÙ˘¯‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙcÓ îÛÙÔÚ›· ÙÔÜ µ˘˙·ÓÙ›Ô˘, Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·-¯›·˜. ^& Ï·˚Îɘ %ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ ëÚÌËÓ¢ÙÈÎc %ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÙÔÜ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘ (ó˜ ıÂÔ-ÛËÌ›·) ‰bÓ Î·Ï‡%ÙÂÈ Ùa %Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎa ·úÙÈ·, àÊÔÜ Ì¤¯ÚÈ Î·d Û‹ÌÂÚ· ì ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·-¯›· %·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ àηٷÓfiËÙË21.

‚. ^& ÛËÌ·Û›· Ùɘ ıÂÔÛËÌ›·˜.

^& ı¤ÛË ÙáÓ ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊˆÓ ÁÈa ÙeÓ ÙÚfi%Ô %Ôf ï §¤ˆÓ °ã âͤϷ‚ ó˜ ıÂ-Ô‰ÈΛ· ηd ÛÙc Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· %ÚÔ¤‚·Ï ó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›·22 ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ

17. ¡#'&º"ƒ"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 60Ø %Ú‚Ï. BURY, History ##, Û. 432Ø OSTROGORSKy, ^#ÛÙÔ-Ú›· ##, Û. 27.

18. £!"º$¡&™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 4051-2Ø %Ú‚Ï. '"ƒƒ!™, (e ΛÓËÌ·, 40.19. £!"º$¡&™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 4053. ^" µËÛcÚ ·å¯Ì·ÏˆÙ›ÛÙËΠà%e ÙÔf˜ ò$Ú·‚˜ ÛÙc ™˘-

Ú›· ηd àÛ%¿ÛıËΠÙe \#ÛÏ¿Ì. ¶¤Ù˘¯Â ÙÂÏÈο, Óa â%ÈÛÙÚ¤„ÂÈ ÛÙcÓ ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›·, àÏÏa ÌÂÙ¤ÊÂ-Ú %ÔÏÏb˜ à%e Ùd˜ ηÎÔ‰Ô͛˜ ÙáÓ \$Ú¿‚ˆÓ. º·›ÓÂÙ·È ¬ÙÈ ï µËÛ‹Ú, âaÓ ÙÂÏÈÎa ñ%ÉÚÍ ó˜ %Úfi-Ûˆ%Ô, Ì·˙d Ìb ÙÔf˜ ¡·ÎˆÏ›·˜ 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÖÓÔ, 'Ï·˘‰ÈÔ˘%fiψ˜ £ˆÌÄ Î·d \!ʤÛÔ˘ £ÂÔ‰fiÛÈÔÛ¯ËÌ¿ÙÈÛ·Ó Ì›· ïÌ¿‰· %Ôf ôÛÎËÛ ÛÔ‚·Úc â%ÈÚÚÔc ÛÙeÓ §¤ÔÓÙ· °ã (‚Ï. £!"º$¡&™, ÃÚÔÓÔ-ÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 402Ø %Ú‚Ï. BURY, History ##, Û. 430Ø OSTROGORSKY, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 26Ø '$ƒ$°#$¡¡"-¶"À§"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 133Ø Ãƒ#™("º#§"¶"À§"À, µ˘˙. ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· µ1, Û. 107Ø (™"ƒª¶$()"°§"À,!åÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·, Û. 142). °Èa ÙeÓ ¬ÛÈÔ £ÂÔÊ¿ÓË Ùa ıÂ̤ÏÈ· Ùɘ %ÔÏÈÙÈÎɘ ÙÔÜ %ÚÒÙÔ˘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ¿¯Ô˘·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· Âr¯·Ó àÚ·‚ÈÎc %ÚԤϢÛË (£!"º$¡&™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 406), ÁÈ\ ·éÙe ηd ÙÔÜ à-%Ô‰›‰ÂÈ ÙeÓ Ù›ÙÏÔ «Û·Ú·ÎËÓfiÊÚˆÓ» (£!"º$¡&™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 405Ø %Ú‚Ï. OSTROGORSKY,^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 26).

20. ¡#'&º"ƒ"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 60Ø %Ú‚Ï. GERO, Iconoclasm, Û. 94.21. '$ƒ$°#$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 131Ø (™"ƒª¶$()"°§"À, !åÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·, Û. 142.22. (eÓ ¬ÚÔ ıÂÔ‰ÈΛ· ÙeÓ ÂåÛ‹Á·Á ï G.-G. Leibniz (1646-1716) ηd ‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ Ùc ‰Èη›ˆÛË ÙÔÜ

£ÂÔÜ à%¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÛÙe ηÎe %Ôf ñ%¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙeÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ (BECK, µ˘˙. ÃÈÏÈÂÙ›·, Û. 499).

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi%Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

239

Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜ (ÚÔηÏÂÖ öÎ(ÏËÍË ÛÙe Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ àÓ·ÁÓÒÛÙË23. ^" §¤ˆÓ °ã â(ȯ›-ÚËÛ Óa âÎÌÂÙ·ÏÏ¢ÙÂÖ (ÔÏÈÙÈÎa Ùe Ê˘ÛÈÎe Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ, àÍÈÔ(ÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙcÓ ÂéÚ‡-ٷٷ ‰È·‰Â‰Ô̤ÓË, âΛÓË ÙcÓ â(Ô¯‹, ô(Ô„Ë, ¬ÙÈ ï £Âe˜ õıÂÏ Óa ÙÈ̈ڋÛÂÈÙÔf˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡˜24. ^" ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓe˜ qÙ·Ó âÍÔÈÎÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ Ìb ·éÙb˜ Ùd˜ 剤˜25. ^#ıÂÔÛËÌ›· ηı›ÛÙ·Ù·È Ì¤ÛÔ Î·d ùÚÁ·ÓÔ ôÛÎËÛ˘ (ÔÏÈÙÈÎɘ, Ìb Ì›· ¯Ú‹ÛË (Ôf(Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎa Í·ÊÓÈ¿˙ÂÈ. !e (·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· Ùɘ öÎÚË͢ ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜‰bÓ ÂrÓ·È Ùe ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi. !a àÎÚ·Ö· ηÈÚÈÎa Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· âÎÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·Ó àÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ-¯· ó˜ ‰ÂÖÁÌ· ıÂÔÛËÌ›·˜26. ™Ùc ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ùɘ ‚·ÛÈÏ›·˜ ÙÔÜ 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ &ã(741-775) (¿ÁˆÛ·Ó Ôî ı¿Ï·ÛÛ˜ ηd Á›Ó·Ó ‚·Ùa àÎfiÌË Î·d Ùa ÛÙÂÓa ÙÔÜ µÔ-Û(fiÚÔ˘27. !e Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ ·éÙe Ùe àÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ ̛· (ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ ÍËÚ·Û›·˜, ì ï(Ô›·Âr¯Â ó˜ Û˘Ó¤(ÂÈ· Óa ÛÙÂÚ¤„Ô˘Ó Ùa (ÔÙ¿ÌÈ·. ò$Ó ÛÙcÓ â(Ô¯‹ Ì·˜ âÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·Ó(·ÁÂÙáÓ˜ ÛÙeÓ &ûÍÂÈÓÔ ¶fiÓÙÔ, ‰bÓ ıa qÙ·Ó Ï›ÁÔÈ ·éÙÔd (Ôf ıa Âr¯·Ó àÓÙ›ıÂÙËô(Ô„Ë à(e ÙÔf˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔf˜ ÙÔÜ #ã ·åÒÓ·. ^# öÎÏÂÈ„Ë ÙÔÜ )ÏÈÔ˘ (¿ÏÈ, (ÚÔη-ÏÔÜÛ å‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ ÙÚfiÌÔ28. \&Í›ÛÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÙÚfiÌÔ (ÚÔηÏÔÜÛ ì âÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙáÓÎÔÌËÙáÓ29. !¤ÏÔ˜, ó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· âÍÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó·Ó ÙÔf˜ ÛÂÈÛÌÔ‡˜30, Ùd˜ â(ȉË̛˜ (·-

23. ¶Ú‚Ï. \$(e Ùc Ì›·, ì àÚ¯¤ÁÔÓË ‰È¿ÓÔÈ· ëÚÌ‹Ó¢ (¿ÓÙ· Ùc Û˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÎfiÙËÙ· –̤¯ÚÈ Î·dÙcÓ â(Ô¯‹ Ì·˜– ÛaÓ Ì·ÁÈÎc ·åÙÈfiÙËÙ· ηd à(e ÙcÓ ôÏÏË, ̤¯ÚÈ Î·d ηd Ùe 18Ô ·åÒÓ· ì ÊÈÏÔÛÔ-ÊÈÎc ÛΤ„Ë ñ(¤ıÂÙ ο(ÔÈ· Ì˘ÛÙÈÎc àÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ›· j ÓÔ‹ÌÔÓ· Û‡Ó‰ÂÛË àÓ¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙa Ê˘ÛÈÎa ÁÂ-ÁÔÓfiÙ· (JUNG, ™˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·, Û. 85).

24. ¶Ú‚Ï. TREADGOLD, History, Û. 387 Î.ëÍ. 25. µÏ. MANGO, Byzantium, Û. 151 Î.ëÍ. 26. ¶Ú‚Ï. §ÂÍÈÎe ™Ô˘˝‰· 1207.27. µÏ. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 434-435Ø *ø¡$ƒ$™, \&(ÈÙÔÌc ^%ÛÙÔÚÈáÓ 15, 7. \$(e ÙcÓ

ôÏÏË Î¿(ÔÈ· ηÈÚÈÎa Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ö¯Ô˘Ó ÂéÓÔ˚Îe ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ((.¯. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û.307).

28. ªÂÙa ÙcÓ Ù‡ÊψÛË ÙÔÜ 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ ™!ã (780-797), ï )ÏÈÔ˜ ‰bÓ àÓ¤ÙÂÈÏ ÁÈa ‰ÂηÂ(Ùaì̤Ú˜! (sic) µÏ. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 343Ø *ø¡$ƒ$™, \&(ÈÙÔÌc ^%ÛÙÔÚÈáÓ 15, 13.

29. ¶Ú‚Ï. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 435. ªb Ù¤ÙÔȘ âÌÊ·Ó›ÛÂȘ Û˘Ó‰˘¿ÛıËÎ·Ó ì ηٿ-ÏË„Ë Ùɘ ¶·Ï·ÈÛÙ›Ó˘ à(e ÙÔf˜ ò$Ú·‚˜ (£&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 336), ì ±ÏˆÛË Ùɘ ªÂ-ÛËÌ‚Ú›·˜ ÛÙc ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ùɘ ‚·ÛÈÏ›·˜ ÙÔÜ ªÈ¯·cÏ $ã ƒ·Á炤, 811-813 (*ø¡$ƒ$™, \&(ÈÙÔÌc ^%-ÛÙÔÚÈáÓ 15, 18), ¬(ˆ˜ ηd ì àÓ·Ó¤ˆÛË Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎɘ öÚȉ·˜ ÛÙc ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ùɘ ‚·ÛÈÏ›·˜ ÙÔܧ¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ &ã (813-820) ηd ì âͤÁÂÚÛË ÙÔÜ £ˆÌÄ (°&¡&™%"™, ¶ÂÚd µ·ÛÈÏÂÈáÓ 2, 3).

30. "î ÛÂÈÛÌÔd âÎÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·Ó ó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· (‚Ï. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 412), Ì¿ÏÈ-ÛÙ· ñ(ÉÚ¯·Ó Âå‰ÈÎÔd ëÚÌËÓ¢Ùb˜ ÙáÓ ÛÂÈÛÌáÓ, Ôî ÛÂÈÛÌÔÛÎfi(ÔÈ. +"Ù·Ó ï ªÈ¯·cÏ °ã (842-867)(ÔÏÈÔÚÎÔÜÛ Ùe ¶¿ÓÈÔ Î·Ù¿ÊÂÚ Óa ηٷϿ‚ÂÈ ÙcÓ (fiÏË ÌÂÙa à(e ÛÂÈÛÌfi, ï ï(ÔÖÔ˜ ëÚÌËÓ‡ÙË-Πó˜ ÛËÌ¿‰È )ÙÙ·˜ ÙáÓ (ÔÏÈÔÚÎÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ (°&¡&™%"™, ¶ÂÚd µ·ÛÈÏÂÈáÓ 2, 9). ™ÂÈÛÌe˜ (¿ÏÈ (Ôf ö-ÁÈÓ ÛÙcÓ ¶·Ï·ÈÛÙ›ÓË ıˆڋıËΠó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· ÁÈa ÙcÓ â(ÈÎÚ¿ÙËÛË ÙáÓ \$Ú¿‚ˆÓ (£&"º$¡#™,

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

240

ÓÒÏ˘ j Ùc Û‡Ì%ÙˆÛË â%ÂÙ›ˆÓ31.^ø˜ ¬ÚÔ˜, ì ıÂÔÛËÌ›·, Û˘Ó·ÓÙÄÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙc ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎc ÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù›·, iÓ Î·d

ÁÈa ÙÔf˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔf˜ ‰bÓ Âr¯Â %¿ÓÙ· Ùe ú‰ÈÔ %ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ32. !rÓ·È ÁÂÁÔÓe˜ ¬ÙÈÛÙe Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ùɘ ·ã ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎɘ ¯ÈÏÈÂÙ›·˜ â%ÂÍËÁÔÜÛ·Ó Ùc ıÂÔÛËÌ›· ó˜ ÙcÓ ÙÔÜ£ÂÔÜ Ì·ÓÙ›·33 ηd Ùc Û˘Ó¤‰Â·Ó ôÌÂÛ· Ìb ÙcÓ âÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙáÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎáÓ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤-ÓˆÓ34. ™ÙcÓ %ÚÔÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚË %ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹ÚÈ˙·Ó Ùa ı·‡Ì·Ù· ÙÔÜÃÚÈÛÙÔÜ Î·d âÓ Á¤ÓÂÈ Ùa ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ· %Ôf Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ìb ÙcÓ %·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔÜ ÃÚÈ-ÛÙÔÜ ÛÙeÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ, ¬%ˆ˜ ηd Ùa ı·‡Ì·Ù· ÙáÓ êÁ›ˆÓ. ^" \øÚÈÁ¤Ó˘ (185-253/4)¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ ó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· ÙcÓ âÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙÔÜ ôÛÙÚÔ˘ Ùɘ µËıÏÂ¤Ì ÛÙc Á¤ÓÓËÛËÙÔÜ ÃÚÈÛÙÔÜ35, ÙcÓ öÎÏÂÈ„Ë ÙÔÜ &ÏÈÔ˘36 ηd Ùe ÛÂÈÛÌe %Ôf àÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛÂ37 ¬Ù·Ó ïâÛÙ·˘ÚˆÌ¤ÓÔ˜ ÃÚÈÛÙe˜ %·Ú¤‰È‰Â Ùe %ÓÂÜÌ· ÙÔ˘. ^" '·ÈÛ·Ú›·˜ Ùɘ ¶·Ï·ÈÛÙ›-Ó˘ !éÛ¤‚ÈÔ˜ (260-339) à%Ô‰›‰ÂÈ ÙcÓ ú‰È· ëÚÌËÓ›· ÛÙc ÛËÌ·Û›· Ùɘ ıÂÔÛËÌ›-·˜38, ¬%ˆ˜ ηd ï ¢›‰˘ÌÔ˜ ï (˘ÊÏfi˜ (313-398)39, ï '‡ÚÚÔ˘ £ÂÔ‰ÒÚËÙÔ˜ (386-458)40, ï 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›·˜ \!%ÈÊ¿ÓÈÔ˜ (366-402)41, ηd ï ª¤Á·˜ \$ı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ (328-373)42. (c ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙÔÜ ı·‡Ì·ÙÔ˜ ö¯ÂÈ ï ¬ÚÔ˜ ηd ÁÈa ÙÔf˜ ¶·Ù¤Ú˜ Ùɘ °ã "å-ÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎɘ ™˘Ófi‰Ô˘ (431)43, ¬%ˆ˜ ηd ÁÈa ÙeÓ ±Á. \#ˆ¿ÓÓË ÙeÓ ¢·Ì·ÛÎËÓfi (%.

ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 336). !rÓ·È àÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙË ì %·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË ÙÔÜ ªÈ¯·cÏ \$ÙÙ·ÏÂÈ¿ÙË ÛÙcÓ %ÂÚÈ-ÁÚ·Êc ÙÔÜ ÛÂÈÛÌÔÜ Ùɘ 23˘ ™Â%ÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔÜ 1063. ^" ÛÂÈÛÌe˜ ÂrÓ·È ıÂÔÛËÌ›·, Ùɘ ï%Ô›·˜ ÛÎÔ-%e˜ ÂrÓ·È Óa Û˘ÓÂÙ›ÛÂÈ Î·d Óa ¯·ÏÈÓ·ÁˆÁ‹ÛÂÈ Ùa %¿ıË, àÊÔÜ ‰bÓ à%ԂϤ%ÂÈ ÛÙcÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊcÙáÓ àÓıÚÒ%ˆÓ àÏÏa ÛÙe Óa ÙÔf˜ Û˘ÓÂÙ›ÛÂÈ. ^" ú‰ÈÔ˜, ¬Ìˆ˜, â%ȯÂÈÚÂÖ ÛÙe ú‰ÈÔ ÛËÌÂÖÔ Î·d Ùc Ê˘-ÛÈÎc ëÚÌËÓ›· ÙÔÜ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘ (ª#Ã$)§ $(($§!#$()™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›·, 89).

31. *!Ó· Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ %·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÂrÓ·È ì Ù‡ÊψÛË ÙÔÜ 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ ™(ã, ì ï%Ô›· %Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔ%ÔÈ-‹ıËΠÙcÓ ú‰È· ì̤ڷ %Ôf %¤ÓÙ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· %ÚdÓ ·éÙe˜ Âr¯Â Ù˘ÊÏÒÛÂÈ ÙeÓ ıÂÖÔ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ ªˆ-ÛËϤ (£!"º$¡)™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 468Ø +ø¡$ƒ$™, \!%ÈÙÔÌc ^#ÛÙÔÚÈáÓ 15, 13).

32. µÏ. '"À'"À§!™, µ˘˙. µ›Ô˜ ηd ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi˜, Ù. $/2, Û. 123 Î.ëÍ. 33. §ÂÍÈÎe ™Ô˘˝‰· 186. 34. §ÂÍÈÎe ™Ô˘˝‰· 1207. 35. øƒ#°!¡)™, '·Ùa '¤ÏÛÔ˘ 1, 60, 20. 36. øƒ#°!¡)™, '·Ùa '¤ÏÛÔ˘ 2, 35, 9. 37. øƒ#°!¡)™, '·Ùa '¤ÏÛÔ˘ 2, 36, 18. 38. !À™!µ#"™, \!ÎÎÏ. ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· 10, 4, 5. ^" !éÛ¤‚ÈÔ˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ ó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· Ùe ÁÓˆÛÙe

¬Ú·Ì· ÙÔÜ ªÂÁ. 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ (µ›Ô˜ ª. 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ 1, 28, 13).39. ¢#¢Àª"™ (Àº§"™, ^!ÚÌËÓ›· Âå˜ ÙeÓ \!ÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙ‹ 345, 4. 40. £!"¢øƒ)("™ 'Àƒƒ"À, !å˜ Ùa ô%ÔÚ· Ùɘ ı›·˜ °Ú·Êɘ, PG 80, 760. 41. !¶#º$¡#"™ 'ø¡™($¡(#$™, ¶·Ó¿ÚÈÔÓ 1, 327, 5Ø 2, 131, 32Ø 2, 151, 8Ø 2, 278, 21Ø 2, 325, 13Ø

3, 517, 14. 42. $£$¡$™#"™ ª!°$™, \!Í‹ÁËÛȘ Âå˜ ÙÔf˜ æ·ÏÌÔ‡˜, PG 27, 128, 288, 348, 584. 43. ACO #, 15, Û. 84Ø ACO #, 16, Û. 76, 77, 78.

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi%Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

241

650-750), ¬(Ô˘ ì ıÂÔÛËÌ›· (ÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È Ìb ÙcÓ öÓÓÔÈ· ÙÔÜ ı·‡Ì·ÙÔ˜44. ^" ÙÂ-ÏÂ˘Ù·ÖÔ˜ çÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÈ ıÂÔÛË̛˜ ηd Ùa ı·‡Ì·Ù· ÙáÓ Ì·ıËÙáÓ ÙÔÜ ÃÚÈÛÙÔÜ45. ™ÙcÛËÌ·Û›·, ¬Ìˆ˜, Ùɘ ıÂÔÛËÌ›·˜ (ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Î·d ÙcÓ ÙáÓ ÌÂÏÏfiÓÙˆÓ ÁÓáÛÈÓ46,à(Ô‰›‰ÔÓÙ·˜ Ì›· ÛËÌ·Û›· (Ôf ıa â(ÂÎÙ·ıÂÖ ÙÔf˜ ë(fiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ ·åáÓ˜. °Èa ÙeӪȯ·cÏ \$ÙÙ·ÏÂÈ¿ÙË (%$ã ·å.) ì ıÂÔÛËÌ›· à(ÔÙÂÏÂÖ ÙcÓ à(fi‰ÂÈÍË Ùɘ ôÌÂÛ˘â(¤Ì‚·Û˘ ÙÔÜ £ÂÔÜ ÛÙeÓ ÎfiÛÌÔ47. ^" £Âe˜ Ûb ·éÙe Ùe Û¯ÉÌ· (·ÚÂÌ‚·›ÓÂÈ ôÌÂ-Û· ÛÙcÓ îÛÙÔÚ›· Ùɘ àÓıÚˆ(fiÙËÙ·˜. °È\ ·éÙe ηd Ìb Ùd˜ ıÂÔÛË̛˜ ÂrÓ·È ‰˘Ó·ÙeÓÓa (ÚÔ‚ÏÂÊıÔÜÓ Ùa ̤ÏÏÔÓÙ·48. !¤ÏÔ˜, ·éÙe˜ (Ôf ÙÈ̈ÚÂÖÙ·È à(e Ùe £Âe çÓÔ-Ì¿˙ÂÙ·È ıÂÔ‰›Î·ÛÙÔ˜49. ò&ÙÛÈ, Ôî (ÚÔÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ «âÎ ı›·˜ âÏϿ̄ˆ˜», (Ôf Û˘Ó-‰¤ÔÓÙ·È âÓ›ÔÙ Ìb (ÚÔÊËÙÈÎa «ıÂfiÛÙ·ÏÙ· ÛËÌÂÖ·», àÓ‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙcÓ (ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎc(ÚÔÊËÙ›·50 ηd Ì(ÔÚÔÜÓ Óa ‰È·Ù˘(ÒÓÔÓÙ·È (ÔÏÏb˜ ÊÔÚb˜ à(e ÌÔÓ·¯Ô‡˜, )Ó·¯¿ÚÈÛÌ· (Ôf à(ÔÙÂÏÂÖ ôÏψÛÙ ÔéÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎe ÁÓÒÚÈÛÌ¿ ÙÔ˘˜51. ^" ª¤Á·˜ ªÂıfi-‰ÈÔ˜ (843-847) ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ¬ÙÈ ì ÌbÓ ÁaÚ (ÚfiÁÓˆÛȘ, ÙcÓ (ÂÚd (¿ÓÙ· ÙÔÜ (ÔÈËÙÔÜÂåÛ¿ÁÂÈ â(›ÁÓˆÛÈÓ, *ÙȘ ηd Û˘Á¯ˆÚ‹Ûˆ˜ ·éÙÔÜ ö¯ÂÈ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ηd (ÚÔ·ÈÚ¤Ûˆ˜,ÙáÓ Ù̌á ·éÙÂÍÔ˘Û›̌ˆ Û˘ÓÂÎÙÈÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ê¤ÚÂÈ Ùa Û(¤ÚÌ·Ù·Ø ï ‰b (ÚÔÔÚÈÛÌfi˜, ÔéÛ˘Á¯ˆÚËÙÈÎɘ (·Ú·(ÙÒÛˆ˜, ÙcÓ ‰b ÌÂÙa (ÚÔ·ÈÚ¤Ûˆ˜ àÓıÚˆ(›Ó˘ Âé‰ÔΛ·ÓÙÔÜ (ÔÈËÙÔÜ, ÂåÛʤÚÂÈ (Úe˜ ·éÙeÓ ÙeÓ (ÚÔÔÚÈ˙fiÌÂÓÔÓ52.

&rÓ·È, (¿ÓÙˆ˜, ÁÂÁÔÓe˜ ¬ÙÈ ï ú‰ÈÔ˜ ï §¤ˆÓ °ã ηd ì àÓ¿ÚÚËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙe ıÚfi-ÓÔ Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È à(e ÙeÓ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ ªÔÓ·¯fi53, Ùe µ›Ô ÙÔÜ ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎÔÜ (·ÙÚÈ¿Ú¯Ë

44. %ø$¡¡#™ ¢$ª$™'#¡"™, ò&ΉÔÛȘ àÎÚÈ‚‹˜ 5566, 59163. ^" ±Á. \%ˆ¿ÓÓ˘ ï ¢·Ì·ÛÎËÓe˜ àÓ·-ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÛÙe (ÚfiÛˆ(Ô ÙÔÜ ÃÚÈÛÙÔÜ ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ¬ÙÈ Âx˜ Á¿Ú âÛÙÈ Î·d ï ·éÙe˜ ï ÙÔÜÙfi Ù ÎàÎÂÖÓÔJÓ õÙÔÈ £Âe˜ ηd ôÓıÚˆ(Ô˜, ηd ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÜ, Ù¿ Ù Ùɘ ıÂfiÙËÙÔ˜ ηd Ùa Ùɘ àÓıÚˆ(fiÙËÙÔ˜Ø Ùa˜ÌbÓ ÁaÚ ıÂÔÛËÌ›·˜ ì ıÂfiÙ˘ ÂåÚÁ¿˙ÂÙÔ, àÏÏ\ Ôé ‰›¯· Ùɘ Û·ÚÎfi˜, Ùa ‰b Ù·(ÂÈÓa ì Û¿ÚÍ, àÏÏ\ Ô鯈Úd˜ Ùɘ ıÂfiÙËÙÔ˜ (%ø$¡¡#™ ¢$ª$™'#¡"™, ò&ΉÔÛȘ àÎÚÈ‚‹˜ 59195).

45. %ø$¡¡#™ ¢$ª$™'#¡"™, ò&ΉÔÛȘ àÎÚÈ‚‹˜ 311Ø %ø$¡¡#™ ¢$ª$™'#¡"™, '·Ùa ¡ÂÛÙÔÚÈ·-ÓáÓ 243.

46. %ø$¡¡#™ ¢$ª$™'#¡"™, ò&ΉÔÛȘ àÎÚÈ‚‹˜ 658. 47. ª%Ã$#§ $!!$§&%$!#™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· 89.48. ª%Ã$#§ $!!$§&%$!#™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· 91 ηd 140. 49. £&"¢øƒ"™ $¡$°¡ø™!#™, \&ÎÎÏ. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›·, PG 86, 225AØ %ø$¡¡#™ ¢$ª$™'#¡"™, ¶ÂÚd

&åÎfiÓˆÓ %%%, 9054.50. ^# (ÚÔÊËÙ›· ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ûb (ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈ΋, ‰È·‚ÔÏÈÎc ηd Ê˘ÛÈÎc j Ù¯ÓÈ΋. µÏ. '"À-

¡!"Àƒ$, ¶ÚÔÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ, Û. 221. 51. '"À¡!"Àƒ$, ¶ÚÔÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ, Û. 422. 52. ª&£"¢%"™ 'ø¡™!$¡!%¡"À¶"§&ø™, \&ÁÎÒÌÈÔ êÁ. \$Á¿ı˘, 5, Û. 78-79. 53. °&øƒ°%"™ ª"¡$Ã"™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Ù. %%, Û. 735-737.

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

242

°ÂÚÌ·ÓÔÜ54, Ùc ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓË \!%ÈÛÙÔÏc ÙáÓ ÙÚÈáÓ %·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯áÓ %Úe˜ ÙeÓ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿-ÙÔÚ· £ÂfiÊÈÏÔ55, àÏÏa ηd Û˘Ó·ÊÉ Î›ÌÂÓ·, Ìb ÙcÓ %ÚfiÚÚËÛË ^!‚Ú·›ˆÓ, Ôî ï%ÔÖ-ÔÈ ÙÔÜ Âr¯·Ó %ÚÔÊËÙ‡ÛÂÈ ¬ÙÈ ıa ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿˜. ^" ú‰ÈÔ˜ ÙÔf˜ ñ%ÔÛ¯¤ıËΠÓaοÓÂÈ ¬,ÙÈ ÙÔÜ ˙ËÙÔÜÛ·Ó âaÓ %Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔ%ÔÈfiÙ·Ó ì %ÚÔÊËÙ›· ÙÔ˘˜, ηd ¬Ù·Ó ·é-Ùe Û˘Ó¤‚Ë, ·éÙÔd ÙÔÜ ˙‹ÙËÛ·Ó Óa à%ÔÌ·ÎÚ‡ÓÂÈ Ùd˜ ÂåÎfiÓ˜56. \$ÎfiÌË Î·d iÓ ì %·-Ú·%¿Óˆ àÊ‹ÁËÛË Û˘ÓÈÛÙÄ àÏÏÔ›ˆÛË ÙáÓ %Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎáÓ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙˆÓ, ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ %á˜ì %·Ú¿Ù·ÍË ÙáÓ ÂåÎÔÓfiÊÈÏˆÓ àÓÙ¤‰Ú·Û ÛÙcÓ ÊÈÏÔÂÈÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎc %ÚÔ%·Á¿Ó‰·Ùɘ ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã. !rÓ·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎe Ùe %·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÙÔÜ ÙÂ-ÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ %·ÙÚÈ¿Ú¯Ë \#ˆ¿ÓÓË !ã ÙÔÜ °Ú·ÌÌ·ÙÈÎÔÜ (837-843), ï ï-%ÔÖÔ˜ çÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ ÛÂÈÚa à%e à%ÄÙ˜, Ôî ï%ÔÖ˜ Âr¯·Ó Ùe %ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ Ùɘ ıÂÔÛË-Ì›·˜ ηd ôÌÂÛÔ ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙcÓ %ÔÏÈÙÈÎc ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙÔÜ Ì·ıËÙÉ ÙÔ˘ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· £ÂÔ-Ê›ÏÔ˘57.

Á. &a îÛÙÔÚÈÎa ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ· %Ôf àÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ·Ó ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·È-ÛÙ›Ԣ.

^" ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˜ ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ¬ÙÈ ì ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛË ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã âÎÌÂÙ·ÏχÙËÎÂÙc Ï·˚Îc àÓËÛ˘¯›· à%e ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ, ηd ñ%ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ˙ ¬ÙÈ ï £Âe˜ÙÈ̈ÚÔÜÛ ÙÔf˜ ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔf˜ ÁÈa ÙcÓ ñ%ÔÙÈı¤ÌÂÓË àÛ¤‚ÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Óa %ÚÔÛ΢ÓÔÜÓÙd˜ ÂåÎfiÓ˜58. ªb ÙeÓ ú‰ÈÔ ÙÚfi%Ô, ÛÙcÓ àÚ¯c Ùɘ ‚ã %ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎɘöÚȉ·˜ (815-843) ì %ÚÔ%·Á¿Ó‰· ÙáÓ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ¿¯ˆÓ ñ%ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ˙ ¬ÙÈ Î·ÓÂd˜ à%eÙÔf˜ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ˜ %Ôf Âr¯·Ó ñ%ÔÛÙËÚ›ÍÂÈ Ùd˜ ÂåÎfiÓ˜ ‰bÓ qÙ·Ó ı·Ì̤ÓÔ˜ ÛÙÔf˜

54. µ›Ô˜ °ÂÚÌ·ÓÔÜ, Û. 218. 55. \!%ÈÛÙÔÏc ÙáÓ ÙÚÂÈáÓ %·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯áÓ Û. 97-99, 159-163, 179-183. 56. ¶Ú‚Ï. '"À¡&"Àƒ$, ¶ÚÔÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ, Û. 435. 57. ™ÙeÓ î%%fi‰ÚÔÌÔ Ùɘ 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡%ÔÏ˘ ñ%ÉÚ¯·Ó ÙÚÂÖ˜ öÊÈ%%ÔÈ àÓ‰ÚÈ¿ÓÙ˜. ^" \#ˆ¿Ó-

Ó˘ (Ó· ‚Ú¿‰˘ çÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ ̛· ïÌ¿‰· ì ï%Ô›· %ÚÔÛ%¿ıËÛ Ìb (Ó· ¯Ù‡%ËÌ· Óa ÙÔf˜ à%ÔÎfi„ÂÈ Ùd˜ÎÂʷϤ˜. ^) Ó˘¯ÙÂÚÈÓc â%ȯ›ÚËÛË ‰bÓ ÛÙ¤ÊıËΠÌb à%fiÏ˘ÙË â%ÈÙ˘¯›·, ηıg˜ ÛÙeÓ ÙÚ›ÙÔ àÓ‰ÚÈ¿-ÓÙ· ‰bÓ à%ÔÎfi%ËΠ%Ï‹Úˆ˜ ì ÎÂÊ·Ï‹. \!Ó ÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, Ôî ôÓıÚˆ%ÔÈ ÙÔÜ \#ˆ¿ÓÓË ‰È¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ÛÙcÓ'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡%ÔÏË ¬ÙÈ â%ÚfiÎÂÈÙÔ ÁÈa ıÂÔÛËÌ›· ηd â%ȯ›ÚËÛ·Ó Óa ÙcÓ ëÚÌËÓ‡ÛÔ˘Ó (™'À§#-&*)™, ™‡ÓԄȘ V, 3, 9-34). &eÓ \"ÎÙÒ‚ÚÈÔ ÙÔÜ 831 ï \#ˆ¿ÓÓ˘ çÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ ̛· Ó¤· à%¿ÙË ì ï%Ô›·â%ÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ %ÚfiÛ¯ËÌ· ÁÈa Ùc Û‡ÏÏË„Ë ÙáÓ ìÁÂÙáÓ Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓfiÊÈÏ˘ %·Ú¿Ù·Í˘ (‚Ï. ¶$¡$°#ø&"-¶"À§"™, ªÂıfi‰ÈÔ˜, Û. 221 Î.ëÍ.).

58. ¡#')º"ƒ"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 60Ø %Ú‚Ï. TREADGOLD, History, Û. 352.

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi%Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

243

$̂Á. \$(ÔÛÙfiÏÔ˘˜. \$ÓÙÈı¤Ùˆ˜ Ôî ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ¿¯ÔÈ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ˜ Âr¯·Ó (Âı¿ÓÂÈ âÓ Âå-Ú‹ÓFË Î·d Âr¯·Ó ‰ÔÍ·ÛıÂÖ Ìb Ùd˜ ӛΘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙa (‰›· ÙáÓ Ì·¯áÓ.

™Ùe Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔÜ Î·ÏÔηÈÚÈÔÜ ÙÔÜ 726 ï §¤ˆÓ °ã Âr¯Â ‰ËÌÔÛÈÔ(ÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ Ùd˜ à(fi-„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ηd âÁηÈÓ›·Û ÙcÓ àÏÏ·Ác ÛÙcÓ âÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎc (ÔÏÈÙÈÎc Ùɘ ·éÙÔÎÚ·-ÙÔÚ›·˜, Ìb Û˘Ó¤(ÂȘ (Ôf öÁÈÓ·Ó ïÚ·Ùb˜ Ùa ë(fiÌÂÓ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·59. ª›· à(e Ùd˜ ôÌÂ-Û˜ âÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ Ùɘ ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘, àÏÏa Ìb å‰È·›ÙÂÚË Û˘Ì‚ÔÏÈÎc ÛËÌ·Û›· qÙ·Ó ì à-(ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘ÓÛË Ùɘ ÂåÎfiÓ·˜ ÙÔÜ ÃÚÈÛÙÔÜ à(e ÙcÓ Ã·ÏÎÉ ¶‡ÏË60. \$ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ ۯÂ-ÙÈÎe ‰È¿Ù·ÁÌ·, Ùe ï(ÔÖÔ à(·ÁfiÚ¢ ÙcÓ (ÚÔÛ·ÓËÛË ÙáÓ êÁ. ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ61 (Â剈ÏÈ-Îɘ Ù¯ÓÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ñ(·Ú¯Ô‡Û˘ Ùɘ ÙáÓ ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ àÓ·Ù˘(ÒÛˆ˜, Ôé ‰ÂÖ Ù·‡Ù·˜(ÚÔÛ΢ÓÂÖÓ62). !c ‰Ú·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ· âÊ·ÚÌÔÁc Ùɘ Ó¤·˜ (ÔÏÈÙÈÎɘ àÓ¤ÛÙÂÈÏ ì â(·Ó¿-ÛÙ·ÛË ÙáÓ ^&ÏÏ·‰ÈÎáÓ (\$(Ú›ÏÈÔ˜ 827)63. ^" ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˜ ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ¬ÙÈ âÍ ·åÙ›·˜Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎɘ (ÔÏÈÙÈÎɘ ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã Ôî ÙcÓ ^&ÏÏ¿‰· ηd Ùa˜ '˘ÎÏ¿‰·˜Ó‹ÛÔ˘˜ ÔåÎÔÜÓÙ˜ Ôé (ÚÔÛȤÌÂÓÔÈ Ùe ‰˘ÛÛ¤‚ËÌ· (Úe˜ ÙeÓ ‚·ÛÈϤ· ‰È·ÛÙ·ÛÈ¿-˙Ô˘ÛÈ64. !cÓ ìÁÂÛ›· Ùɘ â(·Ó¿ÛÙ·Û˘ àӤϷ‚ ο(ÔÈÔ˜ 'ÔÛÌĘ, ï ï(ÔÖÔ˜ ηdàÓ·ÁÔÚ‡ıËΠ‚·ÛÈÏÈ¿˜. "î â(·Ó·Ûٿ٘ (ÔÏÈfiÚÎËÛ·Ó Ùc µ·ÛÈÏÂ‡Ô˘Û· ÌbÛÙÚ·Ùe ηd Ó·˘ÙÈÎfi, àÏÏa à(¤Ù˘¯·Ó Óa ÙcÓ Î·Ù·Ï¿‚Ô˘Ó âÍ ·åÙ›·˜ Ùɘ âÎÙÂٷ̤-Ó˘ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÙÔÜ ñÁÚÔÜ (˘Úfi˜, Ùe ï(ÔÖÔ Î·Ù¤ÛÙÚ„ Ùe Ó·˘ÙÈÎe ÙáÓ ÛÙ·ÛÈ·-

59. µÏ. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 4054-5Ø (Ú‚Ï. BURY, History %%, Û. 432Ø VASILIEV, ^%ÛÙÔ-Ú›· %%, Û. 320Ø '$ƒ$°%$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· %%, Û. 133Ø '"ƒƒ&™, !e ΛÓËÌ·, 40.

60. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 4058Ø °ƒ#°"ƒ%"™ µã ƒøª#™, $ã \&(ÈÛÙÔÏ‹ 218-228Ø (Ú‚Ï.BURY, History %%, Û. 432Ø VASILIEV, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· II, Û. 320Ø OSTROGORSKY, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· II, Û. 27Ø GERO,Iconoclasm, Û. 94Ø '$ƒ$°%$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· %%, Û. 133Ø Ãƒ%™!"º%§"¶"À§"À, µ˘˙. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›·µ1, Û. 108Ø '"ƒƒ&™, !e ΛÓËÌ·, 40-41Ø TREADGOLD, History, Û. 352. ^" ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˜ ‰bÓ Î·Ù·ÁÚ¿-ÊÂÈ ·éÙe Ùe ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜. ^" ‚ÈÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜ ÙÔÜ êÁ. ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¡¤Ô˘ Ùe ÙÔ(ÔıÂÙÂÖ ÌÂÙa ÙcÓ à(ÔÌ¿-ÎÚ˘ÓÛË ÙÔÜ °ÂÚÌ·ÓÔÜ à(e ÙeÓ (·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯ÈÎe ıÚfiÓÔ, ηd ‰È·ÛÒ˙ÂÈ ÙcÓ (ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›· ÁÈa Ùd˜ àÓÙÈ-‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ÙáÓ Á˘Ó·ÈÎáÓ Ùɘ 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡(ÔÏ˘ (µ›Ô˜ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¡¤Ô˘ 10), ÁÈa Ùd˜ ï(ÔÖ˜ ïηıËÁËÙc˜ '·Ú·ÁÈ·ÓÓfi(Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ıˆÚÂÖ ¬ÙÈ ‰bÓ (Ú¤(ÂÈ Óa âÎÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ó˜ ·éıfiÚÌËÙ˜, àÏÏa¬ÙÈ ñ(Éگ çÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓË àÓÙÈ(Ôϛ٢ÛË âÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã ('$ƒ$°%$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›·%%, Û. 133-134Ø (Ú‚Ï. '"ƒƒ&™, !e ΛÓËÌ·, 41). µ¤‚·È· ‰bÓ Ï›(Ô˘Ó Î·d Ôî à(fi„ÂȘ ¬ÛˆÓ ñ(ÔÛÙË-Ú›˙Ô˘Ó ¬ÙÈ ì àÊ‹ÁËÛË ÙáÓ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙˆÓ Ùɘ ÷ÏÎɘ ¶‡Ï˘ (ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È à(e ÂåÎÔÓfiÊÈÏÔ˘˜ ·ÎÏÔ˘˜.µÏ. ¶$¡$°%ø!"¶"À§"™, ªÂıfi‰ÈÔ˜, Û. 394-395.

61. ANASTOS, Leo III’s Edict, 5-41. 62. µ›Ô˜ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¡¤Ô˘ 9. 63. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 40519Ø (Ú‚Ï. BURY, History %%, Û. 437-438Ø VASILIEV, ^%ÛÙÔ-

Ú›· %%, Û. 321Ø OSTROGORSKY, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· %%, Û. 27Ø '$ƒ$°%$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· %%, Û. 134Ø Ãƒ%™!"-º%§"¶"À§"À, µ˘˙. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· µ1, Û. 108-109Ø '"ƒƒ&™, !e ΛÓËÌ·, 39-49.

64. ¡%'#º"ƒ"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 60Ø £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 40514-20.

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

244

ÛÙáÓ65. !rÓ·È %ÚÔÊ·Ób˜ ¬ÙÈ Î·d Ôî â%·Ó·Ûٿ٘ ëÚÌ‹ÓÂ˘Û·Ó ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ì-Ê·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜ ó˜ ıÂÔÛËÌ›· %Ôf âÓ›Û¯˘Â Ùc ÛÙ¿ÛË ÙÔ˘˜, âÓá öÏ·‚·Ó Û·-Êᘠı¤ÛË ñ%bÚ Ùɘ %ÚÔÛ·ÓËÛ˘ ÙáÓ êÁ. ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ66. &"%ˆ˜ ÂrÓ·È Ê˘ÛÈÎe Ûb ·é-Ùb˜ Ùd˜ %ÂÚÈ%ÙÒÛÂȘ, ì οı %Ï¢Úa %ÈÛÙ‡ÂÈ ¬ÙÈ ï £Âe˜ ÂrÓ·È Ìb Ùe ̤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘67.

^" §¤ˆÓ °ã ÌÂÙa ηd ÙcÓ à%ÔÙ˘¯›· Ùɘ ÂåÛ‚ÔÏɘ ÙáÓ \$Ú¿‚ˆÓ ÛÙc ª. \$Û›-·68, àÓ·Ó¤ˆÛ ÙcÓ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎc %ÔÏÈÙÈÎc ηd à%·›ÙËÛ à%e ÙeÓ ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎe%·ÙÚÈ¿Ú¯Ë °ÂÚÌ·Ófi (715-730)69 Óa à%ԉ¯ıÂÖ ÙcÓ Î·ı·›ÚÂÛË ÙáÓ êÁ. ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ70.^" %¿%·˜ °ÚËÁfiÚÈÔ˜ µã (715-731) Âr¯Â Ï¿‚ÂÈ õ‰Ë ı¤ÛË ÛÙe ı¤Ì·. ^' ôÚÓËÛË ÙÔÜ%·ÙÚÈ¿Ú¯Ë Óa à%ԉ¯ıÂÖ Ùd˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· ÁËÛ ÛÙcÓ âÎıÚfiÓÈÛ‹ÙÔ˘71. ^" ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÌÈÎe˜ %·ÙÚȿگ˘ °ÂÚÌ·Óe˜ $ã âÎÂÖıÂÓ â%d ÙeÓ %·ÙÚÈÎeÓ Ôr-ÎÔÓ ÁÂÓfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ·éÙÔÜ ÙeÓ Ùɘ ˙ˆÉ˜ ‚ÈÔÙ‡ˆÓ ‰ÈÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ ¯ÚfiÓÔÓ72. (eÓ °ÂÚÌ·Óe

65. £!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 40520-21. ^" ‰ÈÂΉÈÎËÙc˜ ÙÔÜ ıÚfiÓÔ˘ )ÔÛÌĘ ηd ï âÎ ÙáÓ ì-ÁÂÙáÓ Ùɘ â%·Ó¿ÛÙ·Û˘ ™Ù¤Ê·ÓÔ˜ Û˘ÓÂÏ‹ÊıËÛ·Ó Î·d à%ÔÎÂÊ·Ï›ÛıËηÓ, âÓá ï ôÚ¯ÔÓÙ·˜ \$Á·Ï-ÏÈ·Ófi˜, ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙc˜ ÙáÓ ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈÎáÓ ‰˘Ó¿ÌˆÓ, %ÚÔÙ›ÌËÛ Óa ·éÙÔÎÙÔÓ‹ÛÂÈ. µÏ. ¡#)'º"ƒ"™, ^#-ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 60Ø £!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 40522-24Ø %Ú‚Ï. )$ƒ$°#$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›·##, Û. 134Ø )"ƒƒ!™, (e ΛÓËÌ·, 42-49.

66. ¶Ú‚Ï. TREADGOLD, History, Û. 352.67. TREADGOLD, History, Û. 388. ^' âÎ £ÂÔÜ %ÚfiÚÚËÛË Ì%ÔÚÂÖ Óa ıˆÚËıÂÖ ¬ÙÈ %ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ

Ìb ÙeÓ Ì·Ó‰‡· Ùɘ ÓÔÌÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙcÓ ôÓÔ‰Ô ÛÙcÓ âÍÔ˘Û›· ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· âΛÓÔ˘ %Ôf àÓÉÏıÂÛÙeÓ ıÚfiÓÔ ù¯È ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈÎá̌ ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·ÙÈ, àÏÏa Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ *ÛÙÂÚ· à%e Ì›· â%·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË ()"À-¡("Àƒ$, ¶ÚÔÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ, Û. 422-423). ¶Ú‚Ï. ª$°ƒ#¶§'™, ™¯¤ÛÂȘ, Û. 64 Î.ëÍ. µ¤‚·È·, çÊ›ÏÔ˘Ì ÓaÛËÌÂÈÒÛÔ˘Ì ¬ÙÈ ì ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈÎ̌á ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·ÙÈ ‰È·‰Ô¯c ÛÙc µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓc $éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›· qÙ·Ó âıË-ÌÈÎc %·Ú¿‰ÔÛË Î·d ù¯È ıÂÛÌÈ΋ (‚Ï. º!#¢$™, µ˘˙¿ÓÙÈÔ, Û. 143 Î.ëÍ.).

68. £!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 406Ø %Ú‚Ï. )$ƒ$°#$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 124.69. ™($Àƒ#$¡"™, °ÂÚÌ·Ófi˜, Û. 19 Î.ëÍØ STEIN, Germanos, Û. 5-21Ø Tusculum 285-286.70. °ƒ'°"ƒ#"™ µã ƒøª'™, $ã ηd µã \!%ÈÛÙÔÏ‹. µÂ‚·›ˆ˜ ì ·éıÂÓÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙáÓ â%ÈÛÙÔÏáÓ

âÌÊÈÛ‚ËÙÂÖÙ·È, àÏÏa ÂrÓ·È ÁÂÁÔÓe˜ ¬ÙÈ Ôî â%ÈÛÙÔÏb˜ ‰È·ÛÒ˙Ô˘Ó Ùe ÎÏÖÌ· âΛӢ Ùɘ â%ԯɘ.¶Ú‚Ï. GOUILLARD, Aux origines de l’Iconoclasme, 243-307Ø VASILIEV, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 320-321ØTREADGOLD, History, Û. 353Ø )$ƒ$°#$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 135.

71. µ›Ô˜ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¡¤Ô˘ 10Ø %Ú‚Ï. VASILIEV, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 321Ø GERO, Iconoclasm, Û. 95.72. ¡#)'º"ƒ"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 62Ø %Ú‚Ï. TREADGOLD, History, Û. 353Ø Ãƒ#™("º#§"¶"À-

§"À, µ˘˙. ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· µ1, Û. 110Ø ™($Àƒ#$¡"™, °ÂÚÌ·Ófi˜, Û. 34-45. ^" ¬ÛÈÔ˜ £ÂÔÊ¿Ó˘ ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂȬÙÈ ï ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎe˜ %·ÙÚȿگ˘ °ÂÚÌ·Óe˜ à%ÂÏıgÓ âÓ Ù̌á ÏÂÁÔ̤Ó̌ˆ ¶Ï·Ù·Ó›̌ˆ Âå˜ ÙeÓ ÁÔÓÈÎeÓ·éÙÔÜ ÔrÎÔÓ ìÛ‡¯·ÛÂÓ (£!"º$¡'™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 4099-10). ^" µ›Ô˜ ÙÔÜ êÁ. ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¡¤-Ô˘ ÌĘ %ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÂÖ ¬ÙÈ ï °ÂÚÌ·Óe˜ à%ÔÌ·ÎÚ‡ÓıËΠ‚È·›ˆ˜ à%e Ùe %·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯ÂÖÔ Î·d âÍ·Ó·Áο-ÛıËΠÓa ηÚÂÖ ÌÔÓ·¯fi˜ (µ›Ô˜ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¡¤Ô˘ 10). °ÂÓÈÎa â%ÈÎÚ·ÙÂÖ ì ô%Ô„Ë ¬ÙÈ %¤ı·ÓÂÌÂÙa Ùe 733 ÛÙc ÌÔÓc Ùɘ ÃÒÚ·˜ (‚Ï. MANGO, Nikephoros, Û. 213Ø %Ú‚Ï. BERCHIN, ªÂÛ·›ˆÓ·˜,Û. 214), ¬%Ô˘ ηd ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó Ùe Û΋ӈ̿ ÙÔ˘ (‚Ï. µ›Ô˜ ªÈ¯·cÏ ™˘ÁΤÏÏÔ˘ 29, Û. 108) ̤¯ÚÈ Ùe

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi%Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

245

‰È·‰¤¯ıËΠï Û‡ÁÎÂÏÏfi˜ ÙÔ˘ \$Ó·ÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ˜73 (730-754), àÛ‚›·˜ ¯ÂÈÚd ÙcÓ àÚ¯È-ÂÚˆÛ‡ÓËÓ â(ÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈÎᘠηd Ôé „‹Êˇ̂ £ÂÔÜ ÂéÛ‚›·˜Ø ¬ÛÙȘ ÙaÙɘ âÎÎÏËÛ›·˜ (¿ÓÙ· ÙÔÖ˜ ‚·ÛÈÏ›ÔȘ (ÚÔ¤‰ˆÎÂÓ74. ^# ‰Ú·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ· âÊ·ÚÌÔÁc ÙɘÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎɘ (ÔÏÈÙÈÎɘ ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã â(¤ÊÂÚ ‰ÈÒÍÂȘ Ûb ¬ÛÔ˘˜ qÙ·Ó àÓÙ›-ıÂÙÔÈ (Úe˜ ÙcÓ â(›ÛËÌË âÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎc (ÔÏÈÙÈÎc Ùɘ ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘75.

‰. ™˘Ì(ÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·.

"î (ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÙáÓ ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊˆÓ ÁÈa ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ£‹Ú·˜ ηٷ‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ¬ÙÈ ÛÙd˜ àÚ¯b˜ ÙÔÜ #ã ·åÒÓ· Ùe $åÁ·ÖÔ à(ÔÙÂÏÔÜÛ ˙ˆ-ÙÈÎe ¯áÚÔ ÁÈa ÙcÓ ÔåÎÔÓÔÌÈÎc ηd ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈÎc ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ· Ùɘ ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›-·˜. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ·, ì à(ÒÏÂÈ· Ùɘ Ó·˘ÙÈÎɘ ñ(ÂÚԯɘ ÙáÓ \$Ú¿‚ˆÓ ÌÂÙa ÙcÓ Î·Ù·-ÛÙÚÔÊc ÙÔÜ ÛÙfiÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙcÓ (ÔÏÈÔÚΛ· Ùɘ 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ‡(ÔÏ˘ Ùe 717-71876,Û˘ÓÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ ÛÙcÓ ·ûÍËÛË ÙáÓ ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ì¤Ûˆ ÙáÓ ı·Ï·ÛÛ›ˆÓ ï‰áÓ ÙÔÜ $å-Á·›Ô˘.

!e â(ÂÈÛfi‰ÈÔ ÛÙc ÷ÏÎÉ ¶‡ÏË ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÂÖ ÙcÓ â(›ÛËÌË öÓ·ÚÍË Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔ-Ì·¯ÈÎɘ öÚȉ·˜, ηd Û˘Ó¤‚Ë ÌÂÙa ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜. \&Óáï ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎe˜ (·ÙÚȿگ˘ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˜ ‰bÓ àӷʤÚÂÈ Ù›(ÔÙ· ÁÈa Ùa ¬Û· ‰È·-‰Ú·Ì·Ù›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙc ÷ÏÎÉ ¶‡ÏË, ÙÔ(ÔıÂÙÂÖ Ùa ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ· Ùɘ âÎıÚfiÓÈÛ˘ ÙÔÜ°ÂÚÌ·ÓÔÜ ÙÚ›· Ìb Ù¤ÛÛÂÚ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÌÂÙa ÙcÓ öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ77. \$ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·ï £ÂÔÊ¿Ó˘ ïÚÈÔıÂÙÂÖ Ùa ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ· ÛÙc ÷ÏÎÉ ¶‡ÏË ÛÙeÓ âӉȿÌÂÛÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ.'·Ùa Û˘Ó¤(ÂÈ· ì öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùe 726 ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÂÖ ê(ÏᘠÙc ‰ËÌÔÛÈ-Ô(Ô›ËÛË ÙáÓ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎáÓ à(fi„ÂˆÓ ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜78.

1204. µ¤‚·È· Ôî (ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÁÈa ÙeÓ ÙÚfi(Ô ı·Ó¿ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂrÓ·È àÓÙÈÎÚÔ˘fiÌÂÓ˜. ^" µ›Ô˜ ÙÔÜ ªÈ-¯·cÏ ™˘ÁΤÏÏÔ˘ ‰¤¯ÂÙ·È ¬ÙÈ ï ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎe˜ (·ÙÚȿگ˘ °ÂÚÌ·Óe˜ ÎÔÈÌ‹ıËΠâÓ '˘Ú›̌ˆ ÛÙcªÔÓc Ùɘ ÃÒÚ·˜ ¬(Ô˘ ηd (·Ú¤ÌÂÈÓ Ùe Û΋ӈ̿ ÙÔ˘ (µ›Ô˜ ªÈ¯·cÏ ™˘ÁΤÏÏÔ˘ 29 ηd 38).\$ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· ôÏϘ (ËÁb˜ ÙeÓ Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ó ó˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú· Ùɘ ·ã (ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎɘ öÚȉ·˜ (‚Ï.¶$¡$°%ø!"¶"À§"™, ªÂıfi‰ÈÔ˜, Û. 161).

73. ROCHOW, Anastasios, Û. 22-29Ø °&¢&ø¡, ¶·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯ÈÎÔd (›Ó·Î˜, Û. 169-171. 74. µ›Ô˜ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¡¤Ô˘ 10Ø (Ú‚Ï. £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 4082. 75. ¡%'#º"ƒ"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 62Ø £&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 4055-14Ø µ›Ô˜ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘

ÙÔÜ ¡¤Ô˘ 11. 76. '$ƒ$°%$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· %%, Û. 120-121.77. ¶Ú‚Ï. '$ƒ¶")#§"™, µ˘˙. îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ›, Û. 156.78. '$ƒ¶")#§"™, µ˘˙. îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ›, Û. 156.

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

246

\$ÛÊ·ÏᘠÔî ^!ÏÏ·‰ÈÎÔd ÛÙcÓ â%·Ó¿ÛÙ·Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜ %ÚÔÛ%¿ıËÛ·Ó Óa âÎÌÂÙ·Ï-Ï¢ÙÔÜÓ %ÔÏÈÙÈÎa ñ%¤Ú ÙÔ˘˜ ÙcÓ %·Ú¿Ù·ÍË ¬ÛˆÓ qÙ·Ó àÓÙ›ıÂÙÔÈ ÛÙcÓ âÎÎÏËÛÈ·-ÛÙÈÎc %ÔÏÈÙÈÎc ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã, iÓ Î·d ‰bÓ %Ú¤%ÂÈ Óa Âr¯Â Á›ÓÂÈ àÎfiÌË Î·Ù·ÓÔ-ËÙe Ùe ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ Ùɘ %·Ú¤ÎÎÏÈÛ˘ ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙ·, àÊÔÜ, ¬%ˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È, Ôî %ÂÚÈÛÛfi-ÙÂÚÔÈ Ùe âÍÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó·Ó ó˜ %ÚÔÛˆ%ÈÎb˜ à%fi„ÂȘ ÙÔf ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔ˘ÚÈÎÔÜ %ÂÚÈ‚¿Ï-ÏÔÓÙÔ˜. ^& ÓÂÒÙÂÚË öÚ¢ӷ àÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÛ ÙÔf˜ %·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜, Ôî ï%ÔÖÔÈ à%Ô‰¤-¯ÔÓÙ·Ó à%Ôχو˜ Ùc ı¤ÛË ÙáÓ ¯ÚÔÓÔÁڿʈÓ, ¬ÙÈ ì â%·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË à%ÔÙÂÏÔÜÛ à-ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË ÛÙcÓ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎc %ÔÏÈÙÈÎc ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã. µ¤‚·È·, çÊ›ÏÔ˘Ì ÓaÛËÌÂÈÒÛÔ˘Ì ¬ÙÈ Ôî â%·Ú¯›Â˜ ÙÔÜ ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔÜ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Ùɘ ¯ÂÚÛÔÓ‹ÛÔ˘ ÙÔÜ $¥-ÌÔ˘ â%¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó Û·ÊᘠàÓÙÈÂÈÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎc ÛÙ¿ÛË, ηd ôÓ Ìc Ùd ôÏÏÔ ì ‰Ú·ÛÙ‹ÚÈ·Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙc ÛÙ¿ÛË ÙÔÜ £ˆÌÄ, ï ï%ÔÖÔ˜ àÓÙÈÛÙÔ›¯ˆ˜ â%ȯ›ÚËÛ Óa â-ÎÌÂÙ·ÏÏ¢ÙÂÖ Ùc ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎc Ùɘ àÓÙÈÂÈÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎɘ %·Ú¿Ù·Í˘, à%Ôηχ%ÙÂÈ ÙcÛ˘ÓÂ%É ı¤ÛË ÙáÓ â%·Ú¯ÈáÓ ·éÙáÓ ñ%bÚ Ùɘ %ÚÔÛ·ÓËÛ˘ ÙáÓ î. ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ. ™˘ÓÂ-%á˜ ì ‰È‹ÁËÛË ÙÔÜ £ÂÔÊ¿ÓË Î·d ÙÔÜ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˘ ‰bÓ %Ú¤%ÂÈ Óa à%¤¯ÂÈ Î·d %Ô-Ïf à%e ÙcÓ îÛÙÔÚÈÎc àÏ‹ıÂÈ·. ò$ÏψÛÙ ì îÛÙÔÚÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙáÓ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙˆÓ ‰bÓ Ârӷȉ˘Ó·ÙeÓ Óa àÌÊÈÛ‚ËÙËıÂÖ, %·Úa Ùe ÁÂÁÔÓe˜ ¬ÙÈ Ôî ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ öÁÚ·„·Ó%ÔÏÏb˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ àÚÁfiÙÂÚ·79.

"î à%fi„ÂȘ %Ôf ‰È·Ù‡%ˆÛ·Ó Ôî ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔd ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ Î·d îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔd ÁÈaÙa ·úÙÈ· Ùɘ !åÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·˜, %ÔÈΛÏÔ˘Ó80. '"%ˆ˜ ÛËÌÂÈÒÛ·ÌÂ, ï ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎe˜%·ÙÚȿگ˘ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˜ àӷʤÚÂÈ ¬ÙÈ ì %ÚÔ·Ó·ÊÂÚıÂÖÛ· öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜ ìÊ·ÈÛÙ›-Ô˘ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜ qÙ·Ó ì àÊÔÚÌc ÁÈa ÙcÓ öÓ·ÚÍË Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎɘ öÚȉ·˜, ¯ˆÚd˜¬Ìˆ˜ Óa %ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÈ Ùa àÎÚÈ‚É Î·Ù\ ·éÙeÓ ·úÙÈ·81. (cÓ %ÏËÚÔÊÔÚ›· â%Ȃ‚·È-ÒÓÂÈ Î·d ï £ÂÔÊ¿Ó˘82. \$ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, Ôî ÌÂÙ·ÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚÔÈ ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ ëÚÌ‹ÓÂ˘Û·Ó‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎa Ùa ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ·. °Èa ÙeÓ )ˆÓ·ÚÄ ‚·ÛÈÎc ·åÙ›· Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·˜ ñ-%ÉÚÍ ì â%ÈÚÚÔc %Ôf ôÛÎËÛ·Ó ‰‡Ô ^!‚Ú·ÖÔÈ à%·ÙÂáÓ˜ ÛÙeÓ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· §¤-ÔÓÙ· °ã83. !rÓ·È %ÚÔÊ·Ób˜ ¬ÙÈ ï )ˆÓ·ÚĘ à%Ô‰›‰ÂÈ ÙcÓ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›· Ûb åÔ˘‰·˚-

79. ¶Ú‚Ï. *"À¡("Àƒ$, ¶ÚÔÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ, Û. 423. (fiÛÔ ï \$ÚÙ¿‚·Û‰Ô˜ ¬ÛÔ Î·d ï £ˆÌĘ ÁÈa Óa%ÚÔÛÂÙ·ÈÚÈÛıÔÜÓ Ùe Ï·e Ùɘ ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›·˜ ñ%ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍ·Ó ÙeÓ àÁÒÓ· ñ%bÚ ÙáÓ êÁ. ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ (‚Ï.*"ƒƒ!™, (e ΛÓËÌ·, 39Ø Ãƒ#™("º#§"¶"À§"À, µ˘˙. ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· µ1, Û. 112).

80. µÏ. BURY, History ##, Û. 428-438Ø VASILIEV, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 313-319Ø OSTROGORSKY, ^#ÛÙÔ-Ú›· ##, Û. 26-27Ø *$ƒ$°#$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ##, Û. 131-133Ø *"ƒƒ!™, (e ΛÓËÌ·, 48-49Ø (™"ƒ-ª¶$()"°§"À, !åÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·, Û. 249 Î.ëÍ.

81. ¡#*&º"ƒ"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ 60. 82. £!"º$¡&™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·, Û. 405. 83. $éÙÔd Ôî ^!‚Ú·ÖÔÈ åÛ¯˘Ú›˙ÔÓÙ·Ó ¬ÙÈ qÙ·Ó Ì¿ÓÙÂȘ. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ·, Ôî ú‰ÈÔÈ ñ%ÉÚÍ·Ó ì ·åÙ›· ÁÈa

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi%Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

247

Îb˜ â(ÈÚÚÔ¤˜, àÏÏa ì (Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎc ·åÙ›· Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·˜ qÙ·Ó ì â(Èı˘Ì›· ÙÔܧ¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã Óa (ÂÚÈÔÚ›ÛÂÈ Ùd˜ àÎÚ·Ö˜ âΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Ùɘ Ï·˚Îɘ ÂéÛ¤‚ÂÈ·˜, ì ï-(Ô›· ÌÂÙ¤ıÂÙ Ùc χÛË ¬ÏˆÓ ÙáÓ (ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙc ı·˘Ì·ÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎc â(¤Ì‚·ÛËÙáÓ î. ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ84. &rÓ·È (ÚÔÊ·Ób˜ ¬ÙÈ Ôî µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔd ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ â(ÈÎÂÓÙÚÒ-ÓÔ˘Ó Ùd˜ ·åÙÈ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙe (ÚfiÛˆ(Ô ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã. $éÙe ÌĘ (›ıÂÈ ¬ÙÈ ùÓÙˆ˜ì àÚ¯ÈÎc ·åÙ›· Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·˜ qÙ·Ó ì ηÎÔ‰ÔÍ›· ÙÔÜ ú‰ÈÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔ-Ú·85. ^" §¤ˆÓ °ã ηd Ùe ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈÎe (ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÙÔ˘ Âr¯·Ó Û¯ËÌ·Ù›ÛÂÈ ÙcÓ ÂåÎfi-Ó· ¬ÙÈ Ôî wÙÙ˜ ÙáÓ ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓáÓ qÙ·Ó à(ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ı›·˜ ÙÈ̈ڛ·˜. ^# öÎÚËÍË ÙÔÜìÊ·ÈÛÙ›Ԣ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜ âÍÂÏ‹ÊıË ó˜ ÛËÌ¿‰È Ùɘ ı›·˜ çÚÁɘ. ^# ‰È·Ù‡(ˆÛË ÙáÓÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯ÈÎáÓ à(fi„ÂˆÓ ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚÈÎÔÜ (ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ ηd ì àÏÏ·Ác ÙɘâÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎɘ (ÔÏÈÙÈÎɘ, (ÚdÓ à(e ÙcÓ à(fiÎÚÔ˘ÛË ÙáÓ \$Ú¿‚ˆÓ ÛÙcÓ (ÔÏÈÔÚ-Λ· Ùɘ ¡›Î·È·˜, â(Ȃ‚·›ˆÛ ÛÙc ÛΤ„Ë ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã Ùe àÚ¯ÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ì(¤-Ú·ÛÌ· ¬ÙÈ Ôî wÙÙ˜ qÙ·Ó à(ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ı›·˜ ÙÈ̈ڛ·˜. ò&ÙÛÈ, ì â(È‚ÔÏc Ùɘ ÂåÎÔ-ÓÔÌ·¯›·˜ ÎÚ›ıËΠηd ΢ڛˆ˜ (ÚÔ‚Ï‹ıËΠó˜ ì ÌfiÓË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÛˆÙËÚ›·˜ ÙÔÜÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜. ^" ú‰ÈÔ˜ ï §¤ˆÓ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ¬ÙÈ ‰bÓ ÙÈÌÔÜÛ Ùc £ÂÔÙfiÎÔ Î·d ÙÔf˜ êÁ›Ô˘˜,âÓá ‰bÓ à(ԉ¯fiÙ·Ó Ùa ±ÁÈ· Ï›„·Ó·. "î (ÚÔÛˆ(ÈÎb˜ à(fi„ÂȘ ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔ-Ú· ηı›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È Ìb ·éÙeÓ ÙeÓ ÙÚfi(Ô ı¤ÛË ÙÔÜ ÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜.

"î à(fi„ÂȘ ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ ÙfiÛÔ ÁÈa Ùc ı¤ÛË ÙÔÜ ·éÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· ¬ÛÔ Î·d ÁÈa Ùe(ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ Ùɘ âÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎɘ âÍÔ˘Û›·˜ (‚·ÛÈÏÂf˜ ηd îÂÚ‡˜ ÂåÌÈ86), Û·Êá˜(·Ú·‚›·˙·Ó Ùd˜ ηıÂÛÙˆÙÈÎb˜ àÚ¯b˜ Ùɘ ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›·˜ ηd ï‰ËÁÔÜÛ·Ó Ûb Ì›·àÏÏÔ›ˆÛË ÙáÓ (Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎáÓ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ùɘ οı âÍÔ˘Û›·˜87. ^# ıÂÛÌÈÎc ηd å-

Óa ÍÂÛ(¿ÛÂÈ ‰ÈˆÁÌe˜ ηÙa ÙáÓ ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓáÓ Î·d ÙáÓ ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ ÛÙd˜ àÚ·‚ÔÎÚ·ÙÔ‡ÌÂÓ˜ âÎÎÏËۛ˜.ÃÚfiÓÈ· àÚÁfiÙÂÚ·, âÎÌÂÙ·ÏÏ¢fiÌÂÓÔÈ ÙcÓ â(ÈÚÚÔ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙeÓ §¤ÔÓÙ· ÙeÓ ö(ÂÈÛ·Ó Óa àÚ¯›ÛÂÈ ÌbÙc ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈˆÁÌe ηÙa ÙáÓ ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ ()ø¡$ƒ$™, \&(ÈÙÔÌc ^%ÛÙÔÚÈáÓ 15, 2). &rÓ·È (¿ÓÙˆ˜, ÁÂ-ÁÔÓe˜ ¬ÙÈ ï ¯·Ï›Ê˘ \%˙›‰ µã (720-724) Âr¯Â (ÚÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÂÈ Ûb à(·ÁfiÚ¢ÛË àÓ¿ÚÙËÛ˘ ÙáÓ î. ÂåÎfi-ÓˆÓ ÛÙÔf˜ ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎÔf˜ Ó·Ô‡˜ (‚Ï. Ã%™!"º%§"¶"À§"À, µ˘˙. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· µ1, Û. 108Ø !™"ƒª¶$-!)"°§"À, &åÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·, Û. 140).

84. º&%¢$™, \&ÎÎÏ. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· %, Û. 773.85. $éÙc ì Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ· ı¤ÛˆÓ, ï‰ËÁÂÖ ÙeÓ Î·ıËÁËÙc µÏ¿ÛÈÔ ºÂÈ‰Ä Óa (·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈ àÓ·ÁÓˆ-

Ú›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ùe ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔÁÂÓÉ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ¬ÏˆÓ ÙáÓ ‰È·Ù˘(Ôı¤ÓÙˆÓ ·åÙ›ˆÓ, ¬ÙÈ (Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ, ηÙa ÙcÓ â-ͤÏÈÍ‹ Ù˘ qÙ·Ó àÓ·(fiÊ¢ÎÙ˜ ïÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂéÓfiËÙ˜ (ÔÏÈÙÈΤ˜, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜, ıÂÛÌÈΤ˜, âÎÎÏËÛÈ·-ÛÙÈΤ˜, ıÂÔÏÔÁÈÎb˜ ηd ôÏϘ Û˘Ó¤(ÂȘ Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·˜, Ôî ï(ÔÖ˜ ‰bÓ Ì(ÔÚÔÜÓ Óa ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈ-ÛıÔÜÓ Î·d ó˜ ·úÙÈ· ÁÈa ÙcÓ Î‹Ú˘Í‹ Ù˘ (º&%¢$™, \&ÎÎÏ. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· %, Û. 773). ¶Ú‚Ï. Ã%™!"º%§"-¶"À§"À, µ˘˙. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· µ1, Û. 106.

86. °ƒ#°"ƒ%"™ µã ƒøª#™, µã \&(ÈÛÙÔÏ‹ 293. 87. µÏ. º&%¢$™, µ˘˙¿ÓÙÈÔ, Û. 150 Î.ëÍØ (Ú‚Ï. ª$°ƒ%¶§#™, ™¯¤ÛÂȘ, Û. 71 Î.ëÍ.

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

248

‰ÂÔÏÔÁÈÎc âͤÏÈÍË Ùɘ ¯ÚÈÛÙÈ·ÓÈÎɘ ·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›·˜, ¬%ˆ˜ ·éÙc ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËÎÂà%e ÙcÓ %ÔÏÈÙÈÎc ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏc ÙÔÜ ªÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ &ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ ηd ÙáÓ ‰È·‰fi¯ˆÓ ÙÔ˘àÓ·ÙÚÂ%fiÙ·Ó %Ï‹Úˆ˜88. ^' %ÂÚÈ%¤ÙÂÈ· Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›·˜ ÌfiÏȘ ôÚ¯È˙ ηd ÙeìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜ öÌÂÈÓ ÁÈa Óa ı˘Ì›˙ÂÈ ¬ÙÈ àÎfiÌË Î·d (Ó· ìÊ·›ÛÙÂÈÔ ñ%Ë-ÚÂÙÂÖ Ùa %¿ıË, Ùd˜ %ÚÔı¤ÛÂȘ ηd Ùa ïÚ¿Ì·Ù· ÙáÓ àÓıÚÒ%ˆÓ.

B#µ§#"°ƒ$º#$

¶ËÁ¤˜

ACO = E. SCHWARTZ (âΉ.), Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum, Berlin, 1927 Î.ëÍ.$£$¡$™#"™ ª!°$™, \!Í‹ÁËÛȘ Âå˜ ÙÔf˜ æ·ÏÌÔ‡˜, PG 27, 60-591. µ›Ô˜ °ÂÚÌ·ÓÔÜ = L. LAMZA (âΉ.), Patriarch Germanos I. von Konstantinopel (715-730).

Versuch einer endgültigen chronologischen Fixierung des Lebens und Wirkens desPatriarchen. Mit dem griechisch-deutschen Text der Vita Germani am Schluß derArbeit, Würzburg, 1975.

µ›Ô˜ ª. &ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘ = !éÛ‚›Ô˘ ÙÔÜ ¶·ÌÊ›ÏÔ˘ Âå˜ ÙeÓ ‚›ÔÓ ÙÔÜ Ì·Î·Ú›Ô˘ &ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›-ÓÔ˘ ‚·ÛÈϤˆ˜, F. WINKELMANN (âΉ.), Eusebius werke über das leben des kaisersKonstantin, Berlin, 1975.

µ›Ô˜ ªÈ¯·cÏ ™˘ÁΤÏÏÔ˘ = µ›Ô˜ ηd %ÔÏÈÙ›· ηd àÁáÓ˜ ÙÔÜ ïÛ›Ô˘ %·ÙÚe˜ ìÌáÓ Î·d ïÌÔ-ÏÔÁËÙÔÜ ªÈ¯·cÏ %ÚÂÛ‚˘Ù¤ÚÔ˘ ηd Û˘ÁΤÏÏÔ˘ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙÔ˜ %fiψ˜ ^#ÂÚÔÛÔχ̈Ó, M.CUNNINGHAM (âΉ.), The Life of Michael Synkellos (Text, Translation, Commentary),Belfast, 1991, Û. 44-128. !H. SCHMITT (âΉ.), IRAIK 11 (1906), 227-259Ø

µ›Ô˜ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¡¤Ô˘ = µ›Ô˜ ηd %ÔÏÈÙ›· ïÌÔÏÔÁ›· Ù ηd ôıÏËÛȘ ÙÔÜ ïÛ›Ô˘ %·ÙÚe˜ìÌáÓ ™ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ Ó¤Ô˘ ÙÔÜ Ì·ÚÙ˘Ú‹Û·ÓÙÔ˜ âÓ ÙÔÖ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔȘ ÙÔÜ àÛ‚Ôܘ &ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›-ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ &Ô%ÚˆÓ‡ÌÔ˘, M.-F. AUZÉPY, La vie d’ Étienne le Jeune par Étienne le Diacre(introduction, édition et traduction), [Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Monogra-phs 3], Aldershot, 1997 (Ashgate - Variorum).

°!¡!™#"™, ¶ÂÚd µ·ÛÈÏÂÈáÓ = \#ˆÛcÊ °ÂÓÂÛ›Ô˘ µ·ÛÈÏÂÈáÓ ÙfiÌÔÈ ¢ã, A. LESMUELLER-WERNER - I. THURN (âΉ.), Iosephi Genesii Regum libri quattuor, [Corpus FontiumHistoriae Byzantinae 14], Berlin, 1978. #ø™'º °!¡!™#"™, ¶ÂÚd µ·ÛÈÏÂÈáÓ, ÌÙÊÚ. - Û¯fi-ÏÈ·: ¶. ¡È¿‚˘, ÂåÛ·ÁˆÁ‹: ¢. )ÛÔ˘Áηڿ΢, [&›ÌÂÓ· ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓɘ îÛÙÔÚÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ 3],\$ı‹Ó·, 1994.

88. ¶Ú‚Ï. °ƒ'°"ƒ#"™ µã ƒøª'™, µã \!%ÈÛÙÔÏ‹ 294-301.

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi%Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

249

°&øƒ°%"™ ª"¡$Ã"™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· = ÃÚÔÓÈÎeÓ ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔÓ âÎ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊˆÓ ÙÂâÍËÁËÙáÓ Û˘ÏÏÂÁbÓ Î·d Û˘ÓÙÂıbÓ ñ(e °ÂˆÚÁ›Ô˘ êÌ·ÚÙˆÏÔÜ ÌÔÓ·¯ÔÜ, C. DE BOOR

(âΉ), Georgii monachi chronicon, Ù. 1-2, Leipzig, 1904 (Teubner) [Stuttgart, 1978].°ƒ#°"ƒ%"™ µã ƒøª#™, $ã \&(ÈÛÙÔÏ‹ = \&(ÈÛÙÔÏc °ÚËÁÔÚ›Ô˘ (¿(· ƒÒÌ˘ ÁÚ·ÊÂÖÛ· (Úe˜

§¤ÔÓÙ· ÙeÓ ‚·ÛÈϤ· (ÂÚd ÙáÓ ÛÂ(ÙáÓ ÂåÎfiÓˆÓ, GOUILLARD, Aux origins de l’ Icono-clasme, 277-297.

°ƒ#°"ƒ%"™ µã ƒøª#™, µã \&(ÈÛÙÔÏ‹ = !ÔÜ ·éÙÔÜ °ÚËÁÔÚ›Ô˘ (¿(· ƒÒÌ˘ (Úe˜ §¤ÔÓÙ· ÙeÓ‚·ÛÈϤ· â(ÈÛÙÔÏc ‚ã, GOUILLARD, Aux origines de l’Iconoclasme, 299-305.

¢%¢Àª"™ !Àº§"™, ^&ÚÌËÓ›· Âå˜ ÙeÓ \&ÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙ‹ = G. BINDER - L. LIESENBORGHS, Di-dymus der Blinde. Kommentar zum Ecclesiastes, pt 6, [Papyrologische Texte undAbhanblungen 9], Bonn, 1969.

\&(ÈÛÙÔÏc ÙáÓ ÙÚÈáÓ (·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯áÓ = J. MUNITIZ - J. CHRYSOSTOMIDES - E. HARVALIA-CROOK - CH. DENDRINOS (âΉ.), The Letter of the three Patriarchs to the EmperorTheophilos and Related Texts, Camberley, 1997.

&¶%º$¡%"™ 'ø¡™!$¡!%$™, ¶·Ó¿ÚÈÔÓ = K. HOLL (âΉ.), Epiphanius. Panarion, Ù. ! (haer. 1-33), [Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte 25],Leipzig, 1915, Û. 153-464Ø Ù. %% (haer. 34-64), [Die griechischen christlichen Schriftstellerder ersten drei Jahrhunderte 31], Leipzig, 1922Ø Ù. %%% (haer. 65-68), [Die griechischenchristlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte 37], Leipzig, 1933. PG 41, 156-1200Ø PG 42, 9-832.

&À™&µ%"™, \&ÎÎÏ. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· = &À™&µ%"™, \&ÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎc ^%ÛÙÔÚ›·Ø G. BARDY (âΉ.), Eusebede Césarée. Histoire ecclésiastique, SC 31, 41, 55.

)ø¡$ƒ$™, \&(ÈÙÔÌc ^%ÛÙÔÚÈáÓ = T. BUETTNER-WOBST (âΉ.), Ioannis Zonarae epitomaehistoriarum libri xviii, Ù. 1-3, [Corpus scriptorum historiae Byzantinae], Bonn, 1897.

£&"¢øƒ#!"™ 'Àƒƒ"À, &å˜ Ùa ô(ÔÚ· Ùɘ ı›·˜ °Ú·Êɘ = £&"¢øƒ#!"™ 'Àƒƒ"À, &å˜ Ùaô(ÔÚ· Ùɘ ı›·˜ °Ú·Êɘ ηÙ\ âÎÏÔÁcÓ Âå˜ âÚˆÙ‹ÛÂȘ ηd à(ÔÎÚ›ÛÂȘ, PG 80, 76-1997.

£&"¢øƒ"™ $¡$°¡ø™!#™, \&ÎÎÏ. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· = £&"¢øƒ"™ $¡$°¡ø™!#™, \&ÎÏÔÁ·d âÎ Ùɘ \&Î-ÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎɘ ^%ÛÙÔÚ›·˜, à(e ʈÓɘ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˘ '·ÏÏ›ÛÙÔ˘ ÙÔÜ •·ÓıÔ(Ô‡ÏÔ˘, PG 86,165-228.

£&"º$¡#™, ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· = C. DE BOOR (âΉ.), £ÂÔÊ¿ÓÔ˘˜ êÌ·ÚÙˆÏÔÜ ÌÔÓ·¯ÔÜ Î·d ì-ÁÔ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ \$ÁÚÔÜ Î·d ^"ÌÔÏÔÁËÙÔÜ ÃÚÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· âÙáÓ º'#ã, Lipsiae, Ù. % (1883)- %% (1885)Ø CSHB I(1839) - II(1841).

%ø$¡¡#™ ¢$ª$™'#¡"™, ò&ΉÔÛȘ àÎÚÈ‚‹˜ = !ÔÜ ïÛ›Ô˘ à‚‚Ä \%ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ (ÚÂÛ‚˘Ù¤ÚÔ˘ ¢·-Ì·ÛÎËÓÔÜ öΉÔÛȘ àÎÚÈ‚c˜ Ùɘ çÚıÔ‰fiÍÔ˘ (›ÛÙˆ˜, B. KOTTER (âΉ.), Expositio fidei.Die Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos, Ù. 2, [Patristische Texte und Studien 12],Berlin, 1973, Û. 3-239.

%ø$¡¡#™ ¢$ª$™'#¡"™, '·Ùa ¡ÂÛÙÔÚÈ·ÓáÓ = !ÔÜ ïÛ›Ô˘ à‚‚Ä \%ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ¢·Ì·ÛÎËÓÔÜ ÙÔÜ¯Ú˘ÛÔÚÚfi· ÏfiÁÔ˜ ηÙa ¡ÂÛÙÔÚÈ·ÓáÓ, B. KOTTER (âΉ.), Contra Nestorianos. DieSchriften des Johannes von Damaskos, Ù. 4, [Patristische Texte und Studien 22], Berlin,1981, Û. 263-288.

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

250

#ø$¡¡%™ ¢$ª$™&%¡"™, ¶ÂÚd !åÎfiÓˆÓ = 'ÔÜ âÓ êÁ›ÔȘ (·ÙÚe˜ ìÌáÓ \#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ ÙÔÜ ¢·Ì·-ÛÎËÓÔÜ ÏfiÁÔ˜ à(ÔÏÔÁËÙÈÎe˜ (Úe˜ ÙÔf˜ ‰È·‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ Ùa˜ êÁ›·˜ ÂåÎfiÓ·˜, B. KOTTER

(âΉ.), Contra imaginum calumniators orations tres. Die Schriften des Johannes vonDamaskos, Ù. 3, [Patristische Texte und Studien 17], Berlin, 1975, Û. 65-200.

§ÂÍÈÎe ™Ô˘˝‰· = A. ADLER (âΉ.), Suidae lexicon, [Lexicographi Graeci 1.1-4], Ù. 1-4,Leipzig, 1928-1935.

ª!£"¢#"™ &ø¡™'$¡'#¡"À¶"§!ø™, \!ÁÎÒÌÈÔ êÁ. \$Á¿ı˘ = E. MIONI, «L’ Encomio di S.Agata di Metodio Patriarca di Constantinopoli», Analecta Bollandiana 68 (1950), Û. 58-93.

ª#Ã$%§ $''$§!#$'%™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· = §fiÁÔ˜ (ÚÔÛʈÓËÙÈÎe˜ âÎʈÓËıÂd˜ (·Úa ªÈ¯·cÏ ª·-Á›ÛÙÚÔ˘, ‚¤ÛÙÔ˘ ηd ÎÚÈÙÔÜ ÙÔÜ \$ÙÙ·ÏÂÈ¿ÙÔ˘ (Úe˜ ÙeÓ ‚·ÛÈϤ· ÙeÓ µÔÙ·ÓÂÈ¿ÙËÓ, I.BEKKER (âΉ.), Michaelis Attaliotae historia, CSHB 1853. ª#Ã$%§ $''$§!#$'%™, ^#ÛÙÔ-Ú›·, ÌÙÊÚ, ÂåÛ·ÁˆÁc - Û¯fiÏÈ· \#ˆ. ¶ÔϤÌ˘, [&›ÌÂÓ· ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓɘ îÛÙÔÚÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ 8], \$-ı‹Ó·, 1997.

¡#&%º"ƒ"™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ = 'ÔÜ âÓ êÁ›ÔȘ (·ÙÚe˜ ìÌáÓ ¡ÈÎËÊfiÚÔ˘ (·ÙÚÈ¿Ú¯Ô˘&ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ˘(fiψ˜ îÛÙÔÚ›· Û‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜ à(e Ùɘ ª·˘ÚÈΛԢ µ·ÛÈÏ›·˜, C. MANGO (âÎ-‰.), Nikephoros patriarch of Constantinople Short History (text, translation and com-mentary), [Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 13], Washington, 1990. ¡#&%º"ƒ"™

¶$'ƒ#$ƒÃ%™ &ø¡™'$¡'#¡"À¶"§!ø™, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ™‡ÓÙÔÌÔ˜, ÌÙÊÚ: §. &ˆÛÙ·Ú¤ÏË, ÂåÛ·Áˆ-Á‹ - Û¯fiÏÈ· ¢. 'ÛÔ˘Áηڿ΢, [&›ÌÂÓ· ‚˘˙·ÓÙÈÓɘ îÛÙÔÚÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ 4], \$ı‹Ó·, 1994.

¶$¶$¢"¶"À§"™ - &!ƒ$ª!À™, ^#ÂÚÔÛ. µÈ‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË = $. ¶$¶$¢"¶"À§"™ - &!ƒ$ª!À™, ^#ÂÚÔ-ÛÔÏ˘ÌÈÙÈÎc µÈ‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË, Ù. 1 (1891), Ù. 2 (1894), Ù. 3 (1897), Ù. 4 (1899), Ù. 5 (1915), (ºˆ-ÙÔÛÙ·ÙÈÎc \$Ó·Ù‡(ˆÛË Bruxelles, 1963).

™&À§#')%™, ™‡ÓԄȘ = #ø$¡¡%™ ™&À§#')%™, ™‡ÓԄȘ ^#ÛÙÔÚÈáÓ, I. Thurn (âΉ.), CFHB 5,µÂÚÔÏ›ÓÔ - ¡¤· ^ÀfiÚÎË, 1973Ø I. Bekker (âΉ.), °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ &‰ÚËÓfi˜ ##, CSHB (1839),(Û. 641-744)Ø PG 122, 368-476Ø &Ò‰Èη˜ VITR. 26-2 Ùɘ \!ıÓÈÎɘ µÈ‚ÏÈÔı‹Î˘ Ùɘ ª·-‰Ú›Ù˘ (¶·ÓÔÌÔÈfiÙ˘(Ë ò!ΉÔÛË), â(È̤ÏÂÈ·: \$Á·Ì¤ÌÓˆÓ 'ÛÂϛη˜, \$ı‹Ó·, 2000.

ÃÚÔÓÈÎe ¶ÂÚ›ÛÛ·˜ = º. &$'™#¶%™, 'e ÃÚÔÓÈÎe Ùɘ ¶ÂÚ›ÛÛ·˜ ÎÈ ôÏÏ· (ÂÚÈÛÙ·ÙÈÎa ηdÛ˘Ì‚¿ÓÙ· Ùɘ (Ôχ(·ı˘ Ó‹ÛÔ˘ ™·ÓÙÔÚ›Ó˘, \$ı‹Ó·, 1958.

øƒ#°!¡%™, &·Ùa &¤ÏÛÔ˘ = \øÚÈÁ¤ÓÔ˘˜ (Úe˜ ÙeÓ â(ÈÁÂÁÚ·Ì̤ÓÔÓ &¤ÏÛÔ˘ àÏËıÉ ÏfiÁÔÓ, M.BORRET (âΉ.), Origène. Contre Celse, SC 132, 136, 147, 150.

µÔËı‹Ì·Ù·

ALEXANDER, Nicephorus = P. J. ALEXANDER, The Patriarch Nicephorus of Constantinople,Oxford, 1958.

ALEXANDER, Apocalyptic Tradition = P. J. ALEXANDER, The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tra-dition, London, 1985.

$§!•#"À, ò!ÎÚËÍË £‹Ú·˜ = ™'. $§!•#"À, «ª›· öÎÚËÍË Ùɘ £‹Ú·˜ Âå˜ ÙcÓ ÎÚËÙÈÎcÓ (Ô›Ë-ÛÈÓ», \$Ì¿ÏıÂÈ· 2 (1971), 136-138.

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi(Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

251

ANASTOS, Leo III’s Edict = M. ANASTOS, «Leo III’s Edict against the images of the year 726-727 and Italo-Byzantine relations between 726 and 730», Byzantinische Forschungen 3(1968), 5-41.

BECK, µ˘˙. ÃÈÏÈÂÙ›· = H.-G. BECK, ^# µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓc ÃÈÏÈÂÙ›·, ÌÙÊÚ: ¢. 'Ô‡ÚÙÔ‚ÈÎ, \$ı‹Ó·,1990 [ª%&!].

BERCHIN, ªÂÛ·›ˆÓ·˜ = W. BERCHIN, ^&ÏÏËÓÈÎa °Ú¿ÌÌ·Ù· ηd §·ÙÈÓÈÎe˜ ªÂÛ·›ˆÓ·˜ (à-(e ÙeÓ ^%ÂÚÒÓ˘ÌÔ ó˜ ÙeÓ ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô 'Ô˘Û¿ÓÔ), ÌÙÊÚ: ¢. ¡È΋ٷ˜, £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË, 1998.[W. BERCHIN, Griechisch-Lateinisches Mittelalter (Von Hieronymus zu Nikolaus vonKues), München, 1980]

BURY, History = J. BURY, A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene(395 A.D. to 800 A.D.), Ù. 1-2, London, 1889.

Ã%™!"º%§"¶"À§"À, µ˘˙. ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· = $. Ã%™!"º%§"¶"À§"À, µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓc ^%ÛÙÔÚ›·, Ù. µ1,£ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË, 19982.

DOUMAS, Eruptions = C. DOUMAS, «Eruptions of the Santorini volcano from contemporarysources», Thera and the Aegean World !, Û. 819-823.

DOUMAS, Thera = CHR. DOUMAS, Thera, Pompeii of the ancient Aegean (excavations atAkrotiri 1967-79), London, 1983.

FOUQUE, Santorin = F. FOUQUE, Santorin et ses éruptions, Paris, 1879.FRIEDRICH, Fire = W. FRIEDRICH, Fire in the Sea (the Santorini Volcano: natural history

and the legend of Atlantis, Cambridge, 2000. [W. FRIEDRICH, Feuer im Meer: Vulka-nismus und die Naturgeschichte der Insel Santorin, 1994]

°&¢&ø¡, ¶·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯ÈÎÔd (›Ó·Î˜ = ª. °&¢&ø¡, ¶·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯ÈÎÔd (›Ó·Î˜, Â剋ÛÂȘ îÛÙÔÚÈηd‚ÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈηd (ÂÚd ÙáÓ (·ÙÚÈ·Ú¯áÓ 'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ˘(fiψ˜ à(e \$Ó‰Ú¤Ô˘ ÙÔÜ (ÚˆÙÔÎÏ‹-ÙÔ˘ ̤¯ÚȘ \%ˆ·ÎÂdÌ °ã ÙÔÜ à(e £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢, \$ıÉÓ·È, 19962.

GEORGALAS, L’éruption = G. GEORGALAS, «L’éruption minoenne du volcan de Santorini»,KALOYEROPOULOU, Acta, Û. 170-179.

GERO, Iconoclasm = S. GERO, Byzantine iconoclasm during the reign of Leo III withparticular attention to the oriental sources, [Corpus scriptorum christianorum orienta-lium 346, subsidia 41], Louvain, 1973.

GOUILLARD, Aux origines de l’Iconoclasme = J. GOUILLARD, «Aux origines de l’Ico-noclasme: le témoignage de Grégoire II», Travaux et Mémoires 3 (1968), 243-307.

JUNG, ™˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÎfiÙËÙ· = C. JUNG, ™˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ï àfiÚ·ÙÔ˜ ÎÔÛÌÈÎe˜ îÛÙfi˜, ÌÙÊÚ: '.'·ÏÔÁÂÚfi(Ô˘ÏÔ˜, \$ı‹Ó·, 2003.

KALOYEROPOULOU, Acta = A. KALOYEROPOULOU (âΉ.), Acta of the 1st internationalscientific congress of the volcano of Thera, held in Greece, 15th - 23rd September 1969,Athens, 1971.

'$ƒ$°%$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· %% = %. '$ƒ$°%$¡¡"¶"À§"™, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔÜ 'Ú¿ÙÔ˘˜, Ù.µã (565 - 1081), £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË, 19935 (‚·ÓÈ·Û).

'$ƒ¶")#§"™, µ˘˙. îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ› = $¶. '$ƒ¶")#§"™, µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔd îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔd ηd ¯ÚÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔÈ,Ù. $ã (4Ô˜-7Ô˜ ·å.), \$ı‹Ó·, 1997Ø Ù. µã (8Ô˜-10Ô˜ ·å.), \$ı‹Ó·, 2002 ('$¡$'#™).

£!"§"°#$ 1/2009

252

KAZHDAN, History = !. KAZHDAN, A History of Byzantine Literature (650-850), \$ı‹Ó·,1999.

%"ƒƒ!™, &e ΛÓËÌ· = £. %"ƒƒ!™, «&e ΛÓËÌ· ÙáÓ ^!ÏÏ·‰ÈÎáÓ», µ˘˙·ÓÙÈ·Îa 1 (1981), 39-49.

%"À%"À§!™, µ˘˙. µ›Ô˜ ηd ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi˜ = º. %"À%"À§!™, µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓáÓ µ›Ô˜ ηd ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌfi˜,âÓ \$ı‹Ó·È˜ Ù. $ã-™&ã (1947-1955).

%"À¡&"Àƒ$, ¶ÚÔÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ = !. %"À¡&"Àƒ$-°$§$%', «¶ÚÔÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÌÔÓ·¯áÓ Î·d àÓ¿‰ÂÈÍË·éÙÔÎÚ·ÙfiÚˆÓ ÛÙc ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙáÓ “ÛÎÔÙÂÈÓáÓ ·åÒÓˆÓ”», !. %"À¡&"Àƒ$-°$§$%' (âΉ.),"î ÛÎÔÙÂÈÓÔd ·åáÓ˜ ÙÔÜ µ˘˙·ÓÙ›Ô˘ (7Ô˜-9Ô˜ ·å.), [\!ıÓÈÎe l#‰Ú˘Ì· \!Ú¢ÓáÓ - \#ÓÛÙÈÙÔÜÙÔµ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓáÓ \!Ú¢ÓáÓ - ¢ÈÂıÓÉ ™˘Ì(fiÛÈ· 9], \$ı‹Ó·, 2001, Û. 421-441.

ª$°ƒ#¶§'™, ™¯¤ÛÂȘ = ¢. ª$°ƒ#¶§'™, ™¯¤ÛÂȘ ηd ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙáÓ ıÂÛÌáÓ, ì ‰È·(ÏÔÎc Ùɘ(ÔÏÈÙÈÎɘ ηd Ùɘ ıÚËÛΛ·˜ ÛÙcÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÙÔÜ µ˘˙·ÓÙ›Ô˘ (Ì›· îÛÙÔÚÈÎÔÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÔÏÔÁÈ-Îc ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹), \$ı‹Ó·, 2003.

MANGO, Byzantium = C. MANGO, Byzantium, the Empire of New Rome, London, 1980.MANGO, Nikephoros = C. MANGO (âΉ.), Nikephoros patriarch of Constantinople - Short

History (text, translation and commentary), [Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 13],Washington, 1990.

MANNING, A test of time = ST. MANNING, A test of time (the volcano of Thera and the chro-nology and history of the Aegean and east Mediterranean in the mid second millenniumBC), Oxford, 1999.

MARINATOS, Kreta, Thera = S. MARINATOS, Kreta, Thera und das Mykenische Hellas,München, 1973.

¡&"Àª$™, \$ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ £‹Ú·˜ = Ã. ¡&"Àª$™ (âΉ.), \$ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈ £‹Ú·˜, ÂúÎÔÛÈ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ö-Ú¢ӷ˜ (1967-1987), Û˘Ì(ÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·, (ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·, (ÚÔÔ(ÙÈΤ˜ (^'ÌÂÚ›‰·, Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯cÛÙeÓ ëÔÚÙ·ÛÌe ÙáÓ ëηÙeÓ (ÂÓ‹ÓÙ· ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Ùɘ \$Ú¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎɘ ^!Ù·ÈÚ›·˜, \$ıÉÓ·È, 19¢ÂÎÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1987), \$ıÉÓ·È, 1992.

OSTROGORSKY, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· = G. OSTROGORSKY, ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· ÙÔÜ µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓÔÜ %Ú¿ÙÔ˘˜, ÌÙÊÚ: \#ˆ.¶·Ó·Áfi(Ô˘ÏÔ˜, Ù. $-°, \$ı‹Ó·, 1993-1995. [G. OSTROGORSKY, Geschichte des By-zantinischen Staates, München, 1963.]

¶$¡$°#ø&"¶"À§"™, ªÂıfi‰ÈÔ˜ = #ø. ¶$¡$°#ø&"¶"À§"™, ^" ÔåÎÔ˘ÌÂÓÈÎe˜ (·ÙÚȿگ˘ ªÂ-ıfi‰ÈÔ˜ $ã ï ^"ÌÔÏÔÁËÙc˜ (843-847) ηd Ùe öÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘, \$ı‹Ó·, 2003.

º!#¢$™, \!ÎÎÏ. ^#ÛÙÔÚ›· = µ§. º!#¢$™, \!ÎÎÏËÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎc ^#ÛÙÔÚ›·, Ù. $ã - µã, \$ıÉÓ·È,19942.

º!#¢$™, µ˘˙¿ÓÙÈÔ = µ§. º!#¢$™, µ˘˙¿ÓÙÈÔ (‚›Ô˜, ıÂÛÌÔ›, ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·, \!ÎÎÏËÛ›·, (·È‰Â›·, Ù¤-¯ÓË), \$ıÉÓ·È, 19903.

PMBZ = F. WINKELMANNS, Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit, Erste Abteilung(641-867), Ù. 1-4, Berlin - New York, 1998-2001.

PRATSCH, Nikephoros = "H. PRATSCH, «Nikephoros I», R.-J. LILIE (âΉ.), Die Patriarchender ikonoklastischen Zeit, Germanos I. - Methodios I. (715-847), [Berliner Byzanti-nistiche Studien 5], Frankfurt am Main, 1999, Û. 109-147.

\#ˆ¿ÓÓÔ˘ \$ÓÙ. ¶·Ó·ÁȈÙfi(Ô˘ÏÔ˘

!" #º$%™!&%" !#™ £#ƒ$™ '$% # &%'"¡"ª$Ã%$

253

ROCHOW, Anastasios = IL. ROCHOW, «Anastasios», R.-J. LILIE (âΉ.), Die Patriarchen derikonoklastischen Zeit, Germanos I. - Methodios I. (715-847), [Berliner ByzantinisticheStudien 5], Frankfurt am Main, 1999, Û. 22-29.

™!$Àƒ%$¡"™, °ÂÚÌ·Ófi˜ = '. ™!$Àƒ%$¡"™, ^" ±ÁÈÔ˜ °ÂÚÌ·Óe˜ $ã ï ïÌÔÏÔÁËÙc˜ (·ÙÚȿگ˘'ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ˘(fiψ˜ (‚›Ô˜, öÚÁ·, ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·, Û˘Ì‚ÔÏc ÛÙcÓ (ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ùɘ ÂåÎÔÓÔÌ·-¯›·˜, \$ı‹Ó·, 2003.

STEIN, Germanos = D. STEIN, «Germanos I», R.-J. Lilie (âΉ.), Die Patriarchen der ikono-klastischen Zeit, Germanos I. - Methodios I. (715-847), [Berliner Byzantinistiche Stu-dien 5], Frankfurt am Main, 1999, Û. 5-21.

Thera and the Aegean World = C. DOUMAS (âΉ.), Thera and the Aegean World (paperspresented at the second international scientific congress, Santorini, Greece, August1978, London, Ù. % (1978), %% (1980). C. HARDY (âΉ.), Thera and the Aegean World III(proceedings of the third international congress, Santorini, Greece, 3-9 September1989), Ù. 1-3, London, 1990.

TREADGOLD, History = W. TREADGOLD, A History of the Byzantine State and Society,Stanford, 1997.

!™"ƒª¶$!)"°§"À, &åÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›· = ¶. !™"ƒª¶$!)"°§"À, &åÎÔÓÔÌ·¯›· ηd ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ÛÙa¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÙÔÜ §¤ÔÓÙÔ˜ °ã ò%Û·˘ÚÔ˘ (Û˘Ì‚ÔÏc ÛÙc ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË ÙáÓ ·åÙ›ˆÓ), '·ÙÂÚ›ÓË,2002.

Tusculum = W. BUCHWALD - A. HOHLWEG - O. PRINZ, Tusculum-Lexikon griechischer undlateinischer Autoren des Altertums und des Mittelalters, München, 1982 (ARTEMIS

VERLAG). $. º"Àƒ§$™ (ÌÙÊÚ.), Tusculum-§ÂÍÈÎeÓ ^&ÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ Î·d §·Ù›ÓˆÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓÙɘ \$Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ηd ÙÔÜ ªÂÛ·›ˆÓ·, Ù. $ã (*&ÏÏËÓ˜ ™˘ÁÁÚ·ÊÂÖ˜), \$ı‹Ó·, 1993.

VASILIEV, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· = A. VASILIEV, ^%ÛÙÔÚ›· Ùɘ µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓɘ $éÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚ›·˜ 324-1453, Ù. $-°, ÌÙÊÚ: ¢. ™·‚Ú¿Ì˘, \$ı‹Ó·, 1954.