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(€t ro e.v€p1eor6 1doqDl1o ro! oucnlpfioq fI - A,rpdogafo.

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'taph ro)v odpd.rlub! ao! droppoeolr qv o€pt!|<l| drnvopol{o tI6 s-

nqoveto4 rrlE frlg rict pipos rtg qhcfils. KrlO@ rqTrl u6portliw or1v

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l1fi roug eivoL 11 oqururvool oo u6pocro1ovi&a { ruyorpoordlloug

c'to v6qrt H otJxivlpoo4 ro:v tSporp.d:v oqv Atg6ogo.rpcr eivar {or-

penxo y.empl1lrrl rc! ela.rrtivetct er0amiti pe ro iyog p.s orcorilcoya

ro 99% qE !]d4d4 rooq vo ppiofterd1 (dto 0li6 td l0 km. tqv srDred-

veLc qg f1g 4 oupiEvrporrl ro16 rupoivercr c*o 4yo, xoT' ('IKo, oarf

tpotnK6q rEp1otEq iog I o/o oV r.oL.!K.4 ntpr{Jxk"

!a1v Etspoogorpc to oipro reivow vo 6roro10ow xotri goprorri

priprl xor l-olo qq aroor €€ole rou [oFarori ohry6vo! dr6 ttTv il.

loxl ornvopolio g.e pqr<og riycrog pxpotspo dr6 0.175 turf 6Fps-

r,t(etol oov ouord.tLr6 qg A'lr6ogotgc6 to otopx6 obry&o- €ror or!

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pdq qS Etepodqolpds ntpl{r ororoanc& tqg Atp6oqorpa4 e{vc{ to

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bu6vou Kol o{6rou. M!Xp1zo 1000 km to KDpro ouorofl(d q9 ArFo-

o<po.rpog eloxo).or0or,v vd rivol 10 oeiry6vo Ko1 ro tqcnzo, svd ,r6vo o_,16 ro. 1000 krn r-optopxo0v.ro ilho ror to o6pcvy6vo, H ,eproFl g€rd4u

1000 Kar 1800 knr" repiror.t,6zoo anrcpotsi ro il1o Liy€io1 HtrG

o9ortd, Ev(i 10 ljno,"orTro rttrl$d rIE Aigaogolpdj orDo! €7ffpe,rsi. roro\,1o$!\,o rJ6poy6vo llpGyrorr6og{ pa. (pr;7€ otr 1 . I rot 1 .2).

H unnplq r6wcrrv otrlv Ar$oornqpo oogA^fior oe qotoiorrop6 on6qv Mepd)61 Kol

"rlv X-dc11,opolid zot' .rll1oo, dnlv KooFlri offiLvo-

po).ia xot ow1 pc&avegi'6 fuiotoorl u),rrdry orqv €ntg6vao qg fr16.

Aqo dle €lrt1oone dlg ,orr,r6qr04 qg Algdogolpd{ lll to uyoq, tozopoy6gsvo cn6 touE rcvrogoriq €]€i€€pc' rll€ffip6\,,1Ir 4ow oalv o-vrirepq Atu6ogmpo opKsrd prydl! ,@6vo (oriq !€ d,noz6l€oprr ,rdval

o?ro 1o, 60km I ouyrciwpo:o-r1 ror4 vo eivor rizou <bote vo erqped(ar-4v &d6ool ro)v pd&ol(1)ll4rov.

H rrsplo?3] onou noporrlpei.rot ouft1gi;ra1 o4,rfwpooq d*-u06pov

llempovio:v ovogr(aror lov6ogrrrgo, Ko1 ropoDo.ui(a peloro rrurvd_qtog qlompovialv oto 300 km, n€piaoo. IIdv@ oa6 to 400 kn rl ou-

fe\,,rpoo.4 tov li,€Krpoldarv €7.or,r(iv€-ud1 lolo rqq €qcr1pedKo gfl(prlg

ntr<v6r{ra< rrlg -.\rp6ogorpog. H xorori6puqq &,avopt1 r4g zuo6rrpo-r

iov ttr"E.:rpor{(n' 1116lorl1oqo1po4 ropoooqi(fl, dfittpopa plyrdrc,Doo o-

vogaiowal mpciigoto @,E,F). Ezer&i o rcwroy6g oroorzei rigso4 1l,lo_

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vor FqqhrrEpq rrry lF;po at!6 q vucro Kol ldl,roro riard Tqv &apK€rd'

lllg l$fpag I r€proXl F Sto,xplveror oe 6nro t1v Fl Kor rrp F2. TU,oe n

ov6ogopc {aptcuot iwovc. o116 qv 1kor1 6pooqp6trlzo ror eivot

tl i8Fom qE ArFooq(l$a{ 6nou o,od.rirwor re poitorrlpotcr,

1.2A4proupyld xdr sit rtn rnE virvns Arp6aeqrpq€.

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pripto p6vr-o aepinoo, rior q orioraorl qg rircv zoLri &caopenr.l oz6

tI orttl€plvrl.

tto otlt'(6 diddro qq fuFouflilg rqg 1 f1 rirav pc ),rogev1

oqoeoa,&16 Fr4o g€ srnqavqorrl 0eplor(pdoi-d, 8000oC, nou n€Fgor,.

lotcrre o16 pi.a rruw{ ro1 s6pp1 lr04a a€piov. To oiplc curd {tov ro

u8poyovo rcr to rilo (td, ,rl€ov d.g€ova a.6p1o. olo oullrov), rde6q €ri-

or19 xor w<iroer5 rou rrbpol6voo 6aorg to paOrivro xor. 1 opgo:vio, Aolor

qg psydXlE toug oepporipcoia.6 xar t4g glrpqq popor4E toug pd{og,

ro o6pro orxrt dr6quyov, oe Fqdl,o nooodr6, dro 6uioa1po"

Kde6g I fn $ rlorov€ oXlllrtiaqr(e iv% o!€p€o,( glo1og rol to d-

ipc zor rirw &ohpino oqv ruporrolpivrl gri(c rippoarr vo erfuio-

wcr on6 trry an4aveta tlE f1g. €tcl oy4potict|ll€ uia 6enr€pi Ar[o-

ogorpo on6 oipc nou xct oilgepc exl,r:orror on6 to lqaiorero not ri-

rcw 1opio6 $pclry.oi (n€pifioo to 85%), &o{a{&o toD or€pdr.d

(nepirrol to l0%) rcl a{orto,

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Kc0ri4 1 fi1 owe/e vo yrieror ollgdrioqt<av orwego rcor u

rrtp(av paTdailq ppo1or(boor< no 1d'tri6eg 796vlc, pe cnoriisopo qv

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our6 ddrr@oe trry oqth,tpo:oq tov $potluit oap Argoooorpc, evtb

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vao qg f1g ropopivowqS o€ &r,,$ol cn< o6tinvsq gri{eg, 6rou oe

p.eldlo ?rooom6 6eoF6l9rye oe av0porrro r{rfgorc Eltog;vog ro XI.

prr6 c6pw6g rdoro 6pve ro xupicplo aipro orqv Arpoqqarpo

'Ooov o,oopc ro ohrywo omo aop11fi oplrra o316 rqv gorodro-

altool popiov vcpou o:ro rqv rmepr6Erl d.@rrl oKd.vopolic I onoia

oro dpnKd oldiur trlg Elllooflto4 rou llroKo{ 6Ddrnparo6 rlldv ,rol-

irig oopd-c psyolurepl cr6 rq olgeptvrl. To u6po16vo,ld,1o tol prripo$

poptoror! tou Bopoug ovrllOe otq ov6rEp€9 r€ploleg t19 Atpooqorpo5,

xot oe gelrid,o nooocr6 &6quyo oro &aon1pa. To oluy6vo ropigeve

oqv Arpooealpo oDqdvowdg ow€td)q olv oufKal,lpoori roD, 6d€

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goroour,€eo1g, ori$1ocv t1v oup<hzrporol tou o$ryovou oe e,riar6o r-

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crdiva !€ io c€p6saoio Kol roDq !.er€opol,oTtrol4 osror)q. -4,t6 tote I

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€oq, 6te00wol Kor roXiqtc. cvipou ) p: ro i4ro9 geLen106m, zwe-

ar<d p.e T r4 po6topoli6eg, totg pcceorpoloproog nupar:loug xor 6opo-

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rprloa4 6sv un€pipdrvtrv to l0 kn! r!€pirlou, or eflolrlfovEq rdorsuov

6tr 1 elcrrorq ol'ril ouvel -i(sror pept ro alloluro trtt66v C273"C )

orc 6pro ttlg Azpoogorpo' np6rog o fdf,loE psteopoli.Jog Leon

Philippe Teisserene de Bo4 ro 1902 8lddcroroe 6tL 1 r.(ilor1 t49 0ep-

poxpccicq p-e to {yoq ouveli(eror. prlrr tc I lknr, rephou, novo oao

ng suxporsg rrpoT.ig xot oq ouvilsro 1 0sppoxpaoi4 Tropotl,iv$ qrq-

oepl !t to 6\yoq.

Xrlyepo pe priorl tt1 Farcpo2-tl qg O€ppoKpaoiag pe ro uqoq &c-

KpivoDF 6q! Arlloooolpd. $ilpt ra 500 kE, rEpirou, r6ooap€q lt€-

pto7.6c, nou ovoF6iowot Tpon6agdrpar trpar6cgcrpu" Msc6oqorpc

rur @spp66qa$d (p)iine o1 1.3). To tFi$n qS Arpoooorpo4 nivo

o'16 to 500 km 6rou 11 Fidrl e).sue€fi &oipoFrl tocv otorlei.olv t19 A-

tgooqelpd4 eivar 6erti6eg 6)dparpo" ),4s.o1 E6d'oqarpc. lov poorl

qg E4d,oqolpq4 €€(DpEirar zo lrlrog 6'10! I triol €}€!€€pI droipopil 1-

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oqo4d4 (voir!"ro1 p€ Fsld)€q td1r}qrE! tdl 8lcaeryow mlleq 9op6g

oa6 o $apunr6 rc6io lr19 f1q.

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uioo opo, ro16 6.5'C Gvd l.l,16F€rpo Kot I !.eroponq {tbvn gsrqhl

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prrr ,rnTI grpgdvorlq qg Tpotoogorpd4 €i!or. il E ngov€ro qE flg.

tqv Tpon6oeetpe ppiotierol ro 759'0. lt-spi:rou z'4-c tui4qs.,lS -A-

tgoooorpog xot avcr l n€prcXrl 6t!oo dulpd,ivow 6lrr, o;€6ov, ta g€-

r€opoi.oTrKo qorv6gevo. To tryog rqg Tpon6rotorlg pacopdiJ.srar p.e

fllv crloxl Kdllo leolpaqu(d rd.dloq. :rov tollF€plvo ro llvog qg 6i-

vot 17 kr!, n€pinou ev6 an4 7rol,tl(,5 n€pto7,ag qoovEt piXF ta 7 km.

To rlryog tqg rpozonololE eivor psyo}.nepo xorri rc dioq tou xoja-

r<otpoi xcr t4v opgi too q0wondrpoo xor luxporepo to d).og tou 1a-

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q*riv zladr 30 - 40" topouou{er pio &cxorq oe 6lo to 7p6vo 6nou

xot nopotlporiwnr 5oo tpotonorioe4 r1 Ficl trivo dJi6 qv dLll :qv

fisflo1rl orrtrl rlg Arpoorpopo4 rvba o oepoT,eipoppoc. (B),ire o7-. L.l).

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nrivo ar6 qv Tpoz6oearpo piln o oryog ro:v 50I(m n€pi.norr. frrr

geprc $logerpo rovor on6 tqv rpozrorclorl I e€p$oKpooio r!apu.!€-

va oro0€prl. tqv ouvi1ero q 0€pgoKpoolo, o!$ivsror ge ginor4 tr1ll

roylo dro riyog tor, 50Km (E4adftrrrraq} H Oepurtrri ntz4 nvo-

crpoqri oqsO"erct oro lqoiuno 06pF vorlg nou npolp,(sror ripa a7r6

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xoL rov Io .Lo, 'Yqroc Tpon6nauonc

].!e ro yEr,rypogLx6 nldroc.

-20-

io 6(ov qq nepol|lq 'ruirlq 1(o1 oTv \yiq! dr6 ro &oEEi.&o iou dlopd-

xct" H $syof{ aud 0epprri ovoorpoqri no0ci:g ror to woOepuo orpcir-

!d {oio d,r6 al)rnv €lirooi{er rqv lqdA.qq K}iFdtu! eioodo rpoTro-

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tpoipXcror r_uFo un61o 6(ov qg nepollg otrnlq to onoio otoppooa

rrp prxpor! pip<oug rogotog rmepdr6l 1horcr1 crrwopoli.o (0.2 - 0.3

prn) (o0d)9 ilila qS mwnS arrrvopoi,iog Troo &aoeriei on6 trlv

Tpor6ooatpa" Erofr 1 gsJol.ursprt ouF(gl'rpoorl 6(owog nspefilpEi-

ro1 oro 25o km !Voo! n€pi,roo, o.vo.Ievcror ot6 Epdlr4 dno\nl or4v

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iooo,nFo roD o(ovroe tapo.tlpcirol o'ro 25 kltt i\rouq I e€p'uuril ava-

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1ohrspo !Gpo! qq onoppoorlolq tlg l)"Erng ornvopoi,ia4 rou oep-

poiva ro 6qov oDF,0aiv€r. Kowli dnlv trp@rorotorl (50 krn). E ruIp6o-

0€ro. o oipa€ alo 50o km tvoq €ivor rol{ ,no dpotoq oa'ort alo 25o

krn pe owixeLo 1 gsto6oo4 qg ev6gptc5 oro prxp&epc riry4 p.c po-

Fo.xig oulKpoliosr-q vd. eivar nolo op'yr1.

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qg avcorpoqrrlg i7.st oov ouvE !51o tor, noploplqpo T orv xoror6poroo:v

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<orporgatoplvr1 dgohol). lro rolfi(i T€olypagmo r0or4 xor l8t-oirepo

ioDg leq€pwodg $rlveE Ev6i7.eto't n ltpcn6ogorpo vo uoimcnor 6po-

gtnxig 0epp.tlvoetq rol yuiag cn6 a1v pi-o ep6opri6o ornv dilrt. Mro

rirolo olqvi&o €eppavol mo oryoq torv 30 km nolJ.€g ooplg al.ndro1-

1si ce or6ropl orii{ol r4g €epFo(pcnio{ K@to 60'-70"C.

Av 1(ur rl trpot6oqoeo o€o)pEirol hpri oruooool,)il(rl ,r€Folri ld.

porqpilerot cr6 rlv eF4cworl veqriv zou owio'rmzrct ro:4a on6 vep6

drlv ul'pll i ored qdol. Al,Id. rd olporooqcllpffd. viel €ivcr opord

cro ro idaqoq xol,llttpa qro rol (A y€c,rlpd,qtr<d driol roto touE

le4spworlg prlveg, po),4 otcrv o rllro-< rcprioer zov op(owa

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ogoga pipr to uyog tov 80Km zephou. (Meo6nnnoq). Xoportqpi-

(erot ono Tqv poopcio slorroloq c46 oepporpooiog p.e to uyog xor

Fairio os nFlS prtpmepeg on6 exeiveq t4g Tpor6oqotpo.g. To rcir4o

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ovipT.erct yulerar !\llome oro o.vtitepo erpcipotc aqg p:odoqopag

rd Foplo rorv o€picov ouordEKd)v ?rl( Eri,reunow rcprooqrcpq waPyElc

on' 60rl oroppoqouv llr olrvgTrEla !l1v lrspog6po W;rt. Kowd orrp

lvlso6fidocr4 8rlproogyolvror aolLsg oop6_< viol ro oroi(l 6ivor nolo

apoto I<o1 grl.ror(r oporo 0'16 sili?6lo nopatrlpltq. I&oitepo ora pe-

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oI mu ll,iot ro vierl ourd sivcr n)sov opora oEii g'ri7flo naponlpwn

rrral'rl onro oori{owol vopir€po d.,t6 rov rl}-ro l-otat rou 6a ppioro.

wcr oe g-e1ri0,o t!r11. ll.ocerieror 6tt ro viqq arnd onor€r'ouwct Krlpro

ofi6 'to7oKpooldi.]loDq.

H rupto;rl rrlg Arldoqor.pa5 a<tvor cz6 tqv Msc6aouo4 9e7pr ro i-

ryoc rov 500Km. rD€piroo. ),Eero1 OspF6a{porp.( H g€p[oKpdoia tr]!,

ror.r cuirivrcor p: ro r!qro_: ug/Jn rc 300-350 krn. roOopi{szar r6prc c-

't6 qv lhrllcl 8pooqpdqrd. H 'repop tlg Atgooqdrpo4 0Jl6 6noo

1 0sppoxpaoio o4 -iier vo nopoglver orc0epl g.e to rlyog l!.yerar

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ro rpollorigq,o orprb[oto qq ArFooqarpds, &6T1 Bpiorerot oqv E-

to46ogerpo. 2qr rcgr1\ ourrl to poprol<6 o{uyovo oroppooo trp

r;hcrr1 urspv$ft crwopolia pe pitrfll rdlalog rriro sno to 0.21uq

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olexk gstopd,ic ca6 lpipo os 1gepo. tor ro lu€prloro slpog rlg

0apgoxpooicg sivcr tqE trirhg tov i00-800"C. fto aopoAn7gd.6tav o

ikoq €ivor w€gJ6g w661eror 1 ospporpooio va cohoEi Koro 1000'C,

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O i),!OC nou el\,o,! I x0plc nnyi ev6p.t€ro,C dlov ox€66v ro!r2cL'Jouavov rlou .ft\ro\,raL crlrlv cru6oeclpc rnc ynq, ElvaL o nln-oLtotEpog npog rrl yn adrdpdc, H a[6otcoi Totl dnd Tr] lt Uer[-B6),),erel drtO t4?xroo k$ {2 la\,orEpaou) uaxp! l52x}06 kr (3 r-

o i l loc GLvaL ELo o,eoELdEnC ooc(,pc uE ELduErpo t39xl05 knxo'! €nLedverdri Oeplroxpqr(a 5x103 oX. H gepuoxpaoid ouEdv€ro.Lea6 rn\, IleploEp€lc npoc To xd\)lpo rou illou, ltE anordleolla oroeo.fiepLx6 rou rUild vc Enlxpcro$v oepuoxpaoaec fiou uEopolj! \)aouvtnpo0v luprt\rlx€C a\,rl6odoELC, It r]).!axi Evdpy€r(r rpoApxEraLand Tn olvrnEr| reood.oorv o,t6uarv u6poy6vou nou crxnuar L trouv ava6rouo iLrou (Xoxloc roD Bethe).

H o6ol.ion rou ttllou elvar oo.€rd rol6nloxt. OL eoorEpLxegrou rlEpLoxdc ([up{vac) dxouv oEoroxpooao,. tn c rd:nc rov 20x1oo ox

I gepuoxpad('s, xa! I ldfq rou illou otarr6vovral roxLjrar.r'on6 roxalTpo rou nupivo npoc rrtv napl(06pELq ro\, r\lLou 6nou undpxe L 6vdl€nr6 orp6yr, dn6 6nou exn€urleTq! ro o0\,olo rng nlLox{c d'xrLlo-BotrCaC, rou ovolrdletor i(r r,r T 6 o,n rr u rr o',. Io ndxoc .rrtc qo)-r6ooo'Lpac E(\raL tng rdlnc roo 0.00Irqgcxt ivac tou i l l loo (200-

300i klo). nd\,o an6 rt oor6o(FLpd gpio.Era! rt (lx,)rElvir oxe66! 6!d-equ dtu6o.qLpa rou /rlucu nou fereicrr, "X p o ]r 6 o o a L p a,..fl XprdB6ooalCxr 99d!e L !6Xp! 15,000 kn T!6vo an6 tnv Enlod\reld, rouil\ou, rol ro xdad't€oo drAi,r4 tnc, rou anore).elra! ar6 Oq@6-r s q a a 6 p ! c , l 6 y e r ( t ! " e \ , c l r o € n r ! x i o r o L B d 6 o , , .

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'r'o rtEolra! lnc xp!)uoogc,Lpog xo,paxrrrrlreTa! an6 alTo\iEc lpau|l6car6pp6onong (fpousSc lraunhofer). rin x!r,)u6oi'Elpo .u(,ovCf ovra!

npoeEoXAC trou evu{riNovrqL cv na6ax.C, E\Ii [dvo sr6 aurtl Fpl-o,(ErcL ro n^Lqx6 'o r 6 U |l a', u€ ll.$!!' @nuavLo, nou €[exrei-

\,Ero! oE palll.IEc cnodrdre !C trts rdins ro! exdTouUupi,dv X!).Lo-u6toa)v.

1s a{p!a. en6 ro org|'q, aror;l€tro,L. o ilrlog eptorolrd! oExcld,orqol avto\,alc ouvexaic xlvnonC Ua dnordlEclro rnv ut orol-duopon 60t ttg ltloxis eFlddveLag, 'EroL n Erlod\rela rtq ,(,)-l6ogalpos eeavara! vd qllorelelrdl an6 nolud,pLgpouc root6Lvorjc

x6xxoug, ror.r Xrr)pLto\J1o! ttErcrEg roug cTd oKorellec neploxeCxd! xlvotrvto! cruvalElc pe Cuavd\rloro rp6no. H 6il,n auri roui4!ou oro.('lsto,r, o. lrd,tEc nl,lcxoi ulLxou nou evegalvouv xaLxgrE9aa\rouv orn (9or6orlE!oq.

Ett 4r,)t6oqELpq allLone nogorrlpo{,vm,L rcl d),IoL otnuarlouor:dl t l . )eoL "x n l a 5 e g'r (oxoreL\ jag nEploxgc) ro! o! . 'n u o oo 1,, .And to rt e\r6ldil6porrta! ..d(v6pa\ra tou {L!ou eavo,L xd,! oL" I p o u o o ( p d ! p L x e c t l L a x 6 c e r ) , d u + E ! c , 'nou Ea\rdl gaoLec lrLxo{C 6ldpxELoC expi ielc xal 6rav yLvouoL

uLo lreldll fiEplotrl ylvero!, ,tLo peprxd )'Errd., dpxet€c sbpeclaunp6rEprl, 'orc,! dxouuE ntrLoxdg erld|l|llElc ExroiErl€rol uapoctou tllcxo0 ullxo$ oto 6!ddrn!d rd,L ar.nd}nsrdl avrovl nl€xrpo-!.rY!r)rLxlt axtLvogolLo.

'Old, lo npottoitr€vq (rd!\rduava, rou 6xouv 6tevi draonB F I a E ( , t o u c , a n o t e l o ' i v f l ) v ' , n I ! : ( r x i . 6 C o , o r n p r 6 -t n r c!" roe nqoorroLdlEl neploSlxtE xal uq Fero,Folac xo; axeLclQtd\/rlxi e[i6pqon dra 6l&oopo .t(!lv6l1evc rlq aldrreplg, x'jpLa,drlr60r6lpog rnc Inc,

lnot6leolo rov 6!oodpo.\, 6!€pyddLtiv rrou y tvorrtor! qrd 6Ld-oopcr orp6lorc rot, illog ElvaL n F|.Rolln{ tl.xrpo}rdrvtrlxic o.xtr-logollos xopLa o116 rtv Xrrllr6orlllOdj !rn.\, oxllvoootrL(r rtg Xpofu6oqalpac npodrloara! n axrL\roBolLo t(w uno}.(ftov rtrnlrdrou xaLsxlUd,rlouj)v Tou llluou,,EnEL6i n cxTrvoBolac, Tou illou anoopo-rilarq.r arn! o'qr6oqalpa:rou illou xa! qc ytg, xar ErEroi o!(:rp6o0aLpec aur6c ea\rtri rnyAc axr!\roBolLog, I o6v0E.rn tou !l,La-xb0 qdoIAloc qrn\, eBlod,\)Elc rtg ytc elvc,! qpxEid notirloxn,

- 1 5 ' -

b.t6c 0|!6. tlN nlaxrpolEt\rtltlxil qtlvogolla! trou 61.! |l6ltllo

mdu4T!x6 E{rpos (qtr6 t0 'll'r lGxrt! }cpud oaxatlo lou ratrrou),

o ilroc ExB6!!rie! lcr (lrlAl!8laxli oxrlr,o8o^(a (tuol.!c tlcrrp6-vlc xc! r0or6v!c,, nol, x!!o{rvrc! Us .rcxgfllra 100 aoc 3000 lltl/

a€o. I q$ct!6!q|d artdl o.r!\rogaLd otoral.a ro\, rr I ! o x d.

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Ioo*ti, aBnpEC,lowas rc( 6!diop.r Gt!!6t3vc tltc qv.ilagtls ottdoqE!-

Fe.

2, Metdel rar v6For qrnvopoLiag

2.2.1 Mryloq qtG$oPolidq

To Fslben oKttvopol,ia{ to &.crptvoupe

dvd0lpowol oEt4 tr4#q dttlvopolioe l(or

ovqgepovlor oq &i6ool lllg oatrvopoling

A. Meyfol trry6v

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o' cnrd ,rot)

curd ?ro1)

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EvigJac {:rtpopolvrlu{g arnvopolio4 rou srailu!€ror

ono $o trlyl oq povriDa rou 11r6vou. r<<n p.atp.eror oe Wans ri

cdrnin'r.

Oortopolio rE{Irig rpog prn 6rs60orcrl'

.doda,

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rrEp$dt€1 rqv &.euewol , 6rdqE m€pElg Tovid4 roD K6vo!. |<dr

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on" ).

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eingdrvero qg tElYftq &a tot egpc6o$ qg enqdvaag Kol larpc'tol

o€ wm'? i lymin4. fto lootPorlo Fioo M-1tL.

Ocopntrrr{ rrutwritrFc psy(Oor4 os oproplvo p{rog

roptrroq l'

To rqlitio tng trgrte to! pef€oug o16 )'-d]./2 6o9 l+ d}/2 &o

rolr d]" orw40og ovog6peror oov rt$rl ioD Fsy6eolq dlo

owiorotlo plxog rriPa,tog

B. Mry60q tloo avaq;powar afil 6rti6ool tqq orrrwo$oliag.

Er6ftli 6Yloaq crc!$o$ol'ia5'

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H 6v€pl€1(' otc.wopol'ids Priftooq tdlutoq l' rou tpoofiuttsl o€

qtorl€r{bE flrtqiv€1e dA o€ movo dt qtr6 trlo 6l510wol ttf,os oe

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d.4 oe arireDo roOsro 4og qv &-eu0wo1. 0 eivar q pvio psrci!

lrlg t(ootro! rlg €'n-eov€!q! dA Kol qq &€oouvorlg. Avddroll€t

rpoq qv logrp6rqrc xot Ferpdror oo wrr'zo-r i b,rrtido r.

Po{ oxtuopoliug F6r,y. Evlpyero. arcnvopotia{ p1Korlg

rrigotog I zou &6p1erog cwo gov66o p6vou xat e,Etgdv6rd(., &q

pua4 oroqadDouq sirqdweidg d-4, tcor npolpXeror dn6 6),€9 rq

0ou0woeq g!oo. o' iva 1ploqaipo. H pori ornvopoLidg €ivor ro

oloxtrrlpoFd qq i:!"rdorlq ortwopoliog oe evd ltuogoiFo (ar

F.Erprrrar oE wm''] i iymin't-

fio ro6tpono g600 6 i5o6lg rcpa: Fq1:nl6; evd 1o

upcllrlll 6dop4 otnvopoliq: Fo)=h)ouv€, 6trou 0 q lovio roo

<r7.4pot(etor, ono tlv rri€eq onp emqriveo ror np 6teri0wo1

trlg 66op1g.

B. N6por crtrvoPolfcg

fic qv or"trvopo).io tou Fii.ovo€ nriluotog tclguouv or s$1g

v6por Ko1 opropoi:

Mflar odrpd 1mo0rnr6 o(blrd tou oroiou n qooga'tKrl

nolo6lrlra rne trcprp6r4rcq, Tta Kde€ esplloKpodid oivdl rl

frqio'q &wd,nl. EDiorl! ro Filav od:pc cnoppooder llrlpcrq ng

or:avopoli-eg. To p.ilov odpo eivor oporcyanlE rar roorporq

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).aFJrpoqrq! lrrtrovog oci)uato: F rlp olpFo(pooi4 rou (or ro

1u6og r<6poto9 trlg ctcnvopoliag rco eror4rcrel H qpol rot

sr<gpri{el rov v6go tol Planck eivcr:

l. ,, )-'LOy=crl-' le1r-t1

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o:tou c, -3.742"1o'tzrrn2s'r |<ot ci= 1.439x10-2m"IC

H ypa$ri ndpdorool ,ro! vo!.oD iou Planck Stverqr dio dl2.l.

N5po6 tot Wien Eiver q o16o1 zou piro4 nrpcrog &tor 11

L6y tol v6pou tou Plaact eival gefot4 pa zq oepporpcoio tou

od)parcg. H dl6aq 01) Erepd(61 tor !d!ro loD Wlen €ir.rl:

TI*= c

onoo c- 0.289x1O''m'K

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EX, 2.1 Meropo\ trlE gcopattrrig orvowpc4 tqg

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N6pog to,v Stefan - Eolfmsrur' &v€x rlv l.cgapoqTo xor rry

olffr1 porl oKrwoBolia4 p-6i,ovog oclg.ctog. o[ o1losts rou

crqp4ow rov v6go t(oe StefoD - BolbrDaotr sivo.l:

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our19 0eppoxpooio.g.

I. t€n\:_" ' Ll7)M

El opopou rt r<ovorqro enropqg ge),.cvoq ocbporoq sivcr govddo

nc 6lo to prirrl rugoroq, ev6 rl ffov6Trlro €ri'-ropr1q npclpaaxori

orirpnrog sivor owdpqol tou prlrcn4 rupctog tqr 6ivo.L ndwo

pxporpl trlg 1-tov&5o9. Og(aror oov tDor6 oripa 6vc ono€enx6

otbgo zrou d1a pc. 6Lo ro Filrcn icupa@g oroOcpl e6y oD.o

yrrp6rspq c4g povdda4.

hcv6t4tc crropp6grloqg q1)" Eivor ro owimoqo qg qI) Io qv

ocovopolio rou oroppooriror cr6 ivcr ocbga xm ta;rrn:

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To olorclilpolgr4 og zrpog ), o:16 0 i0)! 6 rov €Qr) Kot qpr.)

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0611110g, owiorollo.

'Az6 roug v6gou6 tou Mqr rcr Stefra - Boltularn €ivor

Swotov ve rmololo0ei 1 Oepgorpcoio w6g od)poroq. H

0epgorpcoio tlorl lttolsfi4srol dn6 rov v6po ro! Wien lir)'eror

0apporpoc{o lp.iFrrto$ Ev6 ouri ,!oo t noloTq€,lol 0lt6 rov

v61ro tov Stefen - Boftrnnarm llysrot Orppoxpcoic oxrrvopolic5.

AltullosrliSpaoq a|r rlto$olicg rcr {\9

Av I I 6vroq trlg orovopo?,iag zol rpoo-rcircrEr o'gvo

odF.L R qg ovod4F.6qg, A rlq anoppoQo$rqg, T tlg

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od)$d. 6ivol os €epFo6woFrcl ltopc/ni& pE ro r€plgdtl.ov ,

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n. .R ,L T

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to Lq e'vot 1 rrov6rpo ercropqg (e), sv(i) ro T/(l-R)

ovogo{ernr &nqoveo ( t ) torj od)l1llroE. Apo:

l: i.Fr(l-r) il F{ltxl-r).

2J g.}.rcK{ arctrvoFor'tq-

flpotcpprrl ctrio tov &aq6pov gorvogivol nou crvouroiooo-

vldr rctr €Eciiooo]?ot crqv aruooqarpo qg TIq sivor I ErtplEro

zor eK/telu€1or pr $opqr1 o.rrlopo),to1 o16 tw rllto. -4,nd rlv e-

vlgtsrd. rou errapnei o ll,rcq p6vo to wa 6roercoroupoptocco,

zepi:ror. iplaror o"sq TI. H raJuq tr19 or."avopo),iog our4g eivor

1.8x10" W!n. l<o1 Eivor (o,io noi,{ lretd}.1ri€pl cn6 to owo}o trlq

ev64ac-: zrou rpoipT,eror cr6 dj*,c ary69. (omrvopo)-i-c oorpor',

Kool]1(1] oKdvopo],id, gepu6'qro oro io eoorEp$6 fllq mq, aKd-

vopoiia po6€vcp/dlv sorgatov x.)'n), p.a orcorll€opo I r,ri6poorl

rou_< mq lscougyit4 tqg ozgrocgcrpo; vo sivcL ocrlynvtl

H qllaq evlgyerc oroppooarol ono qv orl.roooorpo riol ITI\'

€- rodvela q6 llg Kor U€rcrpcitetor oc cor,:cgrl eviglac !uy-

1r6vo:g q etp6ooopo r<ar q eng6veo rrlg yqg orrwopolow ev6p-

nt tilors '!o ouoqpa p1-ctloogorpo vo eivor o€ Ospgo6wd,$rKrl

roopporic g.e to 6doqpc. IoTor r4g cvopotdpopgq; &cn'opr1;

lrlg oiroppoeoliqq sv6plEro4 otd. &doopo qq$ozo zoo 6ood$!-

to9 y.cragipercr 0cpuoapc ys n: &dqopsc rrvrloeq qq otpo-

oootpo4, 'ropdD.lid;rpog trp angavao t4g 749 xot rcrznxopuoo.

Oepgoqrc g.crcoiperar r,riorlg xot ge rr< xrvfosrc rcn, oreovc!:t

H 0sp$qra 6ll"d.6rl lr€ro,rpafifldr oe rr,,4ani €vigl.1d E riolq

oo{ivarot ror q Swcg[t,1 w6pyao t4q otgoorpopo4 era-6il F€ rlv

oaopp6olol ar<trvopolio! e€purrivL"rol lio1 Srddri)*sroL oroue ro

riwpo Brirpou6 tov &-o46pov rp1pc.ro" a1-c getotod(eror yrllo-

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Apc proporige va. OsofiooDlis tr1v o4Ddgdrpc oov grc 616.

ruq 0cpprtl ga7-au1, lolp( rwrpri (pltclrrd) giprl, noo gero-

qtpEt cv!flero on6 ro o€ppb 66o9o9 lrpog ro cvrilrspcl yupcl

orpdlpotc c1g. @eplti ttrlm qg Fuoralq Eivar rl lltori orrrvo-

Bo),(cr 0eppr6 od)Fxr I crzpoogorpo xcr rprlcrl qp ro 5r-rilon1go.

Arordleopc zov &cq6po)v 6t€pp,ouirv Trou Tivowcn qro 6ui-

qopo orp6g4ro roo rilmu eivcn 11 ercropq rller4oucnapqg

cKnvopolio., nou sI$ gali&o googotu<6 eupog (ca6 104 gm !o:g

lrEpucd dlKdto roD gi-rpol,). Efi6q titq 1lerrpopo1,1ar4g ora-

voBol,i.o4 o r1lrcg erdpna ror oorpctr.6roxrl ornvopol,to 1 ozoic

anot€lrtror ojr6 qogtlouSlo oopari6lo (li((1166 ovepog) noD d.

roppoqciwcr oqv cvtilrep4 orp6ogo.rpc (aovo o:16Ta l00km)

xar rnqpedfpw ro &tiqopo orgoogolprKo (Kopi.o)g orard) rpcwo-

96V(l.

Eza&i1 q qlertpopop.laril axrwopolto rou erniprrarcr o116

rov l),ro lQtordro,l dropp6qtlorl d,r!o t1q orgooqop€q ro! ril.rou

rior q; Tlg, 1{o1 5'lst6ri ot o.tp.oooorpcq ouric eivar rqyi! oxTrvo-

pohcirv. 1 oriv€eo4 rou lhdl(ori gdoFllrog dElv rn+drvEtc qg n9

eivcr opxero n ohiarlorq.

Xtov ttivoto 2.1 &vecot q &dxpo1 tqg llurqg orcavoBoiia4

oe zepto7,6g, ge p6o1 r4v suoloEoio, too ovep<irnvou g.ocori oqv

1)-.xpog.qvqttq amwopolio, xor crov rivarq 2.2 oivrral rl

/prDIotlfii ovuJ-ool roo opatou.

To owolo, o1e66v, 116 ev6p?erc6 tou l,,l.!(ori qd|oFdros

(987o) pfoxerar oqv ,r6pqfl dn6 0.25 6o9 3gm rar 6rcv6pamr

oq 4ig: 9% us€prd)6€g 45% opd'86'f'0L460/0vttp\t'po.

Ilivorc6 2. I : ITspoXeg r'1g 1).rorr1g lLsrcpopoplnKrlt qKnvopol,(o5,

<10'' oruiveg x ror 1103 - 0.2 orrbtspo weprdl6sg

0.2 - 0.315 |16oo -(-0.315 - 0,3E eylurepo <r-0.38 - 0.72 opet60,72 - 1.5 syphepo urspuopo1.5 - 5.6 F"oo -(-

5.6 - 1000 cncbrepo <c>1000 p$<por6porc

Kr:cv6flpdowoKirpoolJoprol(o)JK6KKwo

0.40 - 0.,140.45 - 0.490.50 - 0.530.54 - 0.5E0.59 - 0.640.65 - 0.70

0.420.480.520.560.600.6E

tro adlgl2,2 divsror l qcolr.oarrl 6r@opri rtg a&qq hao_

olg tlg }D'urrtlE aftrvpoliq4 6rd. 6p@ q6 mwqq ar!6oqdrpa{

(l), ottlv Enqrivolo tltg Tqg G) (ol rqS arcwopoliog g6l,cvo9 odo_

porog oepporpooia{ 5900oK (3). Alveral sjliolq I &opooFAal

2.2:

- 35 -

cduq lvtool lrlg lkor(rlg (u(rwopolids oqv ett@ovLl{r nll ?16'

ov ofvol0si I q,ropp6qqorl qn6 ro o(vJ6vo, rc 6(o r<or rcog l6po-

rlorig

II \fr

lJ '0.6 10 r2

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tX.2.2 OooFaltlcn dtovoprl t1q er-6u.16 evzcc4q qg Hlctilq

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Eupcpivowog tq roluo).-e I Ko1 3 TroPotrlpotpe 6tt rl otrwo-

potio tou fihou &a46pE dJD6 t4v oKtwopoiio pii'ovoq o6gotog'

Aur6, lavtco, oqei.kzot oto 6rr tr &ogopo ccprirpoto rol tl)'rol

6€v lXod zrfv i3ro e€ppoKpooid Av 0eorprlOsi oa o lll'roE eivor

ptlov otilpn rote, Tra piporo n1g lop:tp6trltoq tou aro 0 474F.rn'

1 €eppoxpaoirr pcigotog 10! TII1,o! 5ivo16100' IC (v6pog Wien)'

H ldIDg ,!ou sK.E6!.insio,l sra6 fiIv lrulD.avsto toD lilto! (OB) €i-

vcl ol)o@oru(i orqo€gil l.q1 looirot p€ 3.91x1d6 W. flo cKTiva

rou tlhou isl rrpog 6.96x10s m H 0eppoxpooio orrwopolic4 ,rou,

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vao. tqg 7r1g 0eorpcilvra5 otr 5a, rnrapT"a 1 crgoogorpo €cr Eivot

p= -%- n t t' Arrd:

onol dr1 otrootocr4 1'qg-i1l"tou.

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rpor0a{ ol9. Elpor<ivetor otr or. reprodu<lE rcu. gq p-erapo).-iE qg

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ruoogcrgag orov 11 11 ppioxcro cq g.eoq a:rootooq rqg o:ro tov

r1iro, Li'yecoL 1iror.1 orooepd xor eivot ioq npog 1.36?x103 Wm'2

ri 1.96 calcm-'?min-r.

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qrd.6p1d. r4g o'!p6o9orpd4 €laproxolofi6 rnv lplpo rou etor:g xor

to TEoTpoori(6 aiJitoq rou 16rtr!. -{l Ah €ival uro o"ror7-eri6qc o-

txirE 2 '4.

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rspvdsr qno tqv Ao.H Fo 0c sivau

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H Z toorllol g€ rlv ievt0rcq ot6oroorl zou rli.tou (lorvitr nou

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nou €v(ilv€1 tov ,ropcdlqr4 g.e ror' 1l.ro), xor elolxdtor on6 rqv

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opq6ftro erlrgdvero, (ro oiod,rlpola ono o!,orol,{ lr6lpr &tq tIS

F" ) ao! i,iyeror grc{lia @gef46$r!T 4lroKrl orovoBollg) eivor:

t r \74Qo - sl

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loluel: ouvz = lFq'|p6 + ouvqowdowH (oL2.4)

6ror: p : to porypcarrd rlitog

6 :1 cz6nlol tou'Ilhou

H : I opraio yovia tol,'Hhorr.

Av .o €ivolr yovldKrl tdrranto .qq lqg to.e: <ie4{

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6rEoo HArl ogrdio1oNto woto\E rot'l{koo.

H yeoypoorr4 &avoFl|, 1<o.ro tqv fujqKel{r tou kouq, t4g cl-

o1)uio4 8iveror oro o; 2.5, w6 11 errloo ropeia. qg oe Euiqopo

leoypo4rrd zr],riLq, 6ivewL oro o'L 2.6.

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d) trq rolF€pwbq iEe$ovb \ aoq)'io ro0' 610 to 6109

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n€ptotig ol)tq to Z 6€v sivol ,!ori g.ei'dlur€po dJr6 23.5"

rar 1 g-6po, &oprei nono 12 dlpeg.

p) H F€liorA efiloro p€rdtokl trlg ropotlp.irdl drolg n6louq

onoo c)(6t T1lv nFil O Korti zo lapepv6 ltrootrioro (ptine

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an6 rov op(owcg Ev6 y'vsrol pilcroto 0epw6 noo r1

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ro yE0}lpd'grK6 nl4tog 1600 ele"rd)vE-roL ro rolol(olpl 1

poil d,@KrlE orcrwopoi,i-a4, d,).ri orlcveror rt &6pteto

qg rp€po.{.

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y€o}ypo.rDiKd nlhoE I €rolll,o oro \r6flo lpooo{pl,o €ivol

g.eJol,lureprl ano to p6pao. T€tKi 69o19, to owoltr<6

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r . f l , t l a t l l t 0 , i t l

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30

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6rou I( tr) r l dvtdon ox.r ! \ ,o9o} ' tac opxlxic alraonc I( l )o rou 6!a-istx.! rrixoc x .\r6C ul,Lroo (Nduoc Beer). Av drouuc lctr o|(e6aon(- anotdxpLvon q,rrovio! drl6 rnv dpxLxri €,6ol1n lre uErogoiti rrlc6Le00uvottc xivnoic rouc ) r6rE Bo( 'ovo"i loyi .a . .ooc ro! \ )duo rouAaer 4 s€doga\rnon dl( l ) Od. eivoL:

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(2 , \ r )

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s , . . = i r - r (2 .19 )

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a. txcocon Rayle igh

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46-

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tov gotoviov lopig vB fr8ld9lrlo6i I er€gyed 1or4. Aror6Leollr

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sivor lsuxolpouv, &on os owEucop rcr, ge tr1 gcopcorl &cvo-

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t1g cxnvopd,ica rcr pril.rorc oq orsdcq Rayleign to 50% qg

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oulExELa oror, LonuepLv6 }|oL 9u eLfixovto ouvex6c ra uEyd-UrtEpc yEdypclrlxd E)'d,tnt un6pxe!. ulc ueTcleop6 evEpyELdc01lo Tov LotpepLv6 npoc Touc E6touc. H p€Tdoopd auTi ytvE-rs.L ue aLc cruoo(lcLpLlreg BLvlioeLc xer ro gc.i'd.ooLo p.tFare.Ac 9Eopnoouue 6rL n rpon6oqcLpa 6LcLpEi.ro.L o€ f6vEs i .d.-rouq iro\ia.6!ai,ou eipouc ndpa^liils npog ro! lor1E€pLv6 rnc' tnc, l ro ox. 2?4 6tvovtoL TBooap€c !6vec rEr lypoaLxo0n),6rouc (d,9, r ,6) rou Bopetou n*LoqaLplou. To, jgoc xdgeCowc )@I6nrEL 6),n rrlv lpon6o(0s.Lpo, H C6vt o Bololle.rdL otLcrponlx6c rEpLoX€c, r t B oto leoypdqLx6 rd.d. rog 35o, r1 . r orcUeod i av{irEpa n\d..rn xa.! n 6 ytpo on6 rov 66oELo n6).o. TooEpuLx6 Looatyro xd9€ a6vnc 9a EEcprAraL 1600 dn6 .rn\) oor-

lovtLa 6oov xdL ar6 rrl! xo'rsxdpuen u.roj9opd evapy€Ld.e.An6ro oxipo 2.2,3 6xoue 6rr, ou C6vrs nr6rouc uLxp6repou .ro\r

35o 6xouv nte6vdorla €!6pyeloq. ev6 oL C6vEc nldrouc ueya-) . i r€pou rc)v 35o atou! E} Ie l l la Err6pyeLcc. Av unosaoourE dr !6€v eXoB€ Eeraoood ev6pl€Loc xord. r ! ! opLe6vrLd. 6Le!9uvonxc! 6rL ro de6vaoua (6 .ErEd) Ev6pyElac oE xds€ ! (bvn ouv-rE),ei drnv gEp|lcvoa (+0En) qc !6vnc etvcr 6uvar6! vo uno-y i .oou] lE 9EopnrL{6c r r tv u€on gEoEoxpaola xagE e6vnc, OL r r -Ftc curac ro! gEprroxpdoL6v ndpouoLa(ou\r ]lia EeonEopLvir gag-

u[6a gepl1oEpo.tidq t{cTd, no),i rr€yc),hEpn rnc lloparnpoullevne .'EroL

tLo va axouE rn! trdparnpoirpeln 6lovouri !6oov .rioLov9.plro).poolrirv rE ro.reo.rpdqLx6 nldioe npang! va lailg&rreL x6-pd uerd9op6. €vepyELac o'nd tov LoruepLv6 trpos roue ft6tooe.H pEraaopd quri oegi.IeroL xdrd 2or oro, goLoooLo oE0uardxs.L xard 80t orlv -te\lLxi xux),oaoplq. rnc ar!6oqoLpaS. rroox. 2,25 6LveroL, n ugon Er ioLa, xar6. .y Eoypo'a Lr6 n l .d. . rog,6lovoplt filv oEoLXEi,ov rnc rlpoe rous l!6],ouc treroaoodc e!6o-'r E Loq dro oootnuq, tts-a'ilr6oaoLoac.

Erov X&orn 2.26 6L.JEldL n yeoypsrrLxri 6lavoEi rng AEpuo] po-

ol:.c ornv enLedveLa rnc Sd.Iooode .!ua roue Ei!€e rdloud.pLo

-?3-

rFtr!6lr3uon

rx. 2.2+. zdn,.c r..rypaolxoi nldrous

I(I

c

.

Ix, 2.2t. ugott edlo!c., r.q,rd. y.alpqplx6 rtd,roc

, 6rdvouri to! qrolxsitcv .qc rpos rouBr6lorrg ueroaopAc oloteuoc (oe I0l9kcal) <rro ot.rrrya yqs-aru6oparpas.

atI

2

r

le

t '.6!10..!0&lor|oo aE --i

_ +! t _

!1ed4 gEpuo}toerid' o.nv E[lod.vsra rne gdlaoodg rov ravou-

d.pLo (c) , xc! rov io6) .Lo (B) oE (oc) . n 6LdeExoptrevnypau}I f t 6e l t lEr , rn! O6on rou SEpULxoi IonUEp!!o0.

X E O A A A I O 3

E E P M A Y N A M I K } t I ( A I I I A T I K H T H I A T M O I P 4 : - ! - 4 - E

11 gEpBo6u\,orllxil rrlc otu6oeaLpdc Cx€L od! oson6 vo EE€t6-

oe! an6 g€ppo6u\rBulr r tc n l€updc r lg 616!popEc 6LepYaoLEg rou

ouugd|vouv orr! arudoaaLpa. s nopqxoloigron rov 6LeoYdoL6v

nou lsugovouv xd,pd oirl! oru66ed,Lpe .rlvero.L rre rn goigElc 6!a-

a6oo! nqpd]lErprlv 6rtr,)c 11 gEprroxpoola, n n6plexillr6anro tng a-'ar i66r@Loac oe u6por l . Io lc x ,a. n.X. YLo r lc uEtaFoI€C tnc

gepuoxpaoioc onou6ttio pdlo nll'ifouv oL xdadxdptxr.g r.lvrloELs (Exr6c

on6 r rg ooL!6vtLEC) . A i t !a nou rooko) ,ouv tLC xdrdx6pueeg xLvr ioELq

o' )H 96plavor l tou e66i9ouc IX. 3. la .

9)E roroyooeia, 6K,rc rl unopEn Ev6c goulot nou o 0epudc ddpac

avotxdcErdL \ ,a dv6BE! tx . 3.10.

y)lt 0rcpEn uEronlnitc erlpd.veLac 6nou nd),L o Sepu6q cldpac av.goi\rEi

ocv t).aap6tepoc ndlo ar6 rov ouxpd xor 61('! 5nllloup.tEi aord8ELa

l x . 3 . 1 y .

6)8 oityxllon oEplou uaa{iv xard .rnv oroio! 6€v lnopei o oapas vo

orrooLrpEus. l xa! avayxdfero, ! o€ o\ ,o6Lxt l x ivnon rx. 3.16.t l uEtdBol t l tng g€pl lor{poofac 6e uLa adpLd EdId nou xL\ , r i roL

xarqx6pueo e ivcL t r io dnd r !c odorx,C 5L€praoiEG i rc dru6orraLooc.

Kdrd rnv 6vo66 anc n lldfa exrov{nverdL ),610 €).drroonc rnc trieonc.

XarC rnv Exr6voon q.urrl (ai:':to! rou 6yxo!) XonoLuonoLEi 9Eou6rnra

an6 rov Eout6 rnc Yld va EtLooppor ioe! rnv ElapyELd nou 6and\ /dro!

xord rn! extd\Jooll tng craot 6E! udptEr EF,oreprxrl nn.ri gepu6lrrdc,

H OnEq auai ylv€rdL ouol6roprDd. Aurrl n trEraFofui rng 3€ptroxpcoicc

rou oeei lcro l ud\ro orn uErd.Bol i rnc nr :csqC IdyEraL a6Lagat lx i

Exr6\Jrdort xoL o pu$u6s EE ro\, onolo o$xEtol n udao Eilol n "qnoi

d.6Ldocrrr i g€puoaesEi6o" na! e ivd.L ion ue t0o/ I000n i 5 .5ol IOo0

f ee t { I x . 3 . r € l

+r t +t\ : , i : r"* ; &:f*t t l | |

(a)

/N16)

'{;__!t;*',tt I i l**ta;-i:-7_yt-*'(f_-I_-J).-

- - - l - - - - ,l t +

: - - _ ' - - ? ' l

\ - . - - - ; /\ \ f.;- 'r\ l ' i -\li;t

lx i td 3. ! .

a E o u o r ( o d o i c r o u d 6 o d x o L o L u e r o -

a ^ 1 4 . , n .

a€{l)po6uE to! atEooaalplr6 d€pa

a') ro'r Enoo'i odoo' 6) rous uSparlrouc,

"urp6c ax6peoroc aepoc" nou g.oporjlE

rcr 9d LdXUEL rl xarooro'tlxi EEioodrl

adv plyuo 6i,o L6dvrx{tv depi.o!

To uiylo ' aur6 ElvcL o6rL eivoL L6avrr6 adpro

tn\, iE)lEtoN aEpio!,

K o l d o r a r L x i € € i o o ) o n E n o o t d ' d o a .

oC lv0Jor6 yLa ro' L6alrxd o6plq, n eEiooon a'uai ouv6dE! rnv

r ieon (P) tnv ruxv6rnro (p) xo! rnv 9Epuo).pooia (TJ. Ar la6i :

( 3 . 1 )

aou o 'Epiorr ( rR) .

rLa rov Enp6 oapd .ro ouorarLxd rou Eiva! tvolotd xa96c RoL

ro reoov lropLdxd gdpoc auroil (;) yv!)or6 xa! ioo rpoc zs,e ffiF

H rLui yng o l6 lx ig orcgEpdc rou Enooi d,po (Rd) EivaL lon uE^ - - - ̂ 5 e l q2.87 I0-

; ; iR tuvnsoc dvtr : rns nuxldrntoc xpnoruorouoiEE rov

6yxo nou xarola!96:v€ L n lovd6a rrlc udCdc, to! onoio xd,oip6

cLQl]d- 9f.I9 a(8t-) xar L6x6€L n oxEonl

c . p = l ( 1 . 2 )

'Ero! n xctqotat lx i €Eiooon (3- I ) ypdoercL: t ld ro\ , Enpd ddpd:

P d = R d r ( 3 . 3 )

6t rou n orogEpd (R) xdJ,e i ta l eL6!x i oragEpd rou aEolou ro! Elvq! :

o Ldyoc tnq ndyr6ouLac o lageodc (s ' ) 6Lc . rou Moo! ot Bdoouc

To A'0eppo5u!c!Lx6 oE i.,pa yrd. itv uo\d6d rnc ud.fo.C erepd-

d q - a l u + d w

: I gapuornro rou npoapapErcL orrt E6fa: n peraBolf rnc €oorepLxrlc evApyelBe. n nclpcl.oti apYou

6nou dq

G . { )

atla6i alt6 ro rlod6v rnc 9€pu6Tnrog rlou rpooeApEraL oro\, c6pa

rr€poc curic xptorlronoleirol yla rrr! napo.yoyi 6prou {Exrdulon)xaL ro un6lolllo yLa rnv atEtot lrtc gEproxpcrolcc tou s€pa. H

eEtqDarl (3.{) clvalpcpErs! orn. }ov66a rnc udlac r(!L Ero! d!a-

odoovrcr xer, 6),€c oL lrld xdro ]sro$Inr6c.

- f 3 -

'o Ds Eivo'L .r!0)016 alit - P ' dn (3.5)

'Ero! r t . (3 . { ) yCv6tc l r :

Av genp/loo ul's lo6xopn lrsragoti, 6nla6i o dyxoc ve rlopqr6ve Lota8Ep6g t6re I (3,5) rivEraL dq-du. Anla6i ro r!0o6\, rtq gEp-

Uornrcg XptoL[ei,eL 6]0 lLa rlv o''JEnon ttc gEpEor.podaoc

xo,L atoL urop(i) \,q, ypd,{n!:

d q . . c v d r ( 3 . ? )

6no'r cv - {jf I elvcu n E!5uri $Epu6qta. uE oragep6 6yxo.

EuvEirtc To A'8eplD6uvalLn6 eEio)Ud .fp6qETaL und qv uopai:

dq - cvdr + Pda

d q - d l u + P d a ( 3 . 6 )

( 3 . 8 )

EnE!5i o EL6Lx6g 6yxoc ouvdooc 6Ev DErpdrd! ornv GrudoQaL-

p(! cl,Id' n nlEon, 1r'cur6 scr. Exey'qoourE tlv (3.8) Ee ].itc

Ldo6iNoEn rrlc Eopqi. An6 rnv xorsorar Lxri eEid,)on rou Enpo$

aapo Pa=Rdl + Pda+adP = Rd[E ] .crL r l (3.8) I i ,v€rd.L:

a l q = t C y + R d I d T - a d P

a l q = c p d T _ a d ! G . 9 )

6nou c-=(++L Ei lal I EL6rsr gEpu6.rr l rq UE doseprt t r tEon.

O L r L u * c r o u c € i v d L : c p - 0 . 2 4 -ger9! oK

" v = , . , / g i T K

Iox6€L 6e n oxdon: ( lx6st rou t {aye!) .

c p - C u - R A { 3 . 1 0 )

A 6 ! q B a r L r 6 c r r s r d B o I 6 c s r n !

il-lr-g-s--e-.e-.t-eJ'Ordv

11lo' p6la oapo ovdpxera! 6Laor6].rra! enEL6ft nnledt rroo eEaoxsirs,L rdv'd o'ouri an6 rov y0po a6pd etor-TdDercL ue ro 6'10g. Xard, tnv rlro na\)o Err6'Joon ftood,.yrrsLon6 rn! udlc! rou oapa Cp.ro oe gdpoc rnc esorspLxig rouErr ipyeLac, !s anor6l .Eqro va raqr€L I 9ept. lor.pooia tnc. 'Avr l-orpoqo 6rcv n rrdla ).drApx.roL crror6teral xaL xaro.\,al6vera!epyo rcu rapd.fErd.L d.T!6 r4v arx6ogoLpa. Erolrav0)c n soo)repLxriev6preua rng ud.foc q,uEavero,L trE arorg),Eo|ra v'auEd\,Elo'l ngEpuoxpdola rnc. oL xaro*6pu9eq xrvioELc PdCd)\, oape ei\roLdpl.cra ypnyopeg 6ori va lrnv yl.vErar dvra}.}.olil gEpu6rrrac,

!E dxrLvoBo),io ti uEta.gopd ueraEi rnc udloc xg'u rou oipc!nou rtv nepL8dL}'el. OL uEra0o),6q enoueloc 9a Elva! (ox€66!)06LaFa'rLxec.

- g o -

tLa a6laBdrLxec ) ,oLn6v i rEroPo),6c n EEiq lo l t (3.9) . rpdeErar :

CpdT = adP ( 3 . 1 1 )

Xpno L ]1oro L d)vicrs ,rrl! xs.tq.ororLxtl et i.ooon yLa iov Enp6 dgo{L

r t ( 3 . r 1 . ) r i \ , e r o L :R^T

cpdr - --F- dP n "of

=Ra i- (3.12)

H oroxl ipdon r tC (3.12) !d.S 6 lvrL!

T 9

.-{ +--, lS rr r"*-}r^=e-' ) - ) ' p

i + - = ( ; - ) - - ( 3 . 1 3 )

s E! i .ooorl (3.13) . ivoL I y€v!x{ rrop<Dr1 rnc EEtooorc rou polsson.Av geo)oioouue Po=t000nb .16r. n gEpuoxoaoio ro nou av.ruo-rouxeilal€to! r 'AuvnrLtr i SEptroxpaola' , reL oulgoriC.rcr u. e. .AivEraL

6E ar!6 rnv ox6on:

o= r 1 ! ! ! ! iK (3 . r4 )

6noo X - -F: - 0 .285

416 guoLxtic u).e!pdq rl 9.psoxpaoia e Eiva! ourri nou go atrox-rr1oe rl l io d.€pld !d.ed ov ouurLedrEL a6LdBdir r .d ota looomb. ouolsd nou!.raeon onl!'iv€L d.vo6o rnc 9Eptroxpaoiog rr.tc ud.!ag, e ) T.,EXEL6E rnv XapaxrnplorLk i L6l6rn lo va rdpduave! o1ogEoi or-S a6Ld-gqr lxec uEra9o).6c, xaL EivaL xcpaxr tp lorLx6 u6yEgoe ULac axo-pEorte a.aploc ltdfas.

- E r -

F r i 6 o o . d n u 6 o a r u 6 v o r ! c a 6 L c B a -

t ! x C c t t E t a E o ) . a c

Ko.rcdrorLxn EEL@on rov u6odTu;v. ool(tu6c ro! Slao6oov naod.-

c4ps!--qpss"tsG:

oL uooaruoi rlou neolixovral rrnv ar!6o.Do!pa, €o'6oov

n ars6o(roLoa 6€v 6xe! (oSdoEL oto! x6po, ouI[Eolo6oolroL 6rurc

xol ro o'itrd d6pLo. 'EroL rt r4oraorarlsi EEiooon yLe rouc u6po-

tlooc Sa ei,vsL a!&),oyn npoc rn! roo Enpoir a6pa.Av loLE6v ovoud.-

oouuE lre e rnv peolxti ni.Eon tov,u6pdtrd,! | mb)BE

pv: rn! nuxv6tnra ro! u6par[div.

Rv:tnv eL6Lxi ordgEpd r.)v u6pcrurtv.

Tdre n xaroorarLxi l eEi .ooron ILa.roug uoparuot ,G so EL1,aLl

(3 . rs )

Or 6E €Lttlxiq A.p!6trFec ro! u6oa.ili!\) Cpv (ur!6 orasEpd ri€on)cw luEd oraoEp6 6yxo) 6xouv irc r ! !a; :

cpv = 0.44 -S4- , cw = 0.33 -93f-' 9r -C "" CroCIoxuEL 5E n ox6ot cPv - crr,, = Ru

o. I !.pLr.i rieor rG)v u6oq'tltirv le) il rdor rrdv u6poru6v XprloL_uonoLeirdt yLa rov npoo6!op!oU6 t tc uypdoLqg. xXE.r l (erc! 6Eu€ -rnv "gX4!:I_9]!gg!4 6po nou rov xpiloLuoEoloulrE oux.\,aotn MErEopo).oyia. A! n EdCa rov u6par!6v eival xe).op€oudvlt6rE I rd.on auril to! u6paruitv Eivd; r ,'UEyLorn rd.oln,, ouUBo_l icEto,L ue (es) x<(L 6iveraL an6 rt ! EE ior l lo-. ] c lausLus _Clapeylon cEv ouvd,prnot rtg gepuoxpa,olo,g xcL u6vo.

-82 -

dnou e"o = e.11 1n'51 10=2?3.15 ("Ki, L = l4vgdvouoo

gepudrnro eEdrtlLotts. lt nu&v6rnra rov uoparuriv {pv} exnE@po-

ougvn oe (grln3) raurLfElol apLlunrlxd pe rn! GT!6trurn ulpooio

(e) exrEqpaouts1)rr oe (mnqg).

a. Avd.loy la uiyudroc (!i) elval }!io .t}Ir naoducrrios npoo6LopLouorr

tng uypooioq rou agpc' OpCCetdL oov I rdtra ro! u6pdru{bv rcu

rEoLgrolro! orn rlica roo Elpo{' d'6pd'

M., M-/vn=E-= T;7 ;=q (3 .1?)

XpnoLuoroL6vtcc rrt! ko..'qoro.rlxi sliooon yLd ro! Fnp6 o.6pandl toug o6od.tuo'jg n oxto! (3.17) rpdlr.rar

P , R a . . R d ^ - .6= E;;=t (4=0.ezz,sral

EnsLSf t p -eEP noooevyuorux6 w=e f ( 3 . 1 8 )

'Alc^6yog npoc rnv ( 3.18 ) I avaloyla Uiyuq,roc xexopeoualovu6poruri)v btvsrar aI!6 rn oxEcrn

w" - "

j - ( 3 ' 1e )

xdl €avaL ouuiprnon rltc Oepuol1paoioq xcL rnc ntEonc.y. EL6Lxli uroaola {.{)r Ei\,o,1 n !d!a rov u6oq,.iuiv nou EEpLaXov-

rol 6It udfa rou uypot agpq.:

s = i-:n:- = ;-f;- = -T;tr (3,20)' ' V ' d - v P d

Ue Ueyd.Lrt npoodyylon unoootuE !o_ro$pE 6ru q=r,i 6"6oug.,ou_ 3di! to Il Eivol rrlg rdEng rou l0

$ avdlol i,a ![.r)loroc xo! I e!6rxi uypoola xapdxrrpr:eov-ToL od! olorrlpo$Ue1)eg L6L6rnreq yLa t-!Ld tdga uypot aEpcreq'6oov 6c\, 6XeL }'d.Be! X6po. oupnixvr,)on u6parl{iv, }{drd rrlvaorooarrxrl dvo66 iou ueoc orn! arEdoasLp(!.

6. lxtr l t i i urpoqlo. htx): eivar a dcc rov u6parl l t ;N rou r lEpld-xovral oe op!(ryt\ro 6]xo c.6ptl', Eooc auriv qv ldaa r(l'! u5pa_Tlrd,v rrou 9d EiXE o g6!oc 6yxoc q,v iTav xerop€o!6voc

h = Tr- " ! - = * - - -+- (3 .21)

H oxErrxi uypodid 6ev !6ve! orasepi xdio' rtv a6Lo.Bcrrrx{dvo6o uLd.s @{6pEornc ldlac uyoo0 a'6pd dttd duEdve!, 6!6r!ro ll laveL oro9€p6 e\rdr ro lJs E),crr6vE:o! ltr. Ttv €ldtrr.jorlt iC geploxpdoioC,

x a t a o i a t L r i € E i d o o n u y o o r i o 6 o a .

MLo sagtuclrLxi ,xepo'sr rnc "xdraororlliq EEioootg rou

rr.ypo6 dapa" a\rdlo.ya uE exelvr rou Enpo$ 90' ei.vaL:

P - PtnRnT l3 '22)

6rou pn : rr ruav6qro rou uypo$ alp6

\ : n e!6rxi oldgEpd rou uypo$ a'6pq'

ooLlouu€ u{.a sepEo|(paolo' q) 'c 'S4SI9g!_9sp!9:

}!ggtig" nou eL\,q'L n lEpuoxpao{,a nou 9d EtxE o oyp6s a'Cpaca! I niEon xeL o €L6Ll6c 6prog o.uto0 irov ioo tr€ rds\)r l-oroLxo tou Enpoi d€po,. AloEELxviErclL 6rL I gEp)toxpoola

euri SivEro! an6 rr oxEonr

T v ' T l 1 + o . 5 l d l t 3 . 23 t

6rcu $(gr lkgEl n avaloy lo piyycroc rnq a6pLac udlac. 'Ero!

n xorasrorLxit eEloo)ot yLc! ro! u.rp6 o.6pa .ri.vetc!

P - p R d \ ( 3 . 2 4 )

tnueL{.rCov 6rL n "q,vrioroLxn 96pEorpo'oio" 6LqeepE! ro nolnxo'ao 3t r€pinou cr6 rn geouoxpaoia T.

l . E ldrroo. l inc 9sproxtaor :oc Loogoprxd BaxpLC 610! t "gdoELoir j gEpuoxpcoid 6o6oou (Td) . E&i n avo^o. , ia l l iy tEroe pe, /e!o r o € E p i ( r x i [ o 3 . 2 ) .

?. I ,0 !n -ou uyoo(, aapd uE EEdrrLon ! .poi ueoa' o.drr r6v. Ldogc-p!x6. E66 uErogdu.EroL rr ovd,\or ia rrillqro!, ,l 6c rpoxrir.roD-od. g€p|lorpaoio eivaL n SEpuor.pcoia lou ulpo$ oEppouarpou(rr) (:'. 3.2 ).

L l66n rou uypoij aapa 5! a6Lagorl}(ric exr6vujon!. An;,o6i nniron €).arr6vErar, n avalol ia Uiyuarog u*v€! orogEori xaLI o x € r l x i u y p o o i . o . o u E d v . L d o c 6 r o u y i v E ! r o o N ( ! x i ! o 3 . 3 ) .

'ordv o xexopeoiralog uip6g oapoc ouvExiaE! vo avE9oivE!

!€oq orqv oruoo(oalpq xdL !a ouunuxv6vEL u6pdrtLorrs n Extru-

olavn lolgd\Jouoa 9Epl!6rnrd rcr:!.1 va geoldreL rov o,pa'

aroL 60r. o pugu6c {i0Eqc auro0yivEta! ulxp6rEoos an6 out6!

rou 0a ELx€ uv irov oa6p€otog.

! t d t L x 6 t n c o r u 6 d @ c r o d .

no),l.d. rrerEopolo.rlrd aaLv6p€la eEaptd'lraL an6 rn! op!C6!-

rro. aer xarar.Opupn uctdvopi rov uE r €opo),oy L xtiv ucrdglnrd)v? noro td. ctvo! ailora),Eorrd xc.rox6pugng seraaopdc t@! dv6uElEnc.

OL xaaat(6pnpEC xlvrioELc E6oo orrlv artr6o@oLoa 6xou! oradn !€tnv Euqrdg.Ls i aorAsE !a duric Eu6rd9€ !a ]',yEro'L n xoraoEo-o! tng otUoogo.rpac c'rn! oEoio 6€v r6,po,rnpoivtdL xerdx5ou4ec

cvo6Lxe! xlvioeLc, AotdgELa L€rEraL rl ).ard.o!ooq exei.vt rnc

atu6oq(1lpo.c n onoicr xc.po.xrnp|leraL cn6 tvtovec avo6lxac ).Lvn-

oELC. Or ovo6Lrac xLlrioELc 6xouv od\, drior6).E6ua rn! ouurtxvoonu6po,tlriv xaL rnv 6npLoup.rlc 9poxir 6ivrc xdr d.l,),o! uer.opo).oyL-rd! {raLvo!avo\,. EEerdlErcL ev rpor.ElBa\ro n €uordgElo, ri aord-ga,,o, rns d,rp6oedLpcg oE dxaorl ipoq rLc xq.rax6pr4Eg ).Lvr1o€Lc,6n}'a6i n drerLxi Loopponi.a dJtlic.

- 8 5 - -

. d \ a flx iuq 3.2

toogopLxi 06En: !o6|loc pO.

IoogapLr.|l 00En lle ouUrlx\jo-on: ApOUog PQg. de: A Etd.r-roort Tnc tdcnc tov u6paqr6!(116 rn oqfi6xv.)crtt.

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on. ApOEos POtl. l_(!'td s\, 6p6so Or rc a(t$)

6rdrrub6rcL u.pl jrq 6n6 rtv oqrn$xvG)on xo!

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l l u 6 o o o r a r ! r . r i e E i o o o n

I o'tlt6og.!rpo' 9pLc'l{€rol cruvsxd)g o6 xivlol, Ev toiror,cav OsorpioouEe ivo l€|!16 orpd)ud. a6od o! rpoc rc! rllivo 6u\xi-UelC fiou €Edoxo'ivte! o'auT6 enE!6i n ri€o.n eld-rr6v€ro! |!pocrd rd.vo, dvr Lola'gutEovlol , or€66v ni,vra., anO rn 66vs,En rrc9optrtras.

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-dp - gp dz

o n o u p t l u x v 6 T n r c r t g

H EEiot 'on { 3.e51 EL!a'LpouerpLx6c r l l roq.

yurari d'v u6poora.r lxit EEidlq it Bo-

Drih rrovo.Sra{,cs

f r ' -gP (z.zs)

n L€on=trr+dp

oE t]{og z Eilor p(z) t6!e .rE6 tnv ( 3.e5 ) 6xo:

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( .

J""P ( z )

r-= I sccz

il e'rEL6ri p(d) = o

p(z) =J sedz G.26)

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I nb r 1.03 dyn an-2 = 102 I,tr .-2

r . n 6 ! ! d u ! x 6 6 d r o .

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\,.to! ylq rne a!rl+!an !d(cr I kE ord rn\J erLQdv.La rt! ndlcoco, saxpLa quroJ rou

onrc{ou. hla6d ro t.r!6!vcr!rd .i!cr, ro 6u!cr!rd rou r€5lou oopJrnroa. To dpto

rou rdrololdvcr.L .r!o rl|r aur{{on r & atd io rJ+o6 r os ,J{o$z}dz.ivcL;

d o = g d z : 1 _

T"t-lpa ro y.o6u!ou!rd de rJ+oa z .lvoL

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0.op6!rar dr! ro y.u6uvctLrd t (o) crrt! .rl|liv€ld rna odloodns edsL !n6d!,

OpJa.rsr, oc! y.o6!!q9!rd rJ{o. ro :

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drou go n rdon r ! ! { rou t r r r )v ErLgr tvcLo rna yn. . (8o ! 9 ,8 ns-r ror o l r loro lxc j

orn! tL ! { rou g sr ! . r lgduels rns odlqoo! ! oE T,r .38o) . To ycD6u\ , ! !L) ,d U+o< 6l -

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drou c n crtiw rn. 1n!, lt crdtrlro dui,l rou fuE ro J+os .i;vor rqs idq.os rou

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r{s .[do@ns 6LdlL 6!!9opti 2-3 Bb qrnv tJ.on cJvdL onualrLx{ yld tLs opLldlrLcs

rL\ , {o.Lr rna qrrdoqqLpoa. r ! 'a ! rd ro ldyo ro,J{ ,or 6Jvcrs! sc y.uouvcl lx( i ldrpa.

l r fdrr d lqv ocopodtr 6Ldqops . rUr .6! ornv ar !do!s!pd 6e! rdpvou! . crLgdvcLcs ic_

pdl l i l . . rooa rnv erL9. i \ ,E!o rn! ln i d l l t i !coy.o6rr !s !L ids Er !9d! .1. . (€rLed! . ! .a

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lrov rdvsro I 6i!o!ro! oL rLrds rou leoycrgLroJ J.loua z roL ro! o\,.rlno!Xo!

r.D6uvdllrod $ous Z o. r.r. aoor rolda ro! oL q!r!olo!x.( ,!!ds rns Cvroo:ra r0r

N I N A X A ' 3 1

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f!d. tlLc a6Ld9a'rlx6 a\,epx6usvn i xdrEox6BEvn |r&(d oSod

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dp.. _ _:-+. dz_d '

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AO(rdP = -lll- dz

td'

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EnEL6il O|rl|)g -i' . r dXoupe

( 3.3o)

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!E ro! i6!o puqd. H 6e rLllri tnc lnpig d6Laoarlxdc S€puo-

EaStri6qc EavaL orqgEpi. AC ouljBoliooutt€ rn\, rLurl auri ue{rd). Drrt! ar!6oqaLpo 96BdLq I g.ptroxpd'ola u€.idFd?.).EraL ucao t+oc d.).d I rLri rnc 9eplo9agui6dc {|=S)6el,. elvriL oTase-pl l d l ] 'd uro loy i leraL an6 sEto ioe!c (od6roFol ioELc) .

luyx€ErdL .i,r.old. n o6la0a.rLl.i 9Eploga$ui6d y!o !!a ]la!doeoa' nou xllei.rdL rpoc rc End.\l! ]l. ro! pu9!6 nou rtarr(:)-!Eic!! n geproxpdor:a uE ro tUoC Uaod ornv dttl6o.ioLpd , HrlocY]larLxil gepuogq,g!i,6a rou lrEoLOal).ovroc flcocrnpei.!o!dE6 6E6orravo rlorr rld,Td,yod4ovraL ar!6 Ooyavo nou neraroeDovraL

us undl6!!c i aepoEr6vo nou nep!o6! utoa dE evd uEydtroopL9lo 6elrrdr.Dv adpd- A! rlrov 6ulardv vd' ERlalowe t'Ilaou!$ixn 6rov €rllxoar.i xivnon xo.L c! urooo,iodlE vd ndoouu€ava lEuovoualo 6€iyua ar6o.orou c6oa xal !a ro oxorouJi-oou!€ ro96c aoi6 olegalveL npoc rq eEdlo xetdyodoovro.C tnvgEpuotrooola lou 9o Boo0!€ 6rL 9q. Oix. rdL EnooEyyLolLx6xoro I oC y ld x69€ loom.

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]Jaoou rou oro i .ou aur6 a! .oa. iv€L 9a Eix. l io rEI . ios 6!d_

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lovtoc xo! rorr plglloi 0'iEnc E!6c 6eliuaroc adpq nou cv:-

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lrilq f,s

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Bd€ut6d ro ! rep LSd l ro l ros ,

:np , i ;6LoBotLs , i . . ;6 .0 !ogds l i6a I " :

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'E6ro Ava ILxp6 vnda navo ('.r OdIodcE.. ULA xElt&rrld.rlrn Bapao a6pc'C xlvelru'l oplf6vtla nd\,l, s 6 ro !Ep6 c.l'fd n $rcp:tl tou\rndlo0 ro! eEavoyxdfEr oE o.\,o6!xr1 rlvnon yla \rC! to r.oocmEp6oel,6nog 6ocxvou! o! ypq,Pu6c poi!. Tn 6c5oE€vd pou eLvcL 611 rtgcpuoxgcolc otnv elLrdv€Lc! Tnc Odloooos el1,au I0 oc xq,L n gGpEc

OaOlrLEc rou neplF6trlol|roc a6pc O.5 oc1't00n. 'orcv o ddpdc qO&-

o€L otnv roarot rou \rnolo6 rou 0a axal o\,u{rroea dx9lor:lc xard,loon oa SxeL gsplroxpoola 9.0 oc s\,(i) o n€prg(I}(ov ro \,noa o,apo,GtaL or l L6Lo r: , { ioC 9e GXEL g€puoxoqdl,o. 9. 5 oC. Arrr6 onldlveL dtLp!d, d!o6!x/t xcvrioi ga $nooo{io; va axer ou\, allote)'ooud \rc! (|)o6oEl

trld avcptd[evn !d(e stp(! de rdttolo o{oc lte gepuor.pdola uLlp6re-9n rou rlEplFd,ll.lovros c6po C'ro ${ro! aurd.

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aRd ro trairo Ocoro6uveylxO d:(ola axoutri:

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ld.rrc o.r!d 5u!ouL{a o.lrro.

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rov uSporgiw (e) yiver io4 ge qv geyioq niol row r:dporpriw (e5)

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oqo.ercoi olpo Tit,er 100% (pL Ei 3.16). H q ounl roper,yr4, ari-

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rrp$dlfuwoq va fvet tohi geli[1, t1g tri{4E zoo 800%.

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-103-

&roo e, r&ol ,!dro dlr6 €nh€&l er4dve_ta vepoi, o 1 onqcver.arc{

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bpoorolovo,yro o;enr1 uypooia tqg tdftlg roo 400olo Tro apvrFtrd

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E loFevog cieTovo ,too ofilxl.tlotqKe de rrupfvo, ouFrnt(voorlg

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pdrdd doB&vsrdr rapo no]"o 6rd rl drcrlvd. dlg oioy&aq dd.rr6v€-

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Ol npqvee royorofiolg rp6ner, vc, rllporlv tw 6po 1 6opr1

rorrg vd,6ivq! 6pora ounlg rou riryou (dopnr4 6ogrq), rlwqto o1v

oro{d 6ter o @&oEog &gppog (AgI), o onoiog ro lrqoqrororeltor.ror' {otrrw on{ tsn4(ig rpororoirlorlg rorpot (hprougno Fpofig,retdotolrl ldd4!g). Ezdoqg rol,M ogyarn*ri rlnrrd eivo1 zo),rj ro.

).oi rsogrfvss tgqfotroiqoq I &co,g n.'1, qucri no! qnooulTieslrar !no-p6i 1ro €,\rsplozoqoorrv oav nupqveg ropnoftoqg crqv gepgorpoolr

tov -4oC, evtb cw6gyovo oopct{&o rurllor5 zporo}ow tolonoiqoq

6iqv osplror$aoia iov "15"C.

tqv 1evrKonpd or mproo6repor ruy'qveg rayonoirlolg wepyo-

notorh'td oe g€pF61(pdri€6 prq&€peE iov -12'C, Tr' cut6 Kdl or nd.

yorpuordJor cpfiow vo sp4cv(owor, os 6vo vlgog 6rov 1 Osppo-

<pooi-c, too n6oa r<oto oa6 tooq -15"C. Affa-r vo dlu€Lo)0€l 6fl Evdr 01

TNprlvE ouluru(voolg negb1ol'fie| oe o-q€ovi.c, oqv orpoqcrpo, or

toptv€6 ltoyonohorlg 6ivor ondrrog rt.1 oqv 0epgorpcola tov -10'C

povw 1 rugryvcg ltoyoroiloqg cwdititpo eivar evepy6g eltb oy'qveg

ootuaulcvoolg noo €1€pfozoroirwor oe o;enri1 uypooia,liyo peplure-

pI roD l00o/o ovlpxowcr oe 105 ovo lizpo.

4.3. ArpoogqrprKd xqrdxpnl.rvl('lorq.

To otFooqorpr<d rcarorgrlrytogaru { rat6g eivor, D5at[l<4 a-

ro06oaq orepeqg 1 uyplg Fopfig ro! 6pXowot crr6 .nry orpoogorpo

- 1og -

dll €Jri4dve14 trlg frl9. Ta aqrooqc4ud (ardr$'ll.${oFl!ta avdr. rl

ppop1, or yerdisg, to 1r&r zo lc)ui(g zo povovepq 1 3ovo1iA,o(c, or

Xtov6rofico1 fiol ol rdyol(p{rorqf,fuL

To rugo ap6pl,4po oq Orgycoic,rou osto6 eivo! I *fmorlro1, rporoo Fr rov oroio 01 dao161r4 rov vsqd)v ,Eo! €low fuiLlsrpo,

rorti gioo 6po, 20gn ouqAvowar t<ot6 100, rooMforov, 9op6g ,Il.o vo

fvow crol6veg ppomg H Etegldo{a oolururvoolq el.vol ndpo nol$

agy4 xor cvo:roro),eogcnxri, lcri 1 anftor1 orqwog cao oupnrrvor

o4 eivar cvri.ctpoqc cvd0ayq qg orrtvag rqg 6ore 6oo peycfui:ver r1

orcrlvo r4g q!oT6vd4 T600 €lc"rdrverorc pt0p6g anelorlg fi]q, EtrcF.!-

vog 0o 1l'€14owav F€ptKtg !€pE€ Tta vo TivEl o U€td.dmllattoFoE rov

orel6vov v69or:9 os oro1oveq ppolrlg, wti ervc lvoor6 on ro v69r1

rdra{6goq1g cr,drnrfig ovot6ooowcr rcr rcp&yow Fpofri oe 6ui-

oqgo prp6tepo tqg dpc5.

O perddmpntlop6q row arol6vov vlgoug oe ora7oveg ppoltlq

flvsrot pe &o rupiog rp&roug rqv Erqaoio mryxpouoqg-ouvi;vcooqg

l(or qv8r€glqoid rlalorpucldlldw.

4.3. 1 ArsFtcoin oryrpqlo1g-cov6vrocqg.

NEqrl ro! ilow ofiFrlulooel ror, fuow oe 6111 rouq tqv 6rra-

oI O€pFo{paoirs !sfo.lur6p€! ono rqv 06pfro(pani{r qlqg rol vepori

ovolr4owal Osplrli v6prl ralasoteLdtwor, oJro udpootoloviDra. 6ra46-

pow p-eye06v. Kot6 tqv nnbol rcug to l6pooroyovi8tc. tou v69oog c-

ronow oprcrrl toprqto cv61,cry1 ye to lr6y€e6q roog. (pllne :tivcrxo

4.1). Kod "qv

rivqoil toog to. p.eyri0.o oleru<o o6pooroyoviito ou-

TKpOOOWdI U€ |Ir(pOr€pO !r€ dnm;fuOUx' r{V WOOFdrOdl tOV lllj$o-r6pov orcr. pslchr,repo. (plit!€ aL4.2).

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Msyrrh orodvo vegoog

Yeno6o

Mtrcpl orolovo BpoXrlg

Trrtrq croy6voSpodq

MsydAloroydvo Ppoplg

I r .q . l l rorcr .o l ls t !x . i rqro

. ! l rpon. .d!s

Kard tlv riqol |r1ag FeFailg u6pomoldvoS nporcolsitct ou-

1t<k-d1 rov poolroroypdpprirv tol olpo rioo t1g (rmodeol) xor ozoro-

p1 oltdr.korl (uzeprGorl) prrpoorri t19 pe ocorll"eopa, vo prJv ou-

6porlowor, pe trJv geldA,I o8poleTova 6Xa to r:bpooryoviEro nol onii-

1ow ormoroorl ioq pe qv ortivo @) trlg Feyril,lg orol6vog o116 tov

d(ovc rirqoig a1q o})ui €Keivd tto! qr{ow dr6otd.d1 @) !r!<p6tepl

rqE (R). O l,otog :

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ll-yero rxcvdrrpc olrlrpouoqg. (r1 orrivo rou u6poor<ryovr8ioo).

($\be a1. 4.3). Ari ro ouyrpomy.elo ge trp pa1il,r1 u6pootolova u

6pocreyovi&c Frptt<6 aolLgyowar ror 6t v€rrowlor g€ ard, $,6 dA.l-a

orry<pooowcr elddrr(4 To rqlir(o tov o )s1ogi:vov npog to oD-

TKpo!6p€vo l,sfsrar trccvoqto or )op6 xcr efo,ortitcr an6 to olen-

Kd fAlreog lrlg 1r6pooroy6vc6 1.t€ ro o6pooroyovi&_cr". H ftc.v6"n1o

oulloryrlg oo(dlarcr ozov I !6poqoy6vo t<olre uEpooroyovitt! tlow

awioe.o 1LK.ptrKd qoptio. Av rowd oro niool pEpog o1g psyrir.tlg u-

6pooroyovog, orcu Eqpoogysitor rmorGorl, uaipler pc rirllrl, olen-

rd !.qri I, r6te I 6eit6p1 eivcr, &wotdv vo erroolpatoOei pe trp rpril-

q. (Oory6Fa,o cui,oKq4). 0?|i7!E cf a.2).

tlgar'ff(6g rldpqovids no qv criftoq rov r:6poorcr16vov orog€ppli vbqrl elvcr. o povog mpopovrlg rolg F6oo qlo v6ql. O p6vog

cDr6g ooBdveldr orav olo vlgog lmdplow orlg.cy*o cvo&r<6 peqra-

"d" 6fiog nJ(. ord 0cpptr cumults, ps cnotex,soprr qv o4parnKrl d{h-

orl roD F.ey6eoD6 tov o6pooroy6vov.

4.3.2 Augyocio nryorcpocriltJ,orv.

Niqrl zol erreivorzor aivo dr6 trJv @ri6FI rov 0.C ofilv dtpo-

ogcrpn ovogri(owor yrypti v!91. To v€91 awri olotdouvtot topio6

o16 o8poarcloviiro oe uriptqlrl ror 6euepeu6wog oteb nyorpw

on!0,1or4. Movo rc qr{poto tov yqpnin veq6v ,rou ppioKowor rrdvo

dlto q ord0pl r@v -40'C ororsLowor rq0olarr,Ipin oni r.l"yorpv

ort?OouE NegI ouo onoia orvuuiplow ne1orptmolJ.ot l<ol !6po-

oryoviito LeJowct psuclo v6qn,

H r&dl rov lopedlivov dr!6v (Fltn€ OeppoSuvoprrrl t1E otp6.

oqorpcg) rravo o16 nriyo eivar 1uy'otepr1 ar.o tr1v rdoq tor4 aivouai

v€p6 qg t&49 oEptloKpatio{. H &qQopd auri flvelsr fr.gfwT n d!o!g -

l2"c |(dr eivor iorl Fs 0.3I!b, ,I€pirlo! (9?,€n€ qnFd 7). E rotr.6vog oe

wc parr6 v6qog ro rrepr$tiXlov 0o eivcr rrtlpKopo og rpo! rorrg sd-

1or<poord4loog ror or<6peoto og npog ng oDpootopveg, pe orczifu-

op4'vo ooproKv6vol'tol l6potpol oroug nalorpoorriAlor:g rot va {o-

rp4owot or !6pootoT6v€9.

t€ eEppo(poo{€q sldllsre |rltpdtEp€c rov ooc o po0p6g d{tlolq

rowolor<guoniAla:v oe pert6 v69og elipord dlapepEt qno to pooFo

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l0'C 01 r@Torprrarqllot oultivowar to.lworq rot gdhcro 11 6ugyc-

oid ourrl €ivd1 er.rwoctrl oe oepgorptria6 Tupo droog -15'C.

Or rclorpuorcl0or r<cto tqv xivqoil roog npog tqv erngrivet-c t1g

p1g o,r.:drivowcr. elre pe ow6vo:ot1 p: olloog rayoxpuotdll,orE

(6qpouglic rqrlriov nov@i) 6tt€ F€ tErl6! u5pooloT6vov. Av lr€fli-

oow tqv orri0pq to:v OoC lttotp6trowal oe r-r6pooru16v4 ot olrol4

oqv nopein tol){ d1)€6vowa1 Fs qv Erpyaoi"o olrF(po'uolg-

ouv6voolq O pllorropoq cw6g crvaum{r1g orcr,lovov ppofig, zou

l,.eyeror Er-eppoia Bergcron-Findcisca, clno,r€r€i rov ripro, cw 6p ro

povafx6, rpono 6qporgyio4 ppopg oro peoo rar av6rEpd T€orlpa-

01r<6 nLliTn.

4.3 Tqttv6pnon fl|)v vsedrv.

or gopqig,1 frtooq, to mlog rcor ot popotrogoi rdo orolou rd-

porlotri(ow to vdgl eivot zroluirp0por" H rc{w6pr1c1 tov vegriw iler

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dver p€ pddl tpid rpltrlpta: Tnr Fopq! trlv dlrold rdgo'Dot&4ouv, to !-

vos cro otltio PPioxowot r<at rq otllooqalflKk ow0rlceg p'e tr4 ozroi-

eg olgrolgyoiDtct 01 paolKq ftopQq F€ 11{ o?rol€9 sllgovqowor €1vor

rpe!.q. Ot s6doa!,ot (cirru), ol aop8ftE (CuDduc) Kot to

ctpd4urld (Sir.tus). Ot O6acdror (Clrrur) 6ivd11€rEo lvdE v69rl

ro! orrvcvt6w$ ote psyolurepo fi{l oqv arFoogolpo' llx,tFetog

),-srrKori rot t!o''6 oup'l rcpolol(owor ocw unspA Arroral-ouvtdl qtto_

rLs!or|((! arto traYorNordAr'oog Ot c<optheg (Cumttlu.r) eg4w(o-

vrol ocv ou(tr€l€k 'lu(va pr(€! U€ €,Ein€tq pdtol 1(o1lctdl(oguql c'

vriutruSl uro popqrl oopor:, ouvrlOolg 6e eivcr. lxirgrrog lsrxoi Am-

tFJ'owrdt 0JI6 !6podloloveg i1 u5poctoloveq xor ,la?oKpDordllo1,g e-

cv 1 xctax6ptgl avdrrul{ roug eivor zirotc tiote 1 roplqil toug vc

llgt so),i loul4 o€ppoqoaleg To orp6Flrrd (Stratu!) €l4ovi{o-

waL uro gopqrl lcpltou ogoopopoou etlsragir,o'u drpd)Farog, 1p6-

$orog lmoTKp4o!, 7!oo Kolitttet ava p.sydlo Flpoq zou olpdvori il |<at

oMrlrpo tov o!pov6. tualOog o:romloivror ond t6podtoy6v€g OlEg

or tiAl-eg ovo$coirg eivdt 6w6lldtFol tov ?no tovo paotrciw lopq<bv'

a1 ro tp60egro nimbus { nimbo, pqo4rooroleirar 6lcv to vijgoq 6rvd'1

FpoXoe6po (dir6 to AodttK6 niEblA:(azarY{5d)' e\i6 to 1tp6€eFa alto

rmo8lkilva to riryog oto onoio ppiorowcn ro ',/60r. tliupoovo FE tov

&€e!'n Ad,(rrao Nepdw l0 €ivo1 ot rDpuindpot trrtot, 1l 1i:q 6tog o-

vogc{owcg tov veqrbv, ro ondtr dJt6 qv 'iuloyl lou irvoog oro onoio

ppl.or<owar lopi{oltcn o€ 4 tle$X€6 orro'ft'r€€li To avdttap.q td pi-

d!' ro r.cflitapq rcolTc v691 ranorop6gol cverro(1q' ( pfite

rlrvor(o 4.2).

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I. AH]ITIOYPflA KINIITEON TTHN ATMO:OAIPAl . l . EDGA0Era xar Aot i1OeLa. . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1 .2. Kiv tor l tou cpa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . - . 21.3. A6pos€Fopnnxora; io . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31.3.1. I€p 'oI6,qKa!6xro6T1qraqrooeorpq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31.3.2. OFor6oealpa Kor E €p6oqarpo. YVolelprxi x?,irroKo................................ 41.3.3. Tpon6ogarpa,:rpor6o9orpa,Meo6oqurpo,O€pp6o9a1po.......................61.3.4. Meropoi,i rn; orrooqotprxric riEol; ll: io nVoq....-....-.......-......-..---...-. 71.3.5. Eponloeli...............I .4 . A!o609xarKaoo6qroD@pc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . l0L4L Epof l ior , ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.5. AlIoTi !Iq atpooqorpLxriq riedtg oltv tmqdv8ro.................................... I I1.5.1. AUulri qg €€prroxpaoia( roD @pa p6vo qr! enqAv.!a......................... l21.5.1. A).1(17i tlg eeppoxposiog oloNl,tprl; lg @il.rq toD @po..................... l21.5.3. Hp€pr iora Ktpovon r t ; r iEdrg a. rv €m9i ivero. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I3L5.a. Epof l id la i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . 14L5.5. :nt rh6r l *drAr6xhor- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l4L5.6. KaraN6pDqrt Kiv i tor !ou a6pa Kol i ior lv €r lp i rveu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l5r , cPorr loFr ; - Anowr lodrg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 .6 BuorKirg6v!oL€.d]E08pp6t1ta i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . . . . . l91.6.1. Ator ] rqq0Epp6lr l taq-- . - . - . - , - . - . . - . - - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20L6.2. Meragopaf i tEtupF6lr t !c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? l1.6.3 MDidPipo6, t r ls0epp6ir t io ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221.6.1. ArA600i te€ploot io ,cF€axnvo0o). iu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231.7. To v€po 6-r Iv arF6ogotpa. ' . - . ' - . . - . - . . - . . - . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.7.1. Epot1odtq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24l .?.2. Avo6oq Drpon ror i rpoD @pa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - - , - - . 241.7.3. ,^a!6dvouod0Ept6tr1to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251.7.1. 8potno8r9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - - . . - ' - ' - 25

2. :}TTHMATA !}'].iOITIIIUD f,AI MEIITX NAIMAXAI ITHNATMOIOAIPA

2.1 M! ldr l €nlqdv€Ldxn n isoi t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . ?71.2 Aoupr i€oqxarIpolFanr iArP66qd(po. . . - . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . - . . . - . . . . . - . . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . .272.3 Au!d lL€t ;noonporotor : ! i rvefo. . . . . . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281.3.1. Epo!1 id€lq. . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282.4 l .sodpoqrx66 4veFoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . - . . - . . . - . . ?92.4.1 I\,1ahFoflk'i 6xgpaon toD r€onpogrxoi av6FoD.....................-................. 29?.5 A!€por ltpo qn6 pqpoB8lp(xa rdrrl.a Kor ovrld- Bo0pot6i 4vs1o........ 302.6 Bdorx6q €xqpdaer6 q! AD!orrKiq. . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . - .3 l2.6.1. Ei ro66€q x ivr to l r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 l2.6.2. I .eoorpogrKr i i rpo06l t rot . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 l2.6.3. KDKlo6"rpogr l l r i Nivrdq. . . - . . - . - . . - . - . . - . . , . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.6.1. fEo6Dvalrx6. . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . j22.6.5. E,:idodn @v6I€La; .......--....--..-....-.................... 332 7 Aqooqotprxn Kipo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.7.1. Knpolo pdpn!lli(4......................-.... ................. 332.7.2. Kipato Rossby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.8 HxDxtrogopidGI: tpor6oqarpd. . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362.8.1. BdorK& IapaKdtprcLK6lrtE xDK),o9opio! sq o-,par6oqarpo....-............ 362-8.2. Atgvi6€q dpotooqaLpn;; e€ppAvoeq.....-.......................................-...-..- i7

3. IENII(H KYf,AOOOPIA ITHN ATMO'OAIPA3.1 Mow;Io lovoi , rDEdooo. . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . 383.2 Mow6l.o Tpulorj KDnApo .. .. ... ..... -.. 393.3 Aepols iFappot 0ers l reamt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423.3.1 f€!1K4. . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . 423.3.2. Arptoup7ia nol.Ro6 Ko! YmtPotfton A€Pol€tlAPPoD ... .. ... -.-.-. 42

4. ZOMKO' ANEMO'4.1 OM6oocZ0)vLX6c'A!€uoc. . . . . . - . . . . - - ' - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . - . . . - . . . . . 44a.l.l. Korovopii rov' roo;ar-6v tolj M6ooD zoJvtKon AvEPou crl

otpodogopa xor 6'tv r(ot6r€prl peo6oqow4.. ... . .. .. .. .. 444.1.?. :6vbeon loD M6oou EtiooD ZouKoi ov6Poo pe nl M6orl Elio(o

O€ppoxpooid oq otpa!6o9otpo xar oqv x(lT6rEPI pEdooqatpo. ..... 464.2 Ernolo Kilavott rouZovLKon A*Fou ...... .... .... .. . .... ... ..... 474.2.1. Koidlopri rov rootol6v KaL tl5 gaong qq Etidto4 Kilovolr tou

Zovr{o6 AvApou Gt flpat6ogorpo xor orlv Kat6t€pl P€o6o9orpo ... 474.2.2. tiv8eq qq Ediouq Kipsvoqg qS qovrKi-c Eong e€ppoxpaoias xat

tnq Etnorqi Ku4\onq toL F6dor, Zoq(ot Alduo! . 494.3. HiLenioLa Kirovor t rou Zo,v,Koi Av6pou . . . . . 504.3.1 KaruvoF l t@v tootol6v Ka! tlq gdorlq tJlg HFr€triora( Ki,ra'ong tou

M66ou ZrvtKo,l Av€uou dcl drpmooqq'pa rct cl\ xatbtepl

FEo6oeqps os duvaPtlort 1l! to tvo6 Kat ro 1€o1popq6.. ... ... . 51)4.3.2. trlv6dot qq Hptsrrisrsi K6[d!ol! 'ou ZovtKor] Av6lto! ps !I!

H'rerriora KiFavon rtq qovrxi; liorq 0cpForpcoio" . 534.4.1. K60rolrl rov 'ootal6v tar rn( gdole q{ Tetp(iurlvlc KiAovon: tou

M6oou ZoqKoi Aviuou otn orpat6oqarpo rat 6tnr Katdtrplu€d669dtpo o€ ouvoPttorl p!!o nvoE Ko! to 7€0)7po9tK6 rlAtor... .. 54

,1.5. H:re66! ArEtilq Kipcvo1.. .... . .. . . . . 564.5.1. H :Is66v A€t1ig KnFovdn e.d K) q( 0EpFoKpaoioe oq

cpor6oodrpo (ot clv xa!&efl F€o669atpd o3 oDvdplllorl F€ toi \Uoq xdl to Te3)TpqqtK6 nLd!oE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - . , . - 56

4.5.2. H trs66v Al€iriq Kipavsrl oto Zovlx6 dv€fo xar I K@avopl oo.rlq orild'copdt6s9arpa Kot ttv Ks!6tep1 peo6ogctpo. .... .. .. .. .. .. ... 62

5. O Mf,'HMBPINOD ANEMO' TTH ETPATO'OAIPA KAT DTHNf,ATOTEPH ME'OEOAIPA

5.1. M6ooq F!6nlpprvo; dt tuoE .5.1.1. KatavoEi ro! rootal6v loD M66ou M€orlpoprvon A!6!00 o..rl

orparodaatpa Kor aqv rotdrtcpl Ftooorporpo oE oLUaPrqor t. roi!,oq xor to rco)1poott6 rldrog ............ . . .

5.2. Eritora Kipovol toD MEdrlFpptvoi AdpoD -.5.2.1. Katovoti too nrdtou-c raiqq gadqgrl( Etriotog Kslololq rou p6oou

McoluFprvou AvctoL dr4 otPat5ogotpa KoL 6tlv \morcprlpeo6ogorpaoe ouvAprlol trsto 6voe Korro l€olpa9rKo rldlo-c .. ....

5.3. HFEriordKilavol to! M conFpptvoi Aviuo5.3.1. Koravori tou rlirouq xot rnq e&olq qg Hltstliotoq Kopovo4 toD

U€ooD MsoqFpp$ol A!6!ou g"q otpct6ogorpo Kat d.qv xotd)repq

F€o6oqarpao€ ouvaptrlol its to 6!105 Kat io laolpagtK6 tlCiog ..5.4. TctpdFrvr Kiilovorl tou MrolFBptvoi AvLuo5.4.1. Korovopri roD tr1'drou6 xor rr1-c a6o16 tl-c Telpdplvrls KnFavolq roL)

tllooD M€otFFprvoi Av;Fou orn otparoo$arpo xor otrlv Katorepl

Feo6oqdrpd o€ ouvAprTlorl f€ to 6\,oq xoL to lsoYpoarx6 rlAto( -

6669

6972

1214

74

KEOAAAIO I

AtrMIOYPTIA KINBIEfIN TTIIN ATMOTOAPA

l , l EDd'ie.u rar A.r!(ioea

Oeopoull€ !!ra deaipa rcno€sqgivt os Uio Paelli 6E o.Jddt lr€ fl6 Slao'rdoEq

tl€, €oqrl. Orolu&iror€ 6e!o.{ oq aeaipc &v pnop8i va rt 6ulnpi6er oE 'ciq6,rl.

lqv ,t€pi,r!0)6l Glni rt xcflio-.aq nte spaipoe toporqpgerar og euotoonC. AvI

i6u oeaipa opeoEi 0,!6 qv xopDqrl Evog r€ rlF.voo czua6ou, 0a uffio€r vd

rrprd(pa$trol. rlph tu oqralioer T6re I xaflidtaoq qf osaipo{ }.Ersrar

Av ocoprloou!-e r6pa rq dQaipo ourn oE pla !ip(lo!. oe o.lcorl lla 1ri

6u6rdo€q rlg esolrl, 16r. trllt Fxprl 6nvotrt dauoiv 60 irtv ndt lv6pogria€l .rlo lito,

IiXp! va eravtlefl arlv dplu\n rrlq oiot H Kardd'raol qq dQaipae g'qv 1|epir!I0r6rl

anln ?"a.Istdr UEraolo0nc

Av at-'h6Ei ro pdeoe qg eoorig, lor€ }1la tslslurEprl ord qv ,rporyoug€vrt 6ilstrl

oflt oqoipa Fopsi !u tllv rofuv;poFiloa xat a?t€ra va dl[va€El uvnl oqv dplxil

qg 060I. ndtu I xa.'id.aq qq dpalpar sivar tr€taotaortg, a}lri auri q gopri eivor

FsfdLltt€ptq oraocp6rlrag arlorlv rpoTronucvn.

A,t6 ra nop(!'rlilvo ecivsra! 6n n ordo€poflFa q< rardoraaqG qq oqaipds Ehp{ma!

dllr€do oJt6 ro 7r€pfdlr'ov !|tE, 6rtla6ri rq € rpErotr€wq €./€plsrffcaq rnq drd0g€q l(al

rlv 4o}!cp$'i &4ispari.

fevfferiovrog lrl,tov rnv nporryoip€vrl 6uniomon Ia q oeoipa 6e rra

duorlllrq Fopo$pr va roipr, 6n to roli 16o0 6ra0€p6 eivor svo ouolngo o€ }tlq

6lalupafi, 4oprrt{ar tolo TlS €nttpft6lr€rEs €v€gtaatq rou oiiolEq. Eilcl 6}1(!)5 E!69

Av aqv Kopwi rou xeKtrgsvou sffie8or 6!An oq ogoipa ronoeenlooD!€ 6r'd

4alaD1x6 rlpiola xar,tro 6inla tvo x!0o, totE rt rcuro,povq on€tr€o06poor1 ror< Iag

,I€i0a 6fl to 4ato!ff6 ,rpioFo €ivar dp6o6rEpo orae€p6 ard 'n oqoipa rcr o xrtpoE

dKoFI,rlo o.rao€po€. Ytuipr.rtrour6v Fo 6roPd0Flot orrtv a6rd0Eru.

fro i6ro outrr€paaua Oo KotqlflqolJFE, av rotroognlooolre drqv €€pael €aom' awi trlf

oeaipog, ro e€EyollKo npioFo i lov \-upo Oa 6la,na.66oDI€ fu?.a6il Iro

6ra0| i0urot otTl pEraoro0i l Korr isroorl

toun€poivoupE lo!!ov, 6n rl a.ae€poqla 4€ l(mdalaol( ev6q o6lotog 6w

€Eogrdior p6vo qr.o io ,I€prpdr0ov rou o}:ld xor d?t6 plo di.hl t6torn1o roD i6toD to!

o6paroe, rry awiorsorl rou 6qv i61o 8luropom, ,!ox leYeror €uaroerloia

Aoa lDllr6v, !o r(ord ?1600 €vo orrsaFo 6ivor aro0€p6 o€ Plo &Blapom 6Ev

sqaflftor p6!o qrr6 ng €itpst!6FEv€e €vttry€uKi! to! a.iioF€€' oLtui xar 0116 qv

€uoro0rloia oL)v rov !€p6v !o! quadiporog a.n 8tampalrl aud

Ll.I Ep@qoEIg:

l) !€ lru avlo0rlq ut!@Ioov tpta oq/& n&o ola ou]ri rc:rogeroljuE ?pia

(oItriflo (iilapYlq, tio! to wo €ivll r:!plKo, ro d o €la10i\rK6 lcot to rpito ogolptKo

Xapoxrnpio'.€ dtv l(otdoto6rl rooppotlia5 xde€ xoppanou q6 (aloplg

2) Mu r altd Evog polvo{ dlaoEt€l 61)0 6la6o11Kd opotl'6ta tre Fffp€6 xor,vi6ee.

:Inv rlo \rnl'i xotli6a (dio vnlo opo|t€6lo) ppidxeror Fla novooflPd6a. :Iotudor€

qv lcardtorooYt roopponio{ dl( XrovodnFd6a6, 61Ev arxtl €ivot oqatflq li €qa?ovn l

xor DpidxsrBl oq Fld i dnlv dtl'l xo /iSa nod rl xaiddtaq boppoTriaq qq

IrovooflFdbd€, olav F€lopoiv€r o,t6 to svd opo,r;6ro oio ij0.]o;

Kivoan tor oiod

Av rupoForidoope rd F6pu too o€pa 6rv opivoq |tEl6od)v, 16!€ I riMldll

ro! otrivo]Jq 5q)6vfl rov 'iv € p o . M6oo d.o slrivog kde€ F€liood (Fopro rot d€po)

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roluqra 6kw rov p€hoo6v. :€ o€ppokpodio 6opatio! n p6q ia1lJ'Il1d Iov lropiov

Eirql 7r€piEoD 450 lD/sec. Mln pI| av€,rd]6n np6pq ro opivoq tlapapEver oE

orryxffpqlsvo lono pE op xdo€ palooo va 61er frl 6ftI "49

tutaio xilrlorl :€ Flo

6Foq ov€U66rt tF6po ol,odrlpo ro oFivog rvsiror T plilopa 0116 rov €!o 1610 6-iov

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A6oac os 8uopflK6 ,r€6io KoL arod)uofl tnc a 6doorod(

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xor paoplaiq 6o0 oDq&v€l I ur6oruorl qq 0'16 rrl Tn, rivftel,no qpo{, s€xfl va nv

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vo xaooploeEi ro avocpo 6p1o qq atu6oAalpaE.

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neprot6q pe Ew€kie 6uQopenx6e Auoff6q xdl Xt|llx6E 66flFeq. Oroe €ival1'vooi6, Tl

orlooeapl(ll Triedrl €).o!r6vElor |r€ !o ivoq, Eror 60'r€ it ?ri€on 6€ xdoE 6ta0prl vo

sxqp&(er ro 9dlpoE qq o(l.Iq to! o€pa povo6Eidg dlaroll|ig noo ppioKsrar oir6 r6vo

oro q or6e$ Errnl.

Erd to Bdpoq swo 6rv€rar o,!o rtv mpdarcor joodz, ooou o ,r ,**'o.,r.n

to! a€pq, g rl E/nr&xuvol papriqtag Kal z m nvoc. E t€r6Tl ro g 6€ Feropd]jsror

dntd\,flxd tl€ ro ivog, gropci vo e€oprle€i 6!1 I ni€dt €ivot avdloTrl Fe rov 690

J oodz, 6nfa6ri ue ra ouuotrll.rl td(d gvd povd6a €trqdl,sto! nri,\,o qr6 rc &.ir€6o z

To 90% rrlq !ii(q lqE orp6oqdrpo{ ?I€putsial ora rp6to 20 lgrl ,lEphoD (100 hPa

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F6vo sva xlqiota q( rii4Eorc t0'lrlq d1Fooadp,xriq Fd4as Fpio€ltrl ^i"',o dr6 ro

ezize6o a!r6 €.,,6, evB xlviotlo qq ?dlE0rE l0'3 PpioKtld 'si,vo q,Lo ro ilroE rov 1000

km T6loq, n ojryxprorl rov oroddioEov du61 fe tn I€64 oRriva inq mE ( - 6370

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Yrt.

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0.3.2.3)

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ov n KftdvoFri q( e€pFoxpdoios irav olrodpopgTt, dn6 rn 0'166I (1.1.2)

(t.3.2.4'

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6

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ro ro(1.r .4.1)

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o538588d8SEEEEI

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8 Orav ,@ylorrrorloronF lrfv6FetpoTu q $nptot qq 'rieolq Ev6€ o€pio! ota

rorx6Iata tou 6oi€ioD ,roD to,ep|8l€! opiorooge qv otloMi tri€ol roD dlplour Av

0Il nort

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rlg e€plro(pooidg alo 660 Fno}6Mq, ,toio 0o 6a€l q $sfqlijcprt ,!i€ol xar Imq

26

KEOAAAIO 2

'IETHMATA 'YNONTIKH: KAT MEEH: KAIMAKA' ETHN

ATI\{O!OAIPA

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tn$eo)va p€ ro npoltoil€va, tivsror €tiKol.o ow ,I7!t6 6fl ot

xolsx6pDqEq pErapoX,Eq lrlE riEotg eivol aotrrl FeTarnr€p€E on6 r1g op(6w1eE.

fla rapdSgrypo, I eldllroorl rtq rli€ortE rou a6pa on6 q Pdol F6lpr rnv

xopogi €v6E Ntrptou 6\,oue 500m sivar nol,f pe?alirept an6 inv opq6vtta

[l.leopanie6n6 6s 6io 066€r(. nou on6zoDv I500km.

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l{ega),oro 6rar!Lo-.6ooF€, orr rl drFooqdrptKi aiedl slattdv€tcr to)n

reprooolepo [E !o lvog arov \yu'lp6 (l6pa 0116 6,11oto 0€pp6.

ndwoq. Trd vq ouTKpivo!!€ r)'tv o.podeorprxri rli€orl oE 6\io dldeop€irKd

otpsid (5(oeopelrxoi !Vope!pou), 0a rp6n€r vd ovdToul€ tq tr66eK au!6e oe

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A( 6€opri6oup€ pla o.nil,t otFoo$arp!$i d6po ar6 qv €nlgdvEla tnq

71lC FEIpL tnv Tpororduon (-l0Km !\roE). Av o sEPdg litdv aourric6roq. 16rc

n Tru|6tnro ioD o6pa pe ro rivoE €a it{rv aldeEpi, 6'i0)C tt€ Kor,ri npoo6flron

ouppaiv€r o€ 6vo Dtp6.:qv a€pino)6n duili dv rl alpooqarprKtl tiedn do

€6dqoe eivdr 1000 hPa. '6!e 6rd 5 Km n rliEq ed €ivd! 500 hPa. dnl,a6ri pra

,oonvr ie 3 ivd1 xar loopapis.

Aq 0€{DpriooD$€ t6po 6rr n alrirn 6EupivE! rI gddn tnE xord ro

p€6rtFpprv6 iou !6rou, rldE va €xrEiv€flr a,.6 poppii tlpoE v6ro. Av Yld Kdrolo

Ioyo o..o popEto !/rira tns orilrlE n eEpForipudia liv€r FrKp6tepq. a,r'd.!r o-.o

v6llo, !6t€ o trep1o66repo ruxv66 d6pac (VUIp66) rou poppd oDoril"l,eraq evrt

o dporo!8pog q6poE (0epF6g) olo v6ro €rftovoiv€tar. T0tpa n ldopdprxn

€rlr9dwlo rov 500 hPa o-.o v6ro 0a PpidK€r ar oe F€'/alt,tePo 'lvoq (tr.l. 5,2 Km)

rsrnpoqgv6q I riEdrt o-ro nvogt0rv 5 Km ed €ivor }l€ysX.ilept rov 500 hPa.

An6 ro ,!qpd6€q$u aD!6 oulnepaivot)Fe 6fl, 6rdv urdpter eepF66 o€pcS

Vnl'd, r6ie or roopop€ig gpioKowal nlo vnl'6, an d, KovovtKri xat 3ni6nq, 61!

r nie6n 6e K&08 i\yoe 0d €ivar I61slileprl d,rd to rovovrK6. To owialpogo

rpopa\ri( dljFpdivEr.6tav Vlrd urdpxEr vu:CPdq odpdq.

Aov6rcr< 'too iooroloir 6!ruo

!p 61r o,l

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lprlorpnoEi pcl6roxitold xcr 7r01ii

An6 rnv l)6poo-iauKli yvopi(oDF 6rL ov crltraic unapqer l)voF€rprKi 6rdgopd

olpoi oe 660 o(ivlto orr?rorvovoiwd 6ozeio, t6!e n opq6Fro dlapopd qlqv

nieorl rpoKolei xivrlol tou uYpoi. To i6ro oKprB(i{ oDFBLriv€L x(rr Fe rov ddpd.

AE 6onF€ 6'6vo tdptrl n6oEov 6no r6noDe. 6tov 6Z0!!€ opra.€pd u\,tl6q

r!6o€19 xor SeBri j r tqFt l6g. T6tr €rrxpdrEi Fro gdeFiSa r ieot<, rou

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6fo r6nov. H 6ivo$ aufli l,6y.rrr AtvaFl Bc0pi6a(, nou xor€Doiveral

dr6 fltv uvrlli rpo( rrl /uftLi rieon xdr StFroupTei rov (ivEFo.

B€Faioq I Sivqpn durri 5€v eivoL nriwo rl polo6rxi 6ilvopt, tloD Dadpter

crnv orl669orpa. fra nup{i6cryFd, }6?(, rou 6fl 't ?n rr€prcrpdperat urdpzer

Kar r l 56vopl Coriol is, n onoia €Kldr€r ' !poc ra 6€E1d qe 6ro6porr l ic tou

tov dveFo dro p6pero rtFropoipro xor rpo€ ra dprorepa roD 6!0 v6rro

2.3. I Ep@lt jot tc

L Av ro o6fo 6Ev Krvtiror Kdo€ta stov dEovd rcprcpoprig xdr 6ev

avalopei an6 ro xilrpo lnE n€prdpoqri(, trola n 6ivdFtl Coriolisi

(F=2muonpq, 6r!oD 9 q 7orvio nou cltFati(er n 6€n0uv6n tlg xivldrlg p€ tov

6tovo 'rEpro-cpoqiE)

2A

2. No ara6€rl0Ei 6!l o€ ,fso,fpoprK6 r]tlftoq 9 ro €nir€6o amlprtoqE

eKxpeIoE dpEperor e1.roE 24 0rp6v Kad Tovid !, n o'oia eivor 9=36r qlq

(Foucault).

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ed!6s! vo aqoD6€€p6osr q Srlvdpn rnq Prr0pi6og rlg rlicolq.

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:I!.ro',!!K6 civdL ro le7ov6q. 6Tl o leodrporplri6g dvepoq nv6er 6r() p6perc

ntrLoqalpro i:lol4d! !!g Zrrprll,6g nr6a€rg oro op!6repd roD. fld vdoivor. 6Foq Kooapd Foolpoqff66 rp6r(3l or tgopap€ig vo €ivor euosirE ro!6arr:touv, TeTovo!, rion orr&vlo olFgoi\€r 6rlv orF6oearpo. 'E!or oy€oo.tpop|x6g dvepoq €ivat aril.d Fi-d npoo6.fTlon rou npoyFoflKo0 dv6foD.

2 . 1 . I V d q I p . t t t r i t t p t a o q 1 o D t E a o z p o q t t 4 i a r t p u .

t$ptpovd pr, !o nponyonpsvo n ic|llilrtta rcD ,fsoorpoqrFori GlEpo! aivor

qld)'orn q( 0d0Fi6agqi nira4q -,6rlk5i:

i e€(op(twa6 rrovddL(lia !d{a d6pd

H qDsrKi aqpaois flts 6Kqpo6nq al)!'ie eiva! 6fl .rlo qv i6La 0ceui6oiiisqe Ka! no i6lo Teo.rpdprN6 r)dtoE o y€oorpoqrKo; dvsuoq aDqdvelor F€ ro

'5voq. efffii n ft1)xv6lnro 'ou depa e}.oEoverol.

" - ; d

H Sri,qrt Coriolis eivo! olvdpfilorl ltf lovtaxriE @/"uqraf qe ?nq @),tIE roturqflg (tt ) roo ov6goD Kar roD l€oTpoqrxori rldmDs (9), 6tl,o6ri:

F=?QVtFp (2.4.r):6wovt Fe to rlcpaftdx,o oqv n€pi1rroorl roD T€ocrpopr(oir o!'!:loD

zovaa-1f i v,=ffif r'.u.zrMepx6e 9op€g o 6pof 2OIFQ ovoF4€nor ftpal|erpos Coriolis (f). Eror

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dpaTe rar Ytdti;Mla oiplo fdqa o.rq lelrovd loD ldFnl,oi 6a un6xe!!d drn 6ivdFn tnq

poOFISo{ lng ,rl€6rt€, nou es qv o€!:! rpo6 ro rs!,rpo ioD XoFltloi. Taw6movo

6B0g I 6waFrl Coriolis el<tp€rel q p4o oDdiv rpo! Ia Seid qE lr.Elp! I atplopr4a l,g xn'rtosi rapdr.trtla ,!pos flg roopopeag. O dve+os auro€, tro! 6pr eivar'fcoorpogtx6g (opoi ol rooFapei6 6ev eiwr sDoei€g) X,6tF.ar 0a0Fot6gdvepog i dvspoS paopi5og,

:qv rcpitlaool aDli i 6rjvou Coriolis 6ev €€rdoppotr€i qv SivoFn qgpdeFi6qg qg nieq6 aqof np6n€r 'l 6o'1oraF€!'rl rre !u :!apgae! tnv

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r o d

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i l t owl.6, ovrrrDkl,ovLri .

30

Baau{i. e|(ooricac flc A|)laurxic

2.6. I Ein6or: ts tr i r I . ,qs'Oiav $ia droryEio Evo{ perdon ^rKv6rlru6 p n}€tar !€ radqq oe pu

0o0rri5o rieqg iP xor tsu!6r@ova 6E Elu 9op!nx6 'r.6io a , tor€ o'to io vopo to!

N.v!rr\u roliEr:

(2.6.1.1)

6rou FI 6iivapn qq rp0rig rAt,o @o Gorreio am6 lrljradrv€rd! 6d rt eqiooo!

(2.6.1.1) ,Ipdgsrar o€ o6pav€laK6 oo6'.rtFa avoeopdq ro rt} dlc6 oitonlUa. H rivldtl

ror, dox.iou avlou. s€ al6q Fs fllv oflq&v€ra lqq nE, r!€prTgr9etar oro qv

4ioool:

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6rou f = 2thIe rur q D or sofiodo.€g rou i o"d{ 6lsl)0tvo€q )q y. Tov(tra! 6n

mpoki]Israt yl ouuor6oo o atov diow z, F,tclirl €ivur prxpi o'IEnxd !E tts dlf€i

2.6.2 fMorpoprx;t tpooityto4

Av osDplee,i rivqdrt peldirls KliFaxo{ xor Fatpui er6 tlv En4ri.vsrd qe nq

dI€ I 6iwu rqq tpfiq Fei!$ trxpi. Eftrl;ov, Tla orooepi poi tt€ prxfli

rorlnuktrnlo, tdrE an +: 0. 'ordv lariouv or 6uo av!8( pd5orFq q rivqol rood r -

q,toF€v€r ovogj(crar t€oorpoprkri. H ard6tol14 roxi'r}tav g ovold(8rar

y€oarpo9rxi ron'rFa xar 6ivffal ar6 q ot66l:

t -(2.6.2.1'

t{!rg()\r }r€ rq driot crEi, o 'l'v€FoE alo p6p€o tllrogaipo ne€fl 6sh6g1po9a xdr

'dp6ratXa tt€ tl6 r6opap€4 "/6po uro ta xi!'!pa Dy4trrilv n;oEov (avnxudirtg),

€v6 dro vdao ltrrdpaip$ oprot€p6Grpoea rDpo (Er6 la iswpo 1ogqtuirv rn€6€('v

(rud,{n!€g).

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ioo I km xo! Tr T€orpoqlKA nMq l]srsLrJrEpo lov 100.

2.6.3 Kb ,oorposrK4 xtyIoq

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ro!.rul6qrq 6,I(:)5 o€ sva rps,trx6 rur}lbvq |'& ,Epooemon sivor I

rur-)6orpoplni, oqv onoiq r xrwpoll6loq &nnixDvort roD q€pa avadcaolqErar aI6

! i 2 , . r -:n pouFroa mEqE - orl^do'I,

; =;,1,

:rnv r!€pino64 roD 6u[n€p0r]p0ouv I Efltriluvd{ xar rl Coriolis, r6re rpoxll,ltEr o

Pa0poi6s dv€!o6:

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(2.6.3.r)

(:.6.1.2)

To rtuiopa qE Erlt|irr}qg dv/dt ror rou 6poD Coliolis €ivor oiutrrarof

qp0s6s xar?qetar op€rc R o s s b y, R.hlaii n = v/tl-, 6,10!Lr6€!0uvsrtqe

fivndnq. Atful\€rcr orr ro Fsf€eoq ron aptoFoi Ro eivar Fsrpo irlE &rfuoE fllg'tEroorpo{prctq rpo6snlo'4(.

2 - 6 - 4 l ' t @ 6 u v a u t x t )

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32

o = ISdz. Ero! av r EKgpoon qE Foorpog'xris 'rpo66n!oE Tpo{ei oav0

oowignlq mD ,|€o60yapE(oD, Iiverar

v, =fr " voo (2.6.4.2)

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6*" *@d.

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(2.?.r .r)dt pa( A p tu

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d lno_o . d l ng_ l d l np_d lnpdt

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r,nrpcrow rrivo oo ra 75 km.

2.7.2 Ki)ratu nos.tby

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rlc xorax6p!9Eg rr\.tqeq xar onopov6ver lrlv av6repl orJr6dgarPa ot!6 rrlv

lpon6caorpd r(or rqv rar0irEprl o-.pdt669orpa. O UopFp6q au!6e q(

lponoogarplKri! Kor tle otpolodgorprKrie Ku(logoPia! €a itav rliPrl6, av rl

oLrKi 6oli qq srf6dqqrpdE 6pord{e Fe exeiq rov ft€pto16v tou I6rlF plort

t.ar !0)v p6dov ?eolpogrxov nX.ordv. Aut6 ouppaiv8r, €lr€l6ri or Iot'1K€6

reproX6g rapouoLd(ouv aroxliseq dr6 lnv audnp6lnra lou maeepoi'

a!p!!Faro(. Mia qr6 rLq epedvEig 6r6tlieE qq qvdisprl( alpat6oqarpoq eivdr

n qovrxi '(lklogopia. To 1er'.r6vo or dv+or o!(dvo!v Fe to nvoq, a'r6

so€Evek aurrxoig ri cvftol,rKo69 63 tolupons 5ulrxoig dlq a!pa!6ndD6q.

fevtxd or Flolit€p€g rolilrlr€( dv6Fou ouFpdivouv 1o lerFovo otl

H otparodearprl3i xuxl,ogopia awrdrp6g€1ft tlv Avot6rl Kar

eE€r.idderar $o Erpra avdrol'x,i poi oe FE7lgrn, o-.o !6loe loDl"io! xor

ror6rrv poivEr rpoq ro r6loq rou r.oi,oKdrproi

Or r!€pEo6iepo oFor6Fope€e rora'(6pu9a( pdeFi6€q qE tol$lrl1oq tou

(ovrxof dvdtou tpnouotlorou\4qr oov Fitpo tn( atparoogatprKtig

r.uKropopiaE. Aufli rlnapdpErpoE ovo9ip€flr 6ov A € i K ! q E ! rl6 tt P a'

. o o 9 ar p r x ri q K D K)' o I o p i a ( (S.C.I.) t(ar Eivar I U€aI ouvrot6da pori

o€ 6tp6}ra nrilouq l0 Km Ir€ x6wpo !o iVoE lov 50 Kn. E or o S.C.l. sivdr

pdorKri o !€6,0g Av€loq 6rI olpor6?roncit.

T47'oE, n nspioEoe rnE pEydh6 llEtopl'nt6lnlds qs arparooqdrPrKriq

ruxloeopiaq X6t3tar n€pio6oq KdiarTi6dE rou lsrF6vo-

2 . 8 . 2 A t p v t 6 t t C o T p a r o o e a t p t i 4 C e . p t d . r o c t c

Arevl6ro orparoogatpr l({ €6pFovon opiqFor x6ee druqwrKi

ronlri xar lpovlrli oeptrKli ovoFol,io qe orpffi6opdrpde.

MEJdln orgvi6ra orparodg(t.prxri 06pFavot ldporqpiq6,larsKeivq xard qv orlola Kdro an6 ro ilvoe rov l0 mb Kdr dr6 flq 60 ,f€o7paqft6

rlldloe rpog roDS ft6l,oDg, oD!,Avera! n rard Teoypoprx6 t!f.&os tdotoEppor.pdoia, oe oovSDosF6 $€ awrGtpopri q( xuKlogopiq€ (oDvtiooe dto

96pero tpro9dipro).Mrxpi argvi6ro 6rpotooparprKi 06ppavdq ovoFd{erol

K60€ otFovflri aitndl fllg oepprpaoidg 6€ xdnou olparosgatpuoi rlsprolri

roD l€rF€prvori t|rlqgoQioD, lopig 6Fog vo r6'I6ouv ra xprllipro ing r€dlrlcorgvldtdE orpaloogorprKie oippvonq. :nFdvetor, 611 6ev Dndpter |r€lpldifEpoT €vrrA qno6€rfli oeo)plo, roD vo e6it€i ,iupo)6 rd porv6Bar,s aw6.

37

KEOAAAIO 3

TENIXH I{YKAOOOPIA ITHN ATMO'OAIPA

O 6po( 1ew(i KuKlogopi6 awnpooonener p6vo tr p6orl pori loD s6ps

y6po dtr6 iov rlaviln. O ,lparFauK6g 6v€Fog o' 6vov i6ro KIrr Kdroro 6oo|6vrt

tpovrKri o.flTpri propei vo Fetogdltr€rdr oqFqw(Kri Ttpo an6 iI p6ol outri

rrFri, nop 6?'a aDrd I F6q rrpri EKqpd(€L !o T rori Ksr to E6f o! arv€por '!v6ouv

Kora ouTxEKprF6vo -p6ro oe 6nigopee a€pLotfe rou 1llavtinl.

3.1 Movr6l,o uovo,6 '(utt6oou

Oe@ponpe 6fl nTirvn anredvela sivdt opot6Fopq& Ko)'utpcvt pe v€p6,

on6rE 610r orogeuroDpe rit 6raqoperu i e€ppavsrl orEptig-0(i?tcodoq.

OE{upoips €niotq 6tt o i},roc KorrilqEr ouv€,a69 iov IonF6ptv6, oftotE 6tot

arog€ttoups rrlv stroXtxri l|era0ltr6rlttd. TeloE 0€opoiE 6tt n rn 6ev

n€prorp69Elar xd! €rct 1 l6v! 60vc1pt, ?rou pdq €v6!(rg6pel, eivot 11 6'ivaFl

6lggopdrg 'i€dr16. Kdlo atr6 lLg i!(lpairAvo npo0roedoEr( I 'f€vL'rri KuK)'ogopid

rou cipo 0c oi le r1 poppri 5uo xcro16pugo:v Klt I ( ipov (6vd oE KA0e

rlpLogaipro). o alpdq 6rtxo6rj €o ovepl6tov orov lorlpeprvo, 0d 66€ue npoq rov

n6lo,0d Kdt€pX6tsv orl ouv8l€ld xqr 0a en6orp€9€ t6log rirLr otov

Iortp€prv6 (r i r iapo H.dl€y), Gl. 3.1.1). H guorKri ot t id Elproup1idq to!

rDrrdpou durot KoKT'ogopioE 6e xiroe nFroQo(pto sivur rl tE?dltrl oapFavorl

otov lotpEprv6 Ka! n r(\rr6lpovn F6,dtrn 'yuqrt orov 16l.0.'Elor I Felal'n

06ppovorl rou IdnF€prvon SrtFLoDptei ortv EftL9dv€Ld IaFI?"ii nieorl, Evoi rl

le,dl"n ViEn orov r!61,0 D,yrl).i rri€srt.

XIin( (3.1.1) 1() Kia(po lludlcl. lo rpd,o rrovflilo nPolioilrr; utui QvG.lli(tlcy tu rd trrprtpo,tr:i rl tdort rL(llrttrrrj KoK?.o9oplr. O (:tx4drrirJX,xdL op7,i oq 0r;r)lui rt,ortKri nr:jnolri (d! xtr,:i r rt,oq R,f lo l 'p , r . ) ' ,vuwl( 0, : . r 'K, l , : * i '1 ' r , r . ' : r 'x t , , ,uut 'x ,x , f l r , r ru dt ' !yu rlq lrKr:q Il:plo1r:q ((l| ,:trrotp,lrrx o(r ldl"llixrtrr 1. tlnuto, r lv Nt t l ;o t , , t ' t , | . ' ,^ | ' " | i , . ' r " , i n l , t r , r rn i l l ' , r , rL 1 l (

Oro€ avdF€da 6tov ldql€prv6 ror rov n6lo €pqdviq*ar oprq6l.rrd BsgFiSu,ri€crq€ p€ duv6n€ta o vu1p6g nol,rK6q d6pog vs p6er rpoe rov IonFEprv6, ev6

do 'r€T ol.ir€po ivn o 6epp6( I6n[epLv6g a6pac vd ptur npos tov n6lo. M€ rov

rpono oDr6v n€piss€u EvEplerog dr6 rov IclFeprv6 xor T€llK6tEpa qv

Tporlu i (6q Fela$6perar oav dlqon i i lo\€dvouoo 0€pFo!q!o aroDg

trnv rpalgorrr6qm 6p0)E rdtora arllA xnflapd xurlo$opiag 6€v uftdplouv

orov ,rldvrirn Fog. Kal out6, lLdti o ri),a{!nE pdE n€prorp69Etal. Er6! Tl

56vaFn Coriolis 0d anoKliver tn lolllri v6 d pori tou Bopeiou rlFrdpdrpion

'poe rd 6€qLd ,rdpdlowqq ovarohrong errqoveloxoie avq$Dg oe 6l,0 rd

1€o1pogr(d d{irn.

M.s!1tle-I!]4.erlLu3!qa!

tlov l6qF€prv6 o eepF6g oipaq av6pleror x(lr dlfnlKv(Dv€r rou(

uSpo!por,\, nou,r€rdq6p€r SnFoupt6!'log ta onwepd nlrou "cunulus",

atr€leDespdvowac F€y.i)'eE ro66tl13{ }'a!€d\'ou6d6 oeptl6tlrd(. H 0epF6tnta

awi xdvEr tov {16pa trro dvo6rF6 evl6luovm6 ro rnftapo Hadley. O

av€pt6p€voq qtpag eedv€L 6rnv lpor!6rausn, nou 6pd oav xandxr

KoeoStlr6wog lov c6pd vd xrvto€i rpo( rou( r!610!6. H 6[vdIn Coi]olis 6]r(06

onorliver qv poi aurri rpos rq 6€6d SttFroupy6wog S0rLKoie ov6uoDq \ynld.

Oo 6onI€ 6tI ouv6lers, 6n or dunKoi outoi dv€Fot gedvouv q F6yratrlrslirtra rouq KoL ndparouv roD( depole4l(ppouc r.owd arL( 3S xdL 6S 7.r!l&06.

O a6pdq !o)pd Krvorl!€vo( ?rpo( rov,!62,0 aro rc rpo,lrxd. TivEtor nro

rurflog, agoi Vilerdr cd6uxd. Eridn( p61'q n),Io1d6er to tiod TsoTpdqtxdtrldll outxliv€r, or6ra rlapAt€r u\, ,6C fl6o€rg arq! errgdveLa

(urlotporrxd uvtlLd). Koe6g o duyxlivov a€pa(, dvo dE6 to uvnla.

opTiqel vd xar6ptEro', .rivetdr 0epr6lEpoq Kar €rlp6r€poq. Au i n xdeoDrx)i

Kivnort 8qFrolptei rov xa0dp6 oupav6 kar qv e€ppri €tlredv€ro. Eivar €|(€i

dllod€, ?rou dnvolrdF€ trg F€1AI€E epipoug roD rLavrilTl.

,{16 awriv rrtv r€proXri €00 7-r), evo ttri}lo roD €mqoleroxoi ddpa EiLdp6g€r

nioo alov I6n[€prv6, roD l6to rrg 6r]voFIC Coriolis rit€rfl Fopeodvaro].rK6c.O! dv€lor oljroi }'aToEor o7'n,€ig. Kowd arov I6rU€pw6 or

pop€Eavsrohxoi du.oi riveFor lou BopEiou Hjnogarpiou, o!-rxlivoDv jr€ rouE

volrocvoio)LlKori( 10! NorioD HFogorpiou, 6yltroDpt6!'!o€ qv Ardiponlriri

Z0ivn :i7K}'r('nq, ,|/voofli oE ITCZ (Inlertropical Convergence Zone). To

d ,o rFiFa lou €nrgovetaxoi qgpa o-.lv replo/-li rov 300 7.n rrv€iro. rpoq rov

n6lo aroK;.ivowdE, l6to drg dnvdpllE Coriolis avorolrK|i 6nFroupt6wagTouE

EnrKpalonvie6 d!rrKo[( av6po!E kar oto 660 qFoqdipla ( : I . 3.2.1).

Kdooiq or dv€For ouroi oSeioov rpoq roDE r!6Louq, 6uluvloriv ryDlpd peipdrs

o6pa, rou x.vo'3(ror npoq ro rAlo dr!6 rouE r6lous. To sio ourd pailard loD

o€pa, to VDIp6 xol ro 0€pp6. 6av ovoFr,!1)oEar Kat Sulopiqowa! an6 ro

noIrK6 F6roro, pro q6\n lopl l , i { r ieolE- ro nnorol lx6 IaFl l6-6nou o eftredv€raK6g adpdE dulxliv€r rdr dv€p1Ersr. Evd rpiFa rou

ov€p;(6!€voD a6pa Enrdlp69€r ar6 io p€16^a ivq aq (6vrl rov 300 y.1t xorpu0iqeror dilv Enrgdveld aqv r€proti rou urotpodr(oi uvt).oi. To F€6cioaul6 xitrrapo KuK)Loeopiag lE')'etoL K i r r d p o Ferre I (:I.3.2.2).

lro no?,rr6 prllo'to (600 7.,!). o \,!tp6q o6paq an6 rov '!6).0 a,!or).iv€l,

1.6ro q( 6$voFrl6 Coriolh, SnlrloDpyol!.ldg popeLovovorol,rxil pori (n€prolri

n o l r r 6 v A v a r o T , r x { i v d v 6 u o v ) .

:uvo\riqovrd( arnv €nrgd!€ld Kde€ qFro9arpiorJ Kdrri qv 5Eii0u\.1q €v6g

peon$pworit 'Jdpto'rv 660 K6pEg €protr( $\yn),(iv m6d€ov (300,r.n Kar arov

tt6).o) xor Bio xrlp€q n€proISE Xalrnldv rldo€ov (16IpEprv6q xor 600y.r).

Kdtd ft6do 6Fo( r6pa !o Fow6lo rou rpEtrorl Kurtdpo! ouFpdSiqEr Ferrtv Bpo?FolrK6frllai

Yndplolv doupqoviEE, 6,roq ro ysyov6q 6.l ro tr€oaio Kirropo Ferrel

tlpoittoo6t€r avd!o),u6 dvepo \ynlid (xao0tq rl pori lou avElrou €ivdr rlpo€ lov

Idylr€prv6), Ev6 o..nv npdtFdirK6qto o AvEpoS on6 rq rapaqpio€E eivdr

6orrx6E. IIdwo)E ro pow6l,o olj!6 oDpqov€i ni,ripoq pe rrlv Karavopri rov

sv6pov r(dr rnao€ov drtv en rgavsra.

40

Polor High

,t)),r)--.=- sr,orrooi/o1 Hioh/

"/ /,ri"",,ti*'/ /--;- Lqn . ,\ \ rtode tYhds -\ \

\ )5uut)oPl"ot

' l l isl ' : \ /-".\r--\ ,l'erla.r?s \ \

\ . \ \ \- L O W -

EtriFo (3.2.,) E.l9dvcLux6g(tftrxr6vrstl rou F6ooDnteolg.

Polor l l igh

dvepoE Kul Ka!{rvoFtisr,n9uvtxrlKof 0vr:f oo

nieatl6. Utp{mr.rirrtg (rrirvoprig !rl9

itlE

:]tril'a (3,2.2) Ml:on pednpfJpr{ KuKloqopir >I{Foflr(ti onnLK6vrort ltqF+;off F$aqFpp!!.iig Kur(l,ogopidq rou popeiou tprogdrpiou.ndpdllporivluL 'rpio K'lr!rp( Kr.,Kl.oqopir4: Io K6Ecpo lladley(r:l-€n6pr,vo {m6 trlv 0€puoKpdoi'4 €'ftcivt:mr rio6 !16 30.81eotpoprK6 trr.iiroe. To Kifl(lpo Ferel sKrr:iv€r(l o1l]v ((iq 30.-('0.81€otpoprK6 nldroq Kur to no2.ff6 K0trlrpo !E pd,l,ov roo$vriK!r(lo{popi(. T{r tJf:lrrl oro cXrilo ur.rxKovi(oDv rttv 5r:rj0Dvort.roucnrir{rvuoKoi (r+ix!.

A€oot€iudroor (iersFelms)

Or aepolsiFdppor eivar o6prE pEiFEtd Fr iKoDg I t}d6ov

tflrcp&pc)v, rlldtouq €Kdro}{dSov 1 ,!ol€Ip0)v Kar EdlollE B6vo peprKdv

I*roF€rp6v. tlov Kewprx6 rDplivd ev6q a€pol€r,rdppou, n lslittto !ot)

ovEFou ui€ppaivEr ro 100-250 knots. T6toroue aepozetFdppouq dDvowaF€

6otvd o-crlv Tpon6rduorl. :DyK€Kp1F6vo dd 660 onp€id, 6rou n Tpon6ndudl

+eovi(€r avoi?fora (300 l(or 6tl.T .r! Gpirou), Drdp)aoDv 6no a€poleiudppol

(oepor€ipappo, Tp0,!6' !aDats). O 6vac ppioKerar ravo) 0116 io

unolponrK6 u{nl6 do ivoq !o)v 13 km Kar o dllo( tovrd aio rcltrk6 p6roro

o-ro lvog tuv l0 km KaL ovoFdqetot a € P o 1€ i p o p p o q nolrxo n p€r6toD ] i

t r o l . r K 6 E s € p o l e i P d p p o ( .

3. 3. 2 z t t t t tovpt i 6 n o). t ,col Eut yTtorpo Etxo r i A ep oXet ldpp ov

d) nohK6cqFool€iudopo(

To nohK6 F&ono eivdL rl braloprartKri €nLQdv€ro toD rlol.lxoi \yulpo\i

o6po o-.o poppd xdr rou o€ppoi unotporlrxori (6pa co v6to. Auti I on6topr\

dll,a?i o'!n o€ppoxpaoio ropdler tnd an6to|n o?,loyri o-rltv t!i€61'1. H on6lopn

dl),orri o-lrlv ili€on 6nFrouptei plo poord po0pi6a tlieong, rl orois €vrol6sr lov

&v€po xor 6tFrclp1ei rov d€pol€itoppo. EnEr6ri I di.l.ori tnE e€pFoKpadioq

Kard FiKo( rou rErdrcD eivd olup6€pn to lerpojvo ror so0Ev6o-.€pr !o

KaLoKoipr, o ao).rx6( aEpol.ipappog €pqdvi(Er €rotrxri SLaKripdvdn. Tov

1€rF6vo, o [v€Fo6 Eivdr rqup6t€pog xar o a€polEiFoppoq Fet{rqdpErarvorr6rEpq xoo(lie n eElQdv€ro rou Vutpoi peroro! €KreivErdr trEIPr .rg

D,!orpotrrK66 n€pro16E. To KaloxoipL, o d€po1EiFappoE siva! oogEvid€Poq Kar

€$oni(€ror npoE ro Fopedr€po t€olpoqrKd r}'dq.

P) Y'oloorrr6ca€oov€iuaoooc

O oroiponrx6q a€pol€ipqppoq €ivar oDvieoq rqlp6t5poE rdvo on6 1(r

200 hPa xfl €iv€r vo qnpori(€ror xotd piKoq rnc 96pErac rr€Dpdc lon

KDrrdpoD Hadley. :qv n€pro:(ri sut]i ro K,lltapo Hadley p€ra96per e€pp6 o6pd

Epo€ ro poppd, SnIroupTdwag an6toFq ol)-o7ri 6q o€ptoxp.roio g€ prd

6rt1lopldi1kri EErgdv8la, no! Tley€tar Drotpoa!K6 pato1ro. :!n Tetlovld

ro)v p€16nov dDr6v SltroDpyeiror Fa0Fi6d rieole |ra 6Dv6nslg q 8nproup?id

roT)p6v av40v.

npoaoli: Xpiqer l6l{IirEpnq rpooorig ro tElov6E 6fl q Eperivrdrl rou

aEpol€rpdppoD 6ev oQ€l?Leror FovodiFawa 6trt F€yd}.t dtapopd o€ptroKpaoiag.

Kor aur6 lrari pto aepta Fiqa, roD dpli(er vd Krveiror on6 !E Frl(pd npog td

FEydld ?eoTpagrrd ril6rq, yla va &crnpioet q dlpoeopFri qg aD€&ver qv

@trirrld qE, apo$ pela9aiver o€ r6t!o p€ plKp6lepl aKrivo rcFotpop{q. Ag

Dno€6soDI€, 6!r rt d6pla Fd(a ctnv dplrKi ln6 e6o'rl i v 1€odtdo4rn. :rrt ved

lnq €6on o(,rpo6 rdpar4p4fli ndvo dtn yq 0a gdiv€ldl' L6yo trtg FElal,$rapit€rallj'ttrqg q6, !u rw€€r ovotofuKd (I r.Eprdlpopri qe Ttg 6ivdr npog fllv

dva@Ii). Alld61i, o rapaqpntlig 0a awrdlrFdv€lar Al,!lx6 dvstro ,roD [rlopelvd 61€r fe?dl,l rdt$itld, 6rll,a5i vo €ivar 6vdE Auirx6g oepoleifdppo(,

43

4.1

KEOMAIO 4

ZONIKO' ANEMO!

O M;6oc Zovudc'AvEuoc

4.1.1 Katarot i ro,r toota(t i ) r lo\ M600, Z@vtxo' i AvEttoD o' . t t

o|pa 69atta r iat 6qv r iaf l intn tEot iogarpa.

Eivor 1v'd6, 6il trebio osppoKpaoiog Ka! av6FoD eivdr dl,)'nt'6v6eta

|re!dq$ roug xor ouv€n6g I owilrtvt rov loporlnpldru.6v loD ev6E,

npoilnoe6rer rt "riv6orl rov lopoKrrtplo-rrk6v rou dlloo.

To n€6io rou (olrl.oi dviloD o! rr€Kprp€vo, 6zer F€lelnoei dr6 trollor4

epeuvnr€E Kard !o nsp€le6v, IE 5e6op6vo 6ro96pov lPovrlrotv t!3Pd6ov, t(doe

popd xdrord 6s6oF6wr ourKExprFEtnq rEproliq lrlq crporoteo6ogorpag.

np6ft€r dk6ut vq rov60ei to T etov6(, 6fl ro 6€6op6va nou lprorFoftoirloav or

6d9opo! epeuvtr6g ioav p€lpia€rg 6td9op€ltkov op?'tvov tt€ o1tot62.€6F4, va

tpEri(€rdr '.&ou rpodo'lrri €xtillrlcri sr6 xdee ep€tvnti rov 6,deop6v tov

IErprid€ov dtr6 tia0F6 de:!a0jr6 Kar dr6 ri'yog o€ ivoq,

:to :trito (4.1.1) rldpou6d(eror I ovd),!6n rov rooi.1l6v lotl pa6ou

qo)vrKoi ov6Jrou, 6€ dDvripinq ll€ ro uvoq xoL jre to ttu7poptK6 rldto( o-rn

drpdr6dgatPo xor drlv Kor6rept p€666eorpa. tro :IriFo aur6 eoi!€!or, 6fl rl

dlpat6dqarpa Kar rov 6to nlrdedlpiov 1opqerdr oe 6io r!€p1o16(, qv

lponrx'i. lrou Eflxparow Avdrol,rxoi dveFor Kar ttv reProtri tov F€sov rat

I€?d1,0)v Teo1paprx0:v r!)'ftoiv. trou elrD.poro$v ADrrKol dvqror. Ev5n96pov

rdpouori(€r q ropariptorl,6Tl ro x6wpo lov AvdlohK6v ov€Fov o-rrtv

rporrrKri neprcli eivat !€roroftropevo trpoq ro B6p€ro lproqdipro xor €rion(,

6rL 01 Au Koi dv€Fol rou Notiou rlFtdqdrpiou ord p8ydtra y€(o,pagLKri rlldin

eilur tro)'i ralup6rcpor orro iou BopEiou IFrogorpiou.Ar!610 llritlg aDr6 rpoKinr8r eTriong, 6iL owi08ld !€ 6,tr dulpoiver o"rrl

alpdr6s9qrpa, o (ouK6E AvEpoq o'rtv xo'6€pn p€d66ecrpa eivar Avnx6e o€

6).a to Teotpogrxd nldrrl, eKi6! dn6 qv Apx'ruoi €pLotri, ?rou goivEior Fiasro.n dvdrlrt)Erle Avarol,rKorl ovf Fo!.

E tua (1.1.r) KcroloPli to! Psoou (o'$of ctdlrou (n/sc') Fe to t{'oq r{' to'-

rr,o'rpd9rr6 rtdtog GAva$Inog. + AwLr6{)

T6Log rldpottpEitor 6fl aq lEd6sgcrpo tou NodoD nttlopdrpioD or

Allrxoi 6vepl eivar ro1up6lepor ar' 6,rr roo BopeioD, 6roE dl,taa.€ ouFBaivsr

Kor cq orPatooparpa.

4.1.2 Et irStort roD MiooD Eri6too Z@vncot ai tqoo 1tE rI Mioq

Edata etptoEpaoia orI orparddgarpo , .at or l r t rat t i rcprt

:ro dvci!€pd 6rp6poro inq o+6o9alpog, 6nou or 5Dvd$elE rprprig sivsr

oF€lrlr6e(, I Kivlorl $dq F6qaq roD adpa Kqoopqstar rupioq an6 rlv

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(4,1.2.1 ) oe 6vd aEp6to adpo ovqr€da 6rrq roopapais P", Pr, 6iveu

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ro iryoe Ko! ro ,reo,rpdprK6 'il.droq €ivar 6upp4oo.!69.

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dv6FoD Ie ro 6\,os, avd 6:rou ordpllx 0eflri pdoFi&r rq6 F6ons €rriolaq

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Z@vltcott Avtpo ar| otpo.t6opatra iiut otqt ^azd)rtpI tu:oioqutpa.

:ro:uipa (a.2.1) &ArsIor ro E?drog (6e ntsec) qE Errioloq Knpcvat:'roD M66oD Zovxo6 Avr:foo (EKZA) oE GDvdptrlq Fr io i\roq Kar ro'rdolpoelx6 r?drog xdr dd 3r,o nlrlo'goipra-

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tlo >liFo (4.2.2) qaivowa! o! Ipdvor oroue onoiou( tivolror p€Tldrol

or Altrxoi dv€For de Kde€ arFEio rnq cpor6ogorpoq Kor rtq Kol(ireplg

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oulllrepdoForo, !o oEoia Divouv Flo saqi awil,nvq rtE olF?r€prqopdE lou

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l. Tov x€rF.irvu rou xde€ rprdgarpiou drv Kdror€pn F€o6o9arpa tov

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nFrsqarpiou arlv r€pro1i aurrl €rrxparo[v ot p6-rrolo! Avc4ol,rxoi dvspor.

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p€ra1o,no|l6vn npo( 10 86P€rc l[69oipro,

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napalnp€irar onqlq roD n).diou( qE EKZA. To iSro orprB0tq ouppaiver xor

a'!6 ro frKpd rpoq ro F€oa .rEo)TpdqrKd rldtn.

4. H EKZA rov p€7dt ov xar lrxFx,iv 7€oTpaqrxdv a],at6v 6t6r qv iSra

qddrl l(ai aro 6$0 tFroeoipLd.

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4.2.2 t iv6€04 qq Erictcc K' lavdttg rqc furtx iq l io ' tC €€plotpaoiaq

xat r4e EnioraE Kiparolc roD t t tooD Z(Dy, l .o[ AytpoD.

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ospFor(paoiq oro p6oo l<al p€7dla -reotpaqLKri aldq p€.rl tpricrt iI€

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nvoe Kal ro t€o.rpoqrK6 d.drot (rdpdptnFo), €ivdr 6Dvdr6v va €K FqeEi nxdtdvopri !o'r r}droo( rrt€ EKZA dtnv ffiprotri lov p€d(Dv KoL Fstdro)vT €o1pogrK0lv ,!lorov.

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.nE E.K.O, T ro p€do,!)'drcq lnE E.K.O o'6vo dp6trd lnE o!p669orpsg. orTlTovraxi ralilrllo n€prarpo$rig tn€ lrr€, I 1o TEoTpaprK6 ttlftos Kst lJ !o

rl6rogtrlg EKZA, otr6 rtv eEiooon tou oepFrKoi av6Fou trpoxnlrter

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Erd I Xpr'torForoirprl rov trlaroiv tn( E.K.O pqpr ro 6\'05 ro)v 65 Krn

xal rov ?rl,dr6v q( EKZA o.ro $Vo6 tov 25 Km, nap4€r !a n7'6q !t( EKZA

oE 61,{! ro Fetdln!€pd i\yrl. Td dEot€lidFold loD €l6xou a!ro{ Sivouv 'nv

rlrlpoqopia, 6ir rt E.K.O €,ial'n0cneror {ar cro}rloen€r alipo6 rnv Katavopi

rrlg EKZA, o-!o I6oE Kor p€ydlo yE0rypaqtFd rldrn.

1.3 Hur€r6aro Kfiuol,arl rou zovrxo{ Av;nop.

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IoD MtooD ZoltEot Avipoa o14 dqat66gatpa ,;a.t orqr KaT.bftpl

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ar -f2o,qllo) afu)ry=- ' ' l . -s , la( i )

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EKZA, ,!o! DnoloTi(erar nt6 aDri 0'6l€r an6 to ,rldtoE rnE EKZA, rot)

Dnol'oli(€rar ar!6 ng FErprloeq 'oD (ovrKon dvapou.

na nopd6€r'rlro, p€ aplrl ro livoe rov 25 Km, Itd rdoe 5 Km nvolg rolTro Kdee 100 reorpdguo\l nld!o!(, I opq6!.!la ll€rdBol'i rou,rl'droDg AT, rnq

E.K.O ouv66eto! 11€ rd nldrtl rnq E.K.O, T, xor trtg EKZA, ur t!o! avsg6powdr

o€ 6vo ivog 5 Km ll€lol,irepo dn6 ro dtp0j$d. 6nou awiororld or !1p€g elvar

Dr,T:, [€ q ol6on:

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KiFavon( rou F6oou Zol'lxo$ AvEtou (HKZA) o.q o-.po!669a.p4 t(or dtnv

l(sr6tsprt |rs666qarpcr, o€ ouldFrlol tr€ ro i\rog xor ro f€ofpaqlr6 rldro€

alo Srio qFrdqdipu.

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ri\rog |(dr .o 1€olpaqfi6 nldrcg.

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lcar Kor6r€pt ll€666qqtpo oe rdoe reo)7pa9ft6 ?rldroa inE lng xar eivar ro

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Kdwpa FEfiorou, ro 6va orq 250 B, Kar ro dllo lsoN, F€ rdllp6repo ro

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H xipcvorl ourri rspdqp'ion'€ tro ftp&rl popd o"qv rporrxri

arpar6s9drpq 6r!oD !o nl&oq tnq s€i €ilcr oprsld }l€ydl.o 6a€ oX16(€r

rouE AvdroLrKoq avCFoue oe ADrlKoiE on6 !o ivd 610g aro dl.l.o.

H ouuione ncpouoioon qC t.A.K, €ivar Evol,lddo6Fev€q q6veg

Avalol,rKotv '.ar Alrrrdv dv6pov, ,opio)q drn tporrKi q6\n rou rflvon!'lar ll€ |

Kmfuivo npoe ra Kdro). H 6d6o6n al)lii o'!a F€yol'3repo ,r€olpaerxd tr].&rl

Eopolod(Erar noli otvo€ltt.

:e 6fl oqopri rt qdsrt ttg Krilovotg oulri( €ivar tvo6r6, &r aftri

EotKil,),€L aKov6vFld fero6i rov 20 Kdl 30 Ftv0iv, dv KaL o p6oog 6poq q6

r€pt65ou eivar xovtd 6!oDg 26 priv€6. Or |r31a0o?,66 qE qdotg rqq I€ !o

IeoTpoerx6 Fit(oq 6ev 6lo!v 6€leuxov0si ov xar l'ldplol)v svSsigeq

ovoFor6Foperlq L1r!spo!5o|"\ Sd6oaqq qg KlFaurnq sn6 qv Kewprxri

Ap€prK1i Kdr rov lv5rx6 OKedv6 rpog qv Auorpdl"io.

To ?r}.d!og r6pa !16 :.4.K. ndpouodqfl F€Ttodl rtpri xo\aa d'ilv

roopopi rov 30 mbr tou IdlF€prvoi. Ert6g aE6 ro Kipro dur6 |rE1t6ro

56

Etreovi(Eiar 6vs rol,n pxp6lepo 6€u!€p€iov F61r@o xowi dlq 600

y€oYpdqrKon rl,arouc o-.tv roogopi rov 300 mbr .

Ta TapoKrlprdtrKd aurd qq:.4.K. rou o:irrcpo Eivdr Tvoorri oov

ffiTx6oFro qorv6p€vo, xa06e KaL r nropbri qq. 6€v iroDv epFrvED0€i rl.ipog.

O d{o'!6q rrq rlapo?priqo! alriq €ivor vo enall0en6€t to:(apol(qploirkd q€

t.A.K. rnc e€pFoxpqsiaq pe opoTevri 6E6oF6!o l(ooole eaisnE vo pp€o€i pro

Kdlrors o0v6€6n iov ZopaKtIprsoxoiv oufliq.

trtv aplri dvaqdpovtar ot 6io r€nuK6c ro! 1pn6$o,roro[wdr d"rn

6lEevri PrplLoTpaqio.rld rov u'!o],o]lop6 loD ft].&ooE xar rI€ qdcrlE ltE t.A.K.

tov 6lgq6pov oipooQdrprK6v rapdFErpov.

:rlFqovo t€ fltv ftpdln retvrxrl, €qopp6q€toL I ll€eo6o6 rov 12

FersKlvorJr€vorv F6oov Gunning mean) dlc p€o€q pnvlai€E !lp6q rrlE

napol1dtpou, 0r!6r. iroL aQflLponvldr ar6 flt tpovooErpd or 6uvrdr66e( €KEiv€e

!e '!epio6o prxp6tupr ri ion lov 12 plvdv. O Madden 6For( 6r€t,lroo€ trl

oeopiltrxri dno\fl Kor o Quiroz to Sldnioroo€ 6!tv rlpdqrl 6rt F€ rt €tvrxli

aDti, rl :AK ro! rlpoK,lnr8L 6IsL xata 40% prKp6r€po ntr droq ar6 ro

t$Fqorvo ge q 6ent€pr1 r€:(vrKi, n oroio €qopF66etxE xoi €56 do

6€6oF6vo lnE e€ppoxpadiaq. Drlo;.o-ri(owar or anolig t0)v F66ov Fnvrdiovlrp(iv Kdee 6touq oTio rl rriort Jrnvlaid trpri ol,6xl,rlprg rnq tpovo6€1pd( ,)/io

Kd€€ Fivd. ]-ld vo 5Loto)prooEi I tAK nou nepr6taral oiq onox6E 01J!6g

eqdpp6(€rdr gddtLorrKri ovdl,l)orl. Tc dror€L;opoia noD npoEKDVav lr€ rrl

FE0o6o auri, 7la ttv rcdrovopri roD nldto!{ (0C) rtq:.4.K. (p€ r€pio6o 26

Fiv€g) !n6 €EpFoxpaoiaq oq orpotoo9drpo Kqr orrlv kat6€prl p€o6oqsrps

ota 6!iqo po ,reoTpoprxii rlaln rou BopeioD Klpiog tltloeqrpioD gdivowdr do

trril10 (a.s.l).

An6 rc :Xrild aur6 6lr!nl6rdve!d1, 6Il I t K sivdr onpdwrKri 06 lpEq

tieprcI6g. H Fia r€prolri sival n rporLxri Koroii€pn oipd!6s9drpa 6no\r n:.1.K. €I€L ro Feld,rjlEpo n).A.o6 rne (2,4 0C) r 6€ur€pn €ivar n F€drlorpdr6oqarpd rov t!6dov 7€o1pd91K0:v alor0sv (1,6 0C) l(ft r rpirrt I ApKtrKri

xor(i!€pt p€o6oAdrpo p€ nldroq 2 0C.

:q oDv6leld.rivetqL rlpoorldoeu vir 6o0ei arAvllot aro €p(iqpo dv td

lpi(r K6wpa 116: K, ,roD 'leprypdetKov 610 tzifa (a.5.1) ar€li{owd! FEldtfroDg Kar Kdid trol6 tp6no. ftrI ro dNotr6 dD!6 67!ve Sl0Goupoiirsq QaopaflKiovd?Ludn (cross speclrum analysis) ovdFeoa orLq ofto1eq tov F€sov srnoiov

5T

(ovrr6v o€ploKpdol(iv ar6 q !€art 6tri6lo (ovlKli €EploKproia 6lov rov

dq6?rlarov traoFov rDpdu;,opoli6'Eov '!oD lpndrorotonEdr dEq Srarprpi, s€fl6 owicortEE arroISE ite oeppoKposid( !o\' 25 Km roD:roopo[ S'ngapor€ (loN) a€ 6nigopo 6\,rr. Td oror€l€4aro &irvowar do:xiFa (a.5.2) rdr

ouvovi(owar o< €lis:

L H :.a.K. rts FEorle (o\a'<i( oEpfoKpqoiqq o-q a.par66qarpd rov

tporu(oiv xcL p6oov lEoTpqqlxoiv rl,or6v ouv66€rqr dlEor t'€ rn :.A.K.o!

IdrtFeprvol.

2. H >.4.K ro)v peTdLov Teotpdgrx0iv r .ar6v qg xdr6!€ptq

l€oddgorpd( 6€v 6uv6€erdr pe q t.A.K rou IdrlF€prvoi xdr n€ov6v aKo],ouo€i

6r(r9op€rLx6 quorx6 pnlovrdl6.

Erion! F€ rnv iSLa ovdl,uon rou tprrdrFo,rori0nKe o-!o nporlloiFsvo

€p6rrl[s, €qerd(€laL nors €ivdr rl q(€flxli gaon rnE:.d.K. .rro 5raeopd uvrl

to\' |ltoov xdr F€yrilorv 7€oTpoqrxotv ,rlar6v pe rtv tAK iou lortp€prvoi o-.o

nvog rov 25 Km. .{l!6 ro tliFs (4.5.3) npoxi,E€r 6r! rl:AK rov llf,cov xor

Frxpo)v 78o7pdqrxliv r.l,srr,iv !I( o-.pdr6o9drpd6 9pi6Kerar oE s!'rioeon gdol€

F€ rq :AK rov peTdl,ov r€orpoqrr6v 'llqrdv lte av6r€prtq alpar6dqarpag xar

lrlE rat6€png p€o6sqarpag. napolrlp€irdr ox6Fl an6 qv cvdtruol lov

too,poorK.!v KsFi''.G)v 6rL I:AK SruSiSeraL 6tn dtporocgorpo u,ro ro

[s7a].n.epo rpo( ra glxp6iEpd n\yn lrE raxnlnta l-1,2 Km/Fivd.

TuLoq o.co t1ila (4.5.1) SEitv.r.rL pro TevrK6laprl dno'yn rtq rapouaiaq

rn( !.4.K. KoL rov Arrlov Kuldvosov nou EloDvrepioEo l€yot i!€pn rou 6rou6,

ora 6€6opva 1€orTpaqrNd El'att lov,r'o dE'6,1'dlov trooFojv '!upau).o86).roq(

Kor 6rd 8rdpopa fvn. :ro i6lo :Iila ,riverar dvdgopd Fd| ae Er6|Evrl

rlopaypogo 6t!ou €p€Dv0iwor or KlrpurLrc€E laoerg ltE oEptroxpooiaE.

Or Hohon Kar Lindten ro 1972 rdr o Plumb ro 1977 rp6iavdv 6va

5u!ourx6 po!a;lo, ro orcio etrl€i rloll& topqrlnpr6-.r'rii qe :aK 6d

lponrxd. :rlttgo\a lr€ aur6 !o pw6Lo n t.A.K. 6€Teiperdr dn6 itv "6i7rlFl"

rng Tevr€Dp6vIE perrqopAE rfi oplri( (poti Ellirssen Palm), I oroia aI€riqE1or

F€ ta rl.cvtfll.riq xl,ipqr(gg KllFalo iou IdnF€prvon, noD drsSiSowor

xordx6puea. t!7K€xprFsva eE{,iploov, 6tt I F€rapoli €xqp'j4€L tov xorA ro

p€otplprvo ol,oKrnporp€vo !€60 (ouK6 dv€Fo o€ pid leot$prMi rl,ipoxo S.

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Errir'a (.1.5.1) Ko&vorri ioo ').6D!s q9 oro66v 6Eroi5 ri,Fqvois ntqoEpHoKpddlot oro6!ipop! lj'trl oDlv r€p'of i 80'r B-10'r N t. nliiro(

o . l !

B0PEIO lllvllI0ArPlO

tlil"a (4.5.2) TdrpuJ@vLk,i 6uri$Eu (s!uru dn8cncc) 1'1q qX€6ov br€rolqr'lFv6ng (2( |rj!r4) ril( 06pFoq(oidg or(8rtpopaT. {Lint l(o! nylpe exeiv4 rov 25 knr ror lonleprvou

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!rrlr'd {a,5,1"t !xErr qn6r .t9 dlf66r 6r,r0!6 (iIarcrK rrt: drjr!o,:oudi,r.r@v oBgopov yr:@?0uo'*cj! rtrrov k{, !V6r, Fr: €;uira ro!lon,$:p'vori drtr 25 kn.

.:l , ,nir \ |

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Errjt'! (r,s,ll Kdovouri Fu trI.ilow tn< or.5or 5'crokruv.r\rov xls'iwcuv r,. nupjoto pLrdtr)n,"r u! 6uo .!,ir olrrlr+orp<D!rng olraroo{d pci (d' flf kqrnrprts |.[ooigqq,qg iiaDoo.iou rttrcro(Piriu

'.1 rG3 IIJA .^.---'.-- \- ---- -- - -l

Eror tt outrrtDBrt rrtE llEotq poti6 Kaoopiqslar an6 qv eBioo6n:

a! 1 a [3- ] 8n ^a=-

"alLry*,;.e (45 r 'r)

6,nou p.(z) sivar rl !e6n '$xv&n!a, F{r) €i}ur rr xard rov F€arugprv6oT,oKltpop6q xardx6pugt poi Elliassen-Palm, roD o-I€ri(€rar F€ ro KiFa. O K

' Eivo! 6vo( ou\€l,Earie xalaK6puqnq o-rpopl},0i6oug odlDortg |(or n C(z,t)

oltulepl;'aFpdveror, 7la va €tffip6\yer qv np60e6n F a{ tDtdidE nnliq opFrig,

Or rrF€g rIE F(z) unol,oyi(owor oriprpovd !€ ro lovr6lo ro! Linalz€n 1rotd lon!€prvri K[Fato. Oiov ra xipdro durd uei6ta1aar rl1t66Fe6n a,r6 tr]

N€utriv€ro \r$En, rt F lra td xiFota Kclvin unol,oTi(eldr on6 rov !r,no:

F(z)= F(zo)6xp (4.5.t .2)

ev6 ylo td avdFerxta xilqra papnrntoE - Rorsby Sivetdr dn6 tov!!jro.:

(4.5.r.3)

6nou ro |( Eivo! o ku$dr(ipleFog ro! KOFaroe (eE!LK6q yld rd x,ijrald K.lvin,

opvqrrr6g ?ld ro Rossby - Knlrdto Bdptrntog). c eivdr I eoolKi ratfrtio (i6lo

'!p6qpo p6 ro x), o(z) eivor o dotr€r.€driE trlg Nsur6v€rog vttte Kdr N(z) naup&rlro Brunt-Vrisala.

' Oroe oFoi 66eqe o Quiroz, I ?repiodoq ing :AK r!r0dv6!dro

ll€rofdi,l,€1a. lr. tov I1.1aK6 x6r.lo Kal &or o xup(r!6p€Fo€, ro!

tpnoUono€iror 6to towE !o rov Hollon xar Lindzen, ed ftpdnEr va

lr€loF6ll'31or xar aur6q. Enoldvoq 0a rpenEr kal rt KaraK6puprt 6oFi tnq fAK

vo€EaprdrarxoL on6 rov t7,ta'(6 xixLo.

F(.)= Fc")",p[i#(" F),']

6 t

4.s.2 H t f f66t ' / rc1 ic Kt ipavol oto z@tt ' id t t rEpo Nat I raravo$i

a w i g o t t o r p a l . i o p a t p o ̂ a t t I v t i a r ( ; r c q 1 l L o n o @ a I p a .

Eivdr yvorn6 6fl drouq lpoErKo'i6 io [€T o],iIEpo F€poE tng 6lodopog

r@v p6v 1ou U€oo! (ovKon av6pou rnE KoldtEpne 6iPot669orpaE

EpFtv€neror 0l!6 q 6Xe66v 6l€ii xipovan. H Kitrovol du-ri €ivc! onlowrtoi

xowd olov Ionpeprv6 xor lopaKlnpi(€rsr att6 tlv dvd 6no repinou lp6nd

€volloti ror qoqKoi aviFor, on6 ovEtolKo oF 6ut,Ko or 6rLo our6s 9doei6

qg oXe66v-5re!onq xnpavottq ovopa(ovlar quvieoc (AuitKri" kar "AvalohKi"

9d6n. And to :Zipara( 4.5.5-4.5.8) napoinp€ilar 6fl rl gDorKri ralitlra l(

r'lFdvonq 6La5i6ed1 rpoE rd Kdto, noD ortPttiv€! olt Kd0o56 io f6rro.o llg

ADlLKriq $dqrtq Ild5i6elqr o€ FrKp6tEpo n!,rl. 6io p€?qli!€pa xarv€t trlv

€Fg{ivlqi qq I Avdro},rKri 9ddn. Av n Srdilisroon duli €xqpqd'tei 6€

roordx€i< onpqiver 6fl o 6uflK66 d€pot€ipqppoq opli(er va eqd66evei raootq

6ra66€raL npog to xdio, evd o ovdtobx6c €vtdXfetdl. APa xdrote o

avorolLK6g o€pot€iFappoq raipv€L q e€on to! opttKoi 8urrxotl

oepol€r,ldppou. O 1p6voq, nou tpet4(etoL rld rlv ovnKotrisloon auti,

orrarorlei ('tnvlFrnEpioSotrq dIe66v-6LatoneKnFsvoIq.

Avap6penk€ ara 'rpolToriF€vd 611 I EnKpqt6n€pl 0€opid, 'oo

EEETdqEL ra oilla rlg oxE66v-6reto$€ t[pdvdnq €ivrt I o€opin tov Lindzen rior

Hollon. >ipgova FE du'li rpoteiv€lar o €Eiq Fn7a\adF6e: Ta l(iporo ron

Idnp€prvon, Kelvin (p3 repiodo 10-20 IF6P€E) Kal ro dvdtretl(fl K'llcrrd Rossby

Kar Popirnldc (Fe flepio6o 4-5 tp6peq) 6louv ea6rKri laxirlro, !a '!pr,itd apo6

rlv Avarobi xdr to 6Ent€po trpog q Anq. To K$Fotd ourd 6rasi6owot

xomK6pDqo ortv Kordr€pn arpd1ooeorpo KoL iloDv t!6Ttoto rl,dro( xat6.tl

6dpKeld qg Avaroz.LKriE eAotg rt( o1e66v-6t€1o,iq KipovonE. Orav I olE6ov-

Erc!1i6 ripavcrl Ppidxerdr dI ADrrri gaat, I rcpio8oq io! K'iltdioq Kelvin,

ftoD 6n6i6srdr1lpos rrlv avoroXri, dDiavsr oC npoq q qo\tKri po'i xoeoq to x,ipo

Kelvin eloepl€rar oq (dvt tov 6u.rKdv ov6pov Kdlor ar6 to 6!.rx6

oepotEitappo. H anErlot aDni qe rcp65oD 'rpoxot'€i eDdrdoldio oto x[[aT rd

dr6ope6n }r€ anor6l€opo vd dK'rvopolei tipoq ro addtltto K(r dDv€trd)S va

ViI€ror. OE6t€ ro Kn$d Kelvin stroppoqdtdr dooc 8urrKonq avdpouq Kar tolq

p€roqep€l opFri Fe atrotdl€opa o 6DrLK6g o€poI€i[oppoq va evlolielor Kar vd

€?lsrc.€ivefll FE !o Xp6vo ard FrKP6t€pa n\,lt. Orog ovdq6pelxE 6F.dg, tdvo

an6 ro 6Dtr(6 oEpoleipoppo, !ftdpXEL I aEptolli lov ova!ol"1Kd)\' ov6Fov. :tlv

62

,t€protri oDlri rd l($pdrd Rossby ErsEptowdr xoi oprivouv pe oDvdnero va

8ivoDv oppi. To stlolEl€oFo €ivar va €r€r-ieiv€rdr npoq m Kdro I qovt, 610!

livetdr 6rftFnan tuv ov(r!o;,1'<6v ov6Fov Kar 610r vo €peovq€rdr n AvororrKri

pd6rl qC dle66v-68!on6 xDlovq6. H o€opio 6Fo)e duli prov€rrEi gdorxd olo

6rL 6ev €ppnvefer qv e1r6rto6n llg dJa€66v SEro$g KripdvotE o.ro F€Td.ta'fEoypdqrKiddq xar6to 6rr npoxaoopiqer rtv n€plodo dtg KtFavdnq.

trippovo, 7,ou!6v, }le inv osopia rov Lindzen xo! Holton !o 6vouoFd rte

t.A.K. Eivqr 6uvdFrK6 xar 6Ev oq€ilsror o€ ropAloweE alctwoFoliag. Anl,a6i,

I al.tr"I),eri6pool tov Tport(oiv KuFftov, noD 6rd6i5ol'rar rlpoE to €rlAvo, |reinv nplerioro KiFavcrn !n( F€snE poriE 6rtFroupyoriv llv t.A.K. olTl

6!poro69drpo. npirer va rovr60€i €5d, 6!r o Plumb ro 1977 rJr!66€qs, 6n 5€V

aivar ovoTxsiq n rinapBr qq tpl8rrio,as KuFovcrl€ dtn E6r (oux1i po1i.

nopoll€vEl eKt6e oE6 td dllo xar ro np6pl,nfa ttg ,r€rspoliq qE

Eep66oD ttg t.d.K. O Wallace 7rp6r€rv€, o!1 I n€pioSoe lte KiBdvcrle

p€ropdll€ror, 6rov llE.a9l,noonv or 'lttaq ro)v xDFitov opFic. Erion( o

Plumb.(1977) 65eqE,6r! 'l 1r€pio6os rTlE rntqvorlq €qdptdiar on6 noude

arparoogdrprx6g lr€rogh.dq (6noq boyancy frequcncy. radi3riv. dhsipation

ratc x.l,.n.). TiLoe o Quiroz rcpalliploe,6fl Dndp)t€r $€ldloq dpvrl!ff6e

auw€leadie duol&rolE ovdFedd 64 ll,ux6q Ktl,iSeE Kar o-!tv t!€pio6o llg

t.A.K. rou (ovrroi ovdpou o"rov lovlpeprv6.

Eiv l.orn6v xavei{ 6Eleei. 6rr I :dK SrETeip€ldr dt!6 to rporoopurprxd

rqloto, rp;r€r va olFpovrio€rt 6fl I rcpioSoE rq( Supopq6v*ar an6

rponooqarprKd aitrot ra oroia 6ev 61er Ei6fl aro6ert0Ei,6tr o1)v66owar F€

trn drpar6oqdrpa, 6roq 61Er avoqepeei do npon-ronF€vd, 6rlFd!'nl<6

p6lo rai(€r n u'!epr65ts ql oKri s'Grvo9o1.ia, roD !r!aFd;,;,€1dr dirqovd tsrov ntroK6 xiK?,o (!Icath) xa! ot 6uKoFdvoeq aut6( q( lr€prdSouq qllorrig

dKflvopol"ide Eivar rKdv6€ va F€rapdlrouv q o€ppoxpaoia Kar duver6e ro

(ovu.6 dveuo l(ar sno#voq va drolopqddouvrn !.d.K. alld exrov dvo,

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s . t . t K a n l ' o r i t o t t o o r a x b e r o D M t 6 o D M e 6 t t ? p t v o t A v d p o

614 6rpaf6oparpd ta.1 or4r xardreprt !E66oparpe 6€ dDrt ipr4orlpe to 6U!oq rat to l tafpo.pn 6 t t ) .d.roC

nopouqrd(a droilepo €v6uq6pov I F€).6q tou Feonp9p|o$ ov€Fou,

€r€$ti ffi6 llv ouFreprqopd rou eEdrowsr paorKd outn€pdqrdrd,r|a ro

xoe€or6q r!oll!]v crgooearprKdv iqpoF6rpov. ldv Eapd6ertFa avo96parfl, 6?r

n od9ie yv6on lnq p€6n$pprvri( KlKloqopiog 6ivel ntrrtpopopieq.rrd qv

Ferogopd rou 6(o,y,!o6 an6 rov l6rlFeplv6 ,rpoE touE r!6l.oue arnv n.ptolri q6

xdt6r€Prlg o_rpdr6oqsrpa6.

H F€).6q rou FolFoprvou avEFou FropEi va yivEr 6[[edd, F€ rI

lptoqroroinorl llq kardvotuic rov qovlKsjv ra6e€pF0rv 60 F€6rlFpprv6 €r!i,rE6o

Kar iip€6a an6 F€lpioeq qq rol!ftritdq roD.

M€ rov 6lt€do rp6ro .fiveror tpiort rne OepJro8DvdFrKriq etidoqq xqr

qq .Eioo6t6 q( dDvg1eldc. :Dyx€KprFdvd, av I €ivar ro ?Eo.rpq9rK6 rll,tuog z,

!o [\yo(, I o 1p6vo(, Tl dn6},1jq oEppoxpooid, vKdrwI p€6tBppi\41 xglt

xstax6fuqn ta1ntnrd lou dvrFou dwidlorlq, r I oxlivq rng.Inq. p nrDKv6{tq T r aSrqpalr'('i oEppopaopi8d (s./c,), Q I a61apat,l(1i rd)cnqrd

06pFdvortg r6i€ ro-l6€L:

m _ d t _ ( T \ q u r 6 D v a ) ^- ! + y t r . : = 0 ( s . t . t . t )a toovC4 \z J toovdN

4o",,c) *4N\ _ otoDvidd

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KarovoFi( rov qouftiv 1o6e€pFov aro p€6nppprv6

dr6 rDrrxEq ru66 qE (ouKriq 0€plroKpo6ia{ !e io

rivo( xar o€ Sd'gopeE €,lolEg Kar F€ !t poie€ro ro! o€pprKof ov6pou,

Dnolo r(owar or (olrxoi 6vEFor.

O 6poq V'T' povEp6!€r q F€6I rrFrl tc)v drolllv dro t6po Kqr 6!0

lp6vo rrtE op46wue lr€idQopdg eepjr6qls€ on6 touq arpoFil.oDq. An6 flq

al6oeq, rlolJ dvdgiportKov rro Edvo, rlpoKtrlr€r olr:

- 1 tu2nrp az

6r.oD v eivor I ).€T6F€vil o).oKhpoFgvl poi pd(og.

(5. r.1.3)

€ror sn6 lrlv !60050 aDri npo'cinouv to €Eie ouF €pridpfta, lld qv

f€oqppprvi rDK7'ogopio lnE orpdr6oparpaq Kqr xal6repnq fl€d66eorpaq.np6rd o-crlv x(lldrepyl o-.pat6sqorpa I p€ottppprvri xljkloqopto xaeopl(erar

att6 lnv lpon6spdrpd. Td rpio Krirldpa q€ lporoogdrprxiq KDKloeopisg, ro

Kyrropo Hadlcy, ro Kirlopo Ferrcl Kdr !o noXrx6 Kirlapo. 1ivowor 560 alnv

rotdrepl ctpai6ogarpa, ollv onoio !o |.riircpo Hadley et!€rft€ivetdr trpoq !a

F6da ?rXdq, evri !o rdltrdpo Ferrcl €ne$€iv€rar rpos rd Erdvo F€ x;,iorl rlpoq

rov r!610. €Iri|.|d 5.1.1). tqv av6lepn orpdt6d9orpo rdpa €rrKpolei 6vo

xlat(rpo r(Url,oqopidg. 'looE a!r6 ouFBaiv€r, effir6i rl nol,rxri rleprolri ron

0Epwoi r rdgarpioD oepFdive@! Evoi I ?iol.rri n€prolli rou xertr€prvoi

tpropdrpiou \,[Ielor. 6nog npornFra an6 rrq 6€p7d6i€q qC o'crvoFof,is6.

Eror efl ?tdvffar lrlagopri Fdqaq cdpo cn6 to 0EFv6 npo€ ro IsrtrEprv6tptogoipro, 6rou o adpoq €r€i EovsrupiqE! o"lnv rpor!6o9arpd. Eivar 6!Iow1K6va ovoqEpo€i, 6fl q ol.rrli 6rovlalrdtri pA(ag roD ov6!epo! -lpaloogorplxoi

oapd !€!dq,6 io)v 660 nFogarpiov arn dtiipKeld 6 Fnv6v EivaL n€pirou 15% q6

ol,ufliE pd(ag ioD ev6( nfro$drpiou.

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90. 80 7q @ sCr 10. tO' 20' to. o. !ir' 2d 3o 40. 5o. 60. 70" 3r" qloBOPElo HVEOAIPIO NOTIO HMI:OAJPIO

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lx'j|o (5-Ll) KaruvoFri rou F:oou jrEotF0pNon os:Lou (m/scc) F,: 10 nvoEKcL to 7€{!}pd9!K6 rl.rito!

v 60

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5.2.) Kanvo| i rob r ,-d7aDc xat t IC gt iolc rr tc Er: iotas K' tarottc

IoD t t fooD M|or l l fptvot Avi too ort t oTpat;ops.tpa. xat 61qr

xar.breprl yea'opatpa os o,t( tpr|ot t NE ro 6Voq rat ro tx@lpaptt d

rldro C.

tro :tipa (5.2.1) goive r r '(dlavo}lri tou ,rlarols qq Elidrdl

K$Favqqrou EooD MeoIFFpwon AveFo! (EKMA), s€ suvripqat Fe ro [Voe

r(dr ro r€o1po9LK6 nldros o-.t o-lpardooarpo KaL olTrv xar6lePl Fo6sgarpdo7.6l(l'npoD roD n}'o\-riq. :ro B6pelo rlpEgdipro rp6!d rlopdllp€irql 6fl or

F€ralilep€g rrFdq lou ,rl&oug rou ar6 Boppri npog ro N6ro ovdpou

oufgaivouv Go F€7dna 7€c)rpogrKii n),iin. EdLK6t€pd do :Iirro uuto

Slorpivor(r 5uo rEproleg, o-flq onoieg to rl.drog ttq xi'rovorlq 7iv€ror FEyrdo.H Fo fteprcIi €ivdr n ApKlrKri Jl6q Kar ovdiepr orpordogorpa xor n dllr, rl

roidrepn p€o6deorpd xovrd sflE 600 B TsoypdgrK6 tr)'&og. felrrd otFdvflx6q

rrEg lou ,rldtoD6 ndpaqpofwcr o-.nv avlir€pn orpar6dqorpa xor Fdcn

F€66oporpd !c)v F€oov TEolpagtx0iv nld!6v. Aliq€r vd qB€too€i 6!1 6€

ol6xr,lpl !n arpar6ogarpo ro)v Fr(polv T€olpoprx6v r).ai6v I rD|ldvo4

Elqavi{Er nol6 }rxpd n}drl. tto N6rro nlrldeaipro ldps ndpnnpeird! ano

ro i6rc:lirro, 6fl I EKMA raipv€L flg pETa},0tepec rqr6E iou rl,A.oDE qE aqv

avdtepn dtpdr6o$drpa lsrv p€6ov ?€olpdeu.ctv nLffctv. I.€uKri o€ 6ld raT€otpdglrd nLdln 0tt6 rnv Kol&€pyt trilpr lnv F€6I arpE16oqdrpd

eFqaviqovrar Frxpi( rrFi( rou nldtouq qC rnlovqq.

H si7Kpron rrtq Karavoprig lou ftldtolg rtg EKMA Ga 6',.0 tFroqdiFaqavepdver rlv douFl€rpia dDrdv xor oe rlpoe ]nv oCorl, d],]d Kdr o)g npog ro

rlieoe rov f€lio-rov trte xntovonE duni(. Ta olprlepddpom, rou dvsgdpe'lxav

napq rdvo, oe 6!r sgopd ltv xarovoFri rou rl6roue qq EKMA. dl)pgovonv

f€prKd lr€ €x€ivd roD rapoo6id6dv or Nastrom r.o. ro 1975 |re 6eSoll€va

:rd€Fiv q6 r€prolri( 900 Auflxd tou Bopciou vlrrdeqrpiou.

tto tXiFo (5.2.2) rripo 6€iIvEroL o rp6vog, o-.ov onoio ouFpdiv€r o

Fftrdoc Nrifloq dvqrog dt otpdt6dqdlpd Kdr 6ilv xardrEpn lr€66d'porpd rrr)v

6no qF6qarpiov. :ro B6pero nFrogaipo ropornp€ila! 6!r o N6rr% rivEpoE

eivar FET6ro! itv apti roD roloKarpro'l arn !€6n '(al ovtu8n apxflKri

dpar6dqorpo. To iSro ollooiver ror ortv rold€prl ped6oqalpo lov rqdlov'reo,pogrxriv rldr6v. :rrlv ur6lotrn o.rpor6ogdrpd KaL rlv xdr6repTr

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Eri||ta (51.1) XataloFri rou r)drolg (n'/r€.) rt|g €jioG{ Kt,rutstg (oi, tEcou|l.jonrpprvou avdlou c ro i'vo( Nor to Tf.o]pqpr\-o rtiroc

' 3 9 l o n,6;-s;E6-;ffi

BCPETO r+,itoArPro NorD 'fo4lqaf,lo

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E {po (5.!.2) Kad\bPi ttlg giorlE (l-15 lqv, N6ttoa ttErog} !!ti s!'idr4aaarsvortg to! rrlcou gr:orpFPrlon c!t:Fo! |ll. to nvo; Ndt .o

pc6o9c9c o lGlrorog N6rtog dvqrog oDF9aivet €trerta dn6 6 Fiv€S, tlE

oo!€rleta vc eivor c6 cwi0€6n piiorc F€ to p€oqFpplvo av€,lo ir|! Aprnrtig

(6vng'tro Nono rltrtogdlplo t6pd eotr€tor, 6!r o 116110'10{ N6rroc 6v€Fo(

duppdava rad fl€ apXk too rolorulpron, 6|to€ |C(r oto E6pe@ nA6patprc.napdtqp€trar tdXgg, &r (r.rtv xedt6pt tdqfl€prvi F€a6dqorp(l o N6rrcg

&vepoq KdoDcn€pet, og |rpoq td Fdod 16oypoprK& irldtq Kdrd 6 !rive6, oft6reppto|(erdr o€ aertoedq gdolg llE qv K{rpdlvn 6e aurd.

71

Hul€rridrs K6uuvan rou M€dnuBotvo6 Aviuop

5.3.1 Karavopt j roD 1t) , . i1ot)s , ia t 119 edol t r tE Ht l tEt i6 taq

KLtavo4 roL yt ioot ' MLoI l tFpt ,or i At ipoD ot t orpar6opatpa. Eal

orY Eat t t t tp l l tqo60gatpa oE out t ip t |o , l t tc 10 iVoq Eat to

tEatpa9t t d 7t7r i lo C.

:rc:risa (5.3.1) 6eilvftor rl xoravofri roD '!id!ous lrtq Hplerriolaq

Ki}Ev6nq loD p€6oD MeonpppLvon Av6FoD (HKMA) cl dpdt6ogarpo Kdl

arrtv Kdr0Jr€pTt peo6qqarpo r0rv 560 rlpld9drpiov tr]( nq. Avog6powal orn

oDverelura oupn€pdoportr |]116 ro trri$o 0!16

:ro B6p€Lo nprogoiprc n HKMA €ivdr ato0ltri oe rpelq ?r€pro16g. H pio

rcP dFpdvet ttv olpar6rlouorl lov pe?dlov r€o7po9rR6v rlai6v KoL

eKt€iveroL B6p€ra rpog rnv Kar0lreprl ApKtxii atpot6oqarpd, 6noD Tt HKMA

6I€r flll€q rLftouc 3-4 m/sec, H 6enr€prt €ivor n xoldrepn Apl(rrrri }l€d66qarpo,6ao! tt HKMA 6I€r lrp€E rtl,aroDe 4-5 m^ec Kdr I lpirt sivdL I xar6t€p!

F€o6oQd'pd r!)v Jr6oov kar Frl<polv l€orlpoqrKoiv n),orolv, 6nou rt HKMA 4€ri1F6( rl,d.oDq 3'1 m/sec.

tto N6.Lo Itlogaiprc roipa, or qFolrLr(€E (LF6( roD r!)dro!g trtg HKMA

€leoviqovldr otn orpar6oeorpa Kar 6tnv rar(irepn pedodqdrpd tov p€ydl,ovT€dlpdg (:v nl,a16v. 01 ltela},ft8p€E trp€E roD nldloug rrlE KiFovcng

rdpdtnponEar oF 6no ftproX6g. H pra rcpLolJi ci!dL rt d\drrEpn orparddedrps

rov peld].ov For.rpdq,x0iv nl.srdv, 6nou ro n).d1o6 q6 x$pov6nq 6I€r lrFri 6

m/sec(ot n dLl,I €ivdr I xordrepl Fs666qa1po rov Fidov TEoTpoqik6v n).dr!tv

|re nu'i n?.dro',q rd;., 6 m^ec. Ytrdpxcr EvSrqr, ofl ndvu) ar6 rnv ffpal6nou6n

lov Feldlov xor prkpdv 7€oTpaerK6v nl,or6v r ouvro-.ooo oDrri tivEro! dK6Fn

:€ 6tt dgopd rov tp6vo, o-.ov oiloio ek6t).0iv€io1 ?la Ep6rI popd o"lo

aloe o !€Troro( dveFo(, 6eiXvetol do tripd (5.j.2) rt qdort rlq HKMA dE

ol€on Ie 10 f\roe xdr ro tEoTpdqlK6 rlldroq. Ta olprlepdoparo, noD e€dyowor

an6 io tliFo du6, €ivar ra a(6l,oDeo:

:to B6pero rFrdgdipro oL N6flor dv€tor ]ivolror tiyro{or yta r!p0i lpop't !€os o.ro 610€ cnv xoio5repn ApKru.ri p€66dqdrpd rov O€ppotldpro, ev6

orrlv Kor0ir€pn p€d669orpo r0rv p€aov ,re0)-rpdqrx0iv nl.dt{nv lov Mdio. T67Lo€

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xril|n (5.1.4 K(rAot l fltc l|lirrtq (t,l5 1,,!.. Ntirn!i\1:l(,q) fll{ rlrnxrjd14Knpv6'lq eu luldoD rri:6r rlprrrl 'hri(n, tri: () rnr,'.: rrr ri 73lBly|d,prK(i tr)'rir.,:

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:!o N6!ro nptdqaiprc orN6rror rivEFor.fivowor F6lro-.ol'fld r!p01q qopd

lr€oa a.o 6!0g 6rn F€6n o"rpar6oqorpa rov lovoudpro, €voi drnv xft6lepit

[€o569a.pa 6up9oivo0v tov Mdio.

f6ur<d sn6 to:fiFo ovt6 rpoK'5nier, 6r! o F€cnlpprv56 dv€pq 4€r qv

i6l(r n€pitloD gdon l(or otd 6io nFoQoipld. To oDFr€pdoFdrd, noD

Surut!6enKov flo ndvo ltu fllv oDpnepqopd dtf HKMA o.ln dpai6ogarpo

Kor xar(i(epn !€a669orpo eivor o\lFgovd FE eKeiva rou rord,nq,av or Nastrorn

rc.o. to 1975, or onoior €E6radavlrlv i6ld rlsplolri yla rrq 900 urrx& roD Bopeioo

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Ktpaecqg no l t6o! MtoUttqptvot Art t too

ol, l t ' xar. i l tp i t t l ts6opatpa oe oDvt ipt , l64

lE@lpaQtxd 1 , ta|oc.

T€rodunvn Kiuqvat rou Mequ0!rvoi, Aviuou

9tio4c zIq T EIp tittrt v I q

or4 orpaTooParta Ear

lE to ot l toc x6r ro

OftoE ovop6pertre oe npontoipeln ttopdTpdeo, rl nrldpBn qq

Torpdlrnqc Knpovorlg 6^ln p66n Etridrd ZovlKi oeppoKpootd, aro p6qo

Etioro ZovrK6 Avelro Kar o-.o ptoo ErtloLo M€dupprv6 Avato 6rdrljnoi€lKe

ttd np6q eopd drt6 roDE Nasrrom r.c. ro 1975. Aeixerlx€, 6!t n ouvl6r66a

aDrti rov oitrooearpff6v ndpdp€rpov, noo avop6p0tKav rlro ?tdvo undpt€r dtrl

drpdr6ogatpa rou Bop€iou npl6qarpioD xd! ouTK€Kpr)rdvo o"ro Fso

[€6n,rppw6 6v€to povo ltd qv n€pLoXri oiJlKeKplFeva o-.o F€oo F€6rUPprv66v€Ao povo Ia rnv r€prolti 90 Alrrrd rou Bopeiou tFro$qrpiou.

:io t1iFd (5.4.1 ) 'lapouolli(erar I xarovorri roD rldrcuq trr( TKMA

oq arpo!669aLps xar olrlv koi6!€pn p66oqa1po qe dDv&pttorl |re ro i\yoq

xar 10 r€o1paqrx6 trl.dloe. Ta ouF r€p6o}tarq, rou 6Dvrilo!.lar on6 !o :ziFa

dur6 eivdr tq eBriq:

:ro B6p€ro nptdgoipro 'lapdrnpeirar, 6fl urdploDv 6io nEpro16(, ,!ou

€Ipdvi(oov 6IFaw'Kd n),dq lrE TKMA. H Fio civar I EEpLoIli ovdFEod arrl

F€ot arpo!6oparpo xar orTlv Kfiojr€pn l€66oparpa rov ApKlrx6v

l€o7poprK.lv 'tlor6v Kor I cr)'lt on6 qv o"lpat6rau6rl F€Ipr tnv xa!';r!€pt

o_rpatoo9dlpo rov rponlKov.

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ll,'nra (5..1.1) Kdrrvo|r] rou rrGous (n'/s4) !'ls !:rpiilutvrts Krirrdfo,E (n)frisoD I'rorupp'von {!!:to! Fr to ri'fo( *drto1!,rp(prr6 r).rh({(

9d oo 7i' eb' dr' 1d it i d o' {t rc' io' d 5o' 60' io' Bir 10'BOPETO li4rtoxFro rrorrc HMDdArFro

tltit'o (5.a.t) Kdflvot'rjttt! {',rort,: (1.151trv.. Niflq dvEFE, !t! rErniarlvrr((tlteulq tou tiloon lllorl|ll,t$u cvauou p. tn t{,.( t.r t'

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ol)rnq ndvor xar K&o 0,!6 qv ApKruii o..pft6ndlol Fe prl 5-6 m/sec Kdr dva

6ElrEpctov rr€]l6to lito nro Edvo dn6 tn dtporotlauorl tov Fid{Dv

poTpdgrx6v 'rlar(iv $€ rrFi 3 m/scc.

:!o N6tro lFrogdipro ,lopatrtpei@t 6va xrlPro F€lFro tou fildtoDq qg

TKMA o.qv av6t€pn 6rpa!6o9otpd tov !€ldAov 1€or1poqr(6v t!Io!6v F€ trPli

8 n/scc. E i6rlE. ndpdrrlpeiidr 6va 6€utEperiov pdlrdro otnv xord[€Prl

leo6aedrpd tov l-Eoov tEorlpoqflfliv n]dt6v p€ uFi 6 m/sec ti€piltou.

napffirlporlwar lo.r!6v oouBp€rpieg rrtq KarovoFig tou nlatol)c fll€

TKMA 6!s Srio qFrogcipro lu,t€rprlr€va ro N6 o nlrlogoiplo 61€t

l6lup6r€pn lerpdFtvt 6Dvt6!0tsE sn' ofl to B6pelo Eriong, ao1lFp€tpls

?lapattpeitor l(ar 6!ov Idttr€p1v6, 6ftou n (ttvn tov €lalidcrv nlal(6v olo

Norro nJlaqdipro eKt€ivelar atrlv Kdt{,jt€pn lrEdooootpd Kot p66n

drpor6oqqrpa ll61pr ra tpontd xat 6tlv xar6t€prt atpdt6dgorpa oC !t( 600

v6rlo ]€olpdqrxo nl&og, sMi 6to B6pEro l$oqaipro xa)'itl'8r 6l'rl ril

:€ 6!r agopd lrl gdon qE TKMA (:1. 5.4.2), avdg6petdr 6tt o"ro B6P€to

nproqaipro or N6llor dvePot eFgovi(ovtoL ?la?ipodlgopd 6to eloq aro apftrxo

Fdyrora rov lavoDdpro, €v6 ro 6€urEperiov lr67tdto ko0uot€pei Kdrd 6no piv€g

6€ ala6n lr€ ra xnplo pET rato.

lto N6tro tFrdedipro dvoedp€ror, 6tr aro xtlPro pi]laro tq( KfFdvdnq

or N6rroL dvEFoL eleaviqowar llo npd)q gopd olo ilo€ lov MdpTlo, ev6 6!0

5€ulepE$ov piyLalo rov lovoudpro.

T610< n oi, Kpron tnq gddrlq tlq TKMA Kdr dlq EKMA porloa i6oq

rlnv xatov6nort qe ortide, noo tlpoxal5i tlv Kl)Fov6'n aulri. nopotnpeilor

6nla6i,6u n qadn qq TKMA axol.oDe€i !n ea6-I qq EKMA F€ 6ld9opd 2

pdvec. O v6[oE ou!6g 6Ioq lo"Irisr oe dva xaoapd rffpotouK6 t 0.]']6. npd1Farl

d.d p€ll'.d lsorTpdqrKd rlldq 5ra^urojonx€. 6fl o 8llioroE x$Klog ioD ov6}on

€'.€i iIEr tI en6rl t€fpa-rouroi raTLFoi.

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{ara /rtKo; rou uc!6nou aMon Eivar Naospoq KaL Frpuidrc vEqoox€rni(

6.1 rYwxt ,rsrom

ttLrp6 gEroyno ovopi46ar I (6W, 6nou \rupo{ hp6q xar Euoroorte dtpd!

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dtpos Fu€qgtar x&o @lo Io o€plro qipo ooo\rag rcv, npog 10 Elnvo. KaA6q o ufp6E

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nayoxpudflilr.oxe (ro! drlFoxgf6war cqv ropugri ,!ov cumulonimbut 6€

cirrostntus riat cirrus vEert. Ta v6erl aurd efgavi(o\.ro1 oo\alooe :!ohi nprv qv €lEljsrl

"ou lrErd'loD. Orov ?o uez0}no 9pior€ror ,!ivo 0JI6 fva rorro npor<cki rqup4

Bpo7,oltr6o€€. niso Elo ro p6rc)ro, dxololjoei \,rqp6( qEpa{. t! alo yp1hopo

ft\,otu€vo w1p6 ,rdaozo, rr xi,iot qg $rozuri< sftlqd"/aq (5llo6i o Xo/oq qc

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nvon$Evo VW)o tErono (z€piror ue rc rilldo rnE rdxurFo{ ro! rrpd}toD) I ficI

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'(ar ppom.

npooavo,q m I SEAopd 0cptoKpaoio" roJ /Eruruou uupoilcl to Fhu;Io

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@Edv€tc! ro !s!o'zo wroxoeror liol Enqvo8ljroopl€i tva 6XUpo lr€r(Dnoi6 oiatlfd

( f r o n t o s e n e s i s ) .

E(rv ro \ ryp6 l€roro 6€v eh"ol runKttE uopqlq (o,!oq ftepqpdqlllKe

rpollo!$avoq) ro xorpnd 1.l/opioltoto qlr.dqollv. rta ,Iapd6$/10t, sdv o ov€px6pEvo6

0rpp6E a€pq4 €avar hpoq xot €uata€riq d.nue!(owor &aor.opt glravo vi91 xar 6ev

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5.2 Osp,r6 p6'to)ao

Ospuo pto,lo ovoFdqezd rl (d'v'l, onoD o 0epF6E dpai ar, rKoorotd to!

rlrulpo drpa. :uvrlooq I pEst rcnqto ro! oepFoi pet6lou eivct lrlpiro! ro irldo

ex€ivtg lou vu,(pon. Try tF€pa, to oEpuo lrsr0rlo nvsitor zLo lpri?opq, 7'oYo rnq

o\,agflh€ xar orq 6o0 ?rl€upir roo. Ta o€ppd FErartro ou\alooJq xlvonwal !1' irl llopQn,rpillopov 'ntblp6nov- Trl !+l!q 6lrll)9 I WgI FE rxrlvopo)"io qfloup^l€i W,p6 kar

rr1)l(v6 E nesv€ldx6 u€po aioo on6 rc peto,Io. :ro ospuo p€t0)?Io, o e€pp6t.pof Kar

l.rl61Epo ruKv6E q!po4 ulreooivsl fli,o an6 tov Wlpolepo xa1 lt1mEpo EU|.16

cnqa!€Ex6 aEpr To qorvoFwo cur6 ovopoqsrdl ovemrning {ar 6nFowl€i orrw€ad

rar opoxrl xprv qv 6l€uot ro! Fer6Tioo El d'iqn tox oEptlot !8t(imoo €ivar ffPirou

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oqr6sQdrpd. ttp€unvdor 6n rl o.plrlrq svoa.poeri ?qelar xal Fe'IonrKri

av aor p o eri. Eriqc allodlltEioro eivat 6a o dv€[oE o..pip€l 64rcmpoaa ]t€ 10

ivoq oTote o vofloovarol'ui6q dvepoE ofltv .'dpcv8lo 'liv€tor vono8r)nxoE ral

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r.pholJ Ka€dE alqoriter o cinus ivowor no nolut Ka! louil).otepo

p'€1a6'lrl$146p€vo oe altocumulus rur altostratus. Ilprv 'rholi6o!!€ 500 Lrn dr.o tl!

73

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GDwsqa notaivoov r(dl ro pap6FElpo ,.eq.rn. >ra 300 hn o t],l)rros mrewslax6;

atpoi Uftpdqelar rar ro ,advr TivE at fov6v€po r(or xd,,iz1$ Fsfol]jrspl ar.^io6rl.

B€poio(, ro rropa,nivo ,Iqporqpoi\"a1 o€ €vo !ur\--6 e€pp6 p€ro'tio. :{ g€pxaa

n€pun6sEq o Kam6q g:rop€i va o.l-?.dqfl r€1rillrq o. otadrl I€ mxov. froU i€prtpriqntrc

,rportloutr€voq. flo napdd€ryFq gv o sv€fl6psvoe (ov€nunrjng) e€pF6f o€pog eivar

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o eEppoq aipq{ €ivEr vlp6q Kar as.r[orlg (rr l(o},oKoipt 'ropo?ttpofiaar la"ppef

Ppoto,!I6o€q.

6.3 Med)r! (s6 oqia8rq

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g e 1 o , ! r K i { 9 € o t r i o r i l d n e e a t .

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r !€pirrorol t lo l l r€0eppon rnnou perof ixr ln9eot r l0€ ppri { e eol.

trdtu 6nulo1joYio( omunc io8onc:

I IAPAPTHMA I

Iupnl"l prrl pcrir6g Eprr:rfloeiq tov Kego?'aio)v

tou 2ou Terlloug

a0

Eponiceq:

l. nou n otedrl psroh, rou 6sulepoo v6FoD tou Nslr.o'}u xEr fltg &j'valrrlq

Conols,(0Eoprid.E xivtot oe o esp6 1€srlpdguc6 rtuiroE)

OEopoiFE Evo qrri,ra d€pq, ,ro! xlv€iror 6E dliol IE rrl n ano q &iol npog

qv avaro),rl !E ra/. qft u (I qolr-rl audl taX'j'iFo €ivor 0srlri).

fu xdnoro ?topaqfiai iqo q,to flt lrt ro rlr a rur6 roo o€pa (l!€iftr oc

t$'d.rhi rpond Ic raprrFa bR{-u, o,ro! R{ I o,rona6rl rou rurlFaroq ouron aro

rov 6lova ,r€p6rpopiE qg n9 Or6rE rl aliiorcrlfi enld)pvol (,ipoq rc x6'rpo toD

njr)o!) eo €ivari (oR^+u)1Rr= o:RA+2ou+u':lR^. :ifqoru 6lrof rE ro 6aj.,€po

v6Uo rou N€lrovq ro duwo|rgnxo depoqro rov ,rpqlrdt dv 6!!,tiF€ov (dvd

Uovd6a pqd{) :F, rou 6pouv ndvo rro rlitpa d!r6 ro! qlpa npnt€l !r Eivor

ra!r66!po j.le m FsrE0o6 xar q 6lai0uvol rrlE Ev Lqo r/Ittlipvol€.

fu ndpd6€tlllcr rlirvo ofllv 'I€pr6.pE96lrEvrl m ro qriFo aut6 1ou dlpo

Qaiv8ror vd rapaFla(fl to 6Eu€po v6lo roo NEuiovq aeoi I eolvoFznrrl

s,nrdluvdrl 1oo eivor I6vo u1R^(rpo( rc Kewpo ?o! rDr)'ou).

flq va tDtooutouF€ trlv rlapoFiaq autrl 0a npdrE va no(i.roup€ n{ ea$o|lsv€q

6ovdg€l{ 0)\ xar 2ou (a\d !ov66q }d(o{ vd xa!$Aivo}rcr npoq ro a4o oir6 rov

xuxt.o). H 6surEpl 66trtril 6i!El I Coriolis. H &ivsn audl ftr8Deu!€ft1 npog io

6qo 1lo 6!fl(rl pori (u>0) w6 ,rpo6 ro !r6od Tltr EvarohKi poi (u<0).

2. ou I o)€' dl F rah, rlS 6taqflotg q! orpoqopFie xar tq( 6ivcpnq

Conols (0EopidrE riqol oE 6.rq€Epo ye(l}rpaglKo triroE)

Io-'o Fova6Eia Fi4a dpa Kvonpsv'l o€ svo rr€6ruppu6 qq nE rE

ur.ouoid npaylqnKd)v dDvdgeciv. EI€di 0a rp€na I c.poeoppi rta 6lalnp€har 0a

$l.tu-'1*^=o ';'$(oR2a

+ uRA)=o=,2oRai1* na $' uria =o

Av u=0 (to\,1Ko( ih!!oFFt6av), rotE dl/dr--2o RA

3. lvo o€po,Aavo Kwsizor 6onxd Kmd lulKoE ro! lolF€pwo Fe ra,o'qra V.

Nd Drro)o7ldoEl n Isto0oM roo qEwof;vo! pdpouq Ev6E EnPAq, nou nrpldr{ia

To pdpoe .oo Er0riTrl (pdqdE m) roo o€porLivoo np audq dp,(iofl ya

BnngG'-{)rR), 6,rou g Tl €v€gn Ennipvol 0opvrFag, g+ rl q),rlfiiq e,ntdtDvol

papi'nFdg, o I rovuni fl,cvrqm ,t€flatpoqrlE irlg ng rar R I altrivo rqs 7rie.

O.ov o €in$dqc qptioer va xwekor !6!€ ro earv6usvo pdpoq rou Tivsrar

"'=*[r.-r'*=uf], o'io! v r ,nniq.a ro! d€po'i,vivo!. ro np6ongo G)

€mavi(etal lrtrpootli d.o V, Er€6ri ro aepo,rtui"vo rlv€ilal oe awioaq xmeueDvorl

azo Irlv,!€plorpoqi rrlq mi E?ol rl Qav6FElrl Ferapo\ ro! pdpooE rorJ .,npdq 0a

I v 3 lEivor 5B-B'- B = m 2oV--- l

\ ^ ,

Avn<deEr6wdg rc m 0,.6 qv ,rpd'q 4idoon ed ,rponi\ra: 5B=B/g (2oV-V'!/R)

4. Mr! olpla t!4o l.1vetar aivo oE |rla roopdpui €irq&eu p! qv arrcl)oio

,tpqFatD(6v 6uldF&)v. N! n€prypri't erE rqv riqoi trt6Tlo xiirloro Fup6 6uiorlp

oe nryaio 1. ,rldroq I xol o.il oov€I€ra, oruv m)tli ppiot(Eror Kovai orov ,!olo.

Toto 6n ! Ioxlrlrlro lIE agpur F4q4 eivBr V. Toft |Ciostq oe aufllv ea

adrEitot I a6pavaoqi &jvan Coriolis 611. 2oV Ig9. l{pa I a€pra aulrl Fd(a ea

€rfl€i ol'laLl n o.e-t xiv'lq clctn/dg R lla qv o,!ola:

v 2 - - - ^ - 2 r RT-

=2oruo. En€r;yt ot 0,q o-2lT ea eivor T= -V- = - O€opdwBq 6fl or-

zr4p€pq q drl'taia 6ivE1 T=l $dpoztpeOrEv I olpu pdqd 9p€€ei orov,roLo rorE T=12 hr, &d) orav pp60€i oe e=30'.6!€

T=24 h

5. t€ plo qn6dro('l 50 km ano ro rir?po !l1a6 l(a1aryi6a6 oag 20N Tl

op(6vnd paeFi,5o ,!i€qe EiWl 0.5 hP/in. No lJnol,ofo€I€ qv xuinta to!

Focrpogorori 1(or 9oeuoro$ av6poo.

H raxwlFa rcu ]|eocrpopl\on qv4ou divcror on6 q o"rro.i

1& 50 ld kgn-ls-2=80?ms l

l25kgn-3r(?29xt0-5)s- lr tpzool00 l0lm

0€op6\'raE ofl rl potl rou d€po llJpor aro ro r€v'lpo fltg r(oruVi6a; 6tE1

'cirhKl rpo)0i! rorc o paoForq dllruoq upord,rl€r qno qv rooppotrio ruv

dovdtrEov flls r(l)rtuDvuclq po{q 6rt}'.

v2-+fV=Pn,o '6f f

Y=tl2ll x(Rz12 +4PhR') =l/zl-2n9+(6.21+8000)= -r.25144.75]=43i ri a6 ms.t

Altl1iuelmd)\,ra{ rq pqeg o!.aq 6qv offxn €lidootl €na}4efliEtar on Ipqal,n €prl pi(a Bt''l6-tory.€i oqv (av6F0\) r(ardalaol rqc Eyrl\-uxla)!1l(rlq poiq.

H |1$p6rEpl p(d ovno-ror,(ei oq oodrrl tuidrl.

6. I€ xdnorc qgeio I op46t.nE pB0pi6d fltg arfodAa$lxi( rirotq a(o erijt!8o

r4e odtoosdc Eilul 0.05 hPa,&m. No urol!./iosi€ qv xlisl r4C |oooapq(

enqdwug iov 1000 hPa oro Ev XoIo ol!€io (not.dqrd ro|J q6po: L25 kgr/rn3)

- ldP I 500PaP " = - - = . x - = 4 ! t 0 m s :_ p on r.25k!rm-, Io/m

f d P A z & 0 Z . . - . , u 2Ol|roq: Pn .p

An E h An Eo h 4xl0 r

an =4 08x l0_ rl40.8n/]00 kh

7. :Eo"ro 6d o'ro apdEo XtnopErpo rdvor on6 m X€xavozEarc A.flnlS, o iivEFos

o^mturi(€r s€ r'a looBupEiq Tovia a. No l}Iolsfofte ro rrovo, ?.ou q,rorr€hu! d,or€

vc ddr.oeEi rl op{"o!!1a rortqrs '(ord ,tap1io\ao e.

Ardvildl:

fu qv aqroogaprrl duq r€Os/n rcp€( * = -gv.+v=voe-, snou r=

Ipwo!, Vo= raltirnro iou uv€tro!, 61uv F0 r(Bl lF&ivalrl rplffy'ralur4lo. H

ftl'iqrc ed' r.)"o"rogEi (or{i ,@giovrs €, orov Fl/o

E. Kord q 6dpKad' ioD Xs$brr" rdvo) et6 qv Atroq I po'0lri6o iI6 l6qg(ouxtg eEpgoxpaoiqg oqv rpor6oporpo rivol EphoD l'C avd 9dolro roo'f€orypqprxo! 'rdroDq €vo I lI€sI q'|xri ouvlordroo rou Fo6Dvqruoo av4oD oro

d6agoe .ivdr ,!.phoD |r1f6v- YnolodoE m trE6o (ow(6 d.v€!o o.ro livoe t0)v 25

hPa (t\yo€ a€pol4dppo!)

Av Vg Ei\&r I opq6lau su!$rd)oo lox t€(lrarpoquoi auigoD, rd.€ I ll€alro! flNi [Vg] TDpo ar6 &u hrk?.o Flllpo9lrof nrtuoDc 0o rcvo,ror€i q altor]r

lvsl=-gf= EeopF6(oEae r axsqn cuni ota ?sO hPa rdr l0oohP! Kar

-1.00d€cx ln4r---------i= =15.8 ms"

9. Bp€ic qv €Iilronl ral'j/qm E.r6i€uorl6 o'b|raroE 016 iI n t$ 6|ai0uvdA

qv aK.iva qq n0 6o!c !u !rope@' va 6'oq|4a a,!6 auirlv

t{ppovd !r ro v4o q€ noTx6ourq 6r.!E roD Nflhorr rt Ertld'ItJvot (o)

€l()6 o6parq oro r.Jio 9apidFaa Eiltl elt .oyl ro! Ul, anoD r I 0o!6otodl rou

d v lo6lrcroE ono ro riwpo 1"4q m$ 6I)., a(r)-;i= Kl. Oldv ro odlFo PpioKstar

ofllv onq,iv€la qs Trt( (FR) r6lE: (rFg=+,

o d ,atpapdwol xarii uch rponi'rttEr tvgh50-lvg}000= -i;

tlzl250 -tzl000ln

rver''=-i9r"#=-287Jdcg-lkg-l

lo-4 s l

Ev6 otav au!6 tltarar o{rFry. E lclirl o$ri Vdr/dt 8a Eivar

dV dV dr dva=T =

d. dr -;;v 016r€'1 6u9opr'.rt E€isoot Tr4 qv taxyqta lou odrtrllloE

sK-

Auxopi(owaq ng IEtaBlrtrie ftr o).nxt\rlp6vowq{ npori'{'ar Vdv-lR'zdrf.e

v2 gR2- ; = -+c. :qv orlqtv€la otl!4 q{ mg r--R ror v=vo, o,rolE I rffumaia

t ^ 2 r . R 2 f . z o t 2/vE!ar: i=?+c-c=j-d..ozme

vz = a =Voz -2sR

nptnet rt 6nl4ou!€ V. 1600 Fstdr.o, 60I€ rc s6Fd 1,u IIv Enorpiva oq m,

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xar V'?+ O. H fljfit oufll tou Vo trs]erar ralnrlro 6raeD.f lie . Eiv 6110)<

€,nEBootr€ puporEprl rqri rol) Vo roft V=0 ?lo xq€op6lrEvo r

4prrqdt: Edv rt €rr6€€Dsrl iver 0116 DVog H arr6 qv €rdqliv&d qe Tng nod ea

ciltl I rdniqtd 6lqqulilc;

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aa6 !4v adgtv€u rrtg 1116 ro l6pl! rou u6pot6voD 0a otortorow rqv tcptqtc

auqvtrl;

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Eror rl evEflacq nou ononEiftl avd Foyjfa lla vo 6laqula m F6p1o roD

" n 2o6psr6vou qrlo 10 nvo; h 0a €i!fl ft. E66dvowo1 fltv €t€flaa m'frtv Fe qv

xrwnri $rpy.,o tou ropiou a=j'v'?=lxrl oa civm.- -z

tr = ff - n =e.l:x t oE m (ri liro rrpl('dsrspo rgld Fla qr.iva q-( rri).

11 EAv orc ivos rov 500lm I oeppoxposio rt€ o4SoAalpo{ 3iva1 2000 K

ro1o Kl]ioFd Fopiov u6po16vo! eo eile rou).ril.talov ritv roturtro 5wp!Til;;

no)"\iE dLofltnq urpio! oc roopponio 4&pliuat or F6!o aro q prcr

Fopur(I] EvipyEl!, q]f,n E iolq aro r4v (orovolrrl ro)v sv€gr€/oa tro Ktuiopd rov

popiov oE xde€ qr/xo(prpsvl €-!€flela) Kat qv xatavop'l rov owrotoilov

rorJrilrov. H l(oravop,t r{q rorrq 6 aoD popiou o.cov d4ovo x lnop€i vo

'IopuoloeEi 6rtv Kovol,lronoqFsvrt uopei

l d n(l) O(vx)=- - pe I O(V.dv. =1, onou n o apr0l16(, rov tropurv orl

povd6a mlJ 61Ko!. EivBr,rpoqav;r on aqv rcradraq ing boppodas rl KotovoFri

rov raxurFov 0a Eivdl dv€qdsnrq r'ts 6lEo0rrvote, oror€ o(vx)=((vy)=o(vz) nd

Vx=V)-va Edqg I o €a up;ra vo eivor dpno o1)vdpqol oaon o(vx)=ocvx)

€rg1 61a ra p6pta pE rdlDTltro dvAFeoa g.lo Vx Kor vr+nr er fp1)v qv i6|a

r(omvoFri 6nt 61€!9uvdl y. Atio q o"l€o! (l) ,tpoxn$€r ofl o ap$!6q 1ov popiov

!r ral|r'rlr€i cvdlroo orc Vr tar Vx{d\ xcr cvdF€oo, oaa Vy r Vy+dy eo

lr(ovo,rorofv ttv d2n = nO(Vx)O(Vy)dvxdvy

(2) Awgopi(owo6,rp6ru oq,!pos Vx xor s,!€no orq ,IpoE Vy, rporoTlt€r

I o '(vx) | o ' (Vy);;;* ;;;li

- -I. o,ro! I-orueEpo ME o).ox).ipodn zpoh'rnrcr ofl

o(vx) Aexpl'n/2)viJ xo, ocvy)- AexptGU2ivi l.o,tou A-o(0, xat 1-n',4(r)

MEowuo!&orq6rrnroh j',.,€,u".1u-;(;-.J"tor[-sqr.r],i*.."

'..2 )- ':*

l. H dlrlraio o'.rs rpcq 6rcdddcq yivelar

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E€p$liL?.ovr6q mu (N6ps NEur6vaaq YthO. tqv n€pi,Eoon rou Eporipatog o

.lTvoFo< Euro; urayopcucl ofl

;:--K(T-30) (K>0) Mc Eururpro,ro rov FnaF).Irov

rponj"rla: T(rFce-^ - 30. ErrLir oFoq T(i)=70 rl tt)€vloiaT iv€:rar

T(3)=70 d3( + 30 =' erx= 4/7 - In ert=ln (4/?) =. -iK=ln (4/7) -K= 0.1865.

0,16€ €lnd rl 0€9lrol(pa6ia ro! ,!l)pau)'o! 0o sivor

T(t)=?o e{rst'+30. rrs vo Tiva 6l]oE T=31 0o:rptner e{ 465r =l/70> t=

ln70/0. I 865=22.78 rnin

L noLo I qDoucri €pFlv€id rou anor€li6pd.og;

p Av I o€pForpdoid roo zrrpa lo! r6qr€t orooq 60'C IE p6vo topapoqe 5 min,

no6o 0o ,riv€r ro r!panri"',o onoi6]xoFa;

A6'ivqal: 25 min.

21. Nol}'rolodc€re 6€ rolo tlloq tt otaraorl qE arp66qapoE siv$ l0% (} Kol

90% N,, wd aro 66deog (10c10 hP4 300 K) €ivor 20% O, Kdr 80% N,

Ed! 6sv unlptr .o 1!€6io Papnqft; rI5 7llE, to'e Po-=RT, onox

o":tpa|tpoFoAm(o{ 6t o{ kor R=KNo (K=oroo€pd Boltziiain) ror No= dp10t6:

Avogadro). Av M=poprtrxrl gi(q, 16!€ o €61Koq q(os eivor q=u-/N{ xor €Io1 il

Karaararrq 4iooo! Tiverar Pa={R,&0T=RMT (Rwsdmi caospii tr€piov)- An6

] E P A Pqv !5po6'rorl$i c"6rr6l oyog -l - e** caclin d,l'=gdz "iv.Ior

'do = p

; P P:uvDrdq .- = - ^ ; :riv nrpinroo"), rou I clu669apa civar Lo60[pBI. rmc rl

K M T

tFtr&@ia F€ oloxlliF.orl fverc1 P=P(0)exp(-oiRnrT) { pn(0)cxp(-o/RMT) EaaS'l

6Fog I ru(v6rnro Eivor avdlql rou upcgol) rov gopiov dn FovAEa .oD s/KoD, rl

d€tatia 6l|tr n=(0)qp(rDlRNTF-r(0)up(moI(T). >D!€r,i!€ o l.los rov loplDv

o, npos N' Fopsi E sppcd, " *

= fr8..rifr.N

-'.,]-. -"'5'r

K r . l i " n N ( o ) l _ _ .alhN -rno, LrN no(u, J

22. M6h{ att \ar@6 ltlono nrp!'i€r 0116 tlw r6d, rl o€rFoxpd.id cltnl lo'C

r(or att cutsxad €XalnnrEtdr FE p00lr6 3'C aui dpa. O dEFoE e,Fl flrtqfl a0

kmiltr .!t6 to F6plto roFr!. x€ !610 6FDg, mD [ptoKsrar l00kn 0op36rspu, r]

ftptro'(pccla .lwL -2'C. Na uro?otlo8rs to p1l6t6 ll.lapoliE rrs 0alorpao{q rcD

a&q no! t 'v€hdr vtM nioo od ro !!rono. nou r puolKi orlrooi! rotj

dr ar.,dt . . dr - ioc -40rn -(r0+2)"c _,"o.,.d '

=a . " a "

O d!pd{ raod4 r1veiM vde 0lptrdiwa! dr!|61it I oeptioxpaoia rc! tomu 5.a

sXdlrdl€tar d6o ?prfiopd 600 ea rdEov&dv, ldv I p6vll 6Eprdoid, @ 6ptnjor,

litEv I op{6w@ FEagopd (!dv..rion).

triro I

23. nd@ drc E 9opE@ oi{opa qs nilpq{ !q{ (43'C) o rsrpoe$4 dvcrros

60 oristjo.@v 100 hPa qDon @6 wnodutrd (?orc) !r 15 D/s.q €vd aro

?; 1

+

ari!€6o tuv 500 hPa qlro Almxd-popao6lmrd (300"C) tl€ 30 nr^ec. Ynol,oreior€ lrt

lEootpoerxi pEst6ool qq eEtporpooiag Geostrophic temperaturc rdvection).

O Fiooq rilElrce oro 6rp6ld 100G500 hPa ea €ivat

- l l r - r Ivo =;[Vslroo*{vel;eeo], Ev6 o ra6oE €eprD(os rir/cFo( oio i6lo orp6Fo €q

eivar V1 =(9r)sop-(Vg)rooo

H alaaq avtploa dto 6rdryopa 6la!o6pa.a poivowm 6to 6"/li|la I, o.no! ot

roooepl% silcl 7tqpdai,Il€6 rre ro Vr Ir€ pprlliq 0epuoxpo6GE'OnoC qd{verdl on6 ro dlrilld o eep!ff66 dv€foe e1Et 64rd q( &ntoovortE

rou rq Dll,Il)\;C o8ploxpooi4. H €licoort roD o€ptrrci dlttrou 6iveror arc tn

qaot:

.-. R. 1000 : :=.vT=Irnl6t[o(vrr, ono! r I IEo'4 u€puoKpaou rou orpoFaloq aEpo

Anvolmg qv rrdporxiryo

6€plopc0Fi6af q(ollF€l

."*^=;!@=

4ido6rt ore

lvr'l = Avr

I O-4 s-l

287Jkg-l dc8-l xo694

,rpog qv a,to),u.rt npri rne op46vndr

(r),

=5olxlo-?m'2tt deg

500

Hleoorpoglci M€rd!6oorl q6 O€ppoxpadiaq (fMO) aivstal on6 ?o ,!rtl,il(o

- v" |, omu 1o s her qv i6ra dl€ieDvdl F€ to vo. And rc oltlFo I dLljl)6rc.

qcivacr on | = -lVtrsinr (Z), 6z0! r Eivar I yovi! FEraF ro! vr xdl Va.

aaoLeigowal rov opo lv-l coro ns o'rriocq { I ) xa, (2) axouu", { = -,lvt.in1 .

Elopiv@E I fMO=A(VeVrsirr). Aiiqfl va ol|l'eooei 6n q axqpaq p€oa aqv

udp€1e€oil Eivar loo6&oFrl p€ ro €Fpa66v rou ropq].l4l,oypdHro! ABCD 610

onfal- To i&o €lpq6ov Erppdlsrar xor p.E rrl olioq Vsvrc sino, 6,roD 0 q F)vio

FEldhi rov 6wlDopA10lv rov Vrm xcr Vm

fMO=AVm vro@ sino=s.01xI0-7m-'s r deg x 30ms'r x 15m5-\ sin?o"= 18.3 des day''

>i$a2.

LF{],ARo - - + +DOTNWAFol\'loTloN

VERTICAL VELOCITY (o)

24. To o.AFo 2 ,roprordvsr itv ko.ox6plJqil F€rcpo),rl qq ionrrFag oe Plc?I€pro,fi llpot6rlroorlq qE eon1Kie 66!,n(. H op4oyna oqd,t6n Flag q€p1a6 tA(aEontv zqprom aufil xor sE riqroE 1000-800 mb €ival i0'' s'' ror 1 lr€sn ava).ofia

Fittrotog rrle av€flopetqg durrlg gi{aq oe ubpdrporis €ivor t6 g^g.(a) Yro},ofidE

T1tv orr6Ktuoll no! ),afpd!€r Xd'po 610 i!,oE rov 200-t00 mb, (p) EKnpcio'!€ ro

,.ooo Ppol6nrur6lq, e€op6!1a4 6!t n c€pu paqd xord 'rlv 41,066 1116 q.r&ver os

xat(iorool xop€oFoi.

(o) Eivor Qavep6 6It o 6poq lao/6Pl EivoL duarorog o"!o iryoc r{ov 200-100

mb arr'6,o o.r0 i\roq rov 1000-800 mb. Ogow xor o puetoq an6xl.ldnq 610 $Vog

1a)v 200- I 00 mb 0o mipver 6u ji6ro turi aro dt out,li,r6ttE iov | 000-800nb nor iol

F€ 2xl0 J i r-

(0) ll Kara'(6pqrt roluqlo d'ro vo6 rolv 800 mb €rmt1litdl a,.6 rt or6q:

.soe = -ffi{w)aP n rr00o =(vv)(l000mb-800mb)+o)t000 =

=1-to 5" l1:oon,l;*o- 2xt0-3mbs-l

AnvowoS rn stEo't o ! -pg1r o( ,rpoq qv xaraKdpl)fl poi Fi(q{ pw €louF€:

pu=-o/g. Etor o pueF6q oDFnixvoolE !6pBrtubv eivar (2xto' pas-r/9.8 msl x

0.0t 6=3 27 x10{ kgm, s.

fla w €KppdoouF€ 10 ,I('06 fpol6ltrootg o€ 1no o1)ln0lotrsvl Foppi,

tptsruo,rolonge 14 jrovr6o Be.ptortq {!,oue ppoFls (mm), o,rou lnrm .ivor

lgodnluFo tr€ lkg/m', Eror m r!os6 ppol6,Foolq orllv Ev rart ,t€pqrl sivar 3.27 x

l0{ mm s'r.

25. H Br(lc('rl Etdg FLovodopEirq ndpor'tpgildl (tre ?€oovtlrovo 6opw6po) va

aulli|v€r l€ puop 20W10-miIL OEop6wor tn I d'ihot aoln n ownpooffisisl xdl

rtv tr€plom qE srDr(Il6q6 1t'v 300100 mb xar &r n |(alax6pugn tarrrr{m 6E nl,og

I 00 mb €trur prD€v, u,rolorin€ rnv xatco6pun tallf41a oro olin€8o rcv 300 rnb-

Itrfula 3

u+8u

Andrqot:

H Ks:laK6poel raxrl'qla o(x,y,P) 63 xdftolo adr€6o P ,ipoKiirner dr.6 r!

srE6r doF(vbdP.

I tLA 02 --- ---d - loFoq 6's,e eailEar xar qro ro dnira 3, w = ;;

= ?6G

=3.33":o-"s-'

E liortg

6) 300 = o | 0o - (9v)(30omb -l o0mbF0-3.33r(10-4 s-l:c200mb = -6.66x10-2 mbs-l

l I - , ? ! hw3p9 - -o; -e.ecxto-rmts txffi.t5ms-'

E|iv I roliqra 06 eva tomado avdlrsoo qio r6vrpo r(ol qv aKriw r 6ivEra!

qv V= or,6Eitt' 6n I rcftvotq qe *oqE 6iv.'!ar q"o rn o$oq

26.

" = r.*r[-drd:4l.o,oD d=6rs0€p4 ro, po--r ni'6,r oE o,ctiva r". Bp€fte

Edols ?ltv r(El,rplxi fii€orl €rirv oe @dcncdl 200 m ar!6 ro xE'!'Ipo I nGoI Eivrd 100

KPr, I ftXrrqta 40 mtr xor rl gEppoxpaoia 20"C

tqv tGpimool roo tohado I 6i'vqq Coriolis Eilrr Flxprl (awl(flv6leq ll€

q 9vr6'Gwpo xar q &lrrFl r4( 6ueopo{ in€ ni€o$), o.noc *=i* ,

oldr-RMTd(hp). Olorfrprbvowoa (dr6 r €d)g r. I ft?.€uroia fvErorr . . 1 l

- d ' ( . ^ z - r ' )P = Poe'(p --=*=- . ru n{ fldq mu SootKcv 6!q 06on r=200 4 q=

.lO 2 i' xcr eercwa{ r=0 trponlara on P=8: 8 KPa.

21 &qau od rl &ivdprt qf 9o0pi6dq rrisoqq o€ opqovao 6tEu0uvsq

eqpd{erdl dno r1v - VslCot + O; ,Orot, o beir(trte O Sav€p6v$ o11 I paeFi6a

la$d!€ml o€ orqo€prl 6uqnxrl o€plrorpaoia.

veP=vP+VOz;. 4,16 tov oproF6 qq 6uqflKrlf eEpFoKpaoio!

,=t[!oJ ", u'ou *=w."(€€iooon poisson) *".+ = +-*+1 -

tulEunc -:vP =- Va(c-T+ O)

28. eqte 6t1 I e€iooot ro! tupFl<ot av6po! proFi va sxQpoo06i olt6 rI

! - -v r , - V r o = ; X x V o ( O 1 - O 2 ) .

A:16 .,1v o6pootffirr't E€isoo'I ,lporrrrel a #--l

ut

oloKhp6doule qlt6 qv ni€dq dr{v EllqavEla Po tripr fllv tri€ol Pr s€ w/,aio

D.qroq mtc Ol - 02 = RMTII;s (uvotrstpu(rl ctio{roD

Av 6oooproouFL nrv t€l€uolo oxtol nponracr io (or - oz ) RMiprlnlo-

Av o\'.lxoroanlooupe rdpo onlfloonl €qioool rol) 0€pulKoD av€lou

v-. -v-^ = n- - RY.l*"o^t)'n1". noo-n o_ t ' . , \

v^. - \ ' - - = rKxV-{Or Or)5 t s z l

NAPAPTHMA II

M6ol (ovucq np{ Kol r(Ud'm6q 6laKulrdvonE qE o€pfrorpootoe

oiqv ToflKi M66l Arp6ogorpc oe ouvdprqo4 pe ro yeroypcqrr6

nl.dros rov 6lto qproeaw{ov

101

.8

q d

EB

o o

E>

9at.g av^Kr=p;

ro- t uE<b -

I

-e - O

' ' t L

-

*!

.^o3 l , J

b

gR8qYrUOI (km)3S

i t

6 '666oo'| VoI (km)

'at

.3

.:4 F

: :

u - 6 .

. ts9>

5 ! 9

d6:

qx ;

:>s

x.E 6

' F Od

-6dN

E J O

b

-i(

-b

-b

-ts n=

"a-wx. t

A Q-6H

p8-3

gr

t0:i

ylroI (km)

8EF9 88

v @ c o I g J 9 9

c!

Y UroI (km)

9F

- ii > -

i v f'ts 9.o

s Ei

5F6

F i Y

F ; i c'Eo I> E .Xc5 ;v'36. r ! 4H

=, ,9: ;ox f 6

d

I t I

bQo

xZ

b

aq

I

otrI

b

b

3

8EY!/oI {km)

8R

)

Y{r0I (km)

99s>. iEH

Ug:

-13*;.8 *- xE

"3:e9b v9 H!4i 8 . t

E 9esF E'v .Pi0 ! . *5E;qtst=.9 c;€F

acxI

a6z

.8

.3

,.

9-

b

I?.

-R

.8

.9

.g

' 6

o

6

oq

{

I

ILs

.rJ

yiUOI (krn)

P99e9 Y , ,1', , : ,

ffi----ax i6 i 6vF l i i

YVOI (1(n)

gRR3YVOI (km)

39

t:t-8Il-R o

I-B AIX

fb i :r. il bo :9

Lbz :69t ' o i . r l

f .i E E 9| = ! 4 9

fe 8.8 I| ^ X nL A ' F >l - - g b o

l A r E 6T =

-fR 5B l

l -3Y H=9| = - r cl s -X Soqrvx 9Hit =

n l A4 i l :16- s ,g6- l *a oEEf ;p = .8 R

- , 1 H t r 1=l -Ro o iR| ' c E X

L"e ,5F Ct *

(

II

RYrUOt (km)

YIrOI (km)

83sesR

- )

)

J

reF i 6 i 6 V F 1 i iYlrot (km)

u.5

l i= >

!v t.d49i 9R

_oo9

t B.?

' q A F

E ' ;

a q d

.E

"d

a(L

a5

I

acI

b

I

9EH.+o:! 4 S 9:5*. 66 *

F E9

B"S(, !a?

55 :

i ; o

e' l ' ;E t r l^ .E r

; ! ln i I

,5F9

AFo-aU*

zz- I

t ro

"od z

b

bb

bQ

b6

d d u

b8

b

YVoI (km)

Fafl9 gR

)

" )

RY!,0I (km)

o o o

108

I IAPAPTHMA II I

lrpopt).ropL6q

109

tlpoBrliouo<

fEnx4 orov 61,a odlro tlepiorpep€.or, 16ts *€l orpogrholl6_ O orp6p0,oseilur Elr FEtpo fllC fi€pr@poq,ig F<p6v o€piov ,ro6orrFov. Erot Ftd d€pla }l|i(a,aou ,!.tt6rp€9Eral rud.('unt ex€r o'rpooaqd rcr }rdAr6to g€rrx6orpopr),rorr6.

300 hlh 300 hlh

------\er000 hlr 1000 hlta 1000 hPa

Av oro divo Flpog ine (r.I. 300 hPa) aD|rpe{ qr6rA1oq, r6ft drnv €,.rqd!v$a(1000 hP!) 0a ol)t$ei dtlKl.l('rl g€ cur6ppou aiqtorl rou osflxoi olpo0aloIot.:qv o!,!io8.l t(€pi,Eroq 0a oulp6i d./irlodn 1or, eeluort o".poFtuotoi

Apo oihol Iou xudoqxou orpoparopn oqv xard'rEpn tpon6oeapc.lldopponehar 1l€ sr]itt@orl rcD tuKtr[}vrxoi orpopfilopon oqv avdrlEprl

npoeavd4 Kioe qIEio trtq dtqq e,nedvaaf, tolo ?o! 6a alai'I€plolpEq€ral ela orpop ,l6F6, o ouoios roJlalveror qlto ro t{6dv o.rov tonFepw6oe rc lElloro orolq n6looq. tqK€xp!.rEvo, o ('lpop*roldq ?tg Tt( oE ys.rlpaqlxdtt/itoq 9 €ivar rl 1tapdFelpoc Coriolis (2otIq), 6z0! o I tovlar:li tqdqro,€plorpogrlg qE Tnq.

tqv r6pi,rro)oq rd)pq nou oeoprlooxp€ r.lvotg6ao aapa ('iv€$o), r&e aur6q0a i(a Erurpdero arpopfu6!6 o€ oI6sI trE q mq enqdv€1! (ot€tlro<orpoprXrog6g) tuvtoo)g o o"/_dflx6g orpop*lo$of orlapri(siar 1600 .116 qvKatl'flnorl fltS poriq.ou d€pq ooo rcr om rt|v orl,.{(li rnq 'dntrlrag roD ovalouoe rd@ra op4ovna qr!6ar6t (sheff).

A.,r61,'Jlo otpoprl,rop6 ovold(oulE ro depoldpc rou Iirvou6T pofuhollo[ F€ ro al.ttxo d.poplhoB6.

Eo.rniaglE:

L Toro orpo4 rv€ilor rad FiKoS ndge (oeirq i auMvag psrdrd)v uv6v) xartrough (6qivo !9€oEorv i Fr'(pdv !Vdv)- ttot. iors ro alrnx6 arpo90io|r6 rou.

Orav o a€pq! rveilar lr€6tr oro trough riv€r lu ,r€pFrpaq€i rurt\4x-lxdEDadvov.u{ itor ro q(eaK6 aeoFalop6 1o!. tqv dpirrodt roo ridge rlz€p6rpoEyt r€iva ra €ivar avdKuKturnni, orme o olsdx6g orpopftop6q a1jtdveralrpos inv oprlll.rn (at6Deuvol.

l l 0

Fr->

2. furi I 6!aq pot Wtui GivEr vo toipv€r KxpotrKTl poPQt;

tqv n€pi'lroot, rou 6ev uraplfl 6q'Khol i arcrrq ro! d€pa rla drlll

"ol) o€po 6€ 0o ,r.cpououj( ovrE elqdKwdn, ofts enpp|ipvo.t, onoi€ o qr6lu"roq

o-.popll'r6F6q 0a rpafl vo 6cnlpsiial (ar6liurorra o+dl€.lxoq=a.asspo) Et6'pu €tuiriodn 10! mwou orpopt{oFoi flp€7r'l va avao-.aeFq€iar qn6 Fu aihorlloo o"lsffori olpopftouoli xal alriolpoQa.

& !.no06oo!F€ r6pq ofl pro stplo Fdqa tov 500 hPa tw€italvoaocvmo?uxd (tpoq tov lollp€pl6), 611-a5i 6e n€prom, no! €]4t-r6vsrar o mrvog6-.po8aql6q. H avallcalirnia 6laaipl6qq rou un6l'!''oo drpoptus|roi 8,rd1€rqwig-.oln au€nq.ou dlm(ot orpofttuopon (xuKk)vrsi (apr{looq), nou ohleioe Pop€roEvaroll}fli poi. Tt('r op.)q I o€ptd ldqo eo $o6p1trfl oE rrprqarl, o,ro! omwo€ orpoplltdlr6q o1)6dvsrar p€ dr!6ppou vo npoxslEirsr €lirroorl dlo o./"€nx6olpoftr,rolr6 (svn'Dxtur^, q t(epn1iloq), ,!o! ofut€i sr vtou oE pol rpo( tovrolF€plvo To qorvoFvo aur6 enavo.traFpdvslar avqnfliooovlag nj|lalo pc

lqqhh€po Flrcq nJFoloq, rou 'Itpl(Uxkivo1)v oMx)'qpTl rI n.

3. n6q o olpopt'loF6q olsdq€lar u. iry ovdi,mh ro! xataryidov dro sEoa'fEotlpaQll(d ,rfuirll;

Ito p6pao q;.llopciro I avnrDda]\aq pori-6eh6otpoql porl ripo dron€prolrt F€ uythl d!oq-&pd"f€r opqflx6 q(tfl(6 olpoplltotro. E E6tt o[og oe€flK6g cipop l6}t6€ lttg TIe ouuioog ltt€p9divEr rov qpvrFK6 dI€!D(6orpopri,ldp6 ro! a\,'nr1)d6vq, 6fi1 tr!s! xal avoi€pl tpot!66Qdpa tov Blsov,r€orypret((iv n}'Br6v swdwrip€ ouvnooq ltlrKfuiv€g Kcl cvnKDtAlDv€q fto!dled(owdr F! n€prot6q unkiv tal lalrrlkiv tqt6v emxoD qr6}ino!6rpopdropo1j,. Orav Fla ,r€pron osnxoi aspopd.loloo rl}Eitar n&vo qn6 €\'aeneclr€utr6 or&oqro l€loro 6lptouptsitar Evo Kupa F€tdhi oEpFrlg xar \tlYprlq!d4d{ ro! f€id),ro! Kor ovullrudoficr Kamqi6o. A(oprl xol p! tlv (,lolroid

IEniroD, pla (6q rolopis v€eoxd^ljwg Fnop€i va dlproop7Ei 0enx6 d.pop ld,6.

BIBAIOIPAOIA.AJ{AIDOPEE

l G.V. Groovcs: Zonrl wid qu$idi.nnirl oscilhtion rt 25{0 ko rltitude,

1952{9, Qoarl. J. Roy. Meteor Soc.,99, 7]-81, 1973.

2. S. Fntz and J.K Angell: T.rDp.rrtur. rnd wird vrrntiotr in thc tropic!

uppcr strrtorph.r. lnd lo*cr m.losphcn during . sun pot cydc, J. Groptr

Res., 81, 1051-1055, 1976.

3. G.D. Nanrom tnd AD. Belmont P.riodic vffirtiotr! h stntolph.ric-

m.sorph.ric t.mp.nlurc from 20 to 25 kn rt 80'l{ to 30'S, J Atmos. Sci.,

17t5-t123,1978.

4. R.D. Ros.r! WU. Mso-Fou and J.P. Peixots Ob!.r,v.tio rtudJ of th.

intcrmdutl vrrirbility itr ccrlrin fcrturd of th. g!tr.rrl circulrtion, J.

C.oph. Res., 8 t, 6383-6389, 1979

5. NASA: Th. rtrrto3ph.r.: Pr.r.nt .nd Futur.. NASA Rrf.rcncc Pub,

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hrlf-ycrdy srv.r in Oc r.mp.r urt of ahc cqortorid tmposphcrc l[d

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9. C. Vsrotsos:Tcmpcrrturc rnd nd lidd fu the rtrrtolpb.n |ltd

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ir thc Strrto-M6orph.r. of thc North.rn hcmfuphcr!, Hcllenic Congrcss

of Physics, Atl'en!, 1986.

ll. C. Varotsos and C.C. Repapisrscr$nrl vrri.tron of upp.r ltnlolphsic

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ir th. Straao-Mcrolphcrc of lhc NoFthcm hcnilphcIr, Hcl.ric Coryr.s!

of Ptrysics, Athens, 1986.

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strrtBphcrc rnd los.r m.lolphcrc, lntematiorat Union Geoddy and

Crophysics (LU.G.G.), )O( G€ncmi Ass€mbly, Vancouver, Carad4 Ausust

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zoul wind in th. two E.rfuph.r.r, Theor. Appl. Cli'rtratol., 38, N3, 167-173,

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Geophysics (I.U.G.G.), )(D( General fusembly, Vancouver, Crrada, Augud

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Stntosphcric - lowcr Mclo6ph.ric oron. rrd r.npcr.tu]!s, Th€or. Appl.

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ranrtolph.tr, d m.solphcE of th. Nonbcm Hcnilphcr., 19691981'

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345, 1988.

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Rclding U.K., August tn5,1989.

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of lhc auifrcc oroDc rnd tcnrpcrrturr in Ath.ns during thc p.riod l$l-

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' t15

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lolv Eclospheric nlridioml wind iD th. two hcnilphcft3, EGS, XV

General Assembly. Cop€nhageq 23-27 April, 1990.

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ozoD. and tenp.rituE al lhc atrrto-m.lorphelt, EGS Conf€rcnce,

wi€sbrdeq April 1991.

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acmp.rraor. r[d lurfrcc ultrrviol.l rrdhtio4 EGS Confer.nce,

Wicsbrdcr\ Germany, 22-26 April, 1991.

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Southcrn O3cilhlion ligorl in thc uppcr StrrtolphcrF Lower Mcrolpher..

Int mltionsl Joumal ofclimatology, I I, 77-83, l99l.

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lurfrc. ozonc rtrd t.mp.rrtur. in Athcnr dudry thc pcriod 1901-1940.

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o?on. Ird l.mplr.tutr in thc Stnto-M.losph.E r! dlduced fron srt llil.

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dcrivld by rtdotc rod b lilu scrliD8 t chdquc! for th. €Iobrl middlc

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of !.r{urf!c. t.op.rrturr !!d routhem o$ilrtion rig|trl in th. ltrito-

E..o!ph.r!, Europee Grophysicr.l Society, XVItr C€ieral tusmbly,

Wicsbadeq 3-7 May, 1993.

114

31. C. Vrrotsos, P. KdNbolos, A Vlsssi, A Kds@bas, J. Strarigos nnd C.

ADtotriou: TtG biologicrny rctivc ulfrviolct ndirtior itr r€litior to Sc

lufrcc ozonc rrd lhc wbd fidd, Toxicological srd Enviromental Ch.misry,

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32. K. Bopdroog er K Ya KotrdEtyet OtG||(q4lrln ftpt0dllovlr,g

T6106 r! Arcnololtd.Orp!.rni,no- Klrlftrr{ cudt{, Ex66oa6 n

Tpcul6f- E. f,ooropdftq€, 1996

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