Βασικές Έννοιες...
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, Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne, Operating Systems Concepts, 6th Edition. : http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/yau/cs503/
(); (Mainframe Systems) (Desktop Systems) (Multiprocessor Systems) (Distributed Systems) (Clustered Systems) (Real -Time Systems) (Handheld Systems) (Computing Environments)
3
() ()
: / 4
1. 2. (Hardware) (, , / (I/O devices)). (.. , , ) (, , )
3.
4.
5
6
(extended virtualmachine). / 1: 2: , (interrupt handling)
7
() (resource allocation). 1: H , , 2: ,
8
() Top down view: () ( ),
Bottom up view: , , , , / , - (Tanenbaum, 2001)
9
10
... (resource allocator) /
(Kernel) , ( ) 11
.
,
12
(batching of similar jobs)
( ) monitor):
( ) (resident, , 13
(Spooling) ( , , / )
,
,
,
14
(batch system)
15
3 : : , (Tanenbaum, 1993)
, 16
17
() ( ) ( )
( ) 18
()
19
(Time-sharing Systems) (interactive) . ,
20
(Interactive Computing) H KME
(swapped) . ,
(file systems) 21
(Desktop Systems)
I/O , , ,
, (Windows, MacOS, Linux) 22
MS-DOS:
23
Unix:
24
(Tightly coupled systems) , ()
: ( ) ( ) ( ) 25
() (Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)) SMP
(Asymmetric multiprocessing) ,
26
27
(Real-Time Systems) , , ,
(hard - ) (soft ) 28
() : , ROM
: (, )
29
. : (peer-to-peer NOSs) (dedicated server NOSs)
30
( )
(Loosely coupled systems)
(networks) -load sharing (reliability & availability) ( )
:
31
() (Local area networks (LANs)) (Wide area networks (WANs))
-(client-server) (peer-to-peer)
32
( WAN)
33
(Client Server)
34
(Clustered Systems)
(Asymmetric clustering):
(Symmetric clustering): 35
(Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)) : ()
36
37
-
39
To (Application Programming Interface - API)
( ), ( / )
40
UNIXUNIX , UNIX . UNIX :
(kernel): , , , ( ) 41
Unix
42
(Layered Approach) To -(layers levels), . ( 0), , ( N) - (user interface)
(modularity), 43
44
OS/2
45
Microkernel
: ( kernel mode) 46
Client-Server / ()
(iterative)
( ), (concurrent)
47
- Windows NT
48
(Virtual Machines) (virtual machine)
, ()
49
() ,
50
51
/ . , . ,
52
Java Java bytecodes Java (Java Virtual Machine JVM)
H JVM : (class verifier) (run-time interpreter)
Just-In-Time (JIT)
53
Java
54
(Modules) (kernel modules) (interfaces)
, 55
()
56
, , ,
, , , ,
57
( )
,
58
assembly,
: (debugging)
(porting)
59
(SYSGEN) . (configured)
SYSGEN
(Booting) Bootstrap ROM ,
60