ΝΥΚΤΕΓΕΡΣΙΑ - τεύχος τρίτο Ανθρώπινη Φύση

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description

Το Πανεπιστήμιο της Βαρβαρότητας στο τρίτο τεύχος της Νυκτεγερσίας πραγματεύεται την υπόσταση και τα χαρακτηριστικά της ανθρώπινης φύσης, αντικρούοντας τις παραδοσιακές και κατεστημένες αντιλήψεις που στοχεύουν στην καθυποταγή μέσα από ένα πλαίσιο επιστημονικής προσέγγισης αγγυλωμένης και προσαρμοσμένης στον σκοπό της εκάστοτε εξουσίας.

Transcript of ΝΥΚΤΕΓΕΡΣΙΑ - τεύχος τρίτο Ανθρώπινη Φύση

: e-mail: [email protected] , , . , , , , . , , , .

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ISSN 1791-4175

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Obscurantist 7

11 Emma Goldman Francisco Ferrer 27 : . 39 - 62

; 71 Thomas Martin 77 Erich Fromm 98 Howard Zinn 108 Workers Solidarity Movement 118

John H. Clippinger 121 Anarchist FAQ 135 Hillel Cohen ; 143 Erich Fromm 146 Albert Joseph (Libertad) 156

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Emma Goldman Francisco Ferrer 1 . . , , . Francisco Ferrer. , . , . . 1 1909, . 13 , , Montjuich ( , ), , . , , , . . . , , . 1859 . . , .1 Emma Goldman's Anarchism and Other Essays. 2 , New York & London: Mother Earth Publishing Association, 1911. . 151-172.

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EMMA GOLDMAN ____________________________________________________________

, . , . , . . , . , Villacampa, , . : . , , , . Mazzini, Garibaldi , , . . , , , . , McKinley Roosevelt. . , , , . , . . . . ! ,

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FRANCISCO FERRER ____________________________________________________________

, . , , , , ! , ! . , , , . , , . . , , , Louise Michel. , Louise , , . , , , . , ! . , . , , . , . , . , . Louise . , , ; Louise . , , . . , .

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, Paul Robin. Cempuis, . Paul Robin . . , , , , Paul Robin. , , , . , , , , , , . [] Cempuis , Madelaine Vernet, , l'Amour Libre, Sebastian Faure La Ruche, 1907. [] . , . , , , . , , , . ,

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. Meunier, , . , . . , , , . Meunier. , , . , . , . ; . , , ; , Meunier . , . , . , , , . 9 1901, . . . : . . .

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. . , . . , Brand2, . . . . , , Mangat. , . . 1906, 12. ( , .) , . . , ! 1909 . . , , . . , Riffs3. , .[] 1909. . , L'Humanit -. , Soledad Villafranca 2 (1866) . . 3 , El-Rif .

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: . . , , . . , 4 , ! , . . . ; . , . . 4 , L'Humanite: , 4 1909. , , , , , , . . . . . 13 1909, , , . ! , 33

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, . , ! ; , , , . . , , , . , . , . , . , 72 , , , . . ; . , . , 19011909, 109 308 . , , 150 , . , . , , . , , , , . , -

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, , . , 1871. . , . , . . ; ! , , , , ; , , , ; , , ; , ; , , , ; , . , , . , 25 , (League of Rational Education). Elise Reclus L'Homme et la Terre Great French Revolution. , , , ; , , . , , . , ,

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4. , , , , . ; , , , , . , . 13 1909, Montjuich. , ; : , , , , , , , , ; Montjuich , , ! , , . . . .

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Mother Earth, 1909.

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: . Free the child, and the child will free the race William Durant

Ferrer 1909, Francisco Ferrer , , . , 1901, Ferrer, , Modern School ( ), Escuela Moderna . , , . , 1906, Ferrer Alfonso XII. , . , , , , . , , , Ferrer. , , 39

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. , Francisco Ferrer, , , . , , , , . Ferrer , . 1909 1961, , , . 1910, , Francisco Ferrer ( ), Leonard Abbott Harry Kelly Emma Goldman . : Ferrer, , . , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , . , , , . (1924-1941) (1933-1958). , , , 1911 -

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T (1911-1915)T , Ferrer, 1911 St. Marks Place Greenwich Village Bayard Boyesen, Columbia. , , Free Theatre, Modern School Trio, , , , . , , East 12. , , , , , esperanto . Robert Henri George Bellows, Ash Can School. , , Leonard Abbott Hutchins Hapgood . Jacques Rudome, , , Moritz Jagendorf, Free Theatre, . , Man Ray , Mike Gold Shelley Blake, Sadakichi Hartmann . , Lola Ridge Edwin Markham, , John Sloan, Max Weber, Rockwell Kent Robert Minor, Manuel Komroff : , . , . , , 1910 1915, Jack London, Lincoln Steffens, Upton Sinclair, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,

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Clarence Darrow, Hippolyte Havel, Eugene ONeill, Theodore Dreiser, Max Eastman. , , , , , Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman Margaret Sanger Durant , Tom Mann Bill Haywood Lucy Parsons Heymarket. , , , Ferrer .

Ferrer , 1912, , John Abby Coryell , Will Durant, . Durant . , , . , ,42

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. , . , , . , , . . Emma In the Days Before Stelton: . Zorach, Helen Lund . , , , . . Robert Henri Isadora Duncan . , . . , Ferrer . , , , . , , . , , , . Francisco Ferrer: . , . . , . , . . -

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, , . , , , . . Paul Avrich , , , , . , . Harry Kelly . . 1914, , Ludlow, . Ludlow, , J. Rockefeller , . , Rockefeller Alexander Berkman , , , Arthur Caron, Carl Hanson Charles Berg. , . . , , . , , 1918.

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T (1915-1953) , , . , , , . , Harry Kelly, Leonard Abbott Joseph Cohen Ferrer Colony Association , , 9 , .

: 16 1915 , : Bobby Deedee Hutchinson , Stony Ford , Henry T. Schnittkind , , , Abe Grosner . , 1916, William Thurston Brown, , , . , , 49

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, , . , , . , Margaret Sanger, Peggy, . .

1915 1917, Jim Nellie Dick. , . , , 143 , . , . 1919, 100 , . 30-40 , , . , . . , , , . , , , .50

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1920 Dicks Alexis Elizabeth Ferm , . , , Childrens Playhouse , storefront schools, Lower East Side, Emma . Elizabeth Ferm kindergarten movement, Friedrich Froebel, . Elizabeth Alexis Ferm o , Ferm, , , , , , .52

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Elizabeth Ferm 1920 Jim Dick , ( , , , ), (, , , , , ), , . Jules Scarceriaux , Joseph Ishill , Hugo Gellert , .

Alexis Ferm

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Ferm , , , . Roger Baldwin : Alexis Elizabeth Ferm , , , .

, , . , 1922 90 , . 1924, Dick Ferm , Harry Kelly, . , 20, . , . , , , 54

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. Ferm Ferrer, , , 1925. (1912-1949) The Path Of Joy: 1916. , . The Free Spirit: Rose Florence Freeman Joseph Ishill. 1919 . Voice of the Children: , , . 1922 1926 1929 1941. The Modern School: . 1912 1922 , 1943. Open Vistas: Hippolyte Havel Joseph Ishill 1925 . , , , The Stelton Outlook (1932-1933), Action (1921), . , , Alexis Elizabeth Ferm, 1916, , 1929 Linoleum Cuts , . , 1925 1928, 1928. Dick Ferm. , .55

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(. 1924-25) Jim Dick: , . . , , . . . , . 1928, , Jim Nellie Dick Ferm . , , , . 1933, Jim Nellie Stelton . Dick Ferrer, , 1958. , Ferm 1948. , Ferm , 56

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1930 . , Daybreak Costume Ball, . 1930 1949. , , , , . , 1938, , , . , . 1940, . , , . 1944, Elizabeth Ferm , Alexis 1948, . , . , , , . Anna Schwartz, , , 50 14 . , , , 1953 . 1955 1961, , , . , . , .

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1961, , , Alexis Ferm, 98 . 60, , Ferm, . 1971 Stelton, . , ( Jo Ann Wheeler Burbank, 1929 1946) 1973 . Rutgers, , , , . 1996 Rutgers , 20 . , . , , . . , , , , . , . , . , , -

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. . . , , . , , Zachary Schwartz . . . , . . Pauline Bridge Henderson . , , . , . Elizabeth (Billie) Vasilio . . Anna Koch-Riedel . . . Gerda Koch Riedel . , : , , , , , , . , . ; , , . , . Lilly Sarnoff

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rence Tager , , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , , , . , . . , , . . . Durant : . , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , Ferrers Faures . Ferrer, , : , , .

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- Abrams Ann Uhry, The Ferrer Center: New Yorks Unique Meeting of Anarchism and the Arts, New York History 59, . 3, 1978. Avrich Paul, Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America, Magda Schoenwetter, AK Press, 2005. Avrich Paul, The Modern School Movement: Anarchism and Education in the United States, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1980. Durant William, The Ferrer Modern School, New York. Kelley Harry, The Ferrer Modern School, Stelton, NJ: The Modern School Association of North America, 1920. Liptzin Stanley, The Modern School of Stelton, New Jersey: A Libertarian Educational Experiment Examined, Rutgers University, 1976. Mark Arthur, Two libertarian educators: Elizabeth B. Ferm and Alexis C. Ferm, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1973. Tager Florence, A Radical Approach to Education: Anarchist Schooling, the Modern School of New York and Stelton, , Ohio State University, 1979. Veysey Laurence, The Ferrer Colony and the Modern School in The Communal Experience: Anarchist and Mystical Communities in Twentieth-Century America, University of Chicago Press, 1978. Perez Pura, The Modern School Movement: Historical and Personal Notes on the Ferrer Schools in Spain, The Friends of the Modern School, 1990. Sacharoff Victor, Recollections from the Modern School Ferrer Colony, Friends of the Modern School. Seligman Rhya Levine, Remarks given at the annual reunion of the Children of the Modern School, September, 1996. Friedson Reid, Radical Educators in New York City, 1909-1915.

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-PINK FLOYD HEY YOU (Roger Waters) , , ; , ; , . , , , ; , ; , , . , . , . . , , , ; , , , ;62

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, , . LEONARD COHEN DEMOCRACY , . , , . , -, , : . , . , , , : . , . : .63

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; , Heiner Mller .

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Howard Zinn, , , , 2009.

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, , . , . , . , , , , , , , . , . , , , , . , , : , . , 19 ( R. Lombroso2) , Homo Sapiens . , , (.. ), . . , 2

R. Lombroso, L uomo delinquente .

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, , 3. , , , . , , . , , , , , .., . , (ESS)4, , , . , , . , , . , , , 20.000 . , , 5. , , , , , 3 Pyotr Kropotkin, : , , 2009. 4 3, John H. Clippinger, , 2010. 5 Dr Kevin Laland & , How culture shaped the human genome: bringing genetics and the human sciences together, Nature Reviews Genetics 11, 137148, 2010.

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, . , , , , . . , , , . ( ), , . (!) , tabula rasa , . , , . , , , . , , ; , , , , . , , , , 6 6 Yevgeny Zamyatin, A Soviet Heretic: Essays by Yevgeny Zamyatin, Chicago University Press, 1970.

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Friedrich Schelling, Erster Entwurf eines Systems der Naturphilosophie, 1799.

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Thomas Martin , , . , , . , , , (hard-wired), , . , . , . . , , . : , . , , . ( , ) . , , , . , , . , . ( ;) , 77

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( ) , . The Bell Curve1 , . , , best-seller The Blank Slate: (2002), Steven Pinker . Pinker , ( , ). , . , (tabula rasa). O , Godwin Proudhon, , , . , , Boas, Durkheim, Mead, Kroeber, Jung, Reich Goodman. O Pinker Mill, ( ). . ( !), . (tabula rasa) : , , . , , . , 1 Richard J. Herrnstein Charles Murray (1994) .

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. , , , . , John Tooby Leda Cosmides , . , Wilson, Stephen Jay Gould. , , Charles Murray, Francis Fukuyama Richard Dawkins. . : , (1999), Peter Singer, , . Pinker , . , . , , . Alfred Kroeber ( Ursula Leguin) (Degler, 1991, . 84). , Kroeber, . Wilson, Gould, Waddington , , . . Wilson, Richard Dawkins, Thomas Sowell The Bell Curve, Wilson . ( -

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) , , ( , , ). Lysenko ; , , . , , . Kropotkin . . (, , ) , , . . . . , . , , . . . . , . , , , . , . , , , (, -

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) . , : , , , , , , , . , , , . . , Richard Dawkins, , . : , , ( ) . , . , . , Dawkins, , . , . , , . , : , . , . , . , - , .

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, , , . , , , . , . , . , . : . , Peter Kropotkin. , , , Kropotkin , , , . ( ), Kropotkin , . (Mutual Aid) , , Kropotkin . Graham Purchase Murray Bookchin . , , . . , . . . :

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Maurice Merleau-Ponty John Dewey. Merleau-Ponty Kojve Husserl. Dewey, , . , , . , , . : , , , , . . ( , ). , , . , , , . , . , , . . . , . , , , -

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, . George Lakoff Mark Johnson . Metaphors we live by (1980) , Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to western thought (1999) . Dewey Merleau-Ponty, , , . , (Lakoff Johnson, 1999, . 3): . . . , , . , . : , . . , , , , . , ,

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, (, , ), , . , , . , . . Out In Front2. , , . Gregory Bateson, . , , . . , . . . Steven Pinker (Pinker, Blank Slate, . 139) tabula-rasa : , . , . , . , 2 .

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; ; ( , ) ; , : ( ) . , (Pinker, Blank Slate, . 19, . 392). ; ; , . , ; ( ). . : , . , , . Peter Kropotkin . , , , , (, ). Georges Sorel ( , ), , (Sorel, , . 195). ,

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. . , . Pinker, . . , . ( ) , . 1990, , , . , () , . , , , , , . DNA : , , Y , , . DNA ( , ) ( , ..), . , , . ,

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, . , , . , , . . , , .., . , , . : . , . . , Christina Hoff Summers Camille Paglia, , . : . ( , ) . Pinker . . , , . Boas Kroeber , . , , , ,

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, , , . , . Pinker, , . , , . , . . , , . . . , . , , : , . . , , , . . , , , . , . , , , , .

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, , . , . , . Bookchin, Murray, The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy, Palo Alto: Cheshire Books, 1982. Darwin, Charles, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; or, The Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life, London: John Murray, 1859. Degler, Carl, In Search of Human Nature: The Decline and Revival of Darwinism in American Social Thought, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Kropotkin, Peter, Mutual Aid, A Factor of Evolution, New York: McClure, Philips & Co., 1902. Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson, Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought, New York: Basic Books, 1999. Pinker, Steven, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature, New York: Viking, 2002. Singer, Peter, A Darwinian Left, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1999. Sorel, Georges, Reflections on Violence, trans. T.E. Hulme. London: Allen & Unwin, 1915.

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Erich Fromm Erich Fromm . , . , 1969 Collier, Fromm . , , . ; . , John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., Robert F. Kennedy, Watts, Detroit , , , . , , . , . . , , . , , , , . , . . , , 98

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. Lorenz , , . Lorenz, . , . , . . Lorenz On Aggression, , , , . : , , . , , . , , , . , . , , , . , Lorenz . , -

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. , John Dollard , . , , , , . . , . , . , . . ( ), , . , , . , . , , , . , , .

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, . , , 1. , . , : , . , , . , , , , . , , , . . , ; . , . . , , , , . . , . , 2. , . ,1 , Why War?, International Institute of Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations, 1933. : Sigmund Freud, Collected Papers vol.5, Basic Books, 1959. 2 E. O. Wilson, Sociobiology, The New Synthesis, Harvard University Press, 1975.

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: . . : ; , : ( ), : , , , , - 3. . , (), . , () . . . , : , , , . , , , , , . , . . , . , . : , 3

E. O. Wilson, On Human Nature, Harvard University Press, 1978.

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. : 4. 1986, , , : , , , . ; . , . , , , , . . , , . , 60, , 5. , . , , . , , . . New York Review of Books, 1973. Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority, Harper & Row, 1974.4 5

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, , . , . . , , , . . , , 1961: , . 6. , , , , , ; , , . , , .. : . . , , . , . The Forest People , , , . , . , 6

ibid .2

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, The Mountain People, 7. , . . , , , . . ( ) . , , , . , , , . . , . . , , , . , , , , , On Aggression. . . , 8.7 8

Colin Turnbull, The Mountain People, Simon & Schuster, 1972. Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression, Harcourt Brace & World, 1966.

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, , , . , , , . , ( ). , , , , , . 9. , , , . , , . , . . , , . , , , , . , , , ; ; , , . , , , , , , , ; , 9 Erik Erikson, Psychoanalysis and Ongoing History, American Journal of Psychiatry, 1965.

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Workers Solidarity Movement1 , , , , , , , . Friedrich NietzscheHuman, All Too Human, 1878 . , , , , , : , . , , , , , . . , , , , , . , . , , . 17 . , . . , , . . 1 Workers Solidarity Movement 1984 , .

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John H. Clippinger . . , , . , . , , , . , , . , , . , . , 1 2. Rinaldo, Lt. Col. Richard J. Combat. Army Magazine. 2003. George, Bill. Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. 2003.1 2

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, , . , - , , , . , , . , . () , . , , . , , . . , , 98% , 46% 3. 4. Healey, Justin ed. Issues in Society. Genetics. 149, 2001. Gaulin and McBurney. Social Behavior. Psychology: An Evolutionary Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 2000.3 4

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; , (), 5. , , : , , , , , . , . , , . 6. , , . . , , . , , (neo-cortex) . , , , 5 (), Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS), , , . 6 .

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, . , , Homo sapiens Homo Fabens, . , , , . , , , 7. , , . 50 , , . , . , Homo Sapiens . , . . , , . 7 Dunbar, Robin. Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. 1996. . 66.

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, . . . , , . , , . , . . . , 8. , , . , 150 200. , . , , , 150 . 150-200 , 8

Ibid, . 66.

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. , 150200. 150-200 , . , , / 9. , . , 10. , . , , , , , , , !11 , , , . , . Ibid, . 72. Cross, Rob, and Nitin Nohria. Six Myths about Informal Networks: How to Overcome Them, MIT, Sloan Management Review. 2002. 11 Damasio, Antonio. Looking for Spinoza, Joy, Sorrow and the Feeling Brain. Orlando, Harcourt. 2003. . 160.9 10

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. . , , , , , , , , 12. [] 13 , , , 14. , . . , , , , , , , . , , 15.Ibid. , : ) ) ) ) . . Thibaut, J. W., Kelley, H. H. (1959) The social psychology of groups, University of Chicago Press. 14 Dunbar, Grooming. . 61. 15 , John Tooby, , , , . Powell Kendall, 12 13

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. - . 16. - , , . : , . , - , . . , , ( - ) ( ). 17. 18. , , . Nature, 13 2002. http:// www.nature.com/nsu. .: Young, Emma, Brain's 'cheat detector' is revealed, New Scientist, 12 2002. http:// www.newscientist.com/news. 16 Dunbar, Robin, Chris Knight Camilla Power. The Evolution of Culture. New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press. 1999. 17 George Lakoff. 2003. 18 , Richard Dawkins (Selfish Gene, Oxford University

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. : , . , , . 19. [] , . . 20. , . , : , , , . , . , , . , Press, 1976) (Sober, Eliot and David Sloan Wilson. Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior.Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1998.) 19 Damasio, Looking for Spinoza, . 161. 20 Sober, Elliot and David Sloan Wilson. Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology and Unselfish Behavior. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1998.

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21. , . - . , , . , , . , , , SS . , . , 22. , . , . , .21 . Flack, J. and F.B.M. de Waal. Any Animal Whatever: Darwinian building blocks of morality in monkeys and apes. Journal of Consciousness Studies. 7 (12). 2000, . 129. DeWaal, F.B.M. The chimpanzees service economy: Food for grooming, evolution, and human Behavior. 1997, . 375-86. 22 Mullainathan, Sendhil and Richard H. Thaler. Behavior Economics. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. San Leandro, Elsevier Science, 2001.

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, , . , , , , , , , . , , , 23 , . , 24 . , homo economicus, , . , , , , , , , , , . , . Bowles, The Origins of Human Cooperation. , , . , . .23 24

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, , 25. , , . , , , , . . , : , , 26. , , , , 27, , , , , 28. , , , , , 25 Mullainathan, Sendhil and Richard H. Thaler. Behavior Economics. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. San Leandro, Elsevier Science, 2001. 26 Grimes, Ken. Neuro-economics: To Trust is Human. New Scientist. 10 2003. 27 McCabe, K. and Vernon Smith eds. Bounded Rationality: The Adaptive Toolbox. Cambridge, MIT Press, 2000. 28 Thaler, Advances in Behavioral Finance.

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Anarchist FAQ1 . , , . . , . , . , , , , . , , . , , . , , , , . , . Chronicles of Dissent: . . . , , . , , , . , 1

An anarchist FAQ, . 14/8.3.10, . A, 2.15, what about human nature?.

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. , , () . , , . , 2, ( ) , . , !, . , , , . . Stephen Jay Goul3, Ever Since Darwin , , . , . , , , , , . , . , , 2 , . 3 Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), , . .

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. , , . , , ( , ). , . , , (, , ) , status quo! , . , , The Ecology of Freedom. , , . , . , . Sociobiology or Social Ecology, Which way for the Ecology Movement?, , , , , , status. , , , . , , . , -

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. ( ) . , Mutual Aid, , . , ( ) , ( , Stephan Jay Gould's Kropotkin was no Crackpot Bully for Brontosaurus). , , , , . , , , . . . , , , . , George Barrett Objections to Anarchism, , . , [sic!] . :

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Hillel Cohen ; ; , ; Bloomberg News, . Brian Knutson, Stanford, , . Knutson , , , MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ), . , ( , ). . , , , , . Bloomberg : , , . , , . , , .143

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, , , . , , , ; ; , ( ) , . . , . , . , . , , , . . , . , , . , . 145

Erich Fromm rich Fromm, 1969 Vladimir Dobrenkov, , Fromm . Dobrenkov Fromm . Fromm Dobrenkov . , Fromm Dobrenkov - , , 70 (Moscow: progress publishers). , Fromm , . Cuernavaca (Mexico), 10 1969 Dobrenkov . . . , . , . , , , . [] , , 146

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Albert Joseph (Libertad) 1 ! , , ! ! , . , . , , . . , , . , , . , , , , , . , , , . , . ! . , , , , 1 lanarchie 1905. Mitchell Abidor.

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