Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

295
Yuovpruo EoNrHr llunnrnr rlr OpurKEYMAToN Ilumtotmo lNrrnoyro Evrutou A

description

Το σχολικό βιβλίο του 1998, από τα πιο αξιόλογα που κράτησαν στα χέρια τους οι μαθητές

Transcript of Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Page 1: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

YuovpruoEoNrHr llunnrnrrlr OpurKEYMAToN

Ilumtotmo lNrrnoyro

0prluuuorBrlorrorAlurrmoNBm,uoN

Evrutou A

Page 2: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

A'tal4 Evtabu Auxe[ou

Page 3: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου
Page 4: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ynoupyefo E0vtK{q lloldeioq Kql Opqoreup6rovllo ldoytoyl x6 lvorlrofro

NIKO: MNONTEUANAPEA: IOANNOY >IEIAZ

OPTANI>MO: EKAO:EO: AIAAKTIKQN BIBAIONAOHNA

Page 5: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

To BrBl.(o our6 e(vor evoppovropr6vo npoq ro roltiov np6ypo1.r1.ro Enouddrv yrq roEvro(o AUxero ror 6Xer npor0qer on6 14 pr(rr1 ovo;r6pe(uon rou g4o)txori eyxerp(6t-ou Ouorr4 yro rrlv A Auxe(ou l-EA EnA TEA rrrlv N. Aqn6we, A. Kqoo6ro, I Moupirqxor I. I<roO5rq, 6rdoorl OEAB 1997.EuloproroUpre rouq 6ex66eg ouvoS6l,goug ;rog ro0r1y4169 AewepoBd0grog Erno(-6euoqq r<or rbro(repo roug une0Ouvouq rov Epyoorqprcrrcilv K6wprrrv Ouorrtilv Enr-orqprcov or ono(or pe rrq erjoroxeq nopornprloerq rouq rruvdpol,ov orqv rel,rxtl 6ro-U6pqoon rou ouyKeKpt;r6vou BrB)\(ou.EuXoprmoripre enio4g rov K. Bqoil.4 EuOupr[ou Kor rrl\/ r. Agpo6(r4 ZepBoU orrggpow(deq rov ono(ov oeeileror, oe peydlo Bo0p6, 11 rrrAoto0loio rqg 6x6oo4q.

Page 6: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ilpoloyrrri oqpe(opc 7Erooyalyri BO Xrirpog Kor o lptivogO Xr6pog 12

Olp6vog 19

Epcorqoergrornpoptrrlporo 23

Nroroupfvro 25

H neprypqg{ rqS rivrlo4g ........27H xivqoq 28

H ytrc6ooo rqg neprypogq5 30

Kiv4o4 oe prd 6rdoroorl 36

H ele60epq rrrcboq 51

H roprnutr6ypcFp€S rcrvrloer5 57

H ruxfur4 rivqorl 50

Or odv0ereg rcrvqoerg 63

Eporqoer5 rcrr npoptrrlprcxro 68

Nroroupfvro 78

H Neurarvrrri odv0€oq ........ ......7sH dworo 66vcyr7 81

H oprororetrrrq Ouorrcq BB

O npc6ro5 v6pro5 rq5 rivrloqg 90

O 6edrepog v6pog rr15 rcivqoq5 94

O rpirog v6po5 rrlg rivqoq5 103

N6por r<ov 6uvdpre<ov 106

Auvcprrrrj orqv rurfurrl xivqorl 112

S S * C & * t *&* S S * e * S * l } | rS {& O * * e * f i

11

Page 7: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H ncryx6opro dl{q 115

H 6rcrqprlon rqs opp4s 127

Eporrloe r5 ror npoplrlporcx 133

Nrorouprivro 147

H yltiooCI rls svdpysros ....".......14eNeurcovrxrl 6uvoprrrq ror BroprqXovrr<q Errovdoroorl 150

Mercprpo(dpevrl evipyero 153

Auvoprrrq evdpyera 166

H 6rorrlpqon rrls Fnxovrrrlq rvdpyerog 173

H p4Xcxvrrrl evdpyero elorrc6verot 178

A6{qoq rrls prlxcvrKrlq evipye rag 180

Eporrqoe rg ror npoptrqporcx 185

Nrorou;;ivro 193

H evdpyerCI 6rqrqpeirqr Kqr uropuOpi(etoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 e5

H Oepporpooio 196

Oep;.rorpooio r<or 0epp6rqra 2O2

H Oeppror<pcxoio eivor peroprpo(dpevrl evdpyerc 212

H crpXn rrlg 6rarqprlons rqs evdpyercg 214

O npc6rog v6pog rrlg OepproSr.rvo;rrrcr1g 218

Evdpye ro ror prrxp6rooprog 223

O 6e6repo5 vdpog rqg 0eppro6uvc;rrr<49 229

Xqprrq evdpye ro 238

Hlror<rlcxxrrvopolio 24A

Eporrrloe r5 ror npoBtrrlprorc 243

Nroroupdvro 250

EpyaorqprtrKds o6rlydgA' prfpog Epyoorqprorcdg oorrloe rg 252

B' p6pog Apaorrlpr6rqre5 252

251

Page 8: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ilpolroyuu6to4peroJlrfr

1. N4eprrdg xrlrd6eg tr i{erg, pro oerpd oncj err6r,es Kc{t oplopfvrx o6ppoloouv0drouv ro onoritr€ogs rrls npoorrdOettxs-rrou r<dvope. Bpforoupe lor-r6v rrorg eivqr 6rKorotroyrlprivri q ovdyrq vo prlqooupe rrp<6ro yr' cru, d.

gr*_ t 6ff*u * Or rurr<opriveg lf{erg fiptorcryovrorr)dv. Or rreproo6TspssLJI' rLLb{'t6b' eivqr Ai{erg rq5 raOrlpreprvr;g prcr5 yl6ooag. Yndplouv, 6-FCDS, Kqr er6rxiS li{er5 nou trvrlrouv orrl yl<rtooo rrlg errrorrlprlS, or orrofegoro rco0qpeprvd pog heirlciyro eire 6ev e ;rgovi(ovr<rr rcrOdlou eire e prpovi(o-vror alld oqproivouv xdrr 6rocpoperrr<6.

To oXqporo 1-o Xprlorporror(ocxpe ylori nrorefoupe cirr prnoporiv, oe notrldgJ

LJt eLH*vsq"'neprnrdroers, vo obqyodv o'rrlv Korovdrlorl Kqr vo e i-vor firo e6yl<oro orrd prc-r oerpd trd{errrv, rrou 0o prrro-

podoope va e i lopre €rnorpdr€6oer yrcx rov i6ro oror5. Xprlorporrorqoo;legoroypcrqfeg, yr<popo6peq ror op r op dvou g rr ivcre g (orypocp r rr'1 g 0dtrovrogrrdvro vcr 0up((ou;re o116 rq piCI ro rorv6 o'rorXe io fi,]u 6rqrlEpvd dtreg rr5ov0pt6nrveg 6poorqprdrrlreq xor on6 rqv dtrlq rqv cvr.rndpplnrn 6uvor6rq-To rrls tixurls vo e rrppd(e I 1<opi5 trdyra yeyovdrcr rrou civrxr 66oxotro vq rr€-prypcrcporiv.Xpqorpronorqoope ror yeloroypccpieg. [1lorefou;re drr q ouvrincp€r1 rou oo-popori F€ 'ro cror€io eivqr dva yeyov6g rrol6 oqpavrrrc6. To lro6pop e(vql dvosoorepr<6 rcoprprdrr rq5 oopcp6Trlros, e ivcxr qurd fiou rq 6pooi(e l Kor poror-rirve r rqv orpu6dr<rrori rrlS.

r h * rry To neproodrepo orrd ro orjpfiotro rrou XplotHofior-'Jtr sutJpoAw' 4err-.,l, il";-;opoorrloouv rxvrfororxo rpuorxo pe-

ydOq eivor -ouvqOo5- oplrr<d {fvcrrv tri{e<ov r<or e ivcr ofpgcovo pe ro ovri-ororxo o6ppcllu rlou dlouv enrr<porqo€t orn prphrovpcxgio.

2. To 6r5oxrrr6 eyXerpi6ro rqg rpuorrcqg ouoretrei tvs an6 rc poqOqrrxd;ri-oq rrls 6r6oor<atrio5. Mdoo <1116 rtg oetri6eg rou fiopoL,ord(eror 16oo ro errr-orq;rovrx6 rrepreXdpevo (ivvoleg, dvvoreg/peyd0ri, piov'ilo, v6pror) 6oo ror q6rcr6rrqoio orro66pqoqs rou. Iqpe io ocperqpiog prnopr;ivo eivor yeyov6'ro o-rrd rrlv xuOqpreprvq 1raq q qrr6 'ro epyoorrlpro, crl.ld ror ororXeio orrd rqv r-oropio rcov errrorq pc6v.

O XOPOI KA O XPONO)

Page 9: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ErH emorrlyrl 61prcopytirsl H€ rc, yeyov6ra

6ntuq tva onin yri(trat p roipAa.AAAa 11 an'Aq ooootitpeoorl ytyovdrtov

6ev {vat emorrTyry6nwq tvaq outp6g ro6pAa 6u eivat onin.

H. Poincar6

Av 6c6ooupe orq Ouorx( Enrorqprl prc i,vvoro rrlorrirepq ofi' ou-r4v rrou errrrporei orlpepo, prroporipe vo nodpe 6rr yewqOqK€ orrlvetrtrr1vrrr1 l<oviq rov irro qrc6vo trprv orrd ro Xpror6. 'Hrcxv q enol(rrou o dvOpcotrog (.pa(e ro npc6ro, ioro5,, roopotroyrrd epor(proro,errrle rpodoe rrlv npc6rrl rop4 ovdpeoa orrl puOrr<4 Kor rrl troyrr<4orciq,rrl. Errp6r<erro yro pro rrpcryporrrq cvrcpoio evdvrro ortg 6etot-6arpovieg Kqr rrs ;ruOotroyrrig e{qyqoerg rou K6opou. 'Hrov n 6porrou rl Ouorr( rcor 11 (rrtrooocpfo {exrvofoov po(f yto vG 6rooXioouvoldxlrl pq oXe6dv'rr1v ellrlvr xq oplor 6111r o.

H tDuorxrl rr15 ellqvrrrlg oplordrqro<;, rrop6tro nou e r1e oov o-vrrreiptvo rq peldrr l rq5 g6oqg, ppfoxrrrcr notr6 paxprd orrd rr1o6yXpovq dvvoro rou 6pou. Kr surd l6yo rqg ouoroorrrqs ofiou-oiog pe066ou Kor rrpoKrrrc6v egoppoyciv rrou 14loporrqpr(ov.

To poorr<d yvc6propo rqg Ouorxqs F€ :-rl oriyXpovq iworo rou 6-pou eivar ry M60o6o5. H tDuorxrl eivcr rop:rd5 prrc eTravdoroorls fiou

{iorrooe ornv supofiaTxrl orirgq rov 17t crc6vo. Mro orrd rts Kot-vorop(eg fiou €F(poviorqrov ereiv4 rqv e'nop1 eivor 4 vdo Mi0o6og,q onoio orrerileoe ro qvqrrv€uorrrd of<rrrlpc rrls veoyiwqrq5 rd-re errrorqpls. Av ctrrlerprlooup€ vo neprypdrgoups rrl vfcr pi0o6orrpirrer rcarapldg vo rrlv Xopcrrqpiooups rr€rpo;rorrr<q. Tr orprpc656prorg ewoodpre ror rr 6ev ewoodpre drov )(pnorprofioroJpe ourdv rov

XcpoKrnprop6; Iov npc6ro prlpo npog rrlv ondvrqoq ;rnopo6;-re vorlorl;re 5rr 11 pi0o6og ouviororor oro vo Frrlv o6qyeioor o116 Oeotpiegocprlprlpdveg Kor rK rrpoorpriou ono6e rrig olld vo pooi(eror oro y€-yov6ro, vo Oeropeig 6r1lo6q, oov 6dorolo rrlv sprr€rpio. Av nsplopr-oro6pe, dp.S, p6vo o' our6 0o o6rrrloouprr ro rreprel6prevo rou d-pou rr€rpoFcrrr{ ;rd0o6og, nou ouppoiver vq eivor n}ouordrepo.l-lpovropcirvros fi€proo6repo rrpos ro xfvrpo rrurqg'rqg iworog 0orrp6rrer upc6ro vo dfiooogqviooupre rou5 d'pou5 rrcipc;ra Kqt fio-purrip4o4.

I

e

O XOPOI KAiO XPONOI

Page 10: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

h-o 0i;.ro qurci o pdtrog rou fqtrrtraiou unrlp€e xorotrurrrcig. Me

trrro yevfxeuorl, q onoio 6ev eivar rrdvro np,drrouoo olld peprri5qopis eivor e{unrlperrrq, pnopodpe vo nofpe 6rr ev6 nprv on6 rq

fofutrourrl errop; o epeuvrlrrls rrCIpornporioe rq gorv6pevo Kor rrlve{dfu{q rous ps ro pdrro ev6g Oeorr1, perd rov l-oh}oio q noporrl-pnon 1,r€rdrpdnrlre oe rre ipopro. O epeuvqrrig 6ev xd0eror onl<rtgvo rropqKolouOei rq cp6or1 vo prlder olld rcrr rrlv ovorp(vet. flofp-ver p' dtrtro tr6yro pro <ouvdvreu{r1> on6 rrlv rrpcryForrrdrqro. Aur6eivor ro rrpc6ro prlpo nou 0o ovoi{er ro 6pd;ro yrd rrl o6ylpovq c-vrfir1rp4 yro rrl Ouorxrg. To rreipopo, trorn6v r:ivor r1 rrpcryporonoiq-orl FroS epr6rrloqg rrou orreuOdveror fipos rrl Ouor1.

Atrld orrl pi0o6o yro rrlv orroio prtrdpe nriner vo ono6c6ooupercor fvc ord,;.ro XopoKrqpro'n16 rripo o116 ro nerpoprorrr(. Efvcr propd0o6og nooorrr{. To ipyo pog 6ev eivor qnld ror prdvo vo orprl-voupe rrlv nirpo Kdr vd 6ronrorr6voupe drr rrigrer. To dpyo ;rog ei-vor vo rofpvoupe ;rerpqoerg, Kor vo ene{epycr(6poor€ ouorqpcrrxddtro ro ;rqv6;.rcro nou nepriXovror prdoo o'ourdg.

YrrdpXer, 16lo9, ro (rgrrlpo rqg ylc6ooog. {) 6rdtroyog pe rq grjoqyiveror o€ pro er6rrrlylc6ooo 11 onoic rrepriXr.r iworeg Fs cfioooqq-vroprivrl o4pooicx Kot Xprlorporroref Kqr ro Mcr0qporrrd. H fiapGFd-rrr( nooorrrrl ;rd0o6og ror q yl<oooq Fs rrs iworeg Kor ro Mc0qpo-rrrd orroretrorjv ro poorrd XopcKrrlproT rrd rqg Ouorxqq.

H <err6vo> rrou 6eorrd(er orq govrooicr r<rlv ov0pr6rro)v/ fiG-pouord(er rq <Duorr<q errrorrlpq ocrv 6vs o0r,olo arrd yvrrroe rS rroucu{dvovrcr a6rdrorra Kol ouooarpeurrrd, rru:prrutrrypriveg prdoo oro

trr60o rou otrd0rlrou Kor rrls cn6trurqg eyrup6rqrog. TourdXpovoTrlv spgovf(er vo ovorrrdooe,or ove{dprrlro qrr<i'ro rorv<rlvrrdouppcivovro Kor vd arroretref orroxlerorrrd <cr prdvo ivov nopdyo-vro rrpo66ou rqv ov0pron6rqro5. Ag 6odpe r<dOr fva crr6 ourd ror<o;.r prdrro rrl g <er x6vog> {eXoprord.q. H Ouorx{ enrm{pq 6ev efvqr dvo orivolc' ond yvdroetg uoriv6r.re5. Avri;reod roug untipler rdnorc ouvol{1. Or yv<ioerg 6rontrdr<o-vrol/ ouox€r((ovtan,0e pretrrc6vovror rrdvor oe dtrIeg yvc6oe rg Kor o€r6ie5 yevrr6rspss, ouvOirouv ivc orro6riprqgro Xrropivo rrdv<o orr5rupicpleg avrrlrlrperg xd0e rorvcoviog ror rdt)e erroplg.

H roropio rcrrv Errrorrlpc6v pog 6r6dorer i,rr or €nrorrlpovrxig 0e-opie5 {rrco5 rar rdOe dllo cv0pc6firvo Kor({oxe6coprc- eivqr ovrd-rnr€S roroprr ig pe yivvqorl oxp{ ror rdtro_<; KGr p€ oupperoXq 6Xrp6vo oro ooror6 otrld ror oro ldOog. H nopeio rqg enror(;.rr1g 6evunrlp{e prro opolrl 6ro6trooiq rord rqv orrc(o q rorvodpyro yvc6orl

O XOPO: KAI O XPONO:

I

e

Page 11: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

cfild ouoo<lrp€u6Tcv rrdvo orrlv fiofu(i. H rpopd rrou 6rdyporjeror elorolouOrf vo 6rcrypdger q tDuorrcrl enror4;,rq pioo orqv roro-pfo rorv ov0pc6rrcov e ivor dvo rporvdprev<l nohj rrro o6v0ero, xordro onoio e prcpaviorqrov paOrd prlyporo r<or rotrpqpd5 onoppirl-rerg r-6ecirv nou eilov rrlv roXd rou o6roprrpropflrrlrou.p. H Ouorr{ enrorrip4 6ev uvarrrdoorr,ilr ove{riprrpo crnd rqv u-rrdlornq cv0p6nrvq 6paorqprrir4rc. A'niOero, orroretrt( yia ar6rrs Korv<rrvrKig rrporrrrig ror eivor ove{irqlo oqpo6e pdvq orrd rq

Hopq{ rrlg rorvovias orrlv onoio yewqOrlre rqr qvqrrrriX0qre. Irqodvroprrl oXerrrcd 6ro6poprq rqg en4pedornKt oMd ror enqpiooe d-treg rrg dtrleg ov0pc6nrveg rrporcrrrdg. l6rcrirepo orevq unr;pte r<or e-{ar<otrouOe f vo eivor n crxion rqs p€ rqv 'feXvrrq. H TrXvrxq -ror 6Xrpdvo ourr'1-- orrorele ( rdoo rqv rrpourrdOeoq 6oo Kcr rrl ouvdrrerorrlg Enrorr1prr15. f lpo0ndOeoq yrori q ovdnru{q rr lg Ouorrrlg d1e rrqv ovdyrq rq5 petrricrrorls r(l)v prioolv ipeuvcrg ror ouvine ru yror( 11TeXvrrrl, yro vo npolcoprloe r, lperd(eror ro oupfispdoporo ro)v t-fi rorrlpovl Kov avo(4rrjo€o)v.y. Trg releuroieg Sarcoerieg; or i6roi or errrurrlproveg ilouv oplioe r vorprrrrdpouv rqv errrorrlprl rd,oo o116 rr1 crronrd rns Xp(ong 6oo xcrrorrd rrlv dnoqq rqg ondtrurqg eyr<upd,rr1rog. Kprrrr<dpouv rlv €rrr-or4pn yro rrl crxioq rrls Fs rnv KorooKeurl rov rpoporrrrriv rrole-prr<6v drrtrcov rrou spqdviorqrov orov orcirvo pos Kor yro rr5 ouvd-fiass Trou enrcpipe r 11 oldyrorq Xp4oq rqs ornv Korcrol-po(p4 rourreprpdllovroq. Iro pero{ri q errrorqpq r,{orolouOef vo Xoporrrlpf-(nan ant6 pro uneppofurrl unepor{r(o rccxr omd pro rr(orq crrr5 6uvc-r6rqri5 rls vo a<poporr6oer ro odvolo rrlg yvr6orlg Kor vo errrpdlerqpcppds ntrcdoe<rlg> orqv i6ro FoS rn vdqorl Kor oro odvotro rourrofurroprof pog. Ko0<i5 rulodv ra Xp6vrrr q e{dprqoq proq o116 ou-rrlv yiver<rr oloivcx preyotrOrepr1. Aur6 F,rS 6rlFrroupye i rqv ovdyrcrlrouldXrorov vo e{orre r<oOoripre ;ro(f r45 6oo e ivor 6uvordv. Kr rilrpovrilc yro vo ;rri0oupe qlld ror yra vo o;l4poriooupe yvrilpq,6-<rrt vo r4v rpivoutrre. frorf ev<rr eivor orri,lurcr <ov0pc6rrrvo) vo FoS6rlproupye f 6io5 rc0c6g rrlv nopoKotrouOc,tipe vs oKopqclover rougyalo{ieg Kor vo r<ore poiver oro o'n}d1vo rou oroprrori rruprlvo rrn-6rc6r<ovrog vo oleSrdoe r ro rrpdooro T'nS fipoyporrK6rqrag, ogprlv {epd;re 6rr ocpe iloupe rourdxpovo vo rpordpc ondvovr( rq5prro ordoq xprrrrc4. E{dtrlou Kor ro np6oono rns lrpcryporrr6rqrogro orroio po5 npopdlAer oe rdOe enopl , E(van,6rr<oq e inopre, o6rd-rono ;reropoM6;revo Xcopfs rrord vq dlerrqv orrdlpcooq prrog otrq-0erog retrercrrpdvqg ror cxprerarivqr-q5.

O XOPOI KA]O XPONO:

Page 12: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

l \E.qJA/\

O X6po9. l-ltioo oniXer; o Mto rotvi povd6o pirpqoqg . H pirpnonor4v npd{q oAnd ro yrxpd oro peydlo o [oti; . IrrlYldooo rovMo0qporrrtilv o O XPdvoS. fldoo 6rapxef; o To 6errep<itrenro o fld-r€; . Pol6r xor Xpovdpevo o No 0upq0o6;rr o Ns ovop@r40oriFe e

Na ltiooupe npopfuiporo. Nroxoupdvro.

Page 13: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

O X6poSF",I looo on€x€uO yilpog Oeopeiror iwotq np<oropxlKrl. Aurd 0q net 611 6ev opi(e-rqr qrrd dMeg iwoteg. Mrropo6;re, 6JrrS, vo rov rorovotloouFs Pi-oq an6 rq ouvcioOqorl nou pc5 6qprotrpYef rl 6rcrpoperrrq e6or1

r<ov dvrrK€rpivtrlv. Tc ovrtxef;revo <ppioxt)vrql) oro 1<rtpo xot <orri-

Xouv) pero{6 roug. Tc rrp6ro epcorrlpor-o eivot: rrdoo crrdlouv;Korrrou ppioxowcr;

Ag 6odpe npcirra to (rpqpo rrlg orr6orooqS. fro vo 6<6ooupe o-ndvrrlorl oro epc6rrlpq rrdoo cnilouv [i6o auyd trou ppior<ovror

oro rporri(t, ereivo rrou Frropofpre vo rdvoupe eivqt vo unotroyloouF€ n6oeq goptq q pera{6 touS crrdotoorl eivor yeyoldreprl -r1prrp6repq- o116 rdnoto dtrlq on6oroorl- A4Ic6q vo perprlooupe'H dltrq on6orooq 0q eivot q povd6o per-pr1oeo5. Aurrl ynopei voeivar 11 orrdorooq rorv 66o drpcov ev65 protruptod, rrou 0a rq li;rep4xoS rou protrupro6.

Mnopodpe guorrd vo XPnorForrorrlooupe Kdl ro FiroS evdS ouv-6erqpo 11 xor rdrrorou dtrlou crvrtretpivou,, rrou rord rr1 6rordtcooqrou ouFTT€pdopcrog 0q ro avocpdpoupe. Ie ylcirooo peyotr6repr15cuorrlpdrqrcg ourd nou prerprloope qrov q ondorooq 66o oqpei-ov. Yrroloyioope 6r1lc6q 6rr ro rd6e orlptio rou ev65 cuyoti orrilet16oo prrlrrl ouv6errjpc o116 dva opropivo crrlpreio rou dMou ouyo6.

i Mro <Korvrl> pov66o p,erpqoecogOo prropo0oe o rqOdvos FCIS vc dXer rrlv'(fipooontrrl> tou povd6o

: perprioecog. Boorxig 6pcog cvdyr€S, fiou oXeti(ov'rol F€ rrlv olKovo-

, pio, oltrd Kor F€ rq yevrr6repn €rrlKolvo',rfq rolv ov0pc6rr<rrv, errt-

BdMouv ro ovriOero.r And rqv enoXq rov npc6rov perpqoeolv pilpr oqpepa 6treg ol

I rorv<ovrxdg opd6eg ovo(rlt4oov pro rorvrl l.rovd6a Yrq rrs perprloetg

; rou5. Movd6e5 rrou oXeti(ovrov pre ro ovOpcirntvo ocirpo Kol rrlv

i ovOp<onrvq rfv4orl Xprlorporlorq0qrov yro ;1fuerie5 otr6xlr1pe5, rrepi-

i trou qrroKlerortrd. To rrd6t, ro Bqpro, o ppuX(ovog irror{av ro p6tro

i tor5 pe 6rdgopeg ncpctrlaydg pioo o€ Pr{r troyrrr1, oro riv, po rqg

i orroias pprordrov o dv0porroS. Ol 'Etrlqve5, 6rr<115 gaiverot orov

O XOPOI KAIO XPONOI

Page 14: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ievogovro, XprlorpofioiqoovTov rrd6o, ro urd6ro, ro rrliOpo rorrov rropqodyyq, evt6 or Poproior ro pinr 611lo6r; rrlv on6oroorl rrouovrrororXodoe oe 1firo 6rrrtrd prlporo.

Mra npdroon o€ 6rocpoperrrrl troyrrrl dyLve o116 roug fdllougo'rr1 6e roerio rou 1 730. <No 0e<rlpqOei oov povd6o ro prlrog ev6g o-nlori e rrpepofg, ro onoio orov ronp€prvd,Xrunder ro 6eurep6le-rrro). H npdrooq, nou orrd Trl Fro {icpeuye orrd rqv av0porrore-vrprrrl ovrilqq4 rqr o116 rqv dllq 06pr(e rr1 oXiorl rou 1<6pou ;rerov lpdvo Kor rnv rivrloq, rrord 6ev uro0err'10r'1re.

H povd6o pdrpo p{roug (1m), nou Xpqorponorodpe orlprepo, [e-rivqoe ncltrr o116 roug fdtrlous orn 6eroeriq rou 1790 ror oXerr(d,-rqv Fs rrg rorvo6pre5 r6ieg rrou enrxpdrrloo\/ pre rr1 folfurq Enovd-oroorl. H pdorl yro rov oprop6 rrlg rorvo6pro5 rdre provd6oq (rov

ror r ld lr rrdpo orrd rov dvOpcrrrro. 'Hrqv q f6ro, I l -n. Hnpdrcorl 4rov vo prerpqOe f ro 16{o r:v6g peoqppprvo6 xor qvfo povd6o vo oprore i oov dvo ders,lrrccj xldopo our(g rqgon6orooqg. H povd6c nou rrpord0qre (rov ro ivq 6erdrrg€Kdroppuproord rq5 ondorooqg rc'u Bdpe rou l-ldtrou qrrd

rov forlpeprv6 ror ovo;rdorqxe ptrpo ;tr1rcoog. Mro errrrporrrlr115 E0voouvileuoqg ouyrpdrrloe pro ouvotrr14 np6rcxo4,nou rreprerls Kor rn provd6o Frd4oS (r1va XrfudypCIppo) Kor o-norslodoe ro leydpevo p*ptxd otiorrlpa povd6uv.

' To p€y€Bos rcDV ovnK€rFdvovO 6pog F4r<oS ovagdperor ouvq0a:g oe ivcr avrrreipevo. Yrrovoeirrlv orr6oroo4 611o oprop6volv oqpre i<rlv rou Kor po5 poqodet vo rr€-prypdrgoupe ro prdye06g rou

To prlro5 ev6g gep;.roudp eivor q poorxq ntrqpocpopio yra ro pri-ye0d5 rou. 'Orov, dpos, dvo5 onoupyfrr lg ovoi{er rrs gr€podyegrou, ro piyeOdg rou rr€prypdcperar 61r p6vo o116 ro dvorypd roug,olld ror crrd r4v orr6oroorl pdpcpoug-oupdg. Errdg orrd ro Firos,11 roOqpeprvq ytrc6ooo Xprlorponoref rr dtrtrrg trd{erg d,lro5 e ivsr rorrdxos, ro rrldro5, ro rirruog. Kd0e prio oprrlg o116 ourig 6ev u'novoeirirrore dtrlo an6 rqv crrSorooq ovdpeoo or: 66o oqpe io.

Irov yeorperprr<6 Xc6po ro piyeOog prog r:nrgdverag ergpd(erorpre ro e;rpo6dv rqg Kor ro pdyeOo5 ev6g yec.l;rerprrori oc6;rorog prerov dyro rou. Oq provd6o yrd rq girpqorl rou eppo6od 0ecoporipre i-vo rerpdycovo rrleupdg ev6g yfrpou (1m'?). fro rq pfrpqo4 rou d-

O XOPO: (AIO XPONO:

I

e

Page 15: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

yKou Xpqoprorrorodp€ ro ivq ruprxd prirpo 6r1la6( ivcv rdpo Fe oK-pr1 ev<ig pdrpou (1m').

H perpnon orrlv npo[qOdloupe vo perp(ooups rrS 6rorordoerq rq5 prptrroOrixrlgprcg. l-loipvoup€ Frto pe(odpo r<or prerpdpre upreocx. Kdrr ovd-troyo prropodpre vo rdvoupe yro irro orrdrrc6o lpqcrrpronorco-vros pro prerpororvfo. lra ro nirlog ev6q odpporoq 11 'yrcrrlv €o<rrrsprrrl 6rdperpo evd5 oo)l{vo lpero(dprore er6rrddpyovo, dnog yro rropdGerlpc ro 6roorrlpd;.rerpo.

Euvovrdpre pdporc rcor rrotrtrd5 neprrrrooers orrs orroieg6ev e ivor 6uvordv va yerpqooupr: dpeoo, orrdre rororped-

youFe oe ;re0d6oug dprpreoeg, <rrr5 onoieq exrcig on'6 rr1 yeorperpiaKor rrlv rpryovoF€rpio prroporiv vo poq ef,unqperiloouv Kdr or v6porrq5 cpuorxrlS.

Ano rq HrKpd orcl peycrtroXinro pdtpu pdg xdvouv dva Xrlrdprerpo (1km), evr6 ro yhoor6 rouprirpou ouprpoli(erqr l rnm Kor ro e xqroorri 1 cm. H rdiporcoi orrci'romm pdlpr ro km pnopeivcx neprypdqr€r rK,rvo'lrorqrrxd onocldoerq

I

rar 6rqordo€rS ovrrKtrpdvr.rrv rrdvco olrl fq. Mro oetri6cx 13rptriou dXerndxoS 0,1 mnt, ro 6qog rtov crv0pc6nolv ei'rqr rrirrou evdprroq pre 6uo

;rirpa, evc6 rq ro{i6ra prcg yivovrcr oe orrc,ordosrs rlou prerprodvrorye Xtrrdperpo.

'Io pdyeoog dptrrq ro)v prKpordrcuv ur6p<ov eivor 6ri-orolo vo yiver ovrrtrqnrd. H 6ldperpds rous eivqr rdnou '10"'o mmrsr 6ev eivor qrrtr6 va rcorovoqoorJf.r€ rr orlpoiver crrrr6 ro vodpepo.Avdloyq o;rqXovia oroOovri;.roore prnpoo'rd oro pdye0og rqg fr1g. Ooprropo6oe, iocog, vcr pag poqeqoer 11 o6vr,.pro4 pe xdnoro piyeOog

O XOPOI KAIO XPONO:

Page 16: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rrou FcS e ivsr orreio. 'Evo ypdppo rqg cielf6o<; rou prpliou cxur-of r(-vor 10.000.000.000 qopds peyotrdrrpo -rcrd rr1 pio rou Srdo'roor1-anCi tr1 8rdprerpo tou <rrdprou, evc6 rcrur cixpovcx e ivtr 10.000.000"000qopds prrprirepo orrd rr1 6rdperpo rns t-ns.

To d'ro1'lo, ro ypdpr;ro rqg oetri6oq, o dv05rcrlnos, rl Msydlrl l-lu-papi6o, 11 fq. l-iverar dror cpovepd ndc.ro oXerrrq eivcrr prio er<ripr1or1rdoo 1'ro ro peyolo, <joo rcrr "t,-ru ro prrpo.

Ag o'noprcrxpuvOor,rpe ,j;-rrrlq yto }tl,o '.ot

anri rt1 [q. Erircrr yv<rlurdrrur5 rl npcrlyoi'rprevrl ysvrri ro r<ordcpepe . C)r 5rcrordoe rS E5c6 rivcrr-roero pcxprd clrrd rr5 xcOrlpeprvdg e p'risrprfcs LGS, rrou or orrorclr6(-' r rors opt01;of 6ev errcpxoriv o1'o vrr rrS KcJr(xvoqcroupre . ' iooq 8opog poq0oLio€ ro vo <prrd{oupe F€ 1n qcrvrooio ;roq dvcr 1:ovrdlouprr<prjvovrix5 ro rr),ovq-rrxd o6o'rr1prc. Iro provrdAo crurd urrd xlf-puxcr l : '1 0 ' ' o 'Hfuo5 e ivsr dvo r6nr pre 6rdpelpo 14 er<cr loor.-x. IE s-rrciorooq 10 per-ptov ocrv lvq r<ecprilr ropqir-orr5 rreprcprlperor yrip<lrou q fq. O Aicxg eivur ivrr r<rprior orcx 78 pdrpcr orrdorcror; Ev'-r-r t-rrele urcxiog cr.nd rouq EVVro nlcrvqrrq, o fllotiro)vos, p;ricrr<er<rr

Page 17: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

8

7

5

2

t

ABI 'AEZI lE

ABI-A Ez, l - {E

590 pirpo prorprd.H 6lq err6vo orpqver pro cioOr1or1 <eprlprdg>. H oio0qorl evroXde-

ror, ov Oetrrlooupe vo ovo(rlrrloouF€ rrp'en6prevq prKp4 pndtro. Ef-vor ro Algo rou Kev'rufpou os on6orrxoq 4.300 pfu6perpo o116rrlv KsvrprKq <pndlo> rqg 6rrqg ;.rog ye rrovrdg.

To ovrrxeipevo ppiorovror oro X6po. K<r0ivq o116 ourd ppioxerorxdnou.

fto vo neprypdq,rooVE nou ppioxerat 6vo ye trovt16 prog ovrrreipre-vo, oplrxd enrorpare6oupe ro rpio yvroord (euydprc (o) prnpog-rrfoo (9) rrdvo-rdrco rqr (y) 6e{rd-oprorepd. Ko0ivo srr6 ro (eu-ydpro ovrrororlef Kqr o€ prro rore60uvorl. Ko0c6g rroporotrou0ofpreivc ipyo oro Odorpo, rrdvo oprorepd rpiperor pio trdpno, prrpos6e{rd ppior<eror rc6po o rrporcrycDvror4(; evc6 orprp<69 nio<o FCIS d-vo5 m<6po 0eorr15 noporolouOef opilrlrog. I' ourrg r4v neprypogrlo ecurdg prog cnoreleiro orior4po ovagoprig.

frcx rov orcprp( evrorrropd prrrg Oior1g qrrorrodvror 66orrtr4pogop(e5, ecp6oov eivor 6e,5opivo 6rr ro ovrrrefpev6pog ppioreror os pio oproprivq enrgdvero. H 0ior1 rou pro6-pou poortrrd ndvco orq ororrdp(r rou olqporog npoo6ropi-(eror pe fvo ypdp;ra, ro O, rrxr ivov cxpr0prd, ro 5, o d-ofipos poortrrdg ppi'oreror orrl ()ior1 <26> xor orrl <O4> roporjpo dloyo.

Iro prptrio roo [1epi Me0d6ou A6yog o Kopriorog (1596-1650) nopouoiqoe rqv r6io drr <dvo (eriyo5 opr0prc6v prno-pef vo npoo6ropioer rq odoq ev6g oqpeiou rrdvrrr os pro €ril-

gdvero>. Or 66o ouroi crprO;roi 0o qvrr,frorlo6v orrg nrroorrioe rgrou or;peiou on6 66o d{oveg. Ouorrd yru rov 1t6po rov rprc6v 6ro-ordoeolv, or oprOpo( 0q eivor rpe rg, 6oeg ror or uvriororx€S orroord-oer5 arrd rpic errirre6o.

O Charles Singer cxvogepd;revos orrs {ruve4KsS rrou o6rlyqocxv rqorirpq rou KopTiorou o'ourq rqv evre trc6g r<cxrvodpyra r6ia, ypd-<pcu <EarrAupivoq, oro rcptpdn rou, 6ncoq ouvrl1t(e, rcparqpo6oepn p6ya nou rtraye pi.oa oro 6<uydno. Ava(qrdvrac, tvsv rp6roy€ rov onoio Oa ynopotioe vd npoo\rcpi(et rq 1€oq rr:.9 oe rcd}eorrypry, ouv€Aape rrlv 6€a dn q O€or7 r4<: lttiycq Oa pnopotjoe va 6i-vEral pE rpe6 aptoyo1q. hq rpltc, drroot-doeg an6 ra urhre6a, ruv

KAiO XPONOI

flou;

I

e

O XOPO:

Page 18: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

66o npooxeipev<uv roiytuv Kcr ro erineio rou rapavtoti>>.H r6dq erle oopcpti ovrirrurro. Avorye ro 6p6po yrq vo rrepdoer

11 ivvoto rqg rfvr loqg o' dvo X6po yett lp€rprK6. Ir ;pepo, yrq vonpoo6ropiooup€ rrl Oioq ev6g oq;.reiou orov ;56po, lpqor;.ronoroUpreivo rproopOoycbvro orlorqpc c{6volv 11 fvo olr0oyc6vro o6o111p"., 6-rsv ro orlpeio ppioreror 6ropxc6g oe ivo p6vo errirre6o.

Itn ytrcbooo ro>v poBnponKovftq vo rrpoo6ropioouFt€ F€ crpiperc ro nou Ff,ioxerqt tva avrtx{1te_vo ocpeiXoup€ vq qvrtKpiooupre rov 1c6po F€ rc,v rp6no nou rov phf_rrer 11 fecoperpio. Or iwore5, orlprefo, euOeio r<qr errirre6o ;.rdg eivor6r1ro6q onopoirqreg. rrq ylcOooc rolv paOrlporrx<ov prroporipe vcrrpoo6ropiooul.rs rrs Oioerg cvrrrerpiv<rrv ro)v orroirov or 6roordoerg

1. I4yelorri ovnrei;revo rrdvor oe pic eu0eiqYrro0irou;re 6rr ivq cvrrreipevo ppioreror 6rcrprc6g ndvo: or4v i6roeuOeiq orrlv orroio 6ivoupe ro <ivo1.ro AB. fld',,or orqv euOe io ourrlpnoporipe vo rrvrl0o6pre eire o116 ro A rrpo5 ro B eire qvriOerq. Avrr1 yio crrd rrg 6rio r<oreu06voer5 rq 0eo:pr1o.upe, ouOoip€ro/ oovOerrrrl Kqt rqv rrcrpcorrloouF€ p€ dvc pilog, ldpe 6rl q eu0e io eivorTrpooqvorotrropivq. To nou ppioxerat ro orlFrroxd, pc5 ovrrxefpevo-qS ro ovo;.rdooupre M- 0o npoo6topi(erqr on6 rrl ouvr€roypivnrou (yecoperplxori) oqpreiou oro orroio ppiore'ror ro ovrrxeipevo. Houv ercrypivrl curr] ovopd(eror Odo4 rou cvrrxerpivou rcr ouprpo_li(e or pe ro ypdppo x.

AMRx'

--To x 0q eivor 0errx6 ov ro qvrrKefprevo ppicxerar oe orlpeio rou

Oerrro6 rlpld{ovo Kqr opvqrrK6 orrlv cvri0erq rrepinrooq. O d€o_vo5 x' Ox qrroretref ro orjorrlpq qvoqopdg yro 14 Oioq ro)v ovrt-rerpdvcov nou ppiorovror 6rapxc6g rrdvo rou.

To x 0o eivor Oerrrd ov ro ovrrKefpevo ppforeror oe olpefo rou

O XOPO: KAIO XPONO:

I

e

Page 19: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Oerrrco6 rlprd{ovo Kqr opvlrrKd orrlv ovriOerrl rrepinr<oo4. O d€o-vog x' Ox orroretref ro o6orqpq ovogopdg yro rq 0dor1 ro)v qvrr-

xerpiv<ov rrou ppiorovror 6ropr<o5 rrdv<r: rou.

2. Iqgercrri cvrrreipevo ndvtrr oe dvq errfne6oYno0iroupe rcdpcr 6rr ro ovrrreipevo N{ ppioreror 6roprog rrdvororrlv i6ro enine6q enrrpdve ro. frq vq rrlroo6ropfooup€ ro nou ppi-

oK€rst lperc(6poore ndvro fvcr o6orq1.ro cxvagopdg. Ano6eXdpa-ors rrlv np6rooq rou Koprdotou Kdr 0r:o-rpodpre 66o d[ove5 xdOe-roug pero{6 roug pre r<orvrl opx{ O. Tov x' Ox Kqr rov y'Oy. And rooqpeio nou ppioreror ro M gfpvoupre lr5 rd0er€S orous 66o d€o-v€S fior) roug ripvouv ovriororXo oro orlpreio l-l r<or P.

H cruvrcroypivq x rou orlpreiou fl (ovopd4erqr

rerp4pivq rou M) Korr rl ouvrtrcrypfvq y rou oq-prefou P (ovoprd(erorreraypdvq rou M), Oeopori-peveg rord rq 6rdroi;r1 (x,y), liyovrqr ouvrercry-privcg rou M oro o0ori'1po o{dvorv xOy. To M,lorrrdv npoo6ropf(ercxr crr6 rrg 6rio ouvreroypd-vrs Tou/ yr'cur6 rcr ypd<poupe M(x, y),Or tjdcl d{ove5 x'Ox rqr y'Oy orrore}odv dvo op-Ooycivr o ( Kopr€or ovti> o6orq po crvccpopdg xOy.'Ooo yro rrs ouvr€Tqyprive5 x Kor y, iXer errrxpa-rrjoe r vo loporrqpf(,f,vror Kqprroroviq.

O XOPOI KA O XPONOI

I

h

e

Page 20: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Kat o ypdvogy.\6rr4S rusv av)p<bruvrapdgopoc,

O6uoodo5 Eldrqg

Anci 6le5 rS dvvorss rrls guorKrls o Xpdvos e;r<gov((ercr oux/6rspqrdoo orq oriq.rq pog doo Kor oro roOqpreprvd pra5 le{rl6yrq. H dv-vorc Xpclvoq eivor xor ou'r'q npcrrroplxrl. A4proupyeiror on6 rl ou-voio0rlorl rrlq 6ro6o1'19 r<ov yeyovdrov. To p,rorrd epolrqporo e6c6eivcrr ro n6rt; Ksr ro rnioo 6raprei; To vo orrovr{ooupe oro npc6-ro crrlpoive r vo npoo6ropioou;re pru lpovrr{ qnyFri evri ro 6e6re-po tros pd(er va perpriooups Frc Xpovrr{ drriprera. H i6ro n lpotr-porrr4 rq5 yk6ooos pos Xpnorponore( rov Ariproro yrc rdrt rrou i-yrv€ o€ Kqfiors orryprrl Kor rov l-lcxporo'rrr5'yro rdrr rrou ytv6rov.'Ooo yro ro peltrodpr€vo vo ouppodv, 6ro0irr:r ndtrr 66o <lpdvoug>rrou evc6 6rorurr<bvovror Kor or 6uo pe ro 0o, ov'rr6rqordtrtrouv rrpd-

{,er5, 6rriog ro Oa rcond{u-r yra pro orrypq crrd ro Oa xotrd(tn erri ptaopropdvq lpovrrrj 6rdprero. Ag 6o6;re dpog rrprirro ro (qrqpCI rqspirprloq5 prqs XpovrKrl5 6rdprerog.

- l t t \ ,I looo otoPKet;Ko0trlg evqtrrrr<ov6pore, ypqyopo {irorpivoul-r€ orov Xp6r,o ro 6rjopoorrri rou 1v<opioparo. An6 rrl pro 6rr xulder oorcrpdrrlrq oov d-vo rrordpr Xropfs enrorpogrl xqr crn6 rqv dtrIq drr q porl rou o€noltrd <porvdpevo yfveror pe pu0podg (porvol.r€vrKrlg <rovovr16rq-ro9. H ovordrloron rcrlv enoXriv, rrou ouver6qrorroirloe o npdyo-v6g pa5 o116 r6re rrou dpXroe vc yiveror yeulpy65, eivor ivog otrdroug poor<dr€pous pu0po6g o onoio5 enrlped(er oqprcvrrrd rr1 4co4orov ntravqrn FdS. Iro pera{6 rrol6 vopirepu eile yiver ovrrtrrlnrcidrr q epcpdvrorl rou qtrrou rcord rrlv auyrl ncrpouord(er Fro ordporavovrrdrqro. Mro o116 rrg np6reg oycov(r i5 rou poKprvod pognpoy6vou {rav <vo eloo<potrioer> 6rr or lpovrroi puOpof 0c ouveli-(ovrov ovolloi<oror ror 6rr or ouydg Kor or sfioxdg 0o {ovdpxovrovpe orcOrporig puOpofg, ordprc Kr ov or cryproK€poorig ouviparve vaopyrloouv vo qvOioouv rdnoro dvor{,q.

I

e

O XOPOI i A () vPOhOI

Page 21: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

/Tt NAnet yatJ€tz!6INAI NANCANO€NA

I

h

e

'Olo ro gorv6pevo, rrou €fiovqtropfidvovror pre ovatrtroicorou5puOpodg, ro lipe rrepro6rr<d Kor rq Xpovrrcq 6rdprero, rrou onorrei-ror yro r<dOe enovdtrnqn, rr1 tripe nepio,6o. H nepio6o5 eivqr oror-

1e io rourdrnros evd,g rrepro6rr<o6 rporvoprdvou. 'Evo dtrtro pdye0og,fiou fi€prypdger rqv rrepro6rr6rrlrd Ft rrvriorporpq loyrrrl, e ivor qoulvrirrlro. MoS ntrqpogope f yrc ro ndoe5 qopis eucxvclo;rpdve-ror ro rporvdprevo oe pio ;.rovd6o 1p6vou. Opi(ercr cog nr;trfro rou G-prOpoti rcDv €rTqvotrqgeolv oe oproprdvo yp6vo (6rdprercx) rrpos rov

lpdvo cur6.'Evo orroro6rlrrore rrepro6rr<5 rporv6pevo, 6rrcog or pe'ropolig oro

oupdvro orepdopo, or pu0proi rou ovOprbfirvou oc6poroq, 11 rivqorlrou €KKpspo6g rar ro d6eroopo trls r<h:r.,trrj6pog, pnopodpe vo ro

XpqorFonorqooupre yrcx vq rnrvoqooul.re pio povd6o 1p6vou Kdr voperpryoou;re pro lpovrrq 6rdprerc. Mrrolrodpre, yro nopd6erypo, voprerprlooupe 6rr pro 6rocprlprroq orr;v rrlle6pooq 6rrlpreoe 11 oquy-

FofS 4 drr ro croovodp yrd vo cprdoe r orov riropro dpogo lperd-orql(s orrri nlrlperg cr<opr1oer5 ev55 err6repori5.

; To 6eurep6trenroH ;rovd6o perpqoeog nou Xprlorponoref q ernorrlpq yro rrl Xpovrrcrl6rdprero eivor ro dvu 8eurepdilsrrro (1 s,r, rrou {erivqoe oov fvo ou-

I yK€Kprltivo rldopo rou rlp€povulriou. C)r Bopulc6vror pdOove roug, 'Ellqveg vo 4opi(ouv ro Xp6vo, oe ioo 6roorrlporo. H 6rofpeoq ou-

rr1 rripooe o116 roug'Eltrr;veg orous d)"troug euporrroirorl5loofg.r Iro pero{6, q troyrrq rqg 6rofpeons o€ (;0 r<or 6Xr oe 6iro 11 oe rd-I fioro dllo 6exo6rrd rroMqrrtrdoro 6rioXro€ rous or<6veg ovolloirorq, ror igraoe pilprg epdg. Iuveli(oupe vor urro6rorpodpe rqv <rlpo oe

50 rrpciro Aerrrd (rnin) ror rdOe npciro,\enrd' oe 60 6e urepdlenrc.Eg6oov 11 qpipo €yet24 6prs, ro 1 s eivcxr ioo pe ro 1/86.400

O XOPOI KA O XPONO:

Page 22: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rns qpdpqs. Iro 1820 pio errrrponrl l-dtrlov enrorqpdv<rlv npdT e r-ve vo unotroyroreio pdoog dpog 6rdpr<sros pros pdpos oe 6lo ro d-ros Kor vo oprore(ro 1 s oov ro rldopa 1|86.400 rr15 pioqg 4fuo-r4g pdpog rrou 0s rrpordrrtre r. O vdog ourdg oproprdg 6rcrrrlp(0qrerrdvcrr qrrd fvov orc6vo. To 1964 orq Ao6dr<rrrr1 fevr14 Iuv6rdorce-r.,trq Mdrpcuv r<or lro0;.rc6v fiou iyrve oro l-lo6rior dvo5 vdog opropdgyro ro 6eutep6trerrro, rrou poof(erar oro oroprK6 poldr rotoiou,u r oOerq0 11 re rrpoocoprvd.

t-t ,I tore;'Orov pog poro6v nr5re; poq (r1ro6v vo np,ro6ropiooupe rdrroro

lpovrrq orr;r11. Evr i 11 orrdvrr loq oro epc6rr lps, nou;Xpe rd(erorrper5 opr0po6g (orr1 yevrr<q repinrcr:or1), o rrpoo6roprop65 roo n6re

fler ovdyr<q orrd pio p6vo rrprq. Trlv rrprl rqg lpovrrqg 6rdpxerog, 11

orroio nopeprpdtrtreror ovdpeoo or pio 1povrr,4 orryprl,'nou dloupeouprprovrloer vo e ivor op1r1 r<rlv lpdv<r;v, Kor rrl Xpovrrq orryp4 nou0itroupe vo rrpoo6ropiooupe. 'Orqv ororjyeror oro po6r6rpovo o[rpoFi.trd6crq 17.00, unovoeirqr 5r dler nopepplqOeiXpovrxrl 6rdpr<ero17 .e,p6v o116 rrl lpovrrrl orryp{, rrou ldyeror preodvuyro. To preod-vuxrd Oecopodvror opx{ rrov lp6vcrlv yro rov rrpoo6ropro;rd r<d0e

orrypq5 orq 6rdprcero rou aKoorrarpac6pou.Evvoeirsr drr yrcx rrlv fi€rpoporrrrl preldrrl r:v6g rporvo;rivou prro-

po6pe vo Oeoporipr oov op1( lpdvrr lv pro of iorcrErlnore Xpovrrr lorryprl, rqv orrofo 0o errrli{ou;re ouOcipero.

H Xpovrr<r1 orryp4 ouppoli(er.or p€ ro yp6rppo t, evc6 q Xpovrxq6rdprero ovdpeoc oe 6rio orryprd5 t, ror t, ouppoli(eror pe At, SrrouAt: tz-tr .

Potror Kor Xpov6perpo'Evo Xpov6perpo leprof pdg eivor onopoirqro yro rrlv rr€rpopo-

rr<q pelirq r4g rcivrlorlg prdoa oro epyoorqpro. To lpovdprerpo;.rnopci vq 6c6oe r orrdvrqoq ;rdvo oro e p6rr1;ro 16oo 6tcp-rcti;

To qfucxrcd poldr, 6p<rrs, e ivor io<rr5, r'o rrpc6ro poldl r4g r-oropfog rar gciverar vo ler<ivqoe arrd rou5 Baputrcirvroug

2.500 lpdvro rrprv c'nd oqprepo. 'Hrov rivc r-prycrrvrr<6 oi6epo

O XOPOi KAIO XPONOI

I

e

Page 23: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

or€pscrrpivo KdroK6pugq fidvto oro i6rfgoc,, (.rot rrou, 6rcv o q-Irog 6rdypoq€ rnv rpopd rou orov oul)dvd, 11 orrd rou rrvrdrcrvoov 6efrrqg rcr i6erlve rqv cirpo. llovdp,Xcro po].6r eivor xor q xle-r.,l.r66po, dvc dpyovo, rrou i6erXve ro rrrlpoopd rou Xpd,vou prc rr1poq (pioo o116 pro prrcpq rprjrrq) vepod r1 dppou on6 dvo 6oyeio o'fvq dllo.H lerroupyio rrlg orqpf(eror orrlv rroprr6oXq drl foeq noo6rqre5vepo6 { dppou lperd(ovr<x ioou5 Xprivor-g yrq vo nepdoouv cnd'rrlprrprl rpdno.To prrlXovrrd poldyrcx dxqvov rqv e prpcivrorl roug orqv Eupc6nq 14orcirveq perd rov Xprord,. A6o orrirveg cxp,ydrepo e;rrpcv(orqrcov Kolro polciyro n,\cxrrdg rorqvdtroorlg ronoOerqpivo orous roilougKor oro rcptovoprd. H rorcoreurl ev<i<; pqlcvrr<od potroyrod, rroupuOprr(d'rov on6 e rr<peprdg, npcryporono r10r1re yru npc6rq rpopo ro1657 o,tr6 rov Oltrov6d Christ iaan Huyl;ens (Kpionov X6ryEvS). O

1p6vog dploe vo perpriror pre preyahirellq or<pipero.

-h

e

O XOPOI KAIO XPONO:

Page 24: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

1.1. H dworq yupoq,:c) opf(eror and dhleg ivvotegp) yiveror roravorlrq o116 rr1 ouvaioOrl-on TTou 6qproupyef oe 6lou5 pcrq q 6ro-rpopd 0ioq5 rov cvrtre tpiv<ovMe rroro qrr6 ourd oupgorveite;

1.2. Tr rdvoupe yro vo npoo6ropfoou;re16oo atr(Xouv 66o cvrtreipevo;

1.3. flou Baoiorqrov rcrrd ro ncpel-06v or ovOp<i:nrveg rotvovieg yro vo 6q-prroupyrloouv rotvd5 povd6eg yrcr rr1 ;.ri-Tprlon rcov orroordoerrrv;

1.4. I-1c69 opiorq<e yro npc6rrl qopd npovd{io 1t i.rpo p rlxoug;

1.5. Ie rr 6rc<pfpouv ot ivvoteg y4rcosrat anr6orao4;

1.6. Av o;rrrpfvoupe ro I t ipnov10.000.000.000 <popigc) O'Htrrog 0q e ivqr osv ivq r6rn 6rq-pirpou 14 eroroorcbv.p) H l-rl 0o eivar ocxv ivo repdor rrou 0qrreprgdpercr oe qrr<ioroorl 10 pdrporvcrrr6 ro rdtrr.y) O l-llodrcov 0c neprcpiperat oe crrS-orqon 590 prdrp<ov orrd ro r6rrr-'Hfuo.6) Av ro <r6nr-'Hlrog> ppforeror ornvO;ldvorc, o rno Kovrrvdq 'Hlro5, roAkpo rou Kevrodpou, 0a ppioreror oecrrcio'rcxoq doo 11 arr6orooq A0qvog-Oeooolovirrlq.

Me norq qrr<i qurd ouyg<ovtire;

1.7.H 0doq evd5 oq;reiou oe iva err(nt6oa) ripooEropi(erar p6r'o c,:5 npo5 rd-rroro odorqpo o'rogopti5.p) co5 rrpoS rdnoto odorrlpa avogopdgnpoo6ropf(erot ecp6oov 6o0o6v rpergroutrdXr orov rrlrl porpopfe g.y) npoo6ropf(er<r pdoer prog r6foq 11 o-rroic yro npcirrrl gopd 6rc'runr60qre c-rr<i rov Koprioro.Me rrcrq qrr6 ourd ouprcpcr;veire;

1.8. Tr orlpciver 1 gpdon <H eiorl ev6qorlpe raxod ovrrrcetpdvou efvot opvr lrr-Krlr;

1.9. flrrlg y(veror rarcvoqrq q fvvotcyp6vo9 orrd rov,iv0p<ono;

1.10. Tr evvoorl;rr: triyovrog 6rr 16oo ro1m 5oo Kqr ro 1s oXerf(ovror pre 'rr1 fr1;

1.'l1. Ilcog npoo{iropi(eror ro ndre *tigyeyov6rog;

lta cvcpurat$o6pe...

1.1 2. To 1 mm e(v,:r iva Xrtrroord rou pri-rpou. To 1pm eivrrr ro dvq €Koroppupro-o16 rou pirpou. l-16oq mm e(vor q 6rd-

;rsrpos evdg roroordptrou; l-'16oo ;rmeivar I orrivo rn.; frls;

1.13. l-l6oa rerpcryovtrd pirpc eivqt ro

Page 25: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ndrcopc rns rdqns o0S; n600lirpc ve-po6lopdve orrlv rd{q oo5;

1.14. To ivo 1166r, ro prryr<og e rrpe po6grrou lrurrder ro 6eurepdlerrra, ro pi-rpo prlrou5 rrou rrpord0rlxe orrd-rougl-dllou5 orrl bercnerfo rou 1290 Kcxr ropdrpo pqrcoug dncr;5 opiorrp<e orq Are-0vr1 Iuvdleuorl rou 1960 (6€5 ro oxsrr-rd vroxoul,rivro) eivot riooeprg ;rovd6eg;rqroug. Iu(rlrqore yro rrl loyrrcrl rrdvoorrlv onofc pooiorqrt o oproprd,g r<dOeprcg cnd ouri5.

1.1 5. f1doe5 rrlqpogopieg lperci(ovroryro v0 npoo6roprore i q 0ioq:o) pro5 e{olfpprag; p) ev65 rpivou; y)evdg efurorrrdpou;

1.16. Av 11 Odoq ev65 orlperaro6 ov'rrrer-prdvou eivqr +7 cm, r6-re 11 0dor1 ev6gdtrlou rrou orrdler art6 qur6 10 erqro-ord 0o eivqr:-3 cm17 cm-7 cmNa oqperc6oere I (o<oo16) 4 A (ld0oS)Kqr vs 6rr<oroloy(o€r€ rrlv orrdvrrloq.1.17. Na avcrpfpere rpia rre pro6rrd<pcrvdpevo rttlv ofioitrlv yvclpi(ere rqvrrepio6o. ilorq eivqr q rrepio6og raOevdgo116 ourd;

1.18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . evd5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gor-vo;.rivou triyeror ro rrqliro rou opr0po6r<lv enovclrlrprov oe oproprivo Xpdvo'rrpos rov lptlvo our5, evcr-levdg nopdpolou (pcrvol-rdvou ldyeror oetrdXroro5 lpdvog o orrorrodpr$/oS yropro errcvdlqq-rr1. 'Eror, cxv dvq rrepro6rrd<porv6prevo errovalcppdve -rqr xd0e 4Eeurepdlerrrq rl ........... 'rou 0oeivor 4 6eurep6lenrc, evdr q ouprdrqrdrou 0q e ivqr . . . . . . . . . . . Io5 (r1ro6;re

vo oupnlrlpc6oere rc revd.

1.19. frq rrore5 ctrri rrg ropardro spo-rqoer5 q ondvrqoq ovo<pdperor o€ Xpo-vrrr l orrypr l ror yro . rTor€s oe lpovrxr l6r<ipr<ero;a) l-kloo rroAr6 eivar ro orrfrr oclu;p) I-l6re opl1f(er ro pGrS orrlv rqtredpc-on;y) I16oeg <i1teg rdverg pd0rlpo rqv qpi-pc{;6) Tr <rrpq ipXeror ro rpivo;

No lfooupe npop]ripsts

1.2O. t' dvo pol6r rou ro(1ou o lerrro-6efr<rr1g iler prrlrog 30 cm xor o opo6ei-r<rr15 20 crr . Arotr6€re dvo rccrdl l4loopgoyc6vro'rriorqpo o{6v<ov Kor rrpoo-6ropiore rrg 0ioerg rorv drpcov rrov 66o6errrc6v drcrv ro pol6r 6e iXver rlrr q c6pce ivor 10 orcp rpc65.

1.21. Tper5 po0r1ri5 rrerpcpori(ovror p€ivo rrpdXer6ro e rxpepdg. O dvog crr6 qu-rotlq cppovr ((er vo rrpoyporofioro6vroror orclpqotrg rou €KKp€Horiq, evc6 or dl-t ror 66o rrs Xpovopsrpodv. O np<6rog6ro0ire r 1prv6;.rerpo ror ppiorer 6rr roerrpepdg rirver 30 6eurep6trenro yro 20or<opqoe15. O 6e6re po5, XCDp|S potr<ir ,ppior<er 6rryra rrg 80 orcopr'1oerg rou €K-r<pepo6g ;rdr"pqoe 1 20 o<puypori5.q) rrorq e f i ,or q nepfo6o5 rou €KKps-Fo6s;P) noro e iv<xr 11 nepio6og rorv ocpuypc6vrou ;rcxOr1rr1;

O XOPO: KAlO XPONOI

I

e

Page 26: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Tov 1Bo st<bvct ong 6dEo-peg teptoXic, rrl,9 EuptamySe{crcoAou)oloe vct urdp-

X€r pts. lttydAq notrcrAid,ctnq povdieq pttrprloe<aq qoroia 6uorc6Aeue 16oo ng6reOveig ot rcov o p t rct c, oy(.-oetc,6oo Kat rq o1yrcprcqr usv arortAeo p d,ruv rrovEril or rl Lt ov t Ktbv t. p t uv <itv.

Tqv ntpio\o rqg faAfu-nj C Err av do rao 11 s €txiv r1o e

St n o uAAoyxq rpoond,)erupe oxor6 rrlv xa,iltputoryxorvrir l;ovdSov rou 0a i-oxudv <ryru 6Aoug rouq Aa-o6q xctt ot SAouq roug Kqt-po6q>. Lra 1 791 ye arr6-

Eaoq rrlc, faAfurcr1q E)vo-o ov i.Ae uo q c q Arca6 11 p iaErrcrqputv 6prct. pru ent-r pomy anor tAorj y ev 11 ctr6enorqpov eg -p era{6 r<uvonoiutv rlrav o Laplace xato Lagrange- va ptAtrrlat.rro np6pArlpcx r@v np6ru-ru-tv yovdSuv. Lro (ryrr1parqc, povd\ag yrlrcoug 11 d-lroptl rrau E'rrrKpdrrToeorrlv €rrffponr1 r[av <q po-vct6a pqxouq va eivat ave-€dpr r1r q sr6 otro t o6 qnor edAAo ptye)oq rco,t va paoi-(trat oe pru Euotrcq ora1epd>, Sruq ro p4xoq roo yqtvou peo,Tltpprvoi. Mia tr6xr1 a-rooroArl av€Actpe vc yerpqotr rqv cn6oraor\ Aouvrci.prcqq-BrxpxtA<bvq9 rrdvu o'rovyrltvo peorlyppw6 noo nepvd,tt qr6 rov Aorepooxoreio rou naptoto1. H enryeiprTorlrtAerutot ro 1799, ondrt opiorrlrce yru rprinr\ gopd ro rp6roro ptrpc aq tva <poAt^rcd> rc)ctopa -ro {.va 6er<rir<rg €KqropHuptoor6- rrlg cttr6orcrcrls roo B6peroo U6Aou ct-ttd rov lor\pqtvS. or ctnoord,oery aouvrc€prcqq-fl6Aou xcxr Bcp<eAuvqq-torlp€ptvou u-noAoyiorq xav p e p er p q ou g yeo6orlrig.

H ptAri<uoq 6yuq ruv opydvav Kc.t ru)v 1tt066<uv perpqotwv i6er{e cil ro rp6ro-

H €naoAq Mrper(.ry Qavillon Breteuil) orrc, E€ppeq xovrd orqvono\onxrl napogrl roo Flcsptotod orqv onoia oreyd(erat roAtt9vtg tpagcio Mtrpuv xar Era9y,itv.

trilTrt{*}85 p€ $ ebts!{lljot{ ts efff;f1475 19r|

E I ro*5tnEru ir&lAcqd

To 1875 or \nrAaStanrcd ercnp6,tulr.,or 1B Xupuv on(yparpavmo llapiot rq 4ry6;twt1 <dippaoq rots Mi.rpoo> pe rryv onoia6p60r1xe xol ro Art1vic, fpag{o l,4trpuv xat Era)putv. Ta100 yp6vn an6 rq Xiypaoq roo Mtrpou yroprdorqxav pe rqvi.x6ooq u\txot ypaypar6orlyotl. flLivu oro EdxeAo roo oXrl-Hdroc, ylropotjpe va \rctxpivoope xx rq Auyvia Kponrod, roxarvotjpto npdruno.

PBEMIES JOUR OEMISSION

I

x

e

XPONO:

Page 27: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

o

Tro ptrpo r1rav xard 0,2 mm ptxp6rtpo rou 0ewpr7rrrco6.',Yorepa an6 ro np1pArlpa

nor-t 6r1prcupyr10r1xe, 0a 6.npene fi va rcaraoxeuaor{ xano6pto np6roro 11 vc 6ntq-

pqeEi ro tsAt6. F-l rcaraoxeuq 6puc, w6c, xatvo1ptott'trp6'1-u1rou, rtou va, oupEtttvti Sterrg vde g StfJprlotrc,, Sev qnore,lo 6oe eyy'qorl Ya rrlv na,oanrtpct 6rurr1pqo4 rou, Ptcrxcxt or axptptorepec, pttrprlo€rq rou ptAAovtoc,0a pnopouoav va antctrtloouv v(ct o.A-

Acryr'1 oro rpdruro. Axpr8<bc, yt(x rov A6yo aur6 ot emorqpoveq o6qyq0rlxav oro vs a-

rro6tX0o6v {va au)aiptro rp6runo oav povd\a prlxoug: Lrs 1903 utoouq)qxe oav 'l

pi.rpo <H anrSoraorl6uo yapaytitv rdvto o€ pid pdp6o an6 p&ojyo )urc6ypuoo ot

0' Cn. To rp1runo dye rcaraoxtucror€i p€ptKd yp6vn vupirtpa xu an6 r6rt' EuAdo'

To 196a q Ate}vr.,C LuvtAeoor1 M(.tpuv xar Lra1ptbv ttto1trrToe yn ra y(,rpo (vav

xalotjpto oprop6: <'l m efvar €va yrlxoq ioo 1-tt 1650763,7:t Lt4KIl rc1parog oro K€\td rrlq

arcruopoAiac, roo exn(pnu ro orotx€.io Kputmd 86>.To'rp'runo rou p€rpou 6w et'vat rrn pia pdp6oc, an6 patotiyo AtuxSypuoo, aAAa

pruAuXvia aepioo Kpurrol 86.Tov Oxrti:ppto rou 1983 11 furcr1 Zov€Atuory Mirpuv xar Zra)pcbv rrpdruve {vcv o-

ptolt6 yru ro y€rpo ye pdor'1 rqv ray6r4ra rou Eur6q. <',tivc p6rpo {vat q an6oraorllrou 6nv6€t ro Euq oe Xpdvo 11299792458 too 6eurep<>AETrrou)' H xatvojpn rrpo-

raoq Oolti(tt mo xa1apd rq oX(.oq rou yu-tpou l-tE ro Xpcvo Ku rqv xivqory.

O XOPO: KA O XPCNO)

Page 28: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H riv4oq o H notrunlordrrlrc ' H Yldlooo rqs rr€pryPqq4s t n

iworo rpoXrd o E€roc6oer5 rivqorl5 o H iwotq o1orr1paavagop<ig

o H 6worn \dvuoya o Kivqol o€ Ftq 6nimoorl o levtrri o Eu06-

ypspprl opol4 rivrloq o H toxdrrlro o H entrdxuvorl r Euotj-

ypoppn rivrloq pe orcOepq entrdXuvoq o H eleri0epq nr6oq r

An6 rov Aprorordtrq orov fotrrloio o O vdFos tqq etre60epr15 nrt6-

orls o KaFnufuiypoppeg xrvrioerg o l-l oPofui xuxfuxri xiv4oq o

rriv0ereS xwrioerg o H aPXl rr15 cve[oprrloio5 o opr(<ivrro po)t(

o Nq 0uFq0o6;re o No ovoporqOoripe o Na hiooupe npoplrri-

Fqrd . NroxouPdwo.

Page 29: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H rivrlcrl

O r6opog prog eivor dvcg <rd,opo5 rivqorlg>r. Or poroorrlireg rpd-

Xouv, ol yldpor rroipvouv rc ropdpro crr6 r(or.li, or dv0ponor prd-(ovror vo npotrdpouv, rq o6vvego peror<rvorjvror, ro pepfxoro p6-trrq <oprprdoouv rrirprouv npos'Trlyq Kor q fr1 oro pero{ri yupi(er xorrrAovriror rour6Xpovo. Eivqr or<d,pro ro iltrexrp6vro fiou rrvodvrorydpo on6 roug nuprlve5 rr ol6rtrrlpo r(r poproxd ouyrporqporo,rrou ppiorovror or rivqoq o6rdrorrrl. Oo pnopodocps vo no6pe 6rrq riv4o4 eivqr o rpdnog fnqp€rlS rou r6crprou.

f t \ \ , ,

n nonunnoKoTrlTo TG)v KrvrloeovOo {ercrvrlooup€ Fro rrpoondOero vo rr€prypdrpoupe rqv rivr1or1. Ooprrropotioope v'oplfooupe crrd rqv rfvrloq rrou rdver ro rnor6vrrou rrvqrqpa ro069 rpdler pro ;roroorrldro, olld ro rporvdprevo e-

{etriooeror notr6 ypqyopo Kqr pog goiveror ror oprerd odvOero.

Ag xorocpriyoups os rdrr rrro arrl6 ror rrro xovrd orous pu0po6grq5 g6oqg. H r<ivr1oq, yro rropd6erypo, 1-ou rp6trtrou rrou rrirp'rer o-tr6 ro 6ivrpo ro rp0rv6rr<opo. Av rrlv fiof)oKotrou04ooupe rrpoosKrr-rd, 6rorrrordrvou;re drr, ro0c6q ro rprjllo nlqord(er rrpos rrl yrl,rour6lpovo rreprorpigeror Kor rolqvr,:6erqr. To ouprripoopro ei-vc.r 6rr pro 16oo <<puorrq> r<ivqoq eivor iva gorv6prevo rrro rrotrrjrrlo-Ko Kor o116 rrlv riv4oq rou fiponyo6pevou ;rr11ovropro6. Arr' rrlv dl-trq oxdpo Kl qv €rnvorlooupe ivov rpdn,r vo neprypd\uoup€ rqv ri-

H IIEPIIPAOH IHI KINH'H:

APee 10 aet-

€llJAt 10.20 nOtHTl-xo,Tozo rK?tzo,..

I

e

Page 30: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

vqorl CIur4 F€ CIKpip€rCI, 6ev 0c iXou;,re rrerriXe r vo neprypdqroup€rrlv rrrc6oq rov rpdtrI<ov, yrorf e ivor (rlrr1po trv undplouv 6uo rpritr-trq rrou vo rrigrouv p€ rov i6ro rp6rro.

Bpror6poore prnpoord o'ivo 6ilqppo. Oitroupe vo neprypdrpou-

F€ rnv r<ivr1oq, qlld dtro ourd nou ncxporr;po6pre eivor yro HoS rro-h6nlorq.

fro vo ro {errepdooupe 0o Xperooref vo rcivoupe 66o npdyparo:va 6qyroupyriooupe ;ro 1l6ooa neprypogris Kor vo rara<priyou.

F€ oro spyoor{pro.i) H yltiroocl rn rrsprypogris.O l-qtrrtrqiog pdg 6i6a{e drr q rrepr-ypoq4 rrlg rivrloqg pnope i vo yiver oe prio oprrrpdvq ytrr6ooo q onoioneprdle r dworeg 6nar5 o lcirpog, o lpdvog, ro o6orrlpro ovorpopdg, qrpold Kor ro oqperox6 ovrrreipevo. H ylcbooc rrls rr€prypqg4S rre-priler enioqs Kor ororxtia r<ov pa0rlprcrrrc6v.ii) Ero epycor{pro. Ego6roopdvor pre rq ytrorooo rqg neprypocpqgroro<pedyoupe oro epyoor4pro. Er<e i ovorropdyoupe ro yeyovdrcrlou pCIS ev6rorpfpouv, 6rorurrrirvoup€ urroOdoerg, rdvoupe H€rp{-o€rs ps rordtrlqtra 6pyovo r<or pyd(ou;re oupnepdoporo ro onoio6tqrurrc6voup€ orrl ylc6ooc rov po0qprqrrrc6v. H nerpoprorrxrl r-prnerpia ouppdller 6p<og rcor orov spntrourroll6 rov opXrrc6v €wor-civ qlld Kor orrlv orro6dprrloq xorvo6prcov.

-e

H IEP PAOI T ] I KINFI:HI

Page 31: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H yl6oss rq6 n€prypqgdg

o. H dworo rpopaMdoo orqv repdorrq rrorrr l fo rtrrv xrvrloecrrv undpXe r dvq rorvdyvopropo. fro vo ro 6odpe dS rrqpoKolou0qooups prro nol6 opy4rivrloq. 'Evo pruppi]yrr ;rerorrveiror rrdvcrr orq or<oxrdpo FroS. Ko0c6qrrepvde r o Xpdvog, o,\ld(er rerpdycr:vo, olld(er 611lo611 Oioq oeoxioq p'ivo opropdvo otiorrlprc qvogop'is. Kd'rr ovdloyo ou;rpoiverpre ro yldpo, p€ rq poroorxliro q pe ro <rdwego.

fevrrcd: Kivqory ev6q, avnrcetp€vou Atyerat q ypowxrl aAAayrT rqsei.orls rou ug npoc, tva o1orr1ya avagopdq.

Av erlope rppovrioer vc urrdpXer rrdv,:o orrl orcrrripq fvo trerrr6orpripa on6 ole6pr, ro n56ro rou l.rupprlyrrod 0o d<p4vav oq;rd6rorrou 0o govipcovcrv rrlv rpoXrd. Ko0c65 rcrveiror ivo c{vrrxefp€vo tosrrpog rdrroro oriorqpro ovorpopdg rdOe <rqpeio rou <Xapdoocr) oro

1r6po pro voqrr] ypctip4 rrou trfyeror rpo.ryd.H rrpotrio ogrlver orov fiivsKo ro ip'oq rrlg rpoXrdg rou, d'nog

or ypoppdveg ld{er5 <povepcbvouv rrlv rpoxrd rqg prdr4q rou ;-rolupr-oti. H popgq rr15 rpoldg eivor ivo orrd ro XopoKrrlprorrrd rq5 ri-vnons.A6pre, yro rropd6eryprc, eu06ypoppq xivrloq, drov 11 r-popd ei-var euOeio ypdpti{. 'Orqv q rpold e ivor rrirlog, q rivqoq trdyercrrurtrrrri.

fro vcr pnopei pipcrn q rpopd evdg ovrrxe rprfvou va OecoprlOefocv Fro ypcrpFri, 0a rrpdrre r ro cvrrreipi:vo vo e ivor rdrr oov (on-preio yecoperprr<1>. I' ourqv rrlv repirrruloq 0a prrldpe yta ufurc6 or7-y{o qyrd otllJEtdK6 avnrceiltevo.

B. Or efrocbo€rs KivrlonsAg {ovcryup ioour p e orrl oxoxr dpo. IuveXiZiou p€ vo rroporolou0orj prero puppqyrr roO<ig percrrveircr apyd. Mnopodpe vo ro Oeorprloou-ps oqp€roK6 crvrrrefpevo. Iq;.rerrirvoup€'rq 06oq rou, €vrofii(oupe6qlo6q ro rer-pdycrrvo oro orroio ppioreror, oe 6rdrpopeg lpovrrdgorrypig. tDrrdlvoupe xcxr ivov rrivcrro rrov Oioecriv rou Kot rcDV o-vriororX<ov lpovr rr6v orrypc6v.

Av opreoro6pre povo orrg nlqpogoprcs rrour rroipvoupe o116 rarerpdyc,rvo oro orroio ppdeqre oe 6rdcpopeg lpovrrig orrypdg, 11 rre-

hl

e

ilfoT,^,,THrK,N,,:F,:

Page 32: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

prypqq4 6ev 0o eivor nlqpqg. Meyoldreprl orcpipero 0o ne.ruXoivc-l.r€l ov erlope <ppovrioer vq oxerrdooup€ rrl oxoxripo pe lopri;.1fu-yerp(., on6re 0o rrofpvope nlqporpopieg cn6 rerpfycovc notr6 ;.rr-xpdrepo. To rcl6repo orr'6trc, piporo, eivq vo iloupe ivo ropre-orqv6 odorrlpc o{6vov xOy rccr vc rroipvoup€ rrs rrlrlpocpopieg yroxdOe Oioq arrd rrg ovriororle5 ouvrercypfvrg.

Irq ytrr6ooo rov poOqporrrc6v 4 rivrloq evdg or;;.rerorod ovrrrer-prdvou neprypdrperot F€ rts Xpovrri5 ouvoprrloers rov ouvreraypi-v(DV rou. Or ouvoprqoerg ourig ldyovral e{tcrt6oelg rivqo4g.

Irqv nepinroorl FtCIS rivrloqg oro enine6o or e{roc6oerg eivor66o: x:x(t) ror y:y(t). fro rivrloq o€ Flrd 6ldorcorl iloupre ;lo e{i-ocool, rrl x:x(t) q onoio pog 6iver rq Oioq r()u ovrrKapivou oe rd-0e lpovrrrl orrypq.

f l , , t

Y. n ewoto ouornpa aYggoPosTo rapcxpdrr iXer oolrrdper arrd ro trrpdvrro,.r llerpqrd yro rqv Aryr-va. Irqv rrpripvq, ivog eugdvrooros errrBdrrlg plirrer rov flerpoldvq orrol-rcKp6veror r<or ordgrerdt vo rprrdf,er e{ror6oerg rfvqor15.Irrlv onopdOpo ivog trrprevepydrqg xorrd(e rnpos rn ;.reprd rqg 116-trqg rcor <puorrcd eivor oryoupo5 6rr o l'lerpordg ;.river orrl 0io4 rou.

Kdrr ovdtroyo ou;.rBoivel Kot p€ rou5 cle{rrrr<lrrrorig rrouerrrlerporiv dvo orpoporrx6 vo6pepo orov cipc. 'E1ouv rri-oer qrr6 ro oeporrtrdvo Kqt rrp6xerrol ..ro oXqporioouv ivo<oordpr>. 'Evo5 o116 curo65, oe oXdrrrl pe ro 6rrrlov6 rou,eivor arivrlrog, evc6 o i6rog, ovogoprr<i pe rr1 fq, rricprer.

Ag 6oripe ;.re ivo rpiro ncpd6e ry;ro Kqr ro 4qrr1po rqg

rpo1d5. 'Evc noproroli loprrdrr eivor or€p€rDFfvo orrl (dvro ev6grro64lorou.

Tr rivqoq rdver ro <pavdpl rrou ppiorerot oro rrevT dl;frq rov rro6qldrrl 11 rpold rou eivsl rurl,rrrl, evc6 yro ivqv rro-

porrlpqrq oro 66orpog q rpolrd rou r6rou cxvrrrerpivou eivqr Fro Kq-I

,!

o

H NEP]|PAOH THI KINHIH)

Page 33: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Frrdll rrou ldy€rcr KuKlosr61l5. To govdpr rou no6r1trorou, ropoyro rov no6qldr4 e ivor oxivqro. fro rrlv rropdrnpnri dpog rrouppioreror oro i6ocpo5'ro i6ro rpovdpr eucpovf(er rpold eu06ypcp-

Frl.[1poro6 <prdooupe oe ouvotrrrd oup'nepdoporo, oS 0up4Oodpe

drr or ouvrercrypive5 ev6g orlpreiou clld(ouv rd0e rpopd nou otrld-

qoupr ouorrlF0 qvoqopos.

To oupnepdoFGrq rrirpo. H x(v4oq evrig ovrtrerpdvou neprypri-g€rcrr ;re 6ragoperrxdg e{rotiorrs Kur epgovi(er 8ragoperrx{ tpo-pri, eg6oov olki(oupe o6or4;ru avcgrrpdg. H rivqoq lotn6v, 6evpuope i vq n€prypdrpef nopd ;rdvo oe cD:don pe opropdvo o6or4proovorpopd5. Aurd oxprpc6g evvood;re 6rcxv li;re drr r'1 xfvqoq efvololenx{. floro eivor d,F,-S, rdOe rpopd, ro rordllqlo orjmrlpo avo-qopds, rrou 0o rrpdrrer vo enrldyoup€, yro vo neprypdqroup€ Flo o-pro;.rdvr1 rivrlo4; l-1op'6lo rrou ps onoro6lrrore o6orqpo ovorpopd5pnoporipre vo rdvoupe rrlv nsprypocpq yrag rivrlorlg, prroporipre vonodpe 6rr ro rro rordtrtrqtro eivor exe(vc,oro onoio q rivqoq nepr-ypdgerorrrro orrld.

i 6. H dworo 5nvuoltoMerardrno4. Olor prag, op66v, ro0r/-lg prldpe rouvd;re rcx ldproFroS.AS cpavrcorofps rrlv drpq rou ovr-ilerpo pro5 ro0qyrlrprog,rrou rrpoofioOe( vo er-rrrorvovrloer, or-rd ;lorprd, F€ prCI ouvd6elg6rrls os 6pa 6ratrefppqros. Ko0c6g ro lipr rns F€rcKrve iror o116 prroOdoq oe prro dltrq, prropodpe vo evronic'oupe 611o orlgeic rou 1c6-pou oro onofq ppiOqxe rl dKprl rou avri;1e rpc. To dvo og ro no6pe

H NEP IPAOI.] TH: KINN:I-'1>

r

e

Page 34: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

(A) Kdr ro dllo <B>. 'Evog nol6 pohrdg rp(inog ytd vo rrcpcorq-ooup€ ourrl r4v o)ilat4 Odor1g eivor vq oXe6rriooupe o' ivq Xoprf f-vo eu06ypoppo rprlpo qrrd ro A oro B rcr dcnepq vo qrraKovioou-

p€ F€ rrlv or1;.r( ev65 pilou5 ro yeyov65 6rr q dxprl rou ovrrXerpo {-rc.v oro A rol pp€.1r1re oro B.

To pitrog nou 6r1;.rroupyrloopre iXer opropivo gr1ro5 Kqr ouyK€Kpr-privq rcre60uvoq. Kd0e riroro pilo5liyero perordnrorl, H ;.rero-r6nroq ovogiperor o€ orlF€rqKd ovrrrcefpevo'ro orroio olld(er 0ior1Kor XopdKrrlpf(eror q) cn6 ro ;.rdrpo rrls rroLr eivqr ioo pre rrlv o116-oroorl rov 66o Oioecov ror p) o116 rqv roredr3uvoq r4g.

O xovdvcA rtov Frroronioeov. Meyd0q 6rovuqrcnrri. Av 11 ro-Oqyqrpro e(orolouOe f vo ;rrlder, xouvr6vrog 'ro Xipro rqg, ;rnopori-p€ vo fiopoor4ooupre pro end;.revq preror6nroq orrd ro B oe dvq dtr-tro oqpefo l-. Edxotrq 6rorrrorcbvoupe drr ro rtfurd orrordleopo rcrrv6do perororrioeov 0o e(vor ro i6ro F€ rrl F€r(xr6rrrorl o116 ro A oroF. Tq percrdnroq AI- ovopd(oupre dOporopo r(DV 6rjo dll<ov prsroro-rrioecov rorypdgouye :

nJ=ni+siKd0r dvvorq rrou ouFrfisprgiperor 6nolg 11 peror6nroq liyeror

6rdvuopro. M'dllo l6yro ra 6rcv6opcro rivoir dvvoreg or orroieg c)dyouv pdrpo rsr xared0uvon Kcrr p) npoorieovrcr oripgtovcr F€rov rqvdvc rrrlv F€TcTorrioeov.

H Odoq, q ro16111ro, q errrrdXuvorl, I oppri, rl 66vopq eivor preyf-0r1 rrou rrcprordvovror Fs 6rov6oprcro rar trf'yovror 6lovuo;rcrrxd.4116 rqv dtrlq, peyiOq 6n<o5 1y61a, 11 lpovrrq 6rdprero, ro fpyo, 11rrurvdrqro, orc orroio ro pirpo rous Kqr p6r'o eivor ororXeio opre-rd yro vo rq npoo6ropioer, ldyovror ;rov6yer5n r1 poOporrd.

Boor(6;.revor, lorn6v, orov rsvdvo r(Dv perororrioecov pnoporipre

H NEPIIPAOF] TF]: KINI:H)

J

e

Page 35: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

-e

vo fipooeioouFs 660 6ravdoparo o5 e{rig:Merogipoupe nopdtrlqlo ro ivo qrrrj ourd c6ore 11 oppl rou vo

oupnfnrer pe ro rripog ro.r dltrou. To dOporopq rous0o ovrrororle i orqv ntre upd Fe rqv orroio <rle (ve l> rorpryotvo ror 0o roreu06ver-qr cxrr6 r4v oppl rou rrpc6_rou rrpos ro ndpag ro 6e6-repou.

O xovrivog rou nopol,t4loyprippou.'Evog dlloqrpdnog eivor o ley6pevog rov6vog rou nopotrtrrllo_ypdppou. Mrrogdpoupe n<xpdllqlo ro ivo qrrd ourd

<6ore or 66o oplig vo oupnioouv Kdr cr;1e6rd(oupre ro napollqld_ypotrpo or 6rio nleupdg rou onofou ov1-rororxo6v orq 66o 6rov6-opcrd. To dOpotopd 0q ovrtororXei orrl 6rcryc6vro rou nopotrtrr;lo_ypdppou rar 0o rore u06verqr fipos rqv.rdroprq ropurprl.

E{urror<oderqr drr o rovdvog rou nolrollqloypdppou 6sv prro_pei va €(poppoorrf ov ro 6rio 6rtxvrjoproro iXouv i6reg r1 o_vriOereg roreu06voerg. o

Bool(dprevor rdlog orous Kov,jvss ouro65 prropori;re voovol6ooupre iva 6rdvuopq o€ 66o ouvlorrioeq.

- H ld{r1 xa're60uvor1 prrope f vq cv.rrrqOrorirXprlof potrorodvror, rq &e60uvoq xar rr:' gopd.

rr5 66o l6{e r5 nou errfoqg

11 tIEP TPAOI] TF]I K NHIHI

Page 36: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

F.-; l

fro vo neprypdrgoups rqv r(vr'1oq 1pe rcr(6paore 6pyovo yro dpeoegperpqoetg Xpdvalv rqr qrroordoeotv 11 rcdrr rrou 0o prropodo€ vo roovrrKqroorqoa. Kr curd yrcrrf orrg yprlyopeg rrvrloerg 6ev nporproi-voup€ vo oqperr ivoup€ rrs Oioerq KCxt r ts Xpovlr ig orry;-rdg. Yndp-

louv d,pcrrg fi€rpcporrKdg reXvrrig pe rrg oroir,s ro fi€ruxoivouye.H lpovorptoroypcrpiu yro nopd6e rypcx eivrxr prro rotrq reXvrrrl. To

xrvqr6 rp<ori(sror oe rcovovrrd lpovrrcd 6roor(porcr ror cpotroypocpf-(tran. H rpolroypo<pio 6iver rlv e rrdvo rrls Kr\/rloqS. fldvcrr o' ourrlv

;rnoporipe vu rrpoo6ropiooupe Odoerg ror lpovrxdg orrypdg.

O 4lexrprxri5 lpovo;.rerprprig pe laprorurvfc,rrou ouvr1O<og undpXer oro q1oh16 epyoorrlpro, ef-vor ivo e61pr1oro epyoAeio y o rrlv rlvqlooio prroge u06ypoppr;g rivrloqg ovd ioou5 Xpdvou5, roOdvo5cxrrd roug orroiou5 pnopef vc t ivqr dvo prrp6 rtrdoporou 6eurepotrdrrrou. 'Evag orpecpdpevog rpoldg (11

;.rro nol l6pevq or i6o) ocpqvr:r , pe rq Borl0€ro rour<oppndv, i1vr1 ndvc,r orq -our'6e6epdvr1 pe ro rrvo6-pr€vo ovrrK€iprevo-Xnprororvfor. H errdva rrou rroip-voupr pog 6iver ro o6volo rorv rXvtiv, oopopdg, 611-tro6(, rrtrqpogopieg yrG ro roroprrd rr15 xivqoqg.

H aeporprirre(c eivar dvo rcrpc6rro (rooc) rou o-moiou q rrdvco errrcpdvero eivcrr retre(otg errirre6q xoriler ivo rrurvd 6frruo arr6 prr<pdg rprjneg porpo-opdveg rovovrrd. To rcrpc6rro rpogo6oreiror p€ ou-prrreopivo oipo. O ofpog rrou Byoivsl ond rrg ;rr-rpi5 rprineg, napeppdllersr ovdpreoo orrlv errrcpd-vao rou r<rpc6rrou Kor orrlv e nrcpdvero evdg 6iorounou ppforerqr rrdvo oro rcrpc6rro orrdre 6rlptoup-yei'rcr dvo ei6og <oepoprcx{rlopro6>. Av onpcS{ou;rerov 6ioro, ourd5 0a rrvrl0e f rrdvor orrlv errrcpdve rop€ ouoroorrrd erprrl6evroprive<, rrg rprpig.

Ta ouroorqpr(riprevc rrv4r-d eivor r<ufuv6prxd ou-vqOorg oriprarc rrou pyd(ouv oipc o116 rqv r<dro errrgdverd rougror 6rlproupyo6v ro 6rrd roug aepopo{rldpr. 'Eror Xtrlpi'S vo dXouv o-vdyKn rr5 rp6neq Kor rov tiepo rqg oeporpdne (o5 ;rnopofv vo Lrsro-rorri(ovror rdvco oe enirre6q enrgdve ro ouororrrrd Xopi'S rprpdq.

Page 37: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

F'levtKoH 0dor1 Kqr q Fsrtrrdnro4. fra vs neplypdrpoups rqv eu06ypopprlriv4o4 ev6g ovrrrerpivou, ro filo pofurd eivqr vo XprlorForrorrlooupeivav d{ovo (x'Ox) rrou vo ouprninrer p€ rqv rpopd. Ag uno0iooupre6rr ro rrvodpevo ovrrrefpevo rord rq trpovrrrl orryprl t, ppiorerororo M,. To 6rdvuopo OM, rrcprordver r,) guorr<i piyeOog 0doq roucv'nxetp6vou xor ouprpotri(eror pe x'. H lrprrp rou 6ravuoporrrod ou-rof peyfOoug eivar 0errrq erp6oov q ro'reriOuvorl rou 6rovrioprorogouprrirrrer pre rq Oerrr<r1 rore60uvorl rou d{ovo Kor orrlv ovri0erqrrepirrtcooq opvrlrr rr1.

Yno0iroupe 6rr orrl ouvilerc -rqrd rq lqovrrrl orrypr1 tr- ro rr-vqr6 ppiorerqr oro oqpeio Mr. H via Oioq (xf noprordveror pe ro6rdvuopo O,M, evc6 ro 6rdvuol.rc ffi, e,,gpd(er rq perar6ntoq rovovrrrerpdvou xord rq lpovrrq 6rdprero crrrd t, p61pr tr. 4116 ro oXq-prc e ivor gcvep<i Orr?+vR ,4 \M?,:B?

Merordrrroq eivor trorrrdv r1 peropolrl rqg Oioqg. Irrg eu06ypap-peq rrvqoerg, pnopodps vo rrl ouppotri(oupe pe Ax. Av ;.r€ x, ror x,ouppoliooupe rrg cvriororx€S otryepprrdr; rrpig 0a 61oupe Ax,:xr-x,

Iuvor.ui(oupe. Kard rrlv rr€prypqq4 FrroS eu06ypcppr4g r(vqoqg.o) 11 dworo 0io4 cvo<pdp€Tqr o€ o4peroxri cxvrrreipevo, oe d{ovc rcros ouyK€Kprpriv4 lpovrrrl orryprl. H (olyrippr14) rrp4 rq5 ouprrinrer

F€ rrl ouvrsrcrypivrl rou orlpreiou oro orroio ppioreror ro crvrrxeipe-vo Kqr erpdoov eivor Oerrrrl oqpaiver 6rr To ovrrreipevo ppiorerororov Oelrd rlprd{ovo.p) H iworo perar6rrc4 (peropotrq 06or1q) crvogiperor oe rrvodpevooq;rerox6 ovrrreipevo oe d€ovo Kor o€ ouyrerprpfvrl lpovrx4 6rdp-re1c. Av n rrp4 rqg efvcr 0errrrl oqpoiver drr ro cvrrrefpevo F€TqKl-vqOrlxe rrpos rn 0errxrl xore60uvoq rou ri{ovo.

Kord rqv neprypacprl rrlg eu06ypcpFrrls rivqorlg o paor165 po5o161o5 e(vor vo roroorpr6oouF€ tqv e{focooq 0doqg - lpdvoux:x(t). H enr6iro{r1 pog ourrl rrpoDno0irEr rrlyvoprFfo pe opropivc

M2M1o

H NEP IPAOH TH: K NH:H:

Page 38: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

F€yferl/ drrog q raplrrlro ror q errrrdxuvon.

ndoo ypriyopc rrveiral; l-lpo5'rcr trou xqrsrrOdvoratl flo vo ofio-vrqooupe oro epcbrqprct <rr6rsa yp4yopcu rp:i1er dvog poroolrlerr-orqg 1pe rd(tror vo yvcopf(oupre ro <<n6rsct yi'dperpa rrlv u)ps>>, vapdOoupe 6qlo6q <triory eivat q raytjrrlrd rou>. To i6ro 0o r<dvo;reKot yro dvo 1efu6dvr 11 r<ul yto pto r<oluplpqrpro. Oa ovo(qrodooprerqv rolUrqrd roug. Irq ytrc6ooo rr15 rcoOqpcplvrlg po5 (orr1g q ro-

16rqro eivar pro rroodrqro rrou 6ivEl urdvrrlorl oro epc6rqpct <<n6-oo ypryyopa nveirst (.va avnxdprvo;) Kot pdvo o' ourd.

Irq ylc6ooo, dp<r-rg, rrlg rpuorrrlq 11 i6rc ld{q lprloryonore ircr pevdqpc rdrrog 6rocpoperrrd. H rol6rqro rn(; <puorr<r1g orrcvrd 6Xrp6vo oro epc6rrlpo <n6oo yp{yopq rnrefror dvo ovrrre ipevo;> otrtrdKor oro e pcbrrlpo <<Tpog ru, rrou rcartu)1veru;>>q) To (rr{ioo yp{yopc>.'Evo pqlovdrr <rroni,> os Fro trolp6o rqs o-6of florqofov 6rov6er 110 pirpo oe 10 6eurepdtrenro. Krveiror d-poy€ rrro yp4yopo srrd dva rp5trei ro orroio o,s prc d)rlq }orpi6o 6ra-vrjer 144 1t(.rpct oe 16 6eurepdlerrro; kecprS;.roote 6rt yro vo rd-voup€ rq oriyrproq 0o Xperoore f vo unoloyiroupt ro r6oa p(.rpaperaxrvtirat ro xs)iva ot xdoe 6turep6Aenro/ v(r 6rorpdooupe 6q-tro6r1 rr1 perar6rrroq rou roOevdg pe rqv ov,-fororlq Xpovlr<r1 6rdp-Ktt0:

Aurd rrou pog 6ive r q 6rofpeoq, ro rrqlfrco 6qla6q rou ;:drpourqg pero'r6firorls rrpos rov ovriororXo Xp6vo liyeror pdrpo rn5 Fd-o45 ropir4ros rou ovr-rxerpivou.

Movd6cr p6rpqoqg rqg p6oqg rol6rqrog 0o e ivsr ouverrc6g,ronqtriro rrls pros ;rovd6og pqrouq rrpos rrl pfo ;.rovd6c lpovrr<r1g6rdprerog. To ivo rrd6r qvd npc6ro lerrr6, q prio yudp6o svd 6eure-p6trerrro, e ivor povd{i€S fiou 0c pnoporioop€ \/d Xprlotpotrotrlooupre .Irq cpuorxrl, oro AreOvig 16o14;ro povd6or,, q povd6u pirpqoqgrrlg pdoqg ro16111ro5 eivor ro ivo prdrpo ovri Seurrp6trerrro. Iup-potri(eror pre 1 rnls.p) To npog rq rrof. Eg6oov q peror6nroq (peropolq 0io4g) eivorpdysOos 6rovuoporrrd, ro nrlhfro rrls Ftsrcr6nroqg rrpos ro Xpdvo,onoretref piye0og 6rcxvuo;rorrrd. H rore60uv,rr1 rou neplypdcper roTpoq ra, no6 tytve q ptrardtnorl.

Mdoq ralr i r4ro. Oeoporipre dvo oqpe ro16 uvrrrei ; . r€vo o€ euO6-ypcpprl rpopd. Xprlorprorrorodpe o5 o6orqprorovogopdg dvov dlo-vo x'Ox fiou vo ouprrirrre I p€ rrlv rpo1d. Oe<opofpe Kqt pto ouyK€-rcprpiv4 lpovrrrl orryprl ros qpx4 rov lpdvrov. Yno0droupe drl rr1

I

e

I-] TIEP TPAOF] TF]I KINF]:HI

Page 39: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

XpovrKll orryp{ t, 11 Ofoq rou rrvqrod r1'rov x, Kot rrl lpovrrrl orry;rqt, q'rov xr.

Opf(oupre org p6oq rolfrqro ivo 6rovuoporrrd piyeOog Hs Fd'rpo ro nqliro rrlq prerordnrorls fipos r-ov lpdvo Kor Fs rqred0uv-oq rrlv rore60uvoq rqg ;-reror6firorlg.

T6oo ro pdrpo doo ror q rored0uvol rou 6rovuoporlrod ouroripeyiOoug pnopo6v vCI n€prypo<po6v pe rrlv olyepprrrl rrpq rou -rlorroiq cvocpfperor orov ouyrerprprivo d{ovo- ror eivor:

Xr'Xtup= Tifi-To o1ppoAo o {vat ro xaAfuypaEx6 apyrc5 rrlg A(.fr1c velocity nouoqpaivet ray6rryra.

H ordtrurq rr;rq rou rroporrdvo nqlfrou onoretrri ro pdrpo r4gpdons roldrqrog ev<6 ro np6oqpr6 rrls yos n,\r1po<pope f yra rqv ro-re60uvo( rqg.

Av urro0foou;re 6r l t , :0 s, t r :3 s, xt=126 cm Kct xz:47 cm,0o€ivct xr-x, : +21cm, tz -tr: *7s, ot5'rt u,,:B cm/s. To 0errr6 rrp6o4-

;ro o4poive r drr 11 xore60uvoq r4g pdoqq roXrlr4rog e ivor rrpog rqOerrrrl gopd rou d{ovo.

H e{ioororl opropori rqg p6oq5 ralJrrlrcg ypdqsror Kqr ps rrl

Hop94 uu=Ax/At.

EuBuypotrpn opolq rcivqorlTo yeyov<iro. 'Evog

;.roroorrlerrorrlg <p,cr;1i(eror ovd ioo Xpovrrd6roorrl porcx Kor qoroypocpi(eror. lldvot orrl qoroypocpio prnopo6-p€ vo €vrofiiooupre ro orlpeio rou 1c6pou oro orroio ppieqre q d-Kpn rns p6rnS rou or lpovrrcdg orryprdq rrou oniXoov 1l4O rou 6eu-repolfrrrou.OI ptrp{otrg Oecoporipre 6rr q dxprl rq5 ptirns rou poroorxlerrorrleivor oqpre ro16 ovrrrrfpevo. Arqrrrort6voupe 5rr 11 rpolrcl rou e ivot

;rio e uOe fo ypopF4 ror 5rr or psrdrofiioe rg ,\A,, 41A2, A,A3, ArAo, -fiou ovrrororlofv oro ioo lpovrrd 6rcorrlporo 1l4O s - eivor 6le5 i-o€S p€ 64 cm.

Av urrotroyiooup€ rrs rrprdg rrlg pdons ro1614ro9 ot \nEoptnxd

Xpow<d \norqpara, drra4 (O,r) (2r,4r)(3r,4r),0o rpor<rlrper drr oer<<r06vo o116 ourd I pdon roX6rrlro dler rrpq +25,6 m/s, dler 6r1tro-6q ro f6ro pirpo Kor rqv i6ro rore60uvor1.

H IIEP]IPAOH TF' ] : KIN ] : I :

Page 40: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H xivqory -roo dxpou rqc, ytrrlC rou poroot-xAenor( avcnaprordverat ndvra orov rrpo-oavaroArcytvo d,fova x F€. ro oqyeio A" vaavrrcrotyti or\ lpovrx\ orryyr1 t : 0 (apXt1

Sttrpqoqs rou ypc;vou). Ot 6tct6oyxtq O(.ougrou xtvryroi avnorotXo1v ora oqy{a Ao, A,,4, , Ar, 44.

Ocoroypocpf(oupe rqv i6ro r<ivqoq grori(ovros rov HoroorK^trr-orq oe ioo lpovrrd 6roorrl;.roro olld prrpdr€DnS 6rdpK€ra5 orrd rqvrrponyodp€vq. Enovolo;rpdvou;re rrlv i6ro 6ro16r rooio tcot 6tonror<6-voup€ drr ro nqtriro AVAI fler rrlv f6ro rrp( + 25,6 mls yro orrorCI64-rror€ Xpovr Kd 6roor4;roro.H Oerrrpqrrr{ ordqr4 Evrorri(ou;rs rnv fipoooXrl pog oro drr n rrpnrou rrqtrfr<ou Ax/At 6rcrrqpeircxr opsrdptrqrq yro ooov6qnore preydtraq prrpd lpovrxd 6roorqporo. Aurq q r6rd,'rqro pog errrrpdner:a) va npopAtnoopc rqv arr6oroorl rrou 6rcrvrie r ro rrvqr6 os prc

lpovrr<q 6rdpr<ero cv eivsr yvoor( o€ prc dMq xcxrp) vo roXuptoro6pe drr undpXet p6vo ltict rayJrrlra n rrp4 rrlg onof-og ouprrirrrsr H€ rrlv dv6er{,r1 rou rolupdrpou rrls poroorxtrdroq.Mnopodpre, erropdvcrrg, vo 0€op4ooupre drr ro nqtriro Ax / At pog 6i-v€r rrlv rrprl rq5 roldrrpog.

O oproprig KdOe r<ivqoq pre oroOepq roprqr<x trriyeror eu0riypapp4opal{ xivr1or1. To <eu06ypcFpn) Xcparrqpf(er, cpuorrd, ro ei6o5rrlg rpolds rrls KGr ro <opolq> rr1 oro0epcirrlra rou pirpou rrlgro16rqrog.H e[ioooq xfvqo4g Ag Oecop4o'oups lo cvrrrtipevo vo t<tveirot eu06-ypCItlpCI ror o;rotrd oe d{ovo rrou ouprrinr€r p€ rqv rpold rou KoloS ufio0ioou;re 6rr rord rtg Xpovrrdg orryp6g to rot t or Odoe lg rou

I

h

e

I] t'IEPIIPAOH TH> K NHIH:

Page 41: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

yun€oi6q 28 o.rp,r4q 5g

dYPOTmrq 95 \-

!-= fr .h,,^ i

}|ts,Tpivos 12,2

ttdryq

Xir12

Ea)

JL;-

Iaffi6$1 5

0 ilr'6tsFa -:0

,L'go(dpqtros 80

r)qLKsroa 20 xopdnr 38 -+ kotrtpGpi 1100 lrrrrs.pu 15 50 Zj 100 rz5

Evor]r4pos .1?

leB'of .16

"lb

9,0,o ,,lt

X€,\6v0 0,gt)

Aq, ypov o 1L tr p r7 o or_s y e tv av < xaroordp q>rrpurd9i\rlr4 oriPou. An6 rrlv Trtoro\rdptxpt ro vr1pa 10,7 \eorepdAcrrd nonoqpdiv€t 35,6 yAt5ytrpd rrlv (bpd. Av pt-pan ooyxpt9€i 1Lt r\v rdxdrqrd rou €A€-gcxvrc\ firperce\qrrl;>, rou tivat y6putord 40 kmlh r j rr lg ydrctq rrpurcxe\4-rptcql Tou grdv€r ra 48 kmlh, 0a Stifet6rt o dv9punog 6rv erlvor an6 ra 6ntrt-payp(yopa Qi;a.

I ] t ' IEPITPAOH IHI KINI] IH:

:*oqtrqivo 4il

lodroos f3- - .spc 46

?&X€lr{is!a'}op$

IF6€.l|(pi!r 59

q,".o"*,

Xr}66vr-!/9

Bw*rxc5qsr6q ?90

Page 42: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

vq €fvqr qvrfororxo x0/ x. T6r€ n rorydrnro rorJ ovrtK€tpfvou 0o eivotu:x-xo/t-to.Av 0e<opqooupe to:0 Kor xo=O, 11 npoqyodprevq o1iot1 noipver rr1

Fop94:

x=ut

ror eivqr q e{iooorl rrou FoS 6iver rq 06oq rou rlv4rod oe rdOepellovnrf orrypri.H ypogrr{ noprimcoq Av <6odpe> rr1 o1iorl x:ut tog ouvdprqoqpe peroptrrlrdg rq 0ior1 x Kot rrllpovrrrl orryprl t, ynopofpe vo rrlvnapcmrlooup€ ypcgrKd oe d{ove5 x rqr t.

t

lrq xdOe eu06ypoppr; opotrt1 rivrloq'ro 8rdypappo (x, t) 0a eivot eu-0eio ypopp{ e<p6oov n crxion eivor rrproropd3pro.

t l In roxurrlroTc yeyov6ru Av errr6r(6{ouye vq rrpCIypor,)rror{oouF€ FrCI euOrl-ypcpprl opolq rivrlorl oro €pyoorrlpro 0a 6r,rrrroroooupe 6rr p6voxord rrpooiyyro4 prropoti;.re vo ro rrer6Xorrpe . flop6lo ourd ot r-6r6rr1re5 ourrlg rqg rivqoqg 0q onorelioouv ro rrp6rurro oro o-noio 0q poororo6pe yrq vo neprypdt,trouFi€ h:or xrv(oerg rrou 6ev ei-vor oprotrdg.

Iro epyoorrlpro rorcrypdq;ope rqv rivqorl ev6g oqpetorof svrt-rerpivou. To <roroprrdr trls ovorroplordvercc orq Xoprorarvio.

Or perp{oerg. Eivor rpovep6 6rr q rivqor; our-r1 6ev ;rnope i vo Xdpo-xrqprorei co5 opotrr1. Av prerprlooup€ rrlv orrriorqoq rrou 6rqvde r rocvrrrefpevo oe 6vo lpovr16 6rdorqpo 6ev ;rrr,rpodpre vo npopldrgou-pe rnv ondorcoq rrou 0o 6rov6oe r oe dvo drtrtro Xpovrr6 6rdorqpa.H oXdoq ovotroyiog 0dor1q-Xp6vou rrou yvcopioope orqv oprolrl rivrl-

H I ' lEPIIPAOH THI KINH:N:

I

e

Page 43: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

oq 6€v Ffiop€f vo sqopFoo0e i o' ourqv rqv rrepirrroorl. Errrrrtrfov,0o pnopodoop€ vo lrodp€ 611 6ev undpl'e r yia rayfrqra.

To ovrrre ipevo dlel <nolldg rcxXrlr4'reg> rrou rupoivovror orrtinotrtl prrpis orrlv qpx4 rqs rivqoqg pd'1pr nro F€ydlss oro ritro5rns.

To o6ri{o6o pnopei vo lenepoore f a'r rrpcryFcrorrorqoou;le rrlvi6ro orprpr6g rivqo4 otrld pe ;rrrp6rrp<l lpdvo qrrordrrcDorls rtov6ro6olrc6v orryprdrorv orl Xoprororvio. To roroprxd rrlg i6ro5 r<ivq-oqs ovdfioprordvovror orq fiopoKdrco cryqporo.

t :12s

H 0earpqtrr{ ordrprl Xorpig ;.roOrlprorrrd r<or X<opig orprpefg psrp4-oe rg rorolqyoupe oe dvo ouprndpoopo-r<Ie 16( yrCI rrlv ne prypogrlprrcrg orroro6r]rrore r<ivrloqg:

Ze rcd)e ypowrc6 6ftorr7pa nou prrop€.i va Oeutpqoei ytxp6 (otoxtorl y€ rrlv av9pdtnrurl avriArypq) q rcivr,or1 propei va Oeutpry)ei o-yd\4.

Aurd, o4profver 611 6oc prdOopr yro rrlv rolfrqro orrlv e u0ti-ypoFpn opolrl rivqoq, prropodpe vcx ro XFrnorporrorrlooupe os prcx o-rroro6(rrore rivqoq oprei vo rr€proprororipr oe prxpd lpovrrd 6ro-orqporo.

Av unoloyiooup€ rrl p{,ory rayirrTra o.n5 rr1 orrypq t : 6s piXpr14 orryprl rq5 end,pevrls KCIrcrypoq4S - yrrr rdOe yio orrd rr5 6rarpo-perr rig ovofi opoordoe r 9-6r orrr orc6vou pre drr ro rrqlir<o rq g peror6-rrrorls rrpos rov cvriororXo yp6vo ntrqord(er rrpog ;rio rrpr1. Me dI-tro l6yro, prnopef vo prrrpoiver 16oo q peror6nroq doo ror ro cvri-ororxo Xpovrr6 6rdor4po oltrd ro rrrll ir<o rous'rrpoosyyi(er pio rr-

F4. :€ 5oo prrpdrepo Xp6vo yivovror or ;rrrpqoerg 16oo rrlrlord(ou-

H€ orrlv rrprrl rqg <orryproiog roX6rqrog;>. Ecp6oov 6e16paore 6rrI

o

I -1 t IEPIIPAOI] THI KiNHIHI

Page 44: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

oro XpovrKd 6rdorrlpo and t : 6s pflpr rqv <err6;revq> Xpovrrr lorryprl q r(vqoq eivar opolrl, rivor troyr16 vo 6eXro6pe 6rr iler v6q-

Fq vq prldpe yro orryFrdio rcrX6rqro r1 yrc rcrXfrqro o€ pro orryp4(t : 6s) 6qlo611 yra pu0p6 peropotrr l5 rqg Oioq9 o€ pro lpovrrr lorryp(.O oproptig H ro16111ro ev65 oqpre roro6 crvlrr€rprivou pro opropdvrl

Xpovrxrl orrypq rrlg rcivqoqg opi(eror crr5 o pru0prig ptropolrig rqgOdoqg xcrd rq orrytri exeivq. Ynoloy((eror qn6 rqv rrprl orrlv o-rroiq reiver q pion raXdrqro 6rov q Xpovrrq 6rdprero pirpqoq5 rei-v€r oro pq6iv.

'Orro5 ror 11 prio4 roXdr4ro eivor piye€o5 6rcvuoprorrrd. 'EXer

6rio ororleio:(a) ro y(.rpo rrou pos ntrrlporpopeiyro ro <116oo yp4yopo) xtveirotro cxvrrrefpevo er<eivq orprp6g rq orrypq rarp) rrlv rcare6)uvorl trou FoS nlrlporpopeiyro ro (npos ro fiou> rlrl-yciver ro cvrrreipevo rord rr1 orrypq ereivrl. Kor ro 66o ororleio ei-vor crrropoirrlro/ yro vo trd;re drr q rcrXdrrlro eivor yvcoor4. Av orror-o6rlnore orrd ourd ro 66o peroptr4Oei tripe 6rr q rcrXfrqro dllo€e.

Ie rti0e lpovrxri orryFri unripler ;rio rclirqra

u(nris)

Eo0tiypaltpq xivqory

pe ora9eprl raydrqra

Eu)tiypappq xivqoq

p e p eru p aAA6 p ev r7 r ay6r qra

Iro rrprliro 6rdypcppo e 6rotrq arro6e rrvrie rqr.6rr ro e ppo66vrou nopctrtrqtroypdppou ABI-O eivor ioo pre rqv rrpq rqg pero, 6-rrrorls. Avriororlq 6rorr(oroorl pnopef vo yiver Kor yro ro eprpo-66v oro 6edrepo 6rdypappro olld 4 on66erlq 6ev eivor e6rcolq.

H NEPIIPAOH TH: KINHIH:

f t( t)

Page 45: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

H tcXdrqro m4v npd{r1 H raX6rrpo er,6s orlFerqxod ovrrrerpivouunoloyi(eror -xqrd npooiyyroq- qv 6,a0iroups rrl XpovoEuro-ypagia rr1q, xivr1oqs. Oo lpercorodpe xor dvo uno6erdprerpo. Evro-ni(oupe rq npooop; FdS oro oqpeio'rror.) FoS ev6rogiper Kor oro q-pioolg en6pevo ror 6rorpodpe rq perold rou5 ondorqoq p€ rqv o-vrimorXr; lpovr rr1 6rdpre ro.

Me rov i6ro rpdno urrotroyi(eror rl olyptCIio rorXdrrpo ov 6lq0d-roup€ ro roroprx6 prog xivr;o4s p€ rq ixu,l tnS oe Xoprororvio.

Kctrdrepq npooiyyrorl rr15 raXdrqrq(; rrl Xpovrxrl orryprl t 0q i-

XouFe cv ;.rerprloouFs rnv arr6orooq 611o oqpre i<ov fiou ovrrorot-loriv orr5 XpovrrC5 orry;rig t-r rqr t*r rsr rq 6rorpiooup€ l.lr rrl

lpovrx4 6rdprerc 2r.

'H6r1 on6 rqv errop; rod l-otrrtroiou ro l4rrlFq rr15 orryprcicgrcrl6rqro5 rjrav ivo orrd rq npcoro Erioxolo npoplrlpcro r45vecprl5 rdre Kvqprcrrrrlg. 'Hrov oe 1pr1or1 pdvo q loyrrq rns pi-oqg rcrldrqros rrou 6iver, 6rr<oq {ipoupe, ro pu0p6 perorivqoqqo€ Fro lpovrr4 6rdprero. To np6plqyo rlrov ro (rrcos) 0o prno-pb6oe vo 6qpuoupyne€i'dvo piye 0og rrov6 va neprypdEEr ropu01t6 perarcivqorlq, o€, lrtd ypowxfi orrytr|.Mro l6oq 660r1re pd-vo rqrd ro rilq ro6 17oo orc6vc - qrr6 rov Nedr<ovo Kor roLeibnitz, cve{dprqrc - F€ rrlv enrv6qoq prog evrelcfg xavofprcgpoOqporrrqg iworo5 Trou rrl lipre nopdycoyo.

H enrrdyuvorl orrlv eu8uypoppnKrvrlorlErrg yipeg HqS, n \6.\q enndyuvorl <ptpvet ,f,ro [ruo]6 rupfcog poroor-xlireg ror qurorivrlrcx. floMoi 6ropd(ovrds orq oXerrrd rrepro6rxddrr q rd6e Frlxqv{ <rrrdver ro 100> oe i(r6r:urep6lerrrc, rupterjovroro116 0ouproop6. Irqv rorvrl yvc6;rr1 eupdreco 11 errlrdXuvoq oleri(e-rqr oqnprlpiva pre rrlv o6{r1oq rqg rcrldrqrcg. Irq rpuorrrl, q r6icrqg enrrdXuvoqs fiporoeprcpovimqrr F€ rov fqlrtrcio rov'l7o qrc6voornv rrpoorrdOerd rou vq errrvoqoel ivc piyeOog rordtrlrllo vo rK-gpd(er rrg oMcryi5 rrlg xrvrlrrrrlg rordororrrl5 ev6g cvrrrerpivou.

To yeyovrirq. Me ivo orpopoordnro pno6ro6;re vo gori(oupe oe i-oc lpovrxd 6roorrlporo 0,1 rou 6eurepol,irrrou ptq prrpq ogaipo

H NEPIIPAOH TI: <INUHj

Page 46: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Kcecfs rutrder oe rertrrpivo enine6o. Me ovorXrd ro 6rdgpayHo FlCISgtoroypoqrxrlq pr11ovr1g onorurrcbvouF€ rryv xivqoq rrlg orpoipogorrlv nopdrdro Xpovogoroypcgio. To roropr16 rqg xivrloqg 6ef-

Xver roOopd drr 4 xivqoq e ivcr eu0riypCIFprl olld 6ev eivor opol(. IexdOe Xpovrrrl orryprl 11 ocpofpo dler 6rogoperrrq roXfrrlro.

Aq perprlooup€ rnv rcrX6rqro rqg ocpaiprx5 oe 66o 6rocpope'rrri5orrypri5 t, ror t, or orroieg ondXouv Xpovrrd rrrrd 0,8 s. Oecoporjpe 6-rr 11 rpoXrd ouprrfnrer pre d{ovo rov onoio fipooovorolf(oupe pegopd npo5 ro rdro FdpoS rou rexfupdvou e'nrrri6ou. Ecpopp6(ouprerq yvoor4 rexvrrq.H rlp( rrlg rcrX6rqrog r<crd rr1 orrypq t, e ivcr 0 039 m/0.10s : 0,39 m/s.l-pdgoupe u' = 0,39 m/s.H rtp( tq5 raXrirrlro5 rord rr1 orryprl t, e ivor 0,104 m/0.10s = 1,04 m/s.I-pdgoupe u: : 1 ,04 mls.

Eivar govep6 6rr r<ord rr1 lpovrrrl 6rdprcero 0,8 s rroporqprlOqrepercBotrq rrlg roXdrrlros rrls ogoipog rorf 1 ,04 mls -0,39 m/s :

0.65 m/s. fpdgoupe Au : 0,65 m/sAv 0dloupre vo 6qproupyrlooupe dvo pdye€fog fiou vo ergpd(e r ro

<ndoo ypnyopCI dyrve, rord pdoo 6po, 11 otrl<ryr1> 0c Xpe rooref vq 6r-crpdooupe rq peropolrl rq5 rcXrirqros F€ rrl Xpovrrq Erdpxe ro Atorqv orroio ncporqp40qre.

Au 0,65 m/s

^

: f f :0.8.1 m/s,

To nqlfro our6 triyeror ;rdoq enrrdluvcrq. Eivqr pdyeOog 6rqvu-o;rorr16. Egdoov 11 xivrlorl e ivcr eu06ypcpyl ynopotiprr vo ypdgou-

Hs yro rqv olyepprrrl rrprl rqg Auqr =at

Movd6o perprloeog oro Are0vdg ljorrlpo povd6ov 0o e ivor qpovd6o roX6rrlro5 (1mls) rrpos rr l povd6o 1p6vou (1s), 6qlo6r1(1 m/s) / 1 s ror ;rnopof pe piporo vo ypdrpou n 1 mf s'.

O oprop<i5. lrc vo orro6oprqooupe, ritroq, r'qv dworo enrrdXuv-on Xpnorporrorori;re rqv i6ro loyrx4 rrdv<o orqv orroio 0e prelrc604re11 ivvoro roXdrrl'ro.

F'] NFPLTPAOH THI K NHIHI

I

A

e

Page 47: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

h

e

H enrrdXuvorl evdg ovttrce tpfvou o€ llto ouyrexptl.tivrl lpovtrrlorryprl rq5 xivrloqg opi(eror og o pu0p6,9 perapofuig rq5 ra16rr1.rog rard 14 mryp{ exeivq. Yno}oyi(eror ar6 rrlv rrp4 orrlv orroforeiver q piorl enrrdxuvorl drov q lpovrrrl 6rdprero rq5 peropolq5reive r oro pr16dv. Iuppotri(eror ps ro yprippo o, op1tr6 rqg trf{15acceleration.

H enrrdluvoq trrqv npri€n. H orro66prqorl pdporo ptoS rcorvod-prag iworoq q onoio eivqr xql cpuorrd prdye{)og npirre t vo neptdXet rotpro np6roorl yd rtl pirp4orl rq5. l-lc6g 0c pnopodoope nporrtxd vo

;rerpqooupe rqv rrp( rqg enrtdXuvoqg; 'Evrrg tpdnog eivor o e{q5:Boor(6pevor oro iXvrl prrog eu06ypCIpHrls rivqoqg unoloyf(oupe

rq pfoq errrrdluvorl oe Xpovrr6 6rdorqpo ro onoio prrrope i vo Oeor-pr10e f prrp6, ofpgtovo F€ rnv dwotq rrou 6cooope nporlyouprivoS.Ie xd0e -urrd aurrl rrlv dwoto- prrp6lpcvrrd, 6rdorqpo q trpq rr15

FdorlS errrrdluvoqg pug 6iver rn (nrodFsvrl trprl rq5 entrd1uvor15.

EuBuypoppn rivqorl p€ oroB.pn€nrToxuvorlTo yeyovrirq.'Evo quroorrlpr(6pevo ruhv6prx6 oc6pc ocprlve-rqr vs rrvqOei o' ivq rerfu;rivo errirre6,r rpan€(r. To oqpeio Arou Krvrlrori 6raypdcper rrlv rpoxtd nou'nporfrrret, cxv €vt6oou-p€ rq oq;reia €yypogrls rou A,,4, A, ... fu ndvo oto Xcptf.

oaa

A, Az Asa

Ar

) . . . a Yt._+--->- a 'a-, A, f , , [o As Ae Ar Ar

H eyypagry rutv oqpeiuv A,, A., A,... A"naprcrdvtr@ oe rpqyPanxi.s 6nord-

oeg. Ta ioa ypovtrcd \norqyara eyypag4s ruv orlpeiu.tv eivat r : 0.06 s. l1a-

parqpqoart 6n 11 xivqoq eivat ennayov61ttvr1;

Arqrrrorc6voupe drr 6tro ro oqpeio ppiorovrcr rrdvco o€ Fto €u-Oeio, evc6 or onoordoer5 crvdpreoo oe 66o {iro6olrdg eyypogiS 6eve(vot ioeg, 6tr<og out6 ouppoivet orqv eu06.1poprprq oprcxtrq r(vqoq.

H Oeopqrrxri ordqq. Or perp4oers FqS o61yo6v oro ouprripoo;ro

a

Ara

Ara

AaI

Ar

H NEPITPAOH THI KINHIH)

Page 48: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

6rr xord rqv r<ivqorl q raX5rrlra au{dvera'i olror6lropgo, ovd foo6qlo6r1 lpovrrd 6roorrl;roro rroporqpeiror q i6ra o6{qoq. Me dltroldyro q ;rior1 enrrdxuvorl e ivor oroOeprl.

Ie pro eu06ypoppq r(vr1oq oov ourqv, drrou or rrpig rq5 HionSenrrdXuvoqq e(vor i6reg yro 6le5 rrq lpovrrd5 6rdprcere5 prerpqoer6grous/ rl ;rfoq enrrdXuvoq eivor iorl pre rq (orryprroic) errrrdluvoq. Herrrrdluvoq e(vor ouverrc6g oroOepq.

O opro;rrig. Kd1e eu06ypappq rcivryor1 pe ora1epry urndyuvory Aiye-rat eo06ypapyry opaAd tnnayuvdltevq xivr1or1. Kcrd rqv rivrlo4 ou-rr1 q peropol4 tqs ralirrlrog er6qtrc6veror pr oro0rp6 puOprd, oe i-oo 64lo611 lpovrr<d 6rcorrlporo ouprpoivouv ic'es prrogotrds.

H e{iotooq r4g ro;16rrpag. Av eivor uo Kor u o rrpd5 r4g roXdr4rogrrg Xpovrrdg orrypdg t ror to, 0o roXfel

0r, : 0 : u - uo/ t - to 4 u : uo * o ( t - to)

Av 6eXrorlpe 6rr to : 0 q olfoq 0oyiver u = uo * at. Av 6eXrofperor 6rr uo : O rl oxion ypdrperor:

u=ot

I TIEP IPAOH THI KINHII-]:

I

e

Page 49: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

A{i(ervo noporrlprlooupe dr mrlv e{io<loq u : uo * ot q ra16rr1-To fiou 0o iler mo prfMov ro rrvodpevo crvrrrceipevo eivor d0poroprc

i) rnS rol6rr l rog u0 rror) eiXe rord rqv opXq rolv

lp6vcovror ii) rqg noo6rrl, og ct q onoio ercppd(er rrl p€rCI-pol( rrlg roXdr4rog trdycr: rqg enrrdluvoq5.

H r{ioooq rivr;oq5. Ag o,ro(qrqooup€ r6po rrlv e{i-o<ooq rivqols, rrlv e(iococrq 6qlo5q nou 0o ;.rog 6iverrq Oioq rou rrvqro6 oe xil0e lpovrrq orryp{.

Oeopod;re rr1 crXioq u = uo + dt odv rdno ouvdp-rrlorls pe ;rercxptrqrig rr1'r roXrirqro Kdr rov 1p6vorcor o1e6rd(oup€ rr l ypocprrq nopdorooq. Ano6er-rv6eror 6'rr ro eppoEdv rou OAB| 0o poq 6iver rqv r-

pn rns F€r0rornorls.To oX4pa e ivor rpand(ro orrdre Lx : 1/z (u0 + u) t.Alld u : uo * of orr6re Ax : uot I 1/:r ct2.Av ouprgovrlooupre vo eivqr Xo : 0 on6re Ax : x rrporfrrrer q e-

€iocoon

x=uot* l /zo; l '

11 onoio pag 6ivtt r4 O(.oq rou nv4ro6 oe xd)e ptAAovnx4 orry-

F4, ya rr1v eu06ypappry oyaAd emrayovriyevq xivrloq.

Ilcparqp{ocrg1. H peror6rrrorl uot t 1/z ort2 e ivor d0porcryoi) rrlg peror6nroq5 uot rrou 0o rropouokt(e ro rrvodprevo ovrrre ipe-vo sv 6ev urrrlpXe errrrdluvoqror ii) rqg;.rerordnroqSl/zort' rrou 0q trrrpouoi'o(e ro xrvodp€vo q-

vrrreipevo ldyo rr15 enrrdXuvorlg

2. I rrg 66o e{rocbo€rs u : u0 + ot Kor x,= tsot * 1/z ot ' ro ofppolorrou ovogipovrdr oe 6rovuo;.rorrrd peyr10r1 rrcpro, dvouv rrg ovri-ororx€S olyepprrig rrpdg cog rrpog rdrrorov <i{ovo x.Av Oecopqooupre drr to : 0, Xo : 0 rcr drr () rrpooovqrofuopdvog d{o-vog eivor iror c6ore uo>0, T6r€:a) erpd,oov q rore60uvon rns errrrdXuvorlg ouprrrirrre r ;re ereivq rqgoplrqg roXdrqroq, 0q efvor o>0.

T

N

e

H NEPIIPAOH THI K]NH:H:

Page 50: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

->o

+q

Uo+o

I'curq rrlv rr€pfrrroon n roxfTrlrq ouvElcis 0o qu€dveror Kslorfs €qfocOo€rg u : uo + qt Kqr x : uot I 1/zst 6trc ra odppolo 0a o-vrlororxodv oe eenKi,q roodrnr€s.p) erpdoov rl Korrdeuvorl rrls €TTrrdxuvong eirror qvrie€rl 0116 rK€r'-vrl rrls opxrrlg rcrxdrrlrds (u">0)

0o eivqr q<0 (orr6re o : -lql) rar pnoporlF€ vo ypdgoupre rr5 66oe{roc6oerg pe rq poprp{:u : uo - lolt ror X : uo t - 1/zlalt'.

I' aurq rqv nepinrororl -potrovdrr ex6r1l6v€ror pro ouvepl5 eldr-Toorl rrls roldrqrog, ro ovrrxefpevo 6qlo6r1 xrve iror 6tro ror rrroCIpyd- q rcivqoq, orrl yl<6ooq trls guorrq5, Oecopeiror xivrlory yeora)ep1 enrrdyuvoq. I6;.rrpovc F€ rrl guorK(, 11 rrcpouoio errrrd-

XUvolS os pro e uOriypoppq rivrloq ;rnope f vo 'nporotrioer eire s6€rl-oq eire etrdrrcooq rq5 raX6rqra5.

3. Av q opXrrrl rolirrlro eivor ioq pe prr16d'r, 11 e{iocrrorl rivqoqgrroipver rn popqn

i) Av eivor yvcoord drr prro riv4o4 eivor opotrd,:rrrrcrXuv6pevrl r6re 4e{iocoorl ourrl pd5 6iver rq 0ioq (oMd Kor rq ;reror6rrroq) rou rrvrl-ro6 oe rdOe pretrlovrrrrl orryprl. floporqpof;lr pro ovotroyio ovd;re-oo orrs rrpi5 rrlg peror6rrrorls Kqr oro rerpdyrovo rou Xpdvou.ii) Avriorpogo, yrd vo crro6ei{oupe 6rr prro er'06ypoppr1 riv4orl 1<o-pig opp14 ro1614ro eivor otrrotrd errrroluv6pevrl apref vo 6ei{oupedrr or ;rerororrioerg rou xrvqrod eivqr qvdloyss rov rerpoyr6vcovrarv 1p6v<ov.Aurd irove ror o Fotrrlqiog drov epeuvorjoe rrlv ele60epq nrc6o4.

+-q o

x = |af.

H NEPITPAOH THI KINH:H)

I

e

Page 51: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

t

t

Opofui errrruluvdpevr; xiv4o4 (xo = 0, t = 0, uo = 0)

x=1ot '- 2" '

e[iooorl rrou FqS 6iver rr1 0Cor1Tou qvrrK€rpivou oe rd0epeMowrr4 orrypn

u=gt

e{io<oo4 nou po5 6iverrrlv ra16rqr0 rou ovrrrerpivouoe rdOe pellowrri onypri.

I'L

Page 52: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

3l

Av orprlooupe ond, ro i6ro 6rgog ror rrlv i6ro orryprl ivo gdllolerirog rr ivcx pop6 p6roolo, ro pdroolo oe o6yr<pron ps rorp6Mo 0c r<rvq0e i Trpos ro d6ocpog nol6 rrro ypqyopCI.

Av po5 porqoouv <<yruri ro p1roaAo n'(.gru mo ypqyopap 11ondvrqorl rrou pos dpleror ou0dppqrrx vo 6c6ooup€ (Kce6Sppioreror rovrd orrlv rorvq troyrxq) dvar ntEru nro yp4yopaynri eivat papirepo.

Ano rov Aprororetrqorov fOtrltroio'Orov o l-olrtroiog dploe vo epeuvd ro cporr'6pevo rqg nrc6ons rcrlvoopdrcov 4 dnotpq 6n ra pap1repcrr(.Erouv rtoyprlyopa Kuprop-

lorioe qrr6luro. Er<rdg orrd ro drr oXerl(6rov p€ rqv r<orvr1 loyrr<r1, erle <or pa0rig pi(eg pdoo oro dpyo rou dltrqvo,prl6oogou Aprorordlrl.

, H Aprcrortfurcy Eooxrl, rqv onoia 66dyrr7rce o faAtAaioc, oro l-Isvetw: orr1pto rqg flieas, unomrlpt(t 6n ro uhrc6 6Auv rwv eilyerutv owpdruv: rpotpycrrx cnd rqv avdpefq ru-w rtood,puv nrperapxtrcitv> orotyti-1. uw. Ts rf.ooepa orotyeia, 11 fry, ro'Y6utp, o Arlp xtt ro l-lup 6u npf.nu va: ra,ur((ovrat orq orc(.,pr1 IJc'g p€ nq ouoieg anrd ng onokq nrlpav ro 6vo-: pa rouc,. To rcoru6 vep6, yn napd\erypa, e?eupt.iro oav €va peiypa ruv, reood,p<uv orotyeitav oro onob emrcparo1oe ro orotXeio'Y6tnp. Kd)e t-: vct sn6 rs rrpurxpryrcd orotyeia eiye rq cpooxrl':ou 0tor1 ptoa orov errli yerc Xdtpo. Ilto'4tqAd r1rav ro l1up, xdrru an6 aord o A4p, ycpqA6rtpa: ro'Y6up Kat rflo rcdxn an6 6Aa ryrav r7 guoxrl 0f.or1 rou o'roryeiou fr1.1 LriltEuva, ndvrct, ye rq Euox7 rou AprcrortAq ro rcd1e orotyeio eOecl-, p{ro 5n epEavi(et rqv rdoq va rcwq1{ npoe r\ rpuoxQ rou 0fo4. Av ynI napd\uypa tva odspa, rou neptyet rcupiusg, ro ororytio l1up, ppe)ei yn

1 rcdnoto Adyo rcdru anr6 ro ororyeio Ar1p, 0a npi',ra va av6pu ndvut dn': dur6. Mn n(lpa nou agryverar eAetj?epr1 orov ct(pcx 0a ruvry)tirpog ro; d6ogog rcat 11 xivryory rr:,C 0a eivat 11 ouv€nen rr:,,; utrepoyr1q rou mory{-'; oo fq oe ouv\uctoyd yt rr10tor1 orqv onoia ppt1trlxe.

: ftvtrcSrtpa Kuprapxoioc 11 dnoQrl 6n 11 goootxrl rcivr1or1 evdq o-I

h

e

H NEPIIPAOF'] TF']I KINF']IH:

Page 53: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

=h

e

norcu64TorE otbyarog rca)opi(erat (a) un6 rr1v avaAoyia IrE rnv o-noia ra rtooepa npurapyrcd ororyeia oopyertyouv orq o6v0eor7rou Ka,r (p) an6 rrl' 0tor7 roo €.ytt oe xdtroru orrypry oe oytorT pe nq,guo tx(.q, 0(.oeq r<nv reoodp<nv moqlei<utt.

H eAe60epr7 rnd:or1 ev69 outparog e1eapeiro KAsoK6 napd\erypaguoxrTs au06pyrTrqg xivqo7s.Eriltguva pE rrlv dTroqrl aurry rcd)e ore-pe6 odtpa nou agrlverat e\e60qo anorcrd p6vo rou Ko.r oE ofvroyoypovtx6 8dorrTpa yru ma1eprl raXtjrryra trroor1s rqv otroia orq ouv€-

Xen \nrr1pei ptypt ro r€Aogrr1c, rcivqoqS. flototnapdyovreg xa1opi(ouvaurq rr1v rayjrqra; O AprorortAQC unootrTp(t 6n ro papoq rou avrr-xe4t€vou ouypdMet orov npoo\rcptoltd aurrls rq; raXtirqrag. To ou-pntpaopa r1rav p€oa otq troyx( rqsyewrccirepQg 9eutpiac, otiygcuvo yerqv onoia q arria rou pdpouq eivar q na,couoia ptoa oro odtpa rouTpurdpxlKot orotyeioo 14, ro onoio iyet r4 guotx7 rdory va xtveiratTrpoq, ra xdr<o.'Ero4 €va avnxeiylvo rno pry6, 6r7Aa6q tva avnxeiltevonou repdyet yeycA1reprl noo6rryra sr6 ro orotyeio fr1, napouofi(uprd rno tvrovq rdory vc rcvq)ei npog rrl. <Eoorxrl> rou 0tor7 an6 tvc dA-Ao rcat ouvendtq, anorcrd ptyoAdreprl rayjrqra rnuorys.

lnq, apyf.q, rou 'l7ou anitva 11 avriAqrprl aurq 6y p6vo eiye rcu-pnpyr1ott aAAd eiye nephrou evotopar<u)ei orqv rcotvr1Aoyrcr1. AvpdAtoro A7g1ei ur6rgrT Ko,r ro xtipog rcu AptorortAq, 0a rcura\d-pouyc ynri eiXe grdou va )etupeirar av<xygrcpqrqra <ouorrp.

O l-qtrrlqiog dpyrloe vo crrorrrloer Bepor6rqro drr ro qvqpgr-

oprlrqro 0o prnopot io€ vo oprgropqrq0e (. Tetrrrd rqv andrrr loe.Aplroe vd urroornpi(et 6rt ereivo rrou roOuorepoJoe ro elorppldoc6pcrc, 6rrog fva g6llo 6iv6pou 11 gro vrgd6o 1ovro6, qrov q<rropouoio> rou o6po. Avri0erc, oe ovrrreipevo oXerrrd pcprd rorou;;noyq ot ouvdnereg rq5 ovrioroorls lou oipo yivovrov oXerrrcdoorl;ravreg. To errd,pevo voqrr16 pr1;ro r,:o0uor6pr1oe, otrld refurdnpsypcxrorrorq0qre. O fofuloio5 rcrdrpe pe vo gsvroorei6rrppigrrlv ovrioroon rou cxdpo ro avrrrefpevcr 0c 6rregrov raurdlpovoxot drr iorog fvog evrcfog v6pog 0o pnopo6o€ vG roX6er yro rqvnrc6orl 6tr<lv r<ov oropdrcov rrpos Tn yn.

A6o oopapd epn66ro opOrovovrov ror ircxvqv o66vcrq rqv on6-6er{q. To npc6ro rlrcrv 6rr r4v enoXrl ereirq 6ev e rlov oxdpq rrnvon-Oei pi0o6or yro rrl 64prroupyic rKcvofiotq'rrrod revo6. To 6edrepo r1-rov 6rt ro o<6poro <prd(ovrcv> rrdpo n'otr6 vo <pOdoouv oro i6o-qos Kqr orXpovol.rsrprloerg pe rc 6pywo rrou 6ri0ere rlrov c66vorovo 6c6oouv rdrr o{rdrrro'ro.

H tIEP]IPAOH TH: K NHII-1:

Page 54: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

0 fohloioq (Galileo Galilei) yevu{0rye oqv lli(o ro 1564 xor 6(qoe pdxpr ro 1642.'Eterve ornv llfvropo 6dxo optl;1pdvro, ro nro 64proupyrr6 xor yrivrpo lprivro r4q (o{g rou. Exei 6pole ro 0epdlrn r4q rtfyxoouqs entqftlplq nou 61eto1604 pe ro nvo0pevo oriporo.

Mnpoord oro o6rd{o6o o fqtrrtrqiog a{rorroiqoe pra ordrgq gor-voprevrrd orrlrl. Xp4orporroiqoe dva r<erfuprivo errirre6o, rrdvo orrlloyrrrl drr o loporrqpcg rrlg rivrloqs FrCIS ogofpog nou rutrderrrdvco rou €i'vor i6ro5 pre ereivov r4g ogoipos rrou nirprer ele60e-po. To rertrrpivo errirre6o qrr6 rn pro rreprripr(e rqv nopdppooqrou odpc ror qrr6 rrlv dMq i6rve rqv €uKqrpiq yrd Xpovoperprloergrrpooerrrrig ror etreyX<ipreveg. flpfrrer vq iyrvdv erorovrd6es rr€r-pdporo pe prrdleg rrou o<prlvovrov vq rulrloouv oe outror<rioe rgndvco oe oovi6e5 pe opropdvrl rliorl <og npo(; rov opi(ovrc. Or pe-rprloe rg r<lv lp6vrov yivovrov pre pdorl rrlv noo6rqro vepo6 noupo(eu6rcv roOcbg iorct(e oroy6vo - orcrydv,r o116'ro 6o1eio.

O i6rog o [atrrtrofo5 ypdcper: <...Acpqoapt rqv pndAs va n(.ouxard yfircoq, r7q, autrdx<uons Ko; oqptttboayt ro yp6vo rou Xped-orqK€. y,d vs 6nv6oet 6Ao ro erftre\o. 14 6r<r6rrooia aurq €TCvd-

trdpaye noA\€q goptc, tbore va eipaore an'6Aura ptparu yn roI

e

H NEPITPAOH TF]: KINF]:H:

Page 55: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Troo6 rou Xp6vou ro onoio ror( 6tv pprircape va \nE€pet oirt rca,-rd ro tva 6(.rcaro u6q oguyl-totj.'Yorepa agqoape rryv i6ru pndAava ntoet ydhc, xard ro tva ri.rapro rou prlrcouq rqc auAdx<noqsxo; yerprloape ro yp6vo. Bprlxag 5n o yp6voq, aurdq aroreAei roprc5 axpptbg rou npcbrou. Zrq ouvf.ylc xdvape ro i6to neipapaKa,r yn aAAa pr1rcq rcat e{eraospE ro X1>6vo 6Aou rou yqxouq tngTrpoc ro ypdvo rou ptoot yryxouc,, ruv ,560 rpiruv, ruv rpui;v re-rdpr<ov rcar rthxd xd9t dAArTs uno\raiptorlg. Me nupdyara nouru tnavaAdpape ercar1 rcat ndvut qop(q, ppferyrce 6n rs 6rcor4-para tivat yera{6 rouc, Snutq ra rerpdy.avc ru)v yp6v<lv. Ku ro6-ro gdvqxe 6n rcyiu yn 644 nc, rcAiotg rou ttnr€6ou...)).

Tour6Xpovd, p€ Fro d1l nol6 duorrllrrl oerpd outrloyroprrirv rorpo04porrrcc6v oXdoe<ov, d6er€e loyrrd drr, ov ro 6roorrlproro e ivar cr-vdloyc pe ro rerpdytrlvo 'r<rlv Xpdvov, 1 errrrdXuvon rrls rcivqorlg0a rrpfrrer vo eivcr oroOepq.

I

e

flivoxog rou G. Bezuoli nou noprm6ver dvo neipopo rou Fohlorou olv lli(0. Aploepd xor de{rd,pploxowot ot owinolot rou lolilrqiou. Ae{t6 eiuor o npiyxrnoq l(op6u rrrlv Medixorv xor oprorep6 orexnp6oonor rou Axod4poixori 6oyporropori oruppevor ndvto oe reipevo rou Aptoorel4. 0 foArloioqeivor nepinou mo xdvrpo -o t1rqAdTopoq- neplrpryupropdvog onri rouq goO4rdq rou.

H IIEDIIPAOH TH: KINH:H)

Page 56: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

flop' 6leg rrg a6uvopie5 oro (r1r4po rrlg orr6lurrlg rrerorrx6rrl-rqS, r) npoorrdOercr rou fohloiou vo fipoos'fyioel pe riroto rpdrroivo v6po rrlg rprloqg riXer 8roordoers toroprKrl5. O ouv6ucop6g r45r€rpcIpclrrr{5 6oulerris pe 14 ;roO4porrr{ uvriluoq d6tllo€ roupr6ro roOopri nopri6ery;rq ro)v ps066ov rqg vda5 entor{p4grrou 0q svorrruoodrqv Fs e{orperrrri erntulia orous crt6veg nouaxoto60qoov.

Zrq 6rdprero r45 (olrlg rou fotrrtrofou 4 Eqproupyio <xevo6> 6evfipoypCIrolror1104re nori. Aryo lpdvro opyrirepo (1650) oro Mo-y6e ypofpyo rr15 feppcviog o Otto von Guericke ('Orro cpov [xipr-xe) rriruXe vo KorooK€udoet rrlv trpcbrrl ovrliq revo6. Iro trovo-norqrr16 xev6 rrou 6qgroupyq0qre <ou0o6rd:(ovtogl os Frq or6poAproroT etrrr( drrorgrl -6rr q g6oq onelOdvtrot ro rev6- ro ovop-pdvo repr<i iopqvov, ro (o-rc niOorvov, o f 1og qrov o66voro vopero6o0ef.

Aryo cpydrspo KorooKeudorqxe rat o yuritrtvog ooltrrlvog xtvo6,

;.rioo orov orroio 6rjo onorou6rlnore pdpou<; ovrtreipevo drregrovrour6lpovo rp0dvovrog orrl pdoq rou ocolrlvo rqv i6ro orrypq ror

Fs rrlv i6ra rc16rqro. Irq 197O o oorpovo;6rqg David R. Scott e-rrdleoe ro rre fpopa rq5 ele60eprlg rrr6oqg rrro rev6 ndvar ornv €-rncpdve ro rou qelToprof. 'Evo elorpp6 cpre pd rr dvo orpupf no}6pup6re po o<pdOqrov orrd rcx 16pro rou rour6lpovo rcxt ouvdvrq-oov ro oelqvrar<6 e6ccpo5 rqv i6ro arprpc6q crrryp4.

O vopos rrls etreuB€prl5, nrcborlsArrd ro <r-r6poxpovdp€rpo) rou lotrrtroiou p6;1pr ro prdoo rrou 6ra0f-re r 11 odyXpovrl enoXrl, 11 orrdorooq e ivor <pucrrrd repdorto. 14pepo,pe rq orpopoororlrrq ;rd0o6o <npolopoivoup€)/ XopiS vo Xpetoore ivo errrvorloouH€ ro rerhpdvo errirre6o.

Me orpopoordnro, rrou 6rlprroupyo6v 30 glog ovd 6eulep6tre-firo/ pfiopotipre vo noipvoupre g<ilroypoqir,; ;.rrag prKp{S ogoipogrrou rrigrer Kor vo 6rcrrrorr6voupe drr ra 6raorri;raro eivqr ovd-lolc pe rc rerpriyrovq rt'rv;1p6varv.

H rrrriroq ev65 oriporos oro rev6 trfyerot ekf9epr1 nr<isoq. flerpoprorr rd crroEer rvdercr drr :

q) fro rcu6 6Act ra otitpara r(.groov raurdypovap) H eletlOe pr1 nr<ror1 xd?t ou.tparog {var u)rjypappq opaAd t-

nrayuv6yevq xivryory.

H NEPITPAOH TII : KINHIH:

I

e

Page 57: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Me rrg 66o rrpoqyo6peveg rrpor,ioers 6rorun<overor o ley6-

;.revo5 vdpog r4g ele60eprlg nrc6oq,;.Erpdoov enrtrd{oupc xordMqtro rr6orqpo ovorpopdg (pe ro-

roxdpurpo d€ovo) 11 rivqorl rdOe ovrrxerpdvou nou rrdrprer ororevd rreprypdcperor pe rrg e{,roc6oer<;

, =L* ' u = storrg onoieg ro ofypotro y rroprorirver rq 0dor1 rou ovrrrerpi-vou Kor ro u rnv roldrqrd rou rord rq lpovrxq orryprl t erpd-oov 0sopr10e i <rr5 oplq rcrrv xp6vov q orrypq Trou ogdoqre vorrdoer. To ofppolo g noprordver rr1 popurrr( enrrdXuvorl n o-rroio r) rord 14 6rdpr<ero rqg nrc6oqg nopap6ver oroOepq rot

rr) eivor ove{dprqrq an6 ro FdpoS rou orf)Foro5 ro onoio rrdgrer.Iro prero{6 orprBefg prerprloe rg f6er{;ov drr, dv rreproprorodpe

orr1v errrgdv€rq rls Oriloooog, rl rrF4 rrlg popurrrrl5 errrrdluvoqgrropouord(e r prcx ori{qoq Fs ro yeorypogrxd nldrog. Irov rorlpeprv6ro g eivar 9,78 mfs', oro y€cr>ypogrrc6 rrtrirros rrou ppiorceror q EIld-6o yfveror 9,81 mls'evc6 oro Bdpero f ' l6lo grdv€r rr lv rrpq 9,83m/s'. To potrdpr rrou 0o nioer ond ro ldpro evd5 louq6o6 poOqrrlprd(ercr lfyo neproo6repo vo ouvovrrlOef pe ro f6c<poq, oe oXdorl

;re ivo potr6pr nou 0o ndoer oro i6o<po5'rou [1epori.

I

hl

e

Page 58: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

'Orov {errvodoope ro rcegdAaro rEprypaEry rr:,9 xivrloqs prrlorioopeyro rlAerrp6vro fiou rcrvo6vrov y6po orrd rruprlveg Kdr yro gdtrlorrou rrdgrouv ro g0rv6fiopo. Ircr rrro notrld o1r' rq nopo6e rypro-ro, or rrvqoer5 6ev erXav ro yvc6propo rrlg euOriypCIppns rpoldg.

f lop' 6lo ourd, pdlpr rc6po nepropror l l ro;re p6vo orrg euOri-ypo1rp€S r<rvrloerq xr qur6 ro xdvope ordrrrpcr. Eivor rrro onl6g orqvrreprypcx<pr1 rous Kor rour6lpovo ovcryxoio rrrotrorrdrr ytq vo qvrt-

percorriooup€ rrS rro}drrtrore5 rapnutrdypCIJp€S r<rvqoe rg rrou fio-pouord(ovror orq quorl.

Tc6po 0o npoyopqooupe l(yo rropcrriprx. Oo oolotrqOorjpre perrg errine6eq ropnul6ypopp€S r<rvqoerg, otr\d rr our6 6ev 0o 'vorrrapd pro fipo€TorFooio yro rrlv neprypcrcpry rcov rcuxhrc6v rcvrloerov.H ra;gir4ru. Irrg eu06ypoptlss rrvrloerg rrcx6loxolouOrloape rnv ot-

ro66p4oq evdg peyfOous, ' ro o-rroio 6ive r undvrqoq oro epotrrl-pora <rrdcio yp4yoF,o) Kor (fipos

To fiou) r<rve ircr ivo cvrrre i;revo.To 6rovuoporr16 ourd ; . rdye Ooqro eirrope rolirqro.

'Orqv ivo rrvqrd ppior<eror oero;rnrJlq rpo1d, q ovdyr<r1vq 6o-0t i dprcpoorl orov 6rovuoporrrd

Xoporrqprr rqg rolirqrcxg eivornolr j peyol6re pn. To r<rvqrd6rapr<c65 <rrrpiper> 6qlo6q olld-

H TIEPITPAOI-] TI ] I KINH:H:

-e

Page 59: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

(er o6rdrono rqre60uvorl Kor orrd orryp( oe orryprl 1pe ro(dpoore

;rro rcorvorjpru ntrqporpopio yro ro (lrpos 'ro fiou) rcve (ror.

[-tcr vo neprypdr.poup€ Fro en(ne6r1 roprnulSypcx;rp11 xivqon Xp€r-o(6proore ivo op0oyc6vro o6o14po o(dvov xOy. lloporcolouOofpedvo rivqrd. Tr1 lpovrrq orr pq t ppiorertrr olo oqpeio M, evol perdond lpdvo At, e ivor oro on a(o M' Kcr q fr€rorcirrroq rou MM' : A/.OJI.S Kor orls eu0uypol;peg rrvqoerg, r,r nqtr(r<o rr15 ;reror6rrroq5Ai npog rq 6roprero At triyerar pdoq ro116rrpo (uu) rou rcvqro6 cx-116 rq orryprl t;rd1pr rr1 orryprl t + At. Tc pr6ye0og ourd 6Ev e(vor o-rroretreopcrrrd o'ro vo 6c6oEr nlqpocpopir:S yro rrlv ropnul6ypopprlrivrloq, eivor dpror5 ovoyroio, yrorf ;re pdcq our6 prrropo6pre vo opf-ooups ro r6roire po ev6rocpipov piyeOog orrypnia raytjrrlra.

H ro16111ro os Frc lpovrrcrl orryprl op((eran pe oultroyrop6 ovd-loyo npog e rtivov rrou rdvopr€ orrlv e u0riypoppq rivrloq, 6qlo6(oov dpro rqg pdoqg roldrqrog, 6rov ro At rsiver oro pq6iv. Irqvrrepinrroorl d;rog rqg ropnutr6ypoppns r<ivqo4g, 6'rov ro At re iveroro prr166v, ro brdvuopo rq5 prerordfitorl(; rsive r vcx yiver erporrr6pe-vo rrls rpoldg. Aur6 oqprcxiver 6rr ro 6rivr-ropa rrou n€prordve r rr1orry;.rrofo roXrirqrcx erpdrrrelor orqv rpoXrd oro oq;re io M oro o-noio ovocpipsror Kor fXer rqv rorerjOuvorl rr15 r<ivqor1g.

hct va agatp(ooupe and tva \fivoopa 6 (.- Na tpoof.{oo1te 6'n ro 8dvuopa Ad i.yervc 8rdvr.topa d', rrpoo)trooye oro d ro c- xared1uvory rdvra rpoq, ro xoiAo y(.poqvri1so rot 6'. rqc rpoyfiq.

H enrrriluvorl. Eivar govepd 6rr orrg xcrpnutr6ypCIpl-rss r<rvrloerg qroldrqro peropdtrtreror -routrdlorov rord rqv rcxre6Ouvoq rqg-orrd orrypq oe orrypq. Kord rqv rivrloq ovd;reoo oe 66o Odoe rq A(rc16rqru d,) ror B (roljrrlro dr) q peropolq .nS roprqro5 rropr-ordverqr pe rr1 6ro<popd r<ov 6rovuoprdrcrrv ii, <or d,.

-fo nqlirco rr"1g ;rerapotrqg npoq rov 16rdvo rrou our4 rrpcryporo-rlorqOrlre qno'rele( rq pdorl errrrdluvoq rou rrvqrou d, : Au. / At.'Orrorg Kcxr orrlv eu06ypopp4 rivrloq, orlyprroio enrrdluvoq ovopd-(eror ro 6pro, rrpo5 ro orroioT eivel 11 pdcrq enrrdXuvorl, 6rcv ro At

-e

F] t IEP TPAOF] TI ] : K NH:H)

Page 60: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

reiv€r oro pq6iv.Ie ovriOeorl pre ro 6rdvuopCI rrls roljr4rog rrou eivqr erponr6-

F€vo orrlv rpoXrd, ro 6rdvuopo rqg enrrdluvorls rareuOdveror rrd-vrors npos ro roiXo FipoS rqg rpoXrdq.46o evdra<pdpouoeg ouvrorr5ocg rrlg errrrrixuvons. H rreprypcrpqrtrlv Koprrul6ypopprov rrv4oeov pnope f vo r;{urrqperrl0e i ond rrlvovdluoq rqg rollrqros Kor rqg enrrdXUVOlS oe ouvrorc6ots fio-pdtrlrlleg rrpos rous d{oveg x Kor y.

Er6rrd dp<lg yro rrlv errrrdluvorl, H€yol6repo ev8rogfpov, ondguorrq ororrrd, rropouord(er q ovdtruorl rq<; oe enrrpripo Kqr K€-

vrpo;rrilo,luvror<6oq.H ovdluorl ourrl yiveror oe

66o d{ove<;op0oyc6vrous p€ 0pX4ro oqpreio:-r15 rpopd5, oro onoioppiorceror rd0e gopd ro rrvrlrd.E(vor 6r1tro{i( d{oveg xrvrlroi. O f-vcg i1e r rrv rare60uvorl rrls r0-

l6rqrog rcrrr o dtrlog rore u06ve-r0r lrpos r,r roixo r15 rpoxdS.

Kor' our6v rov rpdrro rrpoxUrrrouv 66o cruvrorc6oeg. H errrrpd-

Xto ouvrorrioo d, pe rq 6re60uvoq rqg rolUrqrog (xor gopd nouprropef vo e ivor xor avr(Oerrl) ror 4 rcevrpoprrilo5 ouvrorc6oa ci^ pe<ore60uvo4 npos ro roilo rq5 rpoldg.

Or 6tio curig ouvrorrioeg rropouord(ouv rlvo er6rrd ev6rorpipov.Kr our6 yrori pioo ond prcx oerpd outrtroyropciv -fiou rl nopouoioorlroug {enepvde rrrg npoOdoe 15 rou prptriou- r6rlyoriproor€ oro ou-prrrfpooyo 6rr rcdOe pro ouvrorr6oc dler ivcxv er6rrcd pdlo oro (qrr1-pc rnS ;reropol{g rqg ro16111ro9.

O onorlerorr169 pdtroq rq5 enrrp6xros ouvrorr6oog, rrou prro-po6pe vo rq Aipe ror enrrpdpo enrrdXuvorl, r;ivor vo peropdltrer ropdrpo rrlg ro16rqro5.

Arr'r4v dMn, q revrpogdlog ouvlort6oa 'q revrpo;r6log enrrd-

Xuvon) eu0dverqr privo yra rq ;rtrapolti -tl'n

rarsdOuvoq rrls ro-

16r4rcg. Oo trrnopodoop€ vo no6pe 6t <orp,(per> ro 6rdvuoFrd rnsrcrl6rqro5 Xcopi'S vo peropdller ro prirpo rq5. Irrg euOriypoppeg rr-vrloerg, yrcx rrcpd6erypro, 6ev urrdpXer rcevrpop,5log errrrdluvon, svc6eivar o66voro vo rrpoy;.rcrorrorqOei rivqoq repnuldypoppq Xcopigrevrpopd,lo enrrdXuvoq.

H NEPITPAOH IHI KINH:H:

-e

Page 61: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ie ndpo nolld povritro, rrou enrv6qoqv or dv0p<orrorYto vo e{lyn-oouv rq oupdvro gorvdpevo, or xurfurdg rrvrloer5 erlcxv pro 0doq, 0o

;rnopo6oope vo no6pe, fipovoFroKrj. Fra rqv oplcia etrlqvrrrl ori-rq,'q 11 rurhrq 6ev qrov prro onoro6rlnore r<ivqoq.'Hrov q <ritrero>

riv4or1, n XCDpfS appl ror rdtrog rfvr1or1, rrou €rrovdloppdverar o-mopdrrpo. 'Hrov q rivrlorl rrou ernKporo6oe orous oupovo65. frcrov flldrovo ro oXrlpo ro6 K6opou qrov ogorptx6 rot dleg or rrv(-oerg yivovrov oe rdxloug pe opor6popgq rcrldrqrs. Me rq ouppolqKor rou Aproror6lq rl drroqrrl our( onorileoe 66ypo, nou 0c lpet-o(6rov 66o nepi'nou 1trrerqpib€S yrd vo opgroprlrq0ef.

Ta yeyovdro. r) O 6ioros rrlg Xpovoq<oroypogiog rtveitot ndv<rr oeoeporpdne(o orrlv drprl vrlporog. rr) Or p:rpqoelg prdg 6eflvouv 6rroe iooug lp6vou5 ro ovrrre ipevo our6 brovftt ioeq onoordoerg. rrl)Ie rdrroro orryp4 o 6iorog orreleuOepcbverqt qrr6 ro vrlpo ondreo'py((er vq rrveirqr eu06ypoprpo rard rrlv cgorrrop6vq rqg rpo1d5.

H Oeoprprx{ oxdrprl. r) Av Oe<lpr1'DouF€ ro revrptr6 orlpeiorou 6iorou (6rrou rrpoo6fvercr ro vrlpro) <oS orlp€tdK6 qvrt-

re (pevo prnopodpe vo cvrtrpiooup€ rt lv rpold rou oovrp4Fo ev6q rr j r lou y€rr lprsrprrot i rqt rrq 6roypog6peveS6rc6popig rou oS 6rcrypog6pevq 16€o.

rr) Boor(dprevor orrs ptrp4oer5 6tcrrtorrivoupre 6rr r<d0erpopd nou 6rarpo6trre ro pr(rog rou orrotou6qnore 6rcrypo<p6-

;revou rd{ou fipos rov owiororXo;p6vo ppioroupe ro i6to o-

O 6ioro5 oro dxpo

I

e

H NEPIIPAOH THI KINH:H)

Page 62: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

noril€opCI. Ifggcovo 6e pre 6oo einc;re orrs KoFrrutrdypoppeg rrvq-o€rs ro oroOepd ourd nqliro eivor ioo pe ro prirpo rqg rcrX6rqrog.

rrr) To yeyovS5 6rr ro ovrrreipevo pd,fug aneleu0epc6vercr rrv€i-ror €(pofiropevrrd evroX6er rrlv r6drr 6rr 11 rcr10rr1ro rordrqv xuxhr( xivqoq eivor 6rdvuopo ii(pqrrrdp€vo orrlv rpo-

xrd.

O opro;rrig. Kd0e rivqoq pre rurlrrcj rpold Kor F€ orqOe-pd pdrpo roldrqrog trdyeror opclri rurlrr{ r(vqoq.

Irrlv oyotrq rurArrq rivqoq ro prirpo rqg rol6rrlrog(u) unoloyf(eror on6 ro onoro6rp'ore nrllfxo 6raypocpd-

l.rrvou r6{ou (s) rrpog rov cvriororllo lpdvo (t)

To 6rdvuopo rrlg ro16rqro5 erpdrrreror orrlv xurfurrl rpoXrd roriler rrlv rore60uvoq rrlg xfvqor15.

H opal{ ruxfux{ rivqoq eivar... ernro;1uvd;revq. Irqv r(vr1or'1 rrou nr-prypdcpoupe urrdpXer, trorrrdv, dvog oroOepdg p,u0;r65 oro (rlrqpo rodn6oo yprlyopo. Aur6 orprpc6g pro5 xdver vo rrlv Xoporrrlp(ovpe opaArl.An6 rqv dllr1, dpo4, dnol5 dleq or xopnuldyp(Ipp€S rcrvrloerq, q opolrlr<urlrrq eivqr K ourq pria rivrloq pre enrrdXuvorl.ll xare60uvoq rqqray6-r4rac, perapdAAeru a6tdrcono, nap' 6Ao nou'ro ytrpo rqc finrr1ptirarma0ep6. H oro0ep6rqro cur4 ouvEieror pe ro yeyovdg 611 4 errrrp6loenndXuvorl eivor iorl pe pq6dv. Movo6rrrl enrr&quvoq eivcr q revrpopd-lo5 rrou rqreuO6verqr rrdvrore rrpos ro riwpo rr;g ruxfurrlg rpoldg.

"Eloupre lorndv pio r<ivqoq rrou, evri rr1 tri;re opaArT, rcxur6Xpova 6e-

X6pome drr iXer enrrdXuvoq. Aurd pog gdpver rbog pe oprlXovio, yrorieivor 66orolo vo 6eXrodpe drr prardrotu rivqorl, orqv onoio dvq urro-Oerrrd rcr;fperpo 0o qrov <roMqpi-vo) orqv i6rc dv6er{r1, prdg nopouord-(ercrr pe enrrdXuvoq, AS prlv {eXvdpe6p<lg 6rr q yl6ooo rr15 guorrqg 6eve ivor om6lurq rqurroyivq pe rqylc6ooo rqg roOrlpeprv6rrlrcrg orqvorro(o n ld€n emrdyuvor1 urrovoef 6-rr rdrr rrveirqr otror{vo nro yp(yopo.

Irqv oprolr l rurtrrx4 xivrloq u-

su=T

H NEPIIPAOH THT KINH'H:

e

Page 63: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rrdpx€r pdvo n K€vrpopdlos €llrdxuvol, I orroio 6ev oXeri(erot p€rq }oyr14 rou nroyp4yopd olld pe rq'r o6rdronq preropol( or4vrore60uvorl rr15 rolirnrqs. Ano6errvrieror Oecrlp4rrrd drr ro pd-rpo rrls oytr((trat pre ro pdrpo rr15 rcrXrir4ros Kot pe ro ;lqrog rr15orrivog, o6;rq<ovo p€ rqv e{iocoorl

u2o*= R

H opc)\{ xurlrr{ rfv4orl eivcr pfo xivrlo4 neplo6rr{. Iro rrpc6roxeqdtroro, orqv evdrqro yto rov 1p6vo, p llrloo;.re yro <porv6pevo rrouenovcxloprpdvovror pre oro0epo6g puOporig Kot ro loporrrlpioopertpto&xd. Einopre ordpo 6rl q nepi<t6og rcol 11 oulv6rqrq eivor ropoorr<d <ororXeio rour6rqrcxg> yro r<d0e nepro6r16 <porv6prevo.

Mnoporjpe rc6pc vo roXuprorofpre 6rr 11 opolrl rurtrrrq rivrlorl ei-vor firo rivqorl ne pro6rrrl. Kr ourd yrari ro r<rvqr6 ovd ioo Xpovlrd6roorrlproro {ovopp(oxerot orn Odoq rou enovqxrcbvrog rqv i6roorprpc65 rolirqro xor errrrdXuvorl rrou eiXe, 6rov pproxdrov orqvnpoqyo6pevrl ourq Odoq. KdOe opoAq r<r,rrfur<q r<ivrloq loporrqpi(e-rot, ouverr<69, cxrr6 xdrroro rrepio6o xor rdrroro ouXv6rqro. Mrro-porjpe pdhoro vo npooopprdoou;;e rous opropofg rcov 66o ;reyr-0c6v orqv rrepinrcooq ourqg rrlg rivrloq<; KGr vo tri;.re d,rr:

Ilepio6og (T) ovopd(eror o lpd,vos rrou orrsrreiror yro vo 6laypo-<pe f pro neprqipe ro rvr6 oulvdrqrc (v) ro nrl}fr<o rou oprOprorj (N)rtrlv rrsprorpocpc6v rrou 6roypd(povrot oe Xp6vo t rrpog rov Xp6vo t.

Eivor v : N/t rol ener6( ytot : T 0o rrivor N : 1, rrpordrrrel drt

Mrroporipe ard;ro vo ouoXeriooup€ 'rnv nepio6o p€ rrlv ro16rq-ro ornv opolrl ruxhrrl xivqoq. Ie lpdvc riv4oqg t : T (ioo ps rrlvnepio6o) 'ro ovrrrefpevo 6ruypdcpe I rd{o ioo ;re 2nR, 6nou R I oxrf-vo rr ls rpolrdg. Buor(6pevor, erropivtr ts/ ornv e{ ioooq u : s / tprropod;re vo r<orolrl€ouFrs ornv:

N4ovri6o yro rrlv rrepio6o rivor <puolx.d ro 1 s. H ou1v6'rrlrcx p€-rptdror pe rq ;rovd6a 1Hz, 'nou orlproive r pio orpocpq cvd 6eurepd-lenro (1Hz : 1 s-'). Or pqXuvotr6yor Xt)norForrorotiv rr1 ;rovd6o 1rpm fiou 0o rrer pio orporpq svd lenrd.

1n=T

u = ,T*,

f:

o

I i I ]EPITPAOH TF]I KINHIHI

Page 64: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

To oepontrdvo errelei ro ouvqOro;.rivo rou 6prtpol6yro. H oepoou-vo6dg, rc0c65 oeppiper roug enrpdreg, xtveitor pdoo oro ceponld-vo, evril rourdXpovo naipver pipoS orrlv nrqorl. H rivrloq rrls a€po-ouvo6o6 Oecopeiror o6v0erq. Kdr qvd^oyo ouppoiv€r Kor F€ rov €-rrrpdrq ev6g rrvodpevou rpivou ra0c6q crvcx(qrei rr1 0ioq rou. l-evt-re6oupe. 'Evo oc6po eivor 6uvar6v vo ouprpreriix€r oe rroll6g rrvrl-oerg. fro vo ;rrropdoouF€ vd 6rarpivoupe rrlv x:dOe pio orrd curd5,

lperd(eror vcr rrqpqFr€pi(ouye F€ rrl qcrvrooio pro5 dleg rrg un6tror-rreq on6re 0o rarolopoivoupe norq eivot 11 rir0e pio rivqoq lolpt-ord.

To rropo6eryporo F€ Ftrqgoprrd prdoo rrpo,rgipovtot. I' ivq e-prroprx6 rrtrofo, nou ro{r6e6er, o loorpdFroS ovepo(ver ;rio oxdtro.Oecop6vros rrl frl oxiv4rr1, ;rnopodpe vc rrodprt:d'rr our6g oupperi-

X€r o€ 6rio rrvqoer5. H pic eivor 11 xoror6pugrl r,:ivqoq, rrou 0q erre-lo6oe av ovipcrve rq oxdlo KGr ro rrloio rltcxv orivqro. H dllrl eGvor pio xfvrlorl p€ Trlv rcrXrirqro rou rrloiou, exeivq 6rlfo6n tou 0oexretrodoe ov ppror6rov oro rtvo6pevo rrtroio, Xcopis vo perortve(-ror prioo o'gur6.

H opxn tnS ovefoprrloio(;A5 6o6pe rc6po rroro pi0o6o Xprlorpolrorei q Krvrlprotrrrl yro vo fi€pt-yp<irper rrg odvOereg xrvqoerg. Baor16 ep<6rr1po rropopdver ro (rrou

ppioreror ivo rcvr1r6>, 'ro onoio orrlv nepinraroq pog oupperiletoe nolli5 rrvqoerg. Kr ord;ro o unotroyropdg r<o'r peye0c6v nou poq-

Oodv orrlv rrsprypoq4/ drr<o5 q rcrXfrqrc rcxt 11 t;rrtr61uvor1.To npoplrlparo qu'rd cvtrpercorri(ovtct qrrrj rrlv Krvqporrrq pe

rq trey6pevq (dpx4 rqg ave{opr4oiog (4 tqS enutrl4tr(og) r<ov rrvrl-

o€(l)v).

<'Orqv ivo rrvrlr6 errelei rourdlpovo nolfu:g rrv4oetg rdOe priocrr6 ourdg e{eliooeror ove{dp'rqro o116 rrg d,\treg>. A5 e{er6rxe6-oouFs ro v6qpo rns CIpx4s ourrjg yto raOdvo urr6 ro rropcrdtorrpoBtr(pora.

u. lro rov npoo6ropropd rq5 Odor1g.H Oioq ev6g rcrvqro6 -ro oroio oupperiXer cre nollig rrvqoel5-

T

e

I EPITPAOHTH:*"" fl

Page 65: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

F€rd olrd Xpdvo t raOopf(eror qv (povr,rorodpre ro rrvrlrd vd €KT€-, le i rdOe prio.rivqorl cve(dprqro Kor 6rq[,oXrrd erri rov i6lo 1p6vo t.I p. IXerrrcd p€ rov urroloyroprd rq5 raldrrlrog (ror rrlg enrrdluv-

, orls)', H roXfrqro (r<or 11 errrrdXuvorl) rqv orroio 0o rropouordoe r ro

rrvrlrd, perd orrd 1p6vo t, urroloyf(errlt on6 ro 6rovuopqrr16 d-r Opotopo rolv roXurrlrtov (q rtrlv €rnroxjvoeov), rrou 0o erXe ro rr-, vr1rd, ov e rrelodoe rdOe pfo r(vr1or1 q\r€Edprrlro ror enf 1p6vo t.i Mnopod;re vo ypdrjoupe:

d : d, + d, +. . . + J"rord: d, ' + d, +. . . + d"

flopo6eiyproro1. 4116 rq odvOeoq 66o eu06-ypCIpJo.lv ror opotrc6v xrvrloe<ovnpor0n'rer r ivqoq eu06ypcppqopol i . 'Evo oolryrdpr, yro rro-pd6e rypo, f iou p€rcKrve frcr peoroo;;pr| roXdrrlro u-, oe olfoqpe rcvodprevn Fdol on6 dvo rpril-tro lopri 11 orroio rrveirqr Kr 0u-

rr1 ;re rol6rqro oraOsp( do, e r<rele f riv4oq e u06ypop1.rq opotrr1.Ecpdoov 4 Uo ror q Ju, e ivor oro0epdg, 0o eivor oroOepq ror 11 0..

d. : do + d,

Mdvo orrlv rrepirrroroq rrou do : - dr, rrpor6rrrer rcrXrirr1ro pq6iv.2. Arl-6 rr1 o6v0eoq pia5 e u0rjypotrFrns opolrl5 r<or priog e u06-

ypoppns o;rofui enrraXuvdpevrlg npor<6-fir€r/ orq yevr <r1 rre pirrr<ooq, rivqorl oerpold nou eivor yvoorq rog <nopapotrr-rq>, 6rrcrls q rivqoq evdg prrpoti ovrrrerpi-vou rrou pdltre'ror (6Xr roror6pugo) p6oaoro rre6io pcxprirqrog q q rivqorl evd,g or1-perorori goprfr>u nou pdltrerqr qvrioror-

1o pfoo o€ opoyevig r l le rrprrd rre6io.E[aipeoq arrorelo6v or rreprrrrriro€rS orrsorrofeg or 66o r:rvqoerg 61ouv rqv i6ro r<a-

re60uvoq, on6re q rivqoq rrou rrporc6rrler eivcr eu06ypcpprq opctrdl peropoltrdpevrl.

I

e

I t]EP TPAOF'] TFl: K NH>H:

Page 66: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

3. And rr1 orivOeorl prog eu0rjypqppns opolrlg K, ror pro5 opolrl5xuxfurqg Kr.

a. Irqv rrepinroorl fiou rl roX6rqro rrls K, eivor rdOerrl oro €-rrirre6o rlS Kr, rrpordrrrer elrroer6qg rivqoq. Tdrorq xivqoq 0o e-xretrioe r ivc qlexrp6vro ov e prgovrorei oe o;.royeviq pcyvqrr16 tre-6io pe roX6rrlro rrou 6ev eivor o6re nopdtrlq\r1 o6re rdOerrl orrl 6r-e60uvoq rrov 6uvo1.rrxc6v ypoppt6v.

p.Irqv nepinr<ooq rrou n rcrXdrqro rlS K, ppioreror mo errine-6o rrlg K, npor6nrer q }eydpevq rurloer6qg rpold. Tiroro rivqorl e-rrelef ivo 'ruXoio oqpe io rou rpoXod o' ivo rt'rodpevo rro6rlloro.

H nepinroorlrns opr(ovnos BotrrlgH opx{ rqg ave{oprrloio5 rorv rtvrloeov rrqpouord(er ev6rocpipovKcr yrq 6vov orc6po trdyo. A5 rov npood{oupre, Mto orroto6qnore ri-vrlorl pfiopofpe vo rqv ovotrdooups os xrvqocrg arrtrig, vo egopp6-ooup€ rq Oeolpia Kor vo npolcopqooup€ ornv rrepryporpq rr1g.

To napd6erypo FrCIS Fol4S oro ne6io poptlrqro5 eivor loporrrl-prorrr<6. Mro prrprl prrrfiro erogrv6ovf(eror pe opr(6vrro roXtlrrpouo orrd rqv drprl O ev6g rporre(rorj. Tqv rivrloq rrou trroKolou0e iprropofpe vo rq Oeolprlooupre 6rr rrpoipXeror o116 o6v0eoq 6rio xr-

Uo

Av 6ev rmdpler n apxrKn rc16r4ro

I

e

H IIEPIIPAOH THI KINHIH)

Page 67: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Me dop0rrpo xor pe op;1r,lri rcrprr4ra

v4o€ov. A5 rrg {elopiooupe. Ayvoodpre U€ rn gqvrooi'o HoS rn pCI-p6rnro, orr6r€ <6rorpivoupr€) rrlv rrpc6rrl rivqoq. Eivor pro eu06-ypqppq opolq pe opXrrrl rcrxfrqro u0.

Irq ouvilero ufioedroup€ 611 6ev urrdpler roxfTqro uo/ orrdr€pnopodpe vo <6rorpivoupr) rr1 6e6repr1 rivrloq. Eivor prro etre60epr1nrc6oq. Av ecpopp6ooup€ 6oo einope yro rrlv qpx{ rrls ave{oprq-

x = u't oic5, 0o ;lnopiooupre va npopldq'ouFe rn e6on rqg pnilla5oro pdllov.

1 Oecrrpo6pe o -r1 orrypq fiou rl ;.rrriXro e-y = i. *, oecrlpo6pe r,ls opxn rcov xp6vcou r

yroroleiner ro rpctrd(r. fro vo npopliqtroupe rr1 Odoq rrls ps-rd arrd lpdvo t, rr1 govrc(5paorc -oripg<rrvo pre 6oo e irro-

Efiouoeg rou paq, 6L p€- vq rcveiror pe opr(6vrro oroOepq raXdrqro eni lpdvo t.vouv rn Otory rou cvrt- Evrorri(ouprE, irot, dva oqpefo A, oro orrofo eo rprdoer rrlxetp€voo oe xd1e Xpovt- orryp{ t. Oo eivar OA : uot. Atrd ro A rq rpovro(6;.roore, orqxr1 orryyry. ouvfXero, vo rrigrer eleri0epo erri rov i6ro lpdvo t, ondre

grdver oe dvq orlpeio I pe AI :1/zgt'?. H 0ioq ou-rq I eivor q Odoq, orqv cnoio npdyprorr 0o ppior<e-ror perd Xpdvo t qn6 r'q orryprl rrou eyxorile rr1.rer4v drp4 rou rpone(ro6. Eivor gcvepd drr pe ro-rdltrrllq errrtroyq o{6vcov or ouvr€rcypdr.'e5 Odoqg(x,y) 0o Eivovrar o116 rrg 66o e{roc6oas x = uot r<cry = t/, gf, or orroieg orrorelo6v rrg e{ror6oerg rivq-oq5. Me orrclorcpr; rolr lp6vcrrv rrpor6rrr€r Kqr rltreydpevq e(iooorl rpolrdg

y= 8. x '2ui

2rr7 ypovogtoroypagia \nxpiverar 4 xivqoq66o ytxp<bv ogatpdr, nou fexiv4oav,sur6xpova. (Daiverar rcaaapd 6n ra 66ooti:ycra ppiatcovrar xdot orryyr1 oro i6tooptl6vno enire\o.

q orroio ouoXeri(er rrs ouvrrroypive5 x KGr yrdOe oqpeiou rrls rpoxrdg rcrr, 6rrog pog tr6er q po-Orlpcrrrrj ovdtruo4, 11 rpoXrd our( 0c ovrrororle ioro y€coperprx6 oXrlpo rr15 nopoBotrq5.

r rEPrrPAol-] TH: KtNU:F]:

I

e

Page 68: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

A€i(er V-o brrlroup ipgooq oro 6t, rord rqv npdpleq,rq rrlg 0i-or;5, 6e1rrlroF€ rqv r 6111ro rprc6v 1p6v<ov,

o. rou lpdvou rrou 0o ircxve q pnfilo va rrvrlOeiqrrd ro O pilprTO A,

p. rou 1p6vou rrou 0q ixsve vs rrdoer qrrri ro A mo I rorordpu-9q Kql

y. rou 1p6vou nou lperdorlK€ yro vq F€roKtvrl0e i qrrd ro O oroI oe nopopotrrrrl rpolrd.

To rno oqpovrrrc6, iocog, orr' dtro eivqr drr 6rq0iroups FtCI r€XV[-rr1, nou prog enrrpdn€t vo npopAinoupe rts Oioerg rqg prrrfirog oerdOe Xpovrrrl orrypq.

I

N

e

H IIEPIIPAOH THI KINHIHI

Page 69: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

(Av oe xdrroro np<iBlqpa Xpe rcore irero p6rpo rqg popurrrrl5 errrrdluvoqgvo ro Oeop4oere yvcoord rqr ioo pe 10m/s'. H ovrioraorl rou odpo 0o 0ecopei-ror oprelqric).

2.1. l-lc6q npoo6ropi(rror ro dOporopo66o 6rc6olrrrirv perororr(oeolv; Aef{rero pre dvo ox4pCI.

2.2.f t t r iyercxr 6rdvuopo; l -1oro peydOrlldyovrar 6rovuopcrr rd;

2.3. florq peyd0q liyovror pov6prerpc;

2.4. l-loro eivor q oxion rorv eworc6v 0i-orl Kcrt pterardntorT o€ prq eu06ypol.rp11r<ivrloq;

2.5. flore5 nlqpocpopie5 po5 6iver 11 rc-

X6r4ro ev<i5 ovrrrerpivou c) pe ro p6-rpo rns; p) pe rrlv rore60uvorl rqg;

2.6.2e rr avcrpdperor i1 ivvoro p(.or1 ra-y6rrya; tl<69 opf(eror; l-l<69 pnopodpev0 rrlv perprlooupe;

2.7.2e rr ovogiperor 11 dvvoro raytjrrl-ro; flr6g op((e^ran;

2.8. Ac6ore rq ouvrop6repq orrdv'rqor1oro epc6rrlpd: (rroro rivqoq ldyeror eu-e6ypcpprl opolrl;>

2.9. H e{iocoorl x : ut ;rog 6(ver rq 0io4ev6g ovrrrer;rdvou ro orrofo rrveirqr eu-0riypoppa. Kdro o116 nore5 rrpoOnoOi-oe rg ro;rje r I e{iocoorl ourq; [1oro e ivor r1

popqrl rrls ovrrororxrls YpCIqrK4S Tro-pdoraoqg;

2.10. flc6g ,lpf(erqr 11 ivvotc tmrdquv-or7; florct eivor 11 povd6o pdrpqorlg roupeydOoug;

2.11. f16rt.;rro eu0riypa;rpq rivqorl 0eo-peircr opro),d errrrcXuv6prevrl; fioreg ei-vor or rrpoi)no0doerg c6ore 11 e{,ioooqu:ot vo ;.rog 6iver rrlv rol6rqrq (u) rouovT rre rpdvou oe r<d0e lpovrrrl orryprl;

2.12. ffotci :ivor 11 popq{ rqg ypogrxrl5rropdoroor; g raX6rqrog lpdvouo) rcord rqv eu06ypoppq opcl4 xivqoqev6g ovrrrerpdvou;p) rcord rqrr eu06ypcrppq opotrd €rrrrq-

Xuv6pevq Krvrlon evd5 ovrrre rpdvou rouono(ou q rcry6rqro rcrd r4v oppl rrrlv

Xp6v<rrv eivcrr pq6iv;

2.1 3. Zt i1-t<1)ovo Fs'rr1v Aprororelr rr1<puot<r1q) Kord 14v nrc6oq evdg orepeorj oc6-

Horos/ oriv'r-opo qurd orrorrd pio oro-Oepq rc16rpo.

B) Kord rqv nrc6oq oro <evd q rcrX6rrl-rc ev6g oc6proro5 eivar ovdtroyn fiposrov Xp6vo rq5 nrc6or15.y) 'Evo ovr refpevo rrro pop6 orrd ivodllo neprdl'er peyotrrjrepq noo6rqro o-116 ro oror;1eio [r1 rar rrcpouord(e t rrroivrovo rqv rdoq va rrvq0e i f ipos Tr l<puorrq rou 06oq.Me rrord on6 ourd oup<p<oveire;

2.14.lkitg rreprypd<pe r 11 Aprororehrrl<puorx( rqv rrrr6orl evdq ovrtret;rivou;[1c59 orrovrd oro epc6rqpo: <o116 rr e-loprdrar q relrrrl roX6rqrc ro)v ovrr-rce rpiv<ov>;

2.1 5. floro e;rrr66rc ouvdvrqoe o l-qhloi-

H NEPIIPAOH THI KINHIH)

-e

Page 70: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

oS Frdxpr vo gedo€r oro vdFro rns EI€6e€-prls rrrtrrons; fk65 ro cxvrrperornroe;

2.16. f n,vc o64yq0e f o tcrtrr lo io5 orovd,po rr15 elerjOeprl5 rrrc6oq5o) Xprlor;ronoiqoe dvo oorlqva revorj.p) Xpqorponoirloe dvo rerfuprivo enine-6o rrrore 6ovrcg drr o lcporrrlpCIS rrlsrivqorlg prog ogcipog nou rutrder ndvorou e ivor i6rog pe ere ivov rqg ogoipoqrrou ndcprer etre riOepo.y) Xprlor;rono(qot dvo re r<lr;rdvo enire-6o rrroredovrcg 6rr dror rrepropr(drov 11nopdppcorlrou cdpo orqv rivqoq.6) Xprlorponofqoe dvo rer<fupdvo enine-6o 616rr qu'r<i rou d6rve rq 5uvar6'rqroyro Xpovol-rcrprioer g eleq6preveg.Me rroro qrt6 aurd 6logoveire;

2,17.Tr nroredoupe or lpspo drr ro l r jerrord rrlv ele60epq rroloq;

2.18. fl<69 6rogoponoreiror q rrprl rqqpopurrr4g errrrdXuvoq5 oe oXdoq pe royr<oypccpr r<<i rrtrdrog;

2.19.Tr pdlo nci(er q revrpo;.rdlos €nr-rdXuvoq; l16re prio rurfurrl rivqoq trdye-rcrr opolrl;

2.2O. Tr ewoorlpre ldyovro5 6rr 11 opotrqrur<trr r<r1 r<ivqo4 eivor errrrcXuv6pevq;

2,21 .ltc.r( q o;ralr1 rur<trrr<( r<ivqorl e(vorrrepro6rrq; l-1c69 opi(ovror or dwore5 rre-pio6og rcxr oulv6rqro orqv rrepirrrororlourrl;

2.22. Kcrrd rqv opclrl r<urtrrrrl rciv4oq 11roXlirrlrc dler pirpo (oo pre ro (orroro-6rlnore) nqtrfro 6rcypcgd,pevou rd{ouoe opro;rdvo Xp6vo rrpos rov Xp6vo au-16. fkig ;rnopo6;re, poor(Spevor o' qu-16, vq ono6ei{oupe rr l oXdoqu : 2rrR/T q ono(o ouv6ier ro pirpo rq5roXfrrlrog pr rnv nepio6o rrlg rurfurrl5rivrloqg Kor ps rqv orr(vq rqg rpopdg;

2.23.llti:g 6rqrurrc6r,eror 11 cppl ove{cp-

rrloiog rorv rcrvrlrearv; l-k6g npoo6ropi(e-ror pdoer ourqq, q 0ioq ev6g xrvqro6 roorroio ouppe'r6Xr;r oe 66o rrvrloerg;

2.24. lki,g pnoporjpe vo rrpopldq-'ouperrg pel lovr lr<dq 0doe r5 ev6g ovrrrerprd-vou rrou e rro{t6e'rar opr(6vrro; flore5€(r,,Gr or avriororXeg e{rorooer5 fiou HoS6ivouv rri 0doq r-ou;

l$c cvcpot4$or'lpe...

2.25. H gpdoq <pn xivrlory 6ev propeivs, Treprypagei rrapd pdvo oe oX€or1 Stexdnoto o1orrlpa cvaEopd> oqpcive r drrq (6ro r<ivrlorl <oS rrpos 6rio 6rccpoperrrdouorrl prcrro ovoQopdg :o) rreprypd(p€r,r t pe dl treg e€ro<r6oe rS(Ioord rlAd0og;)p) e pgov((srqr p€ 66o 6ro<poperrr i5rpo1d5 (Ioorci ri AdOog;)

2.26. Aivt 6rr o Einstein rc{r6e6ovro5<drrore pe ro rprlvo p6rqoe : <Irapord-tr o'qur6 ro r-pdvo q ndlq Crewe;>'EXerv<iqpro prc rdrorcr epc6rqorl; Ar<orotroyrl-ors rrlv orrdvrqc,q.2,27. f rct t( 6ev prroporjv vo ouvrvvorl-0o6v; Ariore rdrrorq €q4ynon.

2.28.'Evs rropror<cli loprrd<r eivor ore-peropdvo orq (dvro ev6g no6qtrdrou.

H IIEPITPAOF] THI KINH>H)

t 'I

I

h

e

Page 71: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

-e

A6o nopornpqris cvrrloppdvovror p€6rarpoperrrd rpdno rr'1v rpopd rou. Odvog unoorqp((tt 6rt ro0cil5 rpdXer rono6qloro q rpold nou 6raypdg€r rotroprrdrr eivor rurfurq, ev<ir o dMog 6rc-rpiver 6rr q rpoXrd rou i6rou ovrrrerpi-vou 6ev eivqr xuxfurr1. l-lorog iler 6irro;Arroroloyr lor€ rr lv orrdvr4oq. 'Evo5rpf'rog oxfgrerar 6rr, crv rlrov ivtollope voqpoo6vrl Kor ppror6rov o€ ouyK€-rpr;rivq 0ior1, 0o Erorriortove 6rt 6ev u-rrdpXer rpoXrd.'E1er 6frro; frorf;

2.29. L6o oproe r6ry <puorrd peydOq, ;ri-rporv 6 ror 8 povd6orv qvr(ororxo, rTpo-orr0iprevo 6ivouv piye0og 1t( . tpoo 14

;rovd6<ov. To 66o ourd ;reyiOrl 0o prro-porloe v0 tfvor:c) lpovrrig 6rdprere5

9) P<ilesy) ;,rercrorrioer5 6ragoperrrc6v Kcr€u-06oecov6) percrrorrioerg i6r<ov rqreuOdvoecov.Me rrorq qrr6 ourd ou;rgcoveire;

2.30. l - leprypdcpoupre rqv eu06ypap;rqrivrlorl ev6g cvrrrerpivou lp4orponorc6-vrog d{ova o orroiog ouprrrirrret p€ Trlvrpo1d. Kcrd rrg lpovrxig orrypig 1.,, t,Kor t3 or ovrimorleg Oioerg rou ovrrK€r-yivou qrov +30 cm, +42 cm rqr *33cm. Flpoo6ropiore rrg prercrorrioet5 roucvrrrerpivou rord 14 lpovrrq 6rdpreroq) orrd t1, tos t2 p) crrd t, tog t, r<cr y) c-rrd t, urg tr.

2.31 ,Ze rr 6ragdper 11 dvvoro raX6rqrarqv onoio XpnorFonore f q guorr<r1 orrdrqv opc6vuprl iworc nou Xprlorporror-orlpe orrlv rcOrlpeprvrl pcS (or4;

2.32. Efuan 6uvardv ivo cv'rrreip€vo vodler rcX6rrlro 800 km/h ror rauroXp6-vcos ro i6ro cvrrreiptvo vo 6Xer ra16rq-rc pq6iv; Ie rrepirrrooq rcorocpcrrrcq5arrdvrqoq5 6c6ore iva tcxpd6ery;ro.

2.33. l-loro r:pcirrrloq rrpifi€r vo prc5 rd-vouv yro vo 66ooupe r4v ondvrqorlo) puOptig perapolrlg r4g 0iot15p) pue;r6g peroBotr4g r45 rcrXdrqrog

2.34. H rclrirqro 6ro<pCper cnd rrlv e -rrrrdXuvoq r<ord ro 6rto) q pio e r,ppd(er ro <116oo yp{yopqoMd(er q 0dor1> ev65 ovrtretpdvou ev<il

n dMq ro <rr5oo ypqyopq olld(er 11 ro-

Xdrrlrd rou'>

P) n pi'c e(vcrr ;rdyeOo5 6rovuoyortr6 evri

n dllq ;rovdperpoy) ilouv rrirurore 6rcgoperrxis Korsu-0rivoerg.Me rroro snd qurd ou;tgorvei,r-e;

2.35. To no:pordro 6raypdpporo qvo-

<pfpovror or; ovrrreipevo rrou ppiorercr

6rapx<il5 rrrivco orrlv i6rc eu0efq. To xncprotdver rq 0dor1 rou, ro u rrlv rcrX6-rqrd rou Kcu ro t rq lpovtt<4 orryp1.Ie rr ovocpiperor roOiva orrd ourd;

2.36. Or rrcrpcrdrco oldoer5 ovocpipo-vror orqv Kivrlorl evd5 avrtretpivou rrou

Bpiorerar 6roprc6g rrdvo orrlv f6ta eu-Oeio. To x rrcprordver rq 0doq rou, ro urqv rol6rqrd rou K0r ro t rq lpovtrqorryp(.c)x: 70 + 4t F) u:2ty) u = 20- 3t6)x=4I l2t 'Ie rr ovo<piperar rdOe prro crr6 curig;

2.37. Ksr6 'rr1v eu06ypcpprl opolrl rivq-orl:o) Or prerorcrioer5 eivcr cxvdloy€S rrposrou5 lpdvou5p) lcrXder x == 1/z ct' 6rrou x 11 Oioq rcr oq errrrdXuvrrrl rou cvrtrerpivou

H IIEPIIPAOH THI KINH:H>

Page 72: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

y) H roxrlrqro 6rcrqpeiror moOepq6) H enrrdXuvoq 6ev eivor ioq pe p46iv.Me rrorc arr6 our<i 6rocp<oveire; f nr(6ro<p<ove ire;

2.38. Kord rqv eu06ypcpprl opold errr-raXuv6;-rev4 xivqo4 (uo = 0)o) Or percrorrioerg eivor ovdloyss rrposrou5 XprSvou5p) H raXdr4ra 6roprrig peropdllerary) O pu0p65 peropolqg rqg rapirqro5eivor moOep<ig6) H enrrdluvorl i ler oro0ep6 pirpoohld percpolldpevrl rcre60uvorle) lcr;6er u = 0t 6rou u q ro1614ro roro q errrrdXuvorlMe rrorc o116 qurd ou;-rcp<oveire; Arror-oloyrlme rqv ondvrqoq.

2,39. Z' ivo 6rqyqpc snrornpovrK4S qq-vrcoiog eivor lerpc6vos, Xrovi(er rcrr o Apr-ororitrr15 ;re ro folrtroio ou(qrodv X<rlpigvs roorc6vovror. l-lcporlpo6v rrlv rrrc6-orl prcs vrgd6ag Xrovrod rcr errrXerpo6vvc arrcvrrloouv oro <yrori rrirpre r rrroopyd ond iva pap6 p<iroclo>. IcS (n-ro6pe va ypdqrere ivc prrp6 6rdloyo.

2.40. Ele60epq nrrioq eivaro) q rrrcOoq ev65 ale{rnrorrorrlp) prc rivr;oq rrou yiveror oro rev6y) I nrc6orl ev6g ovrrrerpivou ro orroioo<prlver an6 ra Xipro rou ivog oorpo-vo6rrlg rrdvcrr crrd rrlv errrepdvero rourpeyyopro6Me rroro o116 ourd ou;.rrpoveire;

2.41. Kstd rqv ele60ep4 nrcborlo) 'Evc popri wrrreipevo nd<prerrour<i-

Xpovo pe dvo rrotr6 rrro papdp) H 0do4 xdOe qvrrrerpdvou Siveror q-116 rqv e(iocrloq y : '/, gty) H rcrldrqrq rdOe cvrlre rpfvou 6ive-rcr qrl6 rrlv e{(ooor1 u = BtMe rroro orrd qurd oupgcrrveire;

2.43. Kqrd rq 6rdprero prog o;.rolrlg ru-

rfux(g rivqoq5'n eivor ourd rrou 6ev pe-yotrc6ver, 6ev prrpoive r cllld 6roprr65olld(er; Arxoro,\oyrlor€ rnv cndvrqor'1.

2.44. Lt rr 6rcgripe r q iworo tmrdyuv-oq rqv orroic X)qoForrots( q rpuorxq o-116 rrlv opc6vupr; dvvoro rrou Xpqotpo-rrorori;re orrlv rrrOqprprvrl (<or1;

2.45, f w vo ypdq;oupe ro rerpdlcro Anpiner n Fgrn 'rou popxo66pou vo ilerentrdXuvoq; frcr rroro qrrd ro xecpoloioypdppcra tou crlcpoprlrou crrrorreircr 11<Hrjrrl> vc €Xe r ,)rroo6rlrrore revrpo;r6-Io errrrdXuvorl; Arroroloyqore rrg 66oorrovrrloe r5.

2.46. A''tr6 rrg rropoxdr<o liferq ror e{r-odroer5 vc 6rcli{,ere rr5 rordllrltreg yrcvo yepioouv rc revd rou xerpivou:

ENITAXYNOMENH ]\4ETABA\AETAI NEPIOAIKH KENTPOMOAOI

AIATHPEITAI TO METI'O A^^MEI NEPIOAOI:YXNOTHTA HKATEYJYN:H EnITl\j(YN:H u=2TR/T

TAXYTHTA OMMH u=rR' /T u '=qxR

Ktrd rrlv xurcfurcr1 xfvq-or7 ev6g orytenxoi amrceryt€vou n rdxtjrq-rd. . . . . . . . . . . AAAd(t t ouveyutg

.. rr1c, ev<It .............. rqq6nrr1p{rar. Ytrd,oyet ..... rl o-ro ic, yaparcrr1 p ilieratxa&.bg ro oyennS 8dvuopa rcareu)iverslouvtXrltg Trpoc ro xtvrpo rrl,S rpoylriq,. Hxivrlorl eivcr ,......................t s^Ad eivat xo't

..... ra)<itg ro nvq'rd avd iosypow rcd 6rc,orr7p,s7s {avappio xercl orrl0i,or1 rou cvarcrtivrag rqv ...............rou Kat rqv erndyuvory rot). H

o' aurqv rqv repirnu-t-or7 opii(uat toq ypdvoq anraro1pwog ynvc \wypaEei pn reptgEperct. E1rcoAa anro-6etxv6erat 6n r7 oy6oq rr1q, rayrjrr1roq, perqv repio\o Ko.t l-tl rqv arcriva rqc, rpoytdgeivat q ev<it mo 66-oro,lq orroderrvrierqt 6n r7 oyiorl rqg rq-yrjrqraq y€ rqv emrdyuvorl Ku IJe rqv a-Krivs, eivsr

H NEPIIPAOH THI KINHIH:

Jh

e

Page 73: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

2.47. l1<itg ;;rropo6pe, pcor(6;revor orqvop1r1 ove{cprqoiog rov r lvqoeov vonpoplirgoupe rrg pellovrrrd5 0ioer5 e-v6g ovrrrerpdvou ro orroio erro{,e6erali) r<oror<6puqo rrpos rq rdro ii) rcoro-ropuga rrpos ro rrdvot; ii i) opl(6vrrcl;I-ko5 pnoporipe vo npoptrdrgoupe rnv ro-lLirrpo evd5 cxvrrrrr;-rdvou ro orroio erro-{e 6eror r) opr(6vrro l) rorordpugo rrposro rdr<o rrr) roror6pugo rrpos ro rrdvot;

2.48.2ro Erdypoprpo noprmdvercr q Xpo-vrr<r1 e{d}r{q rqg rcxlfrrlrog ev6g 6popdorov 100 pdrp<rtv. Tdrorcx 8ruypd;rproro e i-vqr rrold Xprlorpcx orous rrponovqrdg.

5 100ff 9.98s

p) perd qrrd norq lpovrrrl orryprl q r<i-vrlon Htrop€i vcx 0eopr10e f opolrly) oe rroro orrd tq 6e ure p6lerrro rnsr<ivr1o4g nol)ouoioo€ rrl peyal6repn F€-ropolrl roX6rqrog.

2.49. Lrqv'np<irrq an6 rrg rrvr loe15 ropeldrro rrcrprordvouv rnv rolr i r r l ro.Kar orrg rper5 ourdg rrvrloelg undpXer e-

rr trdXuvoq; Ie rroro 6ev urrdple r re -vrpopdlog r nrrdXuvoq; Ar r<ololoyqorerr5 orrcxvrrloer5.

Iog (qro6pe pre pdoq ro 6rdypoppo, vonpooSropioereo) rr1 lpovr<r1 orryprl rrou rrcpouoiooerr1 peyotr6reprl rol6rqro

H NEP]IPAOH TH: K NHIH)

;h

e

Page 74: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

2.50. 'Evc5 orporr<6rqg pc6f(er 100 pd-rpo B6pero, perd 100 prfrpo Aurrrd rqrrilog 100 pdrpo N<jrro.c) l - l6oq e ivor 11 ouvolrxq ondoroorlrrou r<dluq-re;p) nOoq eivot t1 peror6rrrorlrou;

2.51. O ; loroorr lerror(g npoorrepvdro yrorcXi oro 6rgog ;rrog r<ol<ivo5 rqgAEH crprpr6s orrs 09.20. Or 66o r<rvr l-oer5 yivovror pre oro0epdg rcl6rqreg,30 m/s o poroorxtrerror(s, 23 mls toourorivqro.flou 0q ppfoxeror o ;roroorr<lerrorrl5onS 9.20.05;flrioo 0o ofiixouv, rord rq orrypq e-reivrl, rc 66o oXqprora;

2.52.Zttg 12.15 orprpr i5 ro pnpoorrvdrp4po r4g opa[oororlicg g0dve r orqvdr<pr1 rou ro6vel ro orroio 6rao1f(er ;reoro0eprl ' roX6r4ro 20 mls. To prp<o5rr15 opo{oororliog e ivor 200 pdrpa r<orro pqro5 rou ro6vel 800 pirpo.o) flou 0o ppior<ercr q o;-ro{oororlioi ) orrg 12.15.O8; i i ) orr5 12.15.2O; i i i )orrg 12.15.4O;p) n<ior1 rirpo 0o ppiore'ror ol6rdrlprludoq oro rofvel;

2.53. Yno0droupe drr ; r io xopEep(voncrder opr(6vrra eu06ypoppo KGr o€1opr1}6 oXerrrd 69o9. Ie xdnorc Xpo-vrrq orryprr l ne pvder 6irr lq qrrd Kd-rroro rla6i. H lpovrr<r1 ourq orryprrl 0e-olpefror trrs cpxn r<rrv Xp6vcov oro 6rd-ypqpFq 0ior15-1p6vou rrou rreprypd-(p€r rrlv rivqorl rqg.q) noro tfvor ro ei6oq rrlg r(vqorlg rqq;P) nof 0a ppioreror riooepo 6eurepd-Ierrrq apy6repo; f16or1 e ivor q roX6-

x(m)

21

t (s)

rnrq rrls;

2,54. L,io rre(c,n6por poof(ouv orov i-6ro 6pdpo pe oro0epd5 rcX6rr l reg rorrrpos rrlv i6rc rcore60uvoq. O rrporro-pe ud;,revog d1e r ropirqrcr 1,2 m/s ror oerdrroro lpovrrrl orryp( rrepvde r prrpo-ord sr5 pfo crcorfo. T4v i6ro orryp1 odtrloq, rrvoripruog ;re rol6rqro 1 m/s,ppioxeror 20 prdrpo nfool.f lou 0q ppiorercr o rrponop€udpevo5drov o 6edrepc,g cp0doer oro rjqo5 rqgororiog; flou 0o ppioreror 12 6eurepd-Ierrro opy6rep,r;

2.55. 'Evo ovr re ipevo rrve f rcr eu06-ypotrpCI pe orcx0eprl errrrdluvoq 3 m/s'.Kcrd rq lpovrrry orry;rr1 nou Oeopefrorcos opx4 rcov;1p6vrov ro ovrrre f ; . r tvoppioreror orqv errivqoq oe rdrroro oq-

;reio O. Oeopc6vrcg ro O cog oplq rulvo{6vov oa5 (qr o6pre :o) vo rrpopldqere ro (rrou 0c ppfore-rcr)) ro rrvq16 lrerd o116 rpio 6eurepS-lenro,p) vo unoloyicrere rqv rol6rrlrcr rour<ord rq lpovrrri onypq 2s,y) vo rdver€ r l ypogrKq nopdorooqx : f(t') 6nou x 11 Odoq rou Kor t rlXpovr-rr1 orryp1 yrq rq 7 rp<ira,6e urepdle -rrr0 TrlS rivqoq,l rou.

2.56. H eu06ypugprl r<ivqoq ev6g oqprer-oKod ovrrK€rpdrrou neprypdrperor F€ ro6rfypoppo ralir4rog-lpdvou rrou no-pouord(eror rro pordr<o,

I

e

Page 75: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

u(m/s)

B

6

A+

2

0

o)Tr er6ous rivqorl eivor ourrj;

F) floro eivcr 11 errrrdXuvorl rou onpsrc-ro6 cvrrxerpdvou- rq lpovrrrlmry;.rrl 3 s;- rrllpovrrq orrypq 5 s;y) flou 0o ppforeror ro onperoK6 ovrr-reipevo rord rr1 lpovrrq orry;-r4 4 s, cvor4v oppl rcov lpdvatv pplordrov oerdrroro oqpeio O;6) l-16o11 eivor 11 peror6rrror] rou rcqrdro npc6ro 6 6e ure p6trerrro r45 riv4-orls;

2.57. O vecpdg pe ro pq1ovdrcr xrveirqrpe oroOepq roXdr4rc 20 mls. Tq orryprlrrou rrepvde r ;rrrpoord o116 ro rrepirrre-po ro rr€pr1rofur6 pd(er prpos rcr apli-(er vo rov ruvqyder pe orc0epq errrrd-

XUVon 2 mls'.q) Ie rrora orryp4 ro rreprrrofur6 rqr ro

;rr1Xavdrc ilouv ioeg roXdrqreg; I-16oo0o crrdXouv rcrd rr1 orryprl ourr;; l-16-oo 0q orrdXouv B 6eurep6lerrrc perdan6 14 orryp( rrou {erivqor ro rrsprno-furd;

F) fldre ro'neprrrofu16 0q gOdger rov

;.roroorrlerrorr'1;

2.58. Mro proroorxl i rc rrrdve r ro 100km/h oe 7,5 s. Oeorpoivro5 r4v errrrd-

luvor1 rqg oroOeprl oog (qrdpe:o) vo urrotroyioere rrlv rrp( rrlg errrrd-

xuvonsp) vcr unotrc,yio€r€ rrlv raX6rrpd rqg 56eurep6lerro perd rrlv e rrivrlorly) 1pr1or;ronorc6vrog Xapri prfu;.rerpi vordvere rq yparprrrl rropdorcorl rclti-rnros - 1p<i',rou yrq rc 6 npc6ro 6eure-p6lerrro rn(; Ki'vrlons.

2.59. Bao(fFrvor oro 6e6opivo rou rrf-vcro (x,t)

a) vo 6ei€err d'rr q rivrlorl eivor opold e-rrrraXuvtipevq Kolp) vo unoloyioere rqv errrrdXuvoq rourrvqro6.

2.60. O lpdvog ovri6poo4g ev65 o6q-yod eivcr 0,,1 s. Av q enrppd6uvcrrl rouourorrvqrorr e ivor 5 mls', npoorroOrl-or€ vo npollldq.rere edv 0a cnogriye rrq o6yrpou<rr1 ;re ivo orivqro eyrr66ro.Tq orrpq fi()u ro ei6e crrerle qrrd aur650 ;rirpo rorr 4 roX6rqrd rou qtav 72km/h.

2.61. H eu06ypopp4 xivqoq ev65 ovrr-rerprivou rrelrrypdgeror Fr ro fiopord-ro 6rdypopp o rcXtirrlrag-1p6vou.

(r 4 o t(s)

Io5 (qrdpe vc unoloyiorre:o) rqv errrrdXuvoq rou rord rrs Xpovr-rdg olypri5 1s,2s,3s, 6s, 7s rorp) rqv perordrrrorl rou rrvrlro6 rord'rq6rdpre ro rcrrv 8 npr i rcuv 6eure pold-

-e

H T'IEP TPAOI-] THI KINHIH:

Page 76: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

fir(Dv rrls Krvnorls/

2.62, An6 rrlv ropucprl evd5 oupovo{6-orq o<pqveror ivo ovrrrefpevo ror rp0d-vcr oro d6c9og perd ond 3 6eureprile-rrro. fl6oo rlgog dler o oupovo{6orq5;

2.63. Ar'6 dvo oqpeio rou flrlpyou rqgl-li(cg oe 619o5 120 prdrpov ogqveror i-vo cvrrxefpevo. [16re cpOdvel oro i6o-gog; Me rroro roXrjrrlrc;

2.64. H npr6rrl rrfrpo ogrlveror qrr6 ro

leilog rou yrpepod orrg 12.00 crprp<65.'Yore po o116 ;.rro6 6eurepdlenro, o116ro i6ro orlpeio, c<pqvercr q 6efrepq.l-lou 0o ppiorovrar 66o 6eurepdlenrqprerd rr5 12.OO; fl6oo 0o anilouv; flororaldtqrcr 0c dler q ;rio ror noro q dltrrlrord rr1 orrypq e refvrl;

2.65. 2t fvo np6ypopFo npooopoicoor;g;re urroloyrotl, ro rrovrirr exro{e 6er rqprrp4 ogoipo rorcr6pug0 npos rqndvo. Iro o1rlpo 6ivovrqr ro pirporq5 rol6rrlros TnS o<poipc5 lS Xpovr-xd5orrypdgtr = 1 s Kqr t3 : 3 s.Oecoprlore 6rr q rivqorl eivar o;rald errr-rcrXuv6;revq pe cpXrrrl rcrl6rqro.

Ynotroyiore :o) rq ;reropohl rqg rglir4rag yro rrl

lpovrrrl 6rdprer u (11, t3).

B) rrlv enrrdXuvoq rrlg popdrqrcg.y) ro prdrpo rq5 op1rr15 rollrqrog;6) rqv raXdrrlro rr1 lpovrrq oryp4 tq: 4 s.e) oe rr6oo 1p6'ro 11 ocpoipo 0o errcrvil-Oer oro lipr rou rrovrrrrof;

2.66. Mro pouorrrl qpdon 4 onoia 6rcp-reiog 10 6eure66lenrc eyypdrprror o€6foxo 33 o'rpoqr<6v KGr ot piorl orriva14 exaroorcilv.l-ldoo eivor ro HriKoS rou r6{ou fiou Ko-l6nre r n €]rypoq4 rqg ;.rouorrqs qpd-oqs;

2.67. 'Evs oqperor<6 cvrrrefpevo o€ KU-rfurr1 xivqoq 1pe rd(eror 20 6eurep6le-rrrq yro rdOe n),r1pq rreprorpogrl. H rre-prgfpero rou xUrlou eivor 60 prdrpo. c)f1dor1 eivor q ou;1v6rr1rc rr15 nepro6rxrl5ourqg riv4oq5; l3) n6oq efvcr 11 rcrX6rq-Td rou oqperorc'6 cxvrrre rpdvou;

2.68.'Evo5 6ioxog 33 orpocp<6v ronoOe-reirqr rrdvo orrv rrldKq rou rrrKdrr Ksropli(er vo rof(er. Bd(oupe ndv<o oro6foro dvq prrrcp6 Xoprdrr M oe qndorq-otl 14 srcroorcr srr6 rov d{ovc rrepr-orpocp45.o) Yrroloyiore ro ;rirpo rq5 ral6rqrogrou M oe m/s.p) n6oq andorcxoq 6rqv6er ro Xoprdnoe Xp6vo 12 6e ur-epolirrr<rrv;

2.69.'Evs curorivrlro noipvel rq oTpo-<pr1pe 72 km/h. 116o4 e ivor 4 r<evrpo;.r6-log enrr&Xuvorl uv q orpo<pq eivor 16{oorrivog 40 pdrpurv; f1dor1 revrpopdlogerrrrdluvoq qrrcrrreirqr c6ore vq rrdperrqv i6ro orpogq ue 6rntrdorq rol6rqro;To ouroriv4ro vcr Oecopr10e i orlpero16 o-vrr<efpevo.

2.7O.'Evs oq;re rrxrd ovrrxefpevo oe KU-r lrrr l r ivr lor l crr fvog 40 ercrroorc6v

H T]EPIIPAOH THI KINHIH)

u3 =30.5i *it t

t4=4u

t-, =3s

tz =b

Page 77: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Xperd(ercr 6 6e ure p6trcnrc yro rdOerrlnpn rreprrpopd.fldoo eivor ro pirpo rqg ropirqrdg rou;Kord rr1 6rdpxe ro aurrlg rq5 rivqoq5 11rcrXrir4ro odre peyolc6ver odre prrpciverc}Id peropdMeror. Tr oqpoiver our6;[6oo eivar ro pdrpo rqg peropo]{S trlSrcrX6rqrog oe 3 6eurep<ilerrro;fldoq eivor 11 percpotrrl rou pirpou rrlgruXrlrrlro5 orov i6ro lprivo;

2.71. H povd6o pirpo ;rrlroug op(orqreog ro 1 :10 000 000 rr15 on6oroo45 rouB6perou fld,Iou crrd rov loqpre prv6. Hpovd6c -l 6eurepdlenro opiornKs oSro 1: 86 400 rqg 6rdprera5 rqS nH€p4-oros rr€prorpog{s rns fns. Boor(6pevororous 6rio aurori5 opropo6g oa5 (qrd-pre va urroloyioere rqv ro16rqro.o) ev6g r0cryevo65 o orroiog rorpdror oe;rio neprol( rq5 (o6yxlog rou Apc(ovi-ou ndvo or<prBc6g orov lorlpreprv6,p) ev65 rrryrouivou nou ppiorersr nd-vor arprpc6g orov Bdpero l-16tro. Og ori-ornFCI ovcgopd5 vo Oeorpr loere dvoo6orqpo ouv6e6e;rdvo pe ro rcdvrpo rq5(ocporprrrlg) fqg.

2.72. O frotipr froyxdprv rlrov o npc6-rog dvOpolrros rrou ixave dvc ro{f6roro 6rdorqpro. Tov Atrpinro r-ou 1961prdoo oe e r6rrd ordcpog 6rdyporpe prrcnl(pn rpold y6por arr6 rr1 fq oe 89 tre-rrrd r45 6pqs. Io5 (qrorjpe, 0eopc6-vros rrlv rpoldT ou rurfurrl oe <6qo5>240 1fuo;rdrpcrrv,a) vq urroloyioere rqv rc16rr1ro rouordgoug Kor vo rr1 ouyrpivcre F€ rrlvrcrX6rqro evd5 cry<ovr ort ro6 opl prcrog,p) vo unotroyioere rqv revrpopr6lo errr-rdluvoq rou ordrpous Kor vq rnv ou-yr<pivere p€ rnv enrrdluvoq rqg pap6-rrlros (9,81 m/s'?). H qrr(va rq5 frlg ei-vqr 6.370 Xrhd,;.rerpo. (Nc lpqolponorrl-otr€ Koprrourepdr<r).

2.73. H Ielrlvrl <o5 6opucp6po5 rqg l-q5rdver pro *\4pn rreprgopd oe 27,33 q-

Fipss.o) fl6oq eivur q rol6rqrd rrls trls nposro rivrpo rrlg l-qg;

F) l-16oo perorrveirur oe dvq 6eurepdle-nro; fldvro an6 dvq lfudperpo;y) l-16o4 eivrrr q revrpoprdlo5 enrr&Xuv-o4 rnS rcrci rrlv treprcpopd rrlg; I-ldoe5qopis e ivar prrrpdrepq cnd r4v errrrd-

Xuvorlrrlg pop6rqrog;T4v rivqo'r1 rqg lelrlvqg y6po and rq fr1va rq 0e<oprloere rurfurrl r<ivqoq orlpsro-rof cvrrrer;.rivou. H orrdoraorl rou ri-vrpou rqg Letrrlvqg on6 ro rdvrpo rqgfqq eivor 60 <popdg peyol6rep4 and rqvqrrivo rrls I-qS q orroic eivcr 6370 km.(Na lpqorporrorqoere xoyrrrourepdrr).

2.74. O 6eu'repolenro6eirrqg ev6g po-troyrori iler pqro5 20 eraroord. IaS (n-ro6pe vc uroloyioerec) ro ;rdrpo rqg rcrXtirqrqs rou drpou roup) ro pirpo rrlg (6ravuoparrrrl5) pero-

9ol4S rqg ro16r4rcg prdoo oe 1 5 6eu-rep6trerrrc

2.75. L,io 6popei5 {errvo6v'rcur6Xpovc o-nd rq onFsio A ror B rou oro6iou rarrrpcryHorolroro6v dvo y6po oe rpoXri5 ocrr,rrr ourig fiou rrdplordvovrqr oro op;po.H ondorooq AB eivor 6 m rcr or roX6rq-rig rou5 dXolrv oroOepd pdrpo 8 m/s.

O 1p6vog nou lperd(eror o ivc5 6popd-oS yro vq rdver ivo yripo eivor preycl6re-pog orrd ror '1p6vo nou Xpe rd(€ror odllog. Florq e fvor 4 6rocpopd r<rrv 6do

NEPIIPAOHIHI KINH>H:

Page 78: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Xp6vov; To oplpc oe rdOe orpo<pr1 voOe<opr;0ei qprrneprrpiperc.

2.76. Kdnorog a<pqver, orrd ivo opropd-vo orlpreio A, dva popd avrrre f;.revo vorrioer rcror6purpo, evc6 rqv i6rc mrypr;dvo dMo pcxpd cvrrr<rf;revo erro{e6eroro116 ro i6ro oqpeio (A) pe opr(dvrro rG-

lirqro 2 m/s. fldoo 0c orriXouv ro 66oovrrreipeva pttdcn6 i) 0,1 s ii) 0,3 s ii i)0,5 s; To A ppior<eror oe rirgog 2 pirporvon6 ro d6ogog.

2.77. Kdnoro5 e rorpev6ovf(er fvc pd-roqlo o116 r4v napolfo npog rr1 0d-trqooa. H polr; yiveror o116 6rpog B0 cm;re opr(6vrro rcrlfrqra 12 mls. flo6 0oppioreror ro p6roolo 0,2 6eurepdtre-

rrrc perd rr1 orryprl rrou e rogev6ovf-orqKs; [1oro rcry6rr1ro 0o dXer 14 orry-pr1 nou 0c ouvrxvrqoer ro vep6;

2.78., H roXdrrlra 'rou pe fporog evdgrroropori eivor I m/s ror ro rrldrog rourrorc;ro6 210 nr. 'Eva nlordpro ovoxco-pei oe rdnorq rrrry;rr1 cnd rr1 pio 5104yro vo rrder crrrlvqvrr.H <r6ia> taylrqrd rou, erce ivq 611lo611rrou 0q avirrruooe qv 6ev un(p1e perl-pro (oe prc l ipvq yrc ncpd6erypo), i lerrcre60uvoq rd0erq oro pefpc ror pri-rpo 10,8 km/h.l-16oo5 1p6vog €to Xperoore( yro vo grd-oer qrrdvovrr; 11oro 0c efvor 4 rorer i-Ouvor1 rqg rivrlc'q5 rou;

H IIEPIIPAOFl TH: KINF']:F']I

Page 79: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

=

e

Anoonoopo ono ro BrBtrio H EnrcrrTpq rou XoouErou lon Stewort

fn rouq, gonryr(.q, oro |lavtnrcrr1prc rr:,S Pisa, ora 1580, r7 Qnrl nptnu va xuAo1oeouvdpnd,oflrcd, ynri 7rdv ytd nepio\oq,ipapanxr1c qto66ou yd rqv av)putmvryyvd)oq. ,aAAd o ev)ouonopdq 6ev pnopei va ouveXi(trcu oe rcd)e orrypq. 2r4 6fip-K€.rd ptc,s erc<Ar1oo,ortrc11 Aeroopyiag ivcg Eotrqrqs rp€net va pap(.?r1xe, ru d,pytoeva napa,rcoAou)ei €va yeydAo r,o2r.t€Aato nou raAavrttt6rav aTr'ro aepdn. TaAa-vreu6rsv axdv6vrcra, qAAd o cponqrrls naparrlprloe 6't 6rav o noAutAuog droveyn nAand, at<itpryor1 q rayjrryrd rou au{av6rav, ti)mt c'yp6voq, rnc, p'o'q arcbprlor1Crou vd rapalttvet ora)epdg. PoA6yrc arcp$eioq 6ev ellov axdya egeupe9ei, i.rotypovoytrprlo€ rov noAutAorc ypqoryonoritvrds rov ogc'yy6 roo.

O gonqrrlq 4rav o falAaioq (Calileo Calileil, rrou pr'jxe oro [7cvenrcrr1yrc oe q-Axia 6 exaecprd ypovtitv.

O faArAaiog ouvtt\ryrotoirloe 6n ot ipeuveq rdv<u orry oxomy6rqra r@v Trpqy-ydr<uv 6ev npooEipouv ortlv av0p<un6r4ra rcdnotov €A,tyyo ndvtu ors, guotxd Eat-v6yevo. Avri Aom6v v' cvaputnfrat ynri nf.Eret r7 ntrpcq avap<urq)qrc yn tvav a-xppry npoo\roptoy6 roo rutg n(,gru. Avri yru rryv x(vryor1 rqS ZeAr1vqg, rou 6ev yno-po6oe va enqped,oet r7 va pu9ltioet, peAirrloe oEaipeq rrou rcuAo6oav oe emxlrueiqtmcpdvercq,. Ko; ot ltto €xp4}1 eoguidq,, enx{.vrpuoE rrlv rrpoooxrl rou oe Aiya pe-y€9ry-xk&d: yp6vog, anr6orao4, raytrrlra, trndyuvo7, oppr1, pd(a, a6pdven.2eyn eroyrl rou ava(qro6oe rqv ouoiq, xat rryv rodrqra,, pt rnv enAoyrl rou o fqh-,laioq i6er€e pnv a{tooatpdorn Kx'rdv67oq rav paoxu'tv peye1<itv, dc,irepa 6ravnolAtq anr6 nq perapA7rig rrou etrtAefe 6ev r1rav nooot'rxd dpeoa perpr1ot1ttg.

O yp6voq,, ouyrcexptltiva, oroilpoe oro fqAAqio roAtj novoxtgaAo. Aev yropeigvaypovoy*pr1o€tq, yn rirpa nou r€,gre4 naparcoAou)<bvr<xq rqv perapoAq rou htpouqev6q, xepto1 nou rcaiyerat. Xprlotltoroirloe poA6yn vepoi xat rov i6n rou ro oEuy1t6,xat 6r<nq urt)ne o ZriAAyav Nrpflrc (Stilman Drake) io<o<; va youpltotjpt(e peAu6rftq,6lo,np<bwa4 ro ypdvo 6ruq €voq, yottotx6g. fru vq enpp<r66va \uvaltxd gau6pevaxat va ptAn<itou rnv arcpipen ruv XpovoHerprloeutv rod, preA*r1oe yn pndAa nou Kt)-Ao6oe ndvu-t oe yn eAagpd emtcAwr1 emgdven, ru 6y pn yrdAa o' eAe60epr1rn6-or1. Ka4 pe pn avdyefr1 gcvrconx<bv Ko; TrpaylJsnxcitv'rrepaydr<uv xar€Ar1€,e oe t-vav axptpfi npoo\toptolt6 rou mbsrEErouv ro odtyara, elariaq,rrlq, pap1rqraq.

L6ycpu-wa npoq ro rwtipa rrl,S apyaiag EAArlwxrlsyturyerpiaq -rcard, ro onoio 6-Aa. ra avnxeiyeva efiiawxeiowc4 (.ror <bore pn ypaltpfi 6u €yet nAdroq,, tva eni-rre6o 6ev iXer rdyog- o laAAoiog e{6avixeuoe rq HrlXo.wKrT rou, 9eutpcovrag ox6trt-yo va rapapAirpu xdtroteq em\pdoetc, -6rutq, rrTv avrioraoq rou atpa- rar vo 6re-peovr1aet rqv anAdrrlrd rrou unr1pye xdrtu an' ra Earuipeva. fn vo fepnepi€,petro rcoupdp rr19 aAAqAe€dprr1or1q, r<nv endpdoELDv rtou sqreu)1vet rov guox6 x6-opo, eivat xakirepa va fextvi,oet xoveig peAtrdvrag ivq,-tva ra vqyara.

H NEPIIPAOH TH: KINHIH:

Page 80: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H dworq 66vapq o Mrq rotv{ qtrio o Or allqtrenr6pdoerS o H pd'

rpnon rrls 60vc;r45 o H 66vqFrl eivor pdytgo5 6rovuoportrd o H

oprororehrr{ guorx{ o O nP6ros v6pog r4g riv4oqg o H rooP-

ponio o O derirepog vripog rqg xiv4o4g . H oxion rq5 66vcptr15

F€ rnv enrrdluvoq . H Firpnon rq5 a6pdveros o H 0epetrr66rl1; e-

{io<rloq rr15 6uvqrrr4S o To pdpog ror rl pd(o ' O rpiros vripog

r4g rivqoqg o NriFor 6uvripetov o Mro 66voPq nou or4pi(et ' H

rprpn o Auvaprxri orqv xuxfuxri rivqoq ' H rqYrdopla dlft1 o

Kor dpo4 rrveirqr o H repl rurfurrl rivrloq 6ev eivqr rurfurrl o l-1

nopippooq rou Ne0rorva o To pqlo xor ro geyydpr o tvtra iltq

rrayx6oyn o O v6pos r4g ncryxdoprog 6A{q5 o BdPoS ror papurr-

rrl etrrdXuvol . Or teXvqroi 6opug6por o H $rar{Ploq rqs oP'

p4S o trto oxe<g0oripe . No qvqPrllrq0oripe ' No ldoouFs lTf,o'

phipcru o NroxouFdwo.

Page 81: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

PHILOSOPHI.€NATURALIS

PRII{CIPIAl \ ' lATHEi 'v{ATlCA.

'4,

5 {td,

LON DINI,

Jut! *Erti Rt't. E T.Ji' 1of.C' sraa. Pro{ur rpxpluc Bi5lopol". ed MDCLXXXVU

E{tirputrtro evdgovrirunou rou prptriou. 0rirtroq oro Aorrvrxd eivor

Philosophiae NaturalisPrincipia Mathemalica.

0r 6ropOrioerg dyouvylvsr oflri Tov i6ro Tov

Ne0Tovo.

H NEYTON KH:YNOEIH

To iro5 1687 rur loqdpno€ o{: 250 ovrfrurrq ivo prpA(ofiou srrp6K€rro vo yi'v€t ro 0epefuo rrlq cpuorrrlg. Eile rirtroOt Ma)qStanrc{.q Apyi.q rrl; @tsorxr19 @Aooogiaq. To dpyorlrov ypoppdvo oro lorrvrrd orfd rov lsaac Newton (At4orNrodrov) 'rov orroio ouvrlOog crrror<olorjpe loodr Nr6rco-vo. Avd;reoo oro (rlrrlporo fiou fipcryForrudrov, Kupfop-

Xn edorl e rlov or rpe r5 vd;ror rr15 r<ivr1or1g, rl ]reldrrl rr15 ri-vlorls Fdoo o' dvo rreprpdllov nou rropouord(er ovrioro-orl Kcxr 11 royx6opro il(q.

H eniSpooq rrou €rX€ ro dpyo ourd orrlv e{ih{r1 rrls €-nror4pqg oro 6roK6oro Xp6vrcrnou oKolo60qoov, Kor rl o-

{io nou e{or<olouOe i vo d1e r oxri;ro ror orlpepo, e ivor yeyo-vdrq rrou prrropo6v vo ouyKpt{Joriv pr6vo pre ro dpyo rouAprorordlq, An6 dnorprl Hqenllclrrrqg c{iog ra Principia,

6rrco5 ouvq0f(eror vo }dyovror, pdvo pt. ra Zroryelo rou Euxle i6r1

;rropo6v vc ouyrpr0o6v. 'Ooo yto rrlv s'rnorqpovtKrl oqpoofo rou5Kcf rrlv eni6pcoq orrg r6ieg r<ov ov0pcSrrov, pdvo p€ rqv flpotAtu-on rav e66v rou Aoppivou 0o pnpodoov vo nopoptrqOodv.

To dpyo 6ev rlrov xe pcuvd5 nou {iorrooe oe 1p6vo ov6nonro.Iro 1p6vro rrou trporly1Orlrov, yeyov6ro ror dvOp<orror rrpoeroipro-oov pro rrorrrlfo orrd <povorrdrrc>, rrou o6qyqoov o' ourd. Or dv-Opornor e flov ppeOei ovrrprdrotrrot fr€ r-eXvotroyrrd trpopl4paropnpoord oro onoio 11 epnerpia e r1e opli(e r vCI prlv 0eorpeiror orro-releo;rorrr<r1 Kot vo yewtdrcxr q ovdyr<q HtoS Kotvoropfa5. H ovdyr<r1ourrl dcpepe orrlv errrcpdv€to ro (4rqpo rqg Me0d6ou, rrou 0a dvor-ye ro 6p6po ornv Korvo6pro rrrrpoporrr,.rj erlo'rq;rq. Tour6Xpovo,pro poOproio ono6io;reuoq orrd <prlooo,prxd5, Opqorceurrrig xor o-orpoloyrrdg npororolrltl.rerg o6rlyqoe or1 ydveorl pros evrelog ror-vo6pro5 Aorpovop(og ror onordleoe ro )rdpopo prc5 errovdoroorlstrou {dorrooe or 5lr1 rqv entorrlprq.

I ' our6 r-o xerpdtroro 0o ooXolr l0or i ; re pe opropdveg poorr igntreupdg rrls v€urcrlvrrrl5 <puorrrlg. Iro errirev'rpo ppiorovror orrpe rg vdpor rqg r<ivqoqg ror q Oeopio rq; pop6rqrc5. I' ol6rlqporo ipyo q ivvoro 66vayr1 rrpcorcry<r>vrorei. l-r'our6 rpivoupre o16rrr-pro vo {ercvrlooups p€ ;rc }enropreprl ovd\uorl rqg.

I

e

Page 82: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H dvvorq 8tvapqT

Mro rorvq orrio yro nS enrrox0voelETa yeyovdro

O 6rorrrlrqg ogdpr{e rrivqlrt. H pndtro ron'o0et(0qxe ivrero p4-

;roro on6 tq ypqpp{ rou rippcrrog, ivog rrofrrrlg n(pe <p6po rctoodrope pe ro 6e{i. H pndlo {erivrloe pe rcte60uvorl ro <YdFq)rqg eoriog, o r€pl"rorog6troxog rrvdXrqre rrrt orrdrpouoe, rr15 dtr-tro{e 6r1tro6q rrlv rore60uvor1.

Aryo 1fu6p€rpcx nro porprd, os ptc oxpol'rohd 6uo rpiXot oKUP-

pivor qrdXvouv yrc rrdrpeg treieg xor errirre6tg. M6trrg ppouv roprd

rrou rous opdoet, Trlv €Kog€v6ovi(ouv errr6ri{,ro rrpos rrlv rare60uv-

on rqs Odtrcooog. H rrirpo grdvet orqv errr<pdv€to rou vepo6, rd-

ver <cyrel>, dorepo rcr 6efrepo xct rpiro. Iro rilog puOi(eror.

Tqv dMq pipo ro rrp<oi fvog undltrqtrog rprdvet pnpoord orrlv

E0vrrrl Tpdne(o, 6ropd(er ndvco otqv rr6pr<x oO(oore, rq orrpo-

Xv€r Kdr prrciver prioo.Iro ;rero{6 pioo oe pro oXofurrl ofOouoo dler opli(er vo yiverot

ivo neipol.ra. O ra0qyrlrrlg rpcrd€r orq ldpro rou prq ptrprl prrG

fuo.Tq pd(er rrdvor oro rporri(r, rr1 crnpcoXveryro trryo rrpos ltto Ko-

re60uvoq rr riorepo rqv ocp4ver. fldvco oro peydlo rpar-(.(r rl Prrf-trro opXi(er vq rtvei,ot rrpos rrlv rcre60uvorl rrou rqs 660r1xe, oMd

rqrd 6va nepiepyo rp6to q rpoXrd rr;g ropnutr<6verot. Ot poOqrdg

povdXo rroporotrouOodv. Fprlyopo 6rornott6vtluv 6tt rdrrou eref ro-

vrd pprordrov dva payv4rqg nou erri6pqoe rrdvo orrl or6epivro

H NEYTONIKH:YNOEIH

I

X

e

Page 83: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

K60e UeTopotr[ fiqvrox0rnro

on0t0u6fnorsovilKeru6v0u 0np0ivel

drr ooxciror o' ourdx6noro 60vop1.

F'] NEYTON KH:YNOE:H

pnifuo Kor rrls dllo€e rrlv xaredOuvoq.

H Oeopqnrti ordqr4

Mioo o' 6trq ourrl rrlv rrorrrlia rorv yt:yovdr<ov eivql 6riorolo, i-oos, vo 6roxpivoupre 6rr undplet xdrr xorv5. Is rdOe pio nepinr<rr-oq e ilope ivo rouldXrorov ovrtKefpevo fiou fiopouoiqoe perapo-l{ orqv rrv4rrx{ rou rurdorqon. Irov rro6oogorplr<6 oyc6vo r1pndtro nrlyorve fipos ro 6ixruo, oltrd r,r ldpr rou repprorogflororq5 dltro(e rrlv xore60uvor1. H enr<pdvero rr'1g Odloooog dtrtro{erqv rolirqro rqs rrdrpog, q n6pro dvcr{e pdtrlg rqv dorrpar{e ro

ldpr rou unotrl(trou, 11 prriXrc rdrto qrrrl rqv eni6poorl rou pc)^/4-rr1 dllo{e rore60uvoq. Aq rrpoo6{ou;re trryo rrq orrieg. Ee r<d0e ne-pinrororl q peropolq rrls KrvrlrrKrlg rorcioroo4g rlrov onordtreotrroprog 6rogoperrrrlg -rdOe gopds- erlipl3ooqg 11 eni6poorlg, drrcog

tr6pe ouv40dorepo.H cpuorrrl, yto vo rorocpfper vo neprypdqrsr p€ ivqv evroio

rp6rro 6treg aurig rrs gorvopevrrd firacpoperrr<fg e'nr6pdoer5, d-

1e r 6q p roupyrloer opropdve5 ouorrlpri npoo6lopropdveg 6woreg.H 66vopr1, 4 c66r1or1 xor 4 evdpyero ,:ivor preprrig pdvo o116 ou-rdg. Oo f i€proprorodpre, npog ro-nopdv, orq 66vo;rq. Kd0egopd rrou er6r1trc6veror olloyrl rqg rol6rqrqs -4 otrfu<i5 crl-rdyuvoq- oe dva ovrrre fpevo, rl otri'q eivor 1.rro 66voprr1. fro voxo'rovorlooups ps rroro rpdrro rn )'pnorporroref q (Duorr<r1, 0o

Xpe roorei nporlyoug.tivos vo e{orrer<oOorip€ Fs rrs dworeg o16-

Ftr Korrreprptillov.lro rrlv enrorrlyq ro outya e ivgr p161 troylxrl ev6rrlro rrou

prrroporipe, rdOr rpopd, vo rrlv cno;.rovc6voup€ Fs rq orirprl

;rog orrd ro urr6trorrro odprrov, rrou ourdporo yiverot rrepr-pdAAov. H ;rrrdlo eivor dvq oc6pro. To i6ro prnopofpe vo norjpe yrorr1 or6ep6vrc prriXro rqv c6po rou nerpdproros. KdOe rpopd rrou 0i-

, loupre vo prrl4oouF€ yro rrlv orrio otrtroytjg rq5 rolirrlrog, trdpre 6-rr ro rd6e ovrrre f;levo rou rreprpdtrlovrog oorei o' our6 rrou €-peig 0e<opodpe oc6po pro 66vopq. To Xflrr rou r€ppororprjtroro o-orei orqv pndlo 66vop4. O poyvqrrl5 ooxei orq or6epdvro ;rrriXro;rro 66vapr4, 6rr<o9 r<or q errrcpdv€rq rrl 0<itroooo5 orrlv rriT po rroudrreot rrdvo rqg.

H 66voprq, trorrrdv treprypdrper rrlv eni8poon rou rreprBdlrlovrogos ouyKsKprprfvo o<6po. Mnopo6pe vo 6c6ooupre rov opropd.

, Ariva;r4 )tdyercl 11 crrio onotuodrinorr entrdluvons. Oo rr1ouppotri(oup€ p€ ro ypdppo F oplrr<6 rrg li{qg Force rrou oqpof-

r

h

e

Page 84: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

vu 66vdpr7.

Or enr6ptioerg eivar 4 pic privo rirpq rov cl[4)\rnr6pdoeov

Ko06g o r€pporog6}oro5 orrorpoder rqv prrrdtro, rour6Xpovo 1ru-rrriror o116 ourrlv. I' ourq rqv npoodyyrcq, o<bya Oeropeiror o rro-6oo<porprorr;q ror 11 prndlo orrorele i ovrrrcipevo rou neprpdtrlo-vrog. O Fcrl,v4rrls oorei eni6poorl orrlv prriXro, alld rar ourrj 6fXe-ror eni6pooq. Ko0rrlg o undtrlqtrog onpc6lver rrlv t6pro rrlg E0vr-xr15 Tpdne(o5, oroQdveror Kor rcdrroro eni6p<xo4 rrdvor rou.

To (r lrqpo e ivor yevrrd,repo ror ocpopd 6treg rrg errr6pdoe rg.Mnoporipe, 6qlo6r1, vo rroripre 5rr rd0e enitipoorl e ivcr q pio p6vodqq rou vopfoporog utrlrllenf6pcoq. H 66'roprq eivor dvo urr6 roe rcppoorrrd epyoleio, rrou Xpnorporroref rl (puorK4, orrlv rrpoond-Oero rqg vo <prrtr4oer) yro rrs otrlqlenr6p.doerg. l-leproodrepo rrptr\,-poro yrc 6lo ourd 0o ouvovrqoouFt orov rpfro veurorvtr6 vdpor4g rcivqoqg.

H perpqon rrls 8uvopqgYndple r, d,H.S, Kdr FrG dltrq rorqyopio yeyovdro)v, rrou prnopodvvo OropqOodv orroreldopraro 6uvdpecov. A,{,rorrorc6vrog rr5 i6re5prurrig 6uvor6r4res rrou prog emrrp6rrouv vc( 6rlproupyofp€ €firro-

1dvoer5, ptroporipre vo revr<iooupre ivo trdorrXo, vo roOopiooupe i-vo noprordtrr pre ro lipro pro5, vq rooloKc6cioupt ivo cp6ltro loprir] vo ou;rnrdooupe ro oolqvdpro yrq vo pyrrr 11 o6ovr6rpe po. Kororo pero{6 6vog payvqrqg prropeivo revrr6oer fvo e}orqpro, rrou0o i1e r npoo6epdvo orrlv drpq rou dvo roprpdrr oi6epo. 'Olq ourdeivor yeyov6ro rrou ilouv dvo xorvd yvc6propo. Ie dtro eprgovi(erorga napclt6pguon ruv o<nydrut% ;re orrieg, i6reg pre rrg orrieg rrourrporolodv errrrcrX6voe r g.

Or peropotrd5 rol6rqrcxs Kor or rrdpdFopcpc6oerg eivor, trorrrdvor 6rjo r<orqyop(eg <porvopivrov, rrou 4 ex6ql,,oor] roug oqpoiver drrsorceiru 66vapq. H prirp4orl prog 6rivo;rqg pnopef va poorore i oeorrorcx6rlrrore qrr6 rr5 66o rorqyopfe5 ro)v orror€leopdrcr-rv rq5.Eivor 6;.ro5, yeyovd,g 6rr ro vo perprlooupt'rov poep6 Fros nopo-p6prpcloqg eivqr rrol6 nro potrrrd o116 ro vcr ;rerpqoouF€ pro rrrr-rdXuvoq.

'Oleg, dF<oS, or f iopqpopgoio€rS npooqripovrcr yr ' qurd rovoxorrd; Av ouprrrfoer5 fvo rulrv6prxd roprpdrr nloorelivrl5 rr 6ore-

I

h

e

H NEYTON KF] IYNOEIH

Page 85: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

po ro oq(o€rs, ro Koppdrr 0o 6rorqpqci€t ro rorvoriplo oXrlpo rou.Ewoe iror drr pio evrelcSg 6rorpoperrrrl c'uprleprrpopd eo nopouord-oouv oriprora drrog dvo prrroldr<r rou re vr5, dvcr r<oprprdrr o<ppotri{ (dvo elorqpro, ro ofiofo, prd,fug ro ocpqoer5, 0o orre6oouv vo {ovc-rrdpouv ro npoqyo6pevo oXrlpro roug. Trg nopoyopgc6oas ocv ou-14 rnS nlooretr(vqs rrs XopoKrqpf(ou;tt, nAaonxi.c,, ev6 yro ro dl-lo avrrrefprevo }6pre drr er6qlrrivouv eloorrr6rqro oXq;rorog ror ornopoproprprios I S rous loporcrq p f(ovror e,lcorrrdg.

fevrr6repo lipe 6rr dvo oc6;ro ncpouord(er eloorrx6rrlro o1(-

Foros egdoov reiver vo orrorcrqoe r ro npoqyo6pevo oXrlpo rou/ o-n6 rq orrypq rrou 0o ndqer vo errr6pd 11 orrio fiou ro f1e r pero-pdlle r.

To oreped o<.6poro 6ncog or roiXor, ru 6ordpro, ro epyole io rorro neproocirrpo pdraltro e 16qlcilvouv pia eloorrr6rqro oq;rovrrrrl.H e r<6ql<oorl r4g 6pog 6ev e{aprdror pc,vo orrd ro uhx6. 'Evo etrs-rqpro, yro rropd6e ry;ro, orrd prc rrprrl 66voprqg rcr rrdvo rropopop-gr6veror pdvr;ro ror 6sv e prgovi(er ropio rdoq vo enovdlO€r oro op-

116 oXrlpo rou. Av lrun(ooupe fuyo ;re ro ldpr ro cprrp6 evdg au-rortvrlrou, q rropo;rdpgoon e ivar eloorrr<r1. Tr yiveror, dpcrrg, 6ore-pcx an6 ivo yepd rpordpropo;

O poeprdg r<ov eloorrr<6v nopopopcptrrorrov oe oXdoq p€ rrs or-rfeg nou rrg rrporotroriv ercppd(€rqr pr: dvov cxnd roug rrprirou5rr€rpoporrKot ig v6pou5 rq5 Ouorr<qS rou 17ou qrc6vq. O RobertHooke, dvog Ayytrog r4g yevrdg rou Ner.iro)vo, rrou un4p€e ivo5 c-rrd roug firo orlpdvrrro69 rrerpo;ro'rrord<; rou orr6vo rou, 6rcr6rror-

o€ rov oXerrrd vdpo urroorqlr f(ovro5 drr or elcorrrdgrropqpopgrioerg rivar avd)\oyss rrpos rrg arrieg rrourr5 rrpoxulodv.

Av Oelrlooupe vo e{,er6rredooupr ro v6;ro yro rqv nepf-firoorl rou elorqpiou, oov ;rdrpo rrls rrCIpop6pgoroqg0o Xpqorprorrorrlooupre rr1 peropolq oro p{roS rou elo-rqpiou (Lt), w<it pdrpo rqg arrio5 0o Oecopqooupe ro prd-rpo rr ls St ivopqg (F). Mnopot ipre va ypdgoupe F : kLe.To or ippolo k rropro'rdve r dvcr pdyeOo5 loporrqprorrrdrr15 orlrlpdrrlros rou elorqpiou rrou ldyeror ora)tpdrou cActrrlpiou.

To elcrqpro eivor dva crr6'rc rrro evSrogdpovro ovrr-re fprevo rrls rrerpoForrr<r1g rpucrrrrlg. Mrrope( vo revrc6ve-ror otrtrd KGr ov oupnrd(eror eivqr rrotr6 potrrr<6 yrCI rn pr-lirq r<ov oppovrrc6v rolovrr6c,e<ov rr ordpo prrropeivo o-

H NEYTONIKN 'YNOEII

Page 86: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rroerl K€ 6€ | orl povrr KiS fi oodrqr€S 6uvapr r ri g evdpyer o5.'Evcr crcopdroup6rord rlorXvi6ro iXouv oov pdoq lerroupyiog roug ourq rrlv o-rroOqreuor1.

Xpqorprororrirvrc5 ivo rordtrtrqtro etrorrlpro pnoporipre vo poor-orodpre orov v6pro rou Hooke Kor vo roroor<eudooupre ivo 6uvoy6-

F€rpo. Irq ouvdXero ro poOpotroyofpe pdoer rov enrpqxdvoeolvfiou rrpoKoloriv yvroord Pdpl, rq orroio Ocr rpeprdpre orrd, ro drporou. Iuvot,l.ri(ovrog prnopo6pe vo nodpre 6T'ru nopopo5-rcp<rlrrxd o-noretrioproro r(DV 6uvdpeov pog e{unrlpe-ro6v oro vo rrg ;rerpq-ooups. 'Ooo yro rqv dMq xorqyopio onorefuropdr<rlv, 0o rq pelerrl-ooup€ oro 6e6repo v6po rrlg xivqoqg, orov onoio 0o cryvorlooups rrlperopolq popq4s Xpnorporrorrivro5 ro povr,ilo ofurc6 orlpdo.

H 6uvopq eivor FeyeBoSatorc|vuoFqilKoMe ro 6uvop6perpo prnopotlp€ vq fipoo6ropf(oupe ro ;rdrpo prroq66vopqg. Errdg, 6p.S, an6 fvo 1.t(.rpo, Xperd(eror vo ono6i6oupeoe rdOe 66vopq ror pio rore60uvoq. Kor qrrrd yrorf ov 66o 6uvd-

F€rS p€ ioo ;rdrpo oorqOodv (dXr rour6lpovo) oro i6ro ovrrxeipevo

Xopi'S vo dXouv rqv i6ro xorerjOuvoq npor<oTiodv 6rorpoperrrd orro-reldoproro, ondre 6ev pnopodpr vq rts 0eo:pqooupre ioeg. Mro 66-vopq 8N 6ev Oecopeiror iorl ;re pro 6rlvo;rr1 8N ecpd,oov oore iror npo5rore60uvorl 6rogoperrxq. Eivqr ovcryxoio, pr' ,illo l6yro, rdOe 6rjvo-

Frl vo iXe r 6rio, rouldXrorov, ororXefo rcur6rqrog pdrpo Kor Kcl-re60uvoq.

'Evo dMo ouprnfpoopro, rrou pyoiver o116 rr5 rr€rpqpqrrKf5 6ro6r-rooie5, eivor drr or 6uvdperg npooriOevror dr-o5 or p€rqrorrioerg, orrcrXdrqreg Kor or rnrroXrivoerg. To 66o ouprnepdo;roro, 611 6r1lo6qor 6uvdperq ocpefiouv

o) vo dXouv pirpo xqr rore60uvoq Kdlp) va npooriOeror oripgcovo F€ rous rovdve5 rov peroronioe-

OV,

o6qyo6v orq 6rorrior<ooq 6rr q 66voprq np6rrer vo Oeopefrat y€ye-Oog 6nvuo1tcnx5.

I6v0eoq 6rio 6uvripeov

Mfo 66vopr1, eg6oov pnopei vd ovrrKoroorfloer dvo o6votro, 6uvd-

H NEYTON/KH IYNOEIH

I

4

e

Page 87: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

F€olv rrou ooKofvrdr oe oproFivo o(6Fq, liyeror ouvrorapdv4toug. H qvrrxoordorooq iler rqv iworcr drr prropei vo rrpoxoldoeroro oriplc curd ro i6ro prlXovrr6 orrord,\eopo, rrou rrporoleiror o-nd oldxlrlpo ro o6votro. H 6ro6rrooio ldyeror o6v1eoq.

6,fgN 300 N

=ON150 N

o Av or 6uvd;rerg i louv r4v i6ro rare60uvorl , r l ouvrorop6vqroug dXer rrlv i6ro cur4 rore60uvoq ror l.rdrpo ioo pe ro dOporoprorurv p6rpov roug.

o Av or 6uvdpe r5 dXouv rqreu06voer5 ovri0ere5, q ouvroropdvrlroug iXer r-r1v rcre60uvorl rrls preyaAfreprl5 ror pirpo ioo pe rrlv q-

ndlurq 6ro<popd rcov ;rirpcov rous. I' orrrrl rqv rrepirrrooq dv rqpdrpa roug eivor ioo, 11 ouvroropivrl roug eivar ;rq6iv.

o Av or xsreuOdvoers rov 6uo 6uvdpecrlv olqpari(ouv yrov(o rp,11 ouvrorcpivrl rous npoo6ropf(€rqr ps rdv rovdvo rou nopaltrqtro-

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 88: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Av6truol prog 60vop4qoe 6do x60ereg

ouvro16oeg.Av eivar 0

4 yrovio rorvdrovuop6rtov

F, xor F,0o ro1tier:Fx = F suv8

KolFx=Fqlg

YP0l.rFrou rl F€ rov KGVovG r(l)v l-r€rorofiroro\f.

Avriluoq FrqS 66vqprls o€ ouvrtrr(iosg

Ie noltrd npoplqporo €(vor ovoyroio vc yiverar 11 ovdtruorl prcg6dvopqg oe 66o ouvror(6o€S, n ovrrKq'rdorroorl rrls, 61110611 on666o 6uvdper5 or orroieg ooKo6p€vss ovriyr'curqv oro i'6ro o67s,0o nporcolodoqv ro i6ro cnordleopc.

To npdptrqpq eivqr o6proro. Mro oprolliv4 l6oq rou 0q prnopouoevo urrdp{e r prdvo eg6oov, err6g orrd rq 66vuprl, 6ivovror rsr dlloororXeio, 6rr<115 yro nopd6e rypo or 66o 6reu€tdvoerg r1 11 pio ond rrgouvrorc6oeg. To (qrr1po ovrrperorui(€ror p€ rqv i6ro troyrrq rrou yf-vrror Kor q o6v0eoq. Av q ovdAuorl prcs 6rivrrpq5, yiver oe orjorqproopOoyovforv o{6vorv, or ouvrorcio€S rqs c(vrrororxo6v o-rrg 66onpopotrdg rou 6rov6opqros, fiou rnv rroprordver.

-h

e

H NFYTONIKH IYNOE:H

Page 89: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

O Aprororilq5 (Erdyerpo 386 n.X. -Xotrrci6u 322 n.X.) ur4p{e oro-

loorrlg peydtrq5 rrprrrroruniog rot 64proupyrrd,rqrog oe prio ercrrl4-xrrrc4 norrrtris ne6irrrv drror5 q Aoyrrq, 4 Meraguorrq, q flofqorl, r;flotrrrrr<r;, r1 Broloyin, r; Aorpovoprio, 11 Ouorr4. To dpyo rou orrorr-Iei dvo ei6og Eyxuxlonoi6erog rrlg oploioq eMqvrxrl5 orfrl,rqg. Mo-trov6rr p€.oa o' our6 eivor €vocrlporcoFfvr:5 epyco(eg noltrr6v dllcovpetrerr1r6v, oro preyohirepo pdpog rou unrlp{e pro 6rlproupyio npo-oornrrrl. Irrg pipeg ;rog eivor rlo16 6rioroAo vo oulldpoupe nti;g {vcg pr6vo dvOpcrlrro5 prropo6oe vq e ivsr 16oo r<sld nlrlporpopqpi-vos os 16oo notrtrd 0dproro. To dpyo rou ayvorlOqrce orrd r4v Eupc6-rrrl yf o 1500 lpdvro nepinou, otrld qrr6 'rov 12o otrivo pilpr rqv e-noXr; rou Ne6rovo q 6ropxc6g ou{ovdprerrrl enrpporl rou ndvot orqvov0pc6nrvq orcdrp4 dcprooe vo onoreldorr dvo yeyovdg 4opig, io<og,rrporlyo6prevo.

H optororetrrrq rpuorrcrl 0eotpc6vrog rr1 fr1 orcivqrq oro rivrporou lipnovro5 6rdrprve 66o {eXcoproro65 x6opouq, rov r6opo rclrvernyer<ov oropdrcov KGr ro r6opo r<rlv oup,dvtrrtv oropdrotv.

c. frq rc erriyera o6;rarc unoorrlpr(e d'rr undplouv 6rio e i6r1 rcrvrl-o€(DV/ or guorr<d5 ror or picreg. H guorr<q rivqoq rdOe erryerou oc6-pCIros ro0opr(6rov, 6rrcog dlou;re trer, on6 rqv ovoloyio rov reo-odptrlv rrporopxtKr6v ororle irov fiou ro orrorelodoov xor o116 rqOdoq rou. Ie pro noodrqro vepod nou dl3po(e, oro ororxeb'Y6utprrpooeriOero ro ororx€b l1up, ro orroio rxovros rq guorrcq rou 06-oq rgr1tr6repo, dorrpcolve rov orpd vo cvrper. Aur4 qrov pio rpuorr4rivqoq, drrorg ror q rivqo4 evdg or6epdvrc,u qvrrKrrl.rivou, fiou oqrl-v6rcv orov ofpo ror iorreu6e va <prdoer oro i6ogoq, 6rrou qrov 11guorrrl rou Odoq.

Ko0e rivqoq rrou rropopfu(t rr1<puou<q rdoq rov oropdrurv vorrvo6vror fipos rrl guorrq 06oq roug eOeropeiro piauy ran erle ovd-yrq orrd plo r<rv4r4pro 66voprq. H dnorpq aorq (.pa(e, dpo4, nolldtporrlporrKd. f1<o5 pnopodoe, yro nopdiietypo, vo xrveiror dvo pi-log arrci rq orryprl rrou fXove rrlv €rrCIqii rou Fs rq Xop6rl rou rd-

€ou; Or oprororetrrroi e lryyo6oov rq p(orq ourq r<ivr1or1 pre rr1 6roro-poXq rou oipo, nou nporotro6oe 4 rivqorl. O odpoq rrou ouprrre(6-rov oro prpoorrv6 pdpoS rou Bitroug irrp,ene vs onedoel oro rrioco

HipoS yro vo onocpeulOei ro rcevd rrou r1'rov ovenfrpenro vo 6q;rr-

H NEYTONIKH 'YNOEIH

Page 90: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

To lUpnov oe yrpoporjpo rou 17ou orrirvo. 0 rivOponog rordqepe vtr pyer d{ro ond r4v ouptivroorpoipo ror v0 6er noq 6oulefer ro unpt0ro KrvodvD, nou drorqpeirrr; oqoipeg oe xiv4o4.

oupyne€i pro Kor dvo poorr<d oproror€hKd 6tiypo roXupr(6rov drr qg6orl srr€X)dvuar ro xev6.p. ho rcr oupdvro o6pcrc ro rrpdyparo qrov evrel<69 6rorpoperr-rd. Aurd 6ev rrepreiXov xcxvdvs qrr6 rq rdocrepo ororle io rqg enf-ye rag 6}qg. 'Hrav dlc 64;-rroupyrl;rdvo arr6 rivo <oyvd> ror operd-plqro rrd;rnro ororXeio, rqv nepnrouois. lrc rdOe o16;;o fiou fi€pr-€fxs rrlv rrsprrrouoi'o q Euoxrl xivryoq qrav pn ct\dxonq xivqoq oercoxhrcr1 rpoXrd yrip<o arr6 ro rivrpo rou liprrovros/ ro orroio ou-v€rrrrr€ pt ro r<dvrpo rqg l-r19.

Tov 17o or<6vo 11 Oerrrpio ourrl e{or<o}ou0o6oe vo d1e r roXd ev6gorppo 66yporog. 'Hrqv Oepretrrolpdvrl ndvcrr rrrqv ovrilqq,rrl rrlg rd-

€nS, rnS repcxplfo5 Kor rou orono6, pro ovri\qq.rq orrdtruro ono6e-r<rq r<or arr6 rqv rorvrrrvio, orqv orroio lo6oe o fctrrtroiog.

H NEYTON KI] :YNOEII ]

-4

e

Page 91: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rry$ K*YrlsrE*,

Ag uno0ioou;re drt prcg rdvouv rqv epcirrrloq: Tt yped(traryn vc propei iva orbya vs rctv{rat a\tdxona pe ora)eprlraX0rqra;. H roOr1;reprvrl eprnerpio pdg onpc6Xvtr o€ Fro tv-orrrrc66q ondvrrlorl. frq vo prrrope ivo 6rorr;peiror q rivqorlrrpirrer vo ooreiror pro 66vopq rrou 0o rq ouv'rqpef.'Evo orrrprdrouro ppioreror rrcivrrr orrl porcdro.'Orov roonp6{oupe Kor ro o<prlooupre, cre trryo 0o oroporqoer. frovo rororpdpoups vo 6rorqpqooup€ rqv r<ivqoq, Xpe rd(erorvo ro onpr6lvou;,re ouve1c65. 'Orov oroprorrlooupre vo rd-voup€ rourri, 11 pdprc 0o ouvelirre r yro lryo vo r<rveiTor, oI-ld dorepo o116 peprrd pfrpo Ocx orrvqrorrorqOef. O rord-troyog 0o pnopo6oe vo rreprldBer dvo o<op6 riroro rrcpo-6e iyporo. Or errc6veg nou dloupre yr ' ourd pog trdve our6

nou roXupr(drov rcr o Aprororitrns/ 6rr tir1tro6r1, yrd (vq prrrope i>> vorrve iror dva ovrrreipevo, dXe r rrlv ovdyrr; plog 66vopq5, Elocpoperr-rd Oo <Oelqoer> vc errrorpf\t €r orrl <cpurrrr<q> rou rordoroorl/ rroueivor q or<rvqoio.

H ovrfppqorl rou lotrrloiou oXerf(€ro p€ our6 trou ouvrlOtrrg {e-1vdpe, drov pro(dpoors vo onovrrloouFs oe rdroro ep<rlrrlporo.Orr (o6pe oe ivqv rd,o;ro yepdro rprpdg Kqr cxvrrordoer5. Av oqr<c6-ooups rq por<€ro ror pdtroupt ro ofirpr(fuouro oro'ndropo tiivo-vrdg rou rrlv i6ro rrdvro 60qoq, 0q ro 6orjpe vo qrTopoKpdveror

neproodrepo. Av rpirgoup€ To ndrcopo 1-ti1pr vo yuolioer, ro ot6po0o rrder ar6pro rno porprd. Ereivo rrou grrvrdorlKs o fotrrtroio5 po-or(6rov oe dva rropcxrripcx sv. Av r<ororpipoupe vo e{ou6errp<ioou-pe retreirog rrg rprpig rrdvor o' dvq rrnorrFovrKr;g <povrooiog parcp66rd6popo, ro orr.rprdrouro 6ev 0o oropcrr-qoer nori.

Aurd rrou <povrdorrlre o fafuloios Kcir ro 6rordTr<rroe pe oocprl-v€ro o Nerirov rlrov 6rr dvo o6;ro prropt:f vq xrveirqr, Xopis vq o.orsirqr o' s,ot6 rc;rio 6rivop4, 6rarrlpriwos rnv rcldrqrd rouoruesp4. Idprcp<ovo ps rrlv dfioqrrl o'urnt q 66vapr1 irarpt vs tivatatria rqc rcivqoryc ror ondrrqoe ivo rorvofpro vdqpro. H Erlvoprq iyr-ve ania perapoAqs rr1g rcivqorys.

Xropig r<a;rio 66vopq ro orrrpr6xourc, 6orepo qrrd rrlv oplrrrl

0 lsaak Newton(Nedrov) yeuv{8qxeor4v Ayylio 1042 ror

f([oe p6xpr ro 1727. Heni6pooq rou epyou rou

orqv xoronrvd e{6Ir{4rqg enrcrflp4g frov x6rr

nou privo pe roflpolyo0psvo rou

oprmorehropori pnopeivo ouyxprOei. Ileddv eni

6rlo or6veq, pdlpr r4vepqdvro4 r4g Oeopiog

r4g llerrrdr4rog, qenrpotrf rqg ouOevriog

rou flrov olorlqporrxf.

-e

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 92: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

<i01or; 0o rrveiror pe oroOeprl ro16rqro, 1'eyovd5 e{ioou cpuorr<dpe ro drr 0o rropipreva orivrlro ov ro orprlv(rps orrl 0dor1 rou, 1to-pi5 vo ro rrerpd{oupe . Ere(vo rrou oroporde r rr1 pdpr<o 6ev e ivor d-rr rrdq;ope vo rcdvoupre rourri. Eivor q avriorooq rou vepo6. Av 6evun(p1e ovrio'rooq, q pdpxo 0o ouvdXr(e vo o1i(e r ro vep6 Fs oro-Oepq roXfrqro 1<rrpig vo lperd(eror ropio pio(Oe rcr er pipou5 pog.Olo ove{orpircog ro oc6paro er6q}c6vouv pio rdoq -51 p6vo vo

rropop6vouv orcivqro, qtrtrd- vo 6rorqpodv rqv rrvqrrr( rou5 rord-

oroorl. H rdoq ourrl onoreAef ;rfo Oepetrrcrr<r1 r6rdrqro rq5 6}119rrou triyeror c6privera ror o v6pog fiou rrlv rreprypdcpe r triyeror vri-

FoS rns o6priverag.fro rov Nerjrrovo, o vdprog rqg a6pdveros ll€op€i'ror o rrpdrro5 a-

n6'roug rperq v6proug rr15 r<ivqoqg ror roXder ,ixr Fr6vo yro ro erryetaolld ror yro rdOe o6po orrou6rlnore oro llpnov. 'Hrov q npc6rq,ioco5, cpopd fiou rl Aurrrrl ordrpq opvr6rov.'rr; 6rdr<proq oe v6prou5 e-rriye roug Kor o€ v6poug rrov rdlerov Oupovriv. Arqrurrc6vovrdg rovorq Aorrvrr<d dyporge drr <rd0e o6pa 6rar4pei rqv rcrdortroq o-rrvrloia5 { ru0riypopprlg opo)\{g xivqoqg e,pdoov 6ev coreiror o'curri drivaprl>.

Av Oel(oou;-re vo rporiooups ro firo onpovrrrd oqgeio rou npri-rou vdpou rrlg rivqorlg 0o npooi{oupe drr:

1. Erodye r rqv dvvoro a\pdven 0ecopc6vrcr5 rrlv oov 0e petrrorq r-616111ro rqg dlr1g. llprcpolvo 1.r' ourqv, rdOe ocbpo e x6r1lc6ve rrqv rdoq vo 6rorqpe ( rqv r<rvrlrrr<q rou liordoroorl.

2. AiXeror 6rr 11 roli5 rou vdpou errerre iveror Kor oro oupdvrooc6poro, 6rr eivor y' dllo trdyro dvog vcilJ()q ncxyrc6optoc,.

3. Erodyer pro roobuvcrpr(o cxvd;reoo orrs 66o roroordoerg, rqvrccxrdorcxoq or<rvrloicg Kcr rrlv rordorcroq euOriypo;r;rqS oFrcx-trr1g rivqoqg.

Ardpo ror oq;.repo, rpsrs orc6ve5 prerd r11 6ror6rrcooq rlS, rl r-6do d,rr i.va avnrceipevo pnopei vs xtveirar ,u5vo roo Xupiq Kdprd66vapr7 va ro por1)der, orodyercxl nopd{,svrr.

Oo prnoporioop€ vo rr lv evrol fooup€ qrdpvovro5 oro puotrd,pog yeyovdro roOqpeprvrl5 (cor15, 6rcrlg cu16 prrog ogoipog rrourutr iersr orqv errrcpdvsro rrcytopdvns } ipr,r1g, rou ouroKrvr lrourrou ouvelf(e r vo rcrve iror ;re rcxX6rqro oro rvrrcp6>, rou or6pordgpos rrou e{orcotrouOe ( vo xrve frqr 6rov ro quror(vqro <ppevdpe r o-

-H

e

H NEYTON KH IYNOEII]

Page 93: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rrdropo Kor 6€v gopdp€ rq (rivq oorpo,\eio5.Mnopodpe, dprs, vo rrpoogdyoup€ ()ro spyoorrlpro yro vq fi€t-

poprorrorodF€ Fs rrlv rivqoq ev6g ovrrrer;.rivou oe errrrpdvero ;,re oorl-povr€S rprpig.

fltivo 0e opr(dvrto eninedo nou pnope( vo eivor q p6o4 r4q orrporpdne(og ri pro cnrg6vero, or4v onoioeloupe qpowioer vo eloXroonor{ooupe rq rprpdg, pri(oupe dvo prrpd ovrrxcipevo, ro onoio to0orlpexor ro oq{voupe. Ir4 ouvdlero npoono0o0pe vo ewoni(oupe r4 0do4 rou ov6 ioo ypovrrri droorriporo.Aurd ro reAeuroio ynopodpe vo ro nerdloupe ge 14 orpopoollonrr{ p60o6o. 0o dxoupe dvo odrpo nou0o xtveirot yrrrpig vo 661eror ouvroropdv4 drivop4, yro To onol0, ov 6ouA6r[oupe npooexrrrd, eivor du-vor6v vo drorrm6ooupe drr 0o drovdet oe iooug lprivoug ioo iiroor(poro.

Ereivo, 6prs, rrou e(vor rreproodr-epo rrerorrr6 eivor 11 6rcmq;l-r{ epnerpio. I rrg 2 Moprfou rou 1972 rKroq€6rr lK€ ro 6roornpd-rr loro Pionner-10 o116 rov r6poulo Al las-Centaur pe rol0rqro51.810 km/h 11 orroiq crrqrre ircr yrq vo rrr{r6e 6oe I fipos rov nlovrl-rq Aio. To Oe ppoudpro rou 1996 ro 6rorrrqpdnloro pprordrcv 9,56roexoropptipro lfudperpo parprd ord, rr1 f4 ercrriprovro5 po6ro-rriporo rrou 1pe ro(drov rrdvot orrd 8,5 cipeg yro vo grdoouv orqfr1-

Irlpepo, ro Pionner-10, ;.rorprd qrr6 ro 4fuor6 ;rog o6orqpo, e{o-rolouOef vo ro{r6e 6e t yupiq va ro npout1ti xayft 66vapq. Ewoei-rcr 6rr orov 17o orc6vo rou lotrr]qiou K(xt rou Nerircovo eprrerpiegrirorou ei6ou5 rlrov ovfnopKr€S.

H roopponioIrov rrpc6ro vdpro rqg r<ivqo4g yiveror 6er<rd drr 6ev urrdpler roprrd6ro<popd ovdpeoo (o) orrlv rrepirrrooq nou 6ev ooKo6vrot rq06-lou 6uvdprerg ror (p) orrlv rrepinr(Dorl rrc,u oororivrqr otrld 11 ouvr-orcprivrl rou5 eivor pr16iv. AelSpoore p' ,illo tr6yro 6l eivat 6uvs-rdv va, oor<ofvror o'6vo oc6prc 6uvdprer5 Ksr vo pqv er6qlov€rqt Kd-

;rrd peropotr4 orqv rrvqrrrrl rou rsrdororrrl. A6pre rdre 6'rr ro o<upatoopporei, fipdyFo rrou orlproiver eire 6rr orrvqre ( efte 6t Ktv€iTolpe oroOeprl rolirrlro. AS Flnv {epdpre 6r-r o npc6rog v6pog Oeo:pe irrg 6rio rorqordoerg roo6rivopr€S. 'Ooo yt(r rts ooro6peveg 6uvdprerq

Xprlof Forroloripre rq 6lordrrcooq ot 6uvdye;g toopponodv.

H NEYTONIKH IYNOE:H

Page 94: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

TfOeror ro e pc6rqpro. f1ore5 e fvor or olye pprr<59

oXdoerg prero{6 6uvdprecov ooxouprdvcrrv oe oqpreror<dovrrrei;;evo ro onoio roopporre (; l-lcrl5 pnopori;re {e-rcvc6vrcg o116 ro yeyovdg d'rr 4 ouvroro;rdvr1 rougeivor prq6dv vu o6qyq0odpre or: ourdg rrg oXdoerg;

Mro rotrrl pd0o6oq yrCI rrl petrdrrl rou (qrrlpcxrog

eivor q avaAunxrl pd0o6o5. A',rol6oupa roOe prd orrdrrg oor<o6peveg 6uvd;rsrs os 6rio rd0ereg ouvrorri-

oeg dror c6ore 6treg or ouvrorc6oe5 vo ppior<ovror o€ 6rio r<dOerougdloveg, rov x Kor ro y.

flepropr(6ptvor o€ opoenire6e5 Euvdpre r5 pnopotipe vo qrro6ei-

{oupe 6rr ro dOporopo r<lv otryepprrc6v rrprc6v ro)v ouvrorooriv rcx-rd rov d{ovo x (ro onoio ouppoli(oupe pe IF") npirrer vo eivor ioops pr16iv ror 6rr ro i6ro rrpdrrrr vo ro16er KCn yro ro ovriororXo d-Oporopro (IFr) rord rov d{ovo y. fpdrpoupre : )-F*: 0 r<or IFr: g.

lcrX6e r 6p<og ror ro ovriorpocpo. Av roX6or.rv or 611o olye pprrdg e-

{,roc6osr5 ro ovrrxefpcvo 0o ppiorrror o€ roo6rporrio. Aev yperd(eror6qla6q vcr toX6er ror rdrroro rpirrl e{io<rroq.

To nopondvo ocpoporJv Kor orrlv rrepirrrrrloq rrou ro ovrrrefpe-vo e ivor dvo oc6;ro ;re 6roordo€rs F€ rnv rrpoun60eoq or oorco6preveg6uvdprer5 vo dXouv gopei5 (euOefeg orrg onofsg cxvqxouv rq qvri-

ororxo 6rovtioproro) 6rep16prvou5 cxrr6 ro i6rc or1;reio.

IF* = g looPPoniaIFr= 6 opoennr(.6uv \uvdpeuv

No ouvoq;ioou;re . Or 6rjo otryepprr<dg e{rocrioer5IF": 0 rcorIFr: 0 orrorelo6v avcyroia ror rrav{ ou\/O{Kq yrcr rnv rooppo-nia opornrnd6<ov 6uvd;reorv. M'dltro l6yro

o) 'Orqv e ivoryvcrlor6 drr dvq o4perord <xvrrre fpevo roopporreior 66o e{roc6oe 15 pdg nlqporpoporjv yro rous oucrx€rropo6g r<ov 6u-vdprecrrv rrou oororivror o' cxurd.

p) Mnopotipe vo npopldq,roupe drr dvo orlpercr<d ovrtrcefpevo 0o6rarqpe i rqv rrvqrrr( rordoroorl nou dlsr o€ pro opropdvrl orryp4,ecp6oov yvopi(oupe 6rr IF, : 0 xor IFu : 0.

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIN

To 6rio gr4pptiyrro eivorqn6 6rugoperrxdq

Qotrdq. Tpopdve rorlixouAo, oA16 ourd

p6ver oxivqro. MroporileVo Yp6.{roulen*r-z=o'

-h

o

Page 95: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

-h

e

"ry5 xr qoqs

H r6rorrlro a\povenKol ro pdyeBo S po(oIrov npc6ro v6po xivqoqg, q o6pdvera Oricoprl0qre co5 pio'rdor1 r<ovooprd'rrov oro vc 6ror4podv rrlv KrvrlrrKll rou5 xar-doroor1. l{ rdoqaurrl ex6qtrc6verqr Fs rrlv <enrpovq> rou odrporog vo 6rar4pei piooro0epq rc16rqrc, erpdoov 6ev errr6pc,0v o' our6 6uvdperg clldKor ov enr6po6v, q ouvroropivrl rous vo eivor ioq pe pq6dv.

Tr ouppaiver, 6ycog, cv qorodvrqr 6,;vdpers rrou 6ev oltrr1troe-{ou6erepc6vovrdr, rrou 6Xouv 6qlo6rg rcirroro ouvroropfvq; I' cu-rr1 rqv nepirrr<ooq -o6pg<ovo F€ rov opropd rqg 66vopq5- ro ocir-po 0o rropouordoer enrrdXuvorl, r1 ro16r4rd rou 0o peropdlle-rqr o6rdKorro. Tr yiveror r6re F€ rrlv a6pdve rd rou; H r6r6rqro u-rrdpler rrdvror€, ;r6vo rrou eivor rrporr;r6repo, o' ourrl rrlv rrepi-rrr<oorf vo trfpre drr er6rllrrlvrrdr oGV ptcr avrioraon orrq, perapo-A(.9 rng ro'ytrr1raq.

H i6ro 6r1lo6q, 1616111ro, 11 o6pdvero rcuv oorpdrov neprypd(prrolo) orr;v Xopis rivqorl oov Frq rdoq yn 6rurqpqor1 rr1q, xtvqnxqs

rouq rcardoraoqqp) orq peropatrl6pevrl rivrloq oqv Fro dvrtordoq rr1v onoia ex-

\ryAtbvouv rcard nq yerapoA(.q r7q raXtrryrdq rouq.flipo orr' ourd, 6por5, 11 o6pdvero-cxvr-ioroo4 epgovi(er xor ivq

loporrrypo rrooorr16. Irqv i6ro peropotr\dpevrl rivqoq ro 6rdgopoo<6;rorc 6ev er6rllcOvouv ro i6ro 6vrovo rrlv cvriorcorl roug rccrdrrg ;reropolds rrls roX6r4rdg roug. Eivor rrotrf nro 66orolo vd trr-rcrXuv0ei prro or6epivro prrrinro oe crXioq pe ivo i6rou peydOous Frrq-ldrr rou firvyK-fiovyr. To yeyov65 aurd, pro5 iXer o6rlyqoe r oro vorrooorr Korror4ooupe rrlv r6r6rqra-o6pd''rero errrvocirvro5 yro rdOeoc6po 6vc piye0os rrou vo prrropef vo rn F€rpde r. To piyeOo5 trou

Xprlorpofiororipe yro vo rorord{oup€ rrs a6pdvereg rcov 6rag6p<ovor'rpdrov trdyeror alpavenxr1 pdla 4 o,r.',\d pd(a.

M61a evrig o6pcrog ldyercr ro pdrpo r4g c8pdverog rou ot6-

Foros auro6.

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 96: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

: To epcirrqpoI Evc6 o npr6rog v6;,rog rqg rivrloqg onqvrd oro epc6rrlpo: n ouy-: paivet o' Evc oti.tpa oro onoio 6ev aoxeirat 56vapq; urrovoc6vrogI 1re rov opo 66vopr7- rrl ouvroropfvq, ro epcirrrlpro oro orrofo orrq-I vrd o 6e6repoq v6pog eivqr: fl ouppaivet o' €vs odtya oro onoio q-

' oxeiran 66va1tr1; uno6rltrcivovros Kor our6g tr1 ouvrmopdvq.I O 6edrepo5 vd;rog rr15 xivqoqg iler enrrporqoer vo triyerol Oepe-

; fuc66r15 v6poq rrlg Auvoprrrrlg. Ano6eX6;.revog rov oprop6 rrlg 6rivo-

: pqS -odpqovo ps rov ono(o egdoov o' ivq c'c6po ooreirot 66vop4j ro ocrlpra 0o d1e r enrrdXuvoq- errrle rpe i vo orrovrqoe t xor oro epcir-

, TTIFqI ond n xa1opi(erar 11 entrdyuvorl ev<iq, ouparoq;

i Kol 6rorqprjooer 6rr 11 enrdyovorl evdq od.t,uaroq \nyopgtitvtrat

I rdoo a) dn6 rn ouvrcrap€vrl ruv aorcouytvtur, \uvdpeuv 6oo xo; p)

i dn6rq pd(aroo otbyarog.l-ro vo rov rorovoqoouye 0o lperoore i vo e{erdoou;.re lcoprord

r rov pdlo nou rroi(rr rl pdlo Kor rov pdlo trou ra((t: 11 6rivopq orq

, 6rap6prpoon rns enrrdXuvorlg.

, H perpqon rns pq(oSAv onpcir{oup€ ro i6ro 6uvord ro d6e ro rouri'rq5 prn6pa5 Kot ro y€-pdro pe prndpo xouri ro d6ero errtroXdverol neptoo6repo. Av, 6q-lo6q, rou 6c6oou;re prc orrpor{rd rorclopoivr:upe d,rr iler yrrp6te-pl pdlo. l-f6or1 6prog e(vor q pd(a rou; Kor yevtrdrepo: Ikbq pno-potpe va yerpryooul.tE rn pd(a ev6g o<nparoq; H r6do e ivot vo oorrl-ooup€ ioeg 6uvdperg oe 66o 6ragoperrrd cvrn:eiprevq Kor vc ouyrpi-vouH€ rrg enrroX6vo€rs rous. Or 66o 6uvdprer<1 prropodv vo Oeolpq-Ooriv foeg ecp6oov rporolodv rrlv i6ro rropopripcptoon oro i6ro etro-rqpro. Or crXerrrig perprloe rg 6e(Xvouv 6t o A'5yoq, ruv ya(<bv ruv66o avnrcerytv<nv eivat iooq pe ro avriorpoEo rou Adyou rav Ernrx-

Xrivoeuv nou 0a anoxrryoouv, ur6 rr1v eni\pooq io<nv \uvdyeuv.

ml g2

rrrr-= o'

Av ro ivo o116 ro 66o oc6poro ro OeorpqoslrFe <og rrprituno ;rd-(qS, drros yro nopd6erypo ro rrp6rurro ltrr6vpoppro (kg) rous Are-

0vo6g ouorrl;.rcros (S.l), 0a prnopo6pre vo unotroyi(oupre rr1 pd(orou dMou oc6poroq. O (uy6q o6pdverog orro'retref prro relvrrrl rrou

I

e

F'] NEYTONIKH:YNOEIN

Page 97: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

l"rss €filrpdrrtt vo p€rpdp€ rqVaCd €vd(; ofiorou6qnore ovrrrerpi-VOU.

H oyeon rqs 6uvopnsH€ rrlv €nrroxuvorlTo d6ero rplrr(dvr ppiorcercr ndvor oro tpcnr(.(r. Av ro onp<6{oupre0o errrroXuv0ef rqr ov ro onpc6{oupe nto 6uvqrd 0o enrroXuvOeineproodrepo. H roOqpeprvr l e prrerpfo eivor pdporo ro0o6qyr;r lxqol ld 6ev enopref ov Odlou;re vo r<orotrq€oups o€ xdrroro vdpo.Acpqver cvorrdvrqro epcrrrq;.roro 6rr<o9 ro <<n €Trrrdxovoq nou 0a a-rorcrrToet eivq avdAoyq rrpoq rr:. 66vayq noo aorceirat aur6;> q ro<n6or1 66vapr1 np(.nu va aoxq1ei o€ ptd pnihct ytl, va, anrorcrqoet e-mrdyuvory I mls;> Xpe rd(e'ror vo rorocp6youp€ oro epyoor(pro. Noovorcpivoulls rrlv rrpcryporrrdrqra orrl y,\c6ooo r<rrv ewotr6v Kot vorrdpoupre o116 our4v rrg orrovrqoerg.

Xpero(dpoore dvcx orirpo oro orroio vtx qoKeirot rdrroro 6rivopr1.Tq 6r ivoprl ourr l 0c rrpdner vo;rnopo6pt vo rq perpcipe rcor vs i -

Xoup€ <ppovrioe r vo e ivcr ouvroropdvrl dlcov rcov 6uvdpeov. flpirrerenioq5 va pporjpre ivov rpdno vo roralpdqoups rqv enrrdluvorlrou ocir;rcrog. frc rq pirpqoq rrlg 66vop 19 0o pog e {urrqperqoer d-vo 6uvoprd,perpo.

fro rrlv r:rrrrdluvoq 0o Xpe roororj-p€ p€rporcrviu xor Xpovdperpo. Or6uor<oli:5 eivor rrollig. H r6ovrr<q6ro6rxqrrfo 0o r l rov dvo neipopooro 6rdorr1p0 o€ ne prolq Xtr lpi 'Spop6rqro dror r6ore q provo6rrr l6rivo;rr1 vo npodpleror crr6 ro e-lorqpro.

I ro 'yr l rvo epyoorr lpr6 poS nrr€rpoporrrKq dpe uv<r pnopef vo yf-

ver rrdvo oe oe porpdre(a.'Evo ovriororlo neipopo pnope f vo yf-ver rrdvcrr oe ouvq0rop6vo rporri4r epyocrrqpiou, pe rpoXcxlio, qtre-rrpr rcd Xpovo;ierpnrrl r<or xoporocir<r.

H pr(o drp4 rn5 XCIprororvfog rrpoo6dverot oto roporodrt.Arrd ro ixun otn loproT orvio pnopodpe vo npoo6ropiooupe rqv

errrrdXuvoq. To rrefpoopo prropei er'(org, vo yive t pe ivo ldorrXo

H NEYTONIKH:YNOE:H

I

h

e

Page 98: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

E l-=-l f-] r . '-:-l

fipoo6€6sFivo oro KoPorooKl.

Boor(dpevol or ls F€rpqtrer5 6rorunc6voupre ro

np<rlro ouprripoopto:Eg6oov 11 66vayrl napay€vet ora)ryr1, 11 xivryoq

rou otbyaroq eivot oyaAd en'nayuv6yevq. Zra?epr1,

p' dtrlo trdyro, 66va1tq npoxaAeiota?epr1 emrdyuv-

orl.Irq ouvflero 6rnlaotd(oupe rq 66vopq nou q-

oro6;re oro i6ro oc6pro ror perp<ovrCIS rrlvia enrrdluvoq e{orprpc6-

vouF€ drt eivqt 6rntrdoro rrls rrponYo6yevrlS. Av rprrrloordooupe rrl

60vopq -xpnottlofiort6vroS ndvro ro 16ro oci'Po-, 0o 6larrlorcooou-

p€ rov tp'tttroo'oop6 rnS enrrdXuvoqq xcrl ourq q avaAoyia 0q ou-

veXi(eror. To prilpl rc6po ouprepdoporo €'torurrc6vovrot P€ rqv

np6rcrorl:H tnndXuvorl @nor€treopa) tvdg orbyatoc, eivct avdAoyq pt rq

66v(,{1.tq (airto) nou Ciorceirctt o' dur6 xat txet rqv i6n xare60uvorl y',

curnv.

r H Bepehcb6qE e(iocooqrns 6uvoprKrlsAg enrlerprloouFls vo ouvoq.rioouSre . Evc6 orq"r np<irq oelpd rr€lPq-

prdr<rlv ooXotrq0qrqp€ Pt 6uo 6rogoperrrd or6porc, oorqoops Kql

ora 66o rrlv i6lo 66vop4 ror <prerp4ooFt)) rrl prd(o tou ev65 oe oXi-

orl F€ rn pd(o rou dltrou, rq 6efrepq rpopd ooXotr40r1rope p'dvo

oc6;r<r ror <prdoo;lt ord ouprlepdoproro rrou i5lorurrr6oope''Olo to ouprrepdo;rord fiou pyqrcv o116 rq rrerpdpcro xo0c65

ror dtro qurd rrou oupgov(ocpe, PrroPofv vo ouyrreprtrqcpOotiv

oro 6e6repo v6pro rlg r(vnoq5 o onofoS liyer-or ror 0eprehr6615 v6-

pos rns Auvo;rrr45:H corodPsvn os dvo otirpo 6rivapq nporolei enrrriXuvo4 pe

rqv xuredouvorl rqg 66vapqg xor pdrpo foo ;re to nrllfro rrlg 66'

vaFqs rrpos rrl pd(a rou otiParoS.Itq ylcbooo rcDv ou;rp6trov o v6;rog er<ppri(eror pre tq }eydpevq

Oepetrrc66q e{iorooq rr15 Auvo;rr rq5.

d=im

, Mto dllrl roo66vqprl YPdq{ ourr15 r15 e{ic'trloq5 eivot n -;X

e

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 99: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

tr

Iro 6re0vi5 odorrlpo povd6urv, 4 po'rd6o Fd(qS 1 kg Oe<opeiror0epelr<56r;9. Eivqr ly61s ev<ig ruli6pou qrr6leurdXpuoo ps opr-opriveg 6roordoerg ror gul*yerqr oro A e0vdg l-pocpeio Mdrporv rorIro0pc6v.

Xpqorponorc6vrog rov 6edrepo v6po rqg rivqoqg prnopo6pe voopiooupe og povd8o 66vopr1g rq 6dvoprl q onofo ooxo6prevq oeoc6po Frd(aS 1 kg npor<otref errrrdluvol 1mls'. H povd6o ourq tri-yercr 1 Newton -rrpos rrprq rou I. Newton- ror ouppoA((trar pe 1N. To 1 N e ivcr, rrepirrou, 11 66vaprq rrou core f o ovr(1e rpcg oro rri-o<rl pt6pog rou orul6 yrq vq pyer 4 p6rq.

Krinoreg noparqp{oerg

1. O 6edrepo5 vdproq rrlg r<ivqoqg 6(ve r rrlv ondvrrlorl oro rrotrf po-orrcd epc6rqpo

An6 n efcprdrat r7 perapoAq rr:,9 nvqnxqq xardoraoqg ev6g a-vnrce4ttvou;

H ondvrqorl rrou 6iver eivor 6rr o pu0p6g peropolq5 rrlg rcX6-rrlros (r1 errrrdluvorl) ev65 ov'rrrerpivou ro0opi(ercr rdoo o116 rr1ouvotrrrrl 6dvopq nou 0q oorcr10ei ndvc-r rou doo Kqr o116 rq pd(oTOU.

Kor q prev 66vopq (rrou errrpooconei'rr1 ouvofur( eni6paorl rrou6dletor ro ovrrrirprevo orrd ro neprpdl,\ov rou) roOopf(e r rrlv Kq-re60uvo4 r45 enrrdluvons, o}trd oupperiler ror orrl 6ropr6pgoonrou pirpou rq5.

Arrd rrlv dllq ro i6ro ro ovrrxeipevo ,rupperiler orq 6rapdp<pro-on rns errrrdluvorls Tou, 61 pipora oqv rore60uvoq otrld oov pri-rpo. H oup;reropl rou ourrl er<rppd(eror p€ rn yd(o rou.2. fw'r(,6F,rS, opropdveg gopdS, nap6tro rrou ooxo6;.re rdrroro 66-vo;rq, <6ev yiveror rirroro;>.

I

e

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 100: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

t /{Lt4dii l l

uh

Arivctprl nou qoxei(.v a tAar 4 p t o po\oy t o tjndwo oro p4yavop6 rou.

Atvctprl nou aaxeio av',.iyepaq, mo niou ytpoqrou <rruA6\

Arivoy4 rou e{aoxorjpeyn vt avoi{ouye tvavrou,\dtrr too t<)tivet pepuyvjr1.

Ativ<t1t 17'roo no6rc6 rdvamo nevrdA rou <pptvou evdq,autctxtv4roo.

A6vcpq dtr{e<o5 ev<5q otr61ou

Ativ<xy4 il{eurg evrigaoronvtyrou ndvu ororpoy6onro

Arjv<xyr1 tv6q yqdAouqtrexrpolt<tyvr1r11.

AEPA'h orrlArl rou a€pa 6ta-or(,AAera xord 18,3 cm.f ta va t.pno\fuouqE rn6,aorol( rou, 0a npinuvu corcrlooupe oro typoAo\ivayq 2 N.

H NEYTONIKH:YNOE:H

qI

{><b

OPEIXAAH operXdlxrv4 prip6oq 6ra-orttrAerq xard 1 mm rtpi-nou. fn va qnro\ioouyte au-r4 r4 6noroA4, 0a nptrttva aaxqaouye ndvw orqpdp6o 66vayq 12.000 N.

OINONNEYMAH ortlAtl orvorvetparog|rc.oriAAr,ar Ksrc 5 cmrrpinou. fra va eyno6i-aooye aurry rq 6noroAr7,Od lTpirrEt va aorqoooyenavw oro f.ltpoAo 66vay45.000 N.

I

e

Page 101: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

A,; SorrpdoouFs v0 onpc6-

{oupe dvo popd rpoprqyd r; 6vovouvqOropivo elfcpovro. Eivor i-vo e 1lc6rqp0 f iou 0o reOei rqrrroprrrdrco oro rcrcpdtrdro rr lSororrrrl5 rprF{S.

Oo orre6ooupre dprro5 orrdrc6prr vo 6r iooul-re ont ivrr loq.f lop<l lo rrou ooro6pe 66vop11oro (poprqy6 r'1 otov elfgovro,q 66vcpq ourq e{ou6erep<ilverorond'rq ororrrq rprpq nou oorceito df iorpo5, pe ouvdrrtr0 vG 0-oxo6'vror 6uvdpre rg atrIo 11 ouvr-oropfvq rous v0 efvor pr116dv.f lpiner, 6nlo6n vo npood{oupedrr o'rr1 0epehri6q e{iocooq 6rovypdgoupe F : ffro, ;re ro orj;rpo-,\o F rraprordvou;rt rrl ouvrorc-prdvq d,trorv r<ov 6uvd;r€cDV rrouooxorivror oro oc6;ro.3. O iie6repoq vdpog pog e{urrq-pere ( oro vo rpopldqroup€ rqve{dfut,q prog rivqorlg, o116 Fro o-

pro;.tdv4lpovrrry orrypq rot ndpo, ecpdoovo) e ivst yvrrrorq q Odoq ror q rol6rqro rou oqpe lorod ovrrrerpdvouexeivq rq orryprlp) eivor yv<oorr1 11Vct1s rou Koly) undplouv 61e5 or ntrqpocpopfeg yrcr rqv enf6poorl rou neprpdtr-Iovroq rrdvco oro ovrrreipevo.

Me pdoq cur6 ro releuroio prroporipe vo npoo6ropiooupe Slegrrg 6uvdpe r5 rrou oor<o6vror oro ov'rrre fprevo Kor vo pporipe rrl ouvr-oro;rdvq roug. To en6pevo pqpa eivot vcr egcxppdooups ro 6r6repov6po r<or pe pdoq rrl ouvroro;rdvq rov 6uvdpeo:v Kor rrl ;rd(o vonpoo6ropioouFs rrlv crrrrdXuvorl. floipvc,vroq rflog urrdrpq rrlv cp-

1xq Oioq Kqr rnv opXrr<r1 roXdrqro, 0o'npolcoprlooupe orrlv fispl-ypdq'l rq5 <ivqor15.4. H 0e;retrrri6r1g e{ioolorleivor plo e{fo<,ro4 6rovuo;rorrxr1. Kovovr-rd rrpirrer vo ypdcpoul-rc F = m d. Av or [iuvdper5 rrou qorodvror o-vrrororloriv oe 6rovrioporo oposfiine6o, o116 r4v e{fooroq pno-

H NEYTONIKH IYNOE'F]

hJ

o

Page 102: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

pofy€ vo ndpoupe 66o otryepprrdg e{rocrroe S, rrlv IF, : mo Kolrqv IF, : 0, 6nou IF" ro otryepprrd d0porol"ro r(DV ouvrorcrroc6vro)v qoKoupivorv 6uvdpecov rord rq 6reriOuvoq rr15 errrrdXuvonsror IF, ro qvrfororXo olyepprr6 d0poropro rord pia 6re60uvoq rd-Oerq orrlv enlrdXuvorl.

F=md

IFx=ms Alye pprrigEFy-0 e(roc6oerg

Milpr rr5 oplig rou qrc6vs pro5 o 0rpetrrc66r1g v6pog Fs rn Fop-cp( F:mo o'rexdrov ortr6vr1ro5 Xt'lpf5 roprd opgroprlrrlon. OAlbert Einstein (1879-1955) i6<rloe ro rrpdrro Xrdnq;ro. Irrl 0e-copfo rrlg oXerrr<drr1ra5 roXupiorqr<e drr n oEpove rorrl pd(o6ev eivar oraOepq otrld au€dvsr Fe rqv r-crlJrqro. H perapolrlcrror6oo rqg o6poverorcrlg pd(os, rrou rr5roptrdrre r q Oecrrpiorqg oXerrrdrrlros e ivqr urrotroyior;rq pdvo orrg nol6 preydtre5raXfrrlreg, ouyrpforpe5 ps rqv rcrXtirqro rou rpor65.

fro dtreg rr5 roljrrpss rtrlv ouvrlOropdv()u p€ydeoug oopd-To)v, rl o6poveroxrl pd(o eivor rrpcryparrxd oraOepq ror q e{i-ocooq F=mo roXrler. M6vo yro oro;rrrd KdlnupqvrKd ocrrpdrro,

4le xrp6vro, rrp<ordvro r.d., rrou orrorro(,v peydtreg rc16rq-reg npirrer va ldpoupe undq4 pos rrl perrpolrl rq5 o6pover-orcqg pd(o5. Aev pdOopre, lorrrdv, ro 6e6repo v6;ro d6rrco.

Alld rlpee rcr dl),o Xrdnqpo. frip<o o'rc 1920 or cpuorrofouve r6qronofrloov 6rr rq oroprrrd ocopdrro ;rdoo oro droporor opy6repo Kqr pioo oro orepe6 oc6po, 6ev urrorodouvorov 6e6repo vd'po. H egcxppoyq rou o6rlyqoe oe trovOcxoprivoouprrepdoporo Kqr cxvrrcpdoerg pre dlloug'r6Frous rqg <puorr<(grrou 6ev unqpXe l6yog vo oprproprlrofv. Or r<rv(oer5 rov oo)-prorirrrv 6ev e ivor 6uvor6v vo npoplegOotiv pre rov rp6rro rrounpoptrinovror o116 rov Oepefudl6rl v6po or orroro6qrrore o116rr5 popcpdg rou. Mdvo yro rr lv rrr0av6rq'ro vo ppi 'orrrol rooorprdrro oe rdrroro neproXrl q vo 51er rc416rq'ro ovdpeoo oerdrrorq dprcr, iXcr vrirlpo vo ou(qrd;rE.'Erot, vlcr rnv rivqoqr(l)v ocD pori<rlv uurriv 6r orurrr60 11 rov vdptot 6r acpoperr xo f.

I

e

H NFYTONIKH:YNOEII

Page 103: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Opro;rdvegrrpdg po(tiv

(oe kg)

O fo,\o{ia5 po5 2,2 10"

O 'Htrroq 2 10''

Hln 610'

H Iehjvq 7,4 1t:

lri(o rou vrpod

tulvtDxcqvov 1,4 10''

tvo5 rtrdcpcwcr5 4,5 10''Evo5 ov0pono5 7 10

Mro priyo orogulori 3 '10'

Evoq xrirro5 oxdvq5 2,3 10 ''

tvo dropo oupwiou 4 10 "-Evo nportivro 1,7 10)-

Evo rlkxrpdvro 9,1 10'

10o g

, ]NEN

To Bopos Kor n po(oMiXpr rov 17o ord)vo €nrKporodo€ rl drrorlq drr ro PdpoS €v6S oc6-pcros eivor q quorK4 rdorl ev6g ocbporos vo rriqrst orn l-n. O Ne6-rorv rlrcv ourds Trou ovi, peqr€ rnv rrovdl)Xoro our4 drroqrrl Yro vo

uroorrlpi'E€r drr ro pdpoS ev6g o6;ro105 €i'vor pro €lKrrK4 66vapr1rrlv ofioi'o ooK€f rl l-rl oro ouyKsKprFdvo orirpro. Idpgolvo P€ rn v€u-

rtovrK4 6uvoprrr<( 6lo ro ovrrKti'F€vq, orfd ro rlro poptd FdXpr rCInro elorpprd, dXouv rdrroro pdpoS p€ rrlv dwotq drt oe cilo 11 I-q o-oKsf Kdnoro HrKp{ 4 y€ydln 6r1vopr1.

To 6rdvupo rrou noprordv€r ro FdpoS; evd,g o16;roro5 6rdpXerorofi6 ivo opro;rfvo orlpsfo ro orroi'o liyerrxr xivT po pdpou5 rou otrl-poros. Kord rqv etre60epq nrtoorl evdg crc6poro5 ro pdpog eivor 11povo6rrq 6rjvopq rrou soreiror oro oc6;rrr rot eivqt ouverrri5 ourrlrrou fipoKolei rq popurrxrl errrrdluvorl g.

I6pg<ovo lorr6v F€ rov 6e6repo v6po rrlg rivrloqg roXftrB=mg

6nou ro o6pBolo m noprordvr:r rr1 yd(o rou o<6;roro9.Efvor rpovepd, 5rr yro 66o ociporo pe pd(eg m1 Kor m2

rsr qvriororlc B, ror B, roX6rr mrlm, : Br/8-'. Mrropori;rt p'dtrtro l6yro, vo perpqooupe ;rio p6(a, va ppo6pe, 6qtro6r1,rov ld,yo rrls Tlpos piov dllq (rrou 0o oTrorelef rr1 povd6o)o116 rov Adyo r<rrv 6uo pop<6v. Ie retreuroia ovdluoq pno-po6pe vo perprloou;re pio pd(o lprlorponorrivrog rov (u-

yd 11 ro 6uvopdprerpo. Ksr our6<,0c eivor dvo5 rp6nog no-tr6 rrro pofuxd5 orrd rov npoqyoriprevo, o ofioioq pooiorrlre

orq ;rirprloq rrlg o6pdvero5.

C)o16oo, yro rov npoo6roproF6 rrls pci(og rtrlv oroprKc6v ror rorvTruprlvrrov orrrporirov o pd,vo5 rp6nog efvor 11 pi0o6o5 rq5 o6pdver-oS/ fiou ouoroorrrd eivor <pd0o6og xl<orcrdg>. Iuyrerprpivo ;rerpd-pe rq peropolq rq5 rcrXrirqrog rou o<opcriou, fiou nportrq0qre o116yvroorq 66vopq, q orroio evepye i yrc yv<.oor6 1povx6 6rdorqpo.

j

e

tr H NEYT.N KH IYN.EIH

Page 104: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

O rpiro v6pog,rqs KrY oqs

ociryo B

ocirpo A

H 0lllleri6p0oq ovripeoo oe Duo otirporo Axor B neprypdoeror pe dfo 6uv6[srs FAB KolFBA 0r oroiss 0s xd0e lpourr( uflyp{ 61ouv i-oo pdrpo ror owf0ereq xoreu0(voerg.

Mra r6do ncpti{evr1

Mro poprd or6epivro pnifuc rrdcprer pe g6po ndvcooe ivo ogarp(6ro, or8epivro ol.\d nol6 nro elocpptl.Idprpcovo F€ rn quorrrl, q pcprd pnifuo ooref 66vc-

Frl oro ocporpf6ro olAd ror ro ogorp6to ooxef 66vo-

Fn orn prrrifuo. Av unoOdooupre drr prdg rdvouv rqv s-prirqoq <<notd an6 rtc,66o ao#q 6uvd1tuq, {vat p*yaA1repry;> 0o Oetrqoou;.re ou06pFrlro vo onovrq-ooup€ 6rr q 66voFrq rrou oore i q poprd p'nfiro eivororyoupo rrro peydtrr1.

Ko0c6g o prcryvqrrl5 rpopder rqv ropcpiroo, oriprgo-vo p€ rrl guorrrl, r{g oor<ef rdrrorc 66vopr1 Kor rl Kop-rpiroo ooref rourdlpovo oro poyvrlrrl rdrroto 66vcpq.Av rdrrorog prdg porrrloEt <<ndn sTrd rtc,66o auris 6u-vdpeg eivar yeyaA1reprl;> efproore drorpror vd ufioorrl-

pi{oupe drr 11 66voprl rrou qoref o poyvqrq<; ornv ropcpiroo eivorpeyol6reprl o116 rqv d7rl4.

Kor evc6 6trq ourd pd5 goivov, or loyrrd, q veur<ovrrtl 6uvoprr<r1unoorqpi(er drr or orrovrqoer5 prag 6ev eivar odpgcovss F€ rov ley6-pevo rpiro vdpo rq5 r<ivqoq5 o orroiog eprrepriler pro r6do qorvop€-vrrd nopd{evr1, ivc o116 ro <puorrrd>Tq5 iworo5 66vopq. O rpi-ro5 cur6g veurorvr169 v5;rog rqg rivqo45 pdg lier ouyrerprprdvo.

o) 6rr 11 6rlvopq rqv orroio ooref I poprd pnifuo oro ogorpi6ro d-

Xsr ro i6ro pirpo ye rq 66vopn rrou oorei ro ogorpi6ro orl prnifucxor 6rr errdg orr'our6

p) or 66o Euvd;rerg iXouv roreuO6voerg ov'riOereg.To i6ro orprpc6g roX6er Kqr orrlv nepirrrcoo4 rqg oMrllerri6poorlg

rou pcryvqrrl F€ rrlv rop<piroo otrld ror oe on'oro6qnore dllq oMrl-leni6poor;.Mnopo6ye vaypdgoultt

Fo, = -Fro

H ouoio dprorg r<or or trerrropdp€r€S rrou rpriper q yevrrrl aurrlI

e

H NEYTONIKH IYI\GEIH

Page 105: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Av rrirgoupe ro v{po nou rq ouvddet, ro 6(o poyovrirro rlvoti' TelvOAoyfa rcl rdvl5vror ro 6vo npoq ro 6Aho. Ilepryp6rpouge r4v utrtr4trenidpoorqou '-

poyvrir4 pe ro oi6epo. Adpe dTr o Uqyvlirqq oorei 60vopn F-ps Irqv rropor<drot e {orperrr<r1 lpovo(Poro-oro or6ep6vro ovrtxeigevo. Tn dfvouq our{ 14 o4pet6voupe gd- ypo<pio B}drror-rpe 6rr 11 pndtro rou rdvrgvo ov evdrorpep0orjle vo petreriooule Tnv xtvqrtryi.rordorootl -" . ' _ _^ -r...- -

'-

rou ofdepou. Tour6lpovo ro o(6epo ooxei drivoltq F su f o[ =' lrdnrloe rrcxvtrl oro 6(1ru rqg porfrog rot=)

-F Io, oTo [oyvtrn, Tnv ororo 6ev 0o o4pertirooupe nopri privo dltrs€t KoT€60uvo11' f1e prypdqouF€ Trlv

ov 0elriooulc vo gelerrioouge rqv xtv4rtrri rorforooq rou po- otrtrqlerrf6pCIoll rnS pndlog pe ro 6iXru'yvrirn. 0 Uoyvrirqq 00 onorotrei r0 otirpo nou goq evbtogdpet xot H pndtro so<e f 66vo! rl Fuo oro 6i1ru. Torooidepo0oovr i rer0r0uf leptp6tr Iov"Tou. . , ' 2c, - - - t '_ ' "_

. . ._r . i^ .

,6ote F,o : -F0,. o" r.nni,Xl: ;fft'l' ;:#H-# ffi;^'#;rrls KrvrlrrKqg r<ordoroorls rrls ;rrrdtro5, arrd rt5 6rjo 6uvdperg 0ooqpre lc6ooupe pd,vo e xe ivq fiou ooK€f ro tirlru orqv prrdtro.

l-lcporqp{oerq

A5 <p<lriooupre rcbpo, rcdrrog neploodrtpo, optopdveS ntreupd5 rourpirou vd,ptou rr15 rivr1oq5.

6ror6no:oq 6ev pnopotiv vo <povodv fiofrd pdvo pe rdrrolo ovrilu-

or1 rorco'rdo€ov fiou ouvovrdpe oro sf)Yoorrlpro rol orqv roOq-

peprvr l (o4.

Iro tpycor{plc,

Kcrocpe dyoups oro epyoorqpro. Ere f ppi-

oKoup€ 66o 6ra<poperrrd 6uvop6;rerpo, ro

A, r<or ro A2/ ouv6doupre ro dyrcrorpd roug

xor 6orepo ro rr tdvoupe o116 roug r<pG

KouS Kcxr rcr revrc6voupe. Atorrtottrlvoupe

drr ov Kor ro 6uvo;rdperpo eivqt 6rogope-

rrrd or ev6e({e r< rou5 e ivor i6reg. H brjvoprl

fiou ooK€i ro A1 oro A, epcpovf(erot vq i-

Xsl ro i6ro pdrpo ;re rr1 66voprl rrou oorei

ro A., oro A,.

1. Or 6uo Suvd;rerg fiou €Fgovi(ovror orrlv fi€prYpocpq prog

ollrllen i6pcoq g e {oor<o6vro t oc 6tio 6r cxcpoperr xd ocillto-

ro. Ecp6oov trorrr6v 6ev e{cxor<odvrot oro i6ro oripo, 6ev

npdrrer vc pcs 6q;rroupyq0ei q evr6ncooq drr np6xe trot

yr o 6uvdpre r S fi ou oltrr1troe{ou6t re po:vovrcrr.

2. O rpfrog v6pog ovogdperot oe rdnols r6r6rqro 6)\urv

rcov 6uvdpe<lv. loX6er e ire yttt 6uvd;rerg erroqqg (pndlo-

6iXru) eir-s yro 6uvd;rerg o116 orr6orooq (proyvqrqg-o(6e-

po). loXder ordpo, r t our6 \cx ro npoo6{oupt, Kqr or ls

I ] NEYTON KF] IYNOEIH

Page 106: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rr€prrrrc6osrs 6fiou ro o6poro rooppofiodv otrld ror oereiveg rrou €rnroxdvovrcrr.

3. Irq 6rordrrcooq nou rdver o Ne6rcov, orc Principia, 6ev rreprfle-ror o6re o dpog 66vapr1o6re rovdvog poOrlporr169 ouppofuop65.lro rrg 66o 6uvdpe rS Xprlorpolrore i rrg trd{er5 6pdor'1 rcr avrf6po-oq.Oo lpqorporrorqoou;re rqv opoloyfo our( yrd vo epprrlvetlooupe

rqv errivqorl ev65 6po;.rio. Kc0c6g errrvdoo,:ror, orrpr6Xv€r Fs ro1166ro rou rov porrlpo Trpos ro rrioo. To onp<i{rpro ouvo-6ederor orrd pro ovrfOerq 66vopr1, rrou oorei o porqpogoro 1166ro rou Kdr rov <Trerde r) fipo(, To Ffipos. Av r1 rrp<6-rq 66vopq 0e<opqOei oov 6pdoq q dl,\q 0ecopeirar ovri6po-o4 rns.4. H 6pdor1 6ev eivqr oirro rqg ovrf6pooqg 6rrorg 0o prno-

po6oe, iorog, vo vo;lioer r<cveig. Irqv nep(rrroorl/ yrq rro-pd6erypo, ev6g cv0prrrnou rrou po,li(er, ov ro i6orpog 6evooro6oe 6rivopq oro rrilpro rou, o6re rr ourd 0o ;rno-po6oe vo oorqoer 66vopq oro i6rrrpos Kor ro pd6ropo,0o rpov a66vqro.H 6pdoq xor 11 cxvrf6poon ouvund6rlouv. O rp(ro5 v6pro5rqg rivqoqg trdye'rcr rol v6poq,lpdctqq cvri6pao4s.

I

d

e

H NEYTONIKH IYNO

Page 107: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

' Or ve urcrlvrroi'vdpror rrlg rivqoqg e ivor ovrxyxoior yro rq peldrq rqqrivrlorlg oltrd 6ev enoprodv. Av Oiloupe ''rq dxoupe ivo otrorlqpco-pdvo o1i6ro yro rrl prelirq rrlg rcfvrloqg, 0o lperoorei vo otrovrrl-

, ooup€ Kor o€ dllou eiEouq eporrrlporo.

, I-16S soxotvrat ot \rugopi4,6ovdperc,,: A116 n tfaprdrat rl np4rouq,;

Nq cvo(qrrlooupre 611lo611, v6;roug 6uvdpecov. Tiroror vdpror, ei-vor yro nopd6erypa, or v6por rr.ov rprpdrv, o vdpog rrlg ncryxdopro5fl€rlS, o v6po5 Coulomb yrq ro qtrerrprrc<i cpoprfo. O vdpog Hooke

enioqg. Or vdpror rrlg xivqoqg po(f pe roug vdpous rtov6uvdpr e<ov orroretro6v ro rrr:p r e16pr €vo rqs err r orrl ;.r q grrlg Auvo;rrr<r15.

Eibope drr o ntrovrlrqg fq oorei 66vopr1 oe rdOe c-vrrrefpevo Xcr>pfs orropoi'rlro vo ro ayyi(er. H 6rjvo-pl P<ipoS eivcxr pic 66vcp11 rrou oorefror srr6 o'n6-or0orl.

Tr5 6uvdpe rg e ivor potrrx6 vo rts 8roxp(voupe oe6uvdperq enocpqg Kol o€ ,Suvdperg arr6 orrdorooq.Xoporrqprorrr<6 rropd6e r1'po 6rjvoprlg enogrlg eivorq 66vopq rrou oore i dvo revr<oprdvo vqpo oe fva oc6-po oro orroio dler rrpoo6:0e i. To vr1po, rrou prrope ivq efvor orrdyyog, xop66vr, oxorvi rtroorr1, loupf,xo0c6g revrc6veror, rrdvru <rpopder> oore i 6r1tro6r1,66vop11 ;re rcrreriOuvoq nf)os ro pipo5 rou.

To loupi oorei 66vop4 uro neprloipro rou oxfhouoto oqpeio nou elcr npoodeOei. To duivuopo nour4v noprodver dler xorcd0uvoq npog ro pdpog

rou loupro0. To i6n loupi ooxsi 6tiv0[n oro Xspr'rou ovOp6nou. Mnopelre vo rrq oledrooere;

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Auvdperg erragrlg eivor, errioqg, 11 66vopr1 rou etrorqpfou, q xd-Oerq 6rivoprl orqpr{qg, n rprp{, 11 pruirrl 6dvop4 rou ov0pc6nou, rldv<rror1 ror dtrtreg.

Auvdper5 o116 orrdorooq e ivor r; 66vrxpr1 ovdpreoo oe qlerrprxdgoprio, ovdpeoo oe payvrlres Kor q 66vorp11 PdpoS.

Or 6uvd;;erg €Trag4q eivor 6woreg fiou XpqotForroro6pe yrq vq sp-prqve 6oou;r€ Kot vo npopl i rgoupe gcrv,Spevo rou Morp6roopou.Arrd rr1 oxorrrd dp-S, rou Mrrpdr<oopoLr 6leg or 6uvdperg eivcr, oerelturqio ovdtruoq, 6uvdprerg orrd ondc'roor1. Iqpepo rrrore6oupe6rr ro 6rd<popcx oc6poro oro o6pnav atrlqtrerrr6pofv;rero{ri rous psreoodpov er6c6v rp6rroug. Mnopofpe

"'o 6rorpivoups rqv loxup4,

r4v qlerrpopayvqrrrq, rqv oo0evq Kor rrl Bopurrxq oMqlen6pooq.4r

e

Page 108: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Mio 6uvoprl nou orqpi(cirKd0eoor oro ypog€io oou. Ainlo eivqr ivq d6ero rror4pr vepo6.Avop<rrrrioor n 6uvdye6 oorodvror oro nor(pr.

Eivorlru<rror6 5n ytfu rouldXrorov 66vo;rq urdpler. To pdpo5, 4elrrrrq 611lo611 66vopr1 nou oore i q f4 oro rrrrrrlpr. H 6pdoq rrls, 6-

1.rcog, 6ev e16rllc6veror. To norqpr prfver oKrvrlro. H rrr<io11 rou t-pno6i(eror cxn6 rqv enrcpdverc rou rpqfis(ro6. 16prpcovq trorrr6vKor flr rov rrprirro vd;ro rqg rivqoqg rrpiner lo 6eXro6pre drr, e1169qrr6 ro pdpoS, urrdpler pio or6po 66voprq, pe uvriOerq xo're60uv-oq, q orrofo ooreiror oro rrorrlpr orrd rq oreped errt<pdvero rourpone(rod rar o p6lo5 rqg 6ev eivor vq npor,:lei rdrroro enrrdXuv-oq, otrld vo e{ou6erepc6ver rqv errrdXuvorl rrou 0o ex6r1tr<ov6rovov 6ev unrlple ourrl.

Mnopori;re vo rr1 lipe 66vapr1 or1p{r1q,. Eivar pio 66vatrrr1 eno-rprlg rrou ouvrl0i(eror vo ovccpdp€ror Kor oav xd9err1 avri\paory t-ne 16( onorelei ivq ei6og ondvrrlorls rrlg orepedg enrcpdverog ororrorrlpr on6 ro orroio r't',(eran.l-loprordverrxr pe ivo 6rdvuopra xd-Oero orrlv rorvq errrrpdv€ro p€ rore60uvoq npos ro FdpoS rou oc6-pdros/ oro orroio oore(ror.

'E1er oXdorl pe rr5 etrcorrrig nopoproprpc6oerg rrou eprpovi(ouv rooc6poro, 6rw Bp(orovror o€ enog( ror ollrlloou;rnrd(ovror, 6e6o;ri-vou 6rr rcxvivo ocilpo 6ev eivor orrdluro ooupn(eoro. Irrlv rrepirrr<o-oq opr(6vrrog oreped5 errrgdvercx5 rl nF4 rr1,; eivor (oq pe ro pdpo5rou ociporog. Av orq Odoq rou norqpro6 unrlpXe ivo popd or6epivrorouri q 66vcxpri orrlpr{q5 0o qrw peyol6reprl rar ordpo nro peydtrrl0o rlrw ov aviporve rrdvro dvo5 dv0pconog. K,i0e gopd, 6r1tro6q, q rr-p4 rnS 66vopq5 orqpr{q5 iler pirpo <ioo ro FdpoS rou oriparos Kr qu-

16 0o rciXder pilpr vo orrdoer ro {6lo rou rporre(ro6.

Av q enrgdverc 6ev eivor opr(d,vrro 11 6rjvup4 orrlpr{r1g 0o e€ou-6erepc6ver rq pio ouvrorriroq rou Bdpoug eg6-oov, twotiror, 6ev undpXouv dlle5 6uvdprerg.

TTT',

l-l rPtorlIrrlv rc0q;reprv{ pcg (ar4 n \(.$1rppq rdver ou-

Xvd rrlv epgdvro( rqg dXovrcxg rrdvrq ivo ouyre-rprprivo v6r1po. Ko0rilg rpipoupre ra Xipro yro vo(eoroOodpr otrld xor rco0c6g o o6qy6g rppevdper

I

4

e

H NEYTONIKH:YNOETH

Page 109: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

yrq vo oropqr4osr ro ouroKivrlro, lipe drr undpler rprpq. I' currlv

lpec6voupe Kot rS rpOopdg rrou rrqpouord(ouv ro xlvrlrd r;.r(proro r<ovpqlwc6v yr' our6 ror npfrrer vo o}ld(oupe rdOe 16oo ro ld6ro rqg po-roorrldrog FroS. H epnerpio pdg 6r6dor<er 6rt ro trd6ro goiverqr vo rrlvneprop(ouv. Mdlpr Kfl rrlv rtrer8oprd rqq n6prog pog 0o peromei rd-rror€ vo rq lo6rilooups yro vo pnopeivo yup(€r ro r<ler6i.Irq ytrr6ooo rq5 guorr{g ro npdyporo e ivqr trryo 6rorpoperrrd. O6pogrp1Br1 ovorpdperor oe 66o 6uvd;rer5. ll p(o on6 ourig trdyerorrpprl oAio1rlorlq Ku e prcpovf(eror 6rov ro rrvrtre ipevcx rpfpowor pre -ra{6 roug. 'Olo ra noporrdvro <porvdpevrx olerf(ovrcr Fe rrlv rpr-p4 olioerlorlg. H dllrl lfyeror oranrcq rpprl xat 6ev tXer oXf.ory peotbl-tcra nou rpipovror. Eivor prdtrroro 6rjvopq rrou 6ev errrrpfrreroro ovrrreiprvq vG ytrrorpo6v Kor vo rpipovror. Xdprl o' ourrlv pno-po6pe vo rpordps dvo prrrourdtrr larpig vo ytrrorpd orrd ro ldpr pogKqr vq ouyrpororipe rq pndlo rou prdcrrer rrrdvovrog rrlv oudrqv rrdvco pleprd. H rropouoio'rqg orrorelei erriorlg, poorrq npo0-rr60eor1 cSore 4 o6trcx rou rrorrourorori prc,; vo <yor(<ilveror) oro o-6dorpcopo yrq vq ;rqv ytrrorpdFs Kcr vo poiSf(oupe .

Tdoo q rprpq olioerlorlg 6oo Kqr rl ororKi tp'Pn undpXouv ydvo e-rpdoov urrdpXer rdOerrl 66vopr1 orrlpr{qg. eo petrerrloou;re npc6ro rqororrrrlrgp{.

H orcrrr{ rppri eprpcvi(eror o'rrg errrgdvereg 6rio cvrrr€rpdvolv, rcorroio ollrlloouprnrd(ovror evc6 pp(orovron ot oXerrrq roopponio.

I' dvs xordorqpra nou noutrder pouorrd 6pyovc urrdpXer dvopopd yeppovrrd rndvo. Or 6uvdperg rrou qoxofvror rrdvol rou eivorro pdpog Kqr rl KoroK6puqn 6rlvopq orqllr{r19. O roroorrlpordp-

X4g (qrder qn6 rov undltrrllo vq ro perorrv{oer liyo rrro ripo. Oundtrtrqlo5 nrlyoive r 6irrtra oro rrrdvo, ro onpc6lver, otrld 6ev rqroro<pdpver.

Irrg 8uvdprers fiou oorodvror oro rrrdvo rrpirrer rcOpa vo fipo-oreOef rcr 11 opr(dvrra 6rivcprrl pirpou F,, pe rqv orro(o ro onpc6Xvero urrdllqlog. EgSoov <ip<ug ro trrdvo priver or<ivqro, lperd(eror voOecopqooupr Kor Fto 66vopq ;.re avriOerrl rore60uvorl/ yrs vo Frro-pdooupre vo 6rrorotroyqooupe rqv rooppofiic. H 66vcrpq ourrl eivar q

H NEYTON KI IYNOE:H

=

e

Page 110: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

orcrrKi rprp4.Aoreiror an6 ro i6orpog, oro oripo, drrtlg rar q rd-0err1 66vop11 orqpr{qg. Errppd(er ro yeyovd,5 6rr ro 61 leio d6orpo5nope ;.rno6i(e r ro oc6po vo psroKrvrl0e f oe cDliorl p' our<i. Evvoe irot6n ro prfrpo rqg ororrrqs rprp{S e ivot ioo pt ro prirpo rlS F,.

Tr6po o undtrIrllo5 orqp((eror rol6repo oro d6ogog Kor €rrrx€r-pef {ovd pe preyohlreprl 66vopq prirpou Fr, o,\ld ro ntdvo 6e trie r vorrv4Oe i. H oro'nrq rprprl eivor r<ipo preyolfr'epq on6 rrptv, dler 64-Io611 pdrpo ioo pe Fr. O undtrtrqho5 ou{dver rr1 6rivoprl oloivo rre-proo6re po F3, F4, Fs. 'Ooo ro rrrdvo e lorolouOei vo nopoprdve r oxi-vrlro, n ororrrq rprp4, roOe gopd, d1e r pirp,r 6oo rot 11 ovriOerrl o-pr(dvrro 66vopr1. Ie xdrroro orryprl rrou rC, pirpo trlg opl(6vrro56tivoprlg yiverot F, ro papd ntdvo enrrdlou5 perortveiror. Aurd yropog oqproive r 6rr ro d6ogog 6ev ilsr noporripo nepr0c6pro vo ou-yxporrloer ro oc6po, ro orroio op1((er vo otrroOoiver. YndpXer 6r1tro-

6rj r<dnoro <;riyroro> orrlv rr;rq rr15 ororrxrls rplprls fiou o-orei pro errrgdvero oe prro dtrlq.

Mra rrpooe rrrrrl rre rpoporrrrl 6rcr6rrqoiq prnope f vo 6e f-

{,e r 6rr ro priyroro rr15 ororrrrlg rpr[]r1g 6ev e{oprdrot ond'ro eppo6dv rrlg rorvrlg errrcpdvero5 r,rrorpqg. E{,oprdror ;16-vo o116 rq <p6o4 r<rrv 6uo €fir(povtrriv rot e fvor ovdtroyorrpos ro pfrpo rr lq rdOerr lq 66vopr1g orqpt{q5. Aur6 e r<-<ppd(eror pe rr1 oXdorl

nopotro nou pnopei vo pqv civor T - r r t:ovrrtrqmdg ge yupvri pdrt, ot ovtolotrieq t o, mu - Jr or x

"Ltll,il-J#1" -:'lJ:#,::ilil cinou T. .* q piyrorn rprl rqs ororrrrls rprp(s, F* ro perporotourdoxptptitgrov6w(to1o rqg rdOerrlg 6rivoprlg orqpr{r1g Kor l"ro eivor dvo5 roOoptig o-onodiderot pe rqo'ortx{rptp{'

prbpr<ig, o ouvretreorq5 oiorrrcqs rp prls, nou errppd(er rqverrf6poorl rrlg 96o115 r<ov 6uo errr<pove rc6v 'rro vo Eropopgar0ef ropdrpo rqg piyrorqg ororrxqg rptF4S.

. E<pdoov urrdpler oXerrrq roopporrfo, n r lHn T" rns ororrrr lgrprF4S prrropeivo e ivor orroro6rlnore pdoo orqv neproXrl 0< Tu< poFn

o Tq orryp4 rrou errfrerror olioOrloq q ororrrcrl tprprl dler rrdperr11 peyoldrepq rrpq rrls, fiou eivar iorl pe ro yrv6pevo p,, Fu.

Av Oetrr1oou;re vo 6o6pe ro (qrqpo yevrr<d'repc 0o Xperoorti vorroripre 6rr q orcrrrrl rprprl iXer rdroro rr;.rq ror rirorcr rored0uvoq<bote, oe rd0e rrepirrrcoorl, vo roXtiouv ot rpuotrof vdpot.

H rprpri otrio0qoqg epgcvf(eror rord rqv errrgrl66o ovrtretpivc,rv roonoio otrtrqtrooupnrd(ovror evri ro dvq ofuoO(ri'vsr tlls fipos ro ollo.

H rprprl otrioOr1oq5 rrou ooreiror oe dva ori,po I, oil6 ivq d)fio !, d-

H NiYTQNIKFi :YI ' ]OE:H

-e

Page 111: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

X€r gopd cwiOer4 rrpos rrl oXerrrq rcrXrlr4rd rou I, tos rrpos ro Ir. Topirpo q5 prnopef vo rcOoprmef rr€tpopqlK(i an<i ro prirpo rrlg qvri0e-rns (rrpos ourrlv) 66vopq5 (F) nou 0a npiner vo ooreirq| yrq vo ofuooo(-ver ro oc6po opr(6wro pe moOeprl rorXdrrlro. Iro npoqyodpevo rreipopope ro rpfur(dvr pnopodye vo <6ropd(oupo rrdvco mo 6uvopdy€rpo rrlvrrpq rqg (F), on6re 0o {ipou;re ror to pirpo rqq rprprg5 ol(o€qoqg, oprcefvo efpoore pfparor 6rr ro gtrrr(dvr rcveiror pe orcOeprl roXdrqro. Av6outrir.1,roupe ndvco o'ourd ro (4rqFo 0o prn<lpriooupe vq avorotrfrpoupeprdvor pog rouq vdpoug rq5 rprpqg olioOrloq<;. Or v6por ouroi eivor opre-rd npooeyy on roi mr g npoptrdge r g rou g. f1 p roro6rorunc60 r1 rcrr crn6 rovLeonardo da Vinci 66o nepirrou orc6ve5 rrporo6 q dworo rqg 66vopqg o-rroooqnvroreiand rov Ne6r<rtvo. To 1Bo olcivo o Charles Coulomb eno-trq0euoe rou5 i6roug vdpoug pe orcprpimepo nerpdprord Kot frave oorpqrq 6rdr<pror1 wdpreoo mr1 morrxrl rprprl ror rqv rprprl olioOqoqg.

Or eprre rprrof v<ipror rrlg rprpq5 oliot)r1or15 6rarurrc6vovrot p€

rfooeprg npordoer5. Or 66o orrd curd5 .rd5live an6 n e{aprdratrcr or dtrleg 66o qrd n 6u e{aprdrst ro prirpo rq5.

H rp$fi oAiooqoqq,Eivar ave{dprnrn rou eppa6o6 ouver<xEr7;.Eivat avtfdprnrq rqq, oyenrc4c raXirr1raq, ruv outpd,rtnv.E{aprdrat ard rq g6orl nnv emcpavet<ov enagrlq.Eivat avdAoyq rq; xd9err1g avri6paoq,;.'Olo ourd, prnoporiv vo €Kgpsorofv t;e rq o1ior1

T = JrFr

6nou ;r o leydpevog ouvretreorrpg rprp{_<;ol(oOr1oqg o onoiog e{op-

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

I

e

Page 112: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rdror qrr6 rr1 g6oq rcov 66o enrgaverc6v enc<pr|5. lrq rdoe 6ud6o e-

nrcpoverc6v ro nerpdporo 6eiXvouv 6rt o ouvrt;treor(5 rpr9(S ol(o0q-

or1g p eivor hyo prrp6repoS orrd rov ouvreAeorrl otorrrcrls rPrpns F''

A5 6ofpe rr<oq rtvodvrol Kot firos oroporofv ro ourorivqro o-

rlporo.H rivqoq o116 rrg Fnxqv4 pero6i6eror ol'ous rrvrlrrlproug rpo-

Xorig, or onofor frot neptorpigovror. Tqv rrr:prorpoqrl ourrl reivet

vo e;rno6iosr rl ororlK4 tp'F4, rrou coreirot o116 ro d6c9og orov

rpoX6 orrlv fisproxq errc<pq5. H 66vopr1 To ettrcXdverro dp1pc.

Iro oT o;ldrrlpq or oroydveS r<ov rppiv<rrv e;rno6f(ouv rrlv fi€pl-

orpog4 rou rpoXo6 ydpo o116 rov d€ovd rou Kor o rpo165 reivet

vo ytrrorpqoet rord rq cpopd rr15 riv4or15. Tqv otrfo0qoq currl €Frro-

6i(er 11 rprprl orrd ro d6crgo5.

Iuvretreordg orcrrrrl5 rprp4S (;r") ror rPrFnS otrioOqor15 (p)

Errrrpdvete5

Elqorr16 oe pner6vArodtrr oe qrodtrt

Aloupivro oe qrodh

I-ualf oe yuotri=rjtro oe €6trol-li6rAo oKr ot {ep616vtTegl6v oe regldvFpooopropivo prirolo

F"

0,6-1 ,00,740,610,940,24-O,5

O,O4o,1

tr

0,8o,570,47o,4

0,1O,O40,06

H NEYTONIKH:YNOEIH

I

e

Page 113: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I H Ortop4rrr{ ordr;rr1

I flprv npol<rrp(ooup€ orq petrirq ev6g or,5;ro on6 roug vdproug rovI 6uvdpeov -rou vdprou rqg mcyrdopro5 dl{q5- eivat ovcryxafo vo

, oro0o6pe Kor vo ooXolqOofp€ ps rrlv eqroppoyrl rou 6e6repou v6-i pou rrls xivrloqg oro gorv6pr *o opaAq xuxhrcrl rcivr1or1.

Oq Xpe roorei vo Ou;riooupre 5rr 11 o;rofu1 rurfurrl eivot pro rivqoq peenrr-6Xuvor1. To pirpo rq5 raX6rrlro5 6rorqpeiror piporo cxvoltroi<rlroolrld 4 r<ore60uvoq rq5 o6rdrorro peropdlleror. ErrtrdXuvoq r15 rivrl-or15 e ivor 11 revrpopdtro5 enrrdXuvon fiou'nopopivel ouveXcit5 rd0er1orr1v raX6rrlro pe rore60uvorl fipos ro rivrpo rrlg rurtrrrr15 rpoXrdS.

, :rip<provo trotndv pe ro 6edrepo v6pro rq5 r<ivqoq5 q ouworaytvrl6A<ov ruv \uvdltt<nv nou ctoxodvrdt oro xtvodyevo avnxeiye-

4vo Oa f,Xa ndvrs rcare6)ovoq npoq ro rc€vrpo rr1qrpoytdg xatro pi,rpo rr1s 0a eivst ioo pe ro ytv61t€vo rrlq ydCac rou eni

-5 - &#g: , ' rrlv KEvrPopSAo entrdyuvorl rou'

..rffildf'"',b?Y, Eivor yvrrror6 6rr yro,rqv rewPoF6lo_.tt't"Xrl"1 1ry.1- ,, ', o: u'/R, drrou u q rcrXrir4rorou (rvrtKttpivou rot R11 oxrivo

,' rq5 rurfur<r|g rpoxd5. Kotd rqv opctr( runfurrl xivqo4 q Oepe-h 56qg elioaroq F : mo rrofpvet, ouverrcirg, rn popqn

r - mq'' - R

To oriprpotro F 0c rroprotdve r rr1 ouvtoropivrl rcov ootcouptdvovEuvdpeorv yro rrlv orro(o Xpqorporroreitqt o 6pog xewpoprilog 6rivo-

Fn Xopts our6 vo eivot onopoirrlro. Av 0etrqooup€ vo Xprlotponorq-ooups our<iv rov 6po 0o rrpdrrer vc rpo,JiEoupre 6rr q rcevrpop6Aog66va1tr7 6ev eivqt dllrlon6 rrlouvroropdvq 6tr<ov rorv 6uvdpreov.

'Orsv ivo ovrrreipevo errelei opotrrl ruxfurq riv4or; 11 ouvrmoprivl 6-lolv r<rlv 6uvtipeorv rrou oot<otivrot o' quti iXe r ndvrore roreri0uvoqnpos ro r<ivrpo rrlg rpo1d5, pdrpo ioo pt ro yrvdpevo rrls pd(o5 enirqv r<ewpo;.rdlo enrrdXuvon Kor XopqKrrlpi(eror rewpop6log 66vopq.

H NEYTONIKH >YNOE:H

I

h

e

Page 114: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Avrrorpdcpovros ro np6ptrqpo, pnopo6pe vo rro6pe 6nynvc, e-xrtAi.ou ivo oc6po opolq r<ur<Arrrl xivrloq, 0o 'rpdrre r vo e pcpovrore ioe dvo rreprpdtrtrov ro orro(o 0o dXer rr1 6uvordrrlro vo rou ooreiouveXc6g ouvroropdvq 6rivopq oro0epof prirpou, 11 orro(o orq 6rdvu-

opo 0o ppioreror oro i6ro rrdvrcr errirre6o, pe rore60uvorl ou-ve1c6g rdOerq orqv erdorore rcrX6rqro. (Duotxd ro perpo rrlg0a ouvSderor ps ro dtrla ;reydOn p€ rrlv rrapondv<rr e{iocooq.

Irqv xoOq;reprv{ (ol{

Kord rr1 orporprl oro opr(dvrro o66orpopo, or orortxd5 rpt-

Bdg, nou qoro6vror o116 rqv docpolro cno ldortXo, 6rlproup-yorjv'rqv ovoyraio ouvroropdvq 66vopq yro vo ;rrropdoer vorrpcryporofi or qOef q orporprl.

Ko0<irg ro ourorcivqro rroipvrr rq orpo<pq os ufi€puq;cDpdvo o-66orpopro, I ovcryxoio rcevrpop6Aoq 66voFq pnope f vo 6rlproup-yqOe f orrd 11 o6v0eoq rou pdpoug Kor rrls rdOerqg ovri6poorlg.

Kor ener6rl orrl (o:r1 6ev undpXouv pivo outorivrlro, rdOeyldpog, rrou (uyrd(rror Kr erorprd(eror vo rrdper orporprl, i1e rprcx rdroro otrIqtreni6poorl, Hs ro rreprpdllov rou, 11 onoitrrou e[,cogolf(er rqv ovayroio xevrpopoAo 6rjvopq.

Ero epycor{pro

Ta ou;rrrepdo;.rorc oro orroio r<orolrlyer 11 Oeorpfo (ecpoppoyrl rou0eprefuc66ou5 v6;rou rrlg 6uvoprxqg oro <porvcilrevo opatrq r<ur<trrr<q r<i-vqo4) evop;rovi(ovror ;re outrrrrepdoporo rrls 1r€rpcporr rrlg dpeuvo5.

H pnitrro 0o erretrei ogotrri xuxtrrxri xiv4orleedoov 0o undplouv or ovoyrofeq

npoiino0doerq. 0rov ourdg ndgouv vouq(orovrot, I pnilto 0o "0pv[oei,' vo

ouveyioer our{ rqv xiv4oq.

Ko0drqrreproTpeQeror rl6rfro{4 ro vflpo

revr6veror. H6rivop4, nou ooxciro revropdvo vdpoor4 ogoipo, noi(er

ro pdloxevrpoptilou

dIvouqq.

I'ouri Tn drtiro{n nxevrpopritrogdrivopq pnopei voperp40ei on'euOeiog pe ro6uvoptiperpo.

I NEYTON]KI- ] :YNT:EII ]

Page 115: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Alyepprxdg e$o<6oerg

H 0epehc66r15 e{ioooq rq5 6uvo;.rrxrls eiv,rr I F : md. Av q rfvrlonrrlv orroio Odloupe vo petrerqooupe e ivcrr opotrrl rurfux(, o116 rrl6tovuoporrrrl ourrl e(io<ooq pnopodpe v<r ndpoupe rrg olyepprrige {ror6oe r5 EF* : md* IF, : 0, opref o d{rtvo5 R va iXe I rqv rore6-0uvo4 rrlg orrivog Kor o y vo e ivar rd0erog orov rrporlyodpevo rolvo ppioreror oro errirre6o r<rrv ooroupdvcrrv 6uvdpecov. To IF*rrcpr-ordvet ro dOporopo rolv olye pprrcriv rrpoiv rcDV ouvror<oo<6v dtrcrrvrcov 6uvdprecov rqrd rov d{ovo R, evrir ro IF, ro qvriororlo dOpor-opo rord rov d{ovc y.

r

t{

e

H NEYIONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 116: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

i Kor opcos rcrveirolH peoor<ovtrrl oriqr4 poor(6rov oe ivq mfpeo d6ocpoS ond pepard-

rrlrss. frcx rdOe rrp6plqpo unqple pfo ror por,o6rrrlandvrrlorl. Mio

6ororrl otrr10ero roOoproprivrl Kot opsrorivqrq. Tqv ol40ero Yro rq

Opqoreio rqv trepreilcxv or fpogis, rllv otrrlOero Yro rrl fecoperpio o

Eurtre i6r1g, evc6 ro dpyo rou Aprororftrrl nepre rye tqv otrqOe ro Ylo rtl

Ouorrrl. Mio qrr6 rrg ovovrippnrss otrr1Oereq'rq5 enolqg qrov rot q

r6do 6rr 11 l-q eivor ro orivrpo rdvrpo ev65 o6;lnovros, rlou eiXe 6q-

;rroupyrl0e( yt' out(v.O Nicolas Copernicus (KonipvrroS) rlrov dvog flolcovdg rlqprrdg

yewqprivog ro iro5 1473.2e 6Iq rou rq (<o4 iyporpe ivo pdvo errr-orqprovrr<d ipyo ro orroio 64poore6rr1re triyo rrprv neOdvet, to iro5,6qtro64, 1543.2ro 6pyo rou our6 roXupr(6rov drr q fr1 6ev eivot rorivrpo rou o6prrovro5, otrld fvo5 nlovrlrrl5 fiou rtveirql yfprrl c-116 rov'Htrro, ev6 rour6Xpovo orpirperor pcr(i pe ro vepd Kql rrlvorpdocporpo yripcrt arr6 ivov d{ovo pe gopd txnd rq A6oq rrpog rqvAvorotrr1. Aur6 rrou vopi(oupe yra qpeprlorq'nsprqopd rou oupdvl-ou orepec6;rarog 6ev rrpoiplerot o116 tqv ri'rqor1 rou oupovo6 otr-trd ond rrlv riv4oq rns fns.

"0 06voroqrou KondPutxouo

Iivoxoq rou N. Lessel.T

h

e

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 117: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Mro oprrxrl drror.,!-rq eiXe l,noorqprlref orrd dvo pe-ydlo oorpovd;.ro rrlq opXord,r'qros/ rov ApioropXo rovIdprro, al ld e i1e ouoroorrK(i oyvoqOe i. A6o Xrlrd6eg1p6vra opydrepo, orov orc6v,:r rou Korrdpvtrou, q r6doe(orotrouOodoe vo 6e ilve r irlr ;rdvo nopdloyq otrtrdror evoXtrrlrrr<q.

Or dvOpornor rou otr6vo or6rogdpqoov. H Ko0ohrqEr<rlqoio 6ev Oitrqoe opdoorg vo prelerrloe r oe pdOogrrg ouvdne r€S rr ls 0eolpiog ourqg. Atr t rd oro 1616,ro}trd 1p6vro prerd ro Odvoro rou Kon6pvtrou, pe pfo

{ocpvrrrl proodvrl rreprd}ope ro prp}io orov rcord}oyo

Xtrp1ypago rou Konipvrxou an6 ropova\rxo ptpAio rou <ha ne,n t. pror pogt c r<uv oupav iuv oEat pt ttv t

N NEYTON KH IYNOEIF' I

'1\II

*-r&

(lndex) rcov prplicov rrou onoyope udrov vo 6ropd(ouv or dvOpto-nor yrc'ri dpXovrov ot ovrfOeor; p€ rrS l-prrgdg. Irq Biplo o lrloo6grou Nourl 6ev oropdrrlo€ rrl fq olld rov'Hlto ror q Bfptrog 6tv e Ivar 6uvqrdv vo dXe r d6rro. Or Aropoptupdprevor urrqp{ov ax6porrro ono(poororrrcoi. O Ao60qpog pe cptroy:podg tr6youg rcqro6iKooerov flolcov6 rrou r1Oele vo ovorpfq;er o.\drtrqpo ro oorpovoptxdo6or4po.

'Yorepo 6ptr;5 ond, peprrdg 6er<oerfe5 or ufioornprrrdg rqg Ko-rre pvirerog 0e copfag dplroov vo rr lqOoivouv. O T(opvrdvoMrrpo6vo, o frdlov Kdnlep r<or o fotrrloibg unqp{ov ot fito HCIXn-rrr<oi. Me dvcr prptrfo rou fiou 6rlpoorerjrqK€ oro 1632 o lolrtrofog,po0rd 6rorrorropivog o116 rr1 0ecopfo rou KorripvtKou, r<otdcpepevo yetrororrorqoer ro rrotrr6 y€oKsvrprKd provrflo Kor vo rrporcotrd-or Kor' euOeicrv ro rdpog rou ro0otrrrtopoti. H npd,rdrloq our( u-nrlp€e I crrio rrls roroprKq5 6ir<qg rou. )lrqv enolq pog eivor 66-or<olo vo e{r1yrloer rave ig nc6g pro oro6rlpolxori loporrqpa drro-

Vq yro rrlv r<ivqoq rns l-rls 0o prropo6or vG 6rlproupyqoa prro rd-rors rordorooq.

Edv 6p<og ipeve Xolpig ondvrqoq pro onoto6rlrrote errf0eoq e-vdvrrq orrg pe pordrrlr€S ereiveg rrou o'rror€lo6oqv OepdAro evdgotr6rclqpou orro6oprqporos, rr 0o pnopc60€ vq ouppei or4 ouvi-

Xero; H 6ircr1 dyrve ;rioo oe r<lipa unoorrlpr{qg rou roOotrrrcropo6.O l-afulofo5 r<oro6rrdorrlK€ r<or cvoyrdornKs vq Kdve r rqv rrepi-qnpq orroK4pr€n drr q l-q 6ev rtvefi-or.

Tproq p rou orc6ve5 opy6repo.Irq Ndo Ydpxq, oro rrfpto 6nou e6perje r o Opycvrop6g Hvcopi-

vcrrv E0vc6v, urrdpler pro €firxpuo<opivrl crrpoipo, rpepoopivq pe o-vo{e i6oro Xotr6p6rvo o6p;ro o116 r4v olro<p{, oe rp6rro c6ore vqrrlg errrrpirr€ror vo orrope iror etre60epo rrdvco os ofioro64rrort Ko-

Page 118: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

0 feppovrig Johann Kepleryew{O4re flo 1571 xot e(qoe

peypr ro 1630. 'Evoq oqpovrrrdqFroyp60oq Tou ovoesp€r dTl

udrov 6vo ;ruotrd nou epproxernv ouoio rqq opn0Keios, I0q

oltiOeroq t<or rnq opopgriq filyltiooo rov opt0Utitv,.

ToK6pugo err(rre6o. H ocpcfpo orcopsiTor oLrveX(6S, oqv €KKp€FiS.To evrurrcooroK6 €fvqr 6rr ro xoror<6pucpo errirre6o CIrtrrp{o€d)S rrlsorpdq€ror opyd Kord rn qopd rov 6e rr<r<6v rou poloyrod, 6rcrypd-qovros fvov nAqpq r6rdo prioo oe 36 <ipeg tcot 45 }enrd. H 6rdro-

{q ourrl oXeri(eror ps rrlv euguiororrl fi€rFroptorrrrl on66e r{r1 yrorrlv nsprorpogn rnS l-qg, rqv orroio ernvdqoc o Leon Foucault (Ae6vOour<6) ro 1851. To o6orqpo €yKoroorqpivo orqv i6po rou OHEOupi(er orous av0p6rroug 6rr (ouv o' ivov nlovqrq rrou fi€prorpi-

esror o6rdrorro.Ir4 ytrc6ooo rq5 rpuorxqs o KordpvrKos FoS d6oot dva rorvo6-

pro oriorrlpa cvogopris -rov'Htrro- 6rocpcperrx6 sn6 our6 rrou

xprlorporroro6oopr nporlyou;.rdvos -rn fr1-. Evvoeiror 6rr pnopo6-pe, drrore Odtroupe, vo 0eopoti;re rov rrlovql'n pos oov odorqpro o-vo<popdg, vo petrerdpe orroro6rlnore rivqoq oe oXiorl pe our6v rotpiporo vo e{orotrouOoripre vo tripre 6rr o rltrrog ovordtrlet, ovepcive t,peooupovef Kol ro 6e rtrrv6 yipve r rccrr poorlerii:r orov opf(ovro. Av 6-pcug Odlou;re vo petrerrlooups rtg rcvr1oe rg rr,,rv rrlovqrrilv, dva o6-orrlpCI ovocpopdg rrou 0o Oeolpei rov 'Htrto urivrlro, clrr<oo6qrorenpoogsperor rreproodre po.

H repq rur,\rrcr1 rcivrloq6ev eivor KUrctrrrcq

Irov 6pdpo rrou eiXe ovorXrei ror o6qyorir)€ orrlv rcotvoripro Neu-rovrx4 o6v0eor1, ofio(poororrr6q qrov r:or o p6tro5 rou fr6XovKfrrle p. Or v6por rou yro rr5 rrvrloe rg rcrrv rrlovqrc6v rlrav otrrpc6ror <puorr<oi vd;ror pre rr1 oriyXpovq d'vvoro. Arprpsig enolrl-0eriorpeg rrpordoe r5 e rgpooprdveg oe ylciiooo po0rlprortrrl orro-retrodoov rqv npc6rq rrpoondOero orjvOecrrlq rns oorpovopicxq perr1 guorrr l , nou oro npoqyodpevq 66o pfud6eq 1p6vra eiXcvrrpolopqoer oe 6p6poug 6rorpoperrro6,; . O Kdntrep urrqp{e orrpc6ro5 oorpov6pros rrou oorrdorrlre rrlv 4fuorevrprrq Oacrpiorou Korrdpvrr<ou. Iro rrtraioro rqg qtrror<e vrprr4g curq5 Oe<opiogrorv rdler<rlv rpoXr<irv e pydorrlre ortrrlpl ndvco oe q6r1 ouyKs-vrpcopr dvo drpOovo utrr 16 oorpovop r rriv fi ,f, pcrrl p (o€ov.

'Yorepo orrd d{r 1p6vro ene{epycxofo5 ouro6 rou utrrrotj o K6-rrlep rordtrope 6rr oopcxpd tporrlFcrrKci Ocx 6pevcxv cxvarrdvrrl-ro, e<pdoov 0o 6e16rov vo rrapopdver e'yrtroproprivog pdoo oro

F'] NEYTON]KH IYNOEIH

e

Page 119: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

66ypo rrlg rdlero5 rurtrrx(g rivrloqg rorv oupdvrcov ocopdrorv. 'Hrav

o nprirroq epeuvrlrrlg rrou <rordlcpe> d,rr I r€pr1 rurhrcr; rivqoq 6evqrav rurdrrq xor erorlycrye rqv r6irr 6rr eiXe oX4po dllerrgr;5.

Iro olripo rpofveror ro0opd pe nororpdno pnoporlpe vo o;ledr6ooupe prodtrtrer{,[. To o4peio dnou ppioxovror

ro dfo ropgrd onorelodv rrq 6Uoearieg r4g.

Ynoor(pr{e drr dlor or rrtrovrl:-e5 rreprgdpovror y6pcrr o-n6 rov qho oe enine6eg rpoXrfg. Kd0e rpold iler ro o1r1-

Fo pros dtrIe rrqrlg orq pio eorio rq5 onoio5 ppiorceror o'Htrrog.

H orlpooio rou dpyou rou Kintrep 6ev pp(oretqt rdooorq ouppotrrl rou orqv npdo6o lrlg Aorpovoprio5, 6oo orrlpi0o6o rrou Xprlorporrofqoe, odpqarvo ps rrlv onoio ene -{epydor4xe 1trrd6eq 6e6opdvo yrc{ vo rcrrolq€er oe po0qpo-rrxi5 olioers yrCI rrlv r(vqoq rcrrv rrlovrlrcbv. Mrropodpe vorro6pe 6rt pa(( Hs rov fqhlcio otrvipotre oro vo 6ropopcprrr-0e f 11 rorvoripro avrrnqq.rq drr 11 <Drioq 0o pnopoUoe vo rr€pr-ypoge f pe rq ytrc6ooo rcrlv Mc0qprorrrdrv.

r H nopepBoorl rou NerirovoO Ne6rcov eneviprl orov €rnor4provrr<6 6rdloyo 6rov ro rrp&yporoeilov 11611 npoXcop(oer. H dnorqq 6prtoq nou e(orolou0o6oe vo e-rrrrpore i qrcv 6rr <or oupdvreg rrvrloe r5 fiev ixouv ovdyrrl on<i e {q-

Ynon)).O fatrrtrciog, yror.rropd6srypo/ rropdtro rrou eiXe cxvrrrroporeOef

oe r6oa 66yproro rqr ev(6 urroorqpr(e 6r'r yro ro errrye ro ovrrrefpe-vo o6poverorrl (lcopig 6uvdperg) xivrlorl r,ivor q eu06ypoppq o;.rolr1,erripeve oro 6rr yro ro oupdvro or6prcro q cx6poverarrl rivqoq eivcrrq oprotrq rurtrrr<r1. Kord rrlv rreprgopd, otrvenc6g, rqg letrqvq5 y6pcoarrd rq fr'1 6ev lpero(drov, odpgcovo 1.rr, our6v, vo qoro6vror 6u-vdpe rg.

O Nedr<ov urroorqpr{e rqv r6io 6rr yrrr 6lo ro oriprnov q p6vq o-6poverarrl r<ivrloq (nou 6ev fler ovdyrq crnd 6uvdprerg) eivar q eu06-ypdFpn opotrr1. Aur6 erXe oov ouvdnero vo 6rocpcrrvrloer pe rqv drro-qrrl rou fotrrlaiou Kor vo Oe<opqoer rrg ortpdvreg rrvqoerg ocxv o6rd-Korr€S noperrlioe 15 o116 rqv a6povercr j r<ivr1or1, noperrtr(oe rg 64-lo611 nou orpeilovror orqv errevdpyero r<irrorcrrv 6uvdpeclv. To epor-rrl;roro rlrov rrolld.-l . 'Hrov 6uvcrr6v vo coxodv'ror 6uvdperq pdoo o116 rrg repdorreg

qrroordoers rrou rrcpepBdltrovrcxv crvdpeoo oro oupdvro oc6-

l-10r0;I

e

H NEYTONIKH >YNOEIH

Page 120: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

2. floro rlrov 11 nqyrl ourc6v rcov 6uvdpre<ov;

3. l-loro qrov q g6oq roug;

4. floror nopdyovreg xo06pr(ov rr5 rrpfg rou5;

Kor 6irrtro o'6trq qurd ro €porrlForrKd yro ro oupdvro oc6prorounrlplov Kor ro (rlrrlporo rrov emtyetcrrv ovrtretpiv<rrv. Tr orprpr6Soqporve q <proo6vr1> rcov errryerorv ovrrretpdvo)v vo rrdgrouv rrpogrr1 [q, xor prdtrroro -oro revd- Fs rtlv i6ro errrrdXuvorl; Kor ro oopo-p6repo rlrov q porp6lpovq napd6oorl rrou enipeve 6rr to yrlrvoyeyov6ro drrpene vo ovrrl.rrrorri(ovror pe 6rcrrpoperr16 rp6no o116ro oupdvro.

A5 6oripe ro (rlrqporo pe rdrroro oerpd. llor npr6ro ro av eivat6uvsr6v vc aoxo1vrat \uvdpetc, and anr6oruoq. H orrdvrqoq rouNedrrovo qrov xororporrrcq. H 6pdoq qrrd orrdoraoq rlrov pro Kor-voripro loyrrrl rrou napopio(e pro ox6pro nopd6oo4. I' ourd porl-

04oov trotrd or payvrlreg. O William Cilbert (l'ouiXrop l-rcilpnepr') pero prptrio roo flepi Mayvryrdtv, ro 1600, urrcorqpr(,e rrlv r6do prog6pdoq5 qrrd orr6orooq. An6 rov Gilbert prdXpr rov Ne6rorvo 11 r6ioyro 6uvdpers fiou 0o pnoporioov vo ooKo6vror lcrrpig enogrl 6roverq 6ra6pop( 6trou rov 17oo Grr6vo, qrrorrc6vrq5 olodvc rreprooS-rrpous urroorqpr1169.

'Eror, oro ({rnpo rou pdpoug o Nedrov ppiOrlre drorpo5 vo o-vroltrd{er rqv rropo6ooror<r1 dnorgrl (6rr qro.'r pro <puorrq rdoq roverriye rcov otr-lprdrcov va 0dlouv vo ouvovrqoouv rrl l-q) pe rrlv Kor-vo6pro r6fa drr q [q oorce f ;rro 6rivcpq o116 orr6oroorl o€ roOivaon'ourd. To pdpog 6qlo6q rou pqlou (rrrv pro 6r ivoprq rrou o-orodoe q fq oro pqtro 6uo5 drove ror o prcry,,rlrqg oro or6epdvro o-vrrxeipevo, p6vo rrou q 6rjvo;r11 rnS l-nS 6ev qrov proyvrlrrrrl, rlrcv

;rro 6rivopq pcprirqrag.

H r6io yro 6uvdprerg orrd on6oroo4 r:vroX60r1re . Exrdq o116rr1 66vop4 rou poyvrlrrl Kor rrl 66vcp4 rns frls orc eniyerc o-vrrrefpevo, 0a prropodoov vo undplouv ror 8uvdperg ovdpeoooro oupdvro oriporo.

T r\ tro Frl^o Kor ro 9€YYoP!Yndpler pro nopd6oorl f iou l iel 6rr o Netirov eprrve6o04repldnovro5 dvo prllo vo nfrprer ond, rr1 pqfud npog ro i6orpo5.Aev eivqr rq06lou piporo 6rr ro errero66ro urrrlp{e npcryporrr<d.Eivor cvcxpgfpotro dpcog drr rdror o116 c'pro;rdvegouvOr]r<€S ou-

I

h

o

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 121: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

vdtrope rqv r6ic 6rr or 6uvdpe r5 ovdpeoo orous nlovqre5 0o prrro-po6oe vcr eivar 6uvdperg papurrrdg, i6rou 6qtro6q loporrqpo p€ s-reiveg nou itrrouv ro p4Ao rrpos rrl fr1. H npc6rrl orir4rq rrou Odlq-oe vo 6orcrpdoer rlrov FrirroS q 6pdoq rqs frls ndvro oro pqlo, rroue rc6qlcov6rov p€ rqv nrriroq rou, 0o pnopo6oe vo <gOdve r)) pixplro cpeyydpr Kor vo rou 6qproupye f rqv ovcyro(o enrrdXuvoq rrou rordva vq nopo;rdve r 6opucpdpo5 rqg.

Meprr<d lpdvro vorpire po, o Robert Hook e iXe unoorrlpi{er 6rr q66vo;rq rrlg pop6rqrog 0o irlpere vo etrcxrrc6veror ovdtroyo p€ rorerpdyovo rqg on6oroorl5 ond ro rdvrp,o rns l-ns. (Av 6qtro6r1 oeopropdvq orrdorooq q 66vopr1 eile rrpq F, oe 6rnldoro on6oroorl0o drrperre n rrp4 voyiveror Fl4, oe rprntrdoro F/9 r.o.r,). 4116 ro6e6o;rivo rrou eivor pdXpr oqpe pc 6ro0iorpo e ivor piporo f i tr ls oNerjrov r1€epe drr q ondorooq ond,ro rdr,'rpo rqg Ietrqvqg ;rdXpr rorivrpo rns fns rlrov nepinou 60 eopds peyotrdrepq o116 rqv orri-vo rrls fqg. Av lorrr6v rl f^€n qrcv ovrio'rpoqo ovdloyq pr ro rs-rpdycovo 'rq5 cxrr6orooqg orrd ro rdvrpo rns fns, q popurrr<q enr-rdluvorl rrou 0o inperre vo 6qproupyei q l-q orq Ietr4vq 0o rlrov ro1l60'4113.600 rqg enrrdluvorls rrou nporolo6oe oro pqtro. 'H{epedrr 11 popurrrry enrrriXuvorl ornv srrrrpdvero rns fns (oe oqpeprvigprovd6e5) rlrov rrepirrou 9,80 m/s'. Irq oe7,qvr1 trorrrdv 0o dtrpetre vo6rlproupyeiror pro errrrdXuvoq 9,813.600 rnls' 4 2,72 .10 ' m/s' nepi-nou. O Nrfrorv {ipovro5 drr 4 nepio6og rrlg rrepr<popdg rqg le,\q-vrlg yfpro ond rq fq rirov 27,331tipeg rrrpinou, urrotrdyroe rrlv Ks-vrpopdlo errrrdluvoq pe pdoq rq oldcrrl o = u' lR. H roXdrrlroprropodoe vo urroloyroref qrr6 rrlv orrivo rqs n€prqop<i5 r<or rrlvrrepfo6o, 0e<r;prriv'ro5 rpuorrd rqv xivrloq xord rrpoodyyroq opol(rur<lrrr1. O unoloyro;.r69 i6rve a : 2,7.1()-' m/s'. To qnorileopo 4-rqv Kdrr nopondvo ond evOoppuvrr16. t-l 66vo;rq rrou e{ovriyro(erq Ietrr1vr1 vo neprcpiperor ydpor on6 rr1 fq d6eryve vo orpe ilerarorrl fr1 Kot vd e ivor 6rivo1.rq paprjrrlrog.

Mro dltq noyKooproTo en<ipevo pqpo rlrov q yevir<euoq. Me llio orrd rrg rotrprqp6rrpeqyevrxe6oe rg ornv roropio rq5 ovOpc6nrvrlg or<iqq5 o Ne6rarv uno-or(pr{e 6rr rriOe o6po rou od;rnavrog dtrru xti0e ril\l\o odrpa pe

;rio etrrrrr{ 66vopr1 ouv ourrl rrlg papri'rrpcA. H pop6rqrcx undp-

Xsr o€ 6lo ro I6;rrrav. Yrrdpler d1 prd,vo rrvdpeoo orq fr1 r<or ro ;rq-

-,!

e

I1 NEYTON KI] IYNOEII- '1

Page 122: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

lo altrd xor cvdpeoo orq fq Kot ro ge'y"ydpr, <rro Aio Kot rous 6opu-gdpoug rou, orov'Hfuo rqr roug ntrovrlreq. Eivor pio il{4 rrayrri-oFro.

O NErircrrv 6e oropdrr loe e rsi . Metrdrqoe ro (r l rqpo rqg rrp(5rrou dnpene vo fler q ncryr6opro il{q, <iore vo pnope f vo e{qye frou5 v6;roug rou Kdntr€p yro rqv ntrovrlrrrcrl rivloq. To rehrd rououprrre poopo r l rov 611 0o prropodoov vo €l lpr lv€uOodv pe evroforpdno rdoo rq yrlrvo yeyovdro doo Kor rcr cupdvra, oprcei vo yiver6e 116 6t 66o onon8qtrore (oqFenxd) awuxefpeva rou E6pna-woq, f)lxowar qtr6 an6maoq FE 66vapq avdAoyq lrpoq, ro yw6ye-vo rh)v paftbv rouq, * Ku awrcrrp6g-S avdAoyq zr,pos ro rerpdyorvo rqs pera{6 rouq, an6oraoqq.

* To piyeOog nou ovocpdprrqr cr.rs p6(a tfuat 11 leydpevrl paponxry pocd, qorroiq eu0rjvsror yro rrlv il{r1 ovdpreoo ora ootpr<rro. fro rov Ne6rovo ef-vcrr ovdloyq ps rnv a\p<tvuarcq pd(a. Lrov erroor6 orcovq or 66o pd(eq 0e-rrrporjvrcxr ioeg. H rodrrlro 6ev eivqr rq06lou ourov6rlrr;. Arrordleoe xqr d-vo e f6og o<perqpicrg yro rrlv ovdnru{q rqg tevrrc'15 Oecopiog rr15 Ilerr<6rq-to5. 4116 6co rcqr rripo rcor yro rq 66o yeyd0rl 0o lprlorporroror,ipe rq }i{qpd(a <at ro i6ro odprpotro "m".

; O vopos rrls noyK6opros dI€qSAS Xpnorporrorrlooupe ro orlppolo m1 KOr m, yto vo rropoorrloouperr5 pd(eg 6rio ufur<ci:v oqpre (rov rrou ppforc,vrcr or orr6orooq R.

I l6;rrpovo p€ rov vdpo rrlg ncyr6opros dl€nS oe xqOfvo qrr6 ourd' oor€iror o116 ro dltro prro etrrrrrrl 66vopr4 pe ;.rdrpo F, rrou 6iveror

0rro rrl oxtorl:

F=c+y,To orippoAo C rroprordve r prio guorx4 rro<r6rq'ro pe rrprl ove{dp-

rqrrl orld ro utrr16 fiou rrop€Hpdlleror. Eivor pio rroodrrlro, rrou d-y€r rrlv i6ro rrprrl yro orroreo6rlrrore 6do pd(r:5 oe orroro6rlrrore 66ooqpe io rou oriprrovros Kor ov ppe0oriv. H noodrqro ourq }dyerormuOepri rqg nayrrioyro5 d\[qg.

H rre rpoporrrcrl errol(Osuorl rou v<ipou {iev iyrve odre qrr6 rovNerjrclrvo odre orrd rcxvivov dllov ernorqpovo rq5 eno1r1g. M6voora 1798,6orepo 64}o611 o116 6vov orrivo r<or rreproo6repo, dvo5orlprovrrrdg e peuvqrr ls, ouFf iorprt i l rqg rcu Ne6rcovo, o Henry

e

FI NEYTON KF] IYNOE:I]

Page 123: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

'Evo oxri[o nounopror6ver rov (uyti

srpdq,eoq rou H.Gavendish. H

Popurtx{ dtr{qovripeoo orrg dtio

p6(eg M xor m, nop'dtro nou eivot notrd

prxpf, eivor 6uvordvvu y(ver ovrrl4nr{ pc

rn fipdll,n Touoripporog.

Cavendish r<ordrpepe vo KorooK€udoet drro rSroirepo suo(oerlro 6u-

vopr6prerpo, rov trey6;revo (uy6 orpdqJsols/ H€ rov ofioi'o rrdruXe vo

psrp{o€r rr1 popurrrrl oMqleni6pooq cvdpeoo o€ 66o ouvrl0q oc6-

Foro Kol vc u'rroloyioer 6rr q rrgq rq5 oroespds C eivol 6,67'10"

N.m'. kg' .

Bopog Kqr Bopurrrcrl e:nlroyuvorlH dl{q rrlv orroio qorei pio opoyevrlg opofpo oe dvo utrlrcd oq;reio

srro6errvferor drr eivor iorl p€ rqv dtr{r1 'nou 0o er6qtrcovdrov ov d-

lq 11 pd(o rq5 ogaipog rlrov ouYKsvrPopdvq oro rcivrpo rq5. H 6I-

H NEYTONIKH >YNOEIH

H fr1 rSpog pog dtrreryrori iXer nol6peydtrq pd(o

Epeig ro ou.yd6rv ekoupe ro ivoro dllo ener6rl

Oe5 vo ret5,enrr6rl, dXoupenotr6 prrpd5 pd(eg

Page 124: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

eq ourrl eivot ouvrorapivrl 6tr<rrv r<ov 6uvdpe<rrv rrou oorofvrqr oroufur6 oqpeio on6 6tra ro utrrrd or;peio rrlg ocpcipq5. I'ourr; rr1 tro-yrrcrl pnopodpre vo Oeorprlooupe rq l-q oov 1-ricr opoyevq ocpofpo rorva urroloyiooups rrl popurrrr; il{r1 nou corei* oe ivo orroro6rlno-re o<6po. H dl{q ourrl liyeror pdpog roo outprarog. Av Xpqorponor-qooupe ro odppotro M rqr m yrq rr5 pd(e5 rrlg fr15 Kor rou ocirpo-ros/ ro B yro ro pdpoS rou orirpcxros Kor ro d yro rqv on6orooqrou qrrd ro rdvrpo rrls fns, 0c roXfer:

B=G

* To 19o crc6vo yro rrlv rr€prypd<pr1 rcov pcpurrrc6r, 6uvd;.re orv dpXroe vo e-rrrrporef q iworo ne6io poplrqrog. Iro epc6rqpo, 6qlo6r1, norog aoxe i rrl6rivupq F.ipoS; pnopo6pe vo o'novrdpe eire q [4 eire ro y{rvo ne6io pu-pdrqrcg.

And rqv dllq, o6pcpovs l-r€ rov 6e6repo vcipo rrlg rivrlorlg rl €rn-rdXuvoq B, rrou npor<aleirar orrd rq papurrr<ii dtr{r1, 0o eivor

B:Blm orrdre I : GM/d'. Av lpqorprorrorqoou';re Kor ro R yro ro pr1-KoS rn5 orrivo5 rou rrlcv4rl pqS, n oxion

Mgo=GRz

0o prnope f vo pos 6(ver rr1 Bopurrrq errrrdluvrrq (go) yra ro orirpraronou Bpiorovror rovrd oro d6ocpog, oe 6q;og 6qlo6r] oorlprovro oecrxion ps rrlv orrivc rrls frls.

H oXiorl aurq npoorpiper pro 0ecopqrrrcrl spFrlvsiq orq rrsrpopo-rrrd 6e6oprdvc rrls etre60epqg nrc6oqg. Ergpdiler 6rr 11 yrlrvq pcpu'n-

rcrl enrrdluvorl iler rrlv i6ro rrprrj yro 6lo ro oc6;roro rcr q rrp( rq5ro0opi(eror on6 66o XopqKrnprmrrd rour rrlcrvqrq trrog, on6 rn pd-(o r<or ond rqv orrivo rou. Irq olerrrrl rrpooiyyroq o rrtrovrlrqgpog 0ecope iror on6truro ogorprrcdg.

Ewoeirqr 6rr prro nopdporo oxion 0a pc5 6i'uer 14 popurrrq errrrd-

Xuvorlmq letrrlvq q oe r<drroro rrlwqrq, rov'Ap1, yrcx napd6erygo. IrqIelrlvq n rrp{ rqq Bopurrrrlg errrdXuvorls, Trou'6qproupyeiror cnd rqpd(o rqg, e ivor rrepinoo 1,7O m/s'. Aur6 oqprciver 6rr, ov ivo oc6po pepa(a1kgQ:y(u orn fn 9,B N,0a Q:yt(et 1,7 N rrro oelrlvror6 d6crpo5.

Ag npoodlouF€ rn oxdon ovdpreoo orrlv rr.r4 rrls popurrr<qg rnr-rdXuvoqg (g)) Kor rqv on6oroorl orrd ro rcdvrpo rns fns. H ef(orooq

I : CM/d' 6e ilver drr 11 g elorrc6verar ps ro'rerpdyovo rqg ond,-

Mmd'

-e

H NEYTONIKH >YNOE:H

Page 125: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

oroorls Ond ro KivrPo rns frls.AvriororXo, ro0<i5 ivo5 dvOprrlrros qrroporp6veror orrd

r4v errrgdvsro rrls [r19, ro pdp,r5 rou elqrrrirveror. 'Evog

oprerd eurpogq5 rripro5 nou (uyi(e r erqrd rrld orqv enr-rpdvero rrls frls, 0o (uyi(er 25 rc),d 6rov ppeOe f o€ 6qros R, i'-oo 6r1tro6r1 pe rq yrlrvq oxrivq. O i6ro5 0o (uyf(e I 6,25 xrtrdoe 6rpog 3R rar pdvo 2,8 rrld oe rirgog 5R, Xopfs vo dXer Xd-oer rinore orrd rqv o{roodpoorry o6pdverd rou.'Orrorog 0e-lrloer vo rov onpc6{er 0o ro rorrxldper o;,rdoorg.

Or reyvqroi Sopu,gopolIrrg 4 Orrolppfou rov 1957 11 <xv0p<orrd,rrlrc rroporolod-0r1oe ro dvory;.ro rrlg 6roorqprr:qg enoXrlq. O trp<iros r€-

1vqr6g 6opucp6po5, o l r ro6rvrr l ,fipoyporo'noro6oe rrg rrpc,6re5 rrepr-gopds rou ytiprrr o116 rq fr1 oe rrepio-6o 96 rrpcirrorv trerrrriv. 'Yorepo orrddvo ;rr1vc ror evc6 o Irrodrvrx I ppr-ordrov rrdvrc{ oe rpolrd, erro{e drrl-r<e o rroAtj l.reyo}drepd,g rou Irrodrvrrl l prerocpdl)ovroS oro 6rdornpq ronpc6ro (covrovd nldopa, rq or<uloAdrro. Tprcrqprou nepinou 1p6vro op-ydrepo r0 nporooih8o rov €gnFs-pf6<r-rv 6tror-r rou r6opou gr lo{evodvrr lv e f6qor yro dvo nopondpo pqpoorrlv fipooTTdOero yro rrlv e{epe 6vr1or1rou odprrorvrog. <AvOpcorros oro 6rd-orr lFs). O Ioprerrr<69 fro6pr frcryrd-prv yfveror o rpc6roq oorpovodrqg

orqv roropio rcov ovOp<rrnorv. Irlpepo ;gtrrd6eq 6opu<pdpor ppforo-vror ot rpolrd ror ouppdllouv oe iptuveq f iou orpoporiv rr lv o-orpovopic, rrg xooprrri5 orriveg, rrg rr1,\errrrorvovie5, rrl Fsr€opo-loy(c ror rq protroyio.

H rfvqoq ev6g 6opu<pdpou poof(€ror orrl popurrrq itr(q nou rouoorei 11 fq, r<drr cvdtroyo, 6qlo6q, pre our6 rrou ouppoive I pe togeyydpt xo'rd rqv rreprgopd rou yripor rxrrd rov nlavqrq po5.

Av o116 619o5 h rrdvro srr6 ro d6ogrg er<ro{e uOe i dvo oc6pro preT

o

ry H NEYT.NTKH:YN.ErH

Page 126: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Aopugripoq oe xurtrrxri rpo1r6. Me ro6rdvuopo d noprordveror 4 ro1rlr416

rou. To drdvuolro F- noprordver 14popurrr{ dlfn rou rou ooxei q fq.

Egtioov 4 ouvrmopdv4 drivopq eivor 11popunr{ dl{n, o{i(er vo npood{oupe

drr q entr6Xuvotl ev6g dopurpdpousivor q popurKri enrrd;1uvo4 g, oro

Iqroq nou Ktve[Tor.

u...Av q ndrpo eKoqevdovtorei Uepeyol0rspI ro;10r4r0, 0o nder oxrilroUoKpdrepo nporoU {ovoneoer orq f4.Mnopotipe trorndv vo oupnepdvoupe

drr ou{6vovrog rqv oplrrf rrlgroyfrqro 0o pnopeoer vo 6rovdoeronoorfoerq 1,2,5, 10,100, 1000

prtritov nporoU vo {uvonioer orq fq,1ri1pr ro oqpeio, 6nou {enepvdrvrog ro

dpto rqg f4g 0o ouvelioer rqv rpoyrorqg oro drdorqgo lorpig vo oyyi(er ro

eboqog"' ' 'fIo xeipevo xor ro o;16dro undp;1ouv oe

Btplio rou NedrorvuJ.

Kcxr€deuvoq Kde€rrl orq PCIpurtrrl enrrdXuvorl, orrl ouv6-

X€ro €ivor 6uvor6v vo yiv€r 6opug6po<; rrls I-rlS, CIpK€f rl ro-

16111ro vo ix€r pio rrp( rordllrllq. rVtnopofpe vo pelerrl-oouF€ oecoprlrrrd ro (rlrqpo yrc rrlv'r€pi'fir(l)orl KuKhK4Srpoxrds. H povo6rrr; 66voprq fiou oolr€fror oro 6opucpdpoeivor popurrrq dl{q ofidrrl fq, yro rrlv orrofo roXrierF : C Mm/ (R * h) ' , 6nou M q prd(o'rns fns KCIr m n Fd(orou 6opuqdpou. H i6ro ourq 66vopq {:g' 6oov e ivor 11 ouvr-oropdvq 0o npdner vo urroKofu Kor ciro 6e6repo v6po rrlsrcivrloqg, vq €fvot 6qlo6r1 iorl pe rq pd(,r rou 6opug6pou errfrnv Ksvrpopd,tro errlrdxuvorl. F:ffIo. ,\Ild yro rrlv K€vrpo-p6lo enrrdxuvor l roXfe r q = u2 / (R + h). Arrd r ts rpsrsnpoqyof peve5 crXioerg rrpor6rlrer drr :

Mm mu2u (R+htt : R--h oPCI

Irr5 oldoe rg ourdg ro dOporopra t{+h ono'retref rnv o-rrdorcxoq rou 6opug6pou ond ro rdvrpo rns l-ns Kor rou-r6Xpovo r4v crrivo rqg rpoXrds rou. To ouptripqopq €ivqr drr oe r<dOe 6qog urrdpler ;rfo pivo <rcxrdltrrllq> rrprlraldrrlrcg yro vo lrpoyFdrorrorrl0ei ;lro rirorc 6opucpo-ponoiqoq.

Tdtrn rou erroorodort0vo. 0 ptoorxdqdtoor4prrdg oro0p6qMir oe dopurpoprxrirpolrti ouvovrfror peolsprKovrKd oK60oq

ivu:\c R+h

I

o

H N]EYTON KH :YNOE:H

Page 127: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

iH 6rorrlPqoq rq5 oPtrnS

To yrvoH€vo pd(o, ,€nr roxurrlrcl

teyovdra rol ePtor{Forq.

Ero pntAtdp6o. H p(o ;rrrfiro npoorpoder rrdv<rr

valo;2rr1v E}wxq odcj' To yr<rlroXi rppevdpe r rrndropo Kor ro <poprqy6

rrou epl6rov orrci nio<o rricpter pe 96pc tdvto rou Kol ro rrcpoo6-

per. 'Evo epc6rrlpc: f'loro orotXeio 0c ro0cpioouv rqv rcrXfrrlro rou

ouoorrlporc6Fqros;

2ro ne6io rrls pdyr1s.Ko0c65 ro rovdvt €l(rrupooKporei onro0o6po-

raXfrrlro. Tr orpr p<65 ouprpoiver;

2ro arcpurqpto Kavdpepo,)t' Ka0<og ro 6t'rorqprrd' oxdcpog erro€e6-

€rcr rrpos ro rrdvo, ro oiplo rqg r<o6o115 e{dpXovror npoq ra rd-

To F€ rpopcrrrrrl tcrXdrrlro. floto eivct r-o puorl16;

Mtoa orrlldAaooo. Oproyivo oorpoKoq6po yro vo prerortvrlOotiv

erro{efouv pia ouofc orr6re erce(vo rtvofvrqt rrpos rrlv ovriOerrl

rcre60uvot1.

Ynorpieg

Kpo6oer5 Kor ovoKpo6oer5. Mro peydlq rrotrttr(q yeyov6rov F€ Ko-

po;rrrive5, goprrlyd, prrritrre5, oorpcrorpripo Kol 6roorqp r rd oxqpo-

7 .,* /7,{ ,r (a)

H NEYTONIKH:YNOEIH

Page 128: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ro. KOr pr0 ufior.pi0.'Orr or rrorrile5 rpo6oelg KGr ovoKpodoerg urrcrrodouv oe xdrroto e-vroio v<ipo. H 6ro6pop4 6pro5 -on6 ro yeyov6r'q orous v6poug- 6ev

prropeivo yiver nopd prdvo pe n6xtltroo rrou neprdXe r rrg xordllqleg

fvvoreg. tloreg ivvoreg rptr,et, dpoye, vo Xprlorporrortlooupe orrl

ouyre rprpivq rrepinr<ool; Ynonre u6poore 611 0o Xpe looref vo po-

ororodpe orrg iworeg prd(c rcr rcrX6r4ro.

tlerpripuro

Koroge6youps oro epyoor4pro. Eref svqrro6ldyoupe reXvqrd rd-

rroro rporv6pevc 6rrog or ouyrpo6oerg rord rr'; ofiofss gpovri(oupevo perpdpe pdleS ror rcrXdrqreg.

fldvrrr oro rporrd(r rou epyoorqpiou ppf<xovror 66o oc6prororcov onoirov rrg pd(e5 iloupe npoqyouprivo5 ;rerprloer.

To 6rjo ourd oc6prora 0q prnopo6oe vo e ivctr 66o roporodrro ep-yoorqpiou. To dva drr' curd (pd(og m,) rrvotiprevo pe rcrldrlro u,-rqv onofo pnoporipre va perpdpe pre 4}errpr16 lpovoperpnr4-npooninrer oro dllo (pd(og mr) ro orroio eivor cr(v4ro.

Ta 66o ovrrreiprevo ouooroporc6vovror ror ouvelf(ouv vo rtvo6-vror Hs rc16rr1rc V rqv orroio prropodpe vo pretpqooupe . Etovo-trcppdvoupre pre 6ragoptrrrd5 rrpdq po(riv KGr roxur4rcrrv.

Mfoo crrd ro ocpdlporo -ro orroiq oe xdOe pirpqoq rdvouvrqv e;rrpdvro( roug- prnopori;re vo 6rorpivoupe 6rt oe dtreg rS fi€pr-nrcioerg ro yrv6pevo m.,u eivor ioo pe ro yrv6;levo (mr + m2)V.

O 6pdpog rrlg Oeopiag

Or e pyoorqprordq perprloe r5 pdg 6ivouv rdnotc pqvrjpcro yro ro yr-vdprevo pd(a eni ray1rryra crltrd ro (rroros orprpc65 e ivqt o vdpog>6ev riXer ordpro rpovef. Ag rorrd{ouFs npos ro pipog rqg Oecopiog,fipos rous veurovrrofg 6r1lo6t1 vdproug rrls Krvnorls.

Yrro0iroupe d,rr 6rio prnifueg I., ror I, -p€ pd(eg m1 KGI m, rtvoti-peve5 iror c6ore ra rcdvrpo rous vo ppior<ov'ror ouvtX65 orqv i6roeuOeio- ouyrpo6ovror.

'Eorco 6rr or ral6rqrdq roug nptv an6 rqv rpo6oq €ivor u, t<ot u,ror otrriocrrq SttrdY, ror V, ovriororXa. Egoppd(oup€ rous vturcDvr-ro65 v6proug rrlg rivr1or15.

2rr:, pnifuct f,. H ro4lrnro rqs rlrov u, tcol dytve Vr. H perapotrqrq5 eivar V'-u,. Yrro06roupe 6rr rrpoyporo'norrl0rlK€ o€ Xp6vo At

H NEYTONIKH:YNOEIH

-e

Page 129: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

A

e

orov Xp6vo 6rllo6rl rrou 6roprei 11 ofyrpcuorl. Iuppotri(oupre pre F,rr1 66va;.rq nou oorq0rlK€ orqv I, (orrd'rrl Er) or6re, odpgotva ;lerov 6e6repo vdpo rqg r<ivqoqg, 0q e(vor

: V,-u-" .Fzr : ffir -h- (1)

2rr1 yniNa fr. H rolfrrpd rqg qrov u,, ror fyrve Vr. H preropolrlVr-u, npoyporonorrl0rlre errfoq5 oe lpdvo At oro lprivo 6r1lo6qrrou 6roprei q ofyxpouo4. Iuppoli(oupe pre F,, rq 66vopq rrou o-orrlOqr<e orqv I, (ond rrg I,) on6re, o6p<pcovc Fr€ Tov 6e6repo vd;.ro'rqg rivqorlg, 0o eivor

? v,-d, ..Fzt : f f iz - l .a Q)

H 66voprq Fr, tqu orrofq ooxef 11 I, or-qv I, e ivor ovri6pooq rqgF,, rqv orrofo aorei 11 I, orq Ir. liprpar'/o l.r€ Tov rp(ro veurcrrvrrdv6po rr;5 xivqoqg 0o rcrXrler

ir, = -Fr, (g)

And rrg rperg ourdg,e{roc6oerg efxolo nporrjrrrer drrmr (V'-rir) : - m2 (Vr-dr) on6re

m, d, + ffi, d, : ,-n, V,, *.n, V,

H retreurcxiq aurq e{iooron pos trder rrrOopd drr urrdpler pro 6ro-vuoprorrrrl rroo6rrlrc q orroio rcard rr1 tidpxcn rnq, Kpo6oqs -fio-p6tro ro notrdntroro rrou ouprpoivouv- \nrqpeirat ora1epq. H no-odrqro ourrl ogopd oro o6o111;ro r<rrv 66o ocopd'rov xcr liyeroroPyrl rou ouorrlparoq.

Tt ro 6rcirepo, 61tug, epgavi(u ro oL,yKEKprlJ{.vo o1orr1ya d:oreq opp4 rou vs |nrr1peirat orcoepr1;

H cndvrqorl eivor drr oro odorqpo ().,, Ir) rcord rr1 6rdprcera rqgofyrpouoq g 6ev aoxo'vrat e{<nrepxi.c, 6uvdyug. Av oe<rlpqooupreorg oc6pc 14 prrifuo I., ocpeiloupe va orro6eXro6pe 6rr r<ord rq 6rdp-K€ro rns o6yrpouoqg ooreiror o' ourrlv 56voprr1 ond rq Ir. Av rrdtrrOecopqoouye rog orilpo rq prnifuo Ir, o'cur{v, rord rq 8rdprero rqqodyr<pouoqq ooreiror 6rivoprl ond 14 I . Av dprog Oeoprlcroupe roo6orqpo rcov 66o ogorpc6v 0o rpdrrer vrr orro6eXro6pe 6rr o' surd6ev sororivrar e{coreprr<65 6uvdprr 15.

H NEYTONIKH:YNOE:H

Page 130: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

l-1otr,\dg gopds evronf(oupre rr1 peldrq pos r)€ dvq o6volo ocD-pdrrov, ro orroio orropovc6voups -voqrrKd- orrd ro rreprpdl-lov. Adpre rdre 6rr fXoupe €va o6orr1pa outydr<nv, Trg 6uvd-p€rS lrou qoKo6vror oro oriporo rou ouorr;por6g pro5 orrd rooc6poro rou rreprpdllovrog rrs XopoKrrlpiZ,ouHe oov e{<urept-rdg evc6 ereiveg rrou oororivror prero{6 rox'o<opdro)v rou ou-orqpoloq rlg trdpe eoureptxtc,. Av Oecopr'looupt dvo prplio oovorio-rr1po, or 6uvdpe rg rrou oorcef rdOe oe)'f6o orrq 6rnAovdgrqg eivor 6uvdperg eocr;reprrcig.

Opp4 ufurod oqFsfou

Ie rcdOr ulrrd, orlpeio rrou xrvefror rrrs fipos rdrroro odorrlpo ovo-gcpds ono6i6oupre pfo oppr(. Ovopd(oupt a,pqf uJVxod oqpt(ouro yrvd;revo rqg gri(og rou enf rqv ruldrqrd rou. Av rqv ouppoli-ooup€ pe ro ypdpyo "p" 0G pnoporipe vo ypdq,roupr rqv e{iocoo4 o-

proprorj q orroioi er<gpd(er 6rr q opprj eivor prdyeOog 6rovu-oporrr<5 p€ rrlv rcore60uvoq rrlg ro;;6111105 Kor ;rirpo ioope ro yrvd,pevo rqs pd(oS errf ro ;rir-po rr15 rcrXrir4rog.

F=td

Movd6o yrCI rrl pirpqoq rqs opF{S oro AreOvig lforrlpo0o eivor ro 1 kg m/s rlro 1 Ns.

Opp4 ouor{Foros

Meydlo 6prcog ev6ro<pipov nopouord(a Kor rl dworo oppq ouorr1pc-rog 11 onoi<r opf(eror trls ro 6rovuopotrrd dOp,rropruT cov op1.rc6v rovufu rc6v orlpreicov rou ouorrlproro5.

F = -,d''

+ mrd, + ... + mudu

Optr4 evrig ot6;rurog

'Orov ivo oc6pro errelef percgoprrrl xiv4oq ru ulrrd oqpri<r rou i-

Xouv rcorvr] rol6rqro orr6re n opp4 rou prrrope i e6xolo va urroloyr-oref. Oo eivor iorl ye ro yrv6p€vo rqs ird(oS rou oc6poro5 errf rrlvrcrXfrqrd rou.

H NEYTONIKH IYNOE:H

I

h

e

Page 131: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H cpx{ rqs 6rarqprloqsrrls opp4SBoor(dpevor orous 66o veurcovrxorig vd;rou5 rqg xivqorlg ano6ei{o-pre Oeorpqrrr<d <irr 6rrore ouprpoiver orjyrcpouoq 66o o<opdrov oro o-noiq 6ev ooro6vror e{rrlreprrrig 6uvdprer,;, q opp{ rou ouorqproro5nprv crnd rq o6yrcpouoq eivcr ioq pe rqv opprl rou ouorqpCIros l.rs-TCl,.

To ou;rrrdpool.ro ourd onorele i er6rrrj rrepirrrcoorl evdg yevrrorjv6prou o onoiog ovogiperor oe orroro6linore oforqpo oro orroio6ev qorodvror e{coreprr<d5 6uvdprerg. liprpcovc 1.r' ourdv

H oppri evrig ouor{FCIroS 8rarqpeirarr eg6oov 6ev qorodvror

e{tlreprrdg 6uvri;rerg.

O vdpog our6g ovocpfpercr ouvq0o5 crls opx{ rq5 6lcr{pqons rqsopF4s.

Av ro o6o111;ro orroreleircr o116 66o utrrrd orlpeio (r1 66o oc6po-rd o€ H€rogoprr<r1 rivqorl) pcx(c6v m1 KGt m, ypdgoupre

-+ -+ :-) --ttnr ul + m2 u2 = ffir vr *m, v,

0ecopc6vrog d.,, d, rrg roldrqreg rTprv Kor i,,i rrrg roXdrqreg gerdcrr6 orrorqo6rlnore grjons ollqlerri6pooq, opref orq 6rdpxerd rqgvo Frlv aor<qOrycov rrdvo oro odorrlpo 6uvdpe rg e{otreprr<dg.

Av or roldrrlreg dXouv Sleg rrlv i6ro 6rerl0uvoq, prroporlp€ vcx Ko-roorpr6voup€ rnv e{iorrlorl Xprlorl-rolrorcirvrog orr' e uoe iag rr5 olye-pprrf5 rr;-rig. Oo ypdrpoupe 6qlo6r1:

lTlr Ur * fllz Uz = tTlr \y't * m, V,

H opXrt rrlg 6rorqpqons rqs opF4S protrov6'rr oroppder arr6 rougveurcrrvrro69 v6proug rrlg rcivqoq5 roX6r.r Kot yto rrl oupfieprrpopdrov ool.rorr6icov rou Mrrp6rooprou yrq Fro, 641o611, xcrqyopio rpor-

H NEYTONIKH IYNOF:H

-e

Page 132: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

vopivov yro rrlv ofioid or guorKoi rou rrKoolod orc6vo rolupf(ovror611 6ev roXdouv ol v€ur<rlvrKoivdpor rqg rivqcr4g.

H <puorrrl epprlvsfsr Kor rrpoplirrerA6o eivqr or poorr6repor pdlor rqg grrorxqg. To <vo epprrlvefer> rorro (vo rrpopldrrer>. Eppqveder qur6 rrou dy:r ouppe i pnope i dpco5Kqt vo npopliq,'e r qur6 rrou 0o y(ver.

(Dorvd;revo 6ncog q evocopdrcr-loq evdg vtrpoviou oe nuprlvo o-(r1"roo, r; ovdrpouoq ev6q d,nlou ror q rrpor60r;oq r<ov odyXpovrrlvnupo6l<rrv prnopo6v vo npoplegro6v pdoer rns opX4S rr15 6rorq-pnons rqs opp{S. H i6ro opXq ouppdMer oro vo eppqve6ooups ou-16 nou 0o ouppe i 6orepo on6 pru r<po6oq orvdpeoo oe 66o ;rniXre5pnrtrrdp6ou oAld ror oro vo ouoXerioouHs rrlv rol6rqro evd5 plrl-poros Fs rqv rolirqro rrou 0o rrpoo6ciloer rr' ivov r<pepoo;rivo od-

Ko orov orroio 0a evogqvolOei.Ag 6o6trre rrc[rq prrrope i ravci5 vo rrpop]dq,'€r rrlv ro16111-

ro ovdrpouoq5 eydg dnlou. 'Orov'lriveror dvog rrupopotrr-opd5, ro 5rrtro errrvdoo€ror lrpos Tlv ovriOerrl rore60uv-

_."j' oq. Av egappr6oouF€ rrlv CIpx{ rns 6rarqpqoqg rns opH{Syro ro o6orqyo <pl4po-6ntro>, 0o prropiooupe vo 6odpe o-rrd rr e{oprdror 4 roX6rqro rqg avcixpouoqq. Tqv egoppd-(outrre:

p.p,u : 0, pp..a : mu f MV, P,o,u : Pp..,i, oTIci rtg orroieS 0 : ffiu *MV

mOPcv:-Mu

Blinoupe 6qlo6r1 drr 4 roXdrqro rrls ovrirpouoqg r{oprd'ror c-rrd rqv ro16111ro rou ptrqporog otrld Kcr qrr6 rov l6yo rcov prc(<rrvptrrlporog - drrtrou.

Irqv i6ro opXq Booi(€ror Kor q npoc60r;o11 opropdvorv (trirov rqgOdloooog, 6nog rG oorpoKocpdpo, rirov ()ilouv vo Gfio(ptiyouvrdrroro riv6uvo.

Irrlv i6ro, ndfu, oplq pooi(eror r<or 11 npoc60r1or1 rrou 6qproup-yei'ror orrg rrepi<pqprsq e xeiveg ourcrcivq'reg prlXavfg, rrg orroieg odv0polrroq orro rq pro rls o{ronofrloe yro vor ro{r6iq;er oro 6rdorrl-po, evci on6 rrlv dltrq rrg Xplorgorrofqoe r<or e{orotrou0ei vo rr5

XpnorHorrore f osv rrp<rlropxrK6 rrro 6rrAo ,rrov oyefltrro oyc6vc

I] NEYTON KF] IYNOEIH

I

C)

Page 133: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

6prSprou rc"v e-€on)iropriv. ;Vlrldpe, guorrd, yrc -rouS rrupcrriAoug.Iro eorl;'re prxd evdg rrupulilou ppfcrrcerar o Sdtropog r<orioqg"

rVtdoo o' crurd.r ovogldy€ror uypd ( oreperl xcxriori-ro. O Oclaproq e-

Xsr dvorypo orrri ro onoio e {dplovror ro rrdprcr rqq r<cx6oqq pe no}dyeydAq ruXfrqro" To.yeyovdq dXer ocrv rluvdrr€ro vo ou{,dveror 4roXrjrqro rou rrupatihou.

Evo neipopo yrq vq snrpeporo0ei n opxri rqg 6rorfipqo4g Tl1q opltiq

Page 134: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

o) Av oe rcdnoto npdplqpc Xperooreitero prirpo rqg popurrrrl5 enrrdluvorls vdro Oeoprloe, e yvom6 rot (oo Fe 10 m/s'.p) H ovr iorcon rou oipo oe 6tro ronpoplqporo 0eorpeiror oyetrrlria.y) O 6pog avnxeipevo uno6rllc6ve r oq-peror<6 cvrr reipevo (ufu r<d oqpeio).6) Ira <porv6pevo euOriypoprpq5 rivqoqgKdf fooppon(og o dpos corceiru \ovaprlurro6qlc6ver aoxefrcx ora1epry 66vayq.e) H 66vopn rqv onoio qore i 6vc rtvro-pdvo vqpo apetrqrdo5 pd(cxS oto o<6;rorrou rpoo6dvtror oro dvo drpo rou/ vcrOscrrpq0e f <5rr dXet to i6ro pirpo ps rq 66-voprl rrou oorei ro v(;rc mo o<6pro rrourrpooEdveror o'ro dMo drpo rou.

3.1. Iro riooepo 6rogoperrr<d yeyovdrorrou n€prypdgovror orqv ev6rqrs Mrsxotvq atria yn nq ttrcayivoug ro rorv<iororleio eivor 6rr ivo otrlpo nopouoiooepercpolrl ornv KrvrlrlKrl rou rordoroorl.'Evo ar<dpo rotvd ororXcio e fvot tirt orordooepc yeyovdro q perapotrrl ourrl Oeo-peiror ororileoprc rdnoro5 66vopqg noucor<rlgqrce oe rdnoto ocbya ar'6 rdrroronep$dAAov.o) floro avrrxe ipevo Oeope ircl oti.tyta otr<sOivo qlrd ro tdooepo yeyov6rc;

P) floro Oeorpe ircrr rep$<iAAov oe rcrOdvqo116 ro yeyorrdto;

3.2. Tr eivcr q elcorr<cirqrcl tryqpr:roq;

3.3. Ie noto <patrrdptvc avorpiprtrot o vo-

;rog Hooke; ilrig i5torunorveror;

3.4. l-rqti 11 66vop q 0eorpe iror pdyeOog 6ro-vuopcrrrtl;

3.5. l-lorq eivqt tcl ororXeia rq5 ouvtoropi-vqg 6rjo 6uvdperr:v ot onofeg ooKotivrol

r oro i6to oqperor(i cvrtrceipevo r<or o) iXouvrrlv 6ro rare60trvoq p) iXouv roreu06v-oer5 cvriOereg y) eivar rdOere5 pera[0rous;

3.6. Kord rqv cvdluoq prcg 6Uvcpq5 F oe66o r<d0ere5 ouvtord-loeg F* Kot F' or rtpiSr(l)v ouvroro)orllv eivut F" : F ouv0 rqtF, = F r1p0. floto efvsr 11 Ycrlvio 0;

3.7. l-l6ocrlv er6c6',r rrvrloerg 6rcrpfver 4 apr-ororetrrrq cpuorr<r1 oro eniye to orilporc;fldoorv e r6riv rcv(oet5 6rorcpivel oro oupd-vro; l1oreg e ivqt ot rrvqoe rg oulig;

3.8. And rr roOopf(erar 11 <puorrq rivqorloriprrpovo p€ rrlv optororetrtrq guorrrl;Avocpdpere 66o rropo6e iyproro.

3.9. l-lordq rrvrlotr5 iXouv rrlv ovdyrrl ptctgruvqrrlpro5 66vc;rq5 odp<ptovo H€ rqv qpt-

motetrrrq <puorxrl; l-ltrlg e{qyeiror 11 rivrlorlev6g piloug nou iXer erro{eurei;

3,10. <Tr npint: t vo ou; lpaivet (60r€ vopnope i dvo otrlpo vs rtveitot pe oro0e pqrolJrrlro;> florq eivqr 11 evorrrt66r15 o-ndv'rqoq orqv onoic po5 onp6l,uer q lo-yrrrl rqg roOqpe prvqq epnetpio5; flotq q-

, ndvrqoq d6cuo,: o Ne 6r<ov pe rov v6porqg o6pdverog;

3.11. l-loro eivor ro nto onpovlKd oqpeiorou vcipou rrlq o6pdvero5;

3.12. Or 66o cllcpprrcig e{ro<rioer5IF* : 6ror IFu : 0 onor€tro6v rrlv tt<ovrl ror o-voyr<oia ou'v0r1<r1 yrc rnv roopponio o-poeninebcuv 6r- vtipealv coroupdv<rrv oe

I

e

F] NEYTON KI] IYNOEIH

Page 135: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

uh16 oqpeio. Tr noprordvouv ro o6p-potro IF- ror IFr; Tr crprp<ir5 oqpoiver <r-r<ovrl r<or ovcryr<aic ouvOrl<q> o' ourr;v rrlvrrupirrrorq;

3.13. Tr 0e<opeiror oipdve,c o) mov npc6-ro v6po rq5 riv4or15; p) rcrd rr1 ;reroBol-l6pevq rivqorl ev6g oc6paro5;

3.14. Tr ldyercr pd(a ev69 or6porog; floroeivor 11 ;rovd6o prrprloeog r4g pd(og oroAre0vig l6mqpc;

3.15. Ars0irere ivc ryar'€(t e pyoorqpiou,roporodrr, ldorrlo ror qtrerrpr16 Xpovo-perpqrq. fleprypdq,rre ivo neipopo oro o-noio vs r<crs6e rrv6erar 11 oXiorl rns (ouvt-oro;rivrlg) 66vopq5 ps rnv enrrdXuvoq.

3.16. Ie noro eprilrqpo onovrd o 0epellcrt-6q5 v6pog rrlg 6uvoprrrl5; Tr oncxvr4oq 6f-V€I;

3.17. H ge pefu<66q5 e{io<rroq rq5 6uvapr-rrlg ypdrperor ror F : ms. Tr noprordve rr<dOe o6ppolo;

3.18. E<p6oov or ooxoripeveg 6uvdper5 eivoropoenirre6e5, o116 rr1 0epetrr66q e{fo<oorlF : mq pnopo6;.re va ndpou;.re 66o olye-pprri5 e{rodloe rg, rqv IF, : m o Kor rrlvIF, : g. Tr rrcprmdvouv ro IF, rcr IFr;

3.19. tlorc oXio4 ouv6ier ro pdpo5 ev6go<ilporog pe rq pd(c rou Kor pe rq popu-rrrrl enrrdXuvorl rou rdnou; flod pooi(e-r0u

3.20. l-lc6g 0o perprlooup€ rn pd(o evdgor6poro5 (uyf(owd5 ro; [1o6 poor(6po-ore; Me norov dllo rp6no pnopo6pe vo;rerprloou;re rr1 pd(a;

3.21. Lt. rr ovogfpe ror o rpiro5 vdpog rrlg<ivqoqg; l-lcrl5 6rorun<overor; flc6g rov 6re-rdnoroe o Nerjr<rrv ota Principia;

3.22. lltitg sppuvs6sror, pdoer rou rpirouvd;rou rqg rivqorlg, 11 e xrivqoq ev6g 6po-udq;

3.23.'Evq no'r{pr ppiorerar arivqro o'ivorponi(r. Iqpe rolore rrg 6uvdper5 nou o-orodvrcr o' rlurd. Av ro i6ro uor4pr ppioKerol cxivqro o'ivq rpar€(t fiou rro-pouord(er rliorl, orlperc6ors rS 6uvdper5nou ooro6vrqr o'ourd.

3.24. Floreg 6uvdperg doKodvror o'ivq c-vrrreipevo rrou ohoOqiver oe rerlrpdvo e-nine6o Xorpi<;rprpi5;

3.25. fl<ire ep<pcvi(eror mcrxrlrprprl; Menoro dllq 66vcpq rrdvrore ouvundpXe r;

3.26. Kdnorog onpcolve r ivo poprl nrdvo

Xtrlpi5 vo ro'rorpipe r vq ro p€rsKrvrloer.l-.loreg 6uvdper5 oorodvror oro nrdvo;

3.27, H oXicrrl 0. To. pro Fn ovorp€peroroTq ororrxq 'rprpq. Tr orprp<rr5 e rcppd(er;

3.28. flora elzor 11 rore60uvorl rq5 rprprlgotrioOqoqg;

3.29. fl6re eprpovi(eror rprprl otrio04oqg;11169 6rorunrfvovrcr or €pfisrprKoi vdpormou5 onoiotrg unoroder q rrprl rq5; floroe(var 4 e{io<or4 pe tqv onoio er<ppd(ovraror v6;ror curoi;

3.30. 'Evo oq;.reror6 cvrrreipevo errele i o-polrl xuxhrrl rivqorl. llepryp&pre rrl ouvr-mopr6vrl dlov rorv 6uvdpreov rrou qoxo6-vr0t o'cur6.

3.31. flordg e 'vor or cvcryroieg npoOno0d-oerg c6ore vo errelioer ivc oc6pa opolrlxurhx4 rivrl,rq; 11165 6rlproupyo6vrar ornpo0rro0ioer5 ourd5 6rw dvq ourorivqronorpver orpo,prl o) oe opr(dvrro o66orpo-po; p) oe unepurl-rcopfvo o6dmporpo;

3.32. An6 rq brcvuoporrrrl e{ioroorlF = mq- yro rrl pelirrl rrlg opolq5 rurtrr-rqg r fvr lor lg prnopo6pe vc ndpou;re rrg66o otrye pprr,:dg e{ror6oe rS IF* : moK KorIF, = 0. f loreg npouno0doe r5 crrcrroU-vrcr; Tr noprrrrdver rdOe orippolo;

-6l

e

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 136: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

3.33. Irrlv oyotrr1 rurtrrrrl rivqoq ev65 c-vrrrerpivou roXder rloXiorlIF : mu':/R.Tr naprordvouv ro odprpolo; flcog ono6er-rvferor cur( q oxion;

3.34. Ti orprp6g roXupior4re o Konipvr-KoS oro dvq xor povo6rr6 prplio rou;

3.35. flco5 ovrrperconimrlK€ n dnoqrrl rouKonipvrxou; f1165 0o 6roruncbvore rrlvnp6rooq rou orrl yltilooo rrlg rpuorr<r1g;

3.36. lloro rpov 11 dnoqrl rou Kdnlep yroro r1fuor6 o6o14pro;

3.37. floru 4rov ro eporrrlporo fiou ovr-perornroe o Nsdrorv 6ruv nopeviprl orov6rdloyo yrc ro 4fuor6 o6orqpc; flora r1-rw 4 dnoq( rou yrq ro (qrqpo rq5 dwor-cg pdpoq; Ie rr 6ri<pepe crr<i r4v ncpo6o-ororrldnopq;

3.38. O Nedrorv unoorrlpr{e 611 4 brivoprrlnou ovoyrd(er ro <peyydpr vo neprrpipe-ror y6prl ond rq fq, iocrls vo ogeilerororrl fq Kor vq e fvor 66vopq popdrrlrog.flo6 pooiorrlre;

3.39. fkig 6rqruncoverar o v6pog rqg t-lo-yrdoprog il€nS q) pe tri{er5 p) ;re orippo-tro; Tr noprordver rdOe o6ppolo; l1c6g e-nolq0e6rqre nerpoporrrd;

3.40. o) And rt e{cprdror 4 rrprl rqg pc-purrrrl5 enrrdXuvoq5 orqv enrrpdvero ev6gntrcvqrrl; Arroroloyrlor€ rqv ordvrqorlpcor(6;revor oe v6proug rrlg guorrrlg.p) Koecbg ivo ovrrreipevo onopor<privrror o-nd rr1 fr1, ro pdpog rou 6ropr<rig elqrrc6ve-rqr. lloro eivcr orprpc6g n oxion rou pdpougpe rqv andmoorl ond ro rivrpo rns fns;

3.41. Iro prplio rov Principia o Ne6rorvneprypdger ;re 6vo <voqrrr6 rreipopro 146opugoponoirlorl prcg nirpcg. floror qrovor oulloyropof rou;

3.42. f rs rd0e 6qog ndvo anri rr; fq u-ndple r pr6vo pio rrprl rq5 ralirrlrog yrorr1 Eopugoponof4oq ev6g ovrrrerpdvou oe

oprolrl rurfur<r1 r<ivqoq. l-rcri; An6 rr e{ap-rdror 11 rrpq ourrlg rrlg ruXdrrlrog; Arror-otroyrlore rqv anrivrqoq.

3.43. Tr triyerar opprl uhxoi orlytiou;Ttldyerar opp r7 ouc,rrlyoroq; l-1c65 6raruncir-v€ror rl oppl 6rorqpqorl rns opprj5; |-169pnoporipe, poor,]Spevor orous vrurcDvr-rodg vdpoug rr15 rivqorlg vo rcrotrq{oupeorrlv oppl rr15 6r<rrlpqons rqs opl.ins;

3.44. Ko0rilg ro 5ntro €KnupooKpor€f €Kr-vdooercr fipos rlv ovri0erq r<ore60uvor1.To cporvdpevo ld1,s1q' ovdrpouorl, An6 rre{cprdror q rcl6rqro rrlg ovdr<pouoqg;l-kil5 pnopotiH€ vo olrovrrlooupre poor(6-

l.r€vor orlv opx4 rns Erarr1pqoqg rns op-

Fns;3.45. fleprypdrprt rpio yeyov<ira 4 e{ifu{r1rcov onoiorv prrollei vo npoptrerpOtf pdoerrns opX4S rqg 6rcrrrlpqons rns opF45.

It[c cvcprot4$oiipe...

3.46. l-lora 0116 r,r rrapordr<o cxvrrxefpevce r64trrivouv eloorr r6r-qro oXqporog;ivo roppdrr nlcrretrivrl5 6vo proldrr

TOU T€V|S

dvc r<oppdrr orppo\i{ ivo etrorrlpro;rio orodhv4 oqoipo ivo trdorXo

3,47. Lopcpavo F€ rov v6po rou Hooke or. . . . . . . r rqpqpopgcooer5 eivar

. npos rg orrieg or onoieg rrgnporotrodv. Er6rr<d yrc rqv enr;.r4ruvorl s-v65 elo'rqpiou o vdyog Srqrurrc6veror qn6rqv e(iooorl F : k A0 orqv onofa ro F rrq-prmdver rrlv aorc6pevrl oro elorrlpro 6rj-vopr l / ro k. . . . . . . . . . . . . Kqr ro A0

....... rou etrorrlpiou.

H NEYTONIKH:YNOEIF]

-e

Page 137: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Eog (4ro6pe va oupntrrlpr6oere rq revd.

3.48. Ario 6uvd;.rer5 F', : 1,6 N rot F, = Q,4N Fe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . roreu06vo€lS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .oro i6ro avrxe ipevo Erot dsort rl ouvtoro-pivrl rou5 vo sivor totl ltt 1 ,2 N ror vo iXe rrnv i6 ro rore 60 uvorl p € r r lv

Eog (rlroripe vo oupnlqprrioere ro revd.

3.49. l-1ore5 on6 rrg ar6}ou0eg npordoerg6ev eivqr odprpoveg F€ rnv oprororefurrlguorrrl;a) Mro nirpo nigrer npos r0 xdro peoro0eprl rcrXfrqro nou ra0op((ersr orrdro pdpog rq5.p) H frl core i efu<rrr<q 66vcpr1 m4 lel4vq.y) fldv<rl oe opr(6vrro rrvoripevo pilog e-vepyei pr6vo ro pdpog rou (Avriorooq oi-po crpelqrio).

3.50. Mro 6tivop4 F crvql6ercr oe 66o rd-0ereg ouvror<ioeg F, r<cr Fr. Av eivor 0 qy<lrvio r<ov F" r<ot Fo) F>F* p) F<Fy y) F" = Frlpe6) F'] = F,'? + Fu' s) F., = FqHO or) F* = Fouv0

Me noro o116 ourd oup<pove ire;

3.51 . O cle{rnr<oorr15 ni<pre r pe oro0epqrcrXdrqro. Iro orlor4po <dv0porno5-otre-

{inroro> qorodvrqr I 66voprq PdpoS tg)Kor pro 66vcpr1 (F) on6 rov aipc.o)HFefuorrorordpugq p) B>Fy)H F6rorr lpeircrmoOep4 6)F = BMe rroto qrr6 ourd oupgcove ire; Arrqrolo-yqore rqv cndvrrloq.

3.52. Mro prrpq ocpoipo xrv€irqr pe oraOe-p4 ro16rqro. Irrl ocpoipo qoro6vror ou-velu.rg rpe rg oro0epdg Euvdper5. Iro nq-pordro oX4pCI o1e6rd(ovror p6vo 66oon'cur iq.

IXe6rdore r4v rpirq 66vopq. Arxcrotroyr]-ore rrlv orrdrr4oq oa5.

3.53. 'Evo orlpe ro16 ovrrreipevo oxrvqre(un6 rqv eni6pcorl rprciv 6uvd;.reov. Or66o on'ourdg iXouv ioo pirpo Kor oxn-pori(ouv yo'ric 120 porpr6v. Ncl xdvere d-vo oXrl;.ro rcr vo orlprerrio€r€ rS rp€r5 qu-rig 6uvdper5.

3.54. Mnope i fvo orrlpo, oe xdnoto orry-

;rq, nop6tro rrou 6dXeror 66vcpq (ouvrorq-pdvq) va pqv iXer rcrXdrqro; Eivor 6uvor6vvo dXer raX6'rr1ro ev<6 q 66vapq (ouvrorc-pivq) 0o e ivar p46iv; Arriore ivo nopd-6erypo yro r<6:0e nepinr<oor1.

3.55. I' dvo uplrd or<ivqro ocirpc ooref-rar mcOeprl (ouvrorcpivq) 66vopq.

floreg an6 rrg nopondvro ypogrxig no-pcordoerg r ivGr a6dvarov vo neprypd-gouv rrlv e{itrr{q rqg rrvqorl5 roul To xrroprordver r-4 0ioq rou dvnK€rpfvou rorro u rrlv ruXrlrqrd rou.

3.56. H errrrriXuvoq ev65 o6poro5 oe xd-nora Xpovrr<4 orry;rr1 r<c0op(crcr:s) cnd rrlv 'roX6r4ro., cr6 14 prd(o rouociporog ror on6 rrl ouvroropivq rcov o-oroupdvrrlv oro oc6pro 6uvdpeolvp) pdvo ond rr1 ouvrorcpiv4 rcov ooKou-pdvov oro o<6pro 8uvdpecovy) on6 rr1 pir(o rou oc6porog ror on6 rqouvroro;rivq rcov 6uvd;recov6) on6 rqv'ro16rqrc rqr ond r4 pd(orou or6poro<;.t\1i. noro qnd, qurd oupgove ire;

3.57, Zt ivo rrplrd arivqro ovrrreipevo I,qoreirqr (ou'.rrmapivq) 66vopr1 F ondre r1

12

gogi rfvqo4g

t l t t t t t tt t t l

NEYTON KI.] :YNOEIH

Page 138: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rox6rrlrd rou ouq,dv€r odpgtovCI pt rnypu<prrr1 nopdo'rooq A. Mro 66vopq iorl

Fr rrlv F ooreirqr oe ivu rillo owrxei;revoI, r<or 4 ra1tirqrd rou ou{dver oripcpcovop€ rq ypoqrKq nopdoroorl B q oroia ep-qovi(eror oe rorv6 6rdypoppo pr rr lvnpoqyo6pevrl.

t

Io5 (qrodpe vo ouyrpivere rr5 pd(e5 r<ov66o ovrrrerprdvcov rqr vo 6rroroloyrloerer4v dnoqq oog.

3.58. H pd(o ev65 ori;rcro5o) e(oprdror arr6 rrlv rrprl rq5 popurrrrl5errrrdXuvoqg'rou r6rroup) iler o4 yovd6o perp(osog ro 1 Ny) anoreleiro pdrpo rq5 o6pdverdg rou6) e ivqr iorl pe ro yrv6prevo rou pdpoug enirrlv enrrdXuvoq rns pap6rqrcqe) iXer rqv i6ro rrprl oe onoro6rprore 6qrogsrr6 ro i6orpo5.Me norq on6 ourd ouprpalveire;

3.59. Ynori0ercrr 6rr ro novrfrr erro€ederrr1 o<poipo rorox6purpo fipos ro rrdvo.Ie rqOivo qn6 rc rpic ol4porq nopr-ordverqr q orpoipo os rpers 6rugoperrrdgorry;.rig rqg rivqoq5. Iog (qro6;re vo orl-per6oere rr5 6uvdper5 rrou coro6wor orrlogoipo orrs rp€rs ourig lpovrrig orrypig.No ayvorloere rqv ovrimcorl rou cipo.

3.60. An<i rr5 ncpordrol tri{eig ror e{roc6-osrs vo 6rcli{ere'n5 rcrrdll4}eg c6ore voye;rioouv rs revri rou rerpivou:AIAOOPETIKE: o h = 112 gt. KENOY .ME|MYTEPH AIIO . I :H ME O h:112 8T'. MAZA TOY o MIKPOTEPH ANO .EAEYOEPH . By',PIAI . TPITO o NPOTO .AEYTEPO O I:E):'Evcl popi6r rqr rlvq repdor oqrjvovrcr on6ro i6ro rjrpo5 ror errelo6v rrrrilorlpdoo oe o<ol4vrr To Bopi6r ei-vor 10 rpopi5 ptrprlrepo qnd ro repdor. H66vopq rrou qoreio nlav4rqg [q oro re-pdor e ivor .. curq rrou qorei

oro.............. H errrrdXuvorl rou po-

pr6ro6 eivar .... rrlv enrrdXuv-orl rou repoorod. H ;rd(o rou pcpr6rori ei-vor .,............... cnr6 rq pd(o rou repcororl.H Oioq rou rep,ooroti rord rqv nrc6oq 6i-veror srr6 rrlv r[ioooq Molov6-rr or corori;r€vE,S oro 66o oc6pcro 6uvd-perg eivcr ..,.. or ernrcxxrlvoergrou5 e(vor . 616rr o6pg<rlvo perov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vdpo rou Nedrcovo qetrrrdXuvoq evds o<6Forog ro0opf(erarror orr<i rrl ................

3.61. Av o Xpuci6g noufu<irsv pe ro pdpo5,

nod 0q {rov nro oupr<pipov vo rov cr},opd-

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

I

e

Page 139: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

oouFt/ orrl IroKX6^pq 4 ornv Kopdla; Avnoulriror ot 1t6(a,0c e rXe ro;.rrd 6ro<po-

PcI)

3.62. Me noreg o116 rrg nopordrco npord-oa5 oul.rgcovrire;o) To pdpo5 evdg oripcrog eivor ioo ;;e royrvdprevo rq5 pd(og rou en( rr1 popurrr<r1rnrrdXuvor.l.p) H rlp4 rr15 popurrrrl5 enrrdluvols e-{oprdror qrr6 ro Bdpog rou oc6porog.y) O l6yo5 rov pa(c6v 66o ocopdrolv e ivorioo5 pe ro l6yo rorv popc6v.

3.63. Mrq prxprl o<poipo ovonq6r6vrogoro i6o<pog 6roypd<pe r rr lv rpoXrd rouoXrlporog. IXe6rdore rrg 6uvdper5 rrou o-orodvror orq o<poipo 6rov 6r6p1erqr orrdrrg 0ioe rg A, B, C, D rqr E. Ayvoqore rqv c-vrioraoq rou afpo.

3.64.'Evo rrpc6rro pdpou5 60 N ppiorerorpioo oe ooovoip ro onofo ave poive I preoro0epq rcrXrirrlro.a) H 66vopq rqv onoio oore i ro rrB<6rrooro 6dne6o eivcr ro pdpog rou rrporriou.p) H 66vop11 rqv onoic qore i ro r<rB<o'rroo'ro 6dnE6o eivor iorl pe 60 N.y) H 6tivapq rrlv onoia core f ro 6dne6ooro rrpc6rro bivar io4 (r<crd ;-rirpo) pe rq

I

e

H NEYTONIKH IYNOEIF]

66vop4 rrou crore i ro rrp6rro oro 6dne6o,ove {dprrlro on6 ro rrcirg rrve iror ro o-oovoip.6) H 66vopq rrlv onoio ooK€r'ro 6dne6ooro rrpoirro r;ivor ioq (rord pirpo) pe ro

Bdpo5 rou rrpiolisr.e ) H 6rivopq 'rqv orroio oorei ro 6dne 6ooro rrpc6rro e ivor peyohirepq ond 60 N.Me rroro 0rr' rlurd oupr<potve ire;

3.65.'Evog prrpr<dpqg ppioreror yioo oepdpr<a, 6epivrl oe rdnoro on6oraorl on6rnv rrpoKUl-roio. Tpopc6vrog ro ororvi 0ororocpdpe r vcr ntrrlordoe r rqv npor<u;.rcior<or vo pye r dlrrl. I-lcrl5 ro e{r1ye ire;

3.66. Iu(rlrqort ou'rd nou npoplfnerevo ouppe i orov elepeuvqrq, lprlorponorc6-vros Kor rr1 y7,<ilooo rqg rpuorrrl5.

3.67. Lt r<oro<dpucpo oarlqvc rono0ero6-vrqr 66o poptidpopcpor palvrlreg or onoiorroopponodv 6ncog oro oX4po.

o) Ile6rdore rr5 6uvdper5 rrou qorco6vrqroro rd0e pcr\,,/{rn X<oprord.p) Av ro pdpo5 r<d0e Fcryvnrn eivot B, n6-or1 eivar 11 661'opq nou ooK€iror oro nuO-

Page 140: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Fivo rou oolrlvo;Arrorotroyqore rqv ondvrrloq.

3.68.'Eva5 prrp6g rdpo5 ofuo0aiver oe opr-(6vrro rpond(r pe o'roOeprl raX6rrlrc. Oe-opovrog rrlv rprprl oprel4rdo vo or1;re r<rrot-re rr5 6uvdperg nou oor<otivrot orov xfpo.

3.69. florq eivor q iv6e r{r1 rou 6uvopopi-rpou;

3.70.'Evo <plrr(cvr AryGer 3 N ror ppiorerarrrdvo oro rpa.r'€(t O ouvretremrlg morr-xq5 rprp45 eivor 0,4. H morrrq rprp4 rqv o-noio ooxeiro parrt(t mo <pfur(dvra) e ivor 6uvordv, rdrrD qrr6 rrpoUno0i-oas/ v0 eivqr 1 Np) e fvor 6uvordv, rdrco on6 npounoOd-oas/ v0 e fvor 1,5 Ny) eivor 6uvor6v, xdro on6 rrpoOnoOd-o€rS, v0 e ivor ;lq6iv6) e ivar iorl ps 1,2 N drav enire rror oli-o0qoqe) e ivqr foq -rord pdrpo- pe r11 ororrrrlrprprl rrou oor<ri ro rpfut(dvr or-o rponi(r.Me rroro o116 ourd oupgcoveire;

3.71. 'Evo pop6 rcpc6rro ohoOaive r npos rordrrrr oe rerhpivo errire8o. Av eivor B ropdpog rou, T 4 rprprl olioOr1o4g, 0 11 ycrrvicrou rerfupivou errrrri6ou, p o ouvretreorqgrprp4s ror F* q ooro6pevq rd0erq cwi6pa-orl.c) T = B4p0 p) T : pBouv0 y) F- : Brlp06) T: pF- e)T<84p0 or)T : pBr1p0Me rrorq qn6 qurd oupcp<ove ire;

3.72.Kffia rqv opotrq rurfurrl rivrloq ev65wrrxerpdvou q revrpopdtrog 66vop11q) eivqr q ouvroropdvq dlcov rcov 6uvdpe-ov fiou ooro6vrqr oro ovrrre ipevo

B) 6rarqpeiror oro0epq

y) iXer rore60uvoq rTpos ro rivrpo rrlgrpoXrdg6) eivqr ouvelcir5 xdOerq orrlv rcXdrqrorou ovrrrerpdvoue) eivor ioq ;rr ro yrvdpevo rqg pd(oq enfrqv roXrir4ro rrl)os rqv orrfvc rrls rpo-

xrdsor) eivor prro 6dvoprl rrlv onoio oore i ro q-vrrrefpevo oe oc6pro rou neprpdllovrog() iler crl5 orrord,\eopa rq peropolq orqvxore60uvoq rqg lcrX6r4rog11) i1e r o5 cnortleopo rq ;rercpol4 rq5raX6rqrog0) eivor ioq pe ro yrv6prevo rqg pd(cg enirqv errrrdXuvorl rou rrvr1ro6.Me rroro snd ourd oupgarve irt;

3.73. Iag (qro6pe vc oXotrrdorre ro en6-uevo oxiroo.

3,74. Ag uno0iooupe drr ppror<6ocore rrd-v<o orrlv enrcpoverc rou qcyyqprori 1.rro pe-ydtrq nopia rcr dvo5 on6 rqv nopio qrovo r6pro5 nou noZdper orrlv goroypocpio.

o) flrorerjere 6rr0o rlrov ro i6ro66orcolo doo rqrorr l fq vG rovor1 rr6oere t t rq-tr6re po onrj roi6ogog;p) flroretiere d'rr0o qrov ro i6ro66orolo 6oo rqrorrl l-q v0 rovonpc6{ere pe ro

Xipra oog, ov r6Xe r vo 0upcrroert pa((rou; Ar r<croloy(ore rrg onavrqoerg.

H NEYTONiKH:YNOE:H

-e

Page 141: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

3.75. Tr 0a ouvdporve orq Ielqvqo) Av dnoue vo undpXer q noyrcdopro fl-c^.Sl l r

p) Av oroprcro6os vo fisplgip€ror ytlpo0n' 1n l-n;

3.76. Zoyvcs rcx rror6rd pcr lro6v (rr ou-yr<pore i ro <pryydpr orov oupav6;> Tr and-vrrlorl 0o pnopodoore vo 6r.rroere;

3.77.Kol6 rqv opolrl xurlrrl rivqoq ev6g6opugdpou ydpro crl6 rq fqo) q enrrdXuvon rou 6opurpdpou eivor iorl

;re rq yqrvq pcpurrr( enrrdXuvoq oro 6-qros rrou ppior<eror o 6opu<p<lpogp) 11 enrrdXuvorl rou 6opu<pdpou eivor iorlpe ro rerpdyovo rrls roX6rqrd5 rou 6rqrqv cxrivc rq5 rpold5y) q raXdrrlro rou Eopugdpou e{aprdrorond rq ;.rd(o rou 6opugdpou.Me rroro orrd ourd ou;.rgcoveire;

3.78. Tr eivor nro 66orotro vo 6opucpopo-norqooupe, ivov cvonrqpo r1 pro Foroor-xlfrq;Yno'ri0erqr 6rr or 6opucpoponor(orr5 0oy(vouv oro i6ro 6qog on<5 rq [q. Arr<cro]o-yqore rqv crrrivrqorl.

3.79. To 6roorqp6nloro ev6g aorpovorjrqnl4ord(er oe ivo dyvcooro nlavrlrrl o o-noio5 dXer iva 6opucpdpo. O ampovo6rqgrorc<pipve r vc perprloe r rqv crrivc rountrovqrq, rrlv arrivo rqg rurfurrlg rpoXrd5rou 6opucp6pou Kor rnv nepio6o rn5 n€pr-qopds rou 6opurpdpou. florc cn6 ro nc-por<drro peyiOq 0c pnoporioe va unoloyi-o€r, Xpnorponorc6vro5 ro cnoreliopororrov npoqyo6pevov perpqoeolv;o) rq pd(c rou nlovrpq0) rn pd(c rou 6opucp6pouy) rqv drpoogolprKrl nieoq orqv enrrpd-v€rq rou ntrovqrrl6) rrlv enrrdluvorl rrls pap6rqrog orqv €-rrupdvero rou nlcvqrq.

H NEYTONIKH IYNOE>I1

3.80. Ac6ore pro e((yqoq orov 6rdloyo.

3.81 . O ylyov rog ror o vdvo5 rdvouv rrqrt-vd( orqv i6ro rriorq. IE rdnoru orryprl rorevc6 eivqr oKrvqror o yryovrcg 6iver orovvdvo prc onp<l{rd. Ic5 (qrodp€ vo ou-yrpivere :o) rr1 6rivopq rrou core i o yryovrog orovvdvo pre rq { i r ivopq rrou oore i o vdvc,5orov yryavrop) rqv enrrdXuvo4 nou onoxrd o yiyo-vros Fs rqv enrrdXuvoq lrou onorrd ovdvog

]) rr lv opprl nou cnorrd o yryovrog perrlv opp4 noLr qroxrd o vdvog.Tprpdg opetrqrdeg. Nc 6rr<oroloyrloere rrgorrovrrloe rg []oor(dpevor oe cpuorxorig vd-pous.

3.82. flord crrd ro nopordro <porvtipeva0a pnopotio(Ip€ vo ;relerrloou;re poor(d-prvor Kqr orrlv aplq r4g 6rorrlprlonq rqsoPpns;o) Eleri0eprl nrc6orl p) Avdr<pouorl rrupo-p<ilou y) Kivr;or1 ev<ig Sopucpdpou 6) Kiv4-or1 nupc6lotr e) Kpo6orl cvdpeoc oe pni-fue5 rou pnrlrdp6ou.

I

e

Page 142: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Sc l*0ooupe npoPlrfipcta

3.83. H po0potr6yr1oq ev69 elorrlpioui6ooe ro or6trou0o qrroretrioporo:

Bripos (oe N) 1,0 1,5 2.0 2.5 3,0 3.5 4'0

Mriros (oe mm) 48 54 60 66 72 78 84

q) Korooreudore dvo 6raypoppo pdpou5-prlroug elorqpiou. Atontorr6vete cvotroyiowdpeoo mqv od{4or1 rou pdpou5 Kor orrlvavrfmorX4 enrp4 ruvoq rou elorqpiou;p) H ronoOirqorl ev65 oc6poro5 orov 6i-oro gipve r rov 6eiXrq orqv fv6e r{r1 67.floro eivsr ro pdpo5 rou ocirporo5; floloeivor q pd(a rou;y) florq 0o eivor 11 Odoq rou 6er1t4 ov ro-rro0er4ooup€ orov 6ioro qvrtKefpevo ;'rd-(os 0.075 kg;

3.84. 'Evo protri dler riooeprg tewopiveg

1op6ig nou orrlpi(ovrct ndvo o' ivqv<rrrnio> 6no5 oro aXnprq. H rdoq rd0e

Xop64S eivqr 80 N. H yovia rrou olqpcri-(ouv rc 66o rp4poro rdOe 1op6r15 eivor150". Ynoloyime rq 66vapr1 nou qore(rot

orov "rrrrriq> crr6 rtg 1op6i5. No Oecoprl-oere yvoo'r6 dT t ouv 75' = 0,26.

3.85.'Evo ovrtxet;levo rtveirqt pe mo0eprlroXtirrlro evri cxorodvrot o' cur6 rpe t56uvd;rerg. H pio dXet rrlv rareuOuvorl rrlsraX6rrlro5 rot 1td-rpo 2,2 N, 11 dllq i1e rptrpo 3,7 N xartidOuvorl cvri0erq rrls ro-

Xdrqra5: No nprr6ropioere tqv rpirrl 6ii-voprl nou oore irot oro ovrtxefpevo.3.86. :' fvo yrx6l6 rlvodpevo ovrtxe lpevoGoKodvrot ouvoTrtrd rptts ordOtpi5 6uvd-

trrer5. Or 66o on' ourdg iXouv rqv i6to ro-re60uvo4 rot pr i rpo F, = 0,6 N rat Fr :

1,1 N ovriororXu. H rpirq f1e t ovtiOerqrore0Ouvor'1 rot lirpo F3 -- 1,7 N. To oc6-

po prioo oe 3 6riurep6lenro peroroni-(eror eugdypCIFptCI xard 24 ;rirpo. Kordn6oo 0o p€rq'rofirorei ro en6Prevo 76eurep6trenro;

3.87, Ee ivo opXrxd oxivqro ovrtxeipevopdloS 0,2 kg qc'xe(ror (ouvroroprivq) 66-vopq 0,8N. Io-c (rlrofpe vo rrpoo6ropi-oere o) rrlv enrrdXuvoq rou p) q 0ior1rou prerd 2 s.

3.88. Ie ivo opXrrd arivqro ovttxe(pevoooreiror (ouvroropdvq) 66vopr14 N. Me-rd ond, 2 s 11 ruXdrrlrq rou ovrtretp6-vou eivot B m/s. Iog (rlrofpe vs urrolo-yioere 11 pd(o rou ovrtretpivou.

3.89. Ie ivo plrcpd ovrtxeipevo, crpXtrdoxivrlro, qoreitot otoOeprl 66vopr1 (ou-

vroroprivq) ioq .re 0,4 N. flou 0o ppiore-

ror ro ovrrref;'tevo dorepc o116 rrdvre6eurep6lento; H yd(a rou eivqt 0,1 kg.

3.90. Kqrd rrlv tuOrlypoppq rivqoq evd5 o-vrrrerpdvou pdZ,sS 3009 11 roX6rrlrd rouperopdtrtreror o6pgtovo pe ro ypdcpqpo.Ero owtreipevo oorodvrqr 66o 6uvdper5.

m/s

-e

H NEYTONIKH:YNOE:H

Page 143: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H pic iler yfipo 2,5 N rcot rqv rorerj0uvoqrqg rivqoq5.No npoo6ropioere rc ororXeio rr15 dllrlg.

3.91. Kpe pdpe ivo orporpi6ro oro drpo e-vdg 6uvopdp€rpou Kor 6ropd(oupe rrlv iv-6erlq 3 N. Kdvoupe ro i6to pfoo oe cvep-

Xdpevo coovoip rar 6ropd(oupe 3,2 N.floro sivqr 11 enrrdXuvorl rou ooovoip;

3.92. Ie ivo rou'r( pd(og 300 g ro onoio ort-vrlre indvor oe opt(dvrro rpond(r qoKeirct

oro0ep( opr(rivrro 6rivcprl 2,5 N rct ro ovr-refprevo rrveirqr pe mo0eprl enrrdluvoq 2 m/s.Yndpf'e r rpr p( ; Ar rorotroyqore rrlv anavrqorl.

3.93.'Evq prrcpd ovrrefpevo ogqveror ndvcooe rerhpdvo enine6o ror otrtoOqivet rrpos rordrro. No npoo6ropfoere a) rrlv enrrdXuvorlrou Kor p) rq 0ior1 rou perd qnd 1/10 rou6eurepolinrou. H rprprl Oecopeiror opelqr6o.

3.94. Atio ov'rrxei;revo pe pd(eg 520 g rcor500 g cxvrimorlc npoo6ivovror oro drpoev6g vrlporog ro ofioi'o 6ripXeror qn6 aKi'-v4rr1 rpoXclkt (.ror c5o-re 'ro ivq vc rorip-

X€ror Kor ro dMo vc ovtipXerot. No rrpoo-6ropioere rqv enrrdXuvorl rdOe avrtretpi-vou. f16oe5 qopis e ivor prrpdre pq ondr4v errrrdXuvoq rns ele60epqg nrc6oqg;

3.95. To o6orrlpo e ivor opXrrd ariv4ro yrorirdnorog ro ouyrporei. 'Orov ro ofmqpo o-geOef eleriOepo ro rouri I' rordpXeror Kor otivc 6eurepdlenro onorrd ruX6rrlro 1,2 mls.

Io5 (11ro6;re vo npoo6ropioereo) rqv enrrdXuvorl 'rou 2', p) rr1 6iivopqrrou ooKer ro revrorpivo vrl;rc mo I' ror y)ro pdpog rou I.H pd(o rou I' eivqr 150 ypoppdpta. Tptpqcpelrlrio.

F] NEYTON KF] IYNOE:H

3.96. Kdnoro5 onp6per ro rtpc6rto I, o-orr ivrc5 oprt(<ivr to 66vopr11 0,6N. Nonpoo6ropioeleo) r4v rorvrl enrrdxuvorl rov 66o rrpo-rirovp) rq 66vopr1 rrlv onoio oore i ro rrpc6rroI, mo Ir.y) rr1 6rlvc;rq rqv onoio ooref ro I, oro I.' .Or pd(eg rcrlv:r ror I, eivot ovrimorla 200g r<or 100 g. H rprprl 0ecr.rpe iror o;rel4rio,

&dblE.

3.97. To ropiror e ivor 52 rr-ld xar ppioreror pioo oroaoovoip ndvo oe (uyo-prd.Icg (qrodpe vc trpoo6to-pioere rq 66vc;rq fiou 0-orei orq (uyoprd drqv roooavoipo) rorepoiver ;-re oro0epq ro-

Xrirqro, p) rorepoiver Fr snr-rdXuvoq 2 mls', \) ove po(verpe moOeprl raX6rrlro.

3.98.'Evo avrrrefpevo E oe oXrlpo r<6pou d-

Xer pdpoq 1ONl xor ppiorercr ndvo oe cpe-rarivqrq pdorl ;.re opr(dvrra ettgdvero. Mendoq opr(6r ' r ro 66vopq npinet va roonpc6{oupe r6ore vo ro ;reroruvrlooupsorr5 treprrrroroas fiou s) ro I efvqr qrod-trrvo ror n Fdon on<j arodh 0) to I eivct o-nd,ctroupivro ror q pdorl ond orodfu y) roI eivqr qrodhvo ror 11 pdorl on6 oloupivto6) ro I e ivor yudtrrvo rcr q pdoq an6 yuctrfe) ro I eivar crrr6 trdorrXo r<or 4 pdorl on6prre rdv (Avoi]11rrlor€ rous ouvretre origororrr(g rprprjg mo crXertr6 recpdtroroT ouprpliou).

I

h

e

Page 144: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

3.99. Iro r<dprr<5, o Iofneppav rororpip-v€r vo oroporrloe r dva rpoprrly6 peydtr4groXtirrlrog, revrcr-lvovrc5 ro ldpr rou Kolpivovrag m<ivqrog nporod rov aur6 grd-oer oro oc6po rou. Aei[re drr qurd 6ev

;.rnopei vq e ivor odpgclvo p€ rous guor-ro69 v6pou5 xor drr doeg ;rurrdg 6uvor6-rnr€S Kor vo 6ro0ire r, q 6rivopq fiou qore ipivovrog orivqrog, 6ev pnopef vo [enepd-oer rq piyrorn rprpi cvdpeoo oro n66rorou Kcr mo i6arpo5.

3.100. l-lorq npirrer vq e ivqr q rrpq rqg opr-(dvrra5 66vopq5 nou npirrer vo corei ro-veig o' ivo r<6po 2 kg coore va ouyrporei-ror orov rorlo; O ouvreleorrlg rprpqg e i-vsr 0,4.

3.101. Ie ivo ovr-rreipevo pd(og 400 g roonofo ppfor<€ror or opr(dvrro enrgdveroqoreirqr opr(6vro 66vop4 1,8 N. Merd c-n6 66o 6eurep6trenro ro ovrrreipevo ppi-04re oe ondoraoq ev6g pirpou on6 rqvcppr<r1 rou 0ioq. Iog (qrodpe vo npoo-6ropfoere o) rqv enrrdXuvorl rou ovrrKa-pivou p) rqv rrprl rrlg rprprl5 11 onoio c-orrl0r1re o' ourd y) rov ouvreleorrl rprpq5olioOqoqg.

3.102.'Evo prr<p6 r<ouri ppiorcerar oe rerfu-pivo errirre6o y<oviog 45 porprirv ror otrr-o0qiver fipos ro rdro pe ora0epq errrrd-Xuvoq 3m/s'. Iog (4ro6pe va npoo6ropGo€r€ rov ouvreleor( rprp4S olio0r1or1q.

3.103. 'Evo ouror ivqro 1200 kg nofpve rorpogq oe opr(6vrro o6dorpropo pe rcrXri-rr1'ro 54 km/h. H qrrivq rou r6(ou eivor60 ;ritpo, H ororrrcrl rprprl 0u le rroupyq-o€r a;S revrpopr6log 66voprq. 116oq 0o ef-vor 11 rrpq rqs;

3.104. 'Evo cvrrreipevo 0,5 kg rrveiror ru-x.trrrd pe roldrqro 4 m/s rcor 6rcr-rrorc6ve-

rqt 6rt I ouvrorcrpivq rcov 6uvdprov fiouuorodvrqr o' sol6 eivor 8 N. Nq unolovi-o€r€ rrlv orrivs rqg rpold5 Kor rrlv fi€-pio6o rqg opalrl< r<uxfur<r15 rivqoqg.

3.105.'Evo ;.rrrpd o<porpi6ro rrveirqr rurfu-rd ndvco o' ivo lponf(r, 6epivo oro drpoev6g 6uvc;rdp€rl)ou ro dllo drpo rou o-noiou npoo6dvelsr oe prrp6 rorordpucpoorepeoprivo ro5lgi orqv errrgdvrro rourpore(rod. Arorrrmcirverol drr ro 6uvcp<i-perpo 6eilver 6rapr6g 3 N evcir ro ogarpf-6ro xdver 10 rrirlou5 oe 16 6e urepdlenra.No unoloyiosrs rrlv rcrxtirrlra rou o(pqr-pr6fou rcr rr1 pdi,o rou. H qxrivc rou rrj-rlou rqg rurfurrl; rpoXrdg eivor 30 rKqro-ordperpo r<or q rprpq Oeorpe irar opelq-rdo,3.106.'Evo ogorpiSro 200 g r<rveiror rurfu-rd oe rsrox6puc2o enine6o oro drpo re-vropivou vrlpor<4 30 cm. Ie rroreg 0ioergl ' l ouvroroHivr l r<ov ooroup6vtov oroogorpi6ro 6uvdpecov eivor ioq pe ro yrvd-p€vo rrls prd(og rcu ocporpr6iou rni rqv re-vrpopdtro enrrdl"rvorl rou;Io5 (qro6pe vo rrpooSropioere rq 66voprrlrrou oorti'ro orp,rrpibro oro vrlpo 6rqv roogorpfiro 6rip1e-or on6 rqv cvc6reprl 0i-oq ;.re rcrXrjrr;ro (),5 m/s.

3.107. To ivc drpo vrlpcrog 80 cm npoo-6iveror oe oporprl. Iro dllo dr<po npoo66-veror ivo cvrrreipevo ro onoio €vspyofior-e frqr iror c6o're vo e xrelei o;rolq rurhrrlrivqo4 oe opr(6r'rro r<6r<tro ro0ols ro r€-vr<l;rdvo vr1;ro Orx 6roypdrpe r rovrr<r1 errr-cpdvero ror q yovfo rou vrlporog ps rrlvroroxdpurpo 0o e ivor 6rapr65 ioq pe 30;roipe5, Io5 (qro6pe vo unoloyfoere nd-oo 1p6vo 0a 1pe rri(eror ro ovrrrce ipevo yrovc oupntrqpov€l go neprorporprl.

3.108. Ie rjgog 300 ptrropirp<rrv on6 rqverrtgdvero rns fn; q pcpurrrq rnrrdXuvoq

I

e

H NEYTONIKH:YNOE:H

Page 145: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

eivcr 8,93 m/s'. floro 0o eivor ro pdpo5 xcrrl pd(o evdg reXvrlrod 6opu<pdpou, o onoi-oS oro i6c<pog iler pdpo5 5000 N; Irqv e-rrgdvero rns fns r1 popurrr<q enrrdXuvorlvc Oeorpq0e i 9,81 mls'.

3.109. Av eivor R 11 cxrivo rrls frls, ro pd-pos FtCIS yuvoiro5 oe <611.ro9 R on6 rrlv e-nrcpdverc rrls fns eivor 140 N. fl6oo eivorro pdpog rns CI) orqv enrrpdvero rrlg l-45;p) oe an6orcoq 30R on6 ro rdvrpo rountrcvqrrl pog; f16oq ei'vor 11 pd(o rq5;

3.110. Iog (qroripe va unoloyfoerr rrlprd(o rrlg fqg poor(6prevor oro nopurdroororXe io:o) H popurrrrl enrrdXuvoq orrlv errrqd-velq rrls fqg eivor 9,8 mls'.p) To 16{o qrrd rov Bdptro f1dtro pflpr rovlorlpeprv6 e ivor 10.000 Xrh6;rerpo.y) H oraOepd rqq ncryr6oprag dl{r1g eivar6,67 10" 'N m'kg' ' .H fq vo 0eopr10e i o<porpr16 oc6pro.

3.111. 'Evo cvrrreipevo ppiorercr oe rirgog630 Xrtrropfrpov urr6 rr1y4rvr1 enrgdvero.Me noro roXrjrqro rrpiner vo erro{euOeicr.lo're vo yive r 6opugdpos o€ Kurtrrr<( rpo-

1d; Ie n6oo Xptivo 0o oupnlrlpriver prcnepr<piperc; Afveror I pd(q rr15 fr15 6 10"kg, 11 arrivo rqs l-qs 63701fud;rerpq Kqr rloroOepd rrlg ncryr6oproq dl{49 6,67 10''N m'kg- ' .

3.112. Bao(6pevor o) orov vdpo rrlg no-yr<6oprog itr€nS, F) orov 6edrepo vdpo rq5rivqoq5, y) orqv e{iotrlo4 yro rrlv Ksvrpo-p6lo enrrdXuvorl, 6) orrl oXdoq rr15 rcr16-rnros/ orrivog rpoXrd5 rar rreprd6ou oepro opolr'1 rurfurq rivqorl ror ono6e16pe-vor 6rr or rpolri5 r<ov rrlovrpc6v ydpru o-n6 rov'Hho eivor rurtrrri5, oog (rlrodpevc ano6ei{ere 6rr ro rerpdyovo rt.trv rr€-pr66<ov r<rrv rrlcvrlrr6v efvor ovdloyc

fipos rous rrj pou5 rov snoordoecov 'rougqn6 rov'Htrro.

3.113. A6o m,rrxe ipevo ioolv po(6v oro o-noio 4 pdvq <xor<o6prevq 66vo;rr1 eivcr 11 pre-ro{ri rou5 nrryr<6o;,rro il{r1 exrelo6v opo-14 xuxfuxr] Krvrlorl orrlv (6ro rpoXrd. Iog(qro6pe, poc'r(6pevor orous quorKotig vd-poug o) vo a'no6ei{,ere 5rr ro 66o qvrrre i-pevc npiner vo ppiorovror 6roprc65 oradrpo prog 6r,rpirpou, p) vo unoloyioererqv roX6rrlro r<o0ev65 pe pdorl rq pd(or<o0ev65 Kor r-lv orrivo rou rdrlou. Oeor-peiror yvroo'rr1 4 rrprl rqg oro0epd5 rqqncxyr<ioprog r.l{r19.

3.114. Me pdoq rov oplr<6 oprop6 rns po-vd6o5 7 1t(.rpo q neprcpdpero rrlg fqg tivor40.000 Xrhd;.rerpo ondre o6;rcp<rlvo pe 14lecoperpio -€le<opcrlvro5 rov nlovqrq pogogorprrd ovr-rxe ipevo- 11 oxrivo R rqg f45eivar 40000/l!.n = 6370 xtrrd;.rerpc nepi-rrou. 'EXe r en ior15 urroloyroref drr 4 cn6-orooq r4q frlg on6 rr1 klrlvrl eivor 60 R.Me pdoq ourd ro ororXe ioo) Nc Oe<lp(oere yvoor6 6rr 11 nepio6ogrrf S n€prqoprig rrlg Ie,lqv4g tfuu 27,33 11-

;.ripe5 ror vo unotroyio€rs rnv rolirrlror45 Ietrqvrlg r<ar-d rqv neprgopd rq5 yfpcoan6 rq f4. Buor(<i;revor otqv rrprl r45 ro-

Xdrrlra5 pnopodpe vc unoloyiooupe drr qr<evrpoird,lo5 enrrdXuvoq rqg lelqvq5 ti-van O,27 cm/s'. f1<r:5 ro urroloyi(oupe;p) H papurrr<{ enrrdXuvorl orrlv enrgd-v€rq rrls fqg r,ivor gs : 9,81 m/s'. Ano6eX6-pevor 6rr ro16er o v6po5 rrlg noyrdoprogil{r15 ou;rnepcivoupe 6rr q yqrvq popurr-r<4 enrrdXuvrrl elarr6veror o6;rgovo perq oXiorl g =, go R'/d'6nou d rlon6oroorlcrn6 ro riv'rpo rls fns. f-l<og onoSerr<vrje-rcraurq q olioq;Boor(6prevor o' ourqv pnopo6;re vo ufio-loyiooupe 6rr 11 rpq rr15 popurrrrl5 enrrd-

XUVorlS oe qrr6orqoq 60 R on6 ro r<ivrpo

H NEYTONIKH:YNOFIH

Page 146: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rns fqs tfucx 0,27 cm/s'. flci:S ro unoloyi-(oupe;y) Antl6eXdpevor, ouvenolg, 6rr roX6er ov6po5 rrlg ncyr<do;rrog dtr{r1g 6ranrorc6-voupe drr n y4rvr l popurrr<r1 enrrdXuvoqorqv neproXrl 6nou ppioreror q Ielrlvq eGvor ioq p€ rqv r<evrpolrdlo enrrdXuvoq rqgIetrr1vr1g. Iog (qrodpe vcr ro oXofudoere.

3.115. Tu 66o.ourorivqro rrvodvror qvrf-Oero 6nroq oro cryr1po r<or ouyr<porjovror.

flora roXfrrlro 0o iXer ro orlo'rq;.ro or<pr-p<rr5 perd rr1 o6yr<pouoq;

3.116. 'Eva ocporpi6ro pd(o5 300 g rrvor j-psvo Fs raXrjrrlro 4 m/s npoorrinrer oe q-r ivqro ocporpiEro pdloS 100 g ro onoiocpli(e r vo ruveiror pre raXdlqra 3 m/s. Iog(11ro6;re vo npoo6ropioere rrlv roX6rqrorou peyol6repou ogorprEiou prerd rq o6-

YKpouon.

3.117. L6o;rnilreg, 11 pic (M,) ;rd(o5 80 grcor q dllq (Mr) pd(o5 50 g rrvo6vror 11 pionpos rlv dllrl pe ovri0ere5 roreuO6voergr<or pe roX6rrlrss or onoieg iXouv pirpo 4m/s <qr 2 mls svt.ororxq. Merd rq o6-yKpouorl 11 M., ouvelf(er vs r<rve iror fiposrrlv rore60uvorl fiou erle nprv ond rq od-yKpouoq ;re roX6rrlra 1,5 mls. No npoo-6ropioere rrlv rcrXdrrlra rrlg dtrlr15.

3.118. 'Evo plrlpo 200 g rrvofpsvo opr(6-vrlq p€ 140 rnls erprllvuror ror 6roonrirqroe 66o roppdrc po(cilv 120 g rcr80 g. Topeyaldrepo qn6 ro 66o rrveirar rpos rrlv

i6ro rqre60uvori (nou erle ro plrlpo nprvond r4v drpn€l) pe roXdrqro 200 m/s.Io5 (rlroripe vo npoo6rop(oere rrlv ro16-rrlr0 rou dllou roprpcro6.

3.119. tldvcrr oe opr(dvrto 6rdr6popo ivo o-vrrreipevo M, rrvc6pevo pe oroOeprl raX6-rrlro nlrlord(errpog fvq dtrtro ovrrrsipe-vo M, pe ro ortoio ouyrpoferor Kor ouo-orrlportrrveror. Arjo 6eurep6trerrro rTprv o-tr6 rq odyrpouorl rc 66o ovrrreip€vo q-ne fXov r<urd B r i rpc. Iag (qro6pe vonpoptriqere n6oo 0q ondXouv 6do 6eure-p6lenra ;.rerd rq o6yrpouoq. Or rprpigOeropodvror cpd,r1rie5. H pd(c rou M, ei-vcr 1 kg evc6 11 ;rd:(o rou M, eivor 600 g.

3.1 20. H rondlo rlrov orivqrrl ndvco orrlpdpro ror rdrroru o'rryprq 6or<i;raoe vq rcd-ver pourrd, orrdle q pdpro perorrvqOqrerrpos ro nfool. I-lrrl5 0o pnoporior vo ro

erle npoptrirger fioor(dpevrl ol'ous vdpougrqg guorr<r1g; fldor1 e(var q opgq r4g pdp-r<ag; l-ldor1 eivor 11 roX6rrlro rrlg pdpro5;H r<onitro eivor 6l kg rcor q pdpro 180 kg.

3,121. A6o arroT'rjrolg dporo roporodrroK-' rcar I! ppiorovror oe opr(6vrro rponi(r.Avdpeod'roug urrdpXe r fvo ouone rpc,lpivoelorrlpro lopiq vo rrpoo6iveror oe rcovivoo116 qurd olld ro roporodrro ouyKpq-ro6vror Xdpn o' dvo revrcopdvo vqpo nouro ouvbder. Kd0,: roporodr<r dler pa(a1

I

e

I - ] NEYTONIKH IYNOEIH

Page 147: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

kg aMd ndvco mo K, undpXer iva qvrtxei-

p€vo rou onoiou rq pd(c Oiloupe vd urro-loyiooupe. K6poupe ro vr'1pc on6re ro ro-porodrro onpalypivc ond ro elarrlpro rr-vo6vrqr npog cvrfOereg roreu06voet5.Arcrrrorriveror 6rt rq olYF( nou ro K.' i-

Xe r pero<rvq0ef r<ard 120 cm, to K, fXer pe-rorrvqOe i rord 100 cm. No unotroyioere14 pd(o rou ovrrre tpdvou. H rprpq 0eopei-rcr opelrlrfo.3.122, 'Evo rov6vt efvot orepeotpivo oro6dne6o evdg poyovrod. To poy6vt opXrrd

npsFsi xor pnope i vo rtveirqt X<rlpf5 rpt'pig. An6 ro rcv6vt erro{,e6erot ivo Blrlpopd(oq 5 kg pe opr(6vrtc roX6tqro 15 miscos npos ro i6ocpo5. H ouvolrrq pd(o Bo-

yovrod Kor Kq\/ovtod eivor 15.000 kg.q) nord rcrX6'rr1ro cnorrd to pcry6vr perdrqv errtileuor'1;p) Av ro Fl{po evo<pqvafei oro T orXopcnorq 0q eivor q rcrX6rqra rou oumrlporo5

;.rerd rqv evocopdrorrl ;

3.123. Mro o11e6(o entntriet oto vepd qpe-

;rr1g 0dlcooo<;,'EXe r p(ro5 8 m ror pd(o 35kg. Ero dvo rr15 drpo ppiorerot 6p0ro5 rororivqro5 dvor;dvOpcono5 pdpou5 700 N oonoiog oe rd'nolo orry;rrl oplf(er vo H€ro-rrveirqt rTpos ro dllo drpo pe ora0eprl ro-

1614ro. Iog iir'1ro6pe vo npoptriq-rere rordn6oo 0q iler perorrvq0ei 11 oXe6io 6rov odv0polnog rp3doe r oro drpo rr15. H ovrf-oroon rou vsl)od oeolpeirct o;relrlrio.

-e

H NEYTONIKI >YNOEII

Page 148: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Anoonoopo ono ro 3rB\iol l tn ln Kopq s D€p€vtKqs

rou I rc,rpyou lpop;]orrrorrl

H papunxrl xardppeoorl Trou urrovopttju 6npxdtc, rov aorpx6 pio, 6w anortAti evro6-roq ro y6vo ev6ty61two. Lra roA6 yeydAa aortpto xat pud, rqv txp7€,r1 rou un€pKstvo-gcvo6q, rov rupryva roug aneAd pn vf.a xat 6payanxry aurq ryv gopd, m)avdrqra: Hxardppuorl rrls i6ns rr1s 6Ar:,s!'Orcw ro xard\omo iXet npdyyan pa(a pepx(.q gop&peyaA1rtprl an6 aurrlv rou'HAtou, ot ypayp(.g dltuvdq rou LDS Auxoti vdvoo q aor(.pavupoviruv tivat avioyupte,. H pap1rqra unepwxd, Kat rrl EaNolttwxd aoupnieorrl ogai-pd ruv vupoviwv, nou apXi(ouv trot va egd,nrovrat pera{tj ',-oug. H 6Aq olqytirat otyn xardoraoq ouotdonKrys avorapfiaq. KuptoAexrtxd, ao'r6 roo oyrlyari(erat eivar yrctydtpn onr1. Mn xapmjAworl 6qAa6r1 rou y<bpoo Kat rou ypdvou dn' 6rrou, A6yw rou rt-paorioo papunxo| rt6iou, xcvtvct oupano, a&d pqrc ro i6rc ro Eus eivu 6ovar6v vctano$pdoet.

H patjpq onrl unoiqAutvu (rot ytct neptoy4 rou ytbpou efapenxd pxprl oe 6yxo, 6-nou 11 repdorta 6Aq udq 1vrlorcovrog aoripoq curoavatpdrar [vr6q rqq neproyrlS aurrlS-TTou XxpdKrqprcnxd xaAeirat xar <opi(ovras ytyov6ruw- orrao64nort ouypdv 6ev i.-

Xtt 6uvar6rqra va 6rlAtbo€) rqv nspouoic rou orouq al,t{ut. Tc' orlya rrlg nArlpoEopiaq,onnx6 ( ohxd, 0a inpurt r6re vs oneppei rryv ray1rqra rou qtar6g' xat sur6 eivcu tvctaftn(.pcoro epn66rc. Eyn66rc, pdfuora,, rrpoq, rq pn xare60uvoq.'Evag 1ruyoq aorpo-vatjrqs 0a propotioe, finpaivovrag rov opi(ovra, va eupe)ei p€oa orrl Hd1pq onr1. Ou-6(.nore 6putg 0a pnoporiot oro e{qg va 6ngiyet. <Avtnarc1r1r<u9 1tc txAeroov urr6 rovx6o1to t{u> ypdgu o notqrq;. Tc u'g4Ad rt8r1 xri(er or7v rtpirnuorl aurrl ro papunrc6nt6io. H toy6g rou yivtran avrAqrnq an6 ro 6rt, dv oA6rcAr1p4 n lrl HaS xar(Aqyt ot ltctri-pq or4, ro pty$6q r4s 6cv 0a r1ro'v ltqaA,jrtpo an6 pru aompivq. Ev roiroq, Ko,t oE s-n6oraorl ptooi pirpou an6 atrqv, tvag dv1punog 0a {yt pctpog 100 \rcexaroppipngoptc ntproodrtpo!

Or yatjpeq oriq anoreAo1v pru, ava,n66paorq np6pAe,4tr1 ':q9 fewxrlg Oeupiaq rrlcZyenx6rqraq.'Orqv ro )vqoxov aor(.pt oupneo1ei oe 6rctordouq, yxp6repeq an6 rov ct-pi(ovra, xaltd 66vapr1 6tv pnopei va ouyxparqou rq 6ru6oyxr1 ouppixvtuoq xat rthxrlxardppeuorl rqq,i\ns o' tvd yovcr\xd oqyeio' ro anoxcAo6ptEvo Kc,t <or1pdo svepG-Afag>. H 6A11 aroxrd exti dnepq nuru6rq'ra,, xat ax6pr1 6nepr1 yiverat n rcXOqrou papu-nxo6 rt6ioo. O Xdpog xat o yp6voq 6tv undpyouv uc, au06napKr€.9, y<uprcrtg ovr6rq-r€q Kd, u anouoia 9ewpiag u1s Kpavnx4s paprjrrlrag, xd?e ylu,or1 @uoxrls xarapp(.et.H 66yopgq aurq pc1qpanxrl avutpaAia oro xivrpo pc,c, pa1prlS onr1;, tytt ro avdAoy6rnq oro orlyeb yr16iv rou yup6ypovou, an' 6nou pe rr1 MeydAn'Expn€n efenope60q ro\tiprav. Eivat aurq q av<upaAia,, nr0av6v, 11 arpaia popg4 rou anpdonou 11 rou cVvti;-

I

h

e

H NEYTONIKH IYNOE:H

Page 149: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

orou, q cKarsv6qrrl o1pTrruoq Etorqrwv rr1q \r1prcupyiaq r:u rrlq Kdrdorpog4q.Av undpXtt xdn xa1rlouyaonx6, tival 6fl ot ya6pec, oni;6ev raQ6e6ouv oro cXav(g,

xaranivovrctq rqv 6A11 nou 0a npooeyyiotr rov opi(ovrd rouc,. Evt6pe6ouv anAtbc, oe n€-ptoX(.g rqs p€oosorpxryc, 6Aqs, pdpruptc, agu.tvor rqq {dEaviotwg tv6q prydAou d-orpou. |'qv napouoia roog 6qAu.wtt ydvo ro Bapunx6 nt6io, 6nroc, orqv <,^Aixr1 orry ytbparuv )uuydrusvn rqv a6parq ydra enp666t anAr/uq ro yay6yeA6 rrlc,. O'Hhog, av 0a yi-vu ya6pr1 onry, 6u 0a 6nrapd{u xa06Aou rqv rpoytd rqq I'qq. Oct natiou 61tutg va ava-rtAAet!

H untppaoq Aom6v rou op((ovra, oir1yei tva dorpo q xdroto nepryepdpevo o<ispanAavqnx6, orov avtnfurptrno 6pdyo Trpoc, rqv avrultaAia.'Erot, o druyoq aorpovathqstrou 0c \orupdoet va e{epeuvqoet yru patjprl onq, 6ev ppiot<et anA<i;c, rov 6pdpo rns eTn-orpog|s xAuor6. l1pru anoouvrt)ei oprcnxd, arc)dveru rct od)HG rou vd exreivtru xa)'rj'4tog, un6 rqv rarat<)uopxrl papunxq tA{q, xat va, snoxrd ennayrjvoeg Atyyrb6etq,. Lavivog ldyog tmrp6o0eroc, orrlv aruyia rou, ot odvrpogot rou oro \norr1p6nAoro 6evrpdxerat v' avrlooXrloouv. Adn 0a t{axoAou1rloouv vs rcv BAtnouv orov opi(ovra rr1c,paipqs or4q, dKivqro orov ytopo Ko't pt ordltxrrlp&q rr.. por1 roo yp6vou rou.

'lotoq,, u.tor6oo, o aorpovadrrlg va ato6ety0ei Ary6repo <iruyoq, {rTr' 6,n nioreue' 6t6n,o6yEusva pE ptd roAyr1prl )eup7nxq droQ\, q 6io66q rou ln6 rqv patjprl omy 0a rov o-64y4oet o' tva dAAo orlyeio roo \tiyravros, aAAd exaroypripn yp6vn oro naptA06v' q,ax6pr7 xaAtjrepd, o' tvd oA6reAc 6rugopenx6 \tj1nav.

Av 61t<uq gwq 6ev \nEaiyet ar6 pn Fa1prl c;nr1 -aA)d avri)tra, xd)e o<itpa 11 axn-vopoAia noo 0a ntpd,ott sn6 rov opi(ovra rqst srToppogcirat 11 aryltaAuri(erar yn nd-vra- yevvrtrat ro ep<orqya, mog pnopei v' cwyveu)ei iva nap6yoto, rcar' 6vopa p6vov a-orptx6, o<bya. H aviyveuoq aurr'1 yivtrat pt (.pytoo rp6no: An6 rct toyupd papunxd Earvdpeva nou TTdpdrrlpoivrat orrl yerrowd pto'c, Haipqc, om1q q rr1 pryaAq i.rcAuor1 ev(.pyet-c,9, rrou uro1€.rooyt 6n ouvo6t6et rnv Ernrdxuvdyuq rd0o6o Fto.q Hd(aq rpoq aorrlv.Mn oXt66v avaygrcprlr1rq pa6pq onq tyet evromo)ei trat orov corEptop6 roo Ktjrotor-t,nou antya 10.000 irq grur6c, an6 paq,. H ya(a rqg urokryiQ.rat t{t goptq 6oo q qha-xr1 xat tivan, nAdv6rard, o a6parog ouvo66q ev6q,yryavnaiou aor€pa, nou 11 xivqoq roo6ev tppqverjerat pt dMov rp6ro. To 6i6uyo aurd o1orqpa anoreA{ pn nyuprl n4y4 ex-noprqs axriv<Dv X 11 axnvopoAia napdyerat xc1ti.tq 6Aq noo xro{e1erat snd rov aort-pa, o\tiet rrpoq rrl ya6pr7 or4.

Iriyguva pe r'fnorcg <il.)teq ev6ei€uq, pn yatjpry orrl ye yd(a 6xd6eS Xrlrci6eg gopispeyaArjrtprl ar6 aurqv rou'HAtou evtipujet oro x(vrpo roo fcAa{ia paq. Zrqv rapouoiarqs, iouq, oEtiAerar 11 ercnopnrl pa\toxuydrwv xat untpu)p<lv dxrt'vusv, nou napar1pei-rat o€. yeffovtxig oro xtvrpo rou foAa€,ia neptoy(.q. Eivat ax6yq r0cv6v, rap6porcg 11 xarpqaArjreptc, parjptq on(.q va urd,pyouv oro xiv'rpo rcuv R'pdoapq, ru)v arvryyanxti-tv a-vnxe4ttvutv noo avryvttiovrct ord 5pn rou Ztjpravroq.'Erot epyqvetjerat 6n ot KpdoapStxntprouv arnvopoAia yiheq, goptq reprcodreprl a rd 6or,, ivaq oA6x)r7poq yo.lo{rdg.f

Ztllguva, rtAoq, pe pn un60to4 rou S. Hawking, ro 26unav tivu \fionapro an6 pt-xptq ya1peq oriq nou oyqyario1rlxav rard rq MeydArl'frpn€7. Aur(.c, ot apytyovtq pa6-peq on(.g, evds €youv pd(a 6oo tva peydAo pouv6, 6ev orr-ppaivouv ot yeyt)og rov nu-pryva ev6q, ar6you.

H NEYTONIKH:YNOE:H

Page 150: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Nturorvrxli 6uvo;rx{ xarBro g r11cvr xri Enuvricrcorlo MerqPrFq(dpevq evdp-y€ro . 'Evo yrvtSpevo rrou6ev pnopo6v v0 ro F€yo-l<6oouv or pq1cv65 o Tofpyo o Epnlour i (ovrogrov oprop6 rou ipyou o'Epyo oroOepqg 66vapr1g o

Meprrd onou6ofq dpyc o

Krv4nx{ evdpyerc o To 0e-6pqpa rqg rrvrlrrrq5 evip-

Y€t0s . Auvo; i lxr i evdp-ysr0 . Mirpqoq rqg papu-rrrrlg 6uvqrrr<49 evdpyerc o

flopunipo yvcoprpia pe rr16uvoprr4 evdpyrro o H 6ru.r{pqoq r4g ;rr11ovrx{g e-vdpyeluS o To dgporopo xr-vqrrrr l5 ror 6uvaprrq5 e-vipye rog o H pqlavrrrl evipyero o' ivq rleror6 oriorqpa o H Fqxc-vrr{ evdpyerc elcrrdrvsror o Aftqon rqs FnxtIvrK{g evdpyerrrg o

O dv0pornog o H pqlcvrl o Na Oup{$oripe o Na avoparr4ggdpeo Nc hioouFe npopfuiporo o Nrorou;rdvro.

f

Page 151: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

4116 rq rdooepo ororXeio rqg eltrqvrxrlg oplar6tqro5 ro flup-r1 <p<rlrrd- rpav ereivo rrou ouprp6fu(e rov npdororpo ror ar-c6vro pe'ropoll6pevo lcporrrlpo'rou lfprravrog. O Hpdrler-ToS/ o onoiog evdproq rrepirrou qlc6v,l rrprv o116 rov Aptoro-ritrq ro erle 6e10ef <o5 Oepretrrord ouoror-trd rou l6prrravr-og,rrioreue 6rr q rrpoypotrx6rqro qrav prra ouvel(g 6lepyooiuM^ot4S ror f(yveoOor, ivo 6uvoprr6 Ifpnov oe orcSvro por1.Ynoorqpr(e 6rt ro povo6rr6 npdypo rrou 6ev dltro(e q'rov 116ropr(g ollcrt4 rqr 6rr p6vo to flup r'rov orotXeio poorr6 rarqrc6vro.

Tov 19o srcbvq ircqve rqv eprgdvrorl rou dvog <rlqpov6pog>rrlg cplaiog eltrqvrrcrlg <p<orrdg, o onoio5 uloOerqOrlre on6 rtgguorr<dg enrorqpeg rqt orrordleoe rc,v nuprlvc prog evr-elcfgrorvoJpyrog ylc6ooog yrq rrlv rrepryp,ocpq r<ov ollqlenr6pd-o€(DV Kor rrl9 rivqor15. To 6voprd rou rlrov evdpyelo.

urGlvlKry Euvm;*rKGru BroFqxcrvlKrr1Encrvdorcroq

Ko'rd'roug 6rio orc6veg rrou qrolori0rloav rqv eprpdvrorl rouvrur(DvrKod dpyou, q guorrrl, orrd errrorqprl neproproprfvq voy(vel-or ov'rrtrqrrrrl on6 fuyo erlerrd rrve6prorc, perorpfrre-rcr paOproiq oe utrrr( 66voprq rrovl i vo oltrdfe r pr(rrd rovrpdno (oqg otr<irlnpns rqs cv0potrdT rlros. Tov 1Bo orc6va qrrope(o rrlg oqperc6vsr Frq olerrrrl rtipqrq rrou ouv6d€ror FsT qv e6poi<oon rns veur<ovrrrlg 6uvoplrcr15. To y6qtpo rou Ne6-ro)vq iler 6rorrorioer rq ordrqq dlcov oXe66v rc'>v spsuvqrc6v.Kd0e rr rrou 0o erre6icore vo {enepdoa ro ofvopcx rou v€u-rovropo6 gotv6rav rrepitrou Xcrrpi'S v<iqpo, evc6 nopdtrtrqla ordvOparnor eilov oplioer vq rrtore6ouv 6rt rtvo6pevor oro t-orrrrepr16 rou v€urovroptoJ, 0o prnopotiocv vo o6qyq0odv oeolq0ereg arc6vreg.

I

h

e

H IAOIIA THI ENEPIEIAI

Page 152: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Erxrivo ond opoFtrdlerpdypoqo rou 12ou

ordrvo. lloptordvetUro Inxovti

yro 6vr[non vepof.

Iro pero{6 o l Bog otcivqs orlpCI6su6rov Kol qrr6 rrlv loro-

prK{S oqpoofos otrloyrl rrou 6X€l snrKpdr4o€r vCI XqpCIKrrlpf-(eror og BroprlXovrrq Enovdoraoq.

Eivcr r1 perdpooq orrdT rl X€rpcrrvqKrrrrl epyoo(a orn HnXc-vrxq proprllavio, 11 ono(o dltra{e olor}qpcortrd'ro p6}o rrou

pdxpr r6-rt f.tan(e o dvOpcorros orrlv ncrpoy<oyr1 ultrriv rqt

fiv€uporrKc6v o{r6v.H rorvoripyro pi0o6og nopcry<oyr15 ono6e(10qre ivo H€Yd-

tro oXotre(o yrCI rrlv €'Inornpovrrq yvc6oq. Arrd, rrlv dMrl, o dv-

Op<orrog dpXroe vo KUPtqpXei rrdvco orq g6oq Kcxl vq rrlv sK-

perollederct ;r' fvo rp6rro toroprrd fiptr-To{pGV(, 6ropopg<6-

vovrds oryd oryd qnivsvr( rrls Fro ordorl BcxpBap6trltog-Mto qrr6T rg poorriS ouvtorr6oeS rr15 EiroprllovrrqS Enovd-

orqorls qrov q ovordtrurprl rrls prlxqvns cxrpo6, 11 onoio o{lo-

H IAC)>:A TH: ENEPIEIAI

T

h

e

Page 153: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ir4v yxpopo0po o veop<5qJames Watt qKenrrK6qUnpoord oe pro g4lovrxriowtrfo,

Ir4v yxpoBoripo noprordveroro166ro ev6g olriporoqxrvo0pevou pe orpoy4lovli(176s).

fioro6os rrl (66vcprl) rrou Kpup6rqv Ftdoq oro rdppouvo.H orpoprllqvn fiou ovCIKdlu\uov or Ayylor rrpqKrrKoi pn-

XqvtKoi Kor KUpfoS r1 petrri<ooq rrls l'lv dp6opq 6exoeriq'rouorc6vq ofi6 rov James Watt, igepe pro nlrlpprjpCI €q€upio€o)vnou dtrlo{qv rrl Hopgn 'rou ov0pc6nr\/ou nofurro;rod.

Mdoc o'ourd ro rrlqioro or errroT {prov€S dpxroov vq ufio-r{rd(ovrordrr, crr6 fipoKrK4 dnoprl, orv€uro)vrKoivdpor rqs Ki'-vrlons rar 11 ivvoro rns opF4S 6ev rlrov nopd p6vo ivo {erivqpoyrq rrl pelirq rtov qllrllenr6pdoerrlv r(or rrls Kfvnorls Kor 6Xr rlrordtrq€r1, d,ncog erle gavei or4v opp1. Kr ou, 6 yrori q v€urrrlvr-

rq 6uvoprrrrl 6ev pnopodoe vq 6<6oer rKovofiorrlrrxrl ond-vrrlorl oe epcrlrr;porcx fiou or rrporofi6por rq5 propqlovr-rrlg enovdoroorls ovrprercinrZiov rcOqpreprvd. Tr lperd-(eror yro vo yevvrlOei;rio 66voprl; ncrls 0o prnopo6oe qveur<ovrrq 6uvoprrr<r1 va e{qyrloir T q 66voprl nou rpupd-rov pdoo oro r<o6orpo; f1<.rrg Orx prnopo6o€ vo pelerqOefsrrrorrlpovrrd 11 rol6repq un66oorl rrls HqXcvqS arpo6;

To npdyporo o6qyq0qrov orvd oryd orq 64proup-yio prug rarvodpyros €firorqpovrrr ig dvvorug, q o-'noio, Xtopis vo opcproprlrrloer rrg pdoerg rrl9 vsurovr-rqg 6uvoprrqg, ouvdpole orq pere{dfu{r1 rqg. Me rqv

ndpoEotou 1p6vou q <orvo6p1,ro dworo e{eliX0qxe r<orxordqepe vo €vofiorrloe r rdrro qrr6 ro orqrrrpo 'rqg

rrpciypor-o rrou 6ev gorv6'rov 611 0s pnopodoov vo d-

louv r<drr rorv6, Srrcrlg q 0eppdrqra, 11 r<ivqoq, o qle-rrpropr6g, ro (p<os, o 4XoS r<ar q 6tivoHri rrou r<priperororo rcodorpq. H rcrvoripro or-rrq ivvoro e ivsr q evdp-yera. I'rr5 opX6S rou qrcirvq prcrg crrord,\eoe dvq pcorrc6voqrrx6 5rrtro rrls €rnorqpovrr<qg errovdorqorls fiounpor<dleoe 11 0ecopio rcov <fidvro Kqr q 0etopi 'o rr lgolerrr<6T r1rog. I(pepc Oecrrpr irot K€vrprK6g evorrrr<ci5nupqvog rrls quorK(g enrorrl;rqg, evc6 rour6Xpovu rr1ouv6de r p€ rrS dtr leg errror(1.reg ol ld ror Fr rr lv ov-0pc6nrvq relvoloyr r<r; bpoorq 1tr cirrlro.

Oa opXiooul-r t vo prelerdr€ rr lv evipyero KGr rqylc6ooo rqg, {ercrvcirvrag o116 rq o1dor1 rrls Fs rrl vsu-r<ovrr( Euvoprrrrl.

F'] TAO:IA TI] : ENEPiEJA:

-e

Page 154: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

I

6rr q 66vopq eivor rdrr rrou pnoporjpe vo ro preycxkivoul.r€ Xtll-p(g rovivo ripqpo. To npdypcrq 6err eivor Spcrrg 6ror. <,\yopd-(ovro5> 8rjvoprl r<drr nlqpc6vouH€ orxoo6rirrore .

A5 (cxvo6o6ps rS npoqycfpeve5 8poorrlprdrrlreg ond rqv op1q"florpvovroq prdoco rou po$orj Srjvoprl rprrr]droro on6 er<eivq rrou E-

{oor<qoope, <rlrlpovoups) o€ 6pdpo. frq vcx ner6loupe, 6qtro6q,oro dtrlo dr<po oprop6vq perur6rnoq, 0o Xperoorei 11 perordrrroqrrou 0o rporccrtrdooup€ oro oqpeio nou epeii oororjpre rr1 8rivoprlrqr eivqr rouldXrorov rprrrldoro. fro vs ayopdooupe 6r1Ao6q rpr-nldoro 66vapq, npdrrer vo rtrr1p<iooupe rprrrldoro 6p6pro. lro voovug<o0e( ro ourorivrlro, F€ rr1 porlOero rou yp6Aou rord 0,25 e-roroord, rrpdrre r vo psroKrvqooupe ro orlprio drrou qorof pe rq56vopq rord 25 e rorootd, 100 6qtro5q qopis neproodrepo.

"d= F,-50 x?5 - 5JoA ,o 2s

'Onore 0elqoe r o dvOporrlos, vo preyolcioe r <dnoro66vopq, ro xorocpdpv€r p€ Hro €r..)<olis evruncooror(.flcxfpver dvo poXl6, rov orqpi(erndv<rr oro urnoprdXlro,oorce i oro dvo drcpo r<dnoro puir<ri Srivopq orrcire orodllo drpo epcpovi(ercr pro 66vopr1 rrou 0o prrropo6oe,l6you 1dprv, vs e ivsrrprrrldora.

'Orcrv pre ive r qrr6ldorrXo, orqpi(er r<old rov yprjlo,oor<e f 66vo;rr1 50 N rsr un6 rrlv dllq rrtre upd e pguvf-(e'ror 6rlvapq 5000 N rrovq va oqxc6oe I ro ouroKivr1ro.

Kr orc6pro pnopeivo rgpevdper prrrpoord orov riv6uvo.Ko0c65 6qlo6q o6r1ye i, qoKe i pio oXerrrcd FrKpf brivopqpe ro 6e{i 1166r oro ;reooio nevrd} r<or ouprpaiv€r ro €K-rrlrlrrrr<5 yeyov6g, 6orepo ond ,liyo, vc oKrvrlrorrorEirsrold<lqpo ourorivqro. Av oroporquoupe e6c6, 0o rpovef

I

e

I [A.O:IA THI ENEPIE A)

Page 155: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Kdr-r ovdloyo ouprpoiv€r o' d,treg e <e (veg'rrg 6rord{srS rroudloupe enrvoqoer yro vo pag notrtrouAoord(ouv rrg 6uvdprergrrou 6ro0iroup€ Kor rrs trdpe orrldg pr11avdg. Kepbf(oupt os66vopq ldvovrog oe 6p6po r<ar pdtrroro, 6oeg gopds r<ep6i-(oupe oe 66vopq, r6oeg qopds Xdvoupre oe 6p6po. Eivor prorrol6 rrqlrd eprr;e rprr<r1 6rorrior<ooq. O lpuodg xovdvos rrlsprlluvrxrig, dtreycxv or cxploior.

Aur6 ro <ldvoupre-r<ep6i(oupre> prrropod;r€ vo ro neprypd-qroup€ ror 6rogope'rrrd. Ie rdOe pro nepin'rtrloq ro yrv6prevo66vctpr1 x perar6rnrorl, rrou e ;rcpovi(rror orrl pro ntre upd tnsonArlg HrlxCIv{S, e ivqr ioo ps ro yrv6prrvo 66vapr1x p*ar6mor1rrou spqqvf(etcr orqv dl lq. To yrvdpevo 50 N x 25 cm orrlvrrepinrcooq rou yp6trou r;rov ioo ps ro yrv6pevo 5.000 N x0,25 cm.

Mnopei ouven<69 pro pr11ov( vo H:IS ;reyol<6ve r rq 6rlvcpq,olld rqv noodrqro 66vapr1 x perar<ino4 6ev pnope f vCI HoSrq ;reyotrcOoer.

Av Oflope Aorrrdv vo qrrorrpqooupre rrlv €pyooio rou qv-

0pc6rrou rrou <rvei rr1 pqlovq, ro tro'yrrd 0o qrov vo pqv nd-poup€ unoqq ;r6vo rq 66voprq rrou e,idorrlor 4 pr6vo rr1 H€rc-r6rrroq rrou fipoyprororroirloe, otrld vo rov nlqpc6ooup€ l-r€pdorl ro yrv6prevo 66vapq eni ptrar6moq. To yrv6prevo qur6

ro hdpe dpyo rqg 66vopqg.

frq ro oupBohopr6 rou ipyou, dler errrrpcr-qoe r ro ypdppo W,oplrd rqg oyytrrr<4S li€rlS Work, notr orlpaiver epyooio, dpyo.

Og povd6a perprloecog Xpqorporrore iror ro 1 foule, ro dpyo66vopqg 1N oe peror6rrroq 1 m. Iuppoli(eror pe 1 J.

I -1 IAO:IA TF]I ENEPIEiAI

Page 156: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

h

r noooTrlTorevrls €v(SPYeros

rpo Fe ro pdpog rou.Ag avo(rlrqoou;re rq crXiorl ovdpeoa orq 6rivoprq, ro

6qoS Kqr ro roUorpro. Kdvoupe rrg iiro6olrdg prerp(oergKor KcTtrypdcpoupe rs orroreldoprota oe rr(vqro.

ArivoprlF

2F

FF

'Yqos

n

n

2h

3h

'Epyo Korovdl<ooq oe dyr<oFh V

2Fh 2V

2Fh 2V

3Fh 3V

Ta ou;rnepdopor-o. H noodrqrcr pev(ivr1g eivqr qvd-

loyq npo5 ro 6pyo. Blirroupe 6r1la6r1 yrq ro yrv6;revo66vapq x perar6ntory €va m<6pq yv6propo.'O'rr prropefvo ;rerpr1Ot( sr6 rqv rroodrqro r<ouoi;rou fiou KqrGVo-

trc60qxe yro rrlv rrpdypCIrorroiqoq rou cAtrd KGr vd perprloerourrl rqv noodrqro.

Mdlprg e6c6 yvtopioope ro fpyo oCIv Frq noo6rqru 4 o-rrois:

o eivqr q66vqrov va ou{40e i ond yror pqlav{r prropei vo perpq0si qrrd r4v rroodrqro rou rauofpou

rrou {o6edrnK€ yro rrlv lrpoyparorroi4orri rou.fro rq <puorrq ro yrv6prevo 66vapr7 x pt:rar6nton V€ rrg 66o

rroporrdvco r6rSrrlreg prog perpdsr rrlv noo6rrlro peraprpo-(Spevqg evdpyerog. Me dtrtro l6yro ro i,cyo eivat noo6rrlraperappa(6yevqq evi.pyerog. Kcx0c6g oorodpre orov ypritro 6rj-vopq 50 N rqr q prerordrnoq e ivor O,25nt ro yrv6prevo 50 N x0,25 m:1,25 r(doul eivor 11 peroprpo(t ipevrl orov yp6tro e-vdpyero. H evipyero rrou preroprpd(er o y1>6tro9 oro auroxivrl-

H TAOIIA TH: ENEPTEIAI

-e

Page 157: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ro 6€v Frrop€i'vq €ivsr FsyCIl6r€pq CIlr6 1 ,25 r(dorsl,.

Eprntrouri(ovros rov o1cloporou €PYouIe 6lq ro pdlpr tc6po nopoSerypCIrCI rl oor<ofpevrl oro oc6pro66vopq erle rqv i6ro r<ore60uvorl Fs'rr1 ;retardrrroq rou orrdreeryapre peropipooq evdpyeros npos ro oripc. To fpyo rqg 6ti-vCIprlq o' ourig rS rr€prfirriloe rg Oeorpe i'ror e{ opropoti Oerrr<6.

M46evrrd dpyo

O6qyodpe dvo pqlovdrr pre oroOeprl r'o16rq'ro rqr rqrcxvslc6-voups pdporc pev(ivr;, yrori oprotrrl r vqoq oqproive r drr pe rr1porl0ero rns pnXGVrl5 urrepvrrccbvrqr or qvrrordosrs Kor or rpr-pig. Av Oetrrlooupe vo ou{(ooups rrlv rolrirrlro npoo6f6o-vrss oro 6irpoXo errrrdXuvol, 0q i1'oupre, evvoeirqr peycrl6-rsprl Ksrdvdlcoorl. Av 6pcog 0elrloor-rpe vo rrdpoupe orporpqpe rol6rqrq i6rou pirpou, nap6lo rrou spgqvi(e-ror Ksvrpo-p6tro5 enrrdXuvoq -nou 0a pnoporicre prdfuoro n rrFn rrls vq{errepvder rqv enrrdXuvorl HrqS on6ropqg errivrlorlg- Sronr-orc6voupre 6rr q rorovdlcooq pev(ivr1,;6ev rrpd,rerror vo .ru€rl-0e i H xevrpop6trog 6rjvopq, trorrrdv, Trou ooreiror oro FnxCI-vdrcr 6ev ou{dver rrlv Kdrovdlcrloq. Av 0u;rr10o6pe rc6po our6rrou einoprs rrporlyouprdv<o5, 611 6qtrcr6q 'ro 6pyo pre'rprf'ror prerq pev(ivq rrou Korovol<6verqr yro \,o fipcypqrorrorrl0ei 0onpine r vo 6e10odpe 5rr q revrpop6krg 66vopr11 6ev er<rele i 5p-

Yo.l-rq vq <orpirlrrr> lorrr6v dvu rrvodp€vo svrrK€fpevo lper-

&1eton ontoo6rinorr vo aox4Oei 66vop4 oll\ti 6ev lperri(e-l:

e

H IAOIIA TH: ENEPIEIA)

Page 158: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ror Ftrqpfpooq evdpyerog. Av Oecoprlootrpe 6rt 11 rivqorl ev6grelvrpod 6opucp6pou eivqr oprotrq rurfurrl ro yeyov6q 6rt o'rorrvodpevo su'r6 qvrrreipevo ooreir-or 66vopq popdrrlrog 6evoqproiver 6rrrou percprpd(eror evdpyero.

flpdner ouverrc65 vo orro6el0orjpe 6rr 'rv q ooxo6pevq o' i-vo ovrrreipevo 66vopq eivor rdOe'rq orrlv ro1ltqrd rou rodp]ro rns eivor ;.rq6evr16. A6pre r6re 6rt orr) ovrrK€fprevo 6ev pe-roprpd(erar evdpyero.

'Epyo opv4rrr6

O epydrqg orrlv err6v(r rrpoofioOei vo ou-yrparrloer ro ropdror, ro0c6g e reivo rovnopoofper.

To rop6ror peroprpd(r.r orov epydrrl evip-

Y€ICI.Av OeoprloouFr€ .oc; odt;ta ro rap6ror

prroporipe vCI ficpdrnprlooupe 6rr:r) H 6rivoprl fiou qoreiror o'ou,d qrrd,ro revrcoprivo oror-

vi 6Xer rcxre60uvoq ovriOerrl crr6 rq perordrrro( rou.rr) H eni6pcon rrls 66vopr1g our(g ouvijderqr F€ ro yeyov6g

6T r ro rcpdror peroprpd(er evipyera. Av rdpopre, 611lo611 roororvi our6 6ev 0o ouviporve.

I' ourdg rrs rr€prrrrc6oerg Oecopotipe 6'rr ro dpyo rqg 66vc-pr;g eivar cpvrlrrr<6.

"Epyo orCIesp{S 66voprq<;Euv6ud(ovr-og 6la 6oc ovacpdpOrlrcov, r.rrropotipre 'rc6po vo6c6ooupre yrd ro dpyo rdrroro oprop6. [1pog ro nop6v 0a 1pe r-qore( vo Oecopqooupe 5rr q 66vopr1 rrou crrele( ro ipyo e ivororo0eprl rqr 6'rr 11 ri'vqoq rrpqypororroreiror oe eu06ypqpFnrpoXrd.

fl oporotrou0o6;.re ivo eu06ypqFrFo rn'o6pevo ovrrreipevooro orroio qoKofvrqr 6rdcpopeg 6uvdpre rg. Iuyrevrpc6voup€rnv npooox4 pcS os pro orr'ourig (F) -r1 ,)rroio ro'rd rq 6rdp-rerq rdrrorog prerordfirorls (x) nopo;river oraOepq- ror ev6rq-gep6poors yro ro dpyo rr1g.

H |/TOIIA THI ENEP|EIAI

h

e

Page 159: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

_ _ Wr.: Wr,*Wry Kot €g6oov luvr, : 0 0o eivar W, : Wr" : F"X.

Edv eivqr 0 q yorvio r<rlv 6rqvuo;.rdr<.rlv F ror i 0o eivqrF, = Fouv0 orr6re W, : Fx ouve.

Fy

W = Fx ouve

'Epyo moOep{q drjvopqq oe rivqoqeu0Uypopp4. To orippolro F ror r

noproTdvouv ro pdrpo Tov 0vrfoTot1ovdrovuopdrov.

I

o

Ifl H f^o::ATH: ENE''ETA:

Meprrcd <onou6oiou dpyo

Page 160: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ai

l i22f

To dpyo rou pripoug. Oo unoloyioor.rpe npc6ro ro dpyorou pdpous yrq p€roro'nioe 15 HrKpr1S drrooqg, dror c6ore qpopurrrrl enrrdXuvorl (d vc eivor oroOeprj.

lipcpcovo p€ rov oprop6 rou dpyou:o) Kord rrlv KoroKdpugn rivrloq ev6g ovrrre rpivou npos rordr<o ro ipyo rq5 66vopqS Fdpoq (mg) 1'ro preror6rrroq h e i-v0t

w:m8h

P) Kqrd rrlv KqroK6prqn r<ivrloq npos rrx rrdvco ro dpyo roupdpoug e ivor opvqrrr6 rsr ioo ;re

W : -mgh

i y) fro orroro6rlnore opr(6vrro petarSnroq ro ipyo rou pd-poug e ivor pr16iv.

Mro ruXoio rdlog ;rerorcivrloq evdg (oqpeiorori) o-vrrre rpdvou pnope i vo 0ecrrpqOe( 6t fipoyFororrore i-rqr Hs ororlerc66erg opr(6vrr€S Kot r<oror<6pucp€S p€ro-rorrioerg 6rrore ro dpyo rou pdpou5 unotroyi(sror tosdOpor opcx r<rrv ov'riororxov ororlt rco6c6v ipy<rlv. Ecp6-oov ro ipyo oe 6}eg rrg opr(6vrreg perarorrioe rg 0o e i-vor pq6evrrd, prnopo6p€ vo orro6e r{oupre 6rr

W = mg(h'-h,)

6rrou h, ro opXrxd ror h, ro refurd 6qoS (o116 rdrroro opr(d-vrro errrcpdverc) oro orroio ppdOqre ro cxvrr<eipevo.

Ko0r65lorrr6v ro ovrrre fp€vo p€roKtve iror ond prro Odoq oedtrIq ro fpyo rou pdpoug eivor ove{dprn'ro srr6'ro ei6o5 rqg6rcx6popq5. H rrprl rou e(oprdrqr qnd ro pdpog r<or and rqvutPop€rprKq Erogopd r<ov 66o 0ioe<ov r<ur eivcrr 0errr<r1 Srov'ro ovrrre ipuo ydvet 6WoS Kqt qpvrlrtr<q r5'rov ro ov'rrre ipevoxep6i(et 6qoq.

Eivor cpove p5 5tr,6rov q 6ra6pop11 6r<xvu0ef ovr(orpocpo,ro dpyo rou pdpoug olld(e r npd,oqpo, 6q\o6(W(2,1) : -W(1,2). Eno;rivos ro ipyo rou pdpoug yro rctrerorq6ro6poprl, 6n<o5 ourq rou oXrlporog, eivor prq6iv:

Auvd;re rg 6rr<o5 ro pdpog, r<ov orroi<rrv ro dpyo oe rlerorrl6ro6pop( eivor ;rq6iv, XCIpcKrrlpi(ovror inrripr1nrctq,.

To dpyo r4g rprprig o)\fo0r1or1g. lro eurolfo og Oe<opqooupreI

h

H TAOIIA TH: ENEPIEIAI

Page 161: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

o

rrlv Kivrlorl €v6S qvrrK€rFdvou o€ sue6ypqppq rpoxrd.To ipyo rqg rprpqg otriogqoq,; yro preror6nroq x 6ive-rqr qn6 rq oXdorl:

W, : T x ouv180' orrdre rff, : -Tx. To dpyo our6eivor rrdvro qpvrlrrK6. Ie prrcr rtrerorrl 6ro6popq, tror-rrdv, eivcr q66vorov va iXoupe ipyo rptptlg pq6dv.

H rprprl olioOqoqg 6ev ovqrer orq\r KorrlyopioT <ov 6uvd;re-rov rrou ldyovror 6rorr;pq, rrig. Eivor prc 6rivopq pr16nrr7pr1n-xq.To dpyo r45 6rivop45 elor4piou. fro vo errrprqrdvoupt ivq e-trorqpro rrpdrrer vo oorqooup€ orCI rirpo rou 66o ovriOereg6uvdperg. Av ro dvq rou drpo eivor qKrvrlrofior4prdvo qrr6 ivqorrlprypo rrl pro orrd ourdg rrg 6uvdpers rrlv qoref ro orqpry-po. lro rqv dtr]q pnopodpe vo ypdrpoup€ rqv e{iocoorl q o-rroio e rcpp6(er ro v6po r-ou Hooke.

O6loupe vo unoloyiooupe to ipl'o rrou erretref q 6rlvoprqautq oororipevrl oro drpo A rou elcn-rlpiou oro0epdg k. Aevprropo6pre vo rororpriyouFr€ oro yrv6l.re vo 66vapr1 eni puar6-nrcrl yron( rcord'rq 6rdprero rrls €rr pqruvoqg (x ) q 6rlvopq6ev nopaprdver orsOep{. Av ecpopp6ooup€ FrCI ouyrerprpr6vqrelvrrq prnoporipe vo orro6ef{oupre cirr ro dpyo (W) eivor ioo

I'rt:1

w=rkx'

H e{(oooq ourrl pog 6iver ro 6pyo rqg 66vopqs, q onofc o-oreiror oro drpotou elorrlpiou ro0<69 aur6 errrprqrdverqr q-

116 ro cpuorr<6 rou prqrog I oe prp<og 1,, on6re x:t-{r.E{urroro6erqr 6rr ro 6pyo rqg 66voprls rnv orroiq sorcei'ro

elcrqpro oro oc6po rrou ppior€Tqr o1-o drpo rou eivor qrrol6-

rcog ioo I,r€ ro nporlyo6pevo qlld opvrlrrr<6. l-lop6poreg e{roc6-oerg roX6ouv rqr rord'rr1 ouprrrieorl r,f,u elarqpiou.

H IAOIIA THI ENEPIEIAI

Page 162: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ag cpovroorori;.re dvc oqperor6 ov'rrreiprevo ;,rd(o5 m cpXrrdorivqro als rrpos rdnoro o6o'rqpo ovcgopdg. Ag urroOioou-pre 6rr oe rdnorq lpovrrrl orryp{/ rrou rrl Oecopodpe opXrl rorv

lpdvov, qoreiror oro qvrrK€fpevo 66vapq (ouvroropivrl) r1 o-noio orq ouvilero nopopdver oroOepr;.

Av poororo6pe orous v€urcrlvrKorjg vci;rouS, prroporips vqnpopliqouFr€ rl 0o iler ouppei dorepo o116 rqv ndpo6o 1p6-vou t rqrd rov orroio ro cxvrrrceipevo 0q 61r:r pe'rcrorrrmei rqrdx. lipcprr:vCI I,r€ rov 6efrepo veutotvrr6 vci;ro q rivqoq 0q eivare u06ypoppq opald errrrcrXuvciFsvn KGr 0o rcryrie r: F = mq (1)Iro rilog rrlg 6rdprerCIS t rl rcrXtirqro rorJ qvrrKerprivou 0q ef-vor: u = of (2) Kor rl F€rqr6rrroq rou 0q 6iverqr arrd rq oXi-or l :x=1/roi t (SlMerur6rrroq, 6prcog, po(f pe 6rjvoprl (i6rorg rqre60uvorls) on-paiver 6rt oro ovrrreipevo peroprpd(ercr rvipyero W = Fx (4)

4116 ng rdooeprg e{rocboerg ouvdyeror drrW = mo'12H evipyero 6qlo6r1 rrou peroprpdorqxe oro opXrrcd orivq-

ro ovrrxeipevo (rcor erle oov ouvirrers vc orrorrrloer oproprivrlrol6rqro u) eivqr ioq pe 1/z rfitJ2

Ag ev6ra<pep0o6;re yr' aurq'rqv rroodrqro. Avocpiperar ororrvo6pevo ovrrreipevo.'Ono5 rar 11 opprrl -r'o yvcoor6 6rovuo;ro-rr16 piye0os fiou neprypdger rqv Krvrlrtrrl r<ordmooq- ouyKpo-'reircr xr our1 o116 rq i6rc peyiO4, rr1 pd(a Kor rrlv ro16rqro.Alld q opror6tqra o'roparder e6c6. H opprl eivor 6ldvuopro nourrpordrrrer cxn6 ro yrv6pevo r4g pd(og errf rqv raXdrrlro, ev<6 qrotvo6pto rroo6rqro eivor provdprerpo piyeOog ioo pre ro ivo 6e6-r€po rrls pdlqS rou oc6prarog erri ro rerpdrycovo rrls mryprroiogrcrX6rqrd5 rou trls npog rcdnoro ofmripo ovorpopdg.

H rrvqrrrti ev6pyeroev6q o6poroq.61ervr5qpo oe o1don p'

opro[6vo n6vroo0qrnpo ouo0opis

I

e

Page 163: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H rorvorjpyro ourq rroo6rqrc triyeror xtvqnxr1 evi.pyerct.Irrl ytrr6ooq rqs evdpyero5lipe 6rr xd0e rrvo6prevo ovrrreipe-vo o€ rdOe lpovrxrl orrypq iXer opropdvq r<rvqrrr<q evdpyero.

mu2 Krvrlrrrq evipycrooq H€rCIKou GVT| K€r p€vou

H guorrq oqpcoia rqg dvvorog o'1eri(eror orrcooEqrrortKqr F€ rqv ovOpc6rrrvrl €p1r€rpio. Kor q epnerpio pd5 6r6dore rdrr rd0e rrvo6pevo ovrrrceipevo <rcp6per> p(o 6uvord'rr1ro. To

ocpupf, yro nopd6€rypq. KoOrri5 ropcpcirvoupre, I iyorrporo6 ouvovrqoer rqv npdro, dXe r r<rvqrrr<q evipye ro.Tqv d1er, errer6q yro vo rqv G'froKTqoer erretrdoopre dp-yo. Tqv iXe r ere r6q dXe r rq 6uvor6rrlrCI Xrufic6vrogT qv npdra vo oorqoer 66vopr1 Kor vo erTetrdoer dpyo.

Kd0e rrvo6ptvo ovrrKeipevo, e{crrr iog rot p6votouyeyovdrog, 6rr rrve iror, iXe r rqv trccvcirqrd vo prero6c6oe r r<ivq-oq Kor vo er<relioer dpyo. H rrovdrqro orprpcog ourq pog r<d-va vtl }ipre 6rr dXer r<rvqrrr<q evdpye ro. Mrroporlp€ vd rrl p€rp4-ooup€ 16oo ov ouv6e0o6;.rs pr ro ncpeA)Sv rou ovrrKtrprdvou-p€ ro dpyo 6qtro6r1 nou e r<reldorqK€ yrq vo orroKrrl0e i 11 r<(-vrlorl- 6oo rqr ps rrlv rroodrqro evdp'ye rog rrou Ffiop€i vc pre-roprpdoe r prdXpr vo crrvrlronorrl0e i.

Milpr r<6po oololo6poor€ Fs ivrr p6vo orlperor<6 cvrtrei-pevo. 'Orav dloupe dvo o6volo rdrc,r<rrv ovrrre rpdv<ov pe prd-

|eS, m., m?/ m3/...m, ror roX6rqrss ur/ uu, u: . . . u" (cos Trpos o-pro;rdvo o6orq;ro ovocpopdg) cog rlrq'rrrcr1 evdpyerG rou ou-orqporog Oecoporjpre 'ro dOporopq rrDV r<rvrlrrrc6v rous €v€p-yerc6v. Na npood{oup€ 6rr q rrvqrrrcrl evdpyera ev65 ouorrlpo-rog 6ev prnope i'vq e ivor opvrlrrrq. Mrjvo av 6Ao ro cvrrre ipe-vo qrav orivrlro, Ocr prropotlo€ vq e ivqr Frl6iv.

Ag 6orlpe rcrrpo rrcog 0o pnopdooups vo urroloyf-ooups rnv KrvnrrKrl evipyero rvd,g o<6proros H€ 6roord-oerg. Mro tr6oq, e ivor vq Oecop(ooups ro rrvodprevooc6po oov ivq fi€fi€poopdvo orjvotro o116 ovrtrefpevopr. p6(tg, f f ir , f f ir , . . . m,, Kor rr16rqre5 ut, t)2, u: . . . uu.Itipg<rlvo H€ Tq npoqyoripevc(, ov ro ovrtreip€vo €Kr€-

*=L

l l f / rOI iA THI ENEPtEIA:

I

hl

e

Page 164: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

0t 6v0polnor ond nolfnolui {{epov drr 6vo

oOIo Unopri vo xdver ,rdoo peyotrfrepq

*(q;rrti, rioo nro popriefvor xor rioo nro peydl4

eivor q roldrqrd rou.Irov nivoxo 6roxpiveror

o (Kpldq> 6nog rov

;lpqorponororioov rovMeooir'rvo, oov noleprr{

Urlxovri yro Tlv ritrtoorl ,rou K00rp0u. ,

lei perocpoprK{ Kfvrlon -rrpdypo nou oqFcfv€r 611 6lo ro oq-

F€toKd durd ovrrK€fpsvo dlouv Kotv4 rtr(6rnro u -rl KtvrlrrK{rou €vfpy€rq ufio^oy((ercn erixotrq. Eivar iorl pE 1/z mv2 6noum n pdqq rou oc6p0ros.

E{urro<orierdr 6rr KrvrlrrKq svdpy€tq d11er ror ivo rreprorpe-cpdpevo orsp€6 olld q rrp4 rrls 6ev uno,\o\Gtrq qnd rrlv s-{iocrloq qur{. fldvrcog, 6oo nro yp4yopq orpdg€ror dvag rpo-

169 16oo F€yol6r€pr1 0o eivor q KrvnlK4 rou svdpystq.Irq yevrrrl, 'rilog, fi€pffiroorl fiou 'r'o o6pq €Krsl€f pro

ruxoiq r(vr1or1, rl ofiofc e(vqr 6uvq'r6v vu ovolue€i o€ F€ro-cpoprrq Kor rrsprorpogrK{, rl KrvrlrrK4 rou evipyerCI urro^oyi(s-ror <rls dOporopcx rtr>v Krvrlrrrc6v evepyercbv l6yot Fsrqqopdsr<ar l6ycrr nepr orpocpq g"

'Epyo (ouv€pyooiog,, 6uv6p€ov.To Becbprlpo rrls Krvrlrrrc{S€v€PY€rcrs1. 'Orqv oe rrvo6pevo o<ipo oororiv-rqr rroporrdvor o-116 pio 6uvdpe rg, rdOe pro orr' ourig e rretrei ro fpyorrlg cve{dprrlrG ond'rrg dtrtre5. To olyepprr<d dOpor-opc dtr<ov rcrrv dpycrrv trdyeror olrxti dpyo - W"n - Kqr o-rro6e rrv6eror 6rr e ivsr (oo Fl€ To ilrlo rrlg ouvroropd-vrls rov 6uvdpre<ov. frcr vo unoloyiooup€ ro ohr<d ip-

yo pnopo6pe }orn6v (o) va unotroyiooupc ro dpyo rdOe prag6rivopq5lcrrprord Kor vq npooOiooupre 5l<x ro ipyo eire (p)vonpoo6ropiooup€ rrl ouvroropdvrl Kor orq rruvdX€tq vo urrolo-yiooupre ro ipyo rqg. Kdvoupre rord nep(rrrcooq 6,'rr FoS po-Ie6er rreproo6repo.

2. Baor(6pvor orov 0e petrrc66q v6;.ro rr;g 6uvoprrcr;g prro-po6pre vo orro6ei{oupe 6r-r oe rdOe peruti,rrrorl ro ofur<6 ipyorcov 6uvdpr€(Dv'rrou oorrl0qrov oe dvs ocS;ro eivsr ioo F€ Trlperopotrrl fiou rrcpouoiqoe q rrvqrrrri evdp,ye ro rou o<6prorog.

lG-K'=Wor

H IAOI:A THI ENEP|EIA:

I

e

Page 165: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H rrp6rooq orroretref ro ley6pevo 0er6pqpq rn5 xrvqrrx{gevdpyerog.

Xoporrqpi(eror 0ec6pqpo yror( 6ev <xnorele i rdrrorov {eX<rlpr-ord v6pro r45 guorrrl5 otrld onoppier qn6 rov 0epehc66q vdporrlg Euvoprrqg. IoXfer yro 6uvd;.re rg onoreo6rlfior€ Kor ouvrord i-vo eriXpqoro epyoleio yrq rn hioq npoptrqpdrov rivqorlg.

H orrri6rr{4

Oerrlporipe fvq qvrrreipevo FdloS m.AS urro0fooupre 6rr oercdrroro lpovrrrl orryF4, rrou rrl 0ecrlpro6;.re oppl rcov lpdv<ov,q rol6rqrd rou sivor do rqr 6'n on6 rq orryprl ere ivq q o-orori;,revr1 o'surd (ouvroropdvq) 66v<xpq F i1e' rrlv rore60uv-orl rrls rcrXrirqrog do xor nopapiver oro0epq.

Iti; lgrovc Hs rov 6e6repo vdpo, ro rrvrl 'rd nopouord(eroroOeprl enrrdXuvorl, F€ rrlv rqredOuvon lns 66vapqg rorrq5'rcrX6rqrag do ror rirorcx c6ore vo roXfer F :md.

Iro rilog rrlg 6rdprerog t 0o dler rropouordoe rroljrrlro

u : uo*Gt xct perordfiroq x : uot -; 1/z qt'. Merqr6rrroq, 6-prcog, po(f pe 66vopr1 (i6rog rqre 60uvoqg) oqpciver dpyo. Ag e-rrrlerpqooup€ vq ouoXeriooups ro ipyo ourd (W) Fs rrl H€rq-Pol4, r1 orroio epgoviorqK€ orrlv rrvqrrrq rordorsorl rouo6patog. Iuv6ud4ouFr€ rrS rdooeprg e{roc6oerg

x:uot1 1/zat u:uo*0t

11W:

,mu'-1nof,

W=Fx F:m0o116,e

Ko0rirg ro BAripodronepvd ro p{lo,

q xrv4rrrri rouev6pyero

ger<iveror. Hpeiolo4 our{ eivor

io4 pe ro 6pyo rrov6uv6peov nou rqv

npox6treoov.

-e

Page 166: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

r H (ouvroropivr;)66vopr11 dler rr lvrqre60uvon rqsr-crXdrrpog Kqr rrls

;reror6rnorlg.o H errrrdluvorlnporotrei o6{qoqorqv'rrp11 rr ls rq-

16rqrog.o H rrqpouoia rqg66vopr1g nporoleio6{11o11 rrls Krvrlrr-rqg evipy€rqs rouocbprorog.

o To ipyo rqg 6ti-vopns eivsr Oerr16.

o To rreprpdllov

;reroprpd(er oroor6po evipyero.

r H (ouvroropivrl)66vopr1 61er ovrGOerq rore60uvorloe o1ior1 Fs rrlvrol f rqro Kqr rr lprerarordrrroq.

o H errrrdluvor lrrporole i pe ialorlorrlv rrprl rr15 ro-

16rr;rag.o H 66voHrl oup-pdhler orrl pe(coor1rrls KrvrlrrKrl5 evdp-y€rqs rou or6pro-ros.

o To ipyo rqg 66-vqpns eivcr opv4-rr16.

o To oc6Fq peropr-p6(et oro rr€pr-pdtrlov fvo pdpogo116 rqv rrv4rrrqrou evdpyera.

o H (ouvrorapfvq)66vopq eivqr rdOe-rrl orrlv rcr16rqro.

. H errrrdluvorleivqr revrpoprilo5rqr 6ev rrporoleixo;r io peropotrr loro pfr-po rrls rq-

16111ro9.I H 66voFrr1 6ev e-nqped(er rrlv Krvrl-rrrq evCpy€rq rouo<6praro5.

o to dpyo rq5 66-vopqs eivor pr166v.

o To oc6Fc 6ev o-vrqlldooer evip-

Y€ro F€ TO f i€pr-

Bdllov.

H IAOIIA TH: ENEPIEIAI

I

e

Page 167: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

h

e

Tefurcf eivar e1xoAo va xpivoupt. n6rt'. tva svnreipevo i.ytr xt-vr1nrcry u(.pyen, apxei vG ro avrAapl)avdpaore va rctveiro;. Hu(,pyen, 5p-q, {vst xdrt ouv0er6'repo. Av )tAoupe vo 6ro-

ltopE<itooolt€ prd rrpoou.tmxq dlrotpn yr' aorq rq puorrlpttit\rlovrdrrlra, nou €lrEdvi(trat o€ 1tn ncrrctAict perapgt(.o€uJv Ka,lnou 6ev pnopei -6n<nc, enrp{.vouv ot guorrcoi- otrt va 6r:1yt-oupyry){ o6rt va KdrdorpdEei, 0a X,oenorei perd rqv Klvrln-x4 yopE4 rrlc, vc orpago1p€ Kcr/ vd tpeuvr1ooulr€. ro 6e6repopaorc6 rrlc npSotuno nou Atyercn ev{,pyuu 6uvapxr1.

Ta yeyovrirs r To qpcrl,pd ouyrpore f ro vepd rqg tripvqg r.,ur1-l6repo srr6 rov u6poqlerrprr<d oro0p6. To vep6 eivor orivr;-ro. =fpoupre 6pog 6rr prnopef vo T pf [e r prfoo oe oolrlveg, voneprorpirl-rsr rous u6poorpdprloug rou oroO;rori Kor vo Fsro-prpdoer evfpyero.

o I'ro epyoorrlpro. Or rrdvre riprore5 pnifue5 rpd;rovroro116 ro vrlproro, orou;rrrdve prero{6 TouS Kor oKrvrl-roriv. f lopeppoiver o proOqri ig rrou orroOcvor((etolorrl goroypocpio. Irlrc6ver rr1 prio orr' ourig Lyo V'l-I6repo, 6rorqp<6vros rsvropiva ro vrlproro. Tr1 orry-pr1 ere(vq q ;rninrc 6ev dXerr<xX6rqro. Olor 6pcog {i-pouH€ 6rr rrp6rerror vq arrorcrqoer roXdrrlro. 'E1e rlorndv rr1 6uvor6Trlro, 6ore;ro arrd hyo vo pero6c6-

oer rivqoq, vo er<retrfoer dpyo. H prrinro opXf(er vq rcvei'rqt. Ieliyo lrunde r rqv prrrinro fiou ouvovrd rcor oKrvrlrofiote (rqt.

[- loporqpotipe d,rr opl i(er vs <rve (ror q np<6r11 prrr inro rrouppioreror oro dllo drpo, ro cxndvovrr. H xivqon p€rq-660qre.r lro roipro, 6uo r<tr6ouv rdvouv ro vorlprep6 roug. Odvog o'rdrceror orrl prro dr<pr1 -rrls rpCIFfidtrog xcrr rr€pr-piver. O dltrog orcopgotrcopivog rrdv<o o€ FrCI or<dloppioreror q,rqtr6repo. 'Orr<rrg q tri;rrrrq ;rrrfiro Kqr ro

vep6 rou u6poqlerrprrorj gpdyporog, dler xt aur6g rr1 6uvo-rdrqro vq e rrelioer ipyo Kor vo perrrprpdoe r evipye ro. M6fu5

: ENEPIE A)

Page 168: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

0 poothttigAoooupUnovr116] oro

xuvriyr hovroprtirv.Avriytrurpo nou ppioxeror

oro Mouoeio rouAorjppou.

dg€e€i'Kqr fifo€r rrdv<rr orrl oovi6o, o dl\og 0o rrvolrei qr1-ld.o 'Otqv o poorfudg Aooouppnsvrnd^ {e rrvo6oe yrq Kuv4yr, 4-{epe oprerd npdyporCI yro ro 16{o rou. 'HE€pe 6rr revrc6vo-vrdg'ro, potrov6'rr €K€fvrl rq orrypq qrov cxivrlro, srx€ CIfioerl-re 6oer 6uvat6tqr-o vq er-reldoer dpyo Kor vG peroprpdoe r e-vipyero. Tirotou ei6oug 6uvor5'rqra ppior<eror qrroerlK€upivqKor orn ogevrdvo rq orrypq rrou dloupe revr-<6oe I ro trdorr-

1o. Bpioreror Kor oe r<d0e ouprrreopdvo 11 revrcopivo elorrl-pro' oro elorqpro rou poloyro6 prog, drsv ro xoup6i-(oupe, orrg oo6orss rrls yupvqorr<q5, orr5 notrr6g rro-vrrrorrcryi6€S p€ ro rupi oltrd Kcxr oro r1-ropovro6qsKo.H 0eopqrrr{ oxdqrq. Ag ovo(r1rq<roupe ro rorvd oror-1e io. To vepd rou gpdyporoS, 11 rriprrrrq prrrfiro rcxr ooropgotrcopdvog rtr6ouv eivor ovr-rreipevo, ro orroio,rrop6lo rrou e ivqr orcivqro, dlouv orroOrp<eupdvrl plo

6uvor6rqro oqv ourrl rrou avcryvcrlpiosp€ Kot ora rrvodpevo(rorrqv ono6c6oape olg evipyero), vo er"-etrioouv 6qlo6q ip-yo Kor va peroprpdoouv evdpye ro. flpdnrr Aorrrdv vd oupqo-vrlooupre 6rr rqr our-d ratiXouv xdrrorcx evdpyero. Tqv evip-yero ourrl rq trdpe evdpyaro 6uvcprrri. I;leri(erar Fi€ ro ysyo-vdg 6rr roOivo cxrr6 rq oc6para.o ppioreror oe opropivo 6q;og o'nd ro f6rrcpog.o dxer PdpoS q, p'dllo tr6yro, ovdpeoo cr' oul6 xor orq fr1 u-giororor popurr xq allrlleni6poorl.Mro ri,orou ei6oug orro0rlreuoq 6ev 0o r:r1e vd,r1pro, cv 6ev u-rr4px€ popdrrlro. fr 'qurd ror q 6uvo;rrr,:q evdpy€ro o'outiqrrS n€prrrrcioerg liyeror Bapurlr{.Me T o 16(o rou poorfud, H€ ro ldorrXo rrls oqsvr6vog ror pero elorrlpro ouppoiver rdrr ovdloyo. Eti6, piporo, ro rorvdo'rorleio 6Ev eivor ro riqUog r<or r1 poprjrrlr-CI. To oc6prorq qurdr<oriXouv prro ovdloyq 6uvo'r6Trlro oirtrd ourrl oge i lerororqv er6r1tr<oor1 rqg elcorrr6rqtdg rou'j.Tr1 6uvoprrcr1 evip-yero o' ourdg rrs fisprrrrc6oerg rq ldpe eluortr{.To ep<6rq;rc fiou rreprprdver orrdvrqorl e(vcr: fl<65 prropotipreva prerprlooups rrl 6uvaprr<( evdpye ro;

I

h

e

Page 169: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Merprlorl rrls Bopunx{SCt,ouvoprKrls ev€pY€tos'Evq qvrrrefpevo pdpous mg ppiorercrr oe 6qrog h srr6 ro d6a-gog. fro va perprlooup€ rrlv rrprl rr '19 6uvoprrq5 evipye ro5prnoporipe va rdvoupre qur6 rrou rdvo;r€ Kqr yrCI rrlv rrvqrrrrlevipyero. No urroloyiooupre 6qlo6q ro dpyo rrou eKreliotqrec6ore vo ppeOei ro qvrrrefprevo (on5 ro i6ogog) orq 0foqnou ppiore'ror rcirpo. To 6pyo qur6 Ocx e ivor ipyo rqg 66vopr1grrou oorqorlK€ oro ov'rrreipevo rqrd rrlv ovdqr<ooq <rlo're voe(ou6erepc6ver ro FdpoS rou. Oo ei'vor ouverrc6g:

U=mgh

H 0ec6pqoq curq po5 poqed vo Korovorlooupre rorrrlv ono0rlKsuorl evipyerog, ro0c65 pog <pipver oropruol6 rov ov0pcilrrrvo rdrro rrou Xperd(eror yra vq s-vur.,Lt<rl0ef ro ovrrreiprevo. To fi'fpd6€ryHo ev6g o0lr1rr1rqg dpoqg papr6v eivqr ev6errrrrS.

TAOIIA THI ENEPIElA'

l-lopondpo yvc>prtriot ' t ,

He rrl ouvoHrKrl €vePY€to1. H popurrrq 6uvc;rrrr1 evdpyercx undp;ier arprpc65 ener6rl ovd-psoo oro o6po Kqr rrl l-r1 undpler polrurrrr; ollqlenf6poorl.Ouotoortrd rreprypdger rq prero{ri'rou5 c}lr1}eri6poor1. Kdver6r1tro6r1 6rr rdvouv Kot ot 6uvdprerg r-ou Ne6rovo otrtrd oeytrcOooo 6rocpoperrrrl. Eivor plc evipyao rrou ocpopd oe old-*lnpo ro ototrlpao6pa-fr1. Errer6rl 6FrS or preroxrvqo€rs rou

' <prrrpo6> oc6porog 6ev errqped(ouv rrlv rcivqorl rqg [r19, prno-i podpre (r) vo Oe<oporjpre odorrlpd CIvcAopdg ouv6e6epivo orf-

p€CI F€ rq l-r;, (rr) vq tripre 6rrro orirpa fipioreror oro popurrr6rre6io rqs fns ror (rrr) vo qvdqep6pcorr. oe popurrrq 6uvcprr<r1evipyero rou orilpraros (Up). H rrpq rq5 0o eivor Uu : mgh, 6-

' nou ro h 0o ouppotrf(er rrlv cnSorooq rou oc6prorog qn6 xd-

Page 170: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

fiorc opr46vrrq sfir(pdvsro orrlv ofiofo iXoupe ou;rgrovrloer voovacpep6poor€. Mnopo6pe vo lipe papurrrq 6uvoprrr'1 evip-y€ro tos npos rnv entcpdvera ev6g rpone(ro6, prrag rcpdroCIs 4ror -6ncrrg rdvoupe ouvqOiorepo- trls fip()S ro 66ocpog.

E{urrorofetor 6rr q enrrpdvero ornv orro(q 0o ovocpepdpo-ore rrpirrer vs e(vqr orrcoo6qrrore opr(6vr-ro.

Ko0<69 6re{dyeror q rrapri6or-dvrg 11 6uvoprrq evipye r0 rr lspndtrog au{ope rc6vrrqr. H rrprlf iou qf ioKrd oe rdOe Xpovrrr lorrypq eivor ave{dprnrrl o116 rqvT oX6rqro nou iler 11 pndlo rqorrypq er<eivq. Efoprdror p6vo o-rrd ro pdpoS rqg pndlag ror on6ro 6q.rog crls fipos rrlv opr(6vrroerncpdvero, rrlv orroio 0o rrport-prrlooupre. Mrroporl;re vq 6ruld-{oupre rrlv errr<pdv€ro FrCIS orroroo6rlrrore ropdroog r1 rarrou e6dcpous KCIr vo perpdpe rq 6uvuprrr l evipy€rq rr>Snpos rqv errrgdvero our(. H preropolrl dpog rqg 6uvopr-rr15 evipyercxg ovdpeoq oe 6uo lpovrrdg orrypdg eivqr qve-

{dprqrrl o116 ro non €rt(pdvero ovcxcpopdg Xpqorponorq-oqps yro rrg perprlo€rs pqs. Iro pero{6, rd0e pnotrdrt, o-n6 ourd rrou {dcpuyov Kqr ppioreTor rrpocrysrc,lpdvo oe ro-pdroo 11 orqv docpolro dXer 6uvoprr( t:vipyera orc0epr1.

Ecpdoov or Eroordosrs rou o<6porog 6ev pog errrrpinouvvo ro 0ecopqooupe utrrr6 oqpreio, rl rrFq'rr1g e(vor ro dOporoprororv 6uvo1-rrrr6v evepyerc6v r<ov utrrrc6v oqpeicov orrd'rs orroisOeorporipe 6rr qrroreleirst ro oc6pa. Tcr proOrlpcrrrd orro6et-rv6ouv 6rr ro dOporopo qur6 eivot ioo ye ro yrvd;revo rq5 6-Iqg pd(c5 'r-ou oripor-og enf rr1 Bopurrxq errrrdXuvoq errf rqvarr6orooq h* r-ou rrivrpou pdpoug rou ocbparog, o116 rrlv o-pr(6vrro errrcpdvero. Kr qurd ave{dprqrc qrr6 To dv ro oc6yoperacpdpe'rar, orpdcperar 11 eivor orivqrc.

H IAO>IA THI ENEPIEIA:

-h

e

Page 171: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

2. Ag 6o6pe rdnorg rrro rrpooErrrrd rr1 oXioq fiou u-giororor ovdpreoo orq peraprrlq rrlg 6uvoprr<r15 evdp-yerqs Kor oro ipyo rou pdpor,,g rord rr1 6rdprcero r-qgpreropolrlg. 'OT ov ro ovrrrefp€vo dvur.rtrc6vtror, r; 6uvcx-

;rrr<r1 rou ev6pyero ou{dveror, rrpdy;ro rrou oqpciver d-rr 11 peropolrl rqg e ivqr Oerrrrl, evc6 ro dpyo rou pd-

poug eivor opvqrrr6.'Orqv'ro avrrrer;revo rtvef'ror rrpog ro i-6ocpog, r"1 6uvoprrrl rou evdpyero elorrcbvtror. E6r6 to dpyorou pdpou5 eivor 0e'rr15. Mnopotipre , 6qtro6q, vo tri;re 5rr 11peropolrl r4g popurrrqg 6uvoprrrlg e vipyerog e(vat ovriOerrlon6 ro ipyo rou pdpou5 Kor vq ypdcp<lupe

AUu = - ltYu

H 6uvoprrr; evipye ro rou poyovro6 pe ra rrqt6drto e-lorrrirOrlre . To 6pyo rou pdpoug eivrrr Oerr16

W, : mg(zo - z) AUp : - mgZo- z)

3. H popurrrq 6uvcprr( evipyero eivar pro iworq yevrr<6'repr1.Aev ocpopd pr6vo ro odorqpro ocirpo-fq Yg(ororot yro orroro-6qrrore o6orqpo oroprdr<ov rou oriprrrxvros, or pd(eg r<rlv o-rrof<ov otrlqlenr6po6v pcrpurrrd, 6rrcrlg yrc ropd6erypo roorjorrl pro Aiog-6opucpd,pog rou.

H 6vvoro rqg 6uvoprrqg evipyaos t'rrsKreiverot rcor oe ql-

trqtrenr6pdo€rs rrou 6ev eivqr Bopurrrd,;. Kdrr riroto ouppoi-

F'] IAOI:A THI ENEPTEIA:

T

h

e

Page 172: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

v€r F€ 6rio pcp66popqous pcryvrlreg rov onoicrrv or erepc6vu_;ror rrdlor ppiorovrar opxrrcd o dvog rov'rd orov dllo xor 6-orspo orrd plc nopippoorl -r; orroio or.<oo6qrrore onqrref

ipyo- ono;rorpdv€ror liyo neproo6repo. To o6orrlpo rtov66o payvrlrcOv orrl vfo 0ior1 iler ou{qpivq 6uvaprrr; evfpyero

oe oXdoq H€ rrlv nporly<ldpevr1.To f6ro roX6er Kot ytcl 66o qvrrrefpeva ;.re

erepc6vupra rllerrprrd ,poprfo. Av rq drro-1-ror<privoupe 11 6uvoprr,:r1 evipy€rq rou ou-orrl;.rorog 0o ou{r1Oef. y',v rq q}errprrd gop-rio (r1 poyvrlrtKof ndlor) e fvor opr<irvupq, rlperopolrl orq 6uvo;rrrl; evdpyero lerroupyeiqvrfOe'rq. H 6uvoprrrq r;vipyero rou ouorrl-Fqros ou{dve'ror rq0c6,; ro rrlqord(oupre .No ouvor.l-riooupre.

AU"^ = - Wor

I Etroorrrrl 6uvoprrcq evdpy€ro

- - : " . ' E=-- -

[ikaVn= -c

| - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Page 173: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ko0c6g ro elorrlpro ppiorerar ouoTr€rpoprdvo dXer eloorrrrl6uvoprrrl evdpyero (U) crlS Trpos ro {preor1K6 rou pr1ro5, iorl pero ipyo ro orroio erreliorqKs yro v(x ouofiupcrlOef. To i6ro r-

oXde r ror 6rqv eivcr revrcoprriv,r.1g=; lx,z

6nou k 11 oro0epd rou etro'rrlpfou Kqr x rl peropolrloro ;rqrog rou o€ oxdon p€ ro guorr6 rou prlrog.

Ti0e'rsr pdporo ro ep<6'rq;rq: flou ppiorovror o' ourrl rqvrrepirrT <ooq or oMqlerrr6pdoerg;

To elorrlpro 6ev prnopo6pe vq ro Or:coprlooupre utrrrd orlpreioaMd co5 ivo orjorqpro on6 uArrd orlpeio rs orroio ollqlenr-6poriv.'Orsv ppioreror oro (puorK6 rou F4roS rqOivq ond

r qurd roopporref oe 'r6rors Odoq cilore rl ouvrordpivq rrov 6u-r vdH€<ov rrou ooKodvrqr qrr6 rq urr<ilorrrs vs e ivqr pq6dv.

'Orqv dF,rS, fiCIpol-ropgco0ef olld(ouv or Oioerg Kqr or orro-ordoerg pero{ri rous Kor yrCI vs roopponqoouv lperd(rrqr vqoorqOorjv oro elorrlpro el<oreprrig 6uvdperg.

Krvrprr{ laporrrlpi(sror rl ev6pyercr rrlv onoio iler 6vooc6;ro tr6y<o rrlg rivqorls rou.Bopurrx{ 8uvoyrrri lopo<rr1pi(srsr rl evdpyera q orroioeivqr orroOqreupdvrl oe dvq cvrrre(pevo tr6y<o rqg 0ioq5rou oro ne6io Bopfrrlrcg.Elcorrr{ duvoprxri loporrqpi(€rCIr rl evipyero r1 ono(oeivqt onoOqreupivq o' fvq oripa l6yco rqg eloorrrrlgrou rrqpdH6pg<ooqg.

H IAO:TA THI ENEPIEIAI

Page 174: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H 6rorqpnoqrns FqxcvrKqs erz€PY€rqs

H ovnnopoB€orlMrlrloope rdncrrg ove{dprrlta ylc rdOe tvq qn6 ro 66o np6-

ocono rrlg evipyerog. A[i(er rov r6no vq ro ovrtrropoOiooupe.

H 6uvqprx{ evdpye lo ev6gouorrl;rcr, og undpler -e{ opr-opo6-, ecpdoov ovdpeoo oropdpq nou ro qrloreloriv ugi-orqrqr,r l trqleni6pqorl f iouercppd(r:rar ;.re 6uvdperg 6ro-rrlpqrrrrlg.

Eivqr 6uvqr6v ivq o6otq-pq v0 itr'er 6uvoprrrrj evdpye ro,e ire urrripler eire 6ev undp-

1er rivrlctrl.H 6uvoprrrl evipyero p€rq-

pdlletcrr, eg6oov errelefroldpyo er6rrd o116 rrg 6rarqprl-r r r ig 6uvdprerg rrou e rgpd-(ouv rrlv otrtrqlenf6poorl. Hperopo,\q rrlg eivor ovtiOerqqrr6 ro ipyo outcbv r<rrv 6u-vdpe<ovUr-U,=-Wa(1,2)

r1-AU = W"

Btrdnoupre 6rr q petopolrl 16oo rrls Fr(rS 5oo rqt rqg dtrtrr15popqqs ouv6derqt pre rdrroto dpYo.Ag errrlelprlooupe r<6pavq fiqpopspiooupe rqv iwolo €pyo ran vo epeuvr;ooupe qv olpercpotr65 rrls prqs Hopg{S evipyerog r:rrqped(ouv rrs p€rCI-polig rqg dltrr1g Hopq{S.

H rrvr l r rx{ rvdpyerq u-rrdpXer eg6oov ror pr6vo ecp6-oov urrdpler rivqorl.

Eivor 6uvqr6v ivo ocSpovo dXer rrvqrrrcq evipyero, Xco-pig vo otrlrllenr6pd Fe r0 u-rrdtrorrrq oc6prota. H rivrloqrou 0o eivqr eu0llypsFpn o-

Fc44.H rrvrlrrrrl evipyeto F€rq-

Bdlleror, ecp6oov erreleirqtipyo orrS rq ouvrorop6vr lTcov 0oKouprivcov 6uvd;recov.H perapol4 ttts eivcr iorl prequr6 ro ipyo.

K-K, :Wo1(1,2)

rlAK : W"i

H IAOIIA THI ENEPIEIAI

r

e

Page 175: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

- ,c\ t

lo ooPoropo KrvrlilKnsror 6uvoprrcrls evdpyerog

floporolouOoripe ivo Xrovo6pd,po rrou yfuorpder ndvcooro Xrdvr r<or ocpo6 onorcrqoe r rqv rordtrtrqtrq roX6rq-rG rrpoypCIrorrorei ro peydlo citrpo. Kc0<69 <onoye 116-v€Tqr), 11 rrvqrrrq rou evdpysro,'Iorrc6verot, €vc6 ou€d-vsror rl 6uvcprrrl. Aev eivqr 66orolo vo ro roroldpou-pre . Apre f vo 0uprq0o6;re 5rr q rluqrrrrl evdpye ro oytr((t-

rqr p€ rqvtoX6rqro Kqr q 6uvaprrq (popurrr<q) p€ ro 6qoS.4116 rq orrypq ndAr rrou 0o cprdoer o'ro prdyroro rigo5 KCIr F€-t6, ra, rpdproro npoXcopo6v qvriOerq. H rrvqrrrrl rou evdp-yero ouldv€ror Kor q 6uvoprrq popurrrr l evdpyero etrorr<ive-ror. H ouvofur( 6rorriorooq eivar oXe rrrd onlrl. Kord rqv r<i-vrlorl rou orcrdp q o6{qoq rqg rrprlg rrl,; HtqS popg{S evipyerogouv6ud(e'rcr F€ rour6Xpovq eldrrcocrrl orrlv rrprl rqg dllrlg.To epc6rqpo pdporo eivor: r; eldrr<rloq orqv rrpq rqs pros Fop-gqg eivor rodrrooq F€ rrlv o6{qoq orqv rr;rr1 rrlg dllqg; Irrlytrc6ooa, 6qlo6q, rclv ouppdlcov, roXriiir AK : - AU;

A6o routrdxrorov 6p6pou5 prroporipre vo 6rooXioouH€ yrovc cprdooup€ o€ rdrrorq arrdvrrloq. () rrp<6rog rrepvder prdooo116 oultroyrorrxig 6repyooieg, fiou ,ler<rvo6v cxrr6'rq oXdoqrou ipyou pre r<dOe pria ond,rrg popcpf,; evipyerog. O 6e6repogeivor 11 <o669 rrsrpdprorog>. l-leprdXer dprnporreg 6ro6rr<aoiegpe perprlorrs Kor ouvqr6lou0a ouprnrpdoproro. Ag roug 6ro-oXiooupe r<or roug 6rio.

Or ou)U\oyro;roi. =errvdpe o116 rrg e(roc6oer5 Wor : AK r<orWor : - AU. Or oulloyro;roi eivor srrl<li. Av Won : Wor 0q e ivqtrqr AK - - AU, rrpEpo rrou oqpoiver rirr qv ro otrrr6 ipyo rrouerrelei'rqr oe dvo oriorrlpo e ivar p6vo r-o dpyo rcov €o<or€prrcc6v6rorqpqrrrcc6v 6uvdprecov, rd0e o6{qoq rns KrvrlrrKqg evdpyerog0q ouvo6ederor qrr6 ro6rroorl etrdr-r-<rrorl rrls 6uvaprrrrlg Kqr o-vriorpoga. fpdcpoupe: AK: -AU rl lq-K : - (Ur-U.,) dpo

Kl+Ul = K+lJ,

Me dllo l6yro, oro ouorqHqrcx o'rq orroio r<ord'rr1 6rdp-

H IAOIIA THI ENEPIEIAI

Page 176: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ksrq fiorKfiorv olloyc6v erretrei, ar 6pyo pdvo o116 rrg 6rorq-prlrrrdg 6uvdperg nou €Kqpd(ouv rnv sralrsprr( otr lqtreni-6pooq (6ncog e ivor ro PdpoS yra nopd6e rypo) undple r ndvrordrroro rroo6, rlro rrou 6rarqpefrar oroOeprl' eivor ro dOpor-opro K+U, ro dOporopc rrvqrrrqg ror 6uvrrprrqg evdpyero5.

Av rord rqv rrrc6oq prrog rrdrpog ayvorlooups rrlv svriors-orl rou a(.pa, n F6vrl epya(6yevr7 66vopr1 eivqt ro pdpoS.

Ko0c6g, trorrr6v ndgrer 11 ndrpo q r<rvq'rrr<q rqg evdpyero ou-

{dver, q 6uvoprrrl evdpyero etrqrrcbverqr d,}d ro dOporopCI Krvrl-rrrcr1g ror 6uvaprr<qg evipyerog rrpine r vo 6rorqpei'ror oro0ep6.

Ka0c6g crroyerc6ve'ror o orrdp, ov cryvoqooups rrdh tqv o-vrioroorl rou adpo, n p6vrl 66vopq rrou ooreitor rrdv<.rl r-ou,dpo rcor n H6vn 'nou erretre i ipyo, e ivqr rc PdpoS. To d0poro;.roK*U nopaprdver rr e6c6 oraOepd.

To i6ro roX6er rqr rord rrlv or6pqorl evrig erupeporjg. 4116 rgooro6preves oro oqCIrpi6ro 6uvdpe 15 pdvo ro pdpo5 errelef dpyo.

Avdloyor oultroyroprof ror yro rrlv X<rr5rig rprp{ rcivrloq evdgoc6porog oe re rdrprdvo errirre6o -( oe pro orroro6rlrrore ore-ped enrgdvao- 0o o6qyrloouv o€ rrcrp6;.roro ouprnipoopro.

Ag 6o6pe 6H<oS rr lier Kor ro nefpopo.To rreipo;ru. Nq <ovcr<pivou;re> rq <pdoq, vo 6o6pre 'rr trder yro

dtrq ourd. To e rrpeprig eivar ivo prioo, ro rlrroio yr' ourq rrlv fi€-pinrcrlorl npoogiperor. Ko0c6g aropeiror ro errpepig, errrXerpod-pe vo perprlooups rr5 rrprig r<rvrlrrrrlg ror 6u,vol.rrr<r1g evdpye rog rouocpcrpr6iou orq 6rdpretc FroS pd,vo onlq,; orcilpr;oq5. fro vo ro<npoldpouF€) Xprlorponororipe rq orpofiooronrrrl pi0o6o. Toqcrlroypoqi(oupe <pcrlri(ovrds ro pr 20 mroloprrd5 ro 6eurep6-trerrro. fldvor orrl qoroypogio ;rrropofprs vq evroniooups rrs6rc6olrrig 0ioerg rou oqqrpr6iou rqr vo ,rerprlooupre 'rqv crr6-orooq rou5 As pe urro6er<dp€rpo. Errer6r; {ipoupe rqr 5rr rl fio-peppo}ldpevrl lpovrr<r1 6rdpr<ero eivar At = 1/zos, pnopo6;.re vcx u-notroyiooupre rqv rcrXrirrlrcr rou ocporpr6iou oe rdOa orry;rq.H rrpq rqg rol6rrlrog 0a pog o6r1yr1o€r orrlv rrprl rqg Krvrlrr-rr lg evdpye rog. H prdrpqoq, rrdtrr, ;re urrobe rdprerpo, rou 6-

VouS (h), oro orrofo ppioreror ro o(porci6ro oe rcd0e orryprrl,0o pog Xperooref yrq vo urroloyiooup€ '-rl popurrrq 6uvoprr<qevdpye ro. Xpero(6poore piporo Kor rrlv r-rpr; rqg pdloS.

H IAOI:A IHI ENEPIEIA)

-e

Page 177: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

H IAOIIA TH: ENEPIElAI

Tr pog <eine> ro rreipopro; Or perprlosrs fiou dyrvov epcpdvr-odv ro d0poropo mv'12+mgh rord rq 6rdprcero prog arc6prl-ons, vo 6rorrlpeiror rqrd npoodyyrorl oro0ep6. Or prrp6g a-nor<lioerg arr6 rqv orpfpero pog 0upi(ouv 6rr orr5 iprrpor<regtr€rpCIFCIrrKf5 6ro6rrooieg oupperiler rrdvror€ Kqr o rropdyrovogdlpo. Mnoporipre, 6r; la6r1, va n<l6pre 6rr pioo oTo dprorou ogdtrpcros ro rrefpapo 6e(1ver vq oup(povef pe ro ou-pnepdoporo r(DV oulloyr op rilv fi ou rrpoqyrl 0r1 rov.

H prlxovrrq evepyero tirorqpeiror.Ordoopre oe rdrrorq ondv'rr1or1 rou rf,pxrKod eporrrlporos CI-rolouOrivrag 66o 6p6poug 6rocpoperrro69. To refurd pqs ou-prrdpcopo crvocpdperor oro trey<ipevs tcAercrd ouorr1yara, ov-orrlporo, 6r1lo6q, rrou 6ev dllqlenr,Spo6v pe 'rov urr6trotnordopo. No ro 6rorurrcSooup€.

Ze xd0e xAerm6 o6mqpa, mo onoio eygavf(owat p6voeoarep u<6.q, 6uvdp elq, 6rurq p qrr rc6,q,, ro d0 po rcya xrvqn xf gxar 6uvap rcfq, ev6,pyenq, 6mrq peirar ora0ep6.

Eivor ourovdlro, 6rr oT q ouo'rrlprcrrq qurd -ro leydpevoror 6rorrlplrrrd- 6ev epgcrvi(ovror Euvdperg oov rrlv rprp( 4

Page 178: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rqv qvrforCIon rou odpo o6're rccr rrope;r[]doerg, rrou 0o prrro-po6oov vo npodplovror o116 ov0pc6nou(; q orrd ;.rqXcxvdg. Tonopa6e ryporq rrou ovocp6p0q rov € ivqr er'6e r rrr rd.

To d0poroFCI KrvrlrrKrlg ror 6uvoprrqg evdpye rog ouvq0i(e-rol vq avocpiperqr cos evi.pyen yrlyavtx7 (Eu). H 6rorqpqoqrns Fnxcrvrrrpg ev6pyerog rcrdyerqr qrr6 rn v€urcovrrrl 6uvoprr-rq. Anoretre f dvq epyaleio yrq rrl pel6rrl npoplqpdro)v, nou0o pnopo6oov vq qvrrptrcofirarodv Kcr p€ veurcovtrq pi0o6o.flotrtrig gopiS, 6p.S, rl Xp{on rou sv€py€rqro6 epyoleiou eirepog o6qye( nro srrld mo cxnord}eopo eire eivqt orrotrd, cog o-vcryroio rc'rog6yro yro rrl }6oq rcov npofllrlpdrcrlv.

fro rr;v rrepirrr<oorl fiou q 6uvoprrrq evipyro eivar Bopurr-rr1, prropod;re vc ovcgepd,proort ot 6roriipqoq rqg pqlovrrrlgev6pyerog rou oc6proros tos npos rn fn.

Ecp6oov ro oc6po Oeopefror oqpreror6 cvrrrei'pevo, yro 66oorroreo6qrore XpovrKdg orryprdg rrlg rivrlc'qg, 0o roX6e r:

mth, mu", + mgh,

6rrou m q pd(o rou KrvouF6vou oc6paros/ ul Kcn u2 or rrp6g rrlgrcrX6rqrdg rou Kqr h,, h, T o 6qq on6 rdrroto opr(6v'no errrgd-v€ro oro orroiq Bpioreror rord rrg 66o ourdg lpovrrrfg mrypdg.

flpor6nrer 6pcog ro epcbrqpc' undpXouv orrl q6on 6ro111-pqrrrd ouorqproro;

Arravrdpre qrr'eu0eiog. Irov porp6roopo rrou (otiltt rdrotqouorqpcro 6ev undplouv*. To ouorqpsrq ourd eivcxt povri-trc. Ie noMig 6t .S neprrrrc6oerg prropo6ps vCI Oecopqooupe 6-rr ro npcry;rorrrc6 o6orqpo npooeyy((er ro povrdlo po5. To o-rrtr6 errpepig pre ro onoio fisrpol.rorror(r.opre, fvo pop6 or6pronou rr6gr€r fipos ro d6ocpog, o Xrovo6p6ptog 11 ro rpotvdrt routro6vo f iopK qrrorelo6v ouorqparo ctrc orroiq 6ev e(vot<orov6qtrc66eg> va 6eXro6pre 6rorrlpqoq rrls Fqxqvrrq5 evdpyer-og, routrdlorov yra rdnoro prrprl Xpovrrri 6rdprero.

+ Irov prrp6roopo <poivercxr drr 6treg or ollllerrr6pdoerg ovdpeoooe (euydpro ooporr6iov d,ncog eivqt rq dropo, tdvto, r1tre rrp6vlo,

;r6prc, vouxle6vro eivor Erorrlpqrr rdg.

Im*+12

I

e

Page 179: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H FrlxovrK$ evdpy€ro

Mrq gqrvoFevrrri efogrivroq'Orrrrlg, dH.S, Kqr vq'ro rdvoulle or rprpdg Kor or ovrrordoergundpXouv. To e rrpe pig 0o oroporrlrre r orrc,ro6qfior€. H pq-

Xovrrq evipye ro rou oc6patos fiou yfuo'rpde r ndvco oro <le io>re rAr;rivo errirre6o, pcOproio 0o elo'rrc6v€ror. Av ocpqooupefvo pnoldKr rou rivrg o116 rdrroro dVoS, orrg 6ro6o1rr<d5 o-

vonrl6rloers rou 0a ovepoiver oe rirgq oloivopr<pd,repcx, prlvupa 6rr q pqlovrrr l rou evip-ye ro prerc6v€ror ouvr:Xc6g. Av ocpqooul-r€ royrdQ os opr(6vrro otid,orp<rlFo, ro ourorivq-ro 0o otoprorrloe r sur6 eivor pfporo.

Yndple r 5qlo6r1 pro oerpd arrd, pepordrq-reg-pqv6prqro, ro orroiq po5 l ive drr -eg6-oov rdrlorog dv0p<rr 'ros 4 pnxov4 6ev npo-ogdpe r dpyo- ro dOporopo U*K elorrcirve-ror, n prqlavrrq evdpl,ero goive,or vo e{ocpo-v((*ar. Aurq q (pqrvop€vrKq e{oqdvron rnsprllovrrq5 evipyerog xdn ctEryvet niou.t rq9.Irq 06oq rrls €pgqv((trol rcdn r.ors 6ev eivqrrrdvro ovrrlqrrrd ond rrg aroOqoel5 pog. Bi-poro orrg rreprrrrc6osrs f iou or rprpdg Kor olqvrrordoe rg eivor pe ydleg, ro ovrrloppov6-pqors rcr prdlro'rq nohj rold. To f lcl6rdrrou rdvouv rooulqt)pCI orrlv rror6rrcr1 Xcpdrqr rrrdvouv ro oi6ep,r ro {ipouv. To {dpe r roro ropvo6dpog ra0c65 r6per ro pfrol lo. To<orolopoivoupe, ; r r i t r rg orou;rnqooup€ roIdorrXo rou ouroK11,r1rou rjorepo o116 o611-yrlorl o€ KCIrrlqoprK6 6p6po orqv onoio cppe-vdpope oqv rrpordpq6eg. Aur6 ro r<drr er<6q-trc6veror oov c6$r1orl rn5 Orp;roxpooiag. Kr

Ko0tiq o olc{rnrtorror{g eyrorotreiner ro oepon}rdvo,iler rqv ro;1frqro rou oepontrovou. Eurux6q yl'

ourdv, 4 ;rq;lovrrd rou evdpyero eAorrtiveror, yrori oviolue 4 6ror{p4oq 0o fqrove oro 66ogoq pe

ro;lUrqro peyotrfrepq ond r4v ro;1Ur4ro ocponlovou.

F] IAOI:A THI ENEPIE A)

Page 180: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

6ncog ldve or cpuorr<oi, rq releurqiq erq'r'6v oopdvro 1p6vraror perd, n gqrvop€vrrq e{ogdvron rrls pqXovrrrlg ev6pyerog6ev eivqr e{ogdvroq. Eivqr Fsrqrporr{ oe pro d)U\q yopgti e-vfpyerog, yrq rnv orroic, qrr6 rq rre rpdprarq rou J.P. Joule(orq Eeroerio rou 1840) ror perd, rcrxup (6paorc 6rr eivqr r-oo66vaprq F€ rnv evdpyera rrou 1dOqre.

H evdpyera, 6qlo6r1, 6ev 1d0r1re . Mertxrpdnqr<e Kcr p€rq-<p6p0r1re. H oXiorl ovdpreoo orr5 0epprorpoorox6g peropotr65Kqr orrlv evdpyero nou 1dOqxe -1<opig vq dxsr 1o0e i- eivqr dvq1ryryta 0e pehor6 rqr 0o oololq0o6ye pa(( rou 6re {o6rrd.fro rqv c6po, 6prog, 0o pcg orrcolotrrloer ivq dllo rdrr rroupnopef vo nporotrdoe r o6{qon rns pqlavrrrlg evdpyerog.

I

4

e

H IAOIIA TNI ENEPTEIAI

Page 181: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

t

Mrq gqrvoFevrrrl o0f,r1rr4

O ovBponosO dvOpconog eivor oe 06oq vo ovurl-rr6r,er oproHdvo Fdprl.Mto-

r pei ndh, onp<6Xvovrog, e rro{erjovto5 q rloroc6vr-og dva o<i-

FCI vo rou pe'roprpd(er evipyera. Eivcu p' dllc tr6yro oe Oioq

I vo ou{qosr rrl Hrlxcvrrq evdpyero evdg ouorrlporog.

1. Irq veur<ovrrcq ylc6ooo rorv 6uvdprecrrv e irrope 6rrdler rq 6uvor6rqr-cr vo qore i purrf5 6uvdpe rg c6ore vserretrei ro ipyo fiou qfiorre iror yro rov ororrd qur6.

Kr ou'rd To fi€Tuxciver e(re on'eu0e(qs, ofipc6xvovros6qlo6q 'ro rxurorivrlro fiou Xrilooe, e ire dppreoo, rrq-peppdhlowog 6qlo6r1 avd;.reoo orov €our6 rou KGr roo6orqpro pro onlq pnxovq, Xopig vo <ep6ioer oe ipyo,d,rr<og dlou;re rre r. fro tov lerprdrvorro epydrrl r-drorou

e (6ou5 6rcx6rrooieS, pe rov dvav q rov dtrlov rp6rro, ofior€-lo6v yeyov6ra ouvq0roprivo rar rco0qpreprvd. I' Sleg pdporarrs fisprfirc6oerg urrdpler p(o r<orvr1 ouvinerq. Or dv0p<orrorroupd(ovrar.

2. Mro FrKp( ropndlo npoe r6orro e f 6rr ro ooovodp Xdtro-oe. H yuvoirc, gopr<opdvq pro poprci oororitro ;re cppo6ro c-

H IAOIIA TI-1I ENEPIEIA:

Page 182: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

EINAI I(AAW€PA II MHXANI]tJA€INAI NI&,TAPA

n6'rq loircrl cryopd, ovepoiver p€ ro rrd,6ru orov rpiro 6pogo.Av o6rogopqooupe yro rq yuvoir<o rrpo()cDptvd ror oololrl-0o6pe pdvo pe rq poprd ooro6lo, 0o rroripe 6"n, an6 ro rod-yero pilpr rov rpiro 6porpo, q 6uvoprrrl rrlg evipyero ou{r10r1-r<e. Ag oololqOoripe 5po5 Kor F€. rq yuvair<o. Avipqre oro 6ro-pipropd rqg, rropdrno€ rrl poprd oorofTrq rordlopro rqr rd-0eror os Hro ropdrcIo vo {arroordoe r. Au'rd rrou prroporipre vonoripe neprypdgovrcx5 ol6r<trrlpo ro o6o'r qpo yuvoir<o-ooro6-tro, e ivor 5rr 6orepo o116 ro ovdpoopro orov rpfto Spocpo ro66o oc6paro e ivor, rord r<drrorov rp6rro, o€ pro r<ordorooq6roqoperrr(. Kovivo 6ev e(vqr nrc drror5 rrprv. H oor<o6lo pero cpporiro <rdp6roe> oe 6uvoprrrl evipye ra. Kor rlyuvciro cpu-orr<d. Irrl yuvoiro ouprpoiver, 6p.S, rdrr rrou 6ev ouppoive l,pdporo, orq oororJla. KoupdorrlK€. Tc npdyparo 6eiXvouv-rc qurd ouppoive r oe rd0e ovOpc6rrrvrl npoorrdOerq- oov rlyuvoixo vo {66e r.pe rcdrr yro vo rorocpdpr:r ourd rou 0o yrvd-rqv drcorrq, ov 6ev e r1e loldoe I ro ooovodp.

Aur6 ro xdrt rrots {66er.1-re yro vo cxve pdortr rq oor<odlo Kor roveourd TrlS orov'rpiro 6pogo, or guorr<ig errrorqpreg pcxg nporei-vouv vo 6e1,ro6pe 6rr eivqr evipyelo. H rrp6r-ooq <oro6yeral) rro-pd{evo. frqriour6 nou {o6erirqre, 6e cpaive rarva pord(er odre perivqoq orjre pe o)frcq,{ oe 6rdra{r1 r{DV p€pr6v ev6g ouor(poros,pre rcoprd 611lo611 o116 rrg 66o popcpdg evdpyerog nou neprypdr.po-pe. Kr eg6oov 6rorrlpo6pe Vtc\ lJcKpooKomrcr,;)ecoprlorl rr.uov rpcr\,-pd'r<ov, dXoupe 6irco vq 0ecopo6pre rqv rrpdtooq nopd{evq. Av 6-pcog Oelrlooups vc rorrdfoupre qurd nou ou;.rpoivouv orov opyCI-vtopt6 pog an6 orornd FlKpooKofirrq, orrci'rr1 oxorrrd, 6qtro6q,fiou ovrrKpllu rcr;.r6pru Kot rq dropo, 0o 6o6pe 6rr or rco6oe rg

KlelerA,'loatqoMOV V/let nO\V <A|rof€Po:€fcMe-EDA (DAUTZA^)IIAAA,MNOPgtw-T9exe cy10

TO tlcpt !

/ et.Ja e>0,M'AUTHTH\tI ll^Ato>atlAPArA,i =-il= Aeo\etz tll\ ef,lA:al\rrouff:.,

--{

EN1EEI,@r4.I,EI! A€NM'AP&I Ilr'.>VZHT^QM€ TUUAII<€> AVTATAMA-

I

h

e

H |AQIIA TI]> ENEPTE A:

Page 183: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rrou yivovrCIr HioCI FCIS Kqr pqs sqo6rd(ouv pe rq 6uvo'r6rrlrq vo

orlr<ivoupe pdpq r<ar vo erro{e6oup€ (xvrKeipevo eivor evepyero-169 6ra6rrooie5, rrou oqprepo neprypd<povror ps 6poug rrvqrxqgror 6uvo1.rrr<r1g evdpyeros rtov or6;rov. l-lpog ro nop6v 0o opre-

moripre oro vq trdpre 6rr q evdpyero rrou {o6erjoupre npodpl€ror o-n6 rrg rpoqig rr dXer rn popq{ wdpyrrrrg XnFrKriS.

3. Irq ve urcovrrq ylc6ooo lipe 6r o dvOpconog pnope i rcr

ro fi€ruxo(ver 6lcx curd, yrar( ilerrq 6uvor6rrlrq vs ooref

purr<69 6uvdprerg. Irq ytrr6ooCI rrls svdlly€ros tripe 6rr rcarocpip-

va vo ou{dver rqv evdpyero ev6g oc6purog (q ror rou i6rou rou

o<6;ro169 rou), errer6q 6ro0frer orro0rlreupfvq rpocpoevdpyero,

evipye ro rlou Hnop€i vo Xcporrrlprore i o4 lqprr<r1. E(var e<ervqq evipyero rrou elorrc6ver-cr, 6rqv o dvOporrrog e r<retre f ipyoo{ronorc6vrqs rrs prurrcdg rou 6uvqr6rqreg. H er6rllororl pdtrr-oro rou rdnou ouv6derqr pe ourqv orprpc65'rr1v eldrrcrroq.

4. To i6ro ro ipyo nou e xrele i o dv0pcolros, pfiope f vo ;re-rp(oer rr1 lqprr<q evdpyero, nou lo6erirrlK€ yrCI vCI lrpoypcro-rrorqOei. Evvoeiror 6rr r<o0c6g ercretre( ourd ro ipyo o ov0pc6-fitvos opyovro;.r69, xorovolc6ver rr d),lq rroo6rqra Xqprrrqg e-vdpye rog, ovcryr<oio yrq rrs lerroupyie,; rou.

0 6v0ptonoq {odefer rqv onoOqxeupfvq 14prro( rUnou rpoqoevrlpyero urdpo u 6rov [on[6ver, o6xerorrip0rog, nepnorder, Kdver nod4l0To, rpdler, xoAupnder, rqv onoio guorKri ovontrnp6ver pe rtq rpogeq.'Evo rold yeUpo eivor d,rr npdner dmepo ond 6vo pndvro or4 06looso. Irov nivoro nopouorri(owot otrrp6g y4prxrig evepyerog nou [obedovror xord nepinroro4 pdoo o dvo ;rtivo trenrd 6poorqptdr4rog.

F] TAOIIA THI ENEPTE AI

Page 184: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

r H pqluvrl'Evc popdr ovrrre(pevo pnope i vo ovuqro)0ei rqr pe eldllorqov0pc6nrvq napd;rpooq. Ap<ei rave ig vo ,Sta0ire r pta pryyavr1.'Evov pev(rvorivqro, tr6you 1dprv, yepov6 Kot pto noo6rq'roqnd rs6orpo. O ye pov6g 0a cu{rloe I rrl prlxCIvrrq evdpye Iorou ovrlK€r;;6vou, 0o nporoldoe r pro ElvvoltEvtKrj epcpdvloqpqXovrr<qg evdpye rog 11 onofo 6ev unqplt; fiprv, rqrovqlc6vo-vrqs quorKd ro orropairrlro r<o6orpro.

H enrorqprl prilqoe notrrj r<o0uoreprlpdvo yro rrg pqXovdg.Tov -19o orcirvo, XprlorFofiorcirvrog 'rqv rotvo6pro rdre ytrc6ooorq5 ev6pye ro5, yv<opdT€uo€ drt e (vqr q56vq'rov vq KorooKtuo-o'ref prro pnxcv4 fiou vo prcA 6iver evdpye to rreptoo6reprl arr'6oq -orov i6ro Xp6vo- rns rropiloupe. l-{ pqlovrr<r1 evipye ro,yro napdSsrypCI, f iou 1,rf iopo[rpe vc rr irpoupe oe opropivo

Xpdvo o116 pro orpoprlxqvq eivor onoro6qnore hy6reprl on6rrlv evipyero fiou 0o rorqvslc6ooupe orov iSro lpdvo yto voro ner6Xoupe.

'Evo priyeOos fiou pnope i r<qr 6tro ou'rit vo ro e rgpdoer ro-lrjre po, olld r<or va pa1yoAoy(oet rt5 6,rvordrrlrss trcrs pn-

Xov4S eivor q roXdS, ro nqtrfro, 6qlo6ry, r'q5 ;.rercprpo(6pevqgevipyerog rrpos ro 1pdvo, orov orroio peroprpdorqre . Erp6-oov n peroprpo(dpevq evdpyero pnopei vo perpqOei pe rd-rroro fpyo, e ivor 6uvordv vo opiooupre rq"r ro16 (P) r<or trlg rrrl-lfr<o qurori rou dpyou (W) npog'rov lpcivo (t) orov orroio e-rrefuior11rce.

P=Y

-h

e

H [AO::A TH: ENEPTE]A)

Page 185: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

O opropdg uur65 ro16er ecp6oov 11 evipyera peraprpd(srqr Hsoro0ep6 puOpd.To rorvo6pro prdyeOog ergpd(er ro pu0p6 F€ rov onoio qno6f-6eror q npoocpdperor ev6pyers. frqT rl provd6o pdrprloqg, oroAre0v6g llorqpro, Xprlorporrore iror ro 6vo;rc rou James Watt,rou korroi(ou nou pelrirooe rnv o1-Jjoprlxsv{, 6ro6poprar[(ovrag 6vo rrpcr:'reirovrq p6tro orrlv e,!ffu{r1 rrlg BroyrlXovrr<r1gEnqvdorqons. 1 W (1 Bqr) fufyeror 11 roX6g nou ovrrotorXefoe 1 Joule cvd 6eurepdtrenro. 1 W : 1 J/s.

Trlv roX6 nou HCXS 6iver pra Hnxqv11 r<o0cbg }erroupyef, rq

XopqKrrf pi(oupe ug€hpr1 -P.*-, evci 'rr1v roX6 pe rrlv onofarrlv rpogo6oro6pe rq trdpe rcsravqAtorcSpevrl -P*o,-. O l6yo5o = P.*/P-o, dfiorrtr€i rov ouvretreorli srro66oeors TnS pqxq-vr15. Eivur dvog apr0p6g ndvro prrrpcirepog on6 rq provd6o,rrou ercppd(er rqv'nordrqro rns Frlxsvq5 cn6 rrlv dnor.1,rq rqge rprerdtrleuons rnS npoogepdprvrls e'udpye rog.

Trpdg rq(6os

Broloyrxri oum{pcro

Kop6rd ov0pc6nou

AvOpconog, o onoiog

eivor orfvqrog

epyd(eror

rrveiror pe 3,2 km/h

rpiXer oe oyc6ve5 orfBou

'Ewopo drov nerde r

Aekpivr nou rolupnder

i\loyo nou errelei ipyo

3W

17W

50 W ro9 100 W

750 W

1.700 w

pfXpr 1 mW

210 W

1000 w

Kvry{pe9AurorcvrpouTpoivou

10 kW o9 200 kW

1 000 kW cog 6000 kW

Aeponldvou Brrcing 707 21000 kW

l-lupoftrou 1.000.000 kW

Hlexrprrdg ouoreudg

-uprorrrri prlX<rvr1 10 W

9uye(o 150 W

Oeppoot<ptovo,; 1000 W roc 4.000 W

Hle r<rprrrl rou (ivc 5000 W rog 8.000 W

Tqledpaoq proup<ioonprl 300 W'Eyxpopqrrltre5poorl 500W

H TAOIIA THI ENEPIE]AI

Page 186: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

o Av ot xdnoto npdptrqpo Xpetcoreire ro

pdrpo rr15 popurrrrl5 entrdXuvoq5 vo ro

0eoprloert yvolmd xot ioo pe 10 m/s'.o Or dpot cvnxeiytvo Kat oqdtptoto,uno6rl}<6vouv orytenx6 avnxt iyevo.o H cvriorcoq rou oipo Oeopeirota;.relrlrio ecp6oov 6ev ovocpiperct rdrt6rocpopert16.

4.1. Xprlorponotc6vrog ivo po$6 pnopo6-pe vo peyatrc6ooupe rdnoto 6rjvo;rr1' fl<650c ro rorarpdpou;.re; Tt eivqt ourd ro o-noio qrrortreferqt vo to peyotrr6ooup€ p€rov po1tr6;

4,2. ll<itgopi(ercr q povd6a 1 Joule;

4.3. H noo6r4ro rouoiltou rlou Korqvo'trarveror yro rrlv ov6qxooq evd5 ovtrrerpi-vou eivqt ovdtroyrl rrpos ro ipyo rqg 66vo-

FrlS rrou onotr€irol Yto rrlv ov6q.rooq au-rr1. tl<65 pnopodpe vo ro ono6e iloupe e-prerprrd; tleprypdrpre rq 6ro6rrooia.

4.4. To dpyo prcg 6dvcpr15 eivot rroodrqroperoprpo(dprev45 evipye rcA. Av ro fpyo et'-vor Oertrd, nor6g ;reroprpd(er evdpyeto; Ienorov rn peroprpd(er; Tr ouppoiver ov rodpyo rr15 66vopr15 eivor aPvqrtrd;

4.5. l-lrr:5 opf(eror ro ipyo proq oroOepr1566vopqg oe eu0riYPaPPq rivqoq;

4.6. Tr oqpoiver o 6po5 6nrr7p4nx4 66va-p4; Avocpep0eire oro nopd6e rypo pro5 66-vopns n orroio 6ev eivar 6ro, rlprprq.

4.7. I-lorq e(vor q oXiorl 6pyou Kol Klvrlrl '

r(5 tvfpyetcS;

4.8. Tr ouppoivet 6rov oe ivo ovrlK€ip€voooK€(rot (ouvrmcrpdvrl) 66vopr1 Kol n Ktvtl-

rrrq rou tvipye ro 6rorrlpe irot oroOeprl;

4.9. H Bopurrrq 6uvotrrrrrl ev6pye rc evd5oo;rorog e(vct iotl pe ro yrv6pevo rou pd-

pous rou oc6;.rcro5 eni ro 619o9 mo onoioppiorerar. l-1oro crrprp<o5 eivot our6 ro 6-

9os;4.10. flora eivcr q oXdorl cvdpeoo mo ip-yo rou Bdpoug K(Ir orn percpolq rns Bo-purrr45 6uvcprrrl,; eviPYeto5;

4.11. f leprypdrple 66o rpotv6pevo rcrdrqv e(,ili{,q rcov onoicov pnopotipe vq 0e-orpqooupe 6rr q ;r41ovrxq evdpyero 6rarq-pe irot.

4.12. l-leprypdrple 66o rpcrvd;revc xardrqv e{,itrr(r1 tov onoi<ov pnopoUpe va 0e-trlprlooupe 6rr q lrqxavrrq evdpyero etror-roverot.

4.13. Orov oveBoive r rdnotog pe rc nd-6ro orov rpiro 6pocpo q prlXcvtr( rou €-vipyero ou{dverctt. An6 nou npodplerotourrl 11o6{11o11;

4.14.Tt trdyeror ro165;

4.15. floro eivor r povd6o pitprloqg rr15 r-oxrioS; l-lc6g op(t ror;

Il[a avcpotn$otipe...

4.16. Avurgcirvoupri pro ndrpo pdpou5 50 Npe rq porl0erc po1itro6. Ero dvq drpo A roupro$od ooro6;re [6voPr1 5 N rorto

H IAOI:A THI ENEPIEIA:

I

h

e

Page 187: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

T,

4

e

psrororrf(oupr Kord 2 tt<sroor6,. H rf--rpo ppiorercr oro dllo drpo.a) H percprpa(dpev4 oro dr<po A evipyeraeivor 0,1 Jp) H evdpyero rrou peroprpd(eror orqvnirpo eivor 0,1 jy) H nirpo dvurpd)v€ror r<qrd 10 eKqromd6) To ipyo r4g 66vopq5 rrlv onoio sor<o6-p€ oro drpo A eivor 0,1 JAv or evepyerordg onr6lereq Oeopq0oriv a-pe trqr ie g, p€ f ior0 qnd rq nopondvcr;ou1.tg<rrve i're;

4.17, floro qn6 rc nopordrco pey60r1 6eveivor 6rovuoporr16:o) dpyo p) 6dvoprl y) perordnron 6) opprle) rcrlirqro.

4.18. floreg o116 rtg nopordr<o 6uvdprer5e rrelodv apvrlrrr<6 ipyo; f1ore5 6ev e rre-loLiv ipyo;o) Bdpog evdg oriporo5 oe opr(dvrro pe-ror<ivqoq.p) A6vo;rr1 rrou qorei dvo elorqpro ro0rigoupnri(erory) Arivopq nou qore i ro revr<oprivo vrlpooro ocporpiSro erc<pepod5.6)Tprpn otrioOqoqge) A6vcprq orrlpr{qg.

4.1 9.'Evo uvrrreipevo Krveirqr eu06ypop-po ;re oroOeprl enrtdXuvorl.o) To ipyo rrlg ooxodpevrlg o'curd 66vo-plg (ouvroropdvq5) efvqr ontrlo6rlnore0e rr<d.p) H yroviu rorv 6rqvuopdrcov 66voprr15(ouvroropdvqg) rcr yerordnrorl5 efvor o-rroo6rlnore pr16dv.y) Iro rrvoripevo ovrrrefpevo 6roprorg pe-rcprpd(ercr evipyero.Me 'norq o116 ourd oupcporveire;

4.20. Avogdpere 6rrcd oo5 nopo6eiyprorcrordTo orroio 6ev erreleirqr dpyo oe rre-prnrr6oerg orr5 onoieg:a) I'ivq oc6po ooreircr 66vcpr1 rqr 6ev u-ndpXer ;rerardnroq.

p) YndpXer peror6nrorl, lopig va qorei'rqr66vop11.y)Aoreirar 66vopr1, 6roprc6g rd0errl mrlvrcrxurqro.

4,21. H rrvrlrrr<r1 evdpyero ev6g ovrrrerpd-vouo) Eivcr rdt le orrypr l foq pe ro yrvdpevorqg pd(og rou wrrrerpivou etrf ro rerpd-ytllvo rrls rcrldrqrdg rou.p) Au(dver rord rrlv ele60epq nrrioq rcrrvovrrre tpfvrrrv.y) Mnopef vq €ivor pq6iv r<or raur6Xpovovd Flv eivor pr16fv ovdloya pre ro oriorq-

F0 sv0qopc(s.6) Eivor, dn<rlg ror n opp{, pdyeOog 6rqvu-oparrrd.e) Eivor ioq ;re B N eg6oov ro ovrrrefpevodXer ;rd(o 1 lcg rcr roX6r4ro 4 m/s.Me rroro qni rq rropondvo 6rocptoveire;

4.22.'Eva or6po otrro0oiver rord prp<og r<e-rtrrprivou errrri6ou r<crepltlpevo F€ oro-Oepq rc16rr1ro. [1ore5 on6 rr5 oorodpe-ve5 6uvdper5 errelo6v ipyo 0errrd xorfior€S opvrlrrr<d; llcog pnopo6ire vo urrolo-yiooupe ro otrrr<i ipyo;

4.23. l loro srr6 ru nopaxdrro 6pyavo

Xpero(dpoor€ yrc vo perprlooupe rr1 6uvo-

;-rrrrj evdpyercr ev<i5 orporpr6iou a:g npos rof6ogog;o) lpovtiper-po p) (uy6 y) perporarvfo,l-lco5 0o yiver 11 pdrpqoq;

4.24. H popurrr<r1 6uvoprrrl evdpye ro ev6gcv'rrrerpivouo) Au€dvercrr r<o0c6g ro ovrrre ipevo nf-qr€r npos rc e6o<pog.p)'EXer rog povdSo perp(oeroq ro ivo r(d-outr.y) Meropdl,\eror r<cOc6g ro ovrrrefyevopercrrveircr,re opr(dvrro 6drre6o.6) 'EXe r v6q;.rcr ;.rdvo 6rov ro ovrrreipevo e f-vcr cr<ivr1ro.e) Meropdl)\eror ro0<o5 ro ovrrxefprevo

H TAOIIA TH: ENEPTEIAT

Page 188: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

FsroKtv€irot lrpos ro fidv(l) Kdr n p€ropo-14 tnS eivor iorl ;.re ro dpyo rou pdpoug.Me norq on6 ourd 6rog<oveire; Arxqrolo-yrlore rqv ondvrrlorl.

4.25. Io5 (qro6pre vo oupnlrlpriloere rorcevd enrtrdyovrog o116'ro noporcdrcrr:60 N, 1,2 mJ, MIKPH ,22 cm, AYNAMIKH,AYNAMH, IDYI, ME|MH, 26 cm, EMITIKH,3 N, K|NHT|KH, AnOOHKEYMENH, 3 J, 6 N,ENEPI-EIA, 120 m).'Evc elorrlpro oroOepdg 1,5 N/cm iltr cpu-o116 prlrog . Ireperivoupe rodvo drpo oe roror6purpo rorXcopo Kqr op-

Xi(oupe vo ro oul-rnri(oupre opyd oorri-vrog opr(dvro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , oro dl lo d-r<po. Ko0rrrg npolcrrpd 11 ouprnieoq, q 66vo-

Fq rnv onoio ooref ro elorrlpro oro liprpog yiveror dtro xqr nro . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ierdnorq orryprl nou ro iXoupe r16q oupnri-oe r rqrd 4 cm ro pr lrog rou t fvot 22 cmrar q 66vopq rqv onoio oororjpre eivor iorlpr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H eloorrr<4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . €-vipyera rrlv onoia pdXpr ereivq rq orr4rqdXer ono0r l re6oer ro elurqpro eivqr

4.26.Lro drpo ev6g vqporog npoo66vou-pe dvo ogcrpi6ro ror 6rlproupyotl;.re ivo er-r<pepi5 ro orroio evepyonoro6pevo orropef-rqr. Kqrd rq 6rdprero prog oropqorlg:o) Kcr0os ro ogorp6ro r<oripXeror rl Krvn-rrxrl rou tvdpye ro ouveX<i5 ou{dveror.p) To dOporopo rrvqrrr<r'19 <or 6uvoprrrlg e-vdpyercg_ 6rorqpeiror oraOep6.y) An6 rr5 6uvdpe r5 nou corodvror oroo<porpf6ro rl pdvn nou errele i ipyo eivcrrro pdpog.6) Orqv ro vrlpo ppeOef orqv ro'rordpu-cprl 0ior1 11 6uvoprrc.l rou evipyero 61er rr1prrp6repq rrpq.e) H p6vq 66vopq rrou ooreircl oro o(pdr-pi6ro eivor ro pdpo5 rou.Or rprpdg Kor or ovrrordoe rg 0eropo6vrorapetrrlrieq.Me noro o116 qurd ouprgcove ire ;

4.27. L(so cvrrrei:evo iorov ;ro(cirv, ro M,ror ro M, ocprlvovrar rourdXpovo o116 roi6ro rirpo5 vo ofuo0rloouv oe 66o 6rocpope-rrxd rer<fupivo enfne6o yorvrc6v 30" rcor45" ovriororXc. l,v q rprp4 Oeorpq0ef ope-lqrdo pe noro or 6 rrg nopcrdr<o npord-oe r5 Erogcove ire;o) H r<rvqrrrq evrpyrra nou dXer ro M., d-rav grdoer oro d,5ocpo5 eivar foq Hs rrlv Kr-vqrrrrl evipyero nou fXer ro M, drov rprd-v€r oro i6a<pog.p) to M, cpOdver ()'ro i6oqos rrprv on6 roM1.

y) Tqv i6ro Xpovrr<r1 orryp( ro 66o rcrvo6pe-vo avrrxe ipevo iXouv ndvrq rrlv i6ro 6u-voprrrl evdpye ro a)S npos ro d6ocpog.6) H raXrjrrlro p{: rnv onoiq ro M, rpOdveroro 66o<pog efvor iorl rcord pd'rpo p€ rrlvrcrXrirrlro Fr rnv orroio ro M, gOover orod6o9o9.

4.28. To ovrrre(prtvo I ror I'ouv6dowor pevqpo pio<rl tpo;otrfoq dn<rr5 oro oX4po.Iuyrparo6pe 'ro I rqr orq ouvfXe ro ro o-rpqvou;re ele60epc. floporqporjpe rrlv rivq-

on rcov 66o ovrrrerpivrov pdXprg drou ro I<prdoer orrlv rpo;icrlic. Tprpq oyelqrdo.o) H 6uvo;rrrr1 rvipye ro rou I ' ouvelcogou{dver.p) H pr'11ovrrr1 errdpye ro rou I 6rorrlpeirororoOepq.y) To ipyo rrlg 6(rvaprqg rrlv onoio qore i rorevropdvo vqpro oro I' e ivqr cpvrlrrrd.6) To ipyo rqq Siivopq5 rqv onoio oorcei rorevrropfvo vqpra oro Z e ivqr Oerrx5.

3

e

Page 189: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

e) H pqXovrr<( evipyerc rou ouortlporo5rorv 66o ovrtretpivcov nopopivel moOepq.or) H rrvqrrrr l evipyero rou I ' 6 loprc69ou{dve r.Me noro orrd qurd oupcPtrlveire;

4.29, s. fto vo orcp<polcoo<o piXpt ndv<rlnpiner vo ou{r1oco tq 6uvoptr<q pou evfp-yero rardp. Xpe rdorqre vo qorc6 ouveXc6g 66vop11

Nto6rov. To o<6po Prou dXet rc6Por(goutr 6uvoprrq5 evipyetog.

y. Tr irpo dx,o . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . r (doul rrvqrrrq5evipyerog. Tt 0o ro rdvco; l-lpoplinol cri-

{,non tnS eviPYe ro5. E}ni(co vop4 ondoo ravivo n66r.Iog (qrodpe vo ou;rnl4prioere rq revd.

4.30. Bd(oupe vepd o'r(vo 6o1e io prilpt rd-noro tirpo5. 'Yorepa naipvoupe ivo rop-

H IAO' 'A THI ENEPIEIA>

T

h

e

pdrr rpellof, ro roto0ero6pe p6oo orovep6 r<ar ro tlgqvoupe. O <pelldS opli(ervo oveBoiver. Ko0al5 ovepoiver rar ppioxe-rcr otr6rtrqpog pioo oro uyp6, rolupr(6-poore 6rt q iiuvaprrrl evipyero rou vepo6peropdMeror. llpoonoOrlor€ vo ro 6trot-otroyrloere.

4.31 .'Evc ncxt6f rcdver rooutrr10po. Kc0c65yhorpder npo5 ro rdroo) H 6uvoprrcrl rou evipycra 6rar4pe irctorcOep4.p) H prqlovrr( rou evipye rq €^orr(6v€ror.y) H oororip€vrl oro nor6i rprprl olioOrl-or15 fler ipyo opvqtrr<6.6) Autdveror 11 Oepporpcoia.Me rroto on(r ourd 6rorPotveire;

4.32. Kdnorog 6toOdrer ;rerpororvio, (uy6

<pop;rm<e ior: rcr 1pov6p€rpo. f l165 0opnopdotr vo perprloe r rqv toXti fiou ovo-rrr6ooet o o6ryavroprdq rou rord ro cxvfpo-opo pros or(ilo5;

4.33. Bpeire rrg oooriS ovrtorotXioets o-pr0pr6v rcr ypoppdr<ov.'1. Efvqr ioq pe rqv ovd provd6o lpdvou pe-roprpo(6pevn €vipYsr:)

Krvqrrrq evipyero

2. Enrv6qoe Jro €vrurloorcrrl ptlricooqrq5 orpopqxavrlS

P)Mo$65

3. Mog entrpdnet vo ou{dvoupre rqv rrprl

Pro5 66voPr19 y) 'Epyo pro b6vopr15

4.'Evs r4do.rl ovd beurepdlenro6)James Watt

5. Eivor forl ;re to rivo 6e6repo tq5 pd(o5rou oriporcg tnf ro rerpdycrtvo rr15 rcrX6-rqrdg'rou.

e) Auvolttrrl eviPYeto

Page 190: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

6. Ko0cog nicprer iva oopoq rrpq rqg etrorrc6verot

or) lo'X65

7.Yn5 opropive5 npo0noOdoe r5eivor yrv6pevo rqg 66voprq5eni rq percr<intor1.

0'Evo por.

4.34. 'Evog dv0ponoS perortve ( rdnoto q-

vrrre ipevo rctrd 2 pirpo oot<tllvtog rou66vapr1 rord rqv rore60uvotl rq5 percrd-trrorls. Iog (qrod;re vo unotroyfo€rs rrlvrr;.r11 rrlq 66vopqg paor(6pevor oro YtYo-v6g drr rord 'rq petcrfvqorl ourq o dv-0pcono5 peroprpd(e r oro cvrtrefpevo e-vipye ra 7 rldov).. Na 0eoprlocre 6rt 6evoore irot dMq 6dvcpq oro ovrtre ipevo.

4.35. 'Evo cvrrrefpevo 150 ypcl. tpopfcovrrpoo6ive'rcr oro drpo Suvopdperpou xorperoroni(erot rrdvo oe opr(6vrro entrpd-vero rcrd 20 erqtooro.Kurd rr1 6rdpr<ero rq5 peroxivqons rou ro6uvop6perpo 6erlver orc0epd 0,3 N. Ic5(qroripe vo unotroYioere

a) ro ipyo rrlg brivopr15 nou qorei ro 're -

vr<opivo vrlpo oro cvrtre lPevop) rqv evdpyero nou petoprpdorqre oroqvrrKefuevo

y) rrlv errrrdluvorl rou wrtretp6vou'

No Oecoprloete rqv rprprl opelqric.

4.36. Atio dvOporror rpopdve ro pcryovd-

ru, ro onofo perortve irot novo ot pdyeSopr(dvrre5.

o) Ynotroyiore ro oltr6 ipyo nou er<retrei-rsr ond tr5 opr(dvrre5 6uvd;ret5 Fr : 200

N ror F, : 300 N ()€ U€r0r6filor1 50 m'p) l-lpoo6ropfors ro pirpo pro5 dllr15 66-voFrls, q onoio 0rr errelo6oe to 6ro dpyooorodpevrl opt(c'vrto und ycovio 45' otoXiorl pt rqv nprqyoti;revq ;rerorcintoq.Aivovrqt or rrpig rov ycovr<rrv qr = 30" rqtq2=bu

4.37. Ol)ttrr. vc prerocp6pers ivo dnrntroon6 rq prc yc,rvicx (A) rou 6opro'r(ou orrlvdllq (B).

u) floro 6pdpo oug oup<pipet vc orolou-Oqoere rov A C B 11 rov A D B;p) Xprlorponotqorire ro orotXeic nou qvo-

ypdgovror oro o1(po Yto vo unoloyioerero ipyo rqq rprprl5 rord rrg peroxrvqoer5ACBToTADB;Kard rrlv otrioOqor1 orq por6ro q 66vopqrplp{S eivot T, == 200 N, evr6 oro ncprd

H TAOIIA THI ENEPIEIA>

C B

napKe

,.'F,

.F-- ,Dt,lm

T

e

Page 191: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

orls rou KOrd T|s svrfororxss xpovrKrs oflY-pig 6ivovror orrri rov napordro nivqxq.

Xp6vos (s) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5Merordnroq (m) 0 1,25 5 'l '1,25 20 31,25

Orrd{re ivrrv n(voro pe enrd orryleg r<ori{r oerp65. E;dlre orrs 6rio np<6re5 orqle5rr5 rrpig rorr Xpdvou Kor rrls peror6nroqg.Ynoloyiore or4 ouvdXero rrg noporcdrcrlnoodrrlreg r<cr ye ;riorr rrg undlorne5 orq-leg pe rq onort l ioporo. Kd0e pto or 'ouri5 ovoqrfpercr oro po16p6rvo orrr;.roKor ors ovriororleg lpovrrdg orrypig.o) To 6q,ro5 ndvor qn6 ro i6o<po5. p) T4popurrxq 6uvoprrrq ev6pyuo og npog ro d-6o<pog. y) To prirpo rq5 roXdrqrog. 6) Trlvrcrvrlrrrrl evilrye rc. e) Tq prlXovrrrl evipye ro.

4.44. Bprordlroor€ o€ ivo pnokdvr oe 6q,rog8 m ond ro i>pdpo <or erorpev6ovi(oupre ivoovrrxe rpevo rilcryro rpos ro ndvo He 4 m/s.Me ndorl rqgirrlro <pOdver oro i6ogog;

4.45. To popi6r M, iler pd(o 100 g xor ilernpoo6e0ef oro drpo evd5 vqporo5. To vrl-po nepvde r rrnd orcivqrq rpoXolio Kor orodllo drpo rou npoo6ivrror ro popi6r M,

pd(oS 200 g €rotcrrore rq 66o rpr l -p0r0 rou vr'1poro5vo e ivor rcrordpu-q0.Iuyrporo6p€ r066o popi6ro rrrorevo e ivor orfvqro

Mz Kor vq ppioxovror-oro dr<po rou rr-

vr<rlpdvou vrlporo5- Kor ro 6rio oe 6rgog50 cm on6 r-o d6ocpo5. To ocprlvoupe orqouviXero e},60spo ondre ro M, rrveirorl rpos ro d6<rcpo5 evci ro M, ovipXeror.Io5 (qroripr va npoplig€r€ rqv ro16rq-ro rou ro0e'rdg rord rr1 orryyq rrou qrri-

Xouv u\uopsl'prrd r<ord 80 cm. No 0eorpq-o€rs rrlv rpr[]4 cpelqrio.

Tz=70N.

4.38. fl6oq evipyera npdner vo peroprpd-ooup€ os ;rro nfrpo 200 ypop;ropicov yrov0 rns npoo6c6ooupe ruXdrrlroa) 4 mls P) 8 m/s y) 20 m/s

4.39. I-l6oq evipyero npiner vc peroprpd-ooulis os pro nirpo 300 ypcppopicov ri-ort vq rrlv erogev6oviooupe opr(dvrro c-nd 619o5 1,25 m Kor vo g0doe r oe opr(d-vrro orr6oroorlq)2 m B)20 m;

4.40. H r<op6rd 6ive r 1 Joule oe xdOe Xr6-no. Err;rrlore ro otrlrd ipyo nou 6ivrr pror<crp6rd oe pro (or1. O Olu;rrrog iler dqo529181t(.rpa. Ynoloyiore rq pd(o rou oco-poros rrou rrp6rre r vo ovur1rcrroere q'n6rqv enrcpdve ro rqg 0dloooos orrlv Kopu-cprl rou OtrJpnou, dro,e vo nporotrioerro6{11o11 6uvoprxrlg evipyero5 ioq pre rqv e-vipye ro nou preroprpd(eror on6 rrlv r<op-6rd oe ;rro (cor1.

4.41. Me d[r oupnoye f5 r6poug ivq nor6iicprro{e 6leg ourig'rrg rorooreu6g.Kci0e x6po5 iler dyxo 64 cm'rqr pd(o a00 g.

Io5 (rlroripe vo unoloyioere rr1 Suvoprr<r1evdpyero (og npo5 ro i6ogo5) rdOe <qrq-or<eu115.

4.42. Er<ro{e6oupre npog rq ndvo ;ro rri-rpo pd(o5 120 ypopyopi<ov. tld'or1 evip-yao np6rr€r vo rns peroprpdooup€ yro vo<p0doe r o) or rjqog 2 m p) oe 611,ro9 10 m;

4.43. 'Evq pol6B6rvo oripo pe pd(o a kg c-rpqvrrcr ond 6rjog 45 m ndvco on6 ro 66o-<pog. Or rrpig rq5 r<oroxdpugqg perordnr-

345

Mr

I-1 IAO>:A THI ENEPIEIA:

I

e

Page 192: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

4.46.'Eva r<ouri 400 g og(veror orrlv Ko-pugrl rexfupivou errrni6ou oe 6tpo5 50 cmon6 ro d6ogog r<or otrro0oive r ;riXpr noug0dver oro i6arpog. Ic5 (qro6;re, Oeorpc,i-vros rrlv rprprl opelrlrio, va unoloyioe'rec) ro ipyo raOeprd5 on6 ttg 6uvdper5 nouoorodvror mo cvrtreipevop) rq peropol4 tns 6uvoprr45 evipyero5ror rq peropolq rqg rrv4rrrrl5 evfpyerogrord rq prrcxivrloq ourq.

4.47. H prrprl o<poipo ouv6deror pe 6rio d-poro elarrlprc ror e rrele i rotrovrc6oerg otopr(dvrro errr<pdve ta pe rprpi5 oorl;rc-vre5. Aivovror or ncpord'rco nlrlporpopieg.

Tqreftan o) 4 pd(o rr15 ogorpo5 F) q oro-0epd r<dOe eAorrlpiou y) q pdyrorrl ruX6rq-ro rrls ogoipo5. Tr oupnepdopora pyd(e-rr yro rqv e{ifu{r1 rrlg otrrrrlg evfpyerogrou ouorqycro5;

4.48.To ruhv6pr16 o<rl;.ro I., iler pd(o 200g evcrr ro I, 360 g. ApXrrd ouyrpcrrod;re roo6orrlpo Kor ot rdrrotq ortyprl ro orprl-voup€. floro 0q eivcr q roXdrqro rd0e oc6-porog d'rov ro I' 6Xe r perorcrvqOei rord

10 cm; H yrovio rou rexlrpdvou enrrri6oue ivor o = 3a" ffpr[ii5 opelrlrdeg).

4.49. Or 6roordrre rg rou ldorrXou rr lqogevrdvog eivar odpgcovo pr ro ox4pCIAO = OB : 10 crr 6rqv ro ldorrXo 6ev ei-vor revr<opivo. H ondorqoq r<rlv 66o d-Kpov rrls 6rXdtra5 eivor AB = 12 cm. 'Evcr

prrpd Xotrir<r pd(ct5 20 g ore pe ulveror orooqpreio O.Kporcovrog or€p€(i pe ro ivo Xdpr rq 6rXd-tro revrr6voups pr ro dllo ro ldorrXo pi-

1pr ro oqpe io O'.Tc6pc eivor AO' : O' B = 25 cm. H otl{r1-orl rns 6uvoprr<r1<; evipye rog tivor ioq pe112kx'dnou x : OO' ror k prro orc0epd,11 onoio yra ro ldrrrrXo e ivcr 80 N/m.Agrlvoupe ro ldo'rrXo. Me noto raXdrrlroer<ogev6ovf(erar ro Xolfrr;

4.50. l-loipvou;re fvo roppdrr ondyro 40cm, oro ivq rou dr<po npoo6ivoupe dvo pa-

fi,.:1

rtF,l I

-o

O6on x(cm) u(m/s)U(J) K(J)

1 27,0 0 0,091 0 0,091I 0,26 0.084 0.007 0 0913 22,8 0,065 0,025 0,090A 17,8 0,70 0,040 0,049 0,089

d---=*A

Page 193: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

-o

pi6r 100 I Kor ro dMo drpo ro ouyrporod-

Hr p€ ro Xipr pog. Ar1;rroupyefrcr dror ivqvrlpo rqg mdOpqg. flpoo6iboupe mo Bopi6ropr(6vrro ruldrqro 5 cm/s xord rpdno c6-orr vq exrelioer rurfurq r<iv4or1 oe rorord-purpo enine6o. Iag 4qro6pe, poor(dpevororo v6po 6rarrlpqoqg rrlg pqlovrrrl5 evip-yeros vo ono6ei{ere 6rr q rivqo4 ourrl 6evpnopeivo eivor opatrq rur<furr1. Iag ft1rorlpeenioqg vo unoloyioere o) rqv rcX6rrlrorou ovrrKauivou 6rqv neovder qrr6 ro o-vc6repo oqprio rqg rpold5 r<or p) rr1 66va-pq q onoio ooreiror orov rtvropivo ond-yro rord rq mryprl ereivq. H rprpq Kdr rl o-vrimooq rou odpo 0eorpo6vrar opelrlrie5.

4.51. A6o oc{roro pe ioeg pd(eg ouv6iowarpe ivo elarqpro Kor oKrvrlro6v ndv<rr os opr-(6wro leio 6dne6o. Aorrirvrag opr(6wreg o-vriOereg 6uvdperq oro o6orqpo, nporotro6-pe oupnfeorl rou elorrlpiou rard x : 2 cmKor orrl ouviXero orprlvoupe etre60epo ror ro66o ocoporo rourdlpovo. Ynotroyiore rqvrcrXdrqro rdOe oopcrog rq mrypq nou roelor4pro 0c {cvoppeOef oro guorr6 rou p4-xoq. Aiveror ri moOepd rou elorqpiou k : 9N/m ror rl pd(o rdOe oc6porog m = 40 g.

4.52. Mrq prrpq Xol6p6rvq ocpuipc ou-yrpo6rrcr pc pro dMq pero}hrq ocporpa i-oqg orrivo5, I orroio rlrov orivqrq. floro5rpine r vo eivor o tr<iyo5'rcov po(r6v rcov66o orporpdlv riore perd rrlv rpo6orl vo rr-vqOodv pe roX6rrlreg iorov pdrp<ov cMd o-vtiOerqg rore60uvorlg; Oecop(ore 6rr rordrqv xpodor; q p4Xovrr<q ev6pyero rou ou-orrlporog 6ev nopouoiooe roprd peropo-trry. Ael0eire enioq5 <1rr q oppq rqg rrvo6pe-vr15 ogofpog, nprv on6 rq o6yrpouorl, r<o-reu06veror oro riwpo rqg crcivqr45.

4.53. Er<ogev6ov(oupe rrpos ro ndvrr: proprrprl pnotriroo 30 ypoppopicov pe roX6-rrlro 6 cm/s ror aurrl rpOdver oe 6rpog 130cm, Iog (qrodpe vo unoloyioere c) nd'or1evipyero peraprpdoape orrl ynclfroo Kol

H IAOIIA THI ENEPIEIA:

p) n6oo elorrc60rlre r1 pqXovtrq evipyerorcrd rrlv ovo,:rrr1 r45 r<iv4oq, tr6yo rq5 o-vrforoorlg rou o6po.

4.54. Orqv c cxrpopdrqg nicprer on6 6-rgo5 1 m ro 6iXru rou roiprou pouhd(e rr<ord 50 cm. lloro eivsr ro etrdXroro 6qog-ond ro 66orpog- oro oroio np6ne r vorevroroef opr(d'vrro ro 6tXru, tiore ot q-rpopdreg vo ;.rnopotiv vc nigrouv srr6 tj-qros 16 m 1c,r1lig r<iv6uvo;

4.55. O BooiTr Ale[iyrecp unqp{e yro notr-Id 1p6vra ncyr<6oprog nporo0trqrqs orrlvdpoq Bopc6v, Mnope ire vo unoloyioere14 (pio4) rotr6 nou ovinru{e os pro rounpoond0ero rord rqv onoia orlrooe 254kg oe 1,20 m pioo oe 1,5 s;

4.56.'Evo ou'rorivrlro 1.200 kg <nrdver> tu72 kmlh pdoo oe 6 6e urep6trenra.Ayvo<6vrog rqv ovrioroorl rou oipo urro-loyiore rrlv rrryri rrou onarrqOqxe.

Page 194: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ano ro 3r8\ioH e{dr{r1 rav 6ecbv orrl @ucttxq

rov A. Einstein - L. Infeld.

Tc pcyovtircoAq )utpryoouye rqv xivqorl rou Ao,i'xo6 naryw6rc6 roo lrlyrottpyei Epxiaory Kat rou ro

ovopd(ouv <puyovdrnx'Eva pxp6 puyovdru avtpd(erat q onpbyverar oro rpryA6repoor1yeio rr1q rpoydq.'Orav agrlvtrar eAti9epo, apXi(et yE rrlv tvifipaorl rou pdpoug rouva xuA6, TTpoS rd xdr<u, 6ortpa avepa,ivtt xat xarepaivet xard pry<oq pngypaltyrlq gdvrs-onxd xapnfAqs, npoxaAdvraq o' auro6c,rou ilvat pf.oa tva piyoc, pe ng an6roptq o)Aa-ytq rrls raXrjrr1raq. To mo qqA6 orlyeio {van xeivo an6 ro ono,b {eruvd, ro payov6,n xa,tro 6,.1toq aur6 6ev 0a ro {avaErdou orqv rropeia rou. Mn nA4pns neprypaE4 rr1c, xivry-o4q 0a qrav noA6 nepinAoxrl. Yrapytr, and rq yia' q ltqXcwxrl nAtupd rou npopAqparoc,,or aAAuy(.g raXrirqraq xat 0tor79 p(.oa oro ypdvo, n an6 rqv dNtq n rp94 rcu xsrd, ouvt-Tras rl a6{r1oq rqS )tpltoxpctoiac, mq p&yeq xat orouq rpoxo6q. O p6voq orlyavnx6gAS-yosyts rr1 \niptorl roo guorxo1 gauoytvoo o' suri.q zg 6uo 6qteg, eivar va, xdvooltt 6o-varq rq Xp4oq twoui.w rou ou(qrrl9rlKav rporlyo1yeva. H 6nip,eoq o\qyei o' 6va 6ear6reipapa, enet|q (.va guotrc6

Eaw6pevo 6nou 0s, tpEav(5-ravt povdya q pr1yavrcr16qq,

lttropotiltt va ro gavrsoro1pe,6yt 61tu9 Kc; va ro rpcypc,ro-notrTooUltt

frc, ro 6es,r6 rtipa;tct pro-po6pe va gavraoro1pe muq, xd-notog xardEept va neptopioet o-AoxAqpwnxd rrlv rp$q rou ou-voiuiet ndvrct rqv xivr1or1. tlaip-ver Aom6v rqv ar6Eaoq va eEcplt6ou rqv cvarcdAuqq rou orryv r.tpirnuto4 pas, xa rpinuva pptt ltdvog rou rov rpdno yn vs rqv rpayparonouyou... Ag napaxoAot-t?r1oou1tt rqv xivq-on rou 6uro6 payovni ndvu-t ong 6eart9 payeg, {trcvu:vraq- arTo rq orryp4 nou apXi(et vaxarepaivu and r7v aEerrlpia.'Ooo rcveiru, 11 ar6maoq'rou ctrd ro tlagog luxpafvel a)Ad,rl raytirqrd rou pqakixer H Ep*orl aurrl pnopei, and nprinry pa''td, va pag {avaEtper oropoa)6 rq gpdoq an6 ro yd)qpc {tvrlgyAtfiooaq: <<Aev tytu 1loA6pt, o/.Ad tyere 6fi roproxd-han. Erolrrl 6ptog 6ev eivcx 16oo xourq. Av64ttoc oro yeyovSg 71rg 6ev tXco yoA1pt Kcrr oro6n wdg tytt tQ roprorc1An, 6w undpytt xaltn oytoq, oild un'ipXtt pn noA6 TTpxypcrrxr1 efdprqor1 avdyeoa orqv an6oraoq rou payovtoti sn5 ro i6ogroq Ku rnv rayirryrd roo.Mnopotjyt va onoAoyiooupt rnv raXtirqrarou payovtoti o'oron\qnorE orryH4, av ftpooytot. n 6rpoq ppioxeran rrdvw un6 ro t6aEoc,. tlapokinoopt. 61twq 86i/-r sur6 ro orllttio t{at-ricq rou rooonxol Xaparcrrlpa rou, nou tt<gpd(eru xoAtjrtpa Stt Sn0qpanxo6q rinooc,.

.."1

fkl:'?\ . i ,7

T

X

e

H IAO:IA TH: ENEPIEIA:

Page 195: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Lro av<brepo orlpeio, q raXtjr7ra rou payovro1 eivat yr$€v xat ro pay6w ppioxtrat 30ptrpa ndv<u an6 ro t6agoc,.'Orav ppioxtrat oro yayqA1rtpo oqpeb, 6u ro Xupi(u xa-ptct anSoraorl sn6 ro E6cgo9 xat rl raylrryrd rou Erdvu orrl ptyrcrq nyr1. Ta 6e6oprdvoaurd pnopotjv vc tKEpaoroiv pe dAAooc,6pouq: Zro 'qqA6rtpo oqpeio ro payovdru (.Xetfiuvaprcl ev{,pyen, aAAd dXt xcx nvqnrq ev€pyen q uipyua xivqoqg. Zro yaltqA6rtpoor1peio tyer rr:' peyaAtjrtprl ruvqnxq evtpyen, aAAa 6p xat 6uvapxq. L' 6Aa ra ev\dpeoaoqp{a, 6roo 6.Xet pn oprcp€vr1 rayrjrqra xcx ppioxtrrx o' tvct optoltfuo rj'4,toc,, (yer rau-r6ypova xar ruvr1nxr1 xat 6uva1.uxr1 evi.pyen. H \uvapxq evtpruo ou{dver pt ro 6,goq, e-vtb 11 nvrlnxq ptyaAtbvtt, 5oo cu{dvtt q raytrqra. Ot apXi.c, rqc, pqyawxr1c, apxodv va e-€qyrloouv rqv xivrloq. 2rr1 ya1rlpanxrl reprypaErl tyouyc 66o ercgpdo€ry ya rqv pvEp-yen. Ka)tqtd rouq pe'rapdAAerat ctAAd ro d1potopd rouq rapaptvet ora1tp6. Eivcx Aorn6v \uvardv va opiooupe pa)qStanxd xat a,uorrlpd ng i.vvorcg rrTS \uvapxqq evtpyengrou tfctprdran an6 rq )toq, xar qq ruvqnxqc u(pyarc4 nou t{aprdrar cn6 rqv rayrjrq-ra. H ercayuyrl aurtbv ruv 66o 6pun e(vat pepaiwg su)sip€rq Ksr 6ev &xatoAoyeirarnapd an6 Adyoug &eux6fuxor1s. To d1potopa ruv 6oo n<toorqruv ptvu ora)epd xst o-voltd(ucr ora)tpd rrlq xivrloqg. H ofuxr1 evtpytn, xrvqnxq xat 6uvapxr7, ltropei va ou-yxpt)ti 1tc tvct ofux6, cg rro1pe y€ Xp4lrct, nou ytvtt aperdpAqro oe noodrqrc, aAAd nooynopei ouveXd4 va perarpireru sn6 (.vs, ei6oc, voyioya'roq o' dAAo, an6 \oAAdpru, aqnoiye, oe Aipeq, xat avriorpogct, oiyguva pt xa1oprolttvty avrcAAarcnxq oXtory.

Zra npaypanrcd payovdrua, 6rou ot rp${.q estro\i(ot: ro payovdrct va {avaErdoetro 6,poq anr6 ro oroio {txivryoe, un6,pyet tdvrct Hn ouv€ 4c, evaAAayrl avdpeoa orqv Kt-vqnxq xat rr7 \ovayxq ui.pylc' E6dt dyuq ro d.1potolta 6tv nctpap(.vet ora)epd, aAAdpexi.werar. T<itpc Xpud(trar tvc cuccJpa onoo\ctio xat 1appcil(.o pqpa, yn va ouvSiooopeplra{ti rouc, nl yqXawxrl rcat 1tppxq rAeupd rr1c, xivrlorls, O nAoiroq ruv ouverudr xc.truv yevtxt1o€u)v nou npoxlnrouv arr' surd ro pqpa, 0a 5oavti apydrepa.

Lrqv xivtlory ynAtxtrar r<bpc1 66r, reprco6repo cnd rqv rcvrynrcq xat rr1 6ova1trcr7 cvtp-y€.n: q 0tpltxq evipyen. Avnorotyti orqv eAd,rruorl rrlc, Hnxctwxrlc utpyttctg, 6qAa6qrqg nvqnrcqc KCil rrlg |ovaltxrl1 evtpyerug; Aev 0' apyr1ott va Eavei yn v(.ct orr60eor1. Avpnopei vct )eupq)ei oav popg4 evi.pyeng, rdre io<aq ro 6'0poropa ruv rpri-tv evepyerbv0tpyxr1c, iuvapxrlc Ko.t KNrlrK4g, rapaptvet ora1tp6.

-h

I'] IAO>IA TH' ENTPIE A)

Page 196: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H Oep;.rorpooia r And rov folrlaio orov Kdtroro o H r<liprorco Kelvirr o

Oepprrrl roopponio . Oepgrjrqru xcr 0rpyorpuoiu o H 0epefuc66q<;e-(iooorl rq5 0eppr6operpio5 o Er6rr<r1 Oepporqro o Mto geppdrrlro lrw-0dvouoq r H OepFrirqrq eivsr prroprpo(ripevrl evdpwrc . H CIpx4l-ns6rar{pqoqg r4g tvdpyaus . O nptirrog vripog r49 0rppo6uvoprx{r; oOr 66o prlXcvropof avrotrluyq5 evipyero5 o Evdpye ro eooreprrrl r Evdp-ysro Kor plxprixoopog I Aropo r<or pdpru o Eooreprxrl evipyero xor pr-rp6<oqro5 o Krvrlrrx4 eeopiq rcov oepio:v o O &rirrpos vtipo5 rrp5 0ep-po6uvoprrri5 o i\nd rn or<-rrrd rou por<p6r<ool-tou . H evipye ro urro-

Bcl0;rf(erur r And rrl oro'nto rou ;rrrpdxoopou o Evrponio o To rpal'uri-pevo (to{ 3 XnFrKri rvdpyuc o H}rnx4 arrrvopolio I frls Qupn0o(iFe. Nq ovqporq0o6pt o Nu )\6oouFr npopl{yurc r NrorouFdvro.

Page 197: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

o )dAqrcs ppd6n(e

oav rov o\pdpyupo nou yay7Ati:vetye ro np<isro E0ru6nupo

Nir<oq-A.li{4 c, AoAdv oyAo o

H errccpq H€ ro 0epp6 11 ro qru1p6 oc6po pdg 6qproup-ysi ro yvalor6 oio0qpo. To rxio0rlprq €ivor ufioK€rl-rsvr-rc6. Irov i6ro 1c6po 6vcg rpucirver, 6vog dtrlog (eorafvrror. (DqvT croreire rr6oo oopoprl 0o eivor 11 Erocpcrrvioavdpreoo o' dvqv Eorcprc6o rr ,fvqv Kevudrrl ov ppe0o6vdvo peorlpepdr<r oe rrtroreiq tqg Adproog ror 0el(oouvvc prrlrloouv yrq rrs rfuporrr,:ig ouve{K€S eraivou roupeorl;reprori.

H 0epporpqoiq eivqr ro piyeOog rrou errrv6rloov ordvOporror yrs vo prroporiv vo <po€proloyofv> ovrrrerpevrrdrqv arrio rrou rrpoKolef our6 ro oio3rlpc. Ee 6e6opivq orrypqono6i6oupre, Iorrr6v, oe rd0e oc6pra .rro rrprq 0epporpooiog oerpdno c6o're rl rrp( aurq va e(vor rorvq yro 6oo or6para ppi-oKovrdr orqv i6ro r<ordorooq.

frq vq ro Korovoqooupe rql6 0o eivqr vs Oiooupe ro rrp6-

PInUo oe 66o po0pf6eg. Irq'u rrp<6rq qvqp<rlrr6proore

r<itq Oa ouyrpivoups rrS Oep'prorpoorordg petapotrdg.O npoBlqporro;.r69 0a yog c6qyrloer orrlv Kcrooreuqtou Oepproor6rrrou. Iro 6e6'r€po fiqpqKolou0o6pe rr16rq6r r<ooiq 6qp roupyfos H ro(; Oeppror<poor orq5 rdipo-KqS, F€ pdoq rqv onoio 0a ;rnoporiF€ vq ono6i6oupeoe rdOe Oepprrr; rqr-dor-soq dvcv opropdvo oprOpd,. Avecpo6rdooup€ ro 0e pproor6n ro p€ rr lv r l iproro, 0o 6-

XouH€ rrrs 6vs 0epp6perpo.

j

e

Ano rov fotrrtroio orov KdtroroIe pro erlopl odv rrl 6rrrl pog, rrou efproore e{orreroprivor voororipe rov sK(povryrq rou pereorpo,\oyrxod 6elriou vo prlder

H ENEPTEIA AIATHPE]TAI KAI YTIOBAOMIZETAI

Page 198: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Oeppoordnro rou 17ouorr0vo. Mouoeio rov

enrmqptirv. 0htopevrio

yrc rrl (€o"rq Kor ro Kp6o H€ qpr0po6s, eivqr f-ocrrs 66oKotro vcr gcvroorodpe 6rr fiprv drr6300 1p6vro 6ev ei le ppe€tei fvag dv0pcD'nog,vo errrvorloe r rdrroro rpcirro yrc rn pdrprloqrcov 0eppoKpCIor6v. Koveig 6ev prrropofoe voKqeopfo€r (f i6oo) (eor6reprl r lrov pro pipocrr6'rr1v npoqyoripevq.

Or rrpcbreg rrpoorrd0e r€S yrq vcx rrpoo6ro-prore i 11 6ropd0proq ovdpeoo oro r<p6o ror ro

1to-r6 dploav ro'rd rc rilrl rou 16ou qrc6vq

rar 66rrrosv ro Oeppoox<irno.'Hrov ro rrpcir-ro 6pyovo Hs rq orro(s i'yrve 11 ofyrprorl ovd-

F€oCI oro rp6o ror ro (tor6 Xcopi'S rrlv rro-peppolrl cxvOpc6rnvou oro0rlporog. To rrpcfroOeppoor6rrro paor(6rqv r)rrl 6roorotrq rou o-dpc. Flpin€r vo €firvoqOr1re KGr vo KqrooK€u-dorqre orrd ro lcrfulcio tlrq i 593, rqv enoXrl

rrou rl petrirq rrlg cgrjorlg iye r crpXfo€r vo €yKqrolefner rrlvrpold rrls Trororrrq5 neprypoq4S KGr vo erodpleror Kor orrlvneprolrl To)v rrooor(rov Ksr ro)v <rprOprc(rv. Tov errdpevo qrcil-vs KqrooKeud(ovrcxr dpyovcx nou poofZ,ovror orrl 6raorotrqrov uypr6v. ApXrr<i XpqorHorroreiror ro vr,p5, cxpy6repc rpaoi

=rt

e

Page 199: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

,1

e

Xpopqrtol-rivo orvdrrveupo rqr rrolir orrdvrc ld6r. H or<6r.pqvCI Xprlolponorq0e i u6pdpyupog ulorrorrlOrp<e pr6vo ro 1721 s-n6 ro fep;rov6 Daniel Fahrenhei t (Nlrdvrel (Dopevdrr , 1686-1736), rrou d6cooe Kor rs rrpr6ro 0rpp6prrpu H€ rq orjylpovqfworc.

Iro prera{6 11 r6ia vq qrro6i6€r(rt ro Oeppd rcr ro rptiopre opr0po6g d6<ooe rrg rrpc6'reg po0poloyqoe rg, nou oplxdunrlp{ov evrel<ir5 ouOoipere5. M67rrg ors 1694 o Renaldini0o nporeive r 11 po0po}6yqorl vo olqpi(€rcxr o€ 66o orqOe-pri oqpeio-0ep;.roxpqoiss, oe 66o 6qlo6r1 opr0po6g o116rous ofioioug o rrp<6'rog vo ovrrororle ( orq o'roO€pn -d-rrcrrg rr ioreue- 0epprorpoofo orrlv ofiofo er<6qk6v€Tor rocporvdpevo rns r4Erls rou rrdyou ror o 6erjr€pos orrl 0eppo-r<poofo -oroOe pq rr ourrl Srrcog n ioreue- rrou ppd(e r rovepd,. Tq 66o surd orlpreio 0o 6rlproupyotloov o16 rer rsrrrdpo rdrrorq rclfproro.

Or rreproodrepor 6FrS, erno'rr lpoveg apvr6vrouoqv 6rr oppoop6g'rou vepo6 yrvdtov oe orcrOeprl 0e ppor<paoio. Irq6rdpr<e ro T <rrv rrevrlv'ro 1p6v<ov rrou txrolo6Orloov, 6ev drrcxq-revc ovc(rlreir-or rdrroro rlfporco e6rrtlrl ror e{urrrlperrrrl. Ae-rcd6eg 0ep;.:orpcororig r<tripoxeg rrpordOqrov, o116 rrg orroie566o end(r1oov prilpr Kqr rrlv enoXq pog. H npr6rr1, 11 rlipor<onou rrp6'rcrvr o Fahrenheit oto 1714, efuar or6po oe 1p(oqorrg Hl-lA.

Irq 1 741, o Iour166g oorpovdpog Anders Celsius (AvrepgKiloroug, 1701-1744) tQe rrlv r6do v,: urlo6rqrpdoer ro Oep;ro-rpoorcr6 6rdorqpro cvdpreoo orq [6o o'ro0epd oqpre io rouRenaldini, oqpe rc6vovrqs orrlv rr1{r; rou rdyou rov oprO;rd100 rsr orov ppaopd rou ve porl ro,r opr0;16 0. Evvrd lpdvrocpy6repo 11 npdroorl 0o ovoo'rpCI$'e f yrs vo e6pcr<o0e( qrrd

r6re 11 loyrr( (ear6-peydAot aptoltoi', rcp1o-lttxpoi apfipoi rcclvo cprdooups orrs orlpeprvdg ergpdcrerg <ro 0ep;.r6pre'rpo irre-oe> 11 <ro V6XoS eivsr rdrco qn6 ro prq6fv>.

And rqv enopl rrou urroorqprlrrlxe crr6 rq fotrtrrrq E0vo-ouvdleuorl ro 6er<q6rrd oriorqpo oov rcrsllrll6repo yro rrsprerpqoerg, rl €Korovropd0pro rtrfproro Keloiou dpXroe vo €fit-rpore i.

H ENEPTE A A ATI]PEITA KAI YNOBAOM ZETA

Page 200: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I r \ r l t \ 'H KAipoKo KeAolou

fro vo opiooupe pe orp(pero ro or1;refa 0 rqr 100 tr15 Keloro-

rrlg xl(porcg,'rrpirret vo ndpoupe urr'6qrr1 pog 6rt ro o1;reio

r(€rls Kdr ro oq;reio ppoopo6 enrlped(ovrqt qrr6'rqv e{,urre-

prrrl'nfeoq. Aipe, trorrr6v 6rt <uq 1epyoxpaoia 0, opi(erat r7'}epltoxpaofa

rr1€qc roo ndyou oe nieorl plcl{ arySoqdtpdc

rqt svrforolxCI ro or1peio 100 opi(*'d' rlrC q )epyorcpdoic'

orqv onoio ppa(et ro vep5, oe nircr1 prc'q ary6ogorpog' Ko-

Oeprrd o116 rrq 100 povd6€S, orls orroieg rrrro6ratpeirql ro l-l€-ro[6 roug 6rdorqpcx, otro'relef rr1 0epporpoorarq povd6o

nou triyerot ivog iiaep6q KeAoiou ror ouprpoli(*an pre 1"C'

ztz r - 373 K

21f K

- - ! t ) w- OK

H onotrurq rtriporo Keh'inTo 19o otrilvo, 6rsv nlo or orrd'r1'rerg Ylo rl'l Oepporpooio e ilov

orotrou0qoer rnv e€ihtn rr19 0eppo6uvo;rrrq5, o l6p6o5 Kelvin

(1824-1904) npdr€rv€ rrl ley6pevq an6)lorn rcAipaxa 1epyo'

xpaottbv, 11 orroicx ipprore 0ecopqrrrcrl 6rrtxi<oor1 cn6 rq 0eppo-

6uvcxprr<4. Eivcrr pra r l iporo hy6re po ouOaiperrl o116 rrg

npoqyo6peveg yrori 6ev poof(eror ot ou0ofpero enrtrtypfvq r-

6r6rqto o6re oe dva oproprdvo 0eppo;rerp116 oc6pa, otrld oe i- rv

,!

e

rl ENI;PlElA AIATHPELTAI KAIYtIOBAOM t ry

Page 201: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

vq Y€vtKd v6Fo rrls guotK4s.E6c6 cog or1;.re(o pq6dv (qndlu'ro pr16dv) rrpore iverqr rl KCI-

rrilrepq oprorrl Ospporpooio, q orroio -o6prcpcovo pe rq Oep-po6u,yoprr<r1- pnope i vo undp€,er pdou orq <p6oq.

Av ouppol(ooupre pre T ror 0 rrg ev6ei{srs rtrlv 6uo rfuprdrorvKelvin rqr Keloiou rrou qvrrororxorlv orqv i6ro 0epprorpooio0o roXder T : 273,15+e. Oo Oeoporipre r<ard npoofyyrorl T :273+0.

lro rrg 0ep;.ror<poorordg peropotri,; roXder AT : A0.

O.plrrrq roopponioAu'r6 rrou <6ei1ver> ivq 0epp6perpo e ivqr 11 0epporpooio(rou). Mrrope f dF<rls vo prerpde r Kcrr rrl Oepprorpooiq dllovoopdrov. H 0eppopdrpnoq poof(e-ror orqv e6troyr1 napo6o-

1q 6rr tg6oov 66o o<itparq €A)ouv <te enagrl Oa arroxrrToouvxotvr1 9epporcpctoia. Kr our6 yrur(, <t^ro pdrpo rrou prropodpevq €Ffiroreuro6;re rqv ocprl pro5, 61,r ro ovrrre ipevo yivovtote { ioou (co'rd eg6oov 6rcrrqpq0o6v o' errocpq yro oproprivo

lpovrr6 6rdorrl;.ro. Av cpovroo'rodpe, trorrr6v, ro 0epp6perp6

l-rGS vCI ipleror oe errogrl pe rdrrc,ro oc6pro, q 0epporpooionou 0q Eropdooupre, 0o e ivor 0e pporpoo(s xo; rou Oeppopd-Tpou r(0, rou oc6pro'ro5.

Ira 0eppdp€rps nou poo((ovrcc orrl 6roorolq rcov u-ypc6v XpnorHonoreiror ouvr1Oco5 u6pdpyupos erre r6( no-pouord(er notrld rrtreoverr(Frsrrr, oe oXdorl pe dltrc u-ypd. E(vol 'notr6 rol6g crl,<oy6s rrlg 0eppr6rrlros, epcpovG(er oqpov'rrr<( 6roorolrl, 6ev 6ral3pf1er ro yuoli gc(ve-T or e r jrcotro Kor a16pro prnopei \ 'o XprlorForrorrl0ei yrooXerrrd peydlq neproXq 0eppoxpoorr6v, 6e6oprfvou 6'rriler lcxpqld orlpreio rrrl€eroS ( -3,3,8'C) ror rg1116 orlpe (o

ppooporj (357"C).

H ENEPiEIA AIATHPEITAi KAI YTIOBAOMIZETAI

Page 202: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

0rlpeprv(g neipog rorrqq 0eppo6uvapxrlc.

Xprlorponorodrpre rrlv dwora Oep-ptxr1 rcopponfa yro 66o o6poranou ppiorovrc(r oe Oepprrq enorprl

Xorpfs vo erc6rlTrcirverar ropio aMq-yi orq 0epporpooiq rou. H ro6rq-rs 66o Oepprorlroorc6v 6rornoT cbve-rqr F€ ro 0ep;r6p€rpo. Aurd 6FrSrp6per prio nop'o6oX(, rrou 6oo rorvo gaiveror etiloyrl, 6ev eivqr qu-rovdqr4. Orr 6qlo6r1 6rov 66o rlrreproo6repo oc6prorc ppiorovroroe 0epprrrl rooppon(o pe ocirpo O(yra napd6erypro dvo 0eppdperpo)0o ppiorovrqr o€ Oepprrq rooppo-niq rqr pero{ti rous. H np6rooqourrl eivor rqruordlqypo rls Kd-

ouXvd ovo<pipercr ,DS p46€vx6q, v61to9

-h

e

H ENEPII:IA AIATHPEITAI KAI YTIOBAOMIZETAI

Page 203: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

@epyoKpuotuilsr Otpy$r4ru

Eivor olrlOerq 6rr orqv fiopsio rqg errorrlprlg rripcoe fvq e-vruntoorcrd peydtro lpovr16 6rdorrlpro priXpr vo qnooqqqvr-oref 11 6rdrproq avdpreoo orr5 ivvoreg Oepprorpooio ror Oep-pr6rr1ro. E(vqr er(oqg ol(Oero 6rr yrcr rrlv rrsprypocprl rar rqprelfrrl rov 0ep;rrr<r6v gorvoprfvrov or 6uo our6g 6woreg eivorKqr qvqyKCIie5 ror srr'6rr cpoiverar prdlpr oqpepo qvqvrrKo-rdororeg. Mdlprg e6r6 ovogep0qrupre p6vo oe perprloergOepporpoorcbv. Ns 6odpe rr yiveror K(r F€ rq Oeppdrrpa.

l-lpog ro nopdv qS qpK€oro6pe oro 6'11 Oepprirqra eivor <uu-rd> nou peroBrpri(erqr orrd dvo otirpa q' dva rillo, e{ or-riog r4g 6rogoptig rrou nqpouord,(ouv or 0epporpooie5rous. 'Ooo yro rrg ouvinereg ourrlg rqg ou06ppnrns perop(-

PoonS (ponSl eivor 11 o6(qoq orq Oepporpooio rou opXrrdr.l,rulpdrepou ocOprorog xar q eldrroorl oT rl 0epporpooio'rouopprd 0epp6repou. Tq rrpdyprcxro }orrrdv e€elfooovrsr osvqrr<j ro Oeppdperpo oc6pro vcx percprfi1(eran oro rqulp6repoxdn, rroo 0q ro trfpe 0eptrr6rrlrCI.

To nordv rrlg 0o FqS qrrCIcrxolqoer rrpy6repo. Oo errrlerpq-ooup€ fipos ro rropdv vq rrl prelerrlooups fiooorrKd. Aev eivqrnopdloyo vo 6epo6pe 6rr q 0eppr6r-r1rs rrou rrpoogiper 11gl<iyo ev6g tr61vou e ivqr ovdloyq rrf)os rov Xpdvo, ecp6oovrorovotr<irv€Tor pro mcOeprl noodrrlr u rcuofpou orq povd6orou 1p6vou.

H FNEPIEIA AIATHPEITAI KAI YNOBAOMIZETAI

Page 204: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Or yv<oo'ri5 epnerp(es FdS ev0app6vouv vo uroOer(ooupepra rfroro nopo6oX(. Av dloupe trorrr6v pro nqyq oroOepqgOepprxqg nopolq5 0c prroporil.r€ vq ovdyoupe rtg perprloergrrooc6v 0epporrlrog oe perprloerg 1pdvcc,v. frq ro'nood Oep-prdrqrog 0o Xpqorprorrororipre ro snrKpqriorspo odppotro' ei-vor ro Q.

H Bepehcir6rlE e[iocoorlrns B.ppr6operpiosTo epcOrqpo eivor: Ano n efaprdrar q adfqory rrlc )eppoxpa-oiaq evdq od.tyaroq;

H rcoOqpreprvq eprrerpic pdg 6r6dorer 6-rri) ro vep6, ro0c6g rrepvd Q copo, (eoroive'rar 6tro rqr rreproo6-

repo rdOe qopd nou ro pd(oupe vo (eoroOei oro pdrr tqgrou(ivo5

ii) av ou(qooul.r€ rqv troo6rqrCI rou vsprlri 0a Xpe roo're i ne -proo6repog Xp6vog yrc vq ro (eordvoupe

iii) dvo orroro6rlrrore pre'rolfurd ovrrre iprr'vo (eoroiverct rrtoedrotro oe o1ior1 pe vep6 i6rou pdpoug,

H rrerpapurrx{ dpeuvo

H xaOqpeprvq eprnerp(o 6ev e ivor piporo, oprerrl yra va o611-yq0odpe o€ FrCI ordvrrlorl F€ XcxpcrKrqpcr guorrof v6pou. Ei-vor <oo16oo ro0o6qyqrr rr1.

Mdoo o116 rrerpoporrrrl ipeuvo - nopdporo ;re ourrlv rrouqvqn, 6oo€rsr orov €pydorrlprax6 o6qyci- rorol(youp€ oroouprripoopro drrH o6{11o11 rrlg 0epporpooiog rrou rrqpqrrpeiror o' ivq oc6poa) eivsr avdAoyry Tpoq ro noo6 Oeppdrryraq nou perap$6(e-rxr oro o<byap) {vat avnorpSguq avdAoyry TpoC rr1 ya(a (m) roo o<bpa-TOq.

y) e€aprarat an6 rrl E6orl rou uhxo6.H releurqio ourq e{dprrloq neprypdcperqr Hs dvqv ouvre-

leorq - p6ye0o5, o orroiog lfyeror e6xq )qpdrrya rou uAr-

-:e

H ENFFTEIA AIATHPEITAI KAI YNOBAOMIZETAI

Page 205: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Kori KCIr ouppotri(erst F€ ro Ypdppq c. Anorelef 6vo lopcrrq-prorrr6 piye0og rou ultrcod 6r-qv ro rrc6po e(vqt oe oreped q

uypq rotdorCIorl.Me rq Xpnon rcov rqrdl ltr<ov ouppStrcrlv 6ls rq rrcxpond-

v<o prropotiv vq 6rqrurlcoOoriv pre T q )rey6pevq 0epehc66n €qi'-

ooorl rqg 0eppr6operpiqs 66 : Q/mc q

Q = mcAl)

Ie napdpotq oupfi€pdoproro raro,\qyoup€ Kql YlCI rrlv fiq-

porrlpofpevq eldrr<rlor1 0epporpaoio'; rou otriproros o€ nepi-

rrr<oorl rrou rl 0epp6tqro peroprpd(eror an6 ro ocbpo rrpos

ro neprpdMov.

Q = mc(O,.r-Oopx)

Eg6oov 0,o)0oor 0q eivqr ror Q>0 t:vc6 qv O',r(Oopx 0q ef-

var Q<0. To odppotro 6r1lc6q Q on'orelei pro noo6'rqro

Oerrrrl ecp6oov naprordver 0epp6r11rCI qrroppocpo6pevq'

Avri0ero, cv wa<giptrql o€ 0ep;'r6rr1ro rrou rropcrXopei-

rqt qrr6 ivo ocir;ra, eivot l.ttoTroo6rrlrc opvrlrrrcq.

Av poororofpe orrl 0epefuc66q e{iotuoq tq5 Oeppr6opetpioS

prropofpe vc opiooul.t€ Kql Hld povd6cx perp(oe<og Ylo rq rro-

od 0epp6rrlros. H prro 0ep;ri6o -calorie- eivor q provd6c trou

yro rroltrd 1p6vra unqp{,e n srr lKpsriorepq. fts'rov oproprd

rns Xpnorpotorq0qre ro vepd. 1 cal ovoFrd4eror ro noo6 0ep-

p6rqtog, f iou qfiqtte irot Ylc vq qei;4Oef q Oepprorpqo(s 1

ypappcrpiou vepo6 rord 1 poep6 Ketroiou*. H povd6o rrou

rrpordrrrer yrc rrlv er6rrrl 0epp6tqrcx eivqt'ro 1 callg 'C. I(pe-

pq rrou 6treg or Fopqis evipyerog ;rerprcSvror ;re Joule, povd6o

yrCI Tq rrood 0ep;r6rr1tcg 0eopeitor ro 1 Joule, Kdt Yls rrlv €l-

6rrr1 0epp6rrlrq ro 1 J kg'K-'.To yrv6pevo rrls pd(qS ev65 ocirprarrrg erri rqv e 161111 0epp5-

rrlrq rou utrrrod }iyeror 1eppoyutprlnr.frrlra rou ocbporos Kql

* H er6rrrl 0epp6r4ra rov oto;ldrov 6ev e(vqt oroOepq oMd .reropdMerol p€ rrl Oepporpooio' Au'

16 rover cvcryroio va oprmei q 0eppi6a oe opropivq yrxpri neproX( Oeppoxpooiog luyre rprpdvo o-

n6 14,5 'C <r.r5 15,5 "C. Epeig 0o 0eopo6;:e drr ot e r6rxd5 0e p;r6rrpeg eivot oro0e pi5'I

e

Page 206: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ouppoli(erqr FE ro ypdHpq r. H 0epretrrc66qg e{io<rroq rrlg Oep-pr6oprerpiog pnopef trorrr6v vq ypogei FIr rqv e{iocooq Q = xAO

Ie qvri0eon Frs rrlv erErrq 0ep;rdrqro q onoio ovocpdperoroe rdrroro utrrr6, q Oeppolcoprrlrrr6rrlro avagiperqr oe dvsouyrerprp6vo oc6po ror dXer <og ;.rovd6o perprloeog ro 1 JK-'.Afpre, yro nopd6€rypq, 11 er6lrrl 0epp6rqt,r rou vepo6, rou 1ol-rori q rou nsrp€lqfou evc6 qvri0ero liprr: 11 Oeppolcrlprlrx6rq-ra 2 kg vepo6 r1 q eeppolcopqrrx6r4ro ev6g oprop6vou 6o1eiou.

E16rrrl Bepp6rqro'EXoupe rc6po rrrq 6vov rp6no vo perpdpe nood 0epp6rqrogrrou ovrqMdooovrqr ovdpreoo oto 6rdrpopa oc6porq. Mrro-potlpe or6po vo prerpdp€ Kqr rrs er6rrdg Oeppr6rrlreg rrov ufu-r<cbv, Gv poororo6p€ orrl loyrrrl nopo6oXrl 5rt o'dvo Oepprrdqrropovcopdvo odorrlpq ro rroo6 0eppdrqrcxs fiou onoppocpdro t1,ru1p6repo ocSpa eivqr rqrd orrdtrurrl rrprrl ioo H€ ro rroo60ep;r6rqros rrou rrqpox<op€irqr qnd' ro Oeppdrepo. Xperc(6-Hoor€ p6poro pro 6rdro{rl nou vc 6qprroupyei npoOnoOioel5Oepprrd dnopovop6vou ouo'rrlporog, rirorou 611lo611 nou6ev qvrqlldooe r 0epp6rrlro F€ To rrep,rpdltrov rou. Tfrolo6rdro{r1 eivqr ro 0eppl6riperpo, rrou qrrorelefrqr qtr6 6o1eiopre r<clr1 Oepprrrl p6vrooq, rd'n osv ro 1ruroor6 0epp6g.

'Evq orrtr6 0ep;.rr66prerpo vepod qfiorr,treiror o'nd 6o1e(o pevep6 rrou rorroOerqprivo pioo o'6vq pelahlrepo 6o1eio, orrl-pQerd rdvco oe pdoerg on6 <petrl6. To pero[6 roug 6rdrevo,

H EN:PlElA AIATHPEITAI KAI YIIOBAOMIZEIAI

I

e

Page 207: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ro yspi'(oup€ ps Kdrroro ulrKd 6uo0epprayoly6. 'Evo r<opprdrr uo-lopdpporo pnopef va noi{er rKovorrorrlrrrd ro p6lo our6.'Evq0epp6perpo rc dvag ova6eurqpo5 ouprrtrqpc6vouv rr1 6rdro{q.

Mnoporipre rc6po vo perprlooups rrlv er6rrrl 0epp6rrlra cx rouutrrro6 ev6g oc6poros, nou 6ev ovrr6pd lqprrd pe ro vep6. Err6gurr6 ro 0ep;r6prerpo eivor onopoitqrog r<r 6va5 (uy6S. Zoyi(oopelorn6v npororopohrd r-o vep6 (m,) Kur ro oc6po (m,). Oeppoi-voup€ ro ocipro oe rdnoro yvrrlorrl Oeprprorpooiq 0, rqr ro puOi-(oupe oro vep6 rdeivovrog rold ro Oeppr66prerpo. Aur6 nou 6ei-

1ve r -0.,- oplrrd ro 0epp6p€rpo/ e ivorr q opXrrq 0epporpooiorou, dpo Kqr I opxrKrl Oepporpooio'ror.r vepo6. Av cpliooup€ vo

XprlorFonoro6pre rov ovo6eurrlpo, ptri'nouye io 0epp6p€rpo vo<ovepoiver> pflpr nou 0a cprdoer oe rinorq Oepporpaofo oro-Oeprl (0a), prlvupo drr iler enil0er Oep;rrrrl roopponio. liprporvo

Hs rqv napo6olq nou avocpipops npcqyoupdv<rrg ror pe pdoqrov 0epehr66r1 vdpro rqg 0eppr6operpior; 0o roX6er*:

lm,c,(0,.^- 0.,)l : lmrc"(o,.n- 0r)l dprr., : ft ffi .,,

H oX6or1 ;rdg errrrpirr€r vo perprloou;r€ rrlv er6rrcrl 0epp6rrlrorou utrtrco6 rrou Xprlorporrorrloopre {er<rvc6v'rog orrd rqv er6rrcr10eppd,rqr-o -C,-tou vepo6, q orrofc eivor e{ opro;rorj 1 callg'C. To 1 cal roo6uvope i 6n<og eq 6o(rps rruporcdr<1, VE 4,186

Joule. Mnoporjpe, lorrrdv vo rro6pe, )'prlorHofiorc6vra5 ro 6re -0vdg orjorqpra ;rovd6<ov drr 11 rrpq rr15 er6rrqg Oeppdrqros rouveporl etuor 4186 J/kg'K. Eivor pro peydlq rrpq. To vepd epcpovi-(er pra o116 rrg peyoldrepeg rrprd5 er6rrqg Oepprd'rqrog, ovdpre-oq oro 6rdcpopo ufurd. E(vsr ewrd rregrirrou qopds nro <66oro-lo> vu (eoraOef pro pd(o vepo6 oe q4doq Hs prs ioq pd(o or-6qpou. To yeyovd,s 6ev prog e (vor dyvororo. (Drdver vo oKr-groripe rr6oo 66orolo e(vor vo (eoroOe f ro vep6 rrdvco oropdrr rqg rcou(ivog, oe oXforl pe ro ufur<6 rrls Koroop6}cxg piocxorqv orroio pp(oreror. To {fpoupe rrrr qrrd'rrg rcctroxorprvdgprog 6ror<orrig. Ie q1doq ps rnv dppo, ro rrpcrlf 11 Odtroooo r<o-Ouo, e pe f vo (ecrroOe ( evc6 ra arroyipcrro cpyei vc rpu<6oe r.

*Oeclpoript drrro 6oXe(o rou Oepprr66perpou iXer OeppoX<opqrrr<6rqro ooqpcvrrlI

e

F] ENEPTE A AIATHPEITA KAI Y|IOBAOMIZETA

Page 208: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ie dvs Oepprrd qrropovcrrpdvo orjo'rqpq eivor IQ : O.Egdoov yiveror ovrctrtroyq 0ep;r6tqrog ovdpreoo oe

6tio oc6poro fiou av(rouv oro o6orqyo, 0a undple r o)ivq rroo6 0epp6rqros Qo<0 rrou orro66ersr o116 ro Oep-p6perpo ror p) ivq nood 0epprdrqros Qlu>0 rrou qlroppo-gd'rur orrd ro rpulpdrepo. Oa roX6er lorrr6v Qo*Q, : 0

4 Qo : -Q' dPo lQ; : lQ'1.

Er6rrdg 0e ppdrqreg oproprdv<ov ufurccirv oe ikg-'K-'

Y6poydvo (und oro0. nieoq) 14.250Nepd 4.186Av0pc6nrvo oripo 3.470Orvdnveu;.ro 2.420f1e rpitroro 2.100

/ oellds 2.100I-ldyo5 2.090Kqouroo6x 1.880Bev(ivr1 1.700

AlouyfvroTorpdvroMdpprpoTodploAHt oSfuqlfIi6qpr4Xok69M6lul)6og

900880840840820

620-800460390130

H ;reydtrq er6rrcr1 geppdrrlra rou vepo6 iler ouv6rreregor1provT rrc6g. To ve p6 perprd(er rq 0elrporpooio ndvcrrorq fq rqr rdve r rrs f i€proo6repe5 ne proldg rororrqor-preg. Av rrdpoupre urr' dq.rq prog drr rq rlli 'otiropro nepGfiou rqs errrcpdvercs Tou nlovqrq or<e'nd(ovrqr qrrd ve-p6 0o prnopdooupre iocrrg vo ro roratrdpoupe. Kolooorai-eg rroo6'rrlreg qfuorqg 0eppr6rqrCIS qroppogc6vrorro

roloroipra orrd rr5 Odloooeg, rrg lipveg Kor rous rroro-po6g yra vo qrro6o0oriv oryd oryd, rorrg ler;rc6ve5, orrlvorpr6ogcrpa.

I

h

e

H ENE'tEIA A ATt]PEITAI KAI YIIOBAOM]ZEIAI

Page 209: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

r1 l0 "c

Mro Bepporrlro trovBdvouooOr pdlpr rcirpo epnerpfe5 FCIS oro 0rpprrd gorv5pevo pdS i-

Xouv, ioog, xdver vq rrrorirpoupre 611 5oo npoocpdpoupe o'i-vo oc6pro 0epp6rqro q Oeppor<pooio rou 0o ou{dve I ouv€-

I X6S. Aur6, 6p.S, 6ev roXrier os rdO: nepirrrcrroq. YndpXouvgolvdpevo <qrd rq onois q 0epp6r1rq qnoppogdror Xopisvo avepd(er ro 0eppdp€rpo' eivor or peropold5 gdortov*.

Av {ovopdloupe vepd o' fva 6oXe io -6ncog Kor nprv- Kclenrprefvou;r€ orq Oippovoq rou tr iyo neproo6repo, 0o i lOe rKdrrorq orrypq rcordtqv orroio ro €teppr6perpo 0o rrdr.,ue r vo

, ovEPqiver nop6lo nou rl npoogopir 0epp6rqrog 0o ouveX(-

' (eror.Iro prercr{r1, edrola 0o 6rorcpivoups oro vep6 rrg yvoorig

rre iveg guoclf6eg fiou ofioretro6v rr oupnrc6porc rou ppo-opo6. Bpro16;roor€ Fnf)oord ot pro pe ropotrqrordorooqg. ApXroe or Frq opropdvq Oeppor<po-oia, q onoiq yro 6e6opfvq e{coreprrq rrieoq, e ivorrrdvrore 11 f6ro, npdypo rrou 6ev rolle r p6vo yro'ro vep6 sl ld ror yro rdt)e uyp6. H Oepporpooioaurr1, ecp6oov ovocpipe'ror o€ nieorl prog orp6-ogolpCIs XspoKrr lp((erar t r rs Kovovrxr i oqpe ioppaopo6. f ro ro ve pd, e fvor 100'C e{ opropo6.MdXpr rq orry;r11 rrou o16rtrnpn rl rroo6'rqro ve-po6 0o i ler pre rorporref ot arg6, crrore tre i rq0epporpoois rou ouorr lporog uyp6-ar; t6c, <ar6rorqpeiror oro0epr1.

H Oeppdrqrc, Iorn6v, fiou onoppocpdrqr rqrdro ppoop6 e(vor pro 0epp6rq'ro nou6e v ovurgcrive r Oeppror<pooie g, prro0epp6rqro rrou F€rdrpinet ro uyp6oe ar;r6.'E;1er errrrporqoer vo Xopo-rrq p i(eror )\av )dv o u o s.

fro vq psrCIrpCIlrei oe orp6 1 kgvepori rdr-<rr ond nfeoq 1 Atm ofior-

!00 "c

lkg

*f1ollf5 gopis Xpqorporrorsiror o Spog pteralloAtg xqrcxordoetuv.

H ENEPIEIA AIATHPEITAI KAI YUOBAOMIZETAT

Page 210: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Yfuri

Nep6Orv<inveupoBev(ivr'1Y6pdpyupogAr0dpogApprovicY6poydvoO{uyrivoA(alroAtroupivroXok<iqIi64pog

100788035724-33

152,8-182,9-195,82,3002.5002.500

Kovour<i oqpeio ppoopod 'C tlepF<irrFo e€,odp<rrr;goe 10'J/kg

2,250,900,400,270,3714?

0,450,210,2010,503,106,36

rofvror 2,25 x 106 Joule (539.000 0eppi6eg) nou 6€v qv€pd-(ouv rq 0epporpooiq rou ouorrlporos. fr(r nieorl 1 Atm rl no-odrrlro 2,25 - 10'JlkB s(vqr Xqpqrrrlprorrrrlyro ro HrO ror li-y€rqr 0ep;r6r4ro e{odpar4g nop6lo rrou 6ev eivor 0eppr6rq-rq/ qlld nqliro 0eppr6rqros rrpos Vo'1o.. i[evrr6'repo ovdpeooo'ro rroo6 Oeppd,rqros -Q- Kqr rrlv cr;lorrorodF€vrl (€q crr(ogrrls) Fd4o uypod ugiororor ovotroyio rng Fopg{S Q : L"em,6rrou 1., q 0epp6r4ra e{oipoorls* rou o6poros.

Kdrr qvdtroyo l.r'qurd fiou ouppqiver rqrd rovppoop6 ouprpoiver rqr rqrd rqv rrl{r1 ev6g orepe-o6, 6rrcrr5, yra rropd6€ryFq, o rdyo5. Kdror qrr6 o-proprdvq rrieorl o,py((et vq hc6'ver orrlv i6ra rrdvrsOepprorpoofq rqr o' 6111 14 6rdprerq rng r4€nS n0epporpoo(q rou ouor{Foro 5 uyp6-oreped 6rorq-peiror oroOeprl. H npoolcpp,uv6pev4 0epp6rrpoeivqr rcr e6<6lqvOdvouoq; 6ev errrcpfper 6qtro6r1 o-v6rqcoo4 rrlg Oepporpaoiog olld nporolef rr1 <pe-

rdpaorl> o116 rq oreped orqv uyprl rordcrraoq . 79 kcal4 330kJ onorro6vrqryrq rqv rrl{p4 r(€q 1 kg rrdyou. H rroo6rrpo79 kcallkg n 330 kJlkg orrorelei rr1 0ep;.r6'r4rc r{€nS rou rrd-you. Kd0e or€p€6 oc6po, wdpeoo orq (o1'orxeiq rqurdrrlrds)

* E[odparrl eivor ro yeurdrepo qurvtipevo rqg perdpooqg crn6 trlv rr1pr1 mqv odpro <pdorl.Ex6qk6veror efre u4 ppcopr5g eire og e[trrpror1.

I

H ENEIIEIA AIATHPEITAI KAI YIIOBAOMIZETAI

Page 211: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ytrrrd

fldyogOrv6nve uproY6poydvoOluy6voA(orroAloupivroXcxk6qIi6rlpogApyupo5Mdtrup6o5

H EI'IFPiE A AIAIHPElTA KAi YTIOBAOM ZTIA

Ksvovrr<d oqpe io rr1{r15 oe "(i Oeppdrqro 14{qg (Lr)

oe 1 0'J/kg

3,301n a)

0,580,1 30,253,981,34)7)

1,05n)4

0-11 4

-?qq ?:218,8

- )10 1

658,71.0831.s302.212327

Tou 6rc(0dT€r dvCI KcvovrK6 oq-

Fsio r{qnS K0r Hr0 oproFdvr lOepptirqro r{€nS.To rrpc6ro ei-vdr r l x0p0KrqprorrKr l €K€i 'vr lOepporpooio orqv orrofo opxf-

1€r ndvror€ n r4{n rou, drqv rlni€orl e ivor pfo Grp6ogotpo. To 6erjr-epo (l-) efvor ro rrrl^i'Ko'rou rrooorj rr15 0e ppdrrlrCIs (Q) nou rrporcolef rrlv rr1{q opr-opdvr;g pd(cxS (m), npog 'rqp&(a cxurrl, rdr<o orrd nieoq 1 Atm.Xpqorponorc6vrog o6ppolo, ypdgoupr. l- : Q/m n Q : l-m.

Iro prerafri, r<a0c6g fuc6ver ro or€cr6, o d,yrog rou uypo6fiou fipoK6rrrer €ivor, orq yevrrc( rre pirrrcoorl, pelofuj'r€pos.Or e{orpfoerg e ivor e}dXroreg. Avdpeod rous rl rrepfrrrcooqrrdyou-vepo6 eivor rbroirepo lrurrqrli. O ndyog eivcl qrr6 rcxfuyo oreped ocSproro, ro orroio, oe o;;ioq p€ ro uyp6 rous, €f-vor rrro elogprd, ilouv 6qlo6r1 prrrpdrepq nurvdrrpo. To gor-v6pevo, pdporo, pog eivor no^6 yvtlro'r6. O ndyo5 6ev poufud,(er oro vep6' errrrrlier.

Ira pi lpr rc6po ogiOrlxe vo urrovorlOti 6rr 11 e{<ore prrr lrrfeorl enqped(e rr6oo'ro oq;reio ppoopoti doo ror ro orlpeior(€nS. To neipopro pds ldsr drr 11 o6{qor1 rqg ouvo6edercxr o-n6 ov6t,troorl rou oqp€i'ou ppoopoti. ).rqv nepirrroorl rou orl-

;..reiou r{€qS or peropolds rqs nieorlg dlouv prKp6rspss ouvd-rrsrss. 4116 rrg f i€rpqporrrcig ev6e ({trg Erc'nrorcirveror drr 11orj{qoq rqg e{<oreprKnS nieoqg rrpor<ole i (o) ov6gcooq rou

-h

e

Page 212: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Mdoo on6 6vo drriypolrpoOeppoxpooiog - llprivou

nopoxolou0odgeol6Ktr1lpl Tnv

(neptn6retqD €vdsropporro{ ndyou -20'Coro oroio npoog6p04reOeppdrqro Ue oroOept|nopoyri xor Kdro ond

oroOepf nieoq.

oqHsi'ou r{€qS os o(6pCIrq, 6ncog o pdlu[]6os, rq orroi'd Kordrrlv r{qn nqpouord(ouv o6{qorl rou 6y<ou rous KGr (F) rs-reivcooq rou orlp€i'ou rnEqs o€ oc6Fqrq, 6nog o ndyos/ rtovofiof<rlv o dyrog rcTd rqv rq{r1 e}orr<irversr.

Ie olioq Hs rov ppoop6 rl uyponofrlorl (ou;rrr6rv<rroq) rcovorprc6v e ivor cporvdprevo ovriorpo<po. Kdrcrr o116 6e6opivq e-

flolreprrrl nfeoq rl uyponofqoq oplf(er orrlv i6rq ndvrore 0ep-prorpooio, fiou sivor i6ro pe rrl e€ppoKpCI(ri'o ppcoporJ. Kdr o-vdloyo ouFpofvsr Kor Fs rrlv nq{q r<ov uyp6v, 'rq prerdpoorl,6qtro6r1, o116 rrlv uypq orrlv or€psd rcardoroorl.

-h

e

H ENEPIEIA AIATHPEITAI KAI YNOBAOMIZETAI

Page 213: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H SepF6rnraeivst F€rtrGrBq{PP.\rrl€v€pY€t(|Ta yeyovriro.

o Koorirs o ropvo66po5 r6per ro pi1-otrlo {6per notr6 rold 6rr

ou{dver q Oepporpoofq'r<ov utrrr<6v. To utrrrd, 6qtro6r1, Oep-

l.roivovrot XcoPiS 0eP;r6rqtc.

o Av oupnriooupe ptcr noo6rqro oelliou pioo oe 6oXeio (pe

roryipora nou 6ev errrrpinouv rq pcrl OeppdrrlroS) ro odpto

eeppcxiveror 1op(5 0epp6rqrc' Kdr-r crvdloyo ouppaiver 6rov

0elqooupre vo cpouorcilooul.l€ ivo ldo'rr1o p€ rrlv rp6pno no-

6qldtou.

o Ie ivq rleror6 ocolqvc i'loupe pdtrer or&ytq 500

ypoppropicov. Av ovsorpirpoupe ro o<olqvo roprrd

treutlutop'd <popi5 pnopo6;re vo avrXve6ooupe 0ep-

FoKpCIorqKq crri{qoq slcx ofrriYto.

. I'dvq qrr6 ro rrro rcpiorp<r rrerpdpcro ornv loro-

orqOei pe ipYo.

H Oeopqrrx{ nPoodYYror;.

To rorvd orolXeio oe 6trq <rurd ra yeyov6ro pnopef

roveig v0 ro 6rorP(vetcx) oTo anor€Aeopo: Kqt crrl5 riooeprg neprrrrcO-

oerg urrdpler 6vo ot6pr<x (odpo5, vep6, ordyto,

piroMo) rou orroiou ou{dver 11 0eppro<poo(c'

p) orqv crtria: Kor ortg rf<roeprg 'nepttrrcio€ls Ps-

-e

g HrNEpfEtA A,ATHpEtTAT KAr yftoBAoMtzETAl

Page 214: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rcprpd(eror evipyero Fs (HrlxcvroFr6> dp1,su.Mnoporipe 6qlo6q vo no6pe d'rr 11 orropp6qrlon 0eppdrq-

rog 6ev e ivsr o povo6r165 rpdno5 o6{1o119 rqg Oepporpooiog.H Ofpprovoq ev6g o<6parog prrropef vo yive r Kqr Fs peroprpoorlevipyerog un6 popgq dpyou. "Orsv exreAeiru tpyo ro snor€-Aeopct pnope( va eivsr nap6poro pe exeit,o nou npoKGA{ r7 a-nop p6gr1o q 0 eppdrqraq.

An6 rqv dltrq peprd, q epnerpio rtov srpoHqlovc6v pdS i-

1er 6r6dler 6rr oe rci0e rirorou eiboug pr11crvrl peroprpd(eror0epprdrqro on6re Kor r l Hrlxqvrl peroprpd(er evdpyeto urrdpopq4 dpyou.

H r6da

Kqrd roug orcilvss fiou nporlyqeqKov, 'ro epc6rqpo <rt e ivqtOeppdrrlro) €rX€ pooavioer roug Oecopqrrro65 ror erle fipoKo-lioer rror rrneg orrovrqoer g.

H rrro rrqfud o116 ou'rig ov, rperc6rrriie rq 0ep;r6rr1ro oovprra odpoT q rpcrlrrd. Tov 1Bo qrc6vq frove rqv e prcpdvroq rrlgprro Oeopia o6;r<pcrrvo l-r€ rrlv orro(q q 0ellp6rqro eivor 6vo od-poro p€uor6 nou perog6per-or on6 dvrr 0epp6 oc6po oe 6votrry6repo 0epp6 evc6 ndvrore nopopiv€r rrooortr<d operdplrl-TO.

H r6do 611 4 0epp6rqro eivor ;rerafhpu(6pevr1 evdpyero(d,rrclg Kor ro ipyo) e prcpoviorqrce ro'rd ru pdoo rou 19ou qrc6-vo, ouyKpodorqre ps rnv npoqyodp€vrl Kqr refur<d errrrpdrq-oe. H e6poicoorl rqg oXeriorrlK€ pe rqv eprrsrpio rqg CIrpoprl-

Xov4S ror o6(yr1os rrlv ov0pr6nrvq ori.1.rq oe ivqv o116 r-oug0e;relrco66or€pous v6pou5 rrlg cpuorr(9, rq ley6p*qapyq rrTs8nrrlpqoqq rr1q, u tpyt lo'q.

F'] ENEPTE A A ATI-IPEITA KAI YNOBAOMIZETAI

h

e

Page 215: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H r6do 6rr 11 Oeppdrqro eivor pre'roprfio(6pevq evipyero 6n<rrgKor ro dpyo, o6qyrloe orrlv enioqg ro,\pqpq r66a yro rq 6rorq-pnon rr15 evdpye rog. O nupqvog rqg rlrov o e{r1g: Kard rrlv e-{ifr{4 orou\qnor€, gdrvolr(,vou undpyu xdnon noo6rqranou E4gavi(erat pe 6d,Eopa rrpSourrc, aAAd \nrqpei ndvrarr1v npry rnq.'Erot 6ev pnopef o6T e vo 6qproupyq0e i orrd ropq6iv o6re vq yiver pq6dv. H 0epp6rrl'ro, ro goS, rl 6uvar6rq-rc ytCI pqlovrrd, ipyo, ro qtrertprr6 peuor6, 11 <66vaprl r<ovplprrr6v ovrr6pdoeurv> 6ev eivor rropd opropdveg popcpig ou-r4S tnS ovr6rrlrog, rrou nqpe ro 6vopo evipyero.

Ac66e rcq rouldXrorov dv0pconor, ovdpeoq oro 1832 roro'rq 1854, (.<praoov orrlv qpx4 rrls t,rqr{pqorls rrls evdpye r-ag ove{dprrlro rcqr qnd 6pdpoug 6rcrgopeT rro69. Atrlor CIn'aurori5 6rdoXroov l.rovorrdrro ro0opcr cprlooogrrd, dllor r<a-eo6qyrlerlrov orrd'ro ev6rocp6pov roug yrd rrpcKrrrrl yvcSoqrcov Fqxovc6v, evc6 dltror ndfu dcprcroav pdoo on6 fpeuvcxepyoorrlprorq.

Avdpeod rous/ o Mdyrep orq fe6rpavio, o T(doutr orqvAyylio r<ar o XftrpXolr5 rrdh orrl fepprrvio, prnopotipe vo no6-pre 6rr urrqp{ov or firo oqprov'rrrof.

Mayer. O 6p6pog rou oroxoopod. r\rriXovrag ouoroorrrd: cxrr6 fisrpcxporrr<d5 rrpoorrdOereg, o Mayer - yrorpdg ro errdy-

yelpo - orprepc60rlK€ oro o'ro1oopr6 ror o{rorror<6vrog rrgnopotqprlo€rS Korro 6rq0dorpro o'ror'qe io fcprooe orrlv apXqrqg 6rorqpnons.'Hrqv poOrd 6rorrorropdvog on6 rr1 ley6pe-vq tDrlooogio rqg Orioqg (Natur Philosophie) pra nveuprorrrrlrivqoq 11 onoio ruproplorio€ orrl lsp;rovio ror npiopeue 6rr6lcx ro cporv6pevo rrou ficpc'rrlporirrrcr orrl O6orl ofiorr-

I lofv r6roirepeg ex6q}<6oer5 ev6g evr<xiou ror ;rovo6rr<od rti-rrou <66vc;rqg>.

Or ouorrlprorrrcdg noporqpqo€rs rou ndvco orq trerr-oupyioI

e

Page 216: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rtov cv0pc6nrvcrlv opyovrol-rov rov o64yrlciqv orrl Oeripqoq 6rrq Oepporpooio rsr q 0epprrq evdpyero rou ov0pcrrrrivou oc6-poros drrpene vo oXeri(ovror H€'rqv evdpye rd rtrlv rporpc6v.

JULIUS ROBERT MAYER JAMES PRESCOTTJOULE HERMANN V()N HELMOLTZ(1814-1878) (1818-1889) (1818-1889)

Enrlpecoprdvos Kor on6 rq Orlooocpia rqg O6oqg r<ordtrr1(evo urroorrlpi{er (1842) 5"n q pqXovrrrl evf cyero, q plprrr<r1 evdp-y€ro Kor q 0eppr6rq'ra frrperre vc e ivqr popg65 roo66vcpe5.Apy6repo, urol6yroe Oecoprlrrr<d rrlv noodrrlro 0eppdrrlrqsrrou irrpene vo eivor roo66voprrl ps ptq pcvd6c dpyou.

foule. O 6pdpo5 rou ntrptipqros. H rrrrpopro'rrrcq, d;r<o5, d-p€uvq q onoio Oepeli<ooe rrlv oppl rrlg 6rorrlpqorlg rqg evdp-yErCIS dyrve orqv Ayylio. O James Prescott Joule, propqXovogprnipog Kqr spoorriXuns epeuvqr(5, npo<rf1"yros ro i6ro (qrr1-

HCI l-rs ivov rpdno or6<pro yotrrtrorrr<6. Acpd0qre orrg ouoreuigKor oro rrerpdprora vG rov o6qyrloouv rfpos rqv i6ro rcore6-Ouvor1 fipos rrlv orroio e r1e rrpoltrlprloe r rar o Mayer rupf<rr5pioo orrd, noporrlpqo€rs Kqr oroloopd. 'H'rov rr our6g rrer-oprdvog 6rr q evipy€ro spqdvr(5rav pre 6rdgope5 popcpig Xco-pig vcr ;rnopeivo Kqroorpocpef ror, oyvoc,ivros rrl grtrooocprrqnpooiyyroq, ocpoorc60rlre o'ro va ovarpfve r rq grioq p€ rrlyvcoorq yl<iooo rcov perprlotov Kor ro)v opr0pc6v. Eni pro 6e-rotrio, rrepirrou, 6oule6ovrqs ouorrlFo'rrxd, rrpoorrd0rlor voperpqoer ro rrood 6rocpdpcrlv popg 6v e'ripyerog 11 onoio 0opnopo6oe vo psrorpone i oe pro dltrr1 Hopq4.

To rcpiorpo ne ipcrpo 6yrve oro 1847 p€ rnv nepfcpqpq ou-oreurl orqv orroio 66o pdprl nfgrovog d0erov oE fisprorpo-<prrr1 r<ivqoq nrepdyro pu0ropdvo oe vep6. Or prerpororvieg, 'ro

t

o

Page 217: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H ouoreuf nou :XprlorUolloiqoe l

o Joule, oe yrpoPoripo :Tns enoxnq. :

0epp6pero Kqr or (uyoprdg i6erprcxv cirt avdpreoo orrl 0epp6-rrlrd Kor oro dpYo ufi4px€ Hrq orCIe€F,q rrooorrrcn oxiotl.

To orrorelioporo rtrlv €p€uv(6v tc,u o€ orlHsprvig povd6e5pirpqoqg 66erpov 5rr oe rd0e nepinl-crloq 11 peropipooq 4lTJoule evipyerag urr6 popqrl dpyou rootiuvcpef (nporotre ( oro i-6ro oc6pa rrlv i6ra a6{qoq 0e pprorpcxoiog) pe onoppd,qnon0epp6rqros Hrcs Oeppi6og.

To orroreldoporo ppiorovror rrohi xovrd o'our6 fiou fir-orefoupre orlpepo. H noo6rrlra 4,186 Joule/cal qrrorelei roley6pevo pr7yawrc6 rco66vapo rr1c 0eppi6aq.

H 6ror{pnon rns evdpyerog. Tdtrog, ord 1 847, oHelmholtz 0o 6rqturrc6oer rcqOspd rqv r6ds 5rr dtreg orpopgds evdpyero5 eivqr roo66v,rp€S rqt 6l dva oproprd-vo nood prCIS Hopg(g 6ev ;rnope i vo e{ocpavrorei Xcrr-pig vo €Fgsvror€i orrl 0doq rou ivq roo6rivopro rroodevipyerog pre rdrroro dMo <np5ocrlfio). Kr srr6 rqv dl-Iq, r<dOe pnxqv( rrou pGS n;roocpdper evdpye ro 6ev

pnope ( vq rdve rrirroro ov 6ev rrdpt:r evipye ro orrd rdrrotcxdl\ nqyq. A'yo 1p6vra p*6, o€ prCI 6rdtre{q, OCI 6rsrurrc6oerrqv oppl rqg 6rorqpqoqg ordps nro r:oOapd.

Mnopo1pe va no6ye 6'n ro oipnant ntptytr yn noo6rrlrctevtpyeruq rou 6ev yropei g rcsv€vsv rpdno odre vs au{r70{o6re vs, yiver fuy6repq. H noo6rrlra et,ipyenc, rou o6ynavrogeivat arci:vrd Ka; aperapAryrry 6n<nq rcat 11 Std(a rou. M' sordra A6yn od.q avayy€AAu ivc yrydAo v6yo rr.,9 E6or79, rqv dp-

X4 rrlq \nrrlpqoqc rqq ev(.pyeruq.H qpX{ rqg 6ror(prloqs urroorqp((u rdrr oncoo6rlnore

rolpqpd. Mog }ie r 611 6o11 evipye ro urrdple r oqpe po ro o-rrdyeu;ro, unqple Kqr rrlv eno1r1 fi()u o dvOpcrrrrog ordprcx6ev eiXe ovorcotrrjpsr rrl qcrlrrd. flc6g prnopo6pe 6p<oS vo 6e-

Xro6;re protiroro 6rllooq d'rqv 6ev e ipoore oe 0dor1 vCI p€-rprlooupe o6re 'ro rroo6 rou rr€rp€),o(ou q rou rdppouvourrou urrdpxsr orq fr1; To pr6vo rrou pnopo6pe vo orrovrrl-ooup€ e ivsr drr to pqvriporo fiou dpXovror qrr' dlo ro rr€r-pdporo rcov releuroicrrv ercs'rd erc6v 6erlvouv drr os Hro ps-ydlq norrrlicx 6repyoorc6v rrdv<o orrl yl, rcd0e e{ogdvroq e-vdpye rog ouvo6e 6erqr cxrrd pro rcurdxpovrl e prcpdvrorl evip-

H ENEPTEIA AIATHPIITA KAI YI]OBAOM ZETA

jh

e

Page 218: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ysrqs dltrqg Fopqns Kqr nooortrd roo6rjrrqpqs.

Av po(f p€ rrl 6rorrlpqorl rqg evdpye rqr; (ovrrKpiooupe> rol

roug dMoug ncryr6oplous v6;roug rrou u'Iroorrlpi(ouv rr1 6rc-

r{pnon qg pd(og, rrls oppqs Ksr rou r1tre rrprrorl goptiou, 0c

iloupe prrpoord prog ivo o6votro vSporv rrou ppiorovrql orrlv

i6ro loyrrrl: Kqtd tq 6Iriprelq ru)v rrotrfiltov olloyiv untip'

louv xdrroreg rroorir4T€S rrou 6rurqpodlrol qvstrloitoteS. E(-

vqr Hro loyrrrl oupcprlicooqg ovdpeoo oe 6rorrlpnorl KCIl qlncq'{'

Oeppo8uvoplr{. H prel irq rtov p€rqrporrc6v evdpyero5 ond'

pio propcp( oe pio dllq ror rcrrv cvrollal'rilv evipyero5 ovdpe-

oo oro 6rdcpopo ouorrlproro i ler f iopo€'oolord enrrporqoet

vo triyerar 0eppo6uva;nrcr7. To 6vopd rrls 1'o 1p<rro'rde t orrlv Ko-

rcr),61yn rqg. Iro {er(vqpo nepropl(6rcxv (t€ npoorrdQelss vq €-

{rlyqoer Kur vo rrooortKonorqoer rr1 oXdoq pqlcxvrrqg evfpyerag

<or Oeppdrrlrcs. I(pepo ro qv'rtreipevd'rqg i ler 6reupuv0ef'

Anor-etre i fvq onou6oio epyotreio yro tq prefu{tr1 rqg cn66oor15

rdOe rfrrou pqXovqg tvc5, ofi'rr1v dtrIq, pog poqOd€l vq KGro-

voqooupe rts €v€pystorfg 6repyoofeg rrou yi'vovrcxl orq 6ldrpo-

po protroytKd tcst yeottroyrrd ouorqporcr. I- lepriXe r 6rio r6de5(ouprrovrrrig>. H npc6tq cxrr' ouri5 po,; trde r 6rr q ev6pye lu

6rorrlptirar evc6 q 6e6tepq 6rr 11 evdpyelo unopaOpf(eral.

H ENEPIEIA AIATHPE TAI KA YT]OBAOMIZETAI

I

o

Page 219: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

Mnopotipre r<6po rrrc vd ouv06oouprt r-rg 6rdcpopeg r6ieg rrouepcpoviorqKov o/ qurd ro recpdloro 6ror c6ore vo cprdooupreo€ pro po0rlporrrq 6rarrjTrc'-rorl yrq r11 6rorrlpnon rnS evfp-y€ros, pro 6ror6rroorl rl o'no(s d1e r errrrpo'rqoer va Oe<oprf-rql rrrs o npdtroq v6poq, rrlq )€plro\twapxrls. Oo arotrouOq-oouH€ ro nopordrol npdypoppo:

o. Ie prro np<6rq qdon 0q qnooogqviooupe rrr,[rg yivov'roror svspy€rCIrig ov'rolloydg rd0e ouorrlprcros-Fr ro neprpdtr-lov rou. Kordlrl{r1 0q eivor vo 6o6pr: rr1 0eppo6uvoprrrl drprlr-ov evvorc6v dpyo rcor Oepprir4ru.

P. :tn ouv6lero 0o ovop<rr-rrlOoripe oXerrr<d ps ro n nept€,-

Xsro'r o' ivq o6orqpo. O npoplqprorrop65 0o pog o6qyqoe rorqv iwora ofuxr1 evtpyen u6q ouorqparoq (evdpye lo eoo-reprr{ ror evdpyero pq;gavrr{).

y. Tdtrog, 0o etrrlerprlooupe vo oupn€prldpoupe o' dvov rvr-oio vd,pro rq crXioq ovdpeoc oro €vsp'f€rorci neprel6pevo rdOeouorrlporos KCrr rq rrood evdpye rog rrou qvrolldooe r ps rorreprpdllov rou.

Or 6uo (HqxovropoiD (rvrotrtroynS€v€PY€rosOr prrllovropof peropipooqg ev6py€rcs eivor 66o. O dvog oXe-ti(tran Hs rrlv dvvors Oepprirrpc. H €repp6rqro e ivor evdpyeroq orro(o 6ev ovrlrcer oe rdrroro o6o111l.ro oltrd pr6vo ;reroprpd-(eror o116 ivo odorqpq o' dvo dtrlo scp6oov or Oeppoxpcoie5r<rrv 66o ouorrlprdrcov eivor 6rocpopertrdg.

O dMog pqlovrop6g perop(pooqg evdpyerag oXerf(eror psrqv dvvoro dpyo.Avocpdperor oe 6le<; rrg 6repyooisg prerocpo-pdg evipyerog errd5 sn6 ereivas nou ocpeilovrar oe 6rorpopd

H ENEPTEIA AIATHPEITAI KAI YTIOBAOMIZETAI

Page 220: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

, ' - - - \

I

Oepp6rrpo-+>

I\

0epporpoorc6v.<I6orqpo> pnopei vc e ivot dvo r1tre rrp6vto efre f-vo rptro66r on6 noooripno, pro qlerrprrrlyewrl-rpro, rdnoros fiou 6ropd(t:t rnv €qrlpspi6o rou,eire ro vep6 ;rrog trfpvr15, iLrrtDg pnopei vo e ivcrrrcr q Meydtrq Aprro5 otr6dtr1pq. Mnopei vo eivotorr6rlrrore. Ie rd0e rrepirrrrrlorl ro urr6trotrro o6-prrov 0o orrorelef ro neprpdtrlov rou. To evep-yerorcd <ndpe-6c6oe> rdOe ouorqporos H€ ro fis-

prpdhtrov'r-ou yivovror rar yerpc6vror Fs ipyo ror pe 0epp<irqro.On<rlg Kor yrCI rq Oeppdrqrq, 6tv prropotipt vo lipe 6rt ro rd-

6e orimrlpo n€prix€r ipyo, oMd 6rTo rd6ri odorqpo peroprpd-(er ev6pyero o'ivo d}tro piorrl dpyou. Me ro ipyo ror rr1 0epp6rq-ro errppd(oupe, trorn6v, rous 66o prllovlopori5 F€ rous orroiougdvo oriorrlpq cxvroMdooer evipyero pre ro nr,prpdMov rou.

t t ,n €v€PYero nou n€Pr€x€rcllf ,o €vo ouorrlpo

Milpr r<6po'rovioope 6rt to dpyo rcxr 11 €tepp6rrlrq 6ev (CIv4-

Kouv) oe rdrroro o6orrlpro. Tr eivor, dpto,;, our6 rrou ovqr<er;floro eivor, yrq rrqpd6sryHq, 11 evipyero nou rreptix€rct oe ivqorfvqro rroprordh;

'Eloupe pd0er va tripe 6'rr rs ouorqproro iXouv rrvrlrtrq r<or6uvaprrrrl evipyera. Eivar 6p<og ourd opre16 vo pog ntrqpocpo-prloer yr'our6 nou r<p6peror o' ivo oxivrpro rop;rdrr rdppou-vo ( oe ivo nopror<dfu rrou ppioreror oro rogdot rou povd-prrou; Mnopei vo pGS neprypdqer ourd 'nou rreprdlerot o' 6-vo gfur(dvr pe (eord Kqgd;

Eivor gavepd,drr q evipyero rivqoqg ror q evipyero rov e{,<o-re p r xc6v o}trrllenr 6pdoecov -qur6 6r1tro6r'1 rrou ou Fq<r-lvq oop evo tripe pqlovrrq evfpyero- 6ev erroprorj,r. Xperd(eror vo errt-voqooupe rdrroro pdyeOog pre 6roordoerg eripyeros fiou vo fi€pr-ypdcper rS €otrrreprrd5 evepyerorig 6repyc,rieg rrou ouppoivouvo'ro 6rdcpopo ouorrlpqrq. Aurd 6qlo6q nou yivovT or nipa orrdrr5 <povepd er6qtroripev€S H€rqpold5 tr15 pqlovrrqg evipyercg.

Page 221: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

To pdyeOog dler enrvoq0e(. To ldpe evrpyelu eooreplr{.frs vq ro r<aruvorlooup€, oS qsvrqoro6pe rdnoreg 6tepyaoieg

ro, d rrg orroieg 11 pqlcxvlrrl evfpyeto 0u 6rorqpeiror moOepq.'Evq rq}6 nopd6erypq e ivqr q Oip;rovorl prcs rroo6'rqtog

oepiou urr6 orqOepq nieorl. Ag rrlv rroporotrou0rlooupe.

-u -- \,^ /Q (0epp6tqro 7- AEplo \. w (6pyo nou exrelei

crro g^oYql o a6pro mo 6p6olo)

\\\ \ .

1 eoarreprxr]gev6pyero5 rou oepiou

Itiorrlpa 0o eivot ro odpto. floipver evipyero Fs e€pp6rnrorsr 6ive r evdpyero oro dppotro Fs ipyo. H prllcxvrrq evdpye ro'rou oepiou 6ev preropdlle'ror. Aur6'nou peropdMerol e ivcxr 11eooreprrq rou evdpyero.

'Evs 6edrepo nopd6erypro. O rrdlog qvrqlldooer evdpye rope ro neprpdllov Xcopi'S vo preropdMersr q prllovrrrl rou evdp-yero. Adpe rc e6r6 6rr percpdlll€rot rl eooreprrq rou evdpyero.

l l tn YevrK€uorlEr<r6g dprs on6 6repyaoieg <eocoreprr<ig> -rrou 0o rrg lipe pr-rpooxorrrrig- e ivor 6uvqr6v vo €;lqovrorodv rcqr or yvorrdg pog<e{rrrrep r <dS -HqKpooKorrr r<ig pnopo6 p e vo trf p e- peropotrig.

flpdrerrar yro rS peropolig orrlv tcvrlrtrrl rardoraoq q orq6rdrcr{q rcov prepcbv ev65 ouorqHoros, ot onoieg neprypd<povror<rlg peropolfg orqv rrvqrrr<q (K) r<or 6uvoprrq (U) evipyero, 6r1trc6r1orrl prlxcvrrcq evdpyero (Eu : K * U) rou oum(poro5. Av Oitroupre,Iorrr6v, ivo yevrK6 v6po rrou vo rreprlo;.rpdver rd,oo 'rrg eo<oreprrig(orrd, prrrpooronrr<r1 dnopq) 6oo rqr l5 e{orreplrig (ond, poKpo-oront rq dnor{r1) petapolig, eipoore urroXpeoprdvor vo ypdcpoupre

W+Q:AU+4E,, 4 Wf Q:A(U+EF)Aev preiver nopd vo oupqovqooupe lo d0poropo u + E, vc'r-o

I ENEPIEIA AIATI]PFITAI KAI YIIOBAOM ZETAI

"'.*.i:'

-e

Page 222: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

trdpe ohx{ evdpyera rou ouor{Foros Kolpe pe E. Tetrrrd, 0o ypdcpoupe : .:a!:s!

vq ro ouppotri(ou-

npdrrog vripo5 r4g 0eppo6uvoprr{g

o>o 0eptrr6rqrc Q<O

o0mqpc

EPYO

Av q 0epg6rrlro erodpX€rcxr oro o6orrlpo 0o eivor Q>0, evc6 ov a-rro6i6erqr orrd ro o6orqpra, Q<0.Og dpyo (W) ewoeiror ro dpyo rrov 6uvdpeo\/ fiou ooxodvror orrdro neprpdtrtrov oTo odorqpro. Av W>0 oqproi'rel 6rr ro neprpdltrove rrrlei dpyo oro oliorqpro, peroprpd(er 6qltr6( evdpye ro oro o6-orrlpo. Av W<0 oq;roiver drr ro o6orq;ra eKrr:trei dpyo, ;reroprpd(er6qlo6q evdpyero oro neprpdtrlov.

Tr oXdoq d1er, dprlg, ourrl q e{iocooq Fs rrlv oppl rqg 6ro-r4pnons; Eivar govep6 6rr rqv nepriXe r. Ie nepin'rolorl nou

Q:0 rqr W:0 0o eivqr AE : 0 4 E : oroOepq.'Evq riroro o6-orqpq, 'ro orroio 6ev ovrolldooer ev6pyero p€ To rreprpdllovrou o6re p€ ipyo odre ;.re 0epp6rqra Ocx ro }ipre rkror6 r<or0o ;rnopotip€ vq rcrxuprorodFs 6rr 11 otrrrr1 evdpyero ev6g ou-otrlprorog Ero'rqpeiror oroOepr1. Tr ld're r-rfrpo yrCI ro orjprrruv;To dOporopo Eu * U eivor oro0epd yro 6va 6coprdvo o6or-qpa cxv oreoorreprrig cxtrlayd5 6ev enqped(ouv ncxpd p,5vo ro i6ro ro o6orq-pc Kor dXr ro e{cortpr16 rreprpdTr}ov. Oeorpod-re yro nopd6ery;-ra, d-va ercrpeprdg rrou ororpeirqr orov oipo. Eivor yrrrrord 6rr q Eu rou €K-r<pepo6g elorrc6veror e{orriog rrls fiopouoi61rl rou oipo. To €KKp€-pdg xcxr o adpa5 oro xlerord o6or4pro, (eoroivovrcr elocppd.

IIII,

,

-€)

H ENEP'EIA A ATI]PEITA KAI Yl IOBAOM ZEIA

Page 223: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

3.

E4prr6oerg

1. Or pqlovrrof rrporrpo6v vo Oe<rrpodrv 0err<5 ro ipyorrou e rre.le i ro oipro. 'Eror ypdcpouv rov rrptrrro 0e p-po6uv0prK6 vd,po H€ rl popq4 AU : Q - W

2. Exrdg qnd ro ipyo ror rq Oeppdrqro dvog ar6po pq-

lovro;rdg ovrolloyqg evdpye ro5, o orro(o5 d,pcoq 6evOcr FoS CInCIoxotrr1oer e6c6, eiv,rr q orcrvopotr(q (R). t-e-vrxdrepa lorrr6v q e{iooroq r,lu fipd)rou vd;rou prro-pef vo ypogei: Q + W * R = ,\E.

Ie opropiv€S f i€prf i r r ioe rg 0o lpr lor l . ronoro6pe rov dpo9epprxq evtpyen yro vCI e xgpdooup€ ro pdpoS ere ivr15 rqgeocore prr<q5 evdpyeros, rrou or percxpoldg rou ovrsvcrxtr<rr-vror orrs 0epproxpoorcxxdg preropok.g.Ie ovri0eorl Us rq 0epp6rqro, 11 orroio iXe r vdqpo pr6vo co5 e-

vdpye ro peroprpo(6;revr1, 0c pnopoti;re vu lfpe 6rr dvo oc6po <d-

1er> Oepprrq evfpye ro, q onoio preropd,\lercxr e<pdoov o'ro oorponcxporqpeiror rdnoro Oeppor<poororq altrcryrl. Orcrv opqvouper<orr, rpipovro5 nollr; ripo rq yopotrciorrxo rrdv<rr oro rerpd-6ro, q yopoldorrXo (eoroiveror. I6;rgcDVo ps rq 0eppo6uvoprrr<q6ev pnoporjye vo rrorj;re drr preroprpdrr0qre 0epp6tqro. H Oep-prcirqro preroprpd(eror pdvo elarricg xdnorog 0cpproxpoorcxrrl56rcxrpopirg rcrr rdroro 6rocpopd Eev undpler. Mnoporipe 6polg vono6;re drr ro dpyo rrou e rreAforrp<e npor<dleoe ori{qoq orrlOepprrrl evdpye ro rou ouorrlporos. 'Olov rl rprp4 npor<otre f ori-

€r1oq rqg Oepprorcpooiog rou oroporog, pnopori;.re vo l iye 6rrrrpoxole i rcx orj{r1oq orq 0e pprr<q evdp'ye ro r-ou orirporog.

t€| :NiPl i /

Page 224: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

;Kur prxp6Kospog

Atyo perd ro pioo rou fi€pqopr6vou orcirvd, q r6io d,rr q Oep-p6rrlrc eivor propgrl evdpyerog roo66vopn ps lS dtrtreg FopgisdXer aplioer vo y(veror nlqrrd ono6er<rq. Mrq qrr6 rrg ouvd-fi€r€S ourrlg rq5 orro6olqg eivor ror 11 ovrr(<orr6pcrtoq rou €v-Erogdpovros yro ;.ro notrrd ovriXqq,'q q orroio yro orc6veg errr-picove pdvo rreprOolprord Kqr unoor1,pr(.e 5^n r7 1eppdrqraoyeri(erat HE rrlv xivqoq r@v yrKpooxontr:<itv 6opx<itv ouord-nx<bv rrlq.jAqS. Mioq orrd ourrlv rnv o:vrinqrq-rr1 or guorroidplroov vo ovo(qrorjv our6 rrou dlerrre. Tov ev<orr16 r<pirorrou rrioreuqv 6rr irrperre vq ouv6ier rr5 6rdgopeg popcpig e-vdpyerog.

: Mro e6porcopdvq rrenoi0rlorl yto rrg 6rrvor6rrlr€S rqs v€u-I rcrlvrrqg ror pio oxdpo nol6 rrotrr6reprl 3ecopio, rrou gorv6-1 rov vo iXe r qvoveo0ei Erlprofpyqoov relrrd ro r<ordllrlloI rrloioro. H neroiOqorl qrov d,rr 6ls ro gorv6prevo 0o prrro-: po6oov vo e{rlyqOoriv pre roug v6poug rrl_(;vsurtovrr<qg 6uvoprr-| *4S, ev<6 q ncxtrrd Oecr:pia rlruv q Aroplrrl Oecrlpio rou Aqp6-i rprrou, 11 oroio arr6 rrg opxis rou srcirvcr dpXroe va ecpop;r6-i (ercr pe peydlq errrrulfo o116 rov Dalton (Nrdl'rov), orrlv €p-I pqvefo rcDV XrlHrK6v 6repyoorc6v. I' quri, ro rrlsforo, noltrofr guorrof enrle (prloov vq €goppr6oouv ror)S yvrrlororjg ve urcrr-r vtro6g v6pou5 rou parp6Kooyou oro peldlo rrlr10o5 ro)v Kr-I voupdv<rrv ocrlprorr6icrtv, rcx oro(o e rlov 611rei 6rr ouyrporo6v

1 rqv 6111. O o'r51og rlrov vo epprrlvedoouv 6trq ro cpcrv6pevo,, 'rq orroiq nepriypage 11 Oeppo6uvaprrrrl. To roiplo epolrqpo-i ro qTov:

o flriS 0o drrperre vCI ouFfisprqdpovr-or ro rrvo6pevq o<rl-

;rori6ro c6ore vo 6rrsloloyeiror q ner0op;1io rcov ouorrlpd'ralvorous lrsrpopsrrKori5 v6youg rqg 0eppo6uvoprrr<r;g;

o flord oxdorl 0o pnopofo€ vo urrdp'1er ovdpeoo o' qu'rd

rrou 6ropd(oupe oro 0eppr6p€rpCI Kqr ro prov6pe-rpo Kor orrs

I ] ENIPIEIA AIATI. ]PE/TA] KAI Y[- IOBAOM]ZETA

-o

Page 225: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ktvrlo€rs T<rlv qdporcrlv ooporr6icov;

To npdplqpo f6e rXve 5rr prnopo6oe vo rrpoo€yyrore i euro-tr5repo orrd rqv nleupd rov oepirrrv. Kor ourd iyrve. H rqr-voripra Oe<rrpio ovoprdorrlrt xtvrynxq (leupia. H rrpc6rq oopo-pq dpe uvo {e r ivqoe oro 1 857 cn5 ro l€ppcv6 roOrlyqrqRudolf Clausius (Porjviotrcp Klood(rou;, 1822-1888). Aiyo Xp6-vro opy6repa, 66o on6 roug peyotr6repous guorKorig rou or-c6vo epgovio'rrlrov oro fipooKrlvro rcrr rrdruXav vc eprrrAou'ri-oouv rnv rorvo6pro 0eolpio. 'Hrov o }<corod(og James ClerkMaxwell (T(drpg Klopr Md{youel, 1831-1879) ror o AuoT pro-169 Ludwig Boltzmann (Aotlvrprl Mrrc,lropov, 1 844-1 906).

Aropo Kor HoproIrlpepo nrore6oupe d'rr oe ivo preydlo ntrqOog cporvopivcov q6trq ouprrreprgiperor oov vG orrorelsrrqr qrr6 dropo.

To dropo eivur noltrd xor prxpri. T6<ro prrpd ror 16oo notrldrrou 6,023 . 10" <X<opdve> oe rdOe y6rcppopdpro prog ouoiog.10" rrepirrou droprcr oe r-pio ypoppdpro ve po6. Apxe f vo oK€-rpro6pe 6rr o oprOpdg rcrrv rc6rucr-lv rrlg dppou rrou urrdpXouvo€ pro pey<ilq nopolio 20m x 50m pe orpc6po ndloug ev6gpirpou e(vor <prdvo)'10'0. Or r6rror 6r[o6( 1.000.000.000 rro-poh<6v e ivor rodpr0por F€ ro dropro rlrrriv ypoppopirlrv vepo6.

Ie fvo rouri nou qori(eror ond ronI6r, erodycror ronvdg ond roryripo.To prxpoordnro onoroAdnrer drr xd0ex6rrog ronvoU rpoiveror vo xrveirororovdvrsro. Mor6(er pe xivqo4pndloq no6oorpoipou nou TnvxAorrofve odporor noirreq. florogeuOUverol yl' ourd ro ooropdr4ro(ryr-(oyx;

H ENEPTE A A ATIPE TA KA 'IIOBAOM ZEI-A

Tc riro;ru rrvodvrqr utirtixorro. And,rqv enolqrou Aqprdrprrou 'ro dropc 6ev eivqr prdvo d-ro-pro (o6rofpero), e ivor rcrur6lpovo rqr q6rdKofiq

rrvotipevo o<opo, i6ro. ll npc6rq oXerrrd dpeoqpoprupio yrCI rrlv o6rdronq rcivrlorl rtrlv ocopo-rt6i<rrv rrpiner va unrlp{e qn6 ro L<crrrod(o po-rovotr6yo Robert Brori''rn (Pdpnepr Mrrpdouv,1773-1858) oro 1827.

To riro;ra 6ev eivqr d-r,oFq. Aev eivor 6qlc6q o-Erofpero. Iro povrilo lrou XprlorHofiore i o e rro-o'rdg orcirvos ro dropro qrroretreiror o116 fiuprl-vo Kqr r1trerr-pd,vro. O nupqvqs, orov orro(o ou-yrev'rpc6veror 6trq o1e,Sdv rl pd(o rou ordpou

Page 226: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Mrc oivor1 drorrrl rivr1or1. Zrs1B27 o Brorvn, e{erd(ovrog ro-ro orrd ro prKpooK6nro rdrrous ydpns prloa oe pro oroydvovepd, 'ncporqprloe 6rr or rdrror erretrofoov Fro dTqKrq rivq-orl, ivov rrepinoro dorono. H rivrlorl iporo(e prs rrrpndrrl;ropeOuoprdvou. Irqv oprl rrioreq.re 6rr or rdr<or erlov (tlr1. 'Orov

dp<rrg noporrlpqoe pro ovdtroyr; rivrloq prloo os pro oroy6vov€porr, noyr6eupivrl eroro;r;rripro Xpdvro ,J' dvo rcoppdrr opu-rro61otro(in, xordlope drr ro <porv6prevo 6ev dXer oXdoq pre rrl(crlq. Or ov6pyavor xdrror <rreprroro6oov)) Kt ouro( pre rov i6rorpdrro. To gorvopevo ovopdorqxt xivryorl tJrown. fro ox-r<i rre-p(nou 6e roerieq iprerve ove {r1yr1ro. Irq 19105 o Einstein d6<rroepro e{qyr1oq. To rorontrqrcrrx6 orrlv undOeorl ourr1, ypdcper o f-6ro9 o Einstein, eivqr o c|tdxonog Xoporrrjpo5 rqg rivqoq5. H

loorrrq rivqoq rcov r6rrotv ogeiXercr oro''r o6rdrono poprpop-6ropd roug orl' dtre5 rrg nAe upd5 ond yuprd6eg oopdrro -p6-pro rou vepori- rrou eivor rroki prrp<irepcr o116 rov rdrro. Toouprrepdoprorc e ivor 6oo. Ilpturo. To vepd doo ror vo <poiverorouvelfg qrrorele fror and ocopori6ro-pd,prct. Ae1repo.'Io p6prappiorovror oe o6rdrorr4, drcrrrl, ruloio rivqoq. Aurd or<pr-pc65 rrou 6ratratrorjoov or 0rcoc6r€S rrls xrvqrrx(5 0eotpio5 rov19o ouiSvq. 'Hrov 11 npc6rrl ror dpeorl errrfiepcirrlorl rnS cropr-rr15 xor rqg rrvqrrrqg Oeopic5.

ouyKpor€i'Tsr qrrd rrporrdvro Kql v€Tp6vrcx rc orroiq ps rrl o€r-pd rous ouyKporo6vror on6 r<oudpr. To xoudpr Oeopotivror

o(;repo ororlerc66q o<rlp0ri6r0.

To oopari6rc uNt4lenr6po6v. To ei6og, ro ;riye0og rns ol-lqleni6poorls Kor q eppilero rrlS, rl onciorooq 6r1lo6q orqvorroio erbqtrc6veror, rrorrfiouv p€ ro si$6r; rcov oopCIrfov. KCI-rd rrg ollrllenr6pdoerg 11 evdpyero 6rorrlpe iror, ro i6ro rcor qopHn.

Or altrqtrenr6pdoerg ordp<ov p€ dropq o6rlyo6v rrotrtr6g cpo-pdg oro crxrlporrop6 oriv0ercov ouyKporqprdr<ov rrou }fyovrorp6pra.'Evo p6pro;rrropef vo €fvorr6oo o'nl6 6oo ror ro p6prorou u6poy6vou, rrou ofioreleiror on6 6Uo p6vo 5;roro dropo,qtrtrd Kor 16oo o6v0ero 6oo q 6rnlr1 dtrrrr rou 6eoo{uprpo(o-vourle rvrrori o{iog, rou fi€pigqpou DN,\, fiou ouyKpor€fror

H ENi:PtE A A ATUPE IAI KA YIIOBAOM ZETA

T

e

Page 227: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ond 1fud6eg dropro rqr qrroretref ro 13oo116 6oprrr<6 ouororr-16 r49 1c,riS.

EoarreprKn evdpyeroKor FrKPoKooFosIrov npc6'ro v6pro rqg Oeppo6uvoprrqg avayvcopioqps rlv o-vdyKrl yro dvo rorvo6pro pdyeOoq. To'nerpdpCIrq HdS errirpe-q;ov vo ro erodyoul.ls KCIt va ercgpd(oupe p' our6 rrg socr>r€pt-rdg 6repyooie5, rrou ouppoivouv oro lirdcpopo ouorrlporo. Toovoprdoope eoutrepxrl ev i,py eru.

Ag 6o6pe rc6po rrlv roor€prrrl evdpyerq qrrd rr1 ororrrd rouprrrp6rooprou. H errciyq rqg rilqg, arr6 tq ororrrd ourq, nepld-

Xer xfvqorl ror oll4leni6pooq. Kd0e rrriorqFo qnor€treirqr o-nd pr6pro rrou rrvofvrdr Kcrr ollrllenrSporjv. Kd0e ;,rd,pro orlo-releirqr o116 dropo rrou rrvodrvror K(x oltrqlenr6podv. Kd0edropro qrroretreirqr qrrd nupqvo r<or rlle<rp6vro rrou ollqtre-rrr6po6v. Ee rdOe oMrplerribpoorl ovrtororlei pio oproprivq 6u-voprrq ev6pyero Kor o€ rdOe rivrloq ocrlporr6iou ;rra opropr6vryrrvqrrrq evdpyero. Ag govroororipe ro riOpolopo dltov qur(iv

Turv evtpyert6v. Or rrpooOerdor rou 0rr eivqr 6leg ol 6uvoprrrdgevipyere5 oMqleni6pCIons r<ov ocopro-rr6i<r-lv r<or dleg ot Ktvrlrr-rdg evdpyerss <oS npos ro rdvrpo pd(org rou ouorqpCIros.

H <puorrrl prdg rrporefver vcx o'no6r:Xrorjpe 6rr our6 ro ri-0poropru arrorelei rnv soorsplr{ e vdpy€tCI rou ouor{po-rog. flp6rerror yro ro i6ro pdyeOog, q ,reropolq'rou orrofou o-p((c:rar (AU : q + W q'n6 rov npc6ro vd,po rrlg 0eppo6uvo-prKr1s.Aurd oqpraiver 5rr ecpdoov oe rdnoro odorrlpo peropr-pd(eror evdpyero Xtopfs vq qno6i6ercrr evipyaq oro neprpdl-lov ro yeyovd5 neprypdcperor:crr6 14 orornd rou purpdxoopou urrd rr1 sxorrrd rou grxpdroo;rou

percBrpd(eror ev6pyera qu€dvr.l ro d0porqlc r<ov r<rvqr-rrc6v

cog 6pyo q ror co5 0epp6rqro. Kqt ro)'r' 6uvoprrcc6v evepyercov

rcov oopcrr6icrlv rrou ouyrporo6v

ro o6orr1pa.

H ENEPTEIA AIATHPEITA] KAI YTIOBAOM]ZETAI

Page 228: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Krvqrrrq Becopio1. l6cvrxri adpro.

An6 rq Fro o poKpdr<oopro5 rcllv rrsrpqprdrc,rv Kor rcrrv H€rp4-o€<ov rqr qrr6 rqv dMq o prrrp6roopos ps ro q6rdrorrq rrvo6-

F€vq ocrlpori6rs. H rrvqrrrrl Oecrlpio 'rov aepiov errrlsrpef vaouv66oer rou 66o rd,opoug rrpore ivovrcr; ivo provrdtro ro o-noio ovoprd(tran 6avrrc5 atpro.

An6 rq ororrrd r-ou ;rrrp6rooFou ro r6cxvrr6 oipro eivqr ivoo6volo rrvoupdv<rrv ooporr6irov pe opropri,veg r6rar rep6rrlre g :

o O ouvoh<dg 6yrog rcrrv ooFcx'rr6irrrv 0e<opeiror -oe oXd-orl p€ rov 6yxotou 6oXeiou- opetrrlrdog.

o T6oo or prero{6 rcov ;.ropicrrv ouyrpo[roerg 6oo ror ere(vegr<ov popicov p€ ro rorl<6poro rou 6ole iou Oecopodv'rar oTro16-rog eloorrrig.

o Tq oarHorf6ro urrorodouv orous vruro)vrKorjg vdpougrqg rivqoq5

o Aev cxoro6vrqr Euvdperg pero[6 rcov prop(<ov nopd prd,vorca'rd'rr1 6rdpre ro rcrlv ouyKpoiioecov.

Aurd, or1;roiver 6rr 11 pero{6 66o ouyrcpodoeov rivqoq rdOepopiou eivor eu06ypoppn opolq rcxr dr-r 6r:v undpler 6uvoprrqevdpyera. H eotoreprr{ rvdpyero rou r6ovrxod oepiou eivcr,ouverrtfg, ri0poropa rrv4rrrriv evepyerdrv.

2. flieor1 ror pr rpriroc'Fos.

'Evq qrr6 ru rrpc6ro ep<orqprorq eivcr our6 yro rqv uieoq e -vdg oepiou. O o6poro5 oipog rrlg oXohrqg oiOouoog coreinieoq oro r(dpr rou rropo0ripou, orqv rupdrtro rou r<oOqyr1-'r(, oroug roryoug ror q rrpq 'rq5 eivor crrrrq rrou 6rapd(oupeoro rordtrtrqlo 6pycvo. Trlv i6ro orryprl, orrlv nporerv6pevrluxdvs roo lttxp6xoopou, errrdrcrg rrepirrou e roroppripro oerri-vqro pdpro r<upi'cog o{uydvou ror cr(<irrou rrurrodv ot t(d1tw,oe roiXou5, oe ovOp<inrvcr oc6porcr.

flon eivcx q oy€oq rrlg nieoqc y€. rs nvodyevc aord p6pn;Baor(6pevor oro irovrilo r-ou r6qvrro(r aspiou ror ecpoppr6-

(ov'rog rous v€urtovrrotlg v6poug 'rqg r<ivrloqg q 0ep;ro6uvcpr-I

e

Page 229: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

r( o6r1ye(rqr o' ivo ovoprevdpevo oupnipcoFrCI. Orr 11 nieoqev6g oepioo oyrr((*or 16oo o) pe rov ovd povd6o dyrou o-pr0p6 rcrrv KrvouHivrrrv propicrlv doo rorr p) p€ rqv rivqorl rous.Iuyrerprpdvo, <crolqy€r o€ prro e{iocrroq 11 onoio ercppd(er d-TI:

H nfeo4 efvur qvdloyn rTpos rnrr nuxvdrqro Kor nposrov pdoov 6po rcrv rerpuyrilvc)v ro)u'rq6ur{rtrv rrou dXouvra xrvodpevo pripro ereivq 14 orryprl.

3. Orp;rorpooic ror prrp6roopos

Tr ouprpoive r Sprrlg pe rq 0epproxpooio; floro oXioq urrdpler a-vdpreoo o' our6 fiou FdS 6e ilver dvo 0epp6p€rpo Kor oe 6oq e-rce ivrl rq orrypq ouppoivouv orov prrrpdr<oopo ev6g oepiou;

H ondvrqoq o'our6 ro ep<irqpq eivsr fuy6repo ovoprev6-pevq ond rrlv rrporlyofpevrl. H 0eppoEuvoprrrl roT olqyer oroou;rripoopro 611 4 0epporpooio oXe'r((tran p6vo pre rqv rivq-orl rcov popi<ov Kqr ouyK€Kprprivo eivrrr qvdloyrl rrpos ro pd-oov tipo rorv Krvqrrrr6v evepyertfv rilov rrov ;ropitrlv xqrdrr1 anyp{ exeiv4.

It dvc r6qvrrd cdpro(orrri rr1 oronld rou prlrpriroopou)

H eooreptxri evdpyero: e ivor (oq pe rrt d0poropro rrr>v Krvql-r<6v evepyer<6v 6trorv r<ov o<opoT r6i<rrv

H Oeppoxpoofa: eivor ovdloyrl rpos rov ;rrioo 6po rcov xrvq-rtrc6v evepyer6v dtr<rrv rcrlv o<oporr6i<rrv.

F] ENEPTEIA A ATF']PEITA KAI YNOBAOM ZEIA

Page 230: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

,pos \nspffipoffiu\rffiWffi

H orpoprllovq arro6erl0qr<e pro notr6 r<crtrr1 6oordtro rrlg ov-

0pcrrn6rqrog. Mag ipc0e 6rr notrId npdyporo eivat 6uvsr6vvo yivouv ror 5'rr nohj rreproo6repo eivo' a66varov vo fipcry-

;rc'rorrorrl0orjv. Mro orrd rr5 eprrre rpieg rrou qfioKrr10r1rov crrdrr1 lerroupyio rrlg o6rlyqoe rr1 Oeolprlrrrq or<dr.pq orrlv I6do yrorrlv unopd0;rror1 rrlg evipyeros, rl orroicr e prrre prdleror orov6e6repo vdyo rqc )eppo\uvapxqs.

To dpyo sfvqr rrotrurrp6rtpo onri rq Oop;rdrqro

'Evq ond ro 6r6dyporq rrls e;.rnerpfo5 fiou ofioKrqoope orrd,rrs orpopqXavd5 e ivorro 6rt rord rr1 tre rroupy(o prrag ofioroo-6qnore prlxov4s e (vqr q66vdrov vo percrprpd(ou;re evdpyero100, trd,you Xdprv, povd6ov cog 0cppr6rrl-ro Kor vcx pCIS qrro6f

6er 100 provd6e5 ipyou. Ardpo Kor ov urrqpXe pnxcxv4 rrou vGle rroupyef Xopi'S rprpdg pro moodrqro 0rpprdrrlros 0o ono6i-6e'rqr ovarr6<peuKTo Kqr our6 6Xr yro l6youg'relvrr<orig.

H epnerpio pog 6r6dorer 6rr q preroprf]o(6pevr1 <rrg ipyo e-vdpyero pnopef e{o}orlrlpou vq Fr€rorpCIrref oe 0ep;rrrr1 evdp-

Yfl0.fevrrefovrCIs ro 6i6oypro sur-5 o ldp6,rg Kelvin 6rqrdn<ooe

pe oocprlverc rdrr fiou n q6on cpoiveror vo HcxS orroyope 6e rv0 ro fi pcrYF0Torror rlooupre.

Efvcr c6rivoro vq KqrqoKturiooupe ;-rio Oepprx4 pttXou{rrou vo prrope f vo Fsrqrpdrrar dvq rrocr6 0epprirqrcg o)\6-xl4po o€ FqXnvrK6 dpyo.

H np6'roor1 orro'relef prro arrd rrg 6ror-urrc6oerg rou 6edre-poo v61tou rqC Acppo6uvapxrlg.

To rropcxnrivo ;rag o6qyouv orqv r6do 6rr q preruptpo(dpe-vrl crls dpyo svipye ro tivqr rro,\urrrproreprl crnd rodrrooq ev6p-yero peroprpo(6pevq cog 0epp6rqrc.

H ENE Pf EIA AiATHPEIIAI KAI YIIOBAOI'AIZE iAl

ab-1

e

Page 231: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Oepprirqro nolurr ;rdreprl qrrd r odno,oq e€pFdrqrc

o. Eivqr yvoror6 6rr q 0ep;r6rqro eivcrr evdpyao fiou peropr-pd(arar ou06ppqra srr6 dvo or6po I npog ivo dtrlo I op<e i11 Oepporpooio rou I vq eivor laprql6r'epq. To 6rr q prelopipo-oq yiveror ou06pprlrc Kor rrpos ouyKsKptHivq rore riOuvoqoqproiver 6T r ouvT eleiror 1<rrpig vo 1pe rd(e'rol rourdlpovCI voouvretrei'rqr rdrroro dllo cporv6psvo o'rov r6opo.

p. H eprrerpfo pog Eyu, tr 'fur1g, 6r6d{et 6rt ro ov'ri0e,ocporvdpevo, q ou0dpprqrq 611lo611 per<rpipooq 0epp6rrlros o-n6 ro r.,uu1p6tepo o<6po fipos ro Oeppdrepo eivqr o66voro vqouppe i. O p6vog rpdnog yrs vCI rrpcrylrororrorqOef e ivot vo pe-roprpd(erar rour6Xpovo evdpyero urr,i Hopq{ 6pyou. Efvar q-

66vqrov vo Kqrooxeudooup€ Frq pr11av{ or4v orroiu voperaprpri(ouFs Oep;rrirqru unri 1op4l{ Oeppoxpooio xarvo qrro6i6er 0ep;r6r4rq urrd uqql{ (fep;roxpaoic;ltrrpig ro-ravdtrooq fpyou urroorrlpr{e o Rudolf Claussius ror q np6ro-oq orrorele i 'pro dllr l 6rordncooq rou 6e rirepou v6;rou rqg0e p;.ro6uvoFrK4S.

H 6rcrnjr<oorl HcS o6rlyei orqv r6io 6rr q <(eorq> Oeppdrrl-rq eivqr rlolurrpdreprl orrd ro6rrooq <rp6c>> Oeppdrqro.

H pq;1ovrx{ evdpyero sivur nolurrpri:repq und 14 0epprxri

'Evog PpdXoS rorporulder qrr6 ro pouvd. Ie triyo iXer iprdoer

lopqld. Ere i oroprcrder rqr yv<opi(c'upe 6rr 11 Oepporcpooiarou ou{r10qr<e.

frq ro oJorqpro ppdlog-fq:o q ohx{ evdpyeru 6rorqpq0qre o'roOeprlo rl Fnxqvrrri evdpyelo elcxrrc60qr<e evc6 ou{r|0rl<e todno-

oq rl €otoreprxri evfpyeruTo gorvdprevo XopqKrrlp(erol ao06ptpqro. Mro noodrrlro pl-

lcvrrqg evdpyerag perorpdnqre otr6rl1pq oe evfpyero Oepprrr1.Mnopo6pe vq XprlorFonorqooupre ou-r( rq Oepprrq evdpyero yro

vo {avondpoul-r€ rrl pqxcvrKrl evipyero rrou erlopre; MnopeiSqtro-5q o ppuXog vo {ovondtr ltdvoqrou o'rc, oqpreio srr6 6rrou {erivq-oe; fv<opi(oupe notr6 rcotrd 6rr r<drr rdroro 6ev ;rnopeivc ouprpei.

Mrlncog Ocx prrropo6o€ vo yiver pe x.orroro prlXov{; Na rpo-

e

Page 232: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

go6orrlooupre 6qla6q pro pq1av4 lr. tn €epprrq evdpyeru nou6ro0d'roupr Kqr vo ndpoupe pqlovrrrl evrlpyero roo66voprrl; Heprnerpio rlls CIrpo;rqxCIv4s pog 6i6o{e 6'n qur6 6ev eivor 6u-vqr6v vo npcryporonorrl0eio6re rqr pe rtiovrrrl Hnxqv4.

Eivar svqn6<peurro vo o6rlyrlOotipre oe Kdnotq o6yxproq ovd-

F€oq orrl prllcrvrrq Kor rrl Oepprrcrl evipyer<x. Atqntor<6voupre 6rt11 prrllovrrrl evipyero unep'repei rrlg Oepprrqg, eivor nronotrJrp4:

o) H 96o11 errttpinet rrlv F€rorporrn rrls FqxCIvt-r<qg evdpyerog e{ olor}qpou oe 0tpprrrrl evc6 e;rno6((errq Oepprrq vo rdver ro ovriOe'ro.

p) H pqlavrrq evdpyers FqS 6i',re r <rlgdtrrpo 6pyo rre-proo6repo o116 prro roo8tivo;rq noo6rqro Oepptrrlg e-vdpye rcg.

O rrpcirrog v6pog rq5 0eppo6uvoprrrqg, piporo, u-noorqpf(er d'rr or drrigopeg Fopgds evdpyerog eivotrrooorrrd roo6rivo;reS. O 6e6'r€pos ouprrtrqpc6ve r.l-looorrxd roo6rivo;re5 vor, otrlti rip ro (6ro nol6rr-

Fts.I'qur6 rrou ouvdprl F€ ro ppdxo, olld rqr oe rd-

0e cuOdppqro <porv6p€vo, rl cpuorrq unc,orqpf(et d'rt q otrrr{evdpyera 6rar4peiror ollri ror unopoo;ri(eror. Ie o1ior1 perrl HrlxovrKrl ev6pyero q Oepprr<q Oecope ilcxr evdpyero rqrc6re-

Prl, fuY6repo Xprlor;rq, evipyerc unopoOprropivn. Aur-6 ro;6elKqr or crxion pe Sleg rrg dlle5 popqds €']orsprK4g evdpyerog,dncog, l6you 1dprv, n XnHrKr1 evipyero.

No ouvorlrfoou;re. f leprypdgovrqs ro: gorv6prevo o116'rr1oroTrrd rou por<pd,KooHou, q 0eppo6uvoprxrl 6ro<piver rrl H€-roprpo(6pevq o' ivo o6ollpc evipyero (fpyo, Oeppd,rqro) a-rrd'rqv evdpyero rqv orroio €yer €va o6orqpa oe rdrroro 1po-vrrrl orryp( Kcr unoorqpf(er:o) Avocpoprrd pe rq peropi'pooq evipyercrg

r) 6rr ro dpyo eivor rrolun;r6repo o116 rorirroo4 0ep;rrirrporr) drr { <(eor4p 0epp6rrpo e"i'vor no,lurrp6repq qrr6 rod-

fiooq <rpdo> Oep;rrirrpop) Avcrpoprrd pe rrlv evipyera ev6g ouor(prarog

H ENEPTE A A ATHPEITA KA YIIOBAOMIZETAI

l:

f !

(i

Page 233: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

drr q eooreprrri Oepprrri evdpyero eivor hyrirepo nohirr-

Fn o€ q16or1 pe ro6rrooq pqxovrK{ evdpyerc qltrd KtIr otoadon pe rille5 Fopgds eotoreprxrig r:vdpyerog rinary eivcl q

XqFrKri rvdpyero.

A'Ano Trl oKonrorou prKPoKoopou

Eoorreprrri cvdpytra

'EXoupe rre r 6'rr --qrrd rq ororrrd rou prrr<pdroopou- eoorreprrqevipyero eivor ro d0poropra rcov Krvrlrrrcilv evepyerriv rcxt T <rrv6uvcx;rrrc6v evepye rr6v dlolv rc,lv ocDporr6icov rou ouorqporos.

Av neproproro6;re oe gorv6preva 6n<og r; Oippovorl, or F€-rapolig rcqroordor<rrv, rl ouprrrieoq, 1 errdvcoorl Kqr or Xrlpr-xig ovrr6pdoerg, r6re or rrpoo0eriorrls sooreprrrl5 evfpyer-og eivor:

r) Aul-of f iou f ioprordvouv xrvqrrxdg tvdpytreg. Avrtorot-

Xo6v oe rrvqoe rg ruloieg rsr d'rorrss Ksr oleri(ov'ror ps ropoKpooKonrrd, piye0og 0epporpqoio. flp6xerror yro rrpoo0e-rdou5 fiou orrorrlo6v ro ley6prevo ovopyrivtoro rprlpo rrls e-ocr;reprrrlg evdpyerog. To dOporoprd roug eivqr qu'rd rrou lipreOepprrrl evfpyero. I 'dvq r6qvr16 odpro undplouv pdvo or npo-oOerior fiou fioptordvouv xrvqrrrig e'rdpyere5.

rr) Auro( rrou rroprordvouv 6uvoplrdg evdpyereg. Avrroror-

loriv orrg ollrltrenr6pdoerg popicrlv pr: p6pro ro0org r<or pe d-ropo oro eo<oreprrd evdg popiou. l-lpcixerror yro rrpooOeriou5fiou Gfiorelodv ro leydpevo opyovopdvo rpqpo rrls €oor€-prK4S evipyerog. To d0poropd rou5 ei,ror qu,d rrou ,\dpe plpr-xr1 evdpyero.

M4;1ovrx{ evfpyero

H rivqorl ev6g ovrrrerprdvou on6 rq or<orrrd rou prorpdKoopouneprypdgeror Kor p€ ro piyeOog rrvq'rrrq evdpyero. Ko0c6g roovrrreipevo e rrelei yro nopd6srypo, p€rCIqoprKrl rivqorl, ro

I-..I-e-

-IH EI.]EPIE A A ATHPE TA KA Yt'IOBAO^,1IZETA

Page 234: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

oopqri'6ro fiou ro ouyKporofv dxouv oE Kdes orrYp{ Kotv{'roXtirrlro Kqr rl Krvrlrrrq roug evipyerog -o€ ovrrfiopd0eoq peerce(vq fiou ovrovorld rrlv ruXoio rar drorrq Oepprr<q rivrl-oq- 0errlpe(ror opyovtopdvq.

An6 r4v opyrivtoo4 mrlv oru(ic

1. Ko06g ivo ptrqpo peydlqg rcX6'rqrcr5 evocprlvc6v€rot o€rdnoro rory<opo Kcr rl Fqxqvrrq rou evdpyero unopo0pi(eror,perorpendp€vrl o€ ro6rrooq Oepprrrrl, pnopo6pe vs rropqrq-p(ooupe d,r q opyavolpivq r<rvq'nrr1 evdplrglq rcrlv ocDpoT r6icrrvTou H€rqrpdrreror oe r<rvrlrrrrl evdpyero a'vopydv<o'rq.

t l r\ ty ' .r l

f I l<-. taia r+J r+

]i:t f t

- tl t

+rt+G>;B;39*>..rr.+ +t Ft€r++)

Aurd 0o pnopo0oe vo ooq ouppeiov iolue pdvo o np6rog v6pog

rnS 0eppoduvoUrxtiq.

2. Ko0<69 r<orpor<ulder o ppdXoS, I opyovco;rdvq rcvq-rrr<q evipy€ro ro)v 6oprrc6v oorprolrr6icrrv rou -€v fipo-xe rpivco rcov propicov rou- prerorpdrreror or evdpye roOepprrrl, nou oq;roiver rrdtrr rcrvqrrrq evipyero ocrlporr-6fcrrv, oltrd rcSpo rrro ovopydvorr-q. Ev<6 q evipyerarrooorrrd 6ro111pq0r1r€, rdrr dtrlor{e. H <a'ro{io> F€yd-looe . H g6oq xord rrg ou0dpprlr€S Erepyooieg rr lg-rrou orror-elofv Kor rrl ouvrprfil-rKq rrlerorl.rqcpio rorvyeyovdr<rrv rou Irlprrrcvros- rpoiveror vo 6ei1ve r prronporipqoq. 'Ooo yro ro Fpdxo, o 6e6repog vd,pog rqg0eppo6uvoprK4S pog Oupi(e r <irr r r rou ro ldpoupe .

Mnope i vo ro {fpoupe atrtrd po5 ro €rnorlpCIive r. Mog tr6er }or-rr6v 6rr eivqr o66vorov rq 6oprr<d o<o;rori6ro rou ppdlou voopyovco0o6v p6vo rous/ vo orrorrqoouv rrs i6reg rccreu06v-oe r5'ro1jrlrCIS, iror rrou o ppdlog v' opXioer vo rpdle r p6vo5

H ENEPTEIA A ATHPEITAI KAI YI]OBAOM1ZETA

T

h

e

Page 235: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rou Kqrd rrlv qvrlgoprd. Idpcpcovo l.r{; rov npc6ro v6pro ou'r66ev eivqr rdrr r-rou dfiqyop€feror. Oo erlope prq €nrrp€n6pe-vq o6{qoq rns Hnxqvrrrlg evdpyerds o{: PdpoS rqg Oepprrcrlg. H0eppor<pooiq'rou ppdlou 0q elqrrcrlv6rov, qltrd o ppdXog eoaviporve pr6vog rou. Oq qrov prro opydvoorl rr15 evipyerog,pro ou06pprlrq 6ro6rrqoiq on6 rqv crro{io orqv opydvoon.H grioq dF,<rls 6e cpoiveror vo ouyKrvr;i'rqr qrr6T€rote5 opyCI-vc6oerg ou06ppqreg. Or Xrovoorrpd6e<; pd5 nofpvouv qrr6 rri-o<o rord rqv ovop066o{q rqre60uvcrq pr6vo oe XoprrcopivoKrvrlpqroypocprrd fpyo, oe oriroq r1 ori doXrlpo 6verpo.

To{i6ro Xtopi5 srnorpog{. Ie nollf,; 6ro6rrooieg oT q g6onurdpler prio pr6vo rqreriOuvoq. 'Evo orrfpro nou rdqre 6evurrdpXer rp6ro5 vo {ovoyiver orripro. To dropo fiou ro ou-yrpo'rodoov ppiorovrov or FrCI opyc(vcopdvq 6op4. 'YoT epoorrd,rrl <ouvdvrqorl)) p€ rq dropo rou o{uy6vou rl ofurr1 pd-(o rropdperve orcxOepq -6n<og lier o Lavoisier- ror 4 e{d}r{r1rqg evdpye rog ner0dpxnos oT ov rrp<riT o v6pro rqg 0eppo6u-voprrrrlg. Kdrr 6pog dler otrtrd{er operdrlqro. H vdo 6rdro-

tr1 e ivor fuyd,repo roKronorrlprivq an6 nporlyotipevo, lfe r o6erlrepog vdyo5 rqg Oeppo6uvoprrr(,; . An6 FrCI ox€rrKd op-yovcopdvq 6oprr1 nepdooH€ o€ prrp6r-epr1 opydvcooq. Ar6porr ov po(iqrouF€ 6tro rq utrrrd rrou rrpoiKur.lrcv Kqr ro rpo-

9o6o, qooup€ Fs rq 0epp6rrlrq rrou ei le orreleu0epo0ef6ev urrdpler 6p6pog yro errrorpogn. H q6on 6ev errrrpdrrerrdrorou ef6oug €nrorpoqfg. To orr fpro 6e 0o {ovoyfverorrfpro rrord. To ouy6 nou 6ppcroe 6ev prropei vo {avcryiverqu'rd rrou qrov rrprv. Alld Kr qv or ;glprroi rarogdpouv o€opropiveg rreprmrciro€rs vq {ovordvouv ro rrpdypdrCI drr<o5qrov rrprv, rl (€firorpoq{) 0o dler onoro6rlrrore cvdyr<q o-116 rqrqvdlcooq errrrrliov evfpyerog ror pdho'ro popqns<no}6'rrpqg>.

EvrponioH lp4orprirqrq KCIr 4 opyrivtlo4.'Orrv rdqre ro onfpro 6vonoo6 Xp{orpns - opywco;liv4g evfpye rc(S p€rqrpdnqxe oe evfp-

F'] ENEPTEIA AIATNPE TA KA YTIOBAOMIZETAI

Page 236: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

y€rq hy6rspo Xp4orpn Kqr rqurdxpovo ovrrpydvcrlrq. Ag npooi-

{oupe ncog ou;rpo6rZouv or 66o iworeg. Ie oXiorl ps rr1 0epp6rq-rCI, rl XrlFrKrl evdpyeru r<ov 6eop<6v eivqt neltrood'repo 1pr1or;rq rotneprood,repo opywtrlpivq.

H lprlorpr6rnro Hros evipyerog po0poTroyeiror o6pcptovo p€'ro rroo6 rou 6pyou rrou l-rfiopsi vo rrdpou;le orr' au'rqv. H Xq-prrrl evipy€ro rrou ppioreror ano0qreuprivrl oroug 6eopo6grou oxrcrviou rrls pev(ivr1g, prropef va 6r6rrer neptoo6repo 6pyoon6 iorl rroo6rrlro Oepprrqg evdpyerug rrou nepriXerot oro (e-o16 ne(o6pdpro q oro vep6 rcov <rrreovc6v. H ot parpooKortt.16 enfne6o ytqorp6rqrd trvrqvqd\ri 14 llKpooKorTrr{ elx6vor4g opyrivoorls. H prra iwotq ev6rogiper rous Fnxovtt<o6g rotroug prelerqrig prog FdKpooKorrrrrlS OecirprlorlS, I dllq ev6ro-

H rvrponio. Irq 1865 o Rudolf Clausius np6rerve pro rotvo0-pro 6woro, I onoio 0o pnopo6ot vo po3poloyrlo€t rrl Xprlol-pdrqro rrlg evfpye rc5. To 6vopd rrlg qrcw evrporria (yeppovt-rd entropie). Arlproupyrl0qre arrd rqv el,\r1vrrrl pi(o evrpirrco.To Xp6vro rrour qrotrodOqoov, p€ Trlv i6ror iwotq, iytve 6uvq'r6vo rr€prypqgei r<or q rd[q-orofio rrlg 6]119 on6 dnorprl FrKpo-oronrr(. Ooo prrp6r€pn €vrponio i1e ivo oc6pro rdoo rrto

Xp4orpn evfpyero 6ro0dter -o€ HqKpoorontrd en(ne6o- olld

I1 EI\ EPTE A A ATHPEITA KAI YI-IOBAOMIZETA

6P

Page 237: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Kor 1600 rrro F€yd^rl eivor 11 rd€rl, r-r1v onoio epgovi(er o€ Fr-KpooKo'rn Kd errirre6o.

M6vo rrg pe'ropolig rr15 evrponiog pnopodpe vo yerpqoou-pe. Ko0c6g ror-parulde r o ppdlos orrlv nloyrd 11 ror ro0c6groryeror ro orrip'ro q evrponia ou{dvrir, peyalcover q oro{io,unoprpd(erCIr rl Xprlorp6rqro.

Ag 6orjpe rc6pc ouvofuxd rr HqS 6r6<ior<er o 6e6repog vdpo5rrlg 0eppo6uvoprrrlg. MoS lder drr orcr au06pprrlra yeyovdroundpXer ndv'rCI pro oproprivq rare60u\/orl. Eivqr ivo 6popol6-yro lcopfg errrorpogrl.

H guorrq po{ rns Oeppd,rqrog eivor p6vo ond rc 0epp6re-pq fipos rc rpulpd,repo ocirporo. Or d'rOponor po6i(ouv qv€-rriotperrro rrpos rrg puribeg Kqr rq yqporerd, or ordX're5 6evprrroporjv vo {ovoyivouv r<odrooupo. fevrrdrepo,'16oo 611lo611oro ouOdpprlro d,oo KGr orq 61 ou06llpqro yeyovdrc, 11 (Dri-oq 6erlver pro ouvotrrr<r1 nporiprlorl orr'l yia <are69uvor1. 4116rq lpqorprl evdpyera orrl trryd,repo xpqrrrpq , oTt6T qv opydv<o-orl orrlv oro{io. E(vor 11 nopeio npos'rqv o6{r1on rrls svrpo-rrio5 tou I6prrrovro5.

To gorv6prevo (cof'Evo naprigovo (;) proli orn oupgro'uiu rqg unopriO;ror15.4116To Xcopi'S opydv<rror1 dropro oro il<rrvrovd pd,pro rr o'n6K€r orq (ov'rovd r6rtopo, orrg oprd6eg ru,rdpcov rr qrrd relorq oroutrqrra, oro oTrov6ul<o'r6, oru Orlloo'rrrd, orov dv-Opcono. Mro rope io fipos rrlv opydvrooq. Kdrr oqv (nopo-

gorvio> orq yevrrrl ori[qoq evrponio<; rou ldprnovrog. Mlunopeio orrd ro rrr0qvd fipos ro qrriOs',ro. Bdporo orq 6roe Ko-roppfpro 1p6vro rrou XperdorrlKov yro vo yiver ourd, rpoHo-rrrr ig noodrr l reg r lhorr lg evfpyerc; <poppdp6roGV) rovrrlov1rq pog.'Hrsv evipyero rrou 6qprroupyrlOqr<e on6'rq prercpotrrl rrls op-yovcoprdvrl5 6op4S rtrlv nuprlvrrc6v o<rl1.ro'rr6i<rtv o€ prCI 6oprl o-nolo6rlnore prr<pdreprlg opydvoorls. lt o6{r1oq, p' d}Ao trd,-yrcx/ rqs evrporrirrg rrou ouvdprl orov'Hho e ivqr rrotr6 p€yc-tr6repq o116 orroro6qnore rourdlpovrl etrdrrcoorl evrporriag

-e

H tNEPtEIA AIATHPEITAI KAI YNOBAONAIZETAI

Page 238: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ouvipn orov rrlov4rq l.,oS. Iro pe'ro{6, ro0c6g n (<o4 rutrderprioo oro orroouorrlForo, preydleg noodrqreg urropoOpro;.ri-v<ov €vspye rc6v qrreleuOep<6vovrcr rrpos ro neprpdllov.

Anrioncoprq qrr6 dvq vrorou;rdvro rqg UNESCO

Oproprivor errrorqpoveg ouvqOr(ov vo ordcprov'ror 5rr qepcpdvroq, rl CIvqrropcry<oyrl ror q ovdnru{n prqs opyCIvo-

itdvqs rsrdorqorls oro (crrvrovd ouorrlporo, orroreloU-oov e{orpiosrs rou 6erirepou vdprou rr15 0eppo6uvoprrrlg.Irlpepo 6ev rrrorefoupre 6rr rdrr riroro eivor olr10rv6. Too<oo16 eivqr d'rr dvc (<rrvrov6 odorqpro prrropef vo rrepdoerorrrl prro opycvcoprivq rordoroorl o€ pro dtrtrr1 or6po rrroopyovotrrivq, olld our6 ouvo6e6eror on<oo6r1rro're srr6xdnorq ond6ooq evipyerog oro rreprpdllov rou. H evdp-yero ourrl npoipXercr ond ro Fr€rooxrlporroprd,rolv rro16-rrlor<rrv popirov (ylurr6icov, hnr6i<r:v) r.rov r-pocpc6v oe p6-pra orrlorior€pq 6rr<o5 ro HrO rqr ro C.O,.

lro vq 6rorqprloer ivcx ovOp<irrrrvo ov oro0ep6 pdpo5orq 6rdprera ev6g lp6vou orrarre i yrrr rropd6€rypq, rrlvunopdO;.rroq 500 Xrfuoypd;rp<rlv rpocprls Kdr rn 6rd1uor1oro neprpdltrov evdpyero5 2 6roe rqroppupfov Joules. Hopydvooq rou ov0pcOfirvou 6vrog pnope f vo rropopfve r 11i6ro r1 vo yfveror peyotrdreprl, q^Id 11 opydvcrlorl rou rrspr-pdltrovro5 errrirrrer rrotrd rreproodrepo.

Aev 0a prroporiooF€ vCI xo'roldpoupe rirrors yro rqvorroloyio Kcr yrq rq ;.rd'truvorl rou rre prpdltrovros ovnpc6ro 6e oultro;rBdvopre rqv 166o d,r-r q 6rcrrlpqon tqs(cor15 eivor (oe o1ior1 Hr rrlv nopaycoyrl oro{io5) prro 6ro-6rrooio 6onovqprl.

H ENEPtEiA AIATHPETTAI KAI Yl TOBAOMIZETAI

e

Page 239: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

;Xnpn*{ evdpy€rsH lqpe io ;;o5 trier d-rr oro eocrrreprr<i rd0e popiou ro dr-o;toouyrporodvrqr o' ourd e{ orriog opt(Jpdvrov prero(6 toug ctr-lqlenr6pdorov. Eprei5 dloup€ nrq ;rdt)er vo neprypdqoup€ rrsollrllenr6pdoerg o) pe 6uvdp€rs Kqr 13) pe 6uvoprrrq evdpyero.E6ril dp<og q ytrr6ooo rqg evfpyerog efi,or rrro onor€leoprorrr<r1.H otrlqtreni6pooq ovdpreoo ol-o dropo lrou ouyKporofv roprdpro ouvq0f(eror vq qrro6i6srqr p€ rq ley6prevq tvipyen Xq-pxoti 6eopoti.

Kd0e Xq;rrr<q ovri6pooq eivor prro {iro6rrooio, rord rrlv o-noio pio oproprdvq 6rdro{q rcov or6;l<r-lv (rov r6vrcov rg rovpopirov) peropdlleror Ksr npor6nrer prio 6rdro€q 6ragoperr-

rr1. Mnopotipre vo peracppdoou;re ldyovro5 5rr peropdtr-Iovtsr orr;rdg 6uvoprrqg evdpl,erog rroU neprypdgouvrrg 6rdcpopeg ollqtrenr6pdoer5. flpdrerror lorn6v yro F€-ropol{ rn5 so<lrrsprK{s evdpyerog, 11onoio er<gpd(e'rorpre owollcry( evdpyerog cxvdpreorr oro o6orrlpd Kqr ro €-

(oreprrd neprpdllov rou. H rc6or1, yro napd6erypo, eivorprro plprrry cvri6poorl, q onoic loporrqpi(€rqt tos e{c60eppq,yrcri rcrd rrlv efdtrr{q rr15 ono6i6eror evdpysto -trls Oepprdrrl-tq- srr6 ro odorqps npos ro neprpdtr\ov rou.

Me rrg yvroorig Oeppr6operprrcig 6rord{erg pnopo6pe vc pe-rpdpe Kor ro nood 0epprdrqros fiou qno6i6ovrqr qrr6 ro 6rd-qopCI ro6orpo. To rorjorpo 6ev dlouv 6lo trg i6leg 6uvor6rr1-reg.'Evo 1116 trryvirrl rord rq rorjoq rou ono6i6er notr6 trry6re-pq 0epp6rqrq qrrd dvo rctr6 rre, piloro.

H Oeppavrtxq trcav6rqra ev6c, xauoltou eivqr ivs piye0ogfiou f iooo'rrror-rorei rrg 6rocpope rrr i , ; ou'r ig 6uvordrrlr-eg.Ergpd(er to nood 0eppr6rqrcs rrou urro6i6er q ra6or1 FlsS o-propdvq5 Fd(qS rouofpou, opi(sror olrvenc6s crrg nqlirco rounooo6 0epprdrqros rrou qrro6i6ersr q'n6 opro;.rfvq ;;d(o rouuhrori rrpos rq prd(o ourq. Ie povd6eg kcal/kg q Oeppovrrrrl r-rcov6rqra rou rrsrp€Ioiou eivqr 11 .30(1, rqg pev(ivqg 10.500,rou trr0dvOpdKo 7.500 evr6 rou fuyvirr; e(vcn 3.000-5.000 rqrrou [6]ou 3.000-4.000. Tq Osppovrrrcq rrov6rrp-cx rcov cepi<ov

I

e

Page 240: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rrl F€rpdFr Kor o€ kcal/lit.Bpo6eia ra6oq ou;rpoiver KCIr orrs $lfrpopsg rpocpdg nou a-

oiplovror orov opyqvropr6 pqg Kqr pog nopilsr rrlv evipyerorrlv qvcryKqio yro vo (odpre Ksr vo erreloripe nipyoo.Av rdnor-og 6ev cpder yro 6uo prdpeg, 11 evipyero e{uocpoli(eror on6 rqvrcxforl oorcXdpcov ror oprflou rrou e(vqr cxrroOrlreuprrfva oe 6rd-gopo dpywa, 6rrorg ro ourcirrr. Av qur6 nopo'roOei, o opywr-op6g apX(a vq Kqrqge6yer mrg ecpe6peir:g rcurroprro6l(nou5.

O ov0pc6nrvos opyovrop6g e(vor, lonirdv, 6vog evepyerar6g(Fsrqcrxrl Forrorrl 5>. l-l poolop pdve r p1 p r rr1 evdpye r o pe ev6r d-

l-rsoo rrs rporpig. Aurrlv, rrlv p€rqoxqpcrri(er oe lqprrq evip-ysrq qfiqpoirqrrl yro rrl odvOeoq rcDV oLrororrr<iv rou oc6po-ToS Kqr oe qlerrprr4 evdpyero cvayroio yrCI vd evepyorrorrloe rr-o veuprr6 o6orrlpo Kqr o€ pqXovrrrl evfpyero, fiou rou €fir-'r-p6rrer rqv er<ritreorl pqxovrKod dpyou ;.rdocrl rcov pru6v rou. OHsrooxrlForropr6g rcov rpogc6v oe evdpyero ouvrord qurdrrou lipe evepyenrc6 peropoholt6.

rpfog apvro6 i t.o+opo6lv-Q i 75olorprvd I 1.250

l / \ r llaI rrouAeorr6 | 625: . . - . - ._ l . . . -__-.--- . - - .l r j

i r6vog 1 94OI rdpoupog ; s00

i tIV

H ENE PIEIA AIATHPEITAI KAI YIOBAOMIZ

Page 241: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Oo pnopo6oope vo rro6;,re 6rr o'Hlrog eivor rdrr oqv prlr6po

HoS Kor rrardpa5 po5 po(f. t-t 1o4 trproipXeror qnd rrlv qKrr-vopolio rou'Hfuou, olld ror 6lorqpr:iror ldplg o'ou.rr1v. Frovo prr l r loouF€ yr ' surd ro (qrqpo ; ipe ro(6proore ndtrr r r1ylc6ooo'rr1g evdpyerog.

An6 ro r1fuord qtus fiou oxrrvopoTreiror o.ro 6rdorrlpo ivoetrdlroro rroooor6 -rdrrou prro6 or<l e roropprripro- cprdve r

' o'rqv errrcpdvero rou nlavrlrn fn. To: gurd rpororiv ro dvorrepirrou eroroo'r6 on6 rq orcry6vo txurrl5 rr15 evdpyerqs Kolro Xprlorporrorodv yrq vq rroi{ouv ro p6lo rous oro rrolXvi6rrns (o4S. H evipyero rou'Hhou H€ rrl peootrdpqoq gurrrcOvror (orr<6v rurrdp<ov yiveror n4o4r. ).rr1yvcrlor4 pqS €vspyst-orq 6rdlerro rl oKrrvopdlog evipyero rou'Htrtou prerarpirre-ror o€ evipyero XrlFtK{, q orroio orq ouviXero pnopef vo orrr-Ieu0epcr-rverar errrrpifiovrqs oro 16rrqpo vq qvorrrdooersr

, ror vo noAlorrtrsor6(e"ran, orrg opuySolrig va ovOf(ouv, ortg, rrdorpocp€S vG r<rvodv, qr oto vep6 Kqr orous ovOprirroug vo, <epyd(ovror>.

To rrorXvi6r rr;g (corlg rroi(eror pioo on6 66o enrplqrrrdgrcqr rrotrrjrrloreg 6ro6rrqoieg. H picx yivr:ror p6vo oro gu.rd rortrfyeror g<nroo6v0rcr7. H dllq e pgov((etan 16oo ors gurd6oo rqt oro (c6o ror liyeror avanvorl.

Kqrd rrl qoroo6v0eoq ro <pu.rrrd rfr-ropo <arXprokori-, (ouv> ro qfuor<6 q<rls KCIr ro Xprlorporrorodv ytCI vq prerorpd-

rrouv ro 6ro{ei6ro rou dvOpor<c Ksr ro vep6 oe oqpavrrrd 0pe-1 rrrrrd ouorqrrrd, 6rr<119 eivor r1 ylur6Z,q, cxnopdtrIovrqs rou-

'r51povo rcor o{uy6vo. Me ro plprrd rr6ppotro prrroporj;.re vo; ]pdpoupe:i 6CO, + 6H,O * evipyero -+ C6H120G + 60,

; Kord rrlv ovofivor; 16oo ra cpurrxd 5oo ror ro (crrrxd rrir-T opo npootroppdvouv o(uy6vo Kor ro Xprlotpolrororiv yru vc

j p€TorpdT-ouv ro odrXopo rcrrv rporpc6r,oe evipye ro. Mrropori-I Fs vq ypdqoupre :

-hl

€)

ENEPIE]A AiAII ]PEiTA] KA] YI lOBAOMIZETAI

Page 242: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

C6H,2O6 + 60, -+ 6CO, + 6HrO + €vdl)y€to.

Ta urrorrpolSvro rrls ovqrrvorlg CO, <or O, {ovoyupi(ouvorqv orprd,oqCIrpc yt0 vCI {ovolpqorporrorq0o6v orq qoro-o6v0eoq. O r6rlog rnS (co(S ouveXf(eror orordnouorq.

l-f fpo 6prs ond r-o p6tro nou 6ro6p<xpror((et orov xrjr<Iorns (o4S, o 'Hhog qrrorele i rqv <nqyr1) ro)v rrro orlpovrrrc6vevepyetorccirv Fsrooxrl parropcilv, rrou oup poivouv rrdvor orovnlovrlrrl pog.

f lopdoroo4 rou'Hfuou,n6vto oe trr0dorptoro.

Atirpog 0rlondnnou,A0ivo.

I

o

Fi ENFF'E A A A'HPEI IA KA ...I.BA ,'A ry

Page 243: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Iro rooreprx<i rq5I4q yivowornupqvrxdg ovrr6p<ioergnou ncpdyouv evdpyero

F€puopd3x10"W

l, .t*8S-act\

Ot rupqvrridg ovrr6priorrgnou yivovror orov'Htrroropdlouv rvdpyeroptpuOpr54x10"W.

H 14 6d;1ercr on<i rov'Hfuo evdpycro p r puOpti I x 10'' W,ra 5/8 rqq onoioq, xord dvo peyrilo ptpog, svoKl(ivror ond ro odwegoxcr rou5 orxeovodg.An<i r4v noodrr;rc nou 6rv ovsxldror...

-)c. . .7x10'uW . . .3x101'W . . .2x10"W . . .4x10'oW . . .5x10"W

Orpuoivouv 0cPPoivouv rov TPoK'

to'y4'uo cfpa xar 6r1;rrouploriv rqv ei

d6ogo5. rous uvliFous. roD v

t/To peyatrdrrpo ;rdpog rr15 evfplerc5nou anopporpd ro vep6 ro lcvoppioxoupr h notrordrrpcg poxprvd5 rnoldg q Ta npdorvarcOrirg 64proupyo6vror rc odwrgo, clki unoofv0eoq rov rdro npdontov rpurd xcrcvc.oe xri0e 6rurrprilenro, pe rrg ppo1d5 rpurdrv 6qprodpl4or plo oroOrlxq ltivovrcr yrcnou nd<prouv, cntleu0rpdrvovror 1 0".loules tvdpyercg 5 x lff'loules pr pop<pri r4 6rorpotprinrpinou pe rq poprpli cldrrrooq5 r45 nerprlaiou, rpuorxdv oepiov xul rov (riov xol$wtltxnstuipltro*

\

l. \ dv0poKo. rov avOpti.

\ H ono0qxer;rr'v4 ourrj noorirqro n<r;v npoogd.'Evc g6po5 ourrig x.crovaldvercr pt puOpri 4 x 10" povrc5 drot t'

,q5.ndpy.,og .' w' vdPYeto Pe

1pr1o,1roro,.ito, y,o uo - PuoPti

Topoxeofv3xto,ow . / l \ \ \ 3x1o"w.

u6poqiexrprxris ro16o5. / + >) ->)

nupqvrxdg avrr6pricrr5ncpr iyouv3x10'W 3xl0"wqlexrprx{s,*:".V

,/ I, \qtrrxrpoyqprxri v

o'.Ifiilours >)

10" W yp4orpo.nororiwur yrc voTapoXooiv3x10"Wqlerrprxrlgrq16o5.

rnrxorvrrlvie5 p411cvrr<rjroXfS

10" W yprgorpo.norodvrcr mougKrvnrqp€srorioeog.To 3/4 cur'{g r45rvdplerag ldvo-vTurpt 14 pop,pri0eppdrqrrrgxor )\ry<irepoand3xl( l "WF€T(Iap0Tr)vToroc orpdhp qpqlcvrxri ropi.

)-tA

E-'2uq6e

3x10"WxP4orForor.odvrcr yo rr;odpFdvon,oo ictgrToo0rqr€S,

Yro orKr(IK4lprioq xor rqpropqlluvio

10" w

xp4olForor-o6vrar yro rqvncpoyroytimtrumrxdrvrar tillovlqprrtirvnpoirivrov.

IoXUS g<rr5

H ENEPTE A AIAI HPE]IA (AJ YNOBAOM ZETA

"ffi- € q,e,Jt&

I

Page 244: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

(Av oe <dnoro np6plqpa Xperoorefre ropirpo rr15 popurrrrlg enrrdXuvorlg vc ro0eorpqoere lvorord rcr ioo pe 10 m/s,. TrSe 16rr<65 0epp6rr1re5 nou 0o Xperoore ire vorr5 ovo(qrr1o€rr orous oXertro65 nivore5rou prpliou).

5.1. To npcbro 0eppdperpo rorooreud-orrlr<e orrd rov lo]rloio. l-lou poor(drov 4le rroupyic rou; Tr Xpero(drov vo €firvol.l-0e f or<dpo yro vq 6qproupyrlOef ro Oeppd-p€rpo;

5.2. l - loro qrov 11 oplrr<r1 npdroorl rouKeloiou yrq pro 0epporpooror4 rliporo;flora np6rooq ere rpdrqoe evvrd Xpdvroopy6repo;

5.3. f rcrf Xprlorponor€fror u6pdpyupo5yrq rrlv rcrooreurl Oeppopdrpov;

5.4. H ro6rqro rcov Oeppoxpoorcirv 66ootrlpdrolv pnopef vq 6rcrrrortrl0e f pe ivo0eppdperpo. Ie rroro nopo6o1rl pooi(erorq brorriorcoo4 ourq;

5.5. floro e ivor 11 oXioq r<rlv ev6ei{eov rarv0eppror<pcororalv xh pdr<rlv Keloiou rorKelvin; florq eivqr n crxion rcrrv Oep;ror<po-orqrc6v peropol<irv;

5.6. fioro eivor q orrio rqg po4g 0epprdr4-rog; floro e ivor 4 xo're60uvoq rrls pois;

5.7. l-k6g 6rorunc6veror o 0epelrot6qg vd-poS rrlS 0e ppr6operpio5;

5.8. To vepd e ;rcpovi(e r pro ond l5 peyofui-

repe5 rrpig er6rrr(5 Oep;.rtlrr1rag ovdpeoaoro 6rdgopo ulrrd. llors eivar 11 ouvineroouroO rou yryrtv6ros yto rr1 (or1 orovnlcv4rrl;

5.9. Ti oqpoivouv ol 6por o) Kavovrl<6-oq-peio ppoo'pod B) 0eppdrqra e{odpcuoq5 y)xovovrxd orlpe fc rr1{r1g 6) 0epp6rqro rrl-€qs.5.10. An6 rr e{oprdror r) ro orlpe io ppa-o1.tod rr) ro oqpe iir r4€nS;

5.1 1. l-le pryp<ir.,t-rrr: rpio gcrvd;.revo rord rqonoio fvo oropo Oeppoiverol 4rtpig cnop-pdgnon 0eppdr4 ro5.

5.1 2. fioro e ivcr ro rorvd ororXeio ovdpeooorrg iwoleg ipyo ror Oeppdrrlro; Ie rr 6ra-<pipouv;

5.1 3. Nq neptypriq,rerr ouvorrrrxd c) no5o roritrq{e o Mayer orqv op1r1 6rcrr1pr1-orls rns evdpyero,; p) nog rorilq{e o Jouleorrlv i6ro cpXr;.

5.14. H e{iocoorl AE : Q * W ovogiperororov npc6ro v<ipc r4g 0ep;ro6uvo;rrr4g. Trnoprordver rdOe orjppolo;

5.15. fkirg opi(elar q eooreprrq evripyeroev65 oroporo5 a'nd rq oronrd rou prr<pti-KOOFOU;

5.16. f lorq e ivor q o1ior1 rqg 0epporpo-ofog ev<ig r6cvr1116 oepiou 1rs rlv rivqoqrcov ;.ropfcov rou;

5.17,Tt liyeror rtiqvlrd odpto and rrl oKo-rrrd rou prr<pdroopou;

5.18. flo6 pooi(r,rcr 11 0eppo6uvoprrcrl 6-rcrv ulToorl p((et 6rt ipyo 100 r(doutr ei-vor nolurrpdre 1to al6 Oeppdrqro . l00

r(rioul;

5.19. Ynd rroro dvvoro 0rpprdrr l ra 100

-e

F'] ENEPi'EiA A ATFIPEITA KAl YTIOBAOM ZETA

Page 245: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

r(doul peroprBo(r5pevq un6 opropivr lOtpporpooio eivor nolurrpdrepq ond Oep-pdrrlrc 100 r(doul q onoic peroBrBd(e-ror und Xopqtr6rep4 0epporpcoio;

5.20. fleprypdqre 6rio <porvdpeva rdrorc<rrore oro ivq qnd ourd pro roo6rqropqXovrrrl5 evfpyerog unopoOpf(eror oe (e-ocoreprxq) 0epprrrl evipyero ror oro dllopro noo6rqro (eoorreprrrls) lqprrqg evip-y€ros vo unopoOpf(eror o€ (eo<ore prrq)0epprrq evdpye ro;

5.21 . Ka0o5 ivc plqpro evo<pqv<.rrveror oexdnoro rorXcopo q pqlovrxrl rou rvipyerorrnopaO;.ri(eror. Tr ouppoiver qrrd rn oKo-nrd rou ;rrrp6roopou;

5.22.Tr orprp<iq atrld(e r, o116 rr1 oronrdtou prorpdr<ooprou r<c0r65 prro rroodr4ro t-vdpyero5 unopcOpf(erar; Tr otrld(e r andrr1 oronrd rou prrpdroopou;

Nc cvcptoo1So0pe...

5.23. Io5 4qrodpe vo pdlere ro nopord-rcu yeyovdro oe Xpovoloyrrrl oerpd.o) O Avrep5 Kiloroug nportiver rrlv €Ko-rovropd0pro rlfporo 0epporpoorcov.p) O fchloiog rarooreud(e r ro nprL5ro0e pprooronro.y) O trdp6oq Kilprv nporeiver rqv on6lu-rq xlfpoxo Oepporpoorcrlv.6) O Oopevdrr Xpnorponore f u6pdpyupoyr0 rrlv roroor<euq Oeppo;rirpou.

5.24.'Eva 0ep;rdperpo 6e ilve r 27" Ca) 27' C e ivor 11 Oeppoxpooio rou

P\ 27" C e ivor q 0e pporpcoic rou otopo-ros ps ro onofo ppforeror oe 0ep;rrr( r-oopponio

]) iXe r prrpcire pr1 Oeppor<pooio snd dvoo<opo Oeppor<pooia5 200 KMe rroro arrci ourd 6rarpcoveire ;

5.25. No oupntrrlpoioere ro revd rou K€r-pdvou enrtrdyovrog orrd ro e{r15:. EIAIKH OEPMO THTA . OEPMOTHTA . 41860.I . J K8.'Kr Jkg- ' r 4186J o otP,\4oxoPHTlKorHTA.4586JK'o 45860lK' I OI:PMOKPAIIA o JK' r 4586J

H .. . . , , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . evdg 6oXefou t ivsr 400To 6oXeio neprfXe r veprl rou onoiou

q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r ivor 4186.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H pd(orou vepo6 eivor 1 kg. H 0eppoXcr-rpqrtrdrrlro rououorrlporoq eilqr ....................,........ lo vc oulq0efr l , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rou ouorqporo5 rord 1'Crpdnrr vo onorporpr]otr ............ i-ol p€ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.26. Ie 1 kg vepod peroprpd(eror 0eppd-rqra 4186 ri,doutr r<ar q Oep;ror<pooio rouvepo6 ou{dvr:r rord 1 K. H nieorl eivor iorlpe pro orp6ogorpo. Tt crrr6 ro rropordro,l6ev e ivor buvrxrdv vo ouppofver;H oplrrrl 0r6rpor<pcofa rou vepod pnopefva rlrovo) 0" C p) 101"C y) 20" C

5,27. Bpioxrre 6rr o rocpdg oc5 e ivqr nold(torogyrc v(( rov rrre ire . AroOirere rrcryd-rro orrd ro qruye io. fro vo rpuoloa o Ko-gdg rr 0o rlrrrv xolUrepo, vo npooOioereivo rraydrr q vep<i ond ro ncrydr<r;

5.28. No oupnlqpcooere ro revd rou Ka-pivou enrliyr)vrog cfid ra e{qg:. OEPMOKPAIIA . VYXOI . OEPMOTHTAI. AY:HIH . IH:HI. BPA:MOYH onoppdrpr lon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ond dvaorepe6 ooipa pnopei vo nporotr ioer

rr ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mnopei 6-

Ftrls vo prlv rrporotrdoer riroro peropotrrlecpdoov ro oreped oc6;ro ppfox€ror orrl0e p;ror<pooic

I

e

ENEPIE A AAfIP! -A KA YIOBAOI'/r ZETA

Page 246: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

5.29. Me noro crr6 ru nopordro oupgto-ve ire;c) H 0ip;rcrvoq evdg ocrrporog ;rnope f voyiver ;.rdvo ;re onoppdqqoq 0tppr6rqrogp) H Oep;rdrrlra e ivor peroprpo(dpevrl e-vfpye ray) H cnopp6rprlorl Oeppdrqros qnd 6vooor;-ru iXe r ndvrore tog onorileopo rnvoL1{qoq rrlg Oeppor<pooiu5 rou.6) H 0eppdrrlro rvdq ori;.rorog pnoprf voou{q0efe ) H 0dppovoq ev65 orrrporog pnopei voyiver ror ;t ipyoor) H 0eppdrqro peroprpd(eror ou0dpprrl-ro qnd ivo oo3;ro npog ivcr irllo rou o-noiou q 0e ppor<pooicx e ivor ;rrxp6re p11() To fpyo r<or 11 0epprirrlro iXouv rqv i6ropovd6o perprloeco5.

5.30. Eivor ocrrord vo lipe drr ro Joule ei-vor o) povd6o Orppdrlros P) povd6o r-oXrjo5 y) povd6cr evipye ro5 6) ;rovd6o Oep-HoKp0oiqS.

5.31. I ' qur6vrov r ivoro, olorypdqosM.C.Escher 6ef-xv€r v0 quqr-opqre f rq 6ro-r4pnon rnS s-vepyero5; Arror-otroyr lore rr lvcrrovrqoq oo5.

5.32. H opx{ rns 6rorr1pqor1q rrlg evipye r-oS HoS 6rope porcove r 6rr e ivor pdroro vogrdXvoupe yrct Uro t l1xcrv4 nou 0o pognpoocpipe r evdpye ro neproodrrprl on<i qu-rrlv nou rr15 npoocpfpoup€. Ynrlp{ov pd-poro notrlof dvOpornor rrou e ire opopori-orlKov eire xor bor<ipooov vci rqroorceud-oouv Hrq r f rorq pr11ov11, ro oe rr ivqronpolrou e i6ouq 6nroq }dyeror. Mrq qn6

rrg npoonc0€r€S rcr.lv r<uvrlyrrrv rqg oevoqgr<ivr1oq5 eivsr r<or 11 6rdrolq rou o;r1porog.O peydlo5 ;royvqrrlg A ih<ovro5 rq or6e -pdvro prrifuo, rqv ovepd(er oro xe rhprivotnine6o. H ;rnfi o grdvtr orqv rp6no rorprioo orr'ourqv nigrer oro dloopo, KU-trder, pyaiver qnri ro dvorypo rar 11 rivrloqouveXf(eror q6rdKono. H orillrlqq rpoive-ror loyrxq. Mnolre ire vo rre ire yrori dprcog6ev npcrypororrc,r€ ir0r ;

5.33. Yrrdplouv npdruno yrcr ro Xpdvo,ro pry<o5 xor rq ;"rd(cr. fro rrlv evipyero 6eviXoupe ovdyr<q ond np6runo. f lop6loourd, og unoedooupe drr rdrtorog oos h-rde r vcx lrpooqdl)€r€ evdpyero ev65 Joule.tleprypdqre ncrr,;0o pnopor-ioore vo ro-vere rdrr rdroro.

5.34. Kord rq [ , rdpre ro , lS. , .oupnieorlg rdrtc,rou r6ovrr<o0 ioepiou q eocoreprr<r1 tou evdp- ' 'ye rcx brorqpeiror rro0ep4 evotoro odpro pe rol3rpd(ercxr e-vipyero crr5 dpyo .10 J.Me rroto orro rct rrcrpor<rir<rrolrpcprove ire ;o) To odpro perorprpd(e r Oep- Iprdrqro oro neprl3dltrov rou i- lo4pe20J. ,p) H 0eppoxpqoirr rou oepfoupeyotrc6ver ouveXri5.y) To ipyo rou ocSporog pe'rcrpritrleror.

5.35. Yrro0drou;.re 6r os prq'ne rpoporrrq

u\

I

L!

()

4,

1,(

Page 247: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

6ro6rr<croio Hr rn ouoKsurl rou Joule rorrirqv nrc6orl rov popr6uriv rl6uvoprr<( evip-y€ro rou ouorqporo5 popi6ro-fq elorrr6-veror rord 3 J.florrg ond rrq rropaxdr<rl 6roruncitoe 15 0e-opeire ooto^r€g;o) Iro nrlp6yrc ;reroprpd(eror evipyeropr Hopgr1 dpyou 3 J.p) To ipyo rov nrepuyicov preydloroe r<urd3).y) H eocoreprr<r1 0epprrrl evdpye ro rou vr-pod qu€dve r r<ord 3 J.

5.36. floro o<'tpo ror61e r preyotrrjrepo no-od Oepprrr15 evipye rog, ivo noydpouvo 11ivc cptrrr(dvr pe (eor<i rocpi; Arrorotroyr]-or€ rqv onovrqoq.

5.37. Mro poOrlrpra oqxcrtve r qqtrd ro Xd-pro rqs ru dorepo ra [ovogipv€r orrlv op-Xrrq rou5 0ior1.o) H oplr<q prllovrr<r1 evipyero rrlg pa0r1-rprog e ivor iorl ;re rqv refu<q.p) H Oeppdrqro rrls pa0qrpro5 peydltrroe .y) Mra noodrqro evdpyera5 unoprpdorrl-Kt.

6) Mrq noodrqro (eoorreprrqg) lqprr<q5 e-vdpyero5 ;.rererpdnrl oe (eooreprrq) Oeppr-rrl evipyero.floro arrd rr5 rroporrdv<o 6rsr-urroioerq 6ev0e<rlpeire oomi5;

5.38. Ko0c6g roryeror dvo 6iv6poq) Mrq noodrq'ro evipyerog unopoOpi(e-TqI

9) Mro noodrqro XlUrK{S evipye ro5 peru-rpineror oe Oepprr<4 evfpyeroy) H evroorrio elorrr6veror6) Mrq opro;r ivr1 6rdro{q cxrdpcov pero-Bdlleror.Me -noro qrrd qurd oup<p<.uve ire ;

5.39. No enrtrd€ere an6 rrg nopcrdrco li-[e r5 q rppdoas Ksr vo oupntrqpciroere rorevd:. YNOBAOMIZETAI. METMONEI . ANHOO-

-

-ENEPIE A A ATIIPE.-A KA YI]OBAOM ZETA

PIZEIIE . MIKPOKOIMOY . KINHTIKH ENEP-IEIA . KATHOOPIZEI ANO . ENTPONIA .AY:ANETAI . OEPMOTHTA. ENTPOIIAKo0rrr5 dvc5 PpoXoS ... .., pro pouvonlo-yrd 11 6uvcprr<( evdpyero rou ouorqporoS ppaXoS-f4 6roprcirq e),crroveror, q pqXovrxrl evdpye ra

..... I €oorsprKrl 0epprrrl evdplero.. . . . . Kor . . . . . . . . , , . ou€civtror.

And rr1 oronr({ rou .............,. I opyovo-pivq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prrorpdrr€rcl or rrvr l rrr<r1 e-vipyera ovopy(ffcDrrl Kor 1 clro[io

5.40. H evipyero nou cyopd(oups yro roocilpro pog, yto ro orrirr po5, yto ro ouro-xtvq16 pog 11 ro pr lXovdxr ;1o5, e ivor <u-picog evfpye ro e ire 1qprrr'1 eire qlerrprrcq.fleprypdqre n,5oe5 qopis rqr xdr<ll ondrrore5 pop<pd; <cryopdoore> evipyero rordrr1 6rdprero lrrog qpdpog. Mnopeire vG ou-yxpivere rqr o{ia evdg Joule nou oyopd-(oupre ond rl AEH r<or ev6gJoule nou cryo-pd(oupe org pev(ivq qn6 ro nporqpro; H0ep;.rovrrr( rrovdrrlro rrlg pev(ivqg eivor30.300 kt/ | .

i l t ,(onAoY BCYAA trJarf l .ErPrrrr loy 5t \E176 75 XAA/Ie€AA.o h. 517:345t

ro:er@

o1to2/91 06/O6t9a 11 500ENAEI:FrI v{ i ,s @rwF l ! ,s

l0 0l l7a? o!51 t t 5?5 I

-ffinartA xPEoIt{ 609

o.x, ! APx/nx062l x 20'16. 12.9!5

f tEloi l l : IA PEtf tAtOt ENAi l I t AFX - t .5!4nolo ITPOrr. |IFoilroyttEiloy Aor/tioy -2ITPo|TYAOIOII{ I IJ nAHpOrEoy noloY 20

5.41 . l-1e prypril,Urr rrq evepye rorig pe rclpo-lig nou nopouord(ovrqt o€ xq0ivq o116ro rroporor<rr yeyov6ra.c) 'Evog odr<og ge d;r;ro rpepoopivog peoxorvi on6 rrl rla6f ev65 6dv6pou, rivor o-<fvqro5. Ie rdnorc orrypq ivo plrlpcx <i-rrlou evorpqvorverqr oro €oortprK6 rou rro odrcrog apl1f(e r vc rolovre6eror.p) To vepd tr '6veror p€ opp11 rrdvor oro

Page 248: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

nr€pdyro rou u6pompoBilou. Aur6g ouv-6ieror pre qlerrprrrl yevv4rpro, 11 onoiorpogo6orei rlkrrprxodg lopnrrlpe5 nu-pcxrooeoS.y) H (orl ndvo orq fr1 6rorrlpe iror Xdpqorrs rTUprlvrK65 crvrr6pdo€rS rrou yivovrororov'Htrro.6) 'Yorepa an6 ivo rold yedpru, 6rio gilornoi(ouv ;.rc nopri6o'rTrvyK-fi o\yK.

5.42. Kcprd dllrl dworo rrlg <puorrrl5 6ev d-

Xer rdoo peyd\ oXioq pre rqv orrovopio 6oo11 evipye rcx. Elqyrlore rqv noporcdro r6do:Oo pnopotioop€ vo dXoupe org povd6o e-vdpye ro5 cvr i yra ro fvo r(doul 14 ;r fo6poxpn.5.a3. E{qyrlore rr1 6rcr6ncoorl: Io hovrd,ptrp(.Eeru and ro Euq roo r1Arou.

[c lt0ooupe npop]rilpctc

5.44.H 0eppor<pooio evdg pcrOqr4 eivqr 310K. fl6oo Srrlver ro 0epp6perpo; f16or1 eivorq Oepporpooio rou aipo (oe K) 6rov ro Oep-;r6;rerpo 6e ilver 6 po0potig rdror ond,ro ;rr1-6dv; Kord n6oo (oe K) Herqpdlleror q Oep-

;ror<poo(o rou veporj ov 0e p;rovOci s'tTo22" Coe 40'C;

5.45. To nclr6f iXe r (rplovrorvvrd ror fvo>nuperd. f ro vq nioer o nuperdg ro pd-(oupe orq pnovrdpo pe r<p6o vepd. fldoq0epp6rqro npiner vc onopdller ro oroporou c6o're 11 Oepporpooic rou vo rorriperorou5 37"C; H prd(o rou t ivcr 30 kg. f rcrrr lv e r6rrcq 0e pp5rqro rou ovOprr inrvouoriprorog, ovorpri{re oro oXerrrd nivqrq.

5.46. fl6oo r(aotit 0epp6r4ro5 rrpiner voperoprpdooupe o' ivo ovrrr<e fpe vo 200ypoppopicr;v yro vo ou{r1Oe f q 0e ppor<po-oio rou and 25"C or 40"C ov ro ovrrrei-uevo eivor:c) ond rorpivro F) ond oi6rlpo y) ond pr6-lup6oAvo(qrrlme rr5 e 16rrdg 0epp6rrlre5 rtllv u-furr6v on6 rov cjlerrr6 nivqKo.

5.47. M(,os o' dv,: Oeppr6Sperpo olou;rrviou, ;rd(o5 B0 g, 'neprdXovrar 200 g vepo620'C. Irrl ouvilrrro puOi(ovror 80 g o1611-pou 50"C ror 10[rg 1atrro6 70"C. floro Ocxeivor 11 Oepporprroio roopponio5; Bpe ire'rr5 e r6rrig Oeppd- 4reg rov perdMorv androus crxsrKofg nivorce5.

F.] ENEPTE A A ATF]PE TA KA YNOBAOM ZE IA

mz= 20( g

or0ov6,\r1ml=2009dr = 15,0 "C

I

t !

e

Page 249: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

5.48. Iro ox{po ncprordveror prro 6ro6r-r<ooio yrcx rr1 ;rdrprlorl rrlg er6rr<q5 Oepp<irq-ros rns or0ov6lr1g. Arorunc6ore ro npd-ptrqpo r<or unoloyiore rrlv er6rr<r1 0rppr6rq-r0 rns or0av6lqg.

5.49. Mdoo o'ivo 0epprEd'perpo Oep;ro1or-prlrrr<drrlrag k = 100 JK' ne priXovrar 300 gvepoJ oe 20' C. Bu0f(o;re oro ve pd dvoxo;-r;rdrr prirotrlo pa(ag34,7 g r<or 0eppo-rpooicx5 100' C, rou orroiou Oitroupe vo u-noloyiooupre rq Oeppolcopqrrxdrqro k'. H0e pporpoofo roopponio5 e ivor 21 ,8"C.florq 0o e ivor q rrpq k';

5.50. Ynoloyiore rqv rehr<q 0e pporpcoioevdg oc6;rorog 500 ypoprpapic,rv ov o-rTop-pocprloer Oep;rdrqro 3000 J, erp6oov o) e ivar

ldtrrrvo p) e ivar ndyog 0ep;.ror<pooic5 0"Cy) €rvqr noodrrlro vrpod Oeppoxpooiog 99'C 6) eivqr noo6rrlro vepoti Oeppoxpooiog20'c.

5.51 . 'Evo noydrcr 20 ypo;rpopicov enrnlieroe 100 ypoppdpro ve po6. Iro oLlorq;.ro ;re -roprpd(eror 0epp6rqro. l-lorq 0o eivor q re-trrrcr1 Oep;ror<pqoiq rou ouorrlprorog qv rl p€-roprpo(dpevq Otppdrqro eivor o) 6000 J p)1 0000 J;

5.52.'Evq o<rlpo ppiorc€ror oro rqvovrx6orlpe io rq{qg rcor onopporpd 2000 J. llorortoodrqro 0q roxei ov ro GvrrKripevo ef-vqr ivo xoprpdrr o) Xofu<od p) pohjp6ou y)ndyou; Ava(qrrlore rqv rrp4 rq5 Oeppd-rqrog rq{r1g rcd0e u}rroti oro prplio.

5.53. I - l (po;re ro 6oXe io rou Orppr6opd-rpou, ro (uyioope d6ero xor ppqxope 6rr q;rd(n rou eivor m : 1,1 kg. Bdlc;re ;rdoooro 6o1eio dvo ropprd'rr ndyou Oep;ror<po-oiog 0" C, r<or rono0erqoope ro oriorqprondvo oe nqyq oro0epq5 0epprrqg nopo-

X(S. M' dvo Xpovdprerpo ncporrlp(oope d-rr os Xpdvo tr =200s erle trrcooe r dlo5 o nci-yog, evcir oro un6trorrro 6min (t, = 3UOt, nOeppor<pcoio rou vepod erXe cp0doer roug

60'C. H pdi,o rou ndyou r<or rou vepodnou npoiru'.ps 4rov mr : 90 g. H e 161111Oeppr6rrlro'rou ufu<o6 T ou Soleiou 4rovc, : 460 J/kgK.Iog (rlroriprr vo uroloyioere rq 0eppdrrl-ro rq(qg rotr ndyou.

5.54. O Joule e r1e r i roro (( lo yro rqv d-pe uvo rrrore or<dpo Kqr oro yopqfuo ro{i6rrou ornv Etrf]erio e rXe ndper po(f rou 6vc0epp6perpo.

O tr6p6o5 Kelvin 6rqye iror drr xcrd r116rdprero qurcrrv r<lv 6rqrcorrc6v, rov pprlrevo pe ' rpde r rq 0e ppo<pooio ' rou ve poriorlv Kopuqrl xor orq pdoq evd5 ;reydlour<oroppdr<rr1 perd rqv npSor<pouorl rouoro i6a<pog. Iog (qroLi;re vo unotroyioerer11 0e ppor<pcrororcrl 6rorpopd Trou rTopou-oio(e ro vepd 0eorpc6vro5 drr o roroppd-rrqg e rye 6qrg 50 pirpcov.(Iqpe frrloq: Orov q eocoreprrq evdpye roperopdllerrxr un6 oroOepd 6yxo ror ou-{dver 11 Oep;rorpooio rou oc6pcrr-oS, 11 o6-€non tnS eo:lreprrrlg evdpyera5 e ivor ioqpe rq Oeppdrnro nou Ocx dnperre vo o-noppocprloet ro o<rlpo orore vq rropouord-osr rrlv i6ro cr6{r1oq rqg 0eppor<paoiog).

5.55. 'Evo popd pdroolo pd(og 700 ypop-

;ropicov ogqvelor on6 6qo5 2 St(tpuov, n€-T

h

e

H ENEPTEIA A ATT]PE TAI KAL YTIOBAOMIZETA

Page 250: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

qr€r ornv dppo xor arrvrlrorroreiror. Kordndoo ou{dv€ror n socoreprrq Oep;rrrrl r-vipye ro rou ouorq;roro5;

5.56. Kord 14 oupnieoq evd5 r6ovrxo6 ae-piou peroprpd(eror o'our6 evipyerc und

Hopq{ dpyou 600 J ror ro odpro onoSf6erOeppdrqro 350 J. No unoloyfotre rq pe-roBolrl rrls €oorsprKqg 0epprr<qg l,ipye r-0S rou oepfou.

5.57. Kord rq 0ippovorl ev65 r6ovrro6 or-piou un6 oraOepr1 nitoq - pioo oe 6oXeiope i ; rpolo - preroprpd(eror 0e ppdrqro500 J, q e o<ore prxq evfpye ro rou oe piouou{dveror xord 300 J evri ro oipro oore ioro ippotro oro0rprl 66vo;rq 2000 N. Ko-rd n6oo preroroni(eror ro 6;rpolo;

5.58. Orov 11 6rurporprl ev6g av0pc6nourou npoo6i6e r trryd'repq evfpyero qnd ou-rrl nou xqrqvqld)ver, o opyqvrop65 npo-oge rjye r oro onoOi;rqro KurrqprroJ lf-nou5. H rorjoq evdg ypappopiou linou5ono6i6e r 9,5 peydleq 0eppi6eg (9.500 cal r140.000 nepinou Joule).Ag uro0iooupre 6rr pe ivo rovovrr<d 6rqr-rold'yro 4.000 peydlorv 0ep;.ri6cov rqv qpi-po, ro pdpoq oog nopoprdver oro0ep6. Avelorruroere ro cpayqrd coore vo rtoipvere3.000 peydtreg 0eppi6e5 rrlv qpipo, 6ro'rq-poivrog rqv i6ro 6poorqpr6rrlro, oe ndoo

Xpdvo 0o Xdoere 2 xrtrd;

5.59. fro vo ncpdyoupe ivo r6vo xolo-prn6rrXperd(ercr: o) Evipyerc Er = 10nJyro rnv nopayoy4 xor rr1 lerroupyio rrrlvye<rrpyrr<<6v pqXovrov. p) Evipye ra Ez : 5 .

10'0 J yro ropuyoyrl Kor H€rqqopd trrno-opdrcov ro0o5 Kor yrq rr1 ouyropr6rl xorperocpopd rou npoi6vros orov Kqrovo-trorq y) Evipyero Ez = 2 .10'1 J rrlv onoionoipve r ro gur6 un6 ;roprprl qfuorrlg orrr-vopotriog. 'Evo rordnoulo, ond rr1 yiwrl-or1 rou pilpr vo yive r 1 kg, 6Xer rorovolor-oer 5 kg rotropn6rr. Ynoloyiore ro €vsp-

ytrord' <xdorog>r rrou iXcr enrv6u0e i i) oe100 g r<ordnoulo ii) oc 100 g roloprndrr,roipvov,cg un6qr1 o) pdvo rr5 ovovec6or-pss uopgis evfprye ro5 p) dleg rr5 popgigevdpyercg. E{qyrlore yrori or orr<oldyor 0e-olpoUv nopdlol,rl rqv urrspKorovdlo:or1rpdoro5 orr5 ntroJores Xopss.

5.60. 'Evo ;rrxpd :urorivrlro pd(og 750 kgxoisr 1 lirpo per(ivr1 oro 14 km, 6rov xr-vtfror os opr(6vlro 6pdpo pe oro0eprl ro-

Xdrrlro 65 km/h. Mro or6pq 6orrpq 66er{e6rr, drcv pdloupe <ve rp6l, ro curor<ivrlroenrppa66verqr rxn6 80 km/h cre 50 km/hpioo oe 15 6eu're p6lenro. Ynotroyiorerrlv or<pdlrpq ro;J6 r<or rrlv ond6oorl rouourorrvrl'rou. H €teppovrrr<q rrov6r4ra rrlgpev(ivr1g e ivor 3,C8 '10' ) l l .

I

h

e

H ENEF IEIA AIATI ]PEITAI KAI YNOBAOMIZETAI

Page 251: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

-t!

o

Anoonoouo ono ro BrBtric,-Trt

to xpovtKo u xpovourou Stephen W Houking

H ouynepryopd rou eppa6o6 yn'q Faipqc, rpinac,06prie noAti rq ooynepryopd ev6q

Euotxot ptyi.1ouq nou ovopd(erat evrponia' 11 evrponfu ei,tst ro lttrpo rou pa0po6 ara-€iuc, nou undpXu ot tva Euotxd o,jorrlya. Eilvdr oE 6Aouq pa; yvwor6, an6 rqv tca1rlptpwqpa; <u4, hr r7 ara{t'a reiver va pryaAbou av agqooupe ra rpaypsra va e{eAry1oiv andp6va rooq. (Apxti vct orctparrlooult€. vd rdKronototjpe ro otrirt xcu va ern\topAdtvoup€ roauroxivqro xat roAtj olvropu 0s ro 6nmonboouye). Mnopt.i xavtiq va \qytoupyqoet ratrl6nou npu unr1pyt ara{ia, aAAd aur6 cnantivc xaravaAwgei rpoond1en q evQyen' (.-rot 6ptnq pxpaivu ro 6.rc;0(.otyo roo6 rr19 u(.pyengyn Dr1pnupyiaru€qq.

Mn axp$qc 6nr6rrworl aurry rr1s 6(.a9 nryEytrst orov \ujrtpo v6yo rrlC 0tppo6uva-pxr1C. O v61toc, aurdg avaE(pu 6n 11 evrporia ev6q anopovusttvou Euorcoi ouorqparoc,peyaA<ixet rdvrore, Ku Trtu:,S 6rav oov6t0otiv yera€,6 roug 6uo ouorqpara q urponia rouewaiou rcfurcoi ouorqparoc, {var ytyafujrt.pq an6 ro 60porcua q9 evrponiac,rwv 6uo ap-ytx<bv ouorqpdruv. Ac, rdpoultt yn napd\erypa ro Euorc1 o1orqpc roo srroreAeirat arrdra p6pn udc, aepiou neptoptolttvou oe tva 6oytio. Mnopeiv,a 1ewpq1ei 6n aut'd ra p6pnouyneprytpovrar 6ruc, luxp(.9 eAaonxi.c, ogaipec, nou ouyxpo1ovrar ouveytitS yera€,6rouc, KaJ pe ra rotyultsrs rou Soyeiou.'Ooo yqaA1reprl titat q )tplLoxpaofu rou aepbo16oo ray1repa rcvoivru ra pdpft rou, Kc,t ye 16oo SteyaAirepq ouXv6rqra xat oppq oo-yxpoiovrat pt ra roryritpsrs rou \oyeiou -xan 16oo pqaAirspr1rftoq aoxorjv ndvw rooc,.Aq uno)tooulte 6n orqv apyrl tva \dEpayya ntptopi(et 6Act ra pdpn p6vo orov yto6 Xris-po roo 6oyeiou, ornv spurepr1rou nAeopd. Av orry ouvtyetct avoifoultt aur6 ro 6dEpay-pq rd y6pn, rou tyouv rqv rdorl va e{arAtixov'rd, 0d xoraAdpouv oA6rcAqpo ro ytbporou 6oXeiou, Ku rqv aprcrepq xar rr1 6efid rou nAeupd. Ie x<inon ypowxrl orryyq tivst 6u-var6v va ppe1otjv 6Aa q oro aprcrtp6 1trc6 q oro 6e€16 yrc6 rou yrltpou rou 6oXeiou, aAAdeivat ouvrpmnrc*, reprco6r€.psc, ot nfiav6rqreq va ondpyu tooc, ntpinou apfip6q popiu:vKat onc,66o rAeuptc,. Aurq 11 xardoraor1 eivat pn xardoraol Aryfrepqc rc'eqq, 4 reprcol-reprlc, ara{iac,, an6 rqv apyxq (nprv avoifoulte ro 6dgpayp,t), 6nou 6Aq ra p6pn ppioxo-vrdv orrlv aptorepq rrAeupa rou 6oXeiou. Atpe Aonr6v 6n r7 e 'trponia rou aepiou (yu peya-Atboet. Ilap6pon ntpinrtuorl tyouste 6rav orqv apyrl 6n0troupe 66o ioyeia rou ro ivsneptyet p6pn o{uy6vou Kst ro dAAo p6pru akbrou. Av rono}err1ooulr€ rd 6oo ioyeia oe e-nagry xat anopaxpivoulJ€ ra u\dpua roty<ltpara, ra y6pn roo ofuy1vou xat ra p6pnrou c(ti:rou 0a cpyioouv va cvaltuyv1ovrar. Ze t<anon ypov,xq orrypq ro nficvdrtpo eivur6n 0a undpyet tva apxerd opoyev(.g pEryps popi<tsv o{uy6vc'u xan a(rbrou Kol orc 6tjo 6o-yefu. Aorrl q xardoraorl0ayapaxrqp((trat an6 Ary6repq rdiiq, xat trot peyaAfrtprl €vrpo-ric, ard rqv apyxq xardoraoq rwv 66o \nywpolttvwv 6o1eiwu

F'] ENEPIEIA AIATHPEITAi KAI YTIOBAOMIZETAI

Page 252: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

#K#

A'pdpog

o O pu0pds peropotrrl5 rrlg ruXrirqro5 o ltpooeyyi(ovrc5 ro vtiporr15 etre60epqg nrciroqg o Opr(6vrrq polrl (O r<dopog rqg npdlqgKot rov rrpooe'y"yioe<ov) . O 0epefuco6q5 v6;rog rqg 6uvoprrrl5 I -l-p;-

9n . Keutpopdlog 66vopn o H 6rqr4pqon rns opp{S . H pqlmrrrlevipyero elorrc6verqr o Oepp6rrlro ror 0epporpcoia.

Page 253: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rn rqxurnras

ft,ot( xrivoupe autri tqv rioxqorl

H dorqoq ourrl yiverqr yro vo e {or<ercoOoripre pe perp(oe rgto1utrlrcov Kor €firrcX6voecov Kor yrrf vG Korovorlooupe rr o-rpr pcirg oqpoiver ora)eprT enndyuvon.H pi0o6o5 our( 0o Xprlorporrorq0e i ror rord'rr1 petrirrl rou6erjrepou v€uro)vrKof v6prou rrlg r<ivr1oqg.

Tl lgerriferct vo fdgoupe

o) Kord rr lv rr€rpoprorrrcq ;reldrq pr<x5 e u06ypoppns rivqoqgto n6oo yeraruve|rcrr ivq ovrrre fprevo os opropdvrl lpovrrcq6rdpr<ero (povd6o 1p6vou) orroretrei rrporrrrd ivc ;rirpo rq5rolirrlrdg rou, aprcei q Xpovrrrl ourrl 6rdpx€ro vo eivor prrpqoe o1ior1 p€ rrlv roX6rqro rr15 ov0pcSnrvrls ovriXqtprlg.

p) Orav o€ pro euOriypapprl rivrlorl q toX6rqro ou{dverorpe o'ra0ep6 puOpd-oe iooug 6qtro6q, Xp6vou5 trCIporrlpofvrqrioeg peropoldg-ldpe 6'rr q errrrdxuv(rrl e(vqr orqOepq. H rrprlTrlS Frrop€i vo urrotroyroref ov 6rorpr:oouys Hro orroro6qrroreotilqorl taXdrq'rog F€ rov Xp6vo orov orroio rroparqprlOqre .

Tl u?vrxri 0c lger,aotorip,s

Oo 1pe rooroJpre rpar€(r, rl le r<rprrd, Xpovop€rprlr4 F€XqprorCIrvio, fvo opo{i6ro epyoorqpiou, orrdyrco, rpo-1olfo, 6uo ogrrr4prs, preprr<i<; po6ilsg, rpotrf6r, oelo-rfrrr ror ldpor<o.

Tr, xrivoupe

Oo ;retrerrlooup€ rqv e{itrr{r1 6r:o r<rvqoecov.I

o

NA KANOYME tIE PAMATA

Page 254: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

H npd;rqIro dvs drpo rou rporrs(rof orepecbvoup€ rov Xpovol.l€rprl-rr1. Kdpoup€ Xoprorqrv(q 80 nepfnou rKoroorcirv xor rrlvnepvdpe rdrco qnd ro roppn6v rou Xpovoperpqrq. {Dpovri-(oupe r6ore ro fvq rrlg drpo (our6 rrou 0q <{erupioer> qrrdro roppn6v) vo ro rpordpe Hs ro lipr pro5, evc6 ro dtrIo, roogrlvou;re ele60epo. Oiroupe oe lerroupyia'rov Xpovopsrprl-r-q ror rpopdpre rqv rorvicr qrrd ro drpo rrou rcporodoope drorr6ore va 6rorqpeirqr -doo ro 6uvqrdv- rtpr(6vrra. Kleivouperov Xpovoperpqrrl. Tq

'XVn rrdvo orqv'rorvio qrrorurr<irvouv

to rcroptx6 rr:'S rcivr1or1q rou leprorj pog. l-o oqprovrrrcS eivqr d-rr rG ilvq aurd ovrrororxorjv oe KorCIl/pCIqi5 rov Oioe<ovrou 1epro6 pa5. Ko0ivo qrrd rq ios lpov rcd 6roorqporo svd-1-tsoo oe 66o 6rc6oXrrdg Korcypoqig ro Adpe 1 rrr.

H rorviq 0o dlerrcbpo rqv e{qg rrep(nr>u Hopg4.

floipvoupe ro qotribr rcor r6poup€ rqv Xqprororvia eyrdp-oro qvd rrivre rouri6eg. Arlprroupyorjpe trropi6eg. To p(rog r<d-0e trcopi6as pds 6iver ro pdrpo rqg rol6rqrog. Av eivor trd,youXdprv 20 mm, q ro16rr1rq 0o eivor 20 mnr cxvd 5T rrc. Kotrldpreorrl ouvdXsrc rrs tr<opi6eg rq pio 6irrtro orrlv dllq H€ rrl oerpdrrou rrs r6r.popre ndvco oe lopri prtrtperpi.

H 6e6rtpr1Irrlv dllr l d*pn rou rporrt(rov orepec6-

voups Kqr rrlv rpolotricx. Kdpoupe Xcproror-vfo ev6g rrepfrrou prdrpou, rqv rrepvdpre <dro>

o116 ropprrrdv rqr rolldpe ro drpo rrls Fs oelo-rdrn oro opo{drr. Afvoupre rov ondyro orqv dl}r1

drpq rou opo{rori, rov nepvdprr. orrd rqv rpoXo}ioKor oro dllo rou drcpo rrpoo6dvoupe rrdvre po6dtreg.

ApXrr<d ouyrpororips ro opo{drr Kor orn ouviXero ro o-gqvoupe etre60epo.

-e

Page 255: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

T

e

NA KANOYME NE]PAMATA

l-ldvcrr orn Xoprorqrvio qrrorurr<6v€Tot ro ro'roprr<i rq5 ri-vrlorls. Kd0e iXvo5 dler rq popq4 prrcr5 rouri6og. Kdpoups rrl

Xoprororviq qvd 5 r<ouri6eg. 'EXoupr: ror ndtrr ,\clpf6eg rrs o-roieg rotrldpe rq pio 6inlcr orrlv dilrr1 rrdv<rr oe loprf prfupe-rp€.

H ovriyvtooq rov Tsyovdrov

Ks'rd rqv e{ih{q 16oo'rqg rrpc6rqg ,5oo rsr rqg 6edreprls ri-vnoqs q rclirqra peropdtrIeror. Irrl 6e6repn dpr^rS rcivqoq rype'ropolrl cpoiveror vo yive'ror pe oro,3epd pu0p6. Kd0e 5 rrr 11ralirqro nopouord(€r rnv i6ro o6{11o11. H eu0(rypoppq rivq-orl rou opo{ro6 eivar pra r<ivqcrq pre oro0eprl errrrdluvorl, evc6our6 iorog 6ev ouypoiver pe rrlv r-ulrio orrdroprrl r<ivqoq rouleprorj po5. Irqv r<ivqorl tou opro{rorl pnoporipe vo uroloyi-ooup€ rqv ori{r1oq rqs roXdrqrag or mm qvd rrr. Edv pd}r-ora Erorpiooupr p€ rov ovriororXo Xpdvo 0o unoloyiooupeKor rqv errrrdluvoq.

H nepio6os rRS 1r€prorpoqq5 rorlruprrrdvou eivot ioq pe'rov lpdvo 1 rrr ror, ecpdoov rrlv yvcolr((oup€, prropodpe vq u-noloyiooup€ rqv errlrdXuvon rns rivrloqg oe m/s'.

Edv 6ev undplouv opreroi Xpovollsrpqri5, 'ro ne fpopa y(-v€ror F€ dvo lpovoperpqr( Kot ot trotpi6eg rropouorci(ovrot rlprro 6intro orrlv dllq pre oetrordrrr o'rov rrivcxro.EgtotrioelEo. Irq Xoprororvia aurq d1e r <oro'ypoge i ro roroprK6 pnc,tu)tjypaltprlc, xivqoryS. Iag (qro6pe vo arro6e ilere 6rr q rivq-oq our( eivcxr o;rold errrroXuvdpevq Kot vq urroloyioer€ rrlvrrprl rqg errrdluvorlg.

P. :cS 4qroripe va oXe6rdoere nc6g 0o rlrov prra 1op'rororvioFs ro ixuq F,'oS eu0riypoppqg rivqorlg pre oroOeprl enrrdluvoqO,1 mf s', urroOirovrog 6rr ourd iXouv Koroypogef and rlle-r<rprrc6 Xpovopsrpqr( ovd 1/10 rou iSeurepolinrou, erri ivo6eurepdlerrTo.

Page 256: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Epyutrrrqffnilri ftoxqsqz*

pos€Wi("Yrsg roY v6Porq5 eleriE.ptts nrriroqs

flati xrivoupe outri tqv rioxqorl

Me tqv dorqorl our( 0dtrouFs vq 6ei[,ou1le 6tr pioo o116 rov

6p6po rcrlv iprrpoKrov ;rerp(oecuv pnopo6pe va rrpooeyyi-

ooup€ T ov v6pro rr15 etre60epqg nr<6oq9.

Tr, lger.rifetot vo fdgouPe

o) H orrSorooq ro'rdtqv orroic pr,rartvei'rot ivq qvrt-

re(prevo oe oproprfvrl lpovrrq 6rdpr<erc proq 6iver t9 Uf-rpo rrls rol6rrltcis rou ecp6oov q 1povrrcr1 ourrl 6rdp-

<ero (i) trr1gOei'<og povd6o pirpqorl'; rcxr (ii) Oecopq0e f pr-

rpq oe oxion Fi€ rrlv ov0p6rrrvq ovtilr1r.pr1'

9) Kqrd'r4v eu06ypoprpq rivrloq evrig ovrtre tpdvou ecp6-

oov rl rolirqrd rou ou{dverqt ovd}oYo FE rov 1p6vorivqorlg 11 errrrdluvo( rou eivor or<x0epr1.y) Ee prc eu06ypappq rivrlorl pre ora0ep( errtrdluvoq

prropodpe vo urroloyiooupe rrlv errrrdXuvorl, 6rorpc6-

vros rrl peropotrq rq5 rcldtrlrCIS'rrpos rov Xp6vo otov

onoio ouvdpq.6) Otav ivq sv'rtrei;revo fler peydlo pdprog (oe crX€oq P€ rrlv

ov, io. ooq rou oipo rq'rd rrlv rrrc6orl rrrou) q rrrcOoq rou

otov oipo eivol prrc rivqoq oXe66v i6rc pe rqv rrr<6oq rou oro

rev6.

Tl u?',r.xd 0o 26ger,aotodPe'Evo rpond(r, ocprrr(peg, qtrerT pr16lpovoprerpnrn p€ XCIprorqr-v(c, oetro'rirrr, rpctriEt, ldporo rot ivq oXe rrr<d pop6 ouprncryi5

cvrtreipevo. Kol6 0o eivor vcx dloupe rot ivq prrp6 pcx{ltrdpt'

-a

NA KANO/ME IIEIPA/\AATA

Page 257: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

-e

Tl xrivoupe

Ire pec6vouH€ rov XpovoFsrprlrrl. K6pouF€ XoprorCIt-vio ev6g rrepirrou prd'rpou, rr;v rrepvdpe rd'r<o qn6 roroppn6v rou Xpovop€rpr l r ( ror orr l p ic drpq rqgnpoo66voups ro popri ovrrrefpevo.

Euyrpororlpe opprd ro crvrrre(ptvo Kqr orq ouvf-

Xsrq ro cgrlvoupre vq rrdoer. l:dv 6rs0droup€ Kor ro pr-rp6 polrldpr, ro ovrrreipevo 0q rrioer <o'ro polard>.

IT q lcprorqrviq r{1er rrilpo qfio-fufi<oOe i ro roroprr6 rqgrivrlorlg.'EXoupe rlvq nou qvrrororlodv os 6ro6oXrrdg 06oer5Tou qvrrK€rprivou rord rqv rrrc6oq rou.

K6poupe rrlv Xoprorqrviq oe rco;rpdrrc fiou ovrtorotXo6voe Xpovrrd 6roorrlpa'rq ioo sI d Kor 6ro6o1rd. Kd0e lpovrr6brdorqpo pnopei vo eivor ro 6vq rrK rou Xpovop€rpr1rq, orrd-re rrpdrrer va r6poupre o116 ro ivo ilvog Hixpr ro err6pevo.'Eloupe rcSpo ropprdveg tr<opf6eg, rrg onoieg xoltrdpe p€ rrloerpd rrl Fro 6irrlo orqv dtrlr1 oro rerpd6ro.

H avriyvroo1 rov yeyovrittov pe tq pori0er.o tov evvoltfv

To pqro5 rdOe tropibos svrrororle ( oe pfrpo rcr16rr1ro5. Arqrrr-m<6voupe d,rr q orl{qoq rqg raXrlrqros eivor <ypoprprK4).To yeyo-v6g ;rdg enrrpirrer vo oupnspdvoupe 6'rr q nrc6orl nou iyve rlravpro r(vqor1 pe oroOepq errrrdXuvoq. Tr1'u enrrdXuvorl rrls nrc6orlgpnopo6pe vo rr1 prerprloouF€ o€ m/s', pdvo av {ipoupe rq ou;y6rq-ro rou Xpovopsrpqrq, orr6re go ffpoupre xor n6oo eivq ro lpovrrd8rdmqpc wd;reoo oe 66o 6ra6oXrrd rxvrl. H ouXvdrq'ro orrls rr€pr-orpoq4s rou ruprndvou prnopeivo prerprlOef pe mpopoor6nro. Avl6you ldprv 6ronrm<o0ei6rr q ouXy6rqro ourrl eivor 30 Hz, to Xpo-vrrd,6rdor4pro crrldpeoo oe 6rjo 6ro6o1rti iXvq eivor 1/30 s.

EgcotrioerE

cx. floror eivor, rord rrlv erripqorl oog, or puorrof l6yor yroT ougorroioug n rrpq rqg errrrdXuvoqs eivcxr prr<p6r-epq o116 9,8 mls';p. 116oo Oo irrpene vo orrilet ro rrp<irro o116 ro rrdpn'ro ilvogrqr rrdoo ro rrdprr, o qrr6 ro 6droto ilvog rqg rctoypagqg,ov q enrrdxuvorl qrov 9,8 m/s' orprpcSg rorro lpovrr6 6rdorq-po ovdpeoq oe 66o rXvrl ioo pe 1/50 r'lu 6€ur€polinrou;

NA KANOYME IIEIPAMATA

Page 258: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

fpyuorqprux{ drxrlorl 3

O rriopos rqs npdtqs Kor ro)v npoo€yyioealv

H <puorrrl prrropef va eppryve1er 6oq flouv r16q ouppei, olld rqr', va npopAirrer yeyov6ro rrou 0o ouppo6v oro piltrov. Baor(6-

F€vor o) orqv qpx4 rrls ove{oprqoio5 r<ov rrvqoecrrv p) orrg e€r-' ocfoerg rrlg eu06ypqFpns opolrlg rfvrlorlg ror y) orqv e{io<oorlrr;g ele60epq5 nrc6oq5, pnopodpe vo npopldt,trou;.re rrg prello-

i vrrrdg Oioer5 ev6g oqperqrod qvrrrerpivou ro orroio erro{erie-: 'rar opr(6vrrq. Av enrtri{oupre rord}lq}o o6orqpa ovocpopdg or' e{roc6oerg rrou FoS 6ivouv rq peMovT rrrl 0dor1 0q e(vqr

x: uot rcrry: t1t '

, Me qrrqlorgq rou 1p6vou rrpor<rirrrer Kqr rl ley6pevrl ef(ooor1r rpoldg.

Y: . ! x '' tu;

, q orroio ouoXer((er rrs ouv€Tqrayprdveg :( Kor y rdOe orlpeiourqg rpoldg. Or e{rocOoerg piporo ourig, avcgfpovrqr oro

: provtd}o oqptnx6 avrtxeipevo Kor ot rivqoq oto rev6.r No {egrlyoupe r6po }ryo orrd ro <prcryrrd> rdopo r<ov povrd}cov, Kqr vq 6ofpe ov pnopodp€ vq rdvoupe pro riroro np6pleqrl

orov rrpoypotrr6 r6opro rqg rrpd{qs Kqr r(DV rrpooeyyioecov.Xpero(6pcore dvq olq0rv6 'rporr(.(t xr dvo olq0rv6

rrdropo. Aurd ro ppior<oupre e(irotro. Kr or6pro prqprrfiro, trrio pe'rporqrv(q ror lpor'5ysrpo. Nq errr6rc6-

{oupe vo rrpopl6qroups ro oqpeio, o'ro onoio q pnifuo0o l runr lo€r ro rrdrorpo (oXrlpo). To oqpeio suT dprrope i vo rrpoo6ropro're f orrd rq ouvr€roypdvq x rq5e{io<ooqg rpoldg y :gx'l2ut ecp' (ioov ro y 0o e ivqr ioops ro ,lqoS rou rpqrr€(ro6. Arjvolrgts tDg rrpos x:

-e

Page 259: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

X:Uo\qE

Ag 6oripe rr {ipoupre Kqt rt prnopc,dpe vo prer-pqooupe . =i-

pouF€ rr lv rrpq rr lg popurrrr lg enrrdxuvor ls g: 9,81 mls ' .Xpe ra(6pore lorn6v rqv rtprq rou y <ot rrls oplrrlg ropjrq-ros u0. To y 6iversr qrrd ro 6qog rou rporr€(ro6. floipvou-p€ rn H€rporqrviq rqr ro ;rerpdpe . Tr yfverol r<ripo l-ts rqvroX6rqro u0 rrou dXer 11 pniXro rq orryprl rrou €yKorqle irre rro rporrd(r; H rrprl 'rr15 r<oOop((rrar o116 ro <rr npoqyrlOrl-xe>. Xpe rd(eror vo errrvoqooul-rs ;rro: 6rdru{q, F€ rrlv orroiqvo prropo6F€/ os errovotrappov6pevo ne rpdprcrro, vo rrofp-voup€ rrlv i6ro rrprl opr(6vrros ro16rqrog uo. Mro rolq r6doe ivor vs ocprlvoupe r<d0e gopd rrlv prniXro o116 dvq oproprdvoorlpeio rertrr;rivou errrni6ou. Mrrop,rdpre vo e{urrqperr10o6-;re arr6 dva cr-repecrrpdvo vroord. H irrrinru acpqveror lorrr6v

qn6 dvo oqpeio rou uficpurpoprdvou vroor6.

Irq ouvdle ro, r-dvcrr orqv opr(dvrrq e-rncpdvero rou rpqrrc(to(t,5rov6e r prro urr6-orCIorl d, rqv onoiq iloupe nporlyouprdv<rlggpov, foe r vo perprlooups, grdve r orqv d-Kprf ror. ' ' rpone(ro6, rdrrorog pa(a ro 16prTou Kqr 6ev rrlv ocprl',re r vu Trdoer.

Irq 6rdpr<€ro rr ls opr(6vrrog prercxrivqoqg ;rerpd;r€ Fs ro

lpovdperpo orrl lpovlr<q 6rdpre lo, c,rr lv onofq 6rov60r1re qondorooq d ror urroloyi(oupe rq pd<rr1 roXrjl-qro, rqv oroio6eX6poore rcord rrpooi1ryroq ioq pe rrlv roldrrlrcr uo.

H lpovopirpnorl eivqr ro nro euqTberlro orlpeio rqg 6ro6r-r<ooiog. l-r ' qurd e'rrovcrloypdvoupre rrg petpqoerg opxe'r igqopds rcor rrpoo6ropf(oupe dvo p6oo 6po yro 'rrg roXti'rqteg.Tqv rrp( rrou rrpor6fir€t rrl Bd(oupe orq 06o11 rou u0orrlv €-{ iooror l X:uor lZylg.

{D0doope iror oe prc npdpls'.Prl rrou pooiorqr<e orq Oeor-pia r<or orrg perprlorrs rts onoieg rdvopre . 'Eloupe

Hsrp4o€lrqv rrpq rqg opr(6vr-tcg roljrrlrqs ro rpond(r rar prnoporiprevc npoBldqroup€ or rroro oqpefo, o'/ rnv og1ooupe vq €K-ocpev6ovrorei 0o ouvcvrqoer ro rrdrtrrpc.

NA KANOYME IIEIPAAAATA

Page 260: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Iro rrdroFq, o€ orr6orooq X : uo 'lzylg ond rqv rqrqxd-puqo rqg drcprl5 rou rpontQo6, p&(oupr: 6vo prrp6 runetrdr<txor 6or<rpd(oupre. A<prlvoupe rq prxpq pn(trro qrrd ro opropdvoorlpeio rou vroori. Eivqr Frq €uKcxrpio vo 6oripre rqrd nd,oo 11npd€n ovrdfioKpiver-or oe 6rd<popo pror,'r6trc.'Ooo oiyoupoeivqr 5rr 6ev 0u 6rorrro'rcOooupe rorlrroq, dtrlo 16oo oryoupoeivqr 5rr rq qrroretrdopror-o 6ev 0q e ivcrr r6roir€po qfioyorl-reurrxd.

Eqotrioe6q. f loror e ivqr or rcupr6repor, ror-d rr;v r,rrfprrloq oo5, tr6yorprog ev6e15pevr1g orroruXicg rou rrerpd;r(rros;p. Boor(dpsvor orrlv rrpq rrlv onoio perp(oore yrq rrlv opr(6-v'rro rol6rnrq u0 Kqr orrlv rrp4 I : 9,81 m/s', oog 4rlro6per) vo unotroyioere ro lpovrrd 6rirorqpo crrrd rq orryprl rrou rlpnifua eyr<arotreirrsr ro rpqrri(r pilpr rr; orrypq nou <p0dveroro i6agog.n) vo rrpoo6ropioere rq 0dor1 rqg1l10 rou 6eu'repotrirrrou p€-rd orrd rq orryprl rrou 0o eyxorcle fqr€r ro rpcr€(t. No cx-yvo(oere rqv avr(orooq rou odpo.y) Av ogqvopre rq prrifuo qnd dvs orlpefo rou urr€puqcrlpd-vou vroord rpql6repo qrr6 ro npoqyo6prsvo rl lpovrrrl 6rdp-rers qrrd 14 orrypq rrou 0s dcprlve to rpan(.(L pdlpr rrl orry-pr1 rrou 0o 6g0ove oro 66o9o9 0o r-1ro',r - oe oliorl p€ rrlvnpoqyodp€vrl- H€yCIIfrepq, prrrp6'repq r1 fuq; Arrcaroloyqorerqv orrdvrrloq.

NA KANOYME I'IL PAMAIA

Page 261: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

e

fpyam4prsr{ dotrqsq a

rrqg 6uvstnfsls

ft,ati xdvoupe autri tqv rioxqorl

: H dorrloq yiveror yro vq epeuvqooul-rs lr€rpoprorrrd rq oXdoq o-vdpeoo orrlv oorcodpevq o' ivo oc6po 6iivopq Kcr mrlv errrrdXuv-

' or1 rou Kor vo e(e'rdoou;re rov p6lo rq<, pd(o5 mq 6rap6pqoorl: ourrlg rqg oXioq5.

: Tr, agdnel vo ldgoupe

O Oepefucir6qg v6pog rqg 6uvoprrq5 6rarurrc6verqr pe rqv e{iooorl F : firo, orqv onoio ro oriprpolo F rroprordver rq ouvr-

, oroprivq r<ov 6uvd;r€cDv fiou qoro6vtrxr oe ivq oc6pc, To m rrlprd(o rou Kqr ro q rrlv errrrdluvorl ror-r.

I Tr, ul,lxri 0a 26qer,ootoripe

Oo lperooro6;re d,lo rq uhrd fiou Xf)qotporrororipe ornv €p-yoorrlproK( dorqoq 1. Oo lperoorofpe errioqg (uy6 ror errr-nl6ov oroOpd.

: Tu xtivoupea. Zvy((ouFs ro opa{drr ror rrpooOrlroupe o' ou'rd oroOprdr6ore rl pdlo rou vo e ivqr 1 kg. Errl ouvflero enovoloppd-

, voup€ qurd rrou rdvopr€ rqv spyoorrlprqrq dorqorl 1. Aivou-

l"r€ rov orrdyro orrl Frq drprl rou o;rcr{ro6, rov rrepvdpre on6rqv rpoxotriq rsr oro dllo drpo rrpo<rEivoupre 6rio ope rldlrr-vous 6qrrulioug pdpoug rrepinou 25St 110,25 N. <Dpovri(oupe

, c6ore ro roppdrr rou orrdyrou rrdvcrr qrr6 ro "rpar€(r vo ei-r vor opr(6vrro. Iuyrporofpe oplrrd -ro opo{drr KGr ro qqn-

voup€ orrl ouvilera etretiOepo.fldvor orrl Xsprorqrviq xorcrypdg€rcr ro roroprrd rqg ri-

NA KANOYME IIEIPAMATA

Page 262: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

vrlorls. Kdpoupre rrl XCIprororviq ovd 10 r<ouri6eg rar 6qproup-yoripe lrrlpi6eg, r-rg orroieg rolldpe rq picr 6inlo orrlv d}lr1.

p. EnovoloppdvoupeT o neipoprc pe <xpo{,dr<r i6rou pdpougoMd pe popi6r oro drpoTou ondyrou ourrl rr1 cpopd 50 p.

y. Ercretro6pe ivo nopdporo neipopo rpoprc6vovros oro o-po(drr oroOpd, c6ore vs 6rrrtroordooupre ro pdpog rou. Irodltro dr<po rou orrdyrou npoo6ivoupre rous opsrxdlrrvougbqrrul(ous 25p rou rrpcilrou rrerpdprcT o<1.

H avriyvtooq tov yeyovritcov

Kord rrlv rivqoq rou cpo{rbfou 11 rprpq ;.rnope f va 0ecoprlOeiopelqrio. H 66vopq rrou qore i ro r€vropivo vqpo (orrd-yKoS) pnopef rrpoosyyror-rrd vo Oe<rlpq€te i ouvroropdvq. Ironp<6ro nefpapro 11 err<dvo rrou rrpor6rrrer qrr6 rrg roltrqprdveglopiEeg pdg <trder> 6rr rcord rq 6rdpr<ero rq5 euOrjypoppq5 rci-vrlorls I errrrdluvorl qrov oroOepr1. To i6ro 6rqrnorc6v€ror Kororo dltrq 6uo rrerpdporo. Mnoporipe v,f, ro Oeorpqooupre a-rrordleoyc rou 5rr q cxorofprevn oro opr,r{drr 66vcpq qrcv -rord rq brdprero rqg rivqoqg- oroOepq.

An6 rqv err6vo H€ rrs 6rc6oXrrd rolrlrlpdveg trcop6eg prnoporj-pe vo urroloyiooupe rqv errrrfXuvorl. Edv o qler<rprr<6s Xpovop€-rprlrns iler ouXvdrqro 50 Hz, qrryq rqg pnopef vo urroloyrmeiot mfs'616rr ro lpovrr<6 6rdorqpo eivqr 1().1/50 s : 115 s. Edv6ev yv<opi(ouFr€ rq oulv6rr;ro rou Xpovoperpqrq unoloyi(ouperrlv rrprq rqg enrrdXuvorls pdoe r rqg lpovrrrlg provdEog 1rrr.

o. Ynotroyi(oups rrlv rrpq rqg enrrdXuvorls (c,) oro nprirrorre ipopo. H ooro6prevrl oro opo{drr Srlvopq pnope f rrpoosy-yrorrrd vc Oeolpq0t( orl H€ ro FdpoS p rruv 6orrulicov.

fro rr;v crpipero q 66vopr1 rou rrvr(Dprr:vou vqirorog eivor prr-

-o

NA KANOYME

Page 263: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Kp6r€prl. Au'r6 orroppder o116 rrlv €goppoyrl rou 6e6'repou vo-pou rrls r(vqoqg. H 6rocpopd SFoS outrl pnopsf vo cryvoq0ci.

p. Iro 6e6repo neipopo 6tqrrrcrr6veror 5rl 11 enrrfXuvon (o,)

rqg rivqoqg eivor 6rrrtrdorq on6 rqv nporlyofpevrl (o,).To srro-ritreopc, 6qtro6q, tcov prerpqoe<rrv enlpepor<ilver rov 6erjrepo v6-

Fo rrls rivqorlg, (rov trey6p€vo Kot 0epehr66r1 vd,pro tqg 6uvcpr-rq5) ro0c6g 11 oorodpevn oro opo{d<r 6rjvopq e(van nepinou 6l-nldorq on6 rrlv npoqyofpevq.

y. Iro rpiro qn6 rq nerpdporo n rrH4 (o,) rqg enrrdXr-rvor15unoloy((eror ioq nepinou pre ro pro6 rq5 rrpq5 rrls CI,. l-1 ptitprl-oq enrpepctc6ver rov 0epefu66q v6po rqg 6uvoprrrlS on6 rqv d-noqrl rou p6trou nou frror{e 11 6rogop:rrrrl pd(o rou rtvqro6.

Edv paororo6pre orrg rrpdg G1 Kol q3 r{DV errlroX6voeorv(rou rrpc6rou Kol rou rpirou rrerpdpru'rog) rol ecpoppt6oouperov 0epefu<66r1 v6po trlg 6uvo;rrrq5 prrropotipre vo ouyrpivouprerrg ovriororXeg pd(eg.

H orjyr<proq cxurq roo6uvopef pe pfrprloq rrls plCIS opref vo 6e-

10o6pe rq prd(o rr19 dllqg org povd6o5 pirpqoqg. Mtoterotou ei'-6oug pdrpqoq pooi(erCIr orrlv er6qloroq rqg oEpdveros rcov oco-

;rdrcrlv. Oo pnopoJoop€, pdtrroro, vCI rrlv ovrlrropo0fcroupre orqpfrpqoq I onoio poo(orqre orq (6yroq oe er6rllorq 6r1tro6( tqgpaptlrqrog rorv,ocr:pdrov.

Egrot{oerE, o. Iro 6e6repo nerpopo, q oororiprevrl ,lro opo{drr 66vopq Oeco-

pq0qre rrspinou 6rrrldorq on6T rlv qvrlorolxrl 6rjvop4 tou rrpor-rou nerpdpcrog. Ie fiotous trdyou5 ocpeilercrt T o 6rt 6ev eivot s-

l r<prpr6g 6rrrldora:

, p.Av ayvoqooupe rqv rprp( 11 66vopq rou rtvrol'rdvou vqpo'ro5

I eivor ioq ;re Bp/(B+B) Snou B ro pdpo<; rou Krvoupivou opcr{r6i-: ou (;re orrSqnore qdper) ror p'ro PdpoS r<rrv 6qrrutri<ov. [1cog o-, no6errvUercrt sur6 pdoer rou beurripor"r vdprou rqg rivqoqS;

' y.Av ayvorloou;rt rqv rprpq 11 enrrdluvc:rl rou opo{r6(ou oro nprir-ro neipo;ro 0o qrw glal.llrogono6e trvderor; [1doo 0o onetXov o'ourq rqv urroOerrx( rrepirrrcooq ro rrp<i,ro o116 ro etroord rrpolro

, iXVoS rrls KorcrypCIg{S; No urro0ioe're tirt q lpovrr<q povdEo 1 rrr

: e(vsr (oq 1/50 rou 6eu'repotrinrou rcrt dr I : 9,81 m/s'.I

h

e

NA KANOYME tIE]PAMATA

Page 264: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

Ir,at( xrivoupe auulr,rpt donrprl

H dorrlorl yiveT or pre orcorr6 vo Korovorlcroupe rqv 6woro rpr-pq xar vo epeuvrlooupre pdoo orrd perp(ct€ts ro <on6 rr e{op-

rdrqr 11 rrprl rq5>.

Tu 26geuifetor vo ldgoupeq. 'Orqv dvq ovrrreipevo rrveiror pe oro0eprl tc16rqro, odpr-(povo Fs rov vd,pro rq5 oEpdve ro5 rl ouvrctropdvq rcov 6uvdpe-(DV fiou qoro6vrqt o' dur6 eivor ioq pre ;rr16iv.p. Edv rl ouvrorcxpivrl 6uo 6uvdpre<ov eivo pq6dv or buvdpre rg d-

Xouv ioo pdtpc rqt svriOereg rcareu06voi:rS.y.'Orov 611o oreped ovrrreipevo ppior<ovrqr o€ srro(pq ror ol-Iqtroouptrri(ovrcxr, ro dvq aore i oro dllo 66vopq (rdOerq o-vri6pooq) q orroicx rroptotdveror F€ Erdvuopo rcd0ero orrlv €-rrrgdve ro encx<pr1g Kor p€ rqre60uvorl rrpos ro pipog rou cx-vrr<erpdvou oro orroio cxoreirst. Edv q e'nrcpdveto enocpq5 ei-vqr errirre6rl, X<opiS vo e(vqt opr(dvrro, q rdOetq ovri6pooq e-

{ou6erepc6vsr rrl pro ouvrorc6oc rou pdlloug, ecp6oov piporo

6ev undplouv dlleg Suvdperg.6. Or 6uvdpsrs rrs orroieg oore i fvq revr,lrpivo vrlpo oe ro06-vo qrrdtq 66o ovr-rre(pevq fiou ppiorco'u'rot oro d<po rou i-

louv (oo pdrpa. Aur6 ro16er eg6oov rl pd(oT ou vrlporog ei-var oprelrlrdo.

Tu ululxri XQeldEovtdl

Xpero(d,proors pro oovi6o, orrdyro, rpo1rrli61, 6uo 6poro {rih-vo ovrrre(pevo oXqpcros lropCIllqtrerrrni6ou, po6il€S yv<r>-oro6 pdpou5, ivo prrp6 6(oro orov o'no(o 0o pd(oup€ rrs po-

6dtreg KCIr Forpoyvcop6vro. H oXerrrrl 6rdr-o{r1 ouv(Oo5 undp-

NA KAN E IIE]PAMATA

I

o

Page 265: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

NA KANOYME t]E PAMATA

X€r oro oXotrrr6 epyoorqpropCIors enioqg (uy6.

Tr xrivoupe

a. Zoy((oup€ rov 6ioro,rrg po6dles Kor rG {ritrrvc o-vrrreiprevo. Ararqpc6vr0s rrloqvf6o opr(6vrra rorro0e -rodpre rrdvor rrls ro fvq srr6qurd.

Iuv6ioupe ;re orrdyro ro{ri}rvo surd ovrrreiprevo prerov 6(oro pdoco rrls rpoxo-tr ia5. Bd(oup€ orov 6ior<orqv np<6rq po6itrcx. Eivar rrr-Oovdv vq 6rqrrrol-<6ooupre r-oopporrio.

f lpooOdroups orq ouvd-

X€r0 K0r d}treg po6dleg, pd-

Xprg 6rou ro ovrrrceip€vo CIp-

Xf(e r vo otrro0qive r rrdvcr>orqv oovi6o rrvorjpevo apyd.Au{o;rerc6vovr0S ro cpoprio'rou 6ior<ou, err6rc6roupr r lra l6rqro rou ovrrKerprdvouvo e ivqr rard npoodyyror loraOepq. Oa dXoupe rqhjre-po onorileopo edv, er<rdg o-rrd rrg poEdtreg, Xprlorpolror-qooupe Kor f i ro etrocpprd o-vrrre ipevo 6rcrlg eivor rcx ;tt-r<pd r<opcprd. H Erarr(o'rcoorlyro rrl oro0ep6rqr0 rrls r0-

X6rqrog, pnope f vo poorore ie ire orqv ovrfiqrpq pog, efreoe orrl ig Xpovopsrp(oe rg i-o<rlv p€ToTorrioecov.

ror trdyer,rt rp$6perpo. Xpero(d,-

H avriyvororltov ?eTovtittrlvotq ?r!6000 tqg cpuor,xriE

u. An6 rr5 ooroUF€v€Soro orvrrKtfpevo 6uvdpe rg ro

Pdpo,; (B) ror q 66vo;rq orq-prEnS (F-) e€ou6erepr6vovrorecp6oov q rivqorl yfverat oeopr(6vrro enirre6o ordpro rr0v r l rCIXdrqro 6ev r l tovora0r,pq.

H rrroOepq ro16111ro'roucvrr rr:r1livou <oqproiver> drr 11ouvr(rropivq 6}cov r(DV G-orcoupivcov 6uvdprecrlv eivsr i-oq H€ pq6iv. To revr<opdvov4pc oorce i oro {r ihvo ovrr-r<e ipe vo 66vopq ( F) pe rqvrare(iOuvorl rrls rivqoq5. ftovc €pHqvstiooupre rq oroOe-pq ro:16rqrcx npfner lorrr6vva 6eX0orjpre d,rr oro (6hvoovrrreipevo sorairor Hr0 CI-r<6pa 66vopq ( ioq rord pd-rpo Fs rqv F alAd pe qvri0e-

r-q KoTeti0uvoQ), 6r6'rr 6rogo-perrrri 0o erXope nopopioorlrou vdprou rqg a6pdverog. Hguonrq rolupi(eror drr q 66-voprq ourq (T) corei'rqt o116rq ocrvi6a r<or triyerar rprprlotr foOqoqg. I r -o pe'ro[6 ocpopT copivog Eforog pdpoug

Page 266: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Ag urroOiooupre drryrCI v0 ro rrerriloupreonorrqOqre ro pdpog6ior<ou ror cpop, iou vo

eivor ioo pe B'.p. Enovoloppdvoupe rr1

6rq6rrcqo(q p€ ro (6hvo cvrr-re ipevo vo orrlpf(erqr o€ proprrp6repq Fdoq rou. f lopo-rqpo6pe d'rr ro gop'r io rrou

lperdorqr<e va d1ou1-rr orov6ioro qrov ro i6ro pe ourdrns nporlyodpevq5 qopds.

y. Bd(oups orq ouviXerorq 6rio {rihvo ovrrrceipevo rodvo rrdvor oro dltro ror 6ro-rrro'rc6voupe 5rr yr0 vd €fir-'r61oupre orcxOeprl errrrdXuv-on qfiorro6vrqr rreproo6re-peg po6dleg. To pdpog rou<popr iou eivcr rre pinou 6r-rrldoro srr6 qurd rrls fiporl-yo6pevqg gopds.

B' rrve i-rsr fipos ro rdror preoroOeprl enioqg roXrirqro,orrdrs lrrropotjpe v0 oupfi€-pdvou;rr, 6rr 11 rprp( eivqt re-hrd ioq p€ ro pdpog B'.

p. Molov6rr r -o eppo66vrqg enrrpdv€rqs orr lpr{qg q-rov 6roqoperr16, q rrpq rpr-p(5 siv<xr i6ro. H rrprl rrlg eivor ove{dprnrn ond ro ep-po65v.

y. H rrpry rr ls rprpqg ol io0qoq5, iXer o1e66v 6rrr t rs-orqorei. H rprpq epcpovf(ercxrovdloyrl H€ ro PdpoS rou G-vrr Kerp dvou oe rrepirrrcooqrrou sur6 ;rero'rorri(€T0r o-pr(6vrrcx Xopfs vq qorco6vrst<or d}furg 6uvdperg.

Mdrp4orl rou ouvrtleor{ rptp4S olio'0rlolS

Ano6el6prevor rrlv e{io<oor1 T : pF" orrlv orroio ro F" rropt-ordver rqv r<dOerr1 ov'ri6pooq Kor ro F rov ouvreleor4 tp,-pqg olioeqorls, Hnopo6;re, poor(6prevc,r orq 6e6opdvo rourrpc6rou rrerpdporos, vo H€Tpqoou;re 'rov ouvT eleorq. fravq ro rrerrjloupre, ecpoppS(oup€ rous olerrrori5 vdpoug yrorqOivq o116to 66o rrvo6pevo oc6proro. Arroberrvferqt 5rt

lt = B'lB

Srrou B'ro pdpog 6ior<ou ror <popr(ou rot B ro pdpog rou

{rjfuvou avrrre rpivou rou rrpcirrou rrer5rdproT og

I

NA KANOYME tIE PAMATA

Page 267: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Tr, rill,o nrivoupeAfvoupe rov orrdyro Kdr rofio0e'rodpre ro fvs o116ro {rifuva ovrrxeipevo ndvo orrl oovi6a. Iqrc6vouprerr1 oovi6o opyd c6ore 11 yolvio rlfoqg, F€ ro opt(6-vrro errine6o vo ;reyolc6ver. flopcrqpo6pe d,rr Fdxpl;r ro oproprivr"l ycovio rtrioqg ro ovrr re ipevo roopporref.

'Orov {enepdooup€ rrlyci,viq ourrl ro ovrtreipevoolroOqiver. Koraypdcpoup€ rrlv rcpiotpq rrpq rqg ycl-viag, o'rqv orro(q errirerrqr otrioOqoq lprlorponorc6-vrcs To 1-ror poyvco;r6vr o.

H avriyvtooT rolv yeTovdro)v otrl yl,r6ooo rqE quowrlgIqperc6vouH€ rrs ooro6peves oro sr' 'rrrefHevo 6uvdpre rg ra-0c6g ourd orrvqre f. Avol6oupe ro pdpos rou oe 66o ouvr-orr6oe5, rrl B. napdtrtrqtrrl fipos rrlv enrcpdv€rq rrls ooviEagKqr rn B, rd0erq o'our(v.H B, e{ou6e'repc6veror qrrd rqv rdOerq cvri6pooq Fn. loljer F.: Br. Egdoov ro cvrrxeipevo -rrcrpd rrlv eni6paoq rqg B" -6rorrlpeiror crivqro rrpdrrer vo 6e10oripe 6rr sore(rqr o' olst6rdrrors dllq 66voprq.H guorrq unoorrlpi(er 6rr 11 66vopq or"rrrl ooreiror o116 rrl oq-vi6q rqr liyeror oranrcl rpp4.Ifpcpcovo pe ro v6;ro rqg o6pd-verog rrpdrrer vo roX6et T" : B.. Ka0dtg oufldvoupre rq ycovia rlioqg ou{dver q B. rar egdoov'ro ovrrrr.fpevo 6rorrlpeiror orcivq-To oul-rfi€pcivoupre 6rr ou{dver Kdr rl rrpq rrlg orcrrrrlg rprPrlS.Kord rq orryF{'nou errfrerrcr olioOrloq rrpirrer vo orro6el0ori-pe 6rr q ocvi6o ooref rq piyrmq rrprrl crrorrr{s tp'F4S (T",.*) 6-rr <o6uvsre6>, 6qlo6r1, vo oorqoer peyrl6repq 66vopq.

Mdrp4oq rou ouvrrkorri ororrx{g rgF{SIdpgolvo Fs rrl guorrq yro rr1 pfyrotrl ororrrrl rprpi roXrierTo, * : p"Fo dnou p, o leyopevo5 ouwe,\em4g mmx4g rprprtS.Boor(dprevor i) orq 6e6oprdvo rrrlv perprloto)v i i) orougoXerrrofg v6proug ror iii) oro poOqprqrrrd prropo6pre vo q-

, rro6ei{ou;re 6rr yrq rrlv rrprl 'rou p, ro16er H, : Egg 6'nouq n yo:vio rl(or1g orrlv orroic enircerror q otrio0r1oq

NA KANOYME NEIPAMATA

=

e

Page 268: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

fr,ati xrivoupe autri tqv rioxqorl

H doxrloq ourrl yiveror o) yro vo crno6erXref ipnporcro5rr rqrd rqv opolq rurhrcrl rivqcrq ev65 ov, rrelpivouqoreirqr ouvelc6g oro qvrrK€ipevo (ouvroropivq) 66vq-

Hrl ps rqre60uvon npos ro rivrpo rqg rpoXrd5 r<or p)yrCI vq ono6e rX0ei q ol ioq rr lg 66vapr1g ourqg H€ rr l

V61c rou qvrrK€rpfvou, lj€ rrlv'ro:16r-qro rou qvrrK€r-

p6vou Kqr p€ rqv orrivo rqg rpoXrdS, oXdoq q onoic 6-

X€ | lrpo qyou ;r dvcog fi qpouor oore f 0ecop q'rr rd.

Tr lgeuiferor vo ldgoupeq) Kord rqv opolrl rurfurq rivqorl ev6g ov'rrrerpr6vou rl ouvr-orapivrl rcov 6uvdprcov fiou oorofvrsr rr' our6, oripcpcovo pe'rov gepehc66q vdpo rrls Frlxovrrq5, s(vor F : mu'/R, d,nou m r1

;rd(o rou avrrrerpivou/ u rl roldrqrd rou Kqr R q or<rivo rqgrpoldg.p) Orov biooupe dvq qvrrreiprevo oto dxpo evd,g orrdyrou rorro €v€pyofiorrlooupre, c6ore vs erreleiopcxlq rurfurq rivqor; oeopr(6vrro rcdrlo, or 6uvdpers fiou oorodvrqr oro ovrrxei;levoe(vqr i) ro pdpo5 rou KGr ii) q 66voprq on6 ro r€vrop6vo pr1po.

Ie prro riroro nepirrroorl q 66vopq pdpog prnopef vo Oe<opq-Oei coqpovrrl o€ oxdorl pe rq Erivaprl fio(, oorei ro revrcopdvov{Fro, orr6re prnopo6pre vo 0e<opo6pre drr q 66vopq rou vrlporo5eivor q ouvrorcpivn rtov ooro6;revcov 6uvdprecrrv ror lerroupyefcos K€vrpop6trog 6rivopr1.

Tl ul,rxri 2ggercfdpaote

Xperc(6poore i) ivov perolhrd o<olqvcr nd1ou5 10 mm rolprrlrcoug 120 rnm ii) svOer<rr16 rrtroorrrci orrdyrco iii) riooeprgope rXdkrvoug 6orrutrioug rqr iv) elsor-rrd rrc6;roro ;rrrpof

-e

Page 269: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

q

' -n t lo?

B.

h

Io

NA KANOYME I]EIPAMATA

I peydOoug. MoS eivor enioqg onopoirqro ivo lpovdperpo rcr: dvs urro6erdprerpo.

, -' rr }{ovoupe

Eg6oov 11 6rdra{q 6ev urrdpler drorprq o'ro oXofu-rd, e pyootqpro 0o lperoo're f vo rpurrrlooup€ rorrcbparo pre prurepd, <opqri Kor vo nepdooupr€ rrlvdr<pq rou orrdyrou.

Mra lovrpq peldva pdg eivor piporo onapoirq-rr1. Iro dMo dr<po rou on'6yrou rcdvoupe pro Oqlrdyro vo rpepdpe roug Sorrulioug. l-lepvdpre rov ond-yr<o on6 rov ;rerolfur6 oultrrlvo, <pepd;re ivov oper-

1dtrr<rvo 6qrr6trro yro vCI tevrco0e i Kor or rdnoro orlpeio (A) pd-(oupe ivo oqpd6r. Ie crn6o'rcxoq 25 crn nro rdror pd(oupe dvodMo oqpdEr B.

'E1ovro5 oro dllo drpo rou v(prorrog r<pepdoe r ivov ope r-

ldlrrvo 6qrr6fuo sv€pyofior06pe ro rr<ipro c6ore vq ex'reldoerr<urdrr<q rivqoq oe opr(d,v'rro errineEo.

H rpold rou oroOepo'noreirqr 6ror, q qrrivo rqg eivor 50 cmror ourd 6rqrrrorc6veror eg6oov ro oqpeio B ppioreror rdror o-r<prp<ig on6 rov oolqvo.

Merpdpe ps ro lpovdperpo rov 11t6vo 6iro neprorpogc6vror unotroyi(oupe rqv nepio6o rrls r<fvqoqg, ioro T,. Kpeird;reorrl ouvdlerc orlv drpq rou orrdyrou 'rfooeprg 6poroug 6qrru-Iioug ror neprorpfcpoup€ F€ rqv i6ro txxrivo. Ynoloyi(ouFs rrlvnapio6o rqg r(vrloqg dor<o T,. Aronrorrfvou;re 6'l q T, : T,l2

H avriyvtooT ttrlv yeyovritov trs tq pori0exr evvor,rfv

To pdpog rou n<6paros o€ oxion Hs rn 66vopr1 rrou ooref rorevrcopdvo v(po eivor opretrrlrdo. H 6(ivopq trorrr6v rou r€vro)-privou vrlporog e ivar q ouvro'ropivrl rrDV oo<oripevcov o'ro rrc6-

;ra 6uvdpreo)v Kor pnopei ouverrr6g vu XcpoKrqprorei K€vrpo-p6Aos 66vapq.H 6rivopq ourq (F.r) eivot orqv rrpc6'rq nepirrrcrroq ioq pe ro

PdpoS ev6g 6or<ruliou xor orq 6erirt:pn foq H€ ro pdpog rrovreoodpcov 6orrutricov. Ero Serirepo 61tro6q rrefpo;ro 11 6rjvopq

Page 270: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

R

Fon eivor rerporrtrdoro oe oXdorl H€ ro rrpr6ro.H ro16111ro rou nriparog orq 6e6repq nepinr<ooq eivor 6r-rrldoro oe oXdoq ps rrlv'roXdrqro orqv rrp<6r-r1. Aurd, qrrop-

pier i) qrrd ro yeyovd5 5rr orqv rrpc6rrl rrepinrororl o 1p6vo5prqs rr€prorpoqr1s eivsr 6rntrdorog arrd rov qvrfororlo 1p6vorrlg 6e6repqg ro0c6g rcr ii) qrr6 r-o 6rr rsr or 66o rrvrloerg 6yr-vov p€ rqv i6ra qrrivq rpoldg.

To oup*dQcopo

Evc6 q roX6T qro rqg 6erirepqg rivqoqg rjrov 8rnldoio, q a-oro6pevq oro GVrrK€ipevo (ouvrorapdvq) 66vopr11 qrov rerpo-rrtrdorq. H 6rqrriorooq errrpeparc6ver rq Osopqrrrcq e{fo<rloqFoi : mu2/R, oriprcpcrrvo H€ Tqv orro(o (rrpore rpdvou yrCI cvrtre i-psvo opropdvqg pd(os rrou errele i opotri rurtrrr<q xivqoq opr-opfvqg orrivog) q KevrpopdAoq 66vapq {vat avdAoyq rpoqro rerpdyutvo r\g raytirryraq.

Eog fqtoripe:

o) NCI encvotrdp€r€ rp€rs oxdpo qopds ro neipoprcx Xpqorpo-rrorc6v'rog 6rogoperrrS, rdOe gopd, oprOpd 6srcrutrfcrrv. Nsroraypdr.p€rr rrs rrpdg 66vopns (F"^) rcor rreprd6ou (T).

9) No rdvere rrl ypCIgrKq rropdorcorl F.n : f(lT'). Ocr 6torrr-oTc6oere ovotroyio. Boor(6pevor orrl ypo,prrq nopdorcoq vo

unoloyioer€ rov ouvr€)'€orn tnS ovoloy(ogF.^ ror 1/T'.

y) No ouyrpive'r€ rov ouvretreor( ourdv petov 4rt'mR orov orro(o r<orol(yer r1 Oe<oprlrrrrl peldrrl. Ar6rreivcxr yeyovdg drr o ouv6uso;r6g rcov e{r<rciroecov For : mu'/RKor u : 2nR/T pcg o6qye ( orq F.n : 4'tr'nrR/T'.

Page 271: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ft,atf xdvoupe autri tqv riorqorl

Me rqv dorqoq ourrl Oiloups vq enrpeporc6ooupr rqv opplrqg 6rorrlprlorls rns opH{S qrroEerrvrjovrqs 6rr roX6er o' ivdgatv6pevo avdxpouo4S rqr vG rrlv ecpopp6ooupe rrporerprd-vou vo perprlooupe rq prd(o ev6g avr rerpivou.

Tr 26geuifet0r vo ldgoupe

o. H opprl ev6g oc6prcros os psroqoprKrl rivqorl eivor ioq p€ royrvdprevo rqg pd(og rou enf rrlv ro16'rr1rd rou.

P. Oppn ev6g ouor(prorog tr6yeror ro (6rovuo;rorrr5) dOpor-opq rcov oppcirv.y. H opp4 ev6g ouorrlporos 6rorrlpeilor oro0epr1, egdoov 6evqoro6vrqr e{<o'repr ri5 6uvdperg.6. 'Orqv ro d0poropro 66o 6rovuoprd'rorv e ivqr pq6dv ro 6rio6rov6oproro ilouv ioo prf'rpo rqr ov, i0ereg ro,eu0rjvo€rs.e. Ko0cirg dva opro{dKr €pyCIorrlpiou rrvei,or rrdvcrr oe ivo opt-(6vrro olerrrcd le io rporr€1t, I rprpll pnopei vcx Oe<opq0e i o-pelqrfo rar 11ra16'rr;rd rou oroOepq.

Tu uluunri 0o lger.cotoripe

I

e

NA KANOYME t]EIPAMATA

Page 272: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Oo 1pe roo'ro6pre 6vo porpd rpanr€(t,66o opra(dKrs spysorrl-piou ror 66o rordltrqlo eprn66ro ndvrrl orq orroiq 0a npo-orrioouv ro opo{drca. Xpero(6pdor€ errfirq5 ;rerporarvio, 66o

1pov6;rerpo rcor (uyd.

Tl xrivoupe

q. Torro0erodpe ra 66o 6poru opo{drrrr rrdvor oro preydtrorpant(r orq pioq rqg orr6oroorlg ovdpr€oq orrs 66o drpe5.Ie rd0e drprl rou rparre(ro6 dloupre rorroOer(oer o116 ivo q-rl6vqro epn56ro.

Tc 6rjo opo{drro e(var orivqrs Kor ppriorov'rcr oe erracpq.Iro fvq opd{r utrdpXer fvo elorrlpro ro onoio iloupre rrporl-youpdvcog oupnrdoer.'Orqv eleu0epc6verar 6rlprroupyei -piooqrr6 er6rr6 pqXovropil pro c60qor1 oro d),Io orr6re ro opd{roorrcoOofvror oporpofo. Acpqvoupe 'ro elor-rlpro orr6ro;ra ele6-Oepo ror rcx opo{drro errrvdooovrcr. Ta pl6noup€ vo r<rvo6-vrCIr fipos cvriOereg rqreu06vo€rs Kqr vo gOdvouv rourd,Xpo-vq orrs 6tio dr<peg rou rpofi€(rod. To 6ronro'r<ilvoupre yrorf o-roripe dvo p6vo rlXo orrd rqv rrp6orpouorj rous orq ovrioror-

1o e;rrr66ra.

B.'Evog pa0r1rr15 avoloppdv€r vo (uyirrerra opo{drro evr6dvog dllog perpder ro p(rog rous. 'Evog r-pirog per-pder, otopeydtro rpanr€(r, rqv cn6orooq 66o orlyeicov ror rrpoo6ropQaro prfoov rqg. 'Evog dllog rorroOeref ro rrpo{dr<rq rrdvo ororpo.r,€(r rirore ro oqpeio errogqg rous vc ppioreror oro pdoovrqg crr6orqorls Kqr goprc6ver oro ivq o116 qurd 66o 6poro€dtrrvo ovrtrceipevs. Ario arr6 roug po0qr6g rporodv cxrr6 fvo

lpov<iprerpo.'Ooq dyrvav oro fiporlyoriprr:vo rreipopa €fiqvo-troprpdvovror alld, ourrl rr1 gopd, o ivog orrd roug pa0qrdg -

lpovopirpeg perpder rrl XpovrKrl 6rdprrro rrlg rivqoqs rougopropivou apo{ro6 rqr o dtrlog rou o;.rcfro6 rrou 6ev dlergoprio. 'Otror rrdvrcog 6rarnorc6vouv drr ro goprcoprdvo spq-{drr <pOdver oro drpo rqg 6rrr;9T ou 6ro6p,tpr1g rrro cxpyd.

H Oeogqtwrlox&{r1

2ro nptbro neipalta errrpeBcrc6vrrqr rl cllx{ rqg 6rarrlpqorlgI

h

eI

Page 273: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

rrls opFns.H ro6rqr-c 'r<rrv 1p6v<rlv KGr ro)v qfioordo€ov pds o6qyei oro

ouprrripoopo 5rr ro yirpo'rcov opprr6r'€ivor ioo rqr -erpSoov oropFiS r<ov 6uo opo{rc6v fXouv cvriOeleg rqreu06vocr5- r1 oppq'rou ouo, rlporos perd rqv ercrivo{q eivor ioq pe pq6fv. AS prlv

{eXvdpe drr ro dOporopro 66o Erovuoplirorv pre ioo pfrpo Kor o-vriOe'reg roreuOdvoerg eivor ioo ;re pqiiiv. To neipcxpo, 6r1tro6q,pog ono6errvtler 5rr q opprl rou ouorrlporos pre, d rqv eKrivo{qeivor iorl pe pr16dv, 6oq 6qla64 4tcu n,)pp4 (rou i6rou ouorrlpo-rog) rrprv eleu0epc6ooups ro elarrlpro

Me ro 6etrcpo neipaya, orro6elc,pr€vot rrlv appl rqg 6ro-rnpnorls rr ls opF{S, prnoporjpe vo p:rprlooup€ rr1 prd(o rougopriou.

EcE fqtorlpe:a. Boor(6psvor orrs perprloe rg rou 6e 6repou rrerpdprc{ros vGurroloyioerer) rqv ro16, qr-o rdOe opoflrof prerd rrlv e rrivo{r1rr) 'rr1v oppq rdOe opo{ro6 perd rrlv e rcriva{r1rrr) rq FdCa r<a0ev6g srr6 ro 6rio dporo {6fuvo ovrrre ipevo,

F. No (uyioere orq ouviXe rq ivq crr6 rq {6fuvo ovrtxeipevovo rrpoo6ropioere rq pd(o rou Kcr vc( rn ouyr<pivere pre ere ivqorqv onoio rcorotrqtor€ F€ rrlv npoq'yotipevq pirpqoq.o No Oeopqoere 6rr or rrvrlo€rs r<rlv a;ro{r<iv eivar eu0riypotlp€Sopalig.

o Av 6ev urrdpler rcordtrtrr1tro rporri,lr vc rdvere ro rreipopooro ndrorpCI rns of0ouoog.

NA KAI.IOYME I1 E I PA&^,ATA

e

Page 274: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

flat( xrivoupe autri trlv rioxqorl

Me rqv dor<r1oq 0dloupe vo 6e i{oupe (irr ov ol f prnpor<reg8paorrlprdrrlr€S rrou neprloppdvouv ror prerpqoerg, ouv6ucx-oro6v H€ rr l Oecopqrrr( orcdrgq pnopori 'r vo pos o6qyqoouvo€ fiooorrrdq 6ronrorc6oe rg ytq rrl pre icoor; rrls pqxovrr<qg e -vdpyerog ev6g ouorrlporog Kot orov urr<lloyroprd rou ouvr€-leor1 rprP4S.

Tr nqdrer vo fdqoupeIrov r6opo ro)v rrpoy;rorrK<6v qvrrrcerpdvotv q pqlovrr<q evip-yero evdg ouorqprorog (ecp6oov o' our6 {iev percxprpd(eror e -vdpyero) po0proio elotrc6verqr KGr I eld-rrcooq ourq oy*i(e-ror p€ rrlv rropouoio rrlg rprF4S otrioOr1oryg.

H e{ocpdvroq, 6prcrrg, prrag rroodrrlrcs pqlovrr<r15 evipyerogouv6derqr Hs rrlv epgdvroq pro5 rroo6rrlrqs ev6pyerog pe dl-In popq4. Ie rreptrrr<6oe lg dncog cu'rr1 rlou 0o epe uvqooups rlrroodrrlto prlXovr<qg evdpyerog nou <1ci0qre> e ivor qrrohj-r<og ioq p€ ro yrvd;revo rqg rprpqg erri rrl perordrrroq rou cx-vrrrerpivou o'ro orroio oorceirol.

Tr, ul,lxri 0o lgelcrotoripe

Oo lperooro6;re rpani(t, rpoyaAia, v4l.tct, eAcrr1pro r<qr 66oQjAtva avrtxeipevct, rq orrois 0o ovopd(oupre I, ror Ir.

An6 6pycrvo pdrpqoqg 0o 1pe roorotiytt yerporcxvis rcol (uy6.

Tl xdvoupe

Zoy((oo1tr, ro 66o ov'rrrefpevo Ksr io'r<rl,irr ro Bdpq roug ei

NA KANOYME tIE]PAMATA

I

h

e

Page 275: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

-h

e

NA KANOYME TIEIPAMATA

.-- d *-+

In

vgr 81 Kqr 82.

l- lpoo6ropi(oupe 'rq oroOepd (k) rou elorqpiou XpqorHo-rrorrilvro5 ro dvo o116 rq ovrrrefpevo ro orroio rpeprd;re ond,ro dr<po rou etrorqpiou rqr perpdpe rrlv errrprrp<uvorl x.

H roopporrio rou excppd(eror p€ rrl oxion k x : B, dpo x :

B,lk-Torro0ero6p€, orrl ouvdXe rcx, r-o {(r}rvo cvrrre(pevo I, rrd-

vro oro rpan€(r Kor ro ouv6ioupe q'n<i ro ivo dr<po pe ro etra-rqpro rcor o116 ro dltro H€ ro I, prdo:rr rpolotrrog drrog oroox4po.

Apyxa ouyr<pororjps ro orio'rqpro <irore ro etrorrlpro vo ppi-

oK€rqr oro (puorK6 rou H(roS ror ccpqvoups ro o6orqpo e-tre60epo. To I, r<rve irqr fipos ro rdr,-rr pixpr fiou ot rdrroroorrypq q rolt irqrdTou yiveror, yro rrpc6rq qopd, pq6iv. Ogre)lrcr1 rcard,orao4 0ecopoiipe ourqv orprpr6g orqv orroio ortolrjrqreg rcov 66o ovrrre rpdvcrlv prl6rvi(ovror yn np<brq Eo-pd. Merpdp€ rl psro'r6rrroq rou I,.'[:or<rr drr eivqr d.

Or petgrioerg

MiXpr rc6po dloupe perpqoer i) To pcipos rou I, ii) To PdpoSrou I, iii) Tqv ernprlruvorl rou etrorqp,iou (x) 6rov rlrcxv xoro-

Page 276: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Kdpugo Kqr sfxop€ Kpepdoa ro 12. iv) l-rl peror6rrrorl d rouI,, rrdv<rl oro rparrf(r 11 orrofo eivar ioq rord pfrpo ps rrlvrorordpugrl prerar6nrorl rou Ir.

H Oeogqtwrlon&ltq Ev6rocpep6poor€ )ro rrlv evipyero rououorqporoSZrqv apyxtl xardorooq: H rrvqrrr( evdp'yero tou ouorqpqroseivor iorl pe pq6iv. l("o* = 0, H 6uvoprrrq evdpyerq rou ouorrl-

Foros eivor q popurrrq 6uvoprrrl evfplero rcov E, ror I, argfipos opr(6vrro errrgdvero rrlv onoic errrliyoupre vo 6rdplerarorrd 14 06o11 orqv orroio 0o ppe0e f refurd ro Ir.

lJopx: 81 h+Brd

To elorrlpro, apXrrd, ppioreror oro (prrotK6 rou Fr4roS.Zrqv rehxr1 xardoraorl: H rrvrlrrrrl eviprleto rou ouorrlpqroseivqr rrdh ioq ;re pr16iv l(.r: 0. H 6uvo;rrrq evipyero rou ou-orrlprorog eivori) 11 popurrr<q 6uvoyrrrl evdpyero rou I, icrrl F€ rqv cplrr1ii) q poputrxrl 6uvcprrrl evdpyero rou I, irrrl pe pr16dv.iii) q eloorrrrl 6uvoprrq evipyero rou rr\/ro)prdvou (rqrd d) e-lorrlpiou.

[J,er : B't h+1/, k d'T6oo or prerprloerg 6oo rcr Oecrlpqrrr<r1 orr1q,rr1 pog o6r1yo6v oroouprripaopro drr q evdpyero rou ouorl lporos elo'rrc60qre .flp6rerrcr piporo yrq Hts (pdtvopl€vtKq e{iogdvroq FtCIS nood-rrlros evipyerog.

(B1h+B,d) - (81 h+%k d') : B, d-1/2kd'?q onoia eivor ioq F€ ro yrv6prevo rrlg rprflqg erri rq pe'ro'r6nr-oq (d) rou dvrrK€rprivoufro rqv rprp4 olioOr;or1g roXder T :F,B, orr6're

FB., d : B, d - 1/zkd'4 HB, : Br-r / rkd

Av qv'rrro'roorrlooupre ro k pe ro ioo rov Brlx, q releu'rofo e{i-otooq 0o yive r:

H:8, lB,(1 -dl2x)

orrd rrlv o'noio prrropodpe vo uroloyioc,up€ rov ouvreleorrlrprP4s.

NA KANOYME IlEIPAfulATA

Page 277: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

NA KANOYME tIE PA,^AATA

Eog fqtodpe:o. Nq 0ecrlprloe're pra orroro6rlnore opr(6vrro errrgdvero ovo-gopds (0o pnoporjoe, lSyou Xdprv, vrr eivqr our( rrou cvrr-ororlef oro rrdrcopc rrls oiOouoog) Kor or crxdon pe ourrlv vourrotroyioere rrdocx r(doul e ivorr) q crplrr<r1 pq1ovrrcr1 evdpye ro rou ouor-qpqrosrr) q refurq prqlovrrcq ev6pyero rou ouor-rlporosrrr) q eldrrcrlorl rns prllovrrqg evipyerog.

F. No Oscopqoer€ orrl ouviXero prov ri ltrq opr(6v'rro enrcpd-vero rjqtrd,tepo on6 rrlv fipoqyorjprevrl Kot vo rcdvere roug i6r-oug unoloyro;.ro6g oe r(doul. Tr ilere vCI rrqpCIrqpqoere ;y. NCI 6qtr<6oere dv oupqcrlvefre pre rt(; fiopoKdrco 6rorurrr6-o€rsr) Kord rqv e{dfu{q rou nerpdporos - p61pr 611lo611 rq orryyrlrrou rl roljrqro rcdOe ovrrre rprivou yiveror yro rrp6rq qopdpq6iv- q etroo'rrrrl 6uvoprr<r1 evdpye ro rou ouorqpdros <etro-rqpro - I,> nopouord(e r o6{qoq.rr) Kotd rqv e{dtrr{rl rou rle lpdprorog r1 rivqorl rou I, rlrov o-pold errrrcxluv6prevq.rrr) Ko0c6g ro I, rorepoive r r1 6uvoprrrcrl rou evdpyero fiqpou-or6(a etrdrroroq.

Page 278: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Epycor4pnx{ rioxqa4 I

@.pFr6rqroKqr SepFoKpqoicr

Ilati rrivoupe trutri tqv rioxqorl

Irqv repinroorl nou rl peropipoorl 0epp6rrlrqs o€ ivo oc6poiler oov onordleopo rqv orj{qoq rrlg Oepporpoo(og rou/ roep<rlrrlprorq fiou riOevrqr eivor:

An6 rr e{oprdror q o6{qoq rqg 0epprcrpooio5; Ar5 ro n6-or7 Oepp6rrlra 0a ptrap$aorei; Ar'6 ro n5or7 eivat q po1arou ocirprorog; And ro utrrr6; 4116 dMoug napdyovreg;

H dorqoq yiveror pre ororr6 vo ovo(rlrrlooupre orrovrqoergoro epalrrlporo aurd.

Tr 26qer,dferor vo ldgoupe

Xpe rd(eror vo dXou;.re ono6eXre i 6rr q 0r:pp6rrlro fiou percpr-pd(eror orrd rq gldyo evdg trdXvou eivqt ovdtroyrl rrpos ro

1p6vo peropipoorls. H ono6olq ourrl Booi(erol loyrrd oroyeyov6g 6rr q roodrrlrs Kouofpou rrou r<orqvqlc6ver o l6Xvogeivor ovdtroyrl rou 1p6vou.

Tr, ul,r,xri 0a lgelcotoripe'Evo 6o1eio, vep5, rre, pdtroro (4ld6r), l('XVo Bunsen, lpov6pe-rpo, (uyoprd rqr 0epp6perpo.

Tl xrivoupe. Ee fioro oup*dgoopota lcctolriyoupe

Odr-oupe 6vo dvo ro ep<or(proro rrou qieri(ovror pre rdrrotegurrorpieg FqS Kqr ovo(qrorjps rrlv ondrrrrlorl oe rqOivo o116au'(6, pioo ond, rre rpdporo nop6potrr pe crurd fiou rr€pr-ypdcpovror.

I

e

NA KANOYME iIE i PAT'AATA

Page 279: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

To rrpc6ro epc6rqpa rrou fi€ptpdve qrrdvrqoq e ivor: l/orooytorl undpyet avdpeoa orryv peraptpa(6pevry ot f.vq o<bpa)eppdrryra Ko; rn )epporcpaonxrl rou perapoArl;

Bdlope ;ro noo6rqro vepo6 oe dvo 6o1eio. flpoqyoupdvcrt5eilope rppovrioer vo npopqOeu'roripe Xpovdperpo rcar 0epp6-

Fsrpo ro onoio d6er{e rqv opllrrl Oepprorpao(q rou vepo6, d-oro 0, : 21" C. Irq ouviXero apliocxpre vo Oeppo(voup€ roo6orqpro H€ rrl oroOepq cpl6yo ldXvou Bunsen. Aoule6ovro5fipoo€KTrKd r<arocpdpqp€ vo rroipvoupre Oepporpaorord5 ev-6ei{erg ovd ivq rrpc6ro }errr6. Kdvope rr 6vsv'nivq<o H€ rrsovriororXeg ev6ei{erg lpovopirpou Kor Oeppopdrpou rord rr16rdprero prag 0dppovorls rrou rcpdrqoe orr-c6 lenrd. H pd(crou vepo6 nou Xprlotporrorq0qr<e rlrov 1 kg.

t min e"c AE "C

0125

4

5

6

7

8

21 ,O28,O31,538,043,O48,o53,058,063,O

0,07,O

10,5'17,O

22,O)7n

32,O37,O42,O

Tr oupndpoopq pyoivsr on6 rrg rrprdg nou nrlpope; 'Orr 11o6{r1oq Oepprorcpcofo5 cpoiv€rqt vo e ivor nepirrou avdloyrlnpos ro Xpdvo, dpa rar rrpos ro nooi, 0eppr6rqras fiou Xp€t-

NA KANOYME T]EIPAMATA

Page 280: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

dorqre yrq vc nqpcrypqronorrlOei.Ie rrerpdparo preyotr6repqg orpfpero<;, r-q orroiq 0o ncip-

vouv ufi' 6qq roug 16oo rrg onc6trereg 0r:pp6rqros oro rr€pt-pdMov <ioo ror ro noo6 Oepprdrrlros rrou onoppocpdrqr qrrdro 6oXeio, r1 ovotroyio noooti Oeppr6rqtrrg ror Oep;roKpqorq-rqg peropolqg goiveror cr6po rrro ra0crpd. Av lpqorponorrl-ooul.r€ rq troyrr<q rrlg yevire uons nou srrorele i ivo qrrd' rq 0e-pdtrro rtr>v (puotKcOv errrorqpr<6v, prrropotipre vo loXuprorod;re-6rorqpc6vros Kqr rr5 enrcputrd{erg ovoqroprrd F€ rtg e{orpi-o€rs nou 0o rrporfgouv - 6rr yro rd0e cic6po (otlorqpro) rrouOeppoiveror roXfer pro oXiorl rqs popqrls Q : kAO. To orippo-tro k traprordver ivq ouvreleorrl-prfye0o<;, fiou qgopd ro o16-po q ro o6orrlpro ror ovopd(erar 0eppctyu;pr7nx6rr7ra. Mrqoxdon i6rog popgrlg ugiororor Kqt orqv rrepinrcr>orl nou roo6o'rqpo ono6i6er ivq noo6 0ep;r6rqros Kcr rl Oepprorpooiorou elqrr(6vrrqr.O pdlog r45 pri(og.'Evo 6erjrepo epc6rrypro nou fpXeror r-c6-pc cpuoroloyrrd eivol: Tr p6lo r.a((er rl F,14o rou 0epparv6pe-vou oc6porog; fro rrlv orrdvrrlorl Ffioporlpe ndtrr vo rrpoogri-youpr€ oe ivo neipopro oov ro npoqyotlp:vo. XpqorprorrorofpeTo i6ro 6o1eio, alld pe Errrldors prd(a vt:poti. flporlyouprivcrrgeilopre pdler 1 kg, rc6po pd(oupe 2 kg. C) npoo6ropropds rnSFd(qS yiveror FIe oyKoFsrprrd o<rltrrlvo 11, ox6po rotr6repo, pe1uy6.

H oplrrl Oepporpooio eivqr 21'C.

t mine'cae (aT) 'c

021

22B

7

43211

63917

B4423

Nc errrXerprlooupe pro <avdyvoorl) rqg r:orvo6pyrCIS crrdvrq-orls, fiou pog 6fver n g6orl pioo on6'rq,jpyqvq Kot rts ev6ei-[erg. H ovaloyio Q : kAe <poiveror 1;d]r vq enrpeBorc6v€rdlolld 11 rrprl k rqg Oeppoyrlprlrrr6rrlrcs nopouord(eror 6ro-cpoperrr(. H 0e ppolcopqrrr6r-qro rou oc6uqrog 2 kg wpo6 t1t-govi(eror rrepirrou 6rrrldors ond rq OeppoX<opqrrrdrqra rou

1049,528,5

NA KANOYME NEIPAMATA

Page 281: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

I

h l

e

oc6p0ros lkgvepo6.Me tr6yra 6rogoperrrd, pnopofp€ vs rrofpe 6rr qnd rrlv q-

vrrrropd0eorl rtov arroretreopdrcov rrou nqpope orrd rq 66onerpdporo, pldnoupe d,rr o Erntroorcopr6g rq5 pd(45 enipotredvov rrro opy6 puOpd orq 0ep;.roxpooroxq o6{r1oq. fro rqv i6ruo6{r1oq 0eppror<pooiog, A0:17'C, ytt nopd6e rypo, rrlv fipc6-rr1 <popd lperdorrlrov 3 min, evri rq 6e6repq 6 min, rrou oq-pruiver 6rr onorrrlOr1rce 6rrrldoro noo6 0epp6rr1rog. Mro o16-pro ovoloyfu upyi(a vo 6rocpoiverqr. Eivqr ourrl rrou ugio'ro-ror ovdpeoo oro rroo6 0epp6rr1ros, rrou qnqtrefrol yts opr-opdvq Oepporpoorarrl o6{4orl, Kor rrg pd(o rou ocirporo5.

YrrdpXouv piporo orrorlioerg om<i rqv ovoloyio, nou pCISrdvouv, 6rrorotroyqpivo, vo opcprpdlloupre. Me orprpiortpc,6prs, rrerpdproro, fiou 0a rrcfpvouv ufi' 6q.,r1 toug rr5 arr<il-trere5 0epp6rqrcxg oro neprpdtrtrov h:or rnv rjnop{r1 rou Oep-

;rorvdprevou 6oXe iou, or opgrpotrie5 n:prop((ovrqr.Mnoporipe 6qla6r1, vo unoorqpi{oupe drr 11 0eppr6rqro

fiou ofiorreiror yro vo ou{qOei (rord opro;rivo rroo6) q Oeppo-r<pooio evdg o<6poros (q ouorrlproro;) eivor avdloyrl rrpos Trlpd(o rou. 'H, F€ dtrlo }6yro, drt 11 €tepprolcrrpqrrr6rqro evSgoc6porog (( ouorqporog) e ivar ovdloyq npos rrl pd(a rou.O prilog rou ufurori. Mdlpr rc6po rr:rpCIForrotrlropre pr6vo pevep5. A5 6o6pe rr yiveror ov Oeppdvc,upe dvq uypd rrou 6ev ei-vcxr vep5. Bd(clupe oro i6ro 6o1eio ivrr 1116 nerpitroro.

t min0'cAe (AT) "C (K)

021

132,511,5

2391B

35231

46140

fro pro ox6po gopd q ovoloyfo pe'roprpo(6pevq9 0epp6rq-rqs Kor odr{qoq5 Oep;.rorpooiog <poive'ror vo roXder oltrd rl cx6-{r1oq EeiXvsr vq srrrlped(ercxr crn6 -ro uhrd. Ie o1dor1 H€ rorrpc6ro neipopro q Oepporpcoio ovel3qivet rrto etirolo. Molo-v6rr q Frd(o eivor rrtitrr 1kg ro yeyorrdg 6rr ro utrlrd 6ev e ivqtvep6 otrtrd rrerpdloro 6eilver vo enqped(errrlv o6(qoq tqg0epporpooiag. H e{dprrloq ou'rr1 rr;5 Oeppor<poororqg o6€l-

NA KANOYME NEIPAMATA

Page 282: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

orls crr6 ro ultK6 rr€prypdq€ror ps ro Hriyseos u&xq 0cp1t6-rqro (c) Kor p€ rrlv e{iocr-lol Q : mcAO.H orivOeoq. To retrrr<6 pog, Iorrrd,v, oup:ripqopo 0o rrpdne rvCI ouprr€prAdper ro drr q o6{qoq rqg 0eprporpooio5 ev65 o6-pqros e{aprdror qrrd ro rrood rqg 0epp6rrlros rrou peropr-pdorrlre oro oc6pro, drr6 rq pd(o 'rou o<6poros Kot cn6 rqg6orl rou uhro6. To ouprndpCIopo 6rqrurrc6veror ps rrlv e{i-ocr>oq Q : mcA0.

Io (qrodpeNo rrdper-e ;rdpog oe ivq nopdproro fisl 'popo vo xdvere rqypocprrq nopdorcoq t : f(AO).Baor(dpevor o' our(v vo unotroyioe're rrlv ovd povd6o 1p6-vou preroprpo(6pevq oro vep6 0epp6rr1ro. No ovcx(rlrqoererqv er6rr<q 0ep;rdrqrotou vepori qrrd rov oXerrr6 rrivqrs rouprptriou.

I

h

o

NA KANOYME IIT PAMATA

Page 283: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

B'pdpog

Apoorqprdrrpeg

1. 'Eppeoeg perpr loerg 2. O<oroypogfeg r<or roX6r4ro 3. Or opyoipuOpoi rq5 cprio4g 4. Koroypogig r<rvrlcreorv 5. O 1p6vo5 ovri6po-orls 0. Xpovogorroyporpio rrlg rrrriorlg 7. iloto rdppo 0o rpOdoe trrpdrro B. fioro dler peyo]drepq pd(o; 9. floro vrlpo 0o orrdosr; 10.To rippo oro nor4pr 1 1 . O rpo165 rou Maxwell 12. Avarujxtrcoo413. No perpr looupe rqv ro16 14. Oepprr<( roopporr io 15. Mi lpr volrrioe r ro rrcrydrcr.

1. 'E;rpcorg prrp{orrgXpqorpronorc6vrog dvq urroijerdperpo vo ;re'rprloere

o) rrl 6rriprerpo prog pndlog []) rr1 brdperpo 8roro;rqgev6g lenrori o6pporos Kor y) ro ndlog evSg rp6llouond ivo prpAio oog. fleprypdrpre rr1 6outrerd nou r<d-vor€ Kor roroypdrprr ro orror-eldopo-ro.

2. Ooroypog(r5 ror ru;1d,4rrrIrrlv npc6rrl qcrrroypCIgio, ro cxurorivqro e ivqr ori-

vqro. H 6e6repr1 q<oroypoqio rrdpOqrce pe <Xpd,vo fr<-Oeoqg> 1/30 rou 6e uT e pol inrou. Xpqorponorc6vrogrrpoo€KrrKd dvc urro6erdprerpo 6o<rpdorr vG urrolo-y(oere rqv roltiT rlrc rou our,fKrv4rou. To prlroq rououror<tvqrou e ivqr 4,101tf.rpo,.

3. Or cpyo( pu0;roi rrlg <p6or1gYnoloyfore rq prdoq roX6rrlra pre

ror o t,lrqtr6rspos ploordq ouro6 rou

29

rnv ofior0 ovqfiTuoo€-I

!)uTou.

NA KANOYME tIE PAMATA

-h

o

Page 284: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

o. Kqrd rrl XpovrK4 6rdprelo on6 rq orliprl t' prilpr rqv t'. p.rcord rq 6rdpr<ero on6 rr1 orryprrl t, pdlpr rqv tr. Iro ;rrfuperpiloprf 11 ntreupd rdOe peydlou rerpayc'iv,ru €ivqr 2,5 cm. Eivotyvcoord, enioq5 6tttr- t.' : 17h xu t, - t, : 591't.

4. Kcraypogds rtv{oetovOr rropoxdro Xqprororvieg ilouv nopalOef o116 rllerrpr-

16 Xpovoperpqr( ;re oulv6rqto 50H2.

o

Iog (qrorip€ vCI eliy(ere edv opropdveg atr6 rrg rio-o€prs outig eu06ypoppeg rrvrloer<; eivot opotrdg 4 otro-ld errrroluv6peveg.

5. O Xprivog ovri6poo4gO B rporder ivo urro6erdperp{l o€ 0ioq roror6pu-

qn. O A 6ev ro qKouprrder olld i,qe r pdler r-c 6drrutrdrou rovrd oro pq6iv rrlg rtrfporos Kot ppioreror oe e-rrrgulorq, c6ore vo evepyqoet oreptoio Kql vo rrldoetro Xdporo, cpdoarg prdfug avrrtrqqr0e i 6rt rov agrlve I oB. fl<irg 0a rrpooEroprorei o lpdvog avri6poorlg tou A;llpoonaO(or€ vo rrpoo6ropio€rt ro 6116 oog lpdvo o-vri6pooqg. [Xp6vog ovri6pooqg er'69 or6prou triyer-or oetrdlrorog Xp6vog rrou peootropr:i cvdpreoo otrlv of-oOqoq ev6g yeyov6rog rot orqv 6vop€n tnS evipyerogfiou .rTpoK0tre( ourd, ro yeyov69l.

6. Xpovogoroypogf,o r4g 1116o45ET rlv e{orpetrr( ourrl Xpovoqoroypcrcp(o ro lpovrrd 6rd-

orrlpCI ovdpeoc oe 6rio 6ro6olrdg Odoer5 trlg ogafpog eivct1/50 rou 6eurepolirrrou. Iog (rlrodpe poor(6p€vol o'our(vKCIr Xprlorl-rorrorc6vrqg dvo onl6 6rc9ovtlg urro6erd;rerpo vo

r:e

NA KANOYME IIEIPAMATA

Page 285: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

ufioloyfosrs rrlv €firrdxuvorl rrls etre60epr1g trr6oq5.

7. lloro rdppo 0o grrioer npdlro;Bd(oupe ivo rdppro A orq y<rtvic ev6g Opaviou q ev6g rpo-

ne(rori. I-lio<rl o116 su'r6 rorroOerodpe iva 1dporco (:or rilo'rtivo rprlpo rou vo npo{i1er qn6 ro dr<po rou rou Opuvfou.Me 'rov 6efrrrl rou leprorl rrordpre rov Xdpcrr<q iror r6ore vopnopei vo n€prorpirgeror oe opi(ov-rro errirre6o nopoorjpo-vros ro rippo. fldvcrr orov ldpoKo, (rrrl pro rou doptl, rofio-Oerodpe ivo dtrlo rcippo B. Xprlorpon,rrorvros iva prplfo eror-pro(dpoore vo lrurrqooup€ rov ldporo rcocprd. Me ro lrrjrrq-Hq/ To rippro rrou rlrov rrdvor orov Xciporq 0o rrioer rqror6-pugCI rrpos ro rrd'ror;rq ev<6 ro dtrlo tlq e rcro€e uOei opr(dvrroror 0q npooye rcoOe f rrro pro<prd.

l - lprv Xrur l r looupre'rovldpo<o ocrg (qro6ps vCInpoBldqere edv i) ro <dp-po A 0o gOdoer rrp<6roorf ndropo i i ) ro rdppoB €)o cpOdoe r rrpc6ro orondrcoprc iii) ro 6iio r<dppa-ro 0a q0doouv r-ourd-

XpovCI Kcr v0 6rrorotroyrl-ort. rrlv npdpler.t,q oog

X'rund;re orrl ouvdX€ro rov Xdpar<o Hs ro prptrio, ro <ippro-Tq rrpocrysrc6vovrqr r<or ouyrpivoupe our-6 fiou fioporqp(oo-pe pre our6 nou erle o r<oOdvog rrpopk:rper. ErrrXerporipe rdtro5vo ep;rqverjooups our6 rrou retrrrcd ouvdpq.

8. lloro dler peyo)\6repq Fd4oBpior<oupe 6uo 6poro rourrd o116 ovorpurrrr<i.

To ivo ro ye;rr(oupre pe dppo evo ro dllo'ro 6rorq-po6pe d6ero. To rcpeprdpe pre ondyr<o <rro're vc ppf-oKovror oro f6ro,iqoS. I- log 0o prnoporioop€ vo6rtxnrorc6ooups rroro iler -rq peyotr6repq pd(o; Iu-

(rp(ore ndv<rt o'our6 to Oipo.I

h

o

NA KANOY|!',E i IEIPAAAAIA

Page 286: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

r ' - i . i

't t. I' l

9. floro v{Fq 0o orrrioer;Av rpoprl{oups pCIIcrd, ondet r,l ndvo v4Fq, evcb qv

rpoprl{oupe orrdropo, orrde t ro rd'r<o. Ae6opdvou 6rt rq6rjo vqporo dlouv rqv i6ro qvOerrr16rrlro, 6c6ore prCI s-

€4vqoq.Mnoporjpe vG ro npoyForonorriooupre 1pqorponorr6-

vrcxg dvo pop6r 100p 11 200p ror 6tio <oppd'rro r<tr<oo'rq5p0qrfpqros.

10. To rdp;ru oro rrorrlprBdlre dvo cpiitrtro lopri ndvco o' f,to, norrlpr. l-ldvo oro

lopri rorroOerrlore dvo 6ercdprro. Tpcrprl(re opyd ro 1oprf.Oo Srornorc6oeT e 611 0s rrdper pa(i rou ro rippo. Av ro e-novoldpere rpcpc6vrcxg orr6topCI rc Xqpri ro rippo 0orrioer ;rdoo oro rrorqpr. Mnope i're vo ro e{qyqoere ;

11. O rpoyig rou Maxwell

Tt npineL va yvaq$oupe

o) 'Ooo rrro pqld ppior<eT or ivq ovrrreipevo 16oo peyohireprleivcxr q (popurrr<r1) 6uvoprrrl rou evdpyercr.

P) 'Ooo rrro yprlyopo orpicperor dvog rpold,g 16oo preyohjre-pr1 eivor q r<rvqrrr<q rou evipyero.y) I' dvo oriorq;ro pe prr<pig evepyerord<; qrr<6lere5, ro dOpor-oflCI Krvrlrrr<qg r<or 6uvoprr<r1g evdpye ro5 e pcpovi(etor oXe66voro0ep6 r<o0c6g etrorrriveror pre rrotrri ollyo6g puOporig.

tr+

e

Page 287: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Tt tcdtwltt o Tt xoeatqQodrc

o) Irpigoupe rov perolfuxd rpoltiy0pcr: on6 rov d€ovd rou drotdlore rq 6rio vriporo vc rufu10orlvndvo mov d{ovu rar o rpoltig vcqvuqxDo€i arqv ropug{ rr156rdro(r15.

p) Aq{voupe rov rpoXo ele60epoondre rov pMnoupe voneprmpCgercr pe gopd awi0errlmrd ereivrl rrou rov orpdgop€drcv rufuyope ro v{po rcrrcurolpow va rmipXerar. Ko0tirgrmepciver rcr ro v{po {erulfueror,o rpoxog mpCqeror dlo xfl ntoyprlyopo.

y) O rpoldg rpOdver mq lopfldreprlOdoq ror e€arolouOeivc neprmpdgeror.

6)To vripa op1(er ndfu vq ruliyerorndvo mov d[ovc rcr o rpoXrig c-vepoiver ev6 mpdgeror yrip<o androv d{ovo, 6lo rqr nro opyd.

e) O rpo16g mrypraic crrvqrei.

m)O rpoldg oplf(er ndfu vo orpd-gerqr p€ cvri0errl gopd, dlo rornro ypriyopo rar vo rcrepoiver.

IIotE <pxoqpdEoalnoaatd fiu) wpfaivetat1 7, k6ooa oE €1,&y e.aE

Merq3rpd(oupe evfpyen movrpo1d.

Irqv ropug{ qg 6rmo[qg o rpoxoSd;trer neproodreprl evCpyero on6 dorlefie d'rarr pproxrSrcv mr1 pdorl rr156rdroiir15.

H 6uvoprr{ evCpyero rou rpolotielqrr6veror evr6 qutdverq xrv4nr{ rou evipyeto.

O rpolig ncpouord(et rr1 pxprirepq6uvoprrrl evipyero rcr rq peyoftireprlrrvqrrrrl an6 rdOe drtrlr1 0dor1.

H 6urcqrrai erdp1€ro rou rpoloiqu€d\,crot n KvnrrKri elarrc6rnril.

H rrvqnrri evfpyera pq6evi(erot,q 6uvoprr{ qprq p6yrmq rrp{.

H rrvqrrrrl evCpyero qu€dverarevcir 4 6uvcprx4 evCpyeroper<ovr:ror.

I

Page 288: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

12. Ayan$xl,too4

13. Na petgriooupe l.li1v wy613. Me pto p€rporqrvfq r l dvooov {iper-e ro pdpog oCIS_ vq Iqvqrrrdoo€t o opyovroprdg oo<Aog. Merpqore npolra ro riqo<

Page 289: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

, io<og, riva ropprdrr rlcoo'rr1. Ie rrvrlo're qrr6 rdror rr oplioreI vo qv€poivere 6oo nro ypqyopo Frroll€i're. Oa lperoorei rr d-

vag gfiog yrCI vq XpovoFsrprloerro ovipoopdoCIs.

Aut6 prrope f vo yive r r(cxr oro oXole io eg6oov,piporo, undpXouv orstrorrdrro Kor 6porpor. Oo

Xperoorodv oproydvor eOe,\ovrdg nou vo yvcopi(ouvro pdpo5 rou5. l-lpdner errioqg vo ppeOorjv Xpovo-pirpeg ra0c6g ror rdnorcs lrou 0o perprlosr Hs u-no6e rcdperpo n6oo 6rgog dXer rdOe or<alorrdtt.

14. @egprx{ r,ooggor(o

Mdoq o' ivq 0eppr66perpo pd(oupe vt:pd, rq prd(o rou orroiouiXoupre nporlyouFivrrrg perprloe r eire dpreoo p' dvo (uy6 {refprpeoo ps oyKoHsrpr16 oortrr1vq. Me ro Oeppdprerpo <6ropd-(oupe> rq Oeppor<pooia rou ouo'rrlporos. Zeo'roivoupre 6ore-po pilpr ro orlpreio ppoopori pro dllq nood'rqrc vepo6, rou o-rroiou rqy&(a 61oupe errforlg cppovrrber vo perpqoou;re. X6-voup€ orrl ouvdlew ro (eord ve p6 oro 0e ppr66perpo. 'Orov o-fioKooroo, qOef 0epprrrl roopponio rcxr-crypdcpoup€ rrl Oeppo-rpcoio rou ouorrlpqros. Mnoporjpre p' ourd ro otorleio vcrnpooEr op ioouH€ rq OeppoXrrrpqrr 16rr ro rou 0e p;r r 6o;rirpou;H trprl rrou 0q nporrir4re r 0o rre prdlt r orr<rro6r1fior€ rdrroroorpdtrpo. florq eivor q r<upr6repq cxtric,ruro6 rou ogdlpdros;

15. Md26gr, va l,r6oer to naTdxr

Bdlre o' dvq norqpr pro rroo6'rqro vripori, rou orroiou iXererTponyoupivrrr5 pre'rprloer -pe 4ry5 q pe oyrcoprirprlorl- rrl pd-(o. Xprlorporrorcirvrq5 ivo Oeppdperp,o rrpoo6ropiore Kor rrlOepprorpooio rou. fldpre 6orepo dvo rroydxr qrld rqv ra'rd-quqn, prerpqore o6vropo rr1 ;rd(o rou, pdlre ro oro vep6 r<orrdvere urroprovrl, pilpr vo lrrioer. Tr1 orryp( rrou 0s iler trrri-oe r ol6rlq po oq pe rc6or€ rrl Oepporpo<rio. l-lo(pvovrag urrdr.,l.rr16rr 11 Oeppd'rq-ra r4€nS rou ndyou tfu<xt 3,30. 10'Jlkg u'notro-yio're rq Oepporpoofcx nou 0q inpere vcr fXer ro orjorrlpro ovrlrov Oepprrd orropovcrrpivo. Iuyr<pivere rrg 66o 0epprorpo-oieg <or pydtrere'ro oXerrrd ouprrepdcrpdrd.

NA KANOYME NEIPAMATA

I

h

o

Page 290: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

BlBluuoygacptuEyleqi8ra Er0ooxuhfug1. Bautrant R., Bramand P. et a l l . SCIENCE

PHYS IQ U ES 2e.

Hachete, Paris 198'l .2. Bottaro P., Lacourt J. , Rouzaud L.

PHYSIQUE 2e Col in, Par is '1981.

3. Brodie D. PHYSICS Oxford Universi tyPress U.K.1996.4. Cackett G. rc.o. CORE PHYSICS Oxford

Universi ty Press k.k. 1983.5. Dor l ing C K.q. PHYSICS Nuff ie ld

Coordinated Sciences U.K. 1994.6. Faughn J, Kuhn K. PHYSICS FOR PEOPLE

WHO THINK THEY DON'T LIKE PHYSICSSaunders Company Phi ladelphia U.S.A.1976.

T.Fortuzzi Maria Ciovanna NOZIONI DlFISICA e 16. Zanichel l i Bologna 1984.

B. Ful ler J. , Coates LICHT ON PHYSICS e rc5.Cambridge Universi ty Press U.K. 1982.

9. Ful l ick P. PHYSTCS e r<6. Heinemann U.K.1994.

10. Haber - Schaim Uri , Dodge J, Walter J.PSSC OYLIKH An66ooq oro el lqvrxdOovdoq5 K<ooriro5 er<6. 'l6puyo Euye-vi6ou A0rivo 1992.

11. Hal l iday P., Resnick R., PHYStcs JohnWiley and Sons. N. York 1966.

12. Hol ton C., Rutherford F. , Watson F. THEPROJECT PHYSICS COURSE (HPP).

Irrlv l 'rotrrrcq ix6ooq Unit) 1 : l l moto, Unit)3: l l t r ionfo del la meccanisa (1 977).Irrlv Kovo6i(rrq ir6ooq, tome 1: Lesconcepts du mouvement (1980).

13. Jardine J. PHYSICS lS FUN. HeinemannEducational Books, London.

14. Johnson Kei th PHYSICS FOR YOU er<6.Stanley Thornes U.K. 1995.

15. Parsons. S., Pr ichard I . PHYStcS e x6.

Col l ins Educal ional U.K. .1996.

16. Porr le S., V/hi tehead P. PHYSICSOxfordd Uniferrsity Press U.K. 1996.

17. Riban D. INTR.ODUCTION TO PHYSICALSCIENCES Mr: Craw-Hi l le New York1982.

18. Spears J., Zallman D. THE FASCINATIONOF PHYS,ICS ex6. TheBenjamin/Cunrmings P.C. U.S.A. 1 985.

Iotogic tov Ernotqp6vlttrr Ertrotqpoil,oT(c

19. Apro'ror i |e1r5 OYIIKH AKPOA:l I (TA

OYIIKA) Merdcppoorl K.A. feorpyo6lq.

Er66oer5 A.N. f lqrrq6npo, A0r lvo

1972.20. Bernal J. H Enrr.THMH :THN rr.ToprA. T6-

po5 B. H ernorqprl r<or r1 pro;rqlovrrrl e-novdorooq. Merdrppooq E. Mnrrod-rq. E16. l . Zlolopdnoutro5, A011vo1 983.

21. Butterf ie ld H. H KATATo|H TH:IYTXPONH: ENI>THMHI, (1 3OO-1 BOO).Merd<ppoor l l . Ap(6ytrou, A. Xproro-6oul f6qg. Er<6. <Moprpcorrx6' l6pupoE0vrrrlg Tpond(r15> A0qvcr 1983.

22. Cohen I . INTRODUCTION TO NEWTON'S(PRlNClPl fu . Harvard Universi ty Press,Massachusetl:;, 1978.

23. Coveney P., Flighfield R. To BEno: ToYXPONOY Merrigpooq Tdoo5 Ku'nprovi-6115 Ex6. Kdrc,rrrpo A0rlvo 1990.

24. l-rcirpyou lpopr;.rorrrdr4. H KOMH THIBEPEN I KHI, Floverrrorr l ; r ror<d5 er6d-oerg Kpr1rr15.

25. Einstein A., Infeld L. H E=EAt=H ToNIAEON ITH C)Y: lKH. Me rd<ppoor l E.

-h

e

NA KANOY/\AE NFIPAMATA

Page 291: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

-e

Mnrrodxq. Er<6. <Aco6qlvq>, A0r1vo1978.

26. Cui l len M. FIVE EQUATIoNS THATCHANGED THE WORLD. e x6. L i t t le,Brown and Company U.S.A. 1995.

27.Harman P.M. ENEP|EIA, AYNAMH KAIYAH. An66oor l orq el lqvrrd Tdoo5Torovro6lc5, l- loverrrorqpro169 er<66-oer5 Kpqrr15, 1994.

28. Hawking N. Stephen TO XPONTKO TOYXPONOY e 16. Kdrorrrpo A0rlvcx 1996.

29. Hewitt P. Ol ENNOIE: TH: OY:IKH: Ms-rdcppooq Eldvq Irlgdrcrl. l-loverrrorrl-prorig ex6doerg Kpqrq5 1992.

30. Koestler A. Ol YflNOBATEI Mer. l. Xo-r(qvr rolrl Er66oe15 Xar(qvr rolrl A0r1-vq 1975.

31. Stewart lan nAlZEt O OEOL ZAPTA; HEn|:THMH TOY MOYI per. K. Iopopdgex6. Kcooropdrq A04vo 1 991.

O nivorog (<oypogrrq5 rqg oetri6c5 perqv onoio (ovory€r) ro regdloro O X<itpoqxat o yp6voq e ivor rr15 'Ellrlg Appopdvrq-Aporono6lou (1980).

O nivarcg (oyporprrc(g r4g oeli6og prer4v orroic ovorye r ro rcecpdtraro fleprypagryrrlg xivqorlS eivqr rou Atrrfuou (Dqorqvod(1981 ) .

O rrivor<cg p€ Tov orroio ovorye r ro rri-

;rnro r<egdlqro rivot rou Aprorer6q Bldo-oq (loroprrq gcoroypocpio , 1979).

Tq oriroq pe rq Mogdlvrq eivqr rouApyevrrvorj Quino, ond rqv eltrrlvlr{ ir6o-on rrls Mocpdlvro, Er66oer5 <Bopil>. Toorfroo F€ rov repporog6lor<o ro0c65 rorro oriroo orov 6edrepo v6po rq5 r<ivqorlge ivor rou enioqg Apyevrrvod orrrooypd-gou Mordil lo.

O rrfvara5 pe rr5'rcrXdrq'reg r<ov (c6<oveivqr o116 rrlv eyruxtrorrai6ero <Aoprq>.

O nr'varog (oypogrrr]g <Odvoro5 rouKorr ipvrrou)/ n f ipoo@rroyporpic rou

NA KANOYME t]EIPAMATA

Kepler ror 11 e rrdvc rou 6opucp6pou sivolqn6 ro prBlio // Mondo della Scienza er66-oerq <Mondadori>, Mrldvo 1978.

O nivorrr5 pre rrg rrp6g r<ov pro(dtv ei-vor qrr6 ro prplfo Physics D. Hall iday-R.Resnick ex6. 1966 er6. John Wiley and SonsN. York 196€.

Oprop6v,:5 an6 rrg <poroypocp(eg rorro olqporo npodplovrot ofid ro prplionou ovocpdpovror orrl prpfuoyporpio pe o-p r 0po65 1,2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8,1 0,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 8,29.

Mrxpd anoorrdo;rcrcr/ f i€pifiou qu-

ro6oro, Xprl<rprorrorrlO4xov ond rc prpliope opr0p6 pr l3fu oypocp(o g 1 2,1 7,2O,3O.

Page 292: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

A6gdverc 90,94Adpr,o 227AxtlvoBoi,.(c 240Av<il,uor1 praE 6rlvopr1g 87Agrcrord),r19 51,58Agr,ororellxrj OuoLxrj 88Aglr{ cve[aqqo[ag ruw xLvrioeolv 63ASX{ tqE 6r,amipqo4g qg evdpyen g 2L4AqX( ntS 6Lanipqo4g rqE oQprig 130Atcfifc ev6g ououiparog 235Aropo 224

BB<iqog 55,I02,L19,I23Bc,guruxri 8uvcpr,xrj evdgyeurBcqurr,xri enr,rdluvorl 55,123Bc,r-p,ovri6c petgrjoeolg I84Bcr T[eqpg (Watt James) I52

flal.ul,afoE 52Ixc,1x<igr,v frorigl I24

A/ l

Alrivuol.rc 32Au{qr;oq qg pqlcvrxriE evdg^yer,crE 773Aeuteg<ltrerro 20At,cr{gqoq qE evdpyerag 214Arculgrloq rIS oetniE 126Aogug<lgog I24Ap<ion-aw(6pcroq 105Arivcprl 81Auvapr.xri evdpyer,o, 168

HHl.r,crxr{'HiutoE

Er,6Lxrj Oeqpdmlta 203,205Elcoruxdgna,gcrpopqr6oer,g 84El,aorr,zri Ouvcplxlj ev6g1erc, I72Etrmripr,o 84,160El,eri0egq nrc6oq 51Ewpon[c. 234E[r.ot6oeLg xr,v{oer;'EQyo 154Eooxepuxrj evdqyeuo, 224Eu0rlygcppq opal. i erulrc,1uv<ipevqx(vr1oq 46Eu0tilgcrprpq opo),{ x(vqor1 38

amrvopoll.o 2401A

@epel,r.c66q g vdpog q g 8uvcrprxrjg@ep;rcrvnxrj uxc,v<ilqra xcuofpou@egpoxgao(c l9ri@egp<lqra 202@egpciqta efodgr,-,or1g 208@egp6qrc u'lfiqg 209@egpoltrrpqtw6upa 204@doq 17,35

IIIWS 183

Kd0er'1avtf8pc,oq 107Kov<ivcE rrov perc,tcrtfoeov 33Kav<5vcrgrouna,qalJ,rli'oyqdppou 34

94239

T

o

NA KANOYME TIEIPAMATA

Page 293: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

Kevrpop<il,ogbrivcrpq 1I2Kewgop<i),oE enr,r<iluvoq 59,1.12K(v4or1oe 1r(c buiorcoq 36Krvqrrxrj evdqyeLc 16LKicrorilroug Poriwotrg(Clausius Rudolf) 235Kl,ipaxc K61"Btv 199Kl[uaxa Kei'o(ou 198

M<iyep P6pne pt 2I4M<i[c 94MercBLpc[dpevq evdplerc I53,2I2Metcr<inLon 32Mdrpo - povdbc prrixoug 13,26MqlctvLxrj evdqyeLa 7'16MLxprinoopo g 232,226,228Mdpro 225

Nedrrrlv Iourix (Newton Isaac) 80,90Neurrr:vr,x{ cnivOeoq 79NLoritov - povdbcr pergrioeo4 98N6pog tqg c6q<iveLcrE 91N6poE 8pdorlg cvrf6pcoqg 103N<5trroE qg el,eri0epqg rurciorlE 52Nripog uyg ncyx<lopuag dl,[r;g 127

Opa),{ xuxLtxrlxfvqoq 60,712Og1<ivcoo4 ev<iE ououjparoE 235Oqrl6wra Bol,{ 65OSpti r29

go,rvdpevo 20,6220,62

Xra0egd rou eiuaqg(ou 84Ircnrxri rpLl3ri 108X{v0eor;Arrvripeorv 862uvr,orcpdv4 8uvdpeov 86Xuwe)"eorri; o-ranx{E rarp{g 109Xuwel.eouj,;rarprjE ol.io04oqE 111}iorrlpc cvcrqogtig 18,31Xulv6qrcr 20,62

TTcxtirqrc 41,TEdoul,-Movri6cr petprioeorE I54Tfdoul.TEdnFs llq(onor 215TqrB{ ol(o€qong 110Tqop<i 30

lrqE evdgyer.ag 231

Xrlprxri ev66n7e ra 238

Xoux Pdpnrgt (Hooke Robert) 84Xgqotpdqt,r rrlg evdgyetc,E 235Xpovlzrj 6r,d,pxeta 19

Xpovrx( orry1ri 19

Xgdvog 19

Xc6pog 12

YYnoBdOpLor

IIlIepLo6r.x6fIepfo6oE

=h

e

NA KAN E TIEIPAMATA

Page 294: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου
Page 295: Φυσική Α' Λυκείου

EKAOTH B' , 1999 (ANAMOPOOMENH) - ANTTTYnA 142 000 - At) :YtVBAIH)i 202218-2-99EKTY|IQIH: N. BA:lnElOY - r KEOAAOnOYAO:I O.E

BIBAIOAEIIA: B AAAAPHI & >lA E E