2

A. : 2014 2015

Joule Rankine.1 . , 1.013 bar -161.6 C. , . () (). , , , . . , . () ( ) 20C , . ( ) , .

. , .

W GT MW 28

Pa2 bar 19

1 , . , 2009.

1

T g3 C 1400

*

P0 bar 80

*

P bar 16

*

C 280

N [] 24

1:

*

( ) , .

1 : ( f2), ( a2) , ( g4) , , (ma , m f , mg) , (G T ) (W C F)

. , /.

1 bar 19 bar, r c=

Pa2Pa1

=19[ba r ]1[ba r ]

=19 ( ) .

c=0.85

, a=1.4 ka=a1a

=0.2857 . (6.31),

15C, : T a2=T a1[1+rc

k a1c

]=462.01C

1.013 bar ( ) -161.6 C. , r cf=18.7562 2 cf=0.82 . ,

2 , 19 bar. , 1.013 bar () , 1 bar .

2

f=1.3062 k f= f1 f

=0.2344 3 (6.31) ,

T f2=T f1[1+r cf

k f1 f

] = 27.36 C

462.01 C -27.36 C, 19 bar. (6.41):

m f[H u+c pf(T f2T 0)]b = ma[(1+ f )c pg(T g3T 0)c pa(T a2T 0)] 4

( H u = 50000kJkg

), 0 = 20 C ( , ).

f /, f = m fma

.

f , :

f =c pg (T g3T 0)c pa(T a2T 0)

b[H u+c pf (T f2T 0)c pg(T g3T 0)]= 0.0245

2%, Pg3=18.62 ba r . To 1.05 bar, r T=17.733 . =0.87 . g=1.33 k g=0.2481 . (6.32)

g4 = T g3[1 (1r tk g)] = 657.61 C 5

. , . (6.38)

W GT = mma [c pg(T g3T g4)c pa(T a2T a1)]

: 28 MW. ,

3 H f , CH 4

4 1 c pf(T f2T 0) . H u

5 1400C

3

ma =W G T

m[c pg (T g3T g4)c pa(T a2T a1)]= 64.7780 kg

s m=0.98 .

A f m f = 1.5867

kgs, mg = 66.3647

kgs

.

(6.39)

G T =W G Tm f H u

=28000 kJ

s

50000 kJkg1.5867kgs

= 0. 3529

2 (m0) (m ) ,

T g7 , T g9 , T g11 , 9 = 50 C

. = m

m0= 0.15

/. 6:

T g7 T 13Y+15 C ( )

T g9 T 13X+15 C ( )

T g11 120 C ( )

= mg c pg = 76.09[kWK

]

= 0.98 ().

:

(T g4T g11)=m0[h0+h (1+)h9]

6 O g , ,

4

A ,

min (510 C , T g440 C ) = min(510 C , 617.61 C ) = 510 C

/ (, ). , 12 12, 11 11, . p = 0.82 .

11 12 p =h12X 'h11Xh12Xh11X

, h12X '

( Mollier). h12X . h13X . Mollier 7

bar C kJ

kg

11X 1.1 95 398.0512X 18.8 95.2 400.2513X 18 207.11 ( = T s ) 884.58 (. )14X 18 207.11 ( = T s ) 2794.8 (. )X 16 280 2993.111 1.1 95 398.0512 83.8 95.2 405.5113 83 297.55 ( = T s ) 1331.4 (. )14 83 297.55 ( = T s ) 2755.5 (. )

0 (Y) 80 510 3416.3 2: /

, .

O :

7 , , .

5

T g7 312.55 C ( . )

T g9 222.11 C ( . )

T g11 120 C ( )

, . T g11=(T g11)min=120 C .

B(T g4T g11) = m0[h0+h (1+)h9]

m0 ( ) m0 = 11.2869kgs

g4 g7 0 13 (), 14 ()

B(T g4T g7) = m0[(h0h13Y)+ (hXh14X)]

g7 T g7 = 343.95 C > T 13Y+15 = 312.55 C .

g7 g9 13 14 (), 13 13 (),

B(T g7T g9) = m0[(h13Yh12Y)+(h14Xh13X)]

T g9 g9 = 164.11 C < T 13X+15 = 222.11C .

. T g9 = 222.11 C . g9 g11 9 13

B(T g9T g11) = m0[(1+)(h10h9)+(h13Xh12X)]

m0 = 10.0503kgs

T g7 = 382.24 > 312.55 C , T g11 = 178.90 > 120 C

6

.

.

g4 g5 g6 g7 g8 g9 g10 g11 (C)

657.61 570.34 566.41 382.24 259.95 222.11 212.51 178.90

3: (: / 50C )

E 3 , ,

, , .

, m0 = 10.0503kgs

( #1) 76 bar ( 5% ) 15.2 bar, . , h1 = h0 = 3416.3

kJkg .

505.29 C. , m = 1.3920

kgs ( 1%

) 15.2 bar ( 5% ) 8 , , 0.05 bar.

A . , me2 = 6N = 624 = 144

kgh

= 0.04 kgs .

. , . :

8 ' 15.2 bar

7

mD = m+m+m+V .

, . , . (3.6.2):

V . = 0.3

m3

day

N V . = 0.0000832m3

s.

998 kgm3

( 20C).

,

mD = 0.1987kgs

q = 1400

kJkg

QD=mDq = 278.24kW .

me1 =QD

he1hc1[1]

me1 ,he1 hc1 .

. 2 ( ), 4 ( ), e ( ), 5 ( ), - - . .

,

W AE = m0(h0hp1)+m4(h4h p2) [2]

h p1 , h p2 , , ., h0h p1 h4hp2

8

.

. i1 i2 , (3.3.1) SL1 =

h0 hi1h0 h p1

[3a] SL2 =h4 hi2h4 h p2

[3b] .

. hEL = 0.02[(h0 hi1)+(h4 hi2)] [4].

,

W wHP = m0(h0 h2) [5a]

W wLP = m4(h4 he)+(m4me )(hehw) [5b]

hw .

W sLP =W wLP

1+rML+r RL[6a]

W sHP =W wHP

1+rML+r RL[6b]

rML r RL , .

, rML = 0.035 (3.5%) , ( ).

, h p1 = 2951.8kJkg

h p2 = 2060.1kJkg

. [2], :

W AE = 20219.56.99 PS = 14871.70 kW 9

80% ,

W = 11897.36 kW = 16175.65 PS

9 h4 = h p1

9

. 5 . .. b = 0.8276 . f t = 1.01 . SL = f tb = 0.8358 . Y , SL1 = SL2 = SL . [3a], [3b] hi1 = 3028.05

kJkg

, hi2 = 2218.3kJkg

. A [4]

, hEL = 23.875kJkg .

( , ). 3 bar ( ) e. Mollier, he = 2740

kJkg '

he1 = he2 = 2740kJkg

[1] me1 = 0.1156

kgs

me = 0.1556kgs

( & ).

hw = 2242.2kJkg . [5a], [5b]

W w = 8866.05 kW W w = 3902.19 kW

[6a], [6b]

W s = 8566.23 kWW s = 3770.03 kW

W = 12336.5 kW = 16772.75 PS

' 0.1%. , ( 80%) W = 11897.36 kW = 16175.65 PS W = 12336.5 kW = 16772.75 PS . = 3.69% .

10

, . .

W kW 12376.79

W kW 3786.41 W kW 8590.39

SL - 0.8395

f t - 1.01

E

h0 kJ

kg3416.3

.

hi1 = h2 kJkg

3026.4

E

h3 kJkg

2993.1

h4 kJkg

3022.3

.

hi2 kJkg

2214.6

.

hEL kJkg

23.954

hw = h5 kJkg

2238.5*

he = he1 = he2 kJkg

2735

m0 kg

s10.0503

( ) m kgs

1.5075

( ) m3 kgs

1.3920

11

( 4) m4 kgs

11.4423

me (= me1+me2) kgs

0.1559

me1 kgs

0.1159

me2 kgs

0.04

mc kgs

11.2864

4:

* ( 0.05 bar ) , 0.8667, )

. 0.05 bar ( #6) 1 bar. ( = m7 = mc) , ( = mc1 = me1) , ( = mc2 = me2) .

p = 0.82 . h6 = h ' 0.05 ba r = 137.77

kJkg . H

s6 = s ' 0.05 ba r = 0.4763kJkgK

. 7' 1 bar, h7' = 138.04

kJkg

.

p =h7 ' h6h7 h6

[7].

7 = 138.10kJkg

m8h8 = mc1hc1+m7h7+mc2hc2+mw hw [8]

8 , c1 , c2 w10 o .10 w

5 .

12

: m8 = m0+m = 11.5579kJkg

,

mc1 = me1 = 0.1145kgs, hc1 = h(1 bar ,79.63 C) = 333.346

kJkg

11

m7 = mc = 11.2864kgs

mw = m = 0.01(1+)m0 = 0.1156kgs, hw = h(1 ba r , 20 C ) = 84

kJkg

[8], h8 = 139.35kJkg

. 8 9 7, ' h9 = 139.47

kJkg

T 9 = 33.24 C

50C. 10C, .

, , T 9 = 33.24 C . , , .

bar C KJ/kg Kg/sf1 1.013 -161.6 - 1.5867f2 19 -27.26 - 1.5867a1 1 15 - 64.7780a2 19 462 - 64.7780g3 18.62 1400 - 66.3647g4 1.05 657.61 - 66.3647g5 - 570.34 - 66.3647g6 - 566.41 - 66.3647g7 - 382.24 - 66.3647g8 - 259.95 - 66.3647g9 - 222.11 - 66.3647

g10 - 212.51 - 66.3647g11 - 168.2812 - 66.3647

11 , c1 ( ) 20 C 1 bar

12 2 , .

13

e 3 140.29 2740 0.1556e1 3 140.29 2740 0.1156e2 3 140.29 2740 0.04c1 1 79.63 333.446 0.1156c2 1 79.63 333.446 0.04w 1 20 84 0.1156

bar C KJ/kg Kg/s

0 80 510 3416.3 10.05031 76 505.29 3416.3 10.05032 15.2 294.29 3027.2 10.05033 15.2 280 2993.1 1.39204 15.2 293.46 3023.1 11.44235 0.05 32.88 2240.4* 11.28676 0.05 32.90 137.77 11.28677 1 32.94 138.10 11.28678 1 33.23 139.35 11.55799 2