Βασική θεωρία κυκλωμάτων 2

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  • pi pi

    .

    pi

    pi pi

  • pi () pi, pi pi .

    1. pi (voltage source)

    pi

    DC pi . pi .

    vs(t)=0 pi .

    pi : pi .

  • vi

    0

    voltage

    source

    v

    +

    vs-

    is

    +-

    vs

    i-v pi .

  • pi pi

    pi, pi .

    is(t)=0 pi

    2. pi (current source)

    DC pi . pi .

    s

    o.

    pi : pi .

  • i-v pi .

  • pi pi pi

    pi .

    =

    pi

    =

    =

    gm= rm=

    pi .

    i1

  • pi pi .

    pi pi .

    pi ()

    pi pi .

    pi pi.

  • ( ) ( ) ( )f x x f x f x+ = +

    ( ) ( )f ax a f x= (homogeneous function):

    (additive function):

    ( ) ( ) ( )1 2 1 2f x x f x f x+ = +

    (linear function): + pi

  • ( ) ( )v t R i t= (linear), (time invariant):

    ( ) ( ) ( )v t R i i t=

    ( ) ( ) ( )v t R t i t= (time-varying):

    - (non-linear):

    ( ) ( ) ( )v t R t i t=

    ( ) ( ) ( )v t R i,t i t= - (non-linear), (time-varying):

    (time-varying):

    pi v, i: .

  • ,

    .

    (short-circuit).

    v

    i

    0v

    i

    0v

    i

    slope=tan=1/R

    0

    (open-circuit).

    (characteristics) -V:

    ( )( )

    1q

    v tkT

    si t I e

    =

    : - .

    dvr =

    di (dynamic resistance):

  • - .

    - .

  • pi (bilateral) i-v

    pi (0,0) pi (v, i)

    pi (-v, -i).

    pi.

    pi : ,

    - /

    .

    pi : ,

    .

    ( pi): .

  • (capacitors)

    ( ) ( ) dqq t C v t Cdv

    = =

    ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )0

    1( ) 0 tdq t dvi t i C v t v i dd t d t C

    = = = +

    , pi:

    .

    : q pi v.

    (capacitance):

    v(0) = = & v(t) = pi + pi

    i(t) , v(t) :

    v(t) pi .- pi: q-v .

    pi: q-v .

    S=1/C: (elastance)pi v, i: .

  • (inductors)

    ( ) ( ) dt = L i t L =di

    ( ) ( )0

    1( ) 0 td d iv = v L i t i v dd t d t L

    = = +

    , pi:

    : pi i.

    =1/L: pi (reciprocal inductance)

    pi (inductance):

    i(0) = =

    i(t) = pi + pi pi

    v(t) , i(t) :

    i(t) pi .

    .

    pi (inductance):

    pi v, i: .

  • (hysteresis)

    - pi: -i .

    pi: -i

    .

  • : .

    pi v, i: .

  • ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )o

    t

    o tp t v t i t E t ,t v i d= =

    pi to t

    &

    (((( ))))t t

    pi

    pi ( pi).

    pipi pi .

    (((( ))))o

    t t

    o o o

    - t

    E(t)= v() i()d= E(t )+ v() i()d E(t )+ E t ,t

    = = = = :

  • (port) :

    pi pi

    pi pi

    (pi)

    .

  • 2 pi

    (one-port) :

    (equivalent one-ports) =

    pi -.

  • (passive) pi ( pi) : E(t)0 t

    pi. pi 1 3 pipi i-v

    [pi: R0 & p(t) = v(t) x i(t) 0 t] : (active) pi pi

    pi t pi: (t)

  • / :

    (range) : , , ,

    pi ,

    pi pi,

    .