ΕΑΠ Τόμος Α_αρχαιολογία Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο_κεφ2

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ΕΑΠ Τόμος Α_αρχαιολογία Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο_κεφ2

Transcript of ΕΑΠ Τόμος Α_αρχαιολογία Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο_κεφ2

Page 1: ΕΑΠ Τόμος Α_αρχαιολογία Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο_κεφ2

EAAHNIKO ANO I KTO nANEnlrTHMIO

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EVOTT]TQ 6.2

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Page 15: ΕΑΠ Τόμος Α_αρχαιολογία Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο_κεφ2

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KAI IIPArMATIKOTHTA Al. Kov"ov~tl1J

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Page 16: ΕΑΠ Τόμος Α_αρχαιολογία Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο_κεφ2

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Page 17: ΕΑΠ Τόμος Α_αρχαιολογία Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο_κεφ2

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o Indiana Jones, nou yupi~ouv T1]V uq>IjAlo onAlolJcvol, CTOIIJ01 va aVTllJtTWni­

oouv IJt 8oppoe; KOI IKav6T1]Tte; VTtTtKTIP KoBt aVTI~o6T1]Ta KOllioAonAoKia,

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napai5clYlla 2

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napali&IYl.la 3

H ljIeulloapxaloAoyla TOU Erich van Diinlken ('EpIX Ipov NTa[vIKev, 1970,

1985). 0 epoalTeXVll~ oUT6~ epeuVIlT~~ elval nenelO\Jevo~ 6TI 11 KlvllT~pla Iluva­

~Il nou 019110& TIlv av9pwn6TIlTa OTO Ilp6~0 TOU noAlTla~ou npo~Age an6 ene~­

llao&l~ e~wyljlvwv 6VTWV ~ ,,gewv» an6 TO IllaOTIl~a. 0 von Diiniken ovovvwp[~el

naVTou, ae epyo TeXVll~ Kal naVT6~ efllou~ apxafa ~vll~efa Kal KaTaAoma, unOTI­

ge~eva IlloOTIl~6nAola, Illallp6~ou~ npoaycfwall~ Kal aOTpovauTe~ an6 TO

uncpnepav.

napali&IYl.la 4

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a~ou~, 6nw~ aUT6~ TIl~ pu91O\Jevlle; Iln&fpou ATAavrilla~ Ij, aU~lpwva ~c Til gew­

pfa TOU Hancock, 0 noAlTla~6~ nou av91lac enavw ac ~Ia IpaVTaOTIK~ ~nelpo

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v6T1a OXll~aTf~oVTae; TIlV AVTOPKTIKIj (Hancock, 1995). 01 cnl~aoVTc~ TWV noAI­

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wv Alyumfwv (napa T1Jv Tcpaana XPovlKIj an6OTOOlJ nou TOUe; xwpf~I).

napali&IYl.la 5

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an6 Til Yll- KOI evepyonOlouVTav KOTa TIllllapKclo Illolp6pwv TeAeTwv nou ana-

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ENOTHTA 2.1

OKono,;oav aT'lv avaytvv'l"'1 T'l~ 'I'';O'l~ anoppO'l'IiIVTa~ TOV IjIuxo15uva"lap6

T600 TtOV av8plilnwv nou "cr&lxav aTl~ TcAeTt~ aUTt~, 600 Kal TOU o,;"naVTo~

(Hitching, 1976).

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aE: rrtTplva /3aSpa KaTa IlIjKO<; TII<; rrapaAia<;, warE: va E:{val opaTo{ arra llaKpla.

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arroTeAoUaE: E:llrralSlo (cpov NTO'V/K&V, 1970, a. 194-197).

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Ta nOVTa mav unoTIStliEvO '1A&KTpOllaVV'1Tlalia TOU T6nou: [ ••. J opialltvol av·

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6TI Ta ayaAllaTa IlETaKlvljSIIKav [ .•• J rrEplarpE:rp61lE:va KaTa 180' E:rravw ar/C;

arpoyyuAtc; /3aaE:lC; TOUC;. AUT6 rrpaYllaTIKa IS{VE:I Tl/v EvrUrrwall E:vac; IIAE:KTpOlla­

YVIITIKOU IlllxaVlallou EV EVE:pye{a Iltaa aE: tva rrE:plOplalltvo rrE:lS{o. [ .•• ] EirE [ ••. ]

TO lluarljPIO 9a rrapaIlE{VE:1 aAUTo E:irE: II arraVTI/all /3p{aKE:Tal aE: tva E:vn:AwC; ISla­

rpOPE:TIK6 Err{rrElSo, Kal E:{val rrpoalTIj 1l6vo Iltaw TIIC; rpavTaa{ac; (OrUae and

Orliae, 1995, a. 127-128, IITCPP. auyyp.)

H orro",'1 T'1e; ApxaloAoy,ae; v,a Ta "lIumljpla» TWV Nljawv TOU nOOJ(a E1val 6n

Ta YlyaVTla,a aUTO ayoAliaTa auvlS£oVTal m&vo liE T'1V KOlvwVIKIj ~Olllj TOUe; mo napEA96v: avljKav ma I~IWTIKO I&PO TWV YEVWV lI,ae; IEpapXIKIje; KOlvwvfac;, Kal

aVTmpoawnEuav 9EOUe; Ij, TO nlo nlSav6, 9&onOI'1I1£VOUe; npoy6vouC; (anwe; ap­

X'1youe; cpuAwv Ij OTOlia an6 U"''1Ao KOIVWVIKO mpwllaTa), EKcpPO~OVTae; £Tal T'1

~UVall'1 Kal Ta ya'1Tpa Tau K09E y£vaue;. Ta IIlaaT&A&IWII£Va ayoAliaTa ma AaTa­

IIE,a TOU V'1alOu ~E,xvauv noMa ~lacpopETIKO mO~la EnE~Epyaalae;, nau lIapTu­

pouv nwe; al yAumEe; ~ouA&",av TO K09& oyaAlia En, noMaue; IIljvEe;, XP'101l1onol­

wVTac; anAo A19lva EpyaAEIa. '000 v,a T'1I1ETacpopa TWV ayaAlloTwv an6 Ta AaTo­

lIE1a ma p09pa TOUe;, aUTIj &IvaI naAu m9av6v va £YIV& 11& xplja'1 ~uAlvwv 110-

XAwv, &AKlj9pwv Kal KUAlV~pwv, acpou, aVT,9&Ta ana aUT6 nou mmEuauv al "'&U­

~oapxalaA6yol, ma nap&A96v ~&V unljp~E £M&I"''1 ~uA&lae; mo V'1a,- npoYlia

nou anO~&IKVU&1 T'1 ~UVall'1 TWV IKavoTIjTwv TOU aV9pwnou. H apxalaAoYIKIj

lIapTup,a an6 T'1 Nljao TOU nOOJ(a ~'VEI T'1V EIK6va lI,ae; auvEXoue; naAITlallIKIje;

E~£AI~'1e;, xwp'e; Kav£va fxvoe; ~acpvlKwv E~WTEPIKWV Ij &~wyljlvwv &mppawv

(Orliae and Orllae, 1995).

'law£ Sa ElIQElIE va xaQax"tl]QlaouflE ElIlal]£ «1I'EuooaQxmOAoYla»"tOv "tQOlIO !lE "tOY olIolo XQl]OlflOlIOlljSl]XE I] AQxmoAOYla altO "tOY la"tOQlxo Martin Bernal 010 ~l~A(O"tOU H MavQ1J A!J'lvd: 0, aCPfloaataTlXe, fll!;f<; rov KJ..aatxov [[oAmallOv,

Eva EQYO lIOU E(XE "tEQU01lCt altljXl]OlJ 010 XOlVO xm lO(W£ O"tl£ flauQE£ flElOVO"tl]"tE£ 11]£ AflEQlXlj£ (Bernal, 1987). H flESOOO£, 0flW£, "tOv Bernal Elvm EV"tEAW£ EQaam­XVlXlj xm flEQOAl]lt"tlXlj xm, OlxmoAoYl]!lEVa, '] av"tloQam] "twv aQxmoAoywv =]

8EwQla "tou lj"tav EV"tOV1] (Vermeule, 1996, Lefkowitz-MacLean, 1996). ~lucpoQa

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ENOTHTA 2.1

aQXUlOAOYLXU bE/io~u!va, I ltaQuAA'lAa J.lE CPLAOAOYLXU XaL LcreOQlXU bEboJ.lEva, ESE­~U~OvtaL =0 ~ov Bernal I!sw am .0 YEVlX6cEQO ltAalOLO ~lEOU creo OltOlO EvtUOOO­vtaL, YLU va O"Cl]QLSOUV ~LLa altteavlj 6EwQla, mJ~lcpwva J.lE ~v OltOla 0 aQxalo£ EA­A'lvLXO£ ltOAmOJ.lO£ ljtaV altotEAEOJ.la TIle; xmuxTI10lJ£ XUl 1:0U =OLXlO~LOU .ou Al­yalou Of !lEYUA'l xAl~laxa UltO .ou£ ALyumloue; XUl .oue; «Yxowe;», LUQOltaAUlcrel­VlOUe; '1 <I>OlVLXEe; OXEMv xu6' OAlj TIl bluQxEla ~e; 2'1e; XLAlE~lae; ltX. L~V ltQaY!1a­nxonl1:a, 1:a bEbo!lEva ltOU UltuQXouv bEY Eltlbl!xovtulltaQU !lla Ult)..'l EQILljVEla, on bljAab'l 0 aQXUlOEAAljVLXOe; ltOAmOJ.lOe; EivaL 1:0 alt01:EAWJ.la 1:axnxwv blaouv­bEoEwv XaL OUVaAAuywv avUJ.lEOa creoue; ItOAmaILOUe; 1:0U Alyulou =0 ~ J.llCtltAEU­QU XaL TIle; ALyVTITOU XUl TIle; avmoALxlj<; MWOYElOU =0 ~v UAAlj' OL EltacpEe; aU1:Ee; BUltQEltEL va Eixav =O~EL wcpEAL!lEe; OE OAOUe; oam OUIl!lE1:Eixav OE uU'Co.o «bLE­BVEe;» xAi!la XaL ~E~aLa, aValt0cpEUX1:a, 6u EltljQEuoav XaL OQlO!lEVEe; ESEALSELe; O"Cl]v EAAulia.

4paaT .... ploT .... Ta 2/K&cpaAalo 2

ME f3uOl] 6'10 avacptpa~E ~tXPI Twpa, npocmaBriOTE va nEplypuljJETE Emypa~~aTlKU (OE

nEpinou 60 At~EIC;) TO Kupm xapaKTlJpIOTlKU Tl]C; «ljJEu(5oapXOloAoyCac;".

3. H AQXUloAoYla OEV EXEl xaJ.lla OXEOlJ !IE ne; «uvaaxacpE<;» ltOU OlESUYovtUl =0 lOleinEe; '1 UltO E1WYYEAIla1:IEe; aQXaLOXan'lAOUe;. AUTOU TOU El/ioue; OL avuoxacpEe; Ei­VUlltUQUVO!lEe; XaL EI;UlQE1:lxU xUtacreQOcpLXEe; YLa .oue; aQXUloAOYLXOUe; XWQoue;' YlVOvtaL XWQle; xaVEVU mJOTlj!la XUl OUVIOTavtaL creo tUxalO UVOLY!IU !ILae; OElQUe; oQuY~l(hwv. Movablxoc; OXOltOC; 1:WV «avaoxacpwv» aUTWV ElVaL '1 avaxUAuljJlj uQ­xalwv EQYWV 1:EXV'l£ XaL UvtlxELJ.lEVWV !IEYUA'l£ OUAAEXtLX'je; ul;lue;, xmu ItQOTlllllOlI XQuowv, 1:a Oltola xa1:uA'lYouv El1:E OE LOlwnxEe; OUAAOYEe; El1:E creo Aa6QEILltOQLO aQXUlO1:lj1:WV (ltOU OUOtUXWe; yvwQ~EL !IEYUA'I uv6'10l1 1:a 1:EAEUtala XQOVlCt). To UltOTI!AEO!lU EIVUL on 1:a uvtLxEIJ.lEva UltOOltwvtUl =01:0 aQXlxo 1:0Ue; ltEQl~UAAOV, ((lt0 TO YEVLX01:€QO ltOAmOltlXo ltAalmO creo 01l0l0 q1UmoAoYlxa EvtUOOOV1:Ul XaL EWl OlltA'lQOqlOQlEC; 1l0U ElVaL buvmov va J.lac; owaouv IlEaw .ou llAaLOIOU TOUe; au­TOU, OXEnXU!l€ TIlv xOLvwvLa XaL 1:0Ue; av6Qwltoue; 1l0U 1:a xmaoxEuaaav, xuvovtm YLa llUvtu.

napa~£IYl.la 6

Ta naaiyvwara KuKAa151Ka Ell5wAla, Ta neplaa6T£pa an6 Ta onoCa ~p8av aro

q>w~ IItaw Ao8pafwv Kal 6XI Enicnll'WV apxaloAoYIKWV OVOaK0cpwv, Eival an6 Ta

mo auv'I81alltva aVTIKEflleva apxalOKan'lAia~ ar'lV EMal5a. To anortAEalla Ei­

val 6TI Ta ell5wAlo aura &ivaI TWPO neplaa6rEpo yvwara y,a T'IV TepaOTla KoMI-

I Ta tJc()o/AivQ ciVUI curo T1] BOlwria, Tl; MVX~jvE; ().axxotJdEl~ rei,(fm mr6 roy BaCJIA.lxri llC(JtpOAO A), 11] Btjga (Ol rOlxoye(1,(pic~). "C't/V K01;r'tJ (ra Iuvwlxa (l.vcixroea), X(l.(}w~ "ell TO vavdyw tva.; €jl1CO(JIXOT;

;rA.oiov av(Jtmul; :1fpoiA.€vCJ'I];. XClIIIC(Jlxci (l.VWCCt;ICVU "at mr£nwv"atl~ Itt 1feot).rvCT7J TO Alyato .rrau fJeiFh]X(lV ur1]v Ai).v.:rrro xal 11]V Ava1o.hi fj. avnargO<pax;. avnxCljlEValte ;rQoiAevC171 11]V AiyvJCTO xat 11JV AI'a1oA'tj 1roU aV(lxo).v({lfh}xav aro AlYaio.

KE<IlAIIA IO

71

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72

ENOTHTA 2.1

T£XVIK~ TOU~ a~ia, napa v,a TO p6Ao nou tnal~av I'taa aT'Iv KOlvwvia nou Ta CP'­AOTtXV'la£ - y£yov6~ nou lI£iXV£1 n6ao KaTaaTP£mIKt~ Kal, £nol'tvw~, £X9PIKt~

£ival v,a T'IV ApxaloAoyia 01 Aa9pavaaKacpt~.

4paaT ... pIOT",Ta 3/K&cpaAalo 2

rVWp(~ETE 6Ma napaiSe(y~aTa apxa(wv aVTIKEI~tvoov" "S'lcraupwv .. nou txouv anOKTT]SE(

KOI E(VOI YVooaTO aTO KOIVO ~ecra ano haSpa(E~ avacrKacpe~ IiSlooTWV " aPXOlOKon'lhoov; eo ~pE(Te TIl iSIK" ~a~ EviSelKTIK" anoVTTlOll aTO napoPTll~a, aTO Teho~ TOU KEcpaha(ou.

'AaK ... a ... AuToa~loAoY ... a ... .; 1/K&cpaAalo 2

nOlO~, KaTO TIl yvw~'l cra~, e(vOI 0 KUPIO~ hOyO~ Yla TOV ono(o 01 haSpa(E~ avacrKacpe~ ap­

xa(oov EUP'l~OTooV aVTIT(SEVTOI CTTIlV APXOlohoy(a; EmM~Te TIl crooaT" anoVTTlOll ano T1~

aKohouSE~:

A. 'OTQV 01 haSpa(E~ avacrKacpe~ npay~QTOnOlOUVTOI ano enaYYEh~aT(E~ apXOIOKOn'l­

hOU~, TO Eup,,~aTa iSev Y(VOVTOI YVooaTO aTO KOIVO, E~OYOVTQI aTO E~ooTEPIKO, KOI ~a~(

TOU~ "E~OYOVTOI" KOI XOVOVTOI TQUToxpova 0 nOh!T!cr~o~ KOI '1 IaTOPIK" TaUTOTllTa TIl~

xwpa~ npoeheucri)~ TOU~.

B. 01 haSpavacrKacpe~ anoyu~vwvouv TOU~ apXOIohoYIKOU~ xwpou~ ano TO nEpIEXO~EVO

TOU~ KOI npOKahOUV ~'l~Ie~ aTa apxa(a ~V'l~eia KOI aTa EUp"~QTa, n.x. crno~ouv KaTO TIlV

aveupEcri) TOU~ tl KQTQTE~ax(~oVTOI Yla va iSlEUKOhUv9ei '1 ~ETQCPOPO "/KOI '1 nWhllcri) TOU~.

r. AUTO nou ~ETpOEI aTI~ avacrKacpe~ aUTOu TOU Tunou eivOI TO (iSIO TO apxa(o EUp'l~a, Yla

TIl xp'l~aTlK" "TIlv OIcr9'lTIKr; TOU a~(a, KOI 0XI '1 SeOll TOU ~ecra aTO nEpI~6Mov' TOU TO

TEhEUTQ(O KaTampecpETOI KOI ~E aUTO TOV Tpono napaKOOhUETOI '1 croom" avacrKacp"

TooV apXOIOhOYIKWV Xwpoov KOI, KQT' EneKTaOll, '1 yvwOIl nou anoppeEI ano aUTi)v.

tJ.. TtTOIou eiiSou~ EvepyelE~ eivOI EyoolmlKe~ KOI aVTIKolvoovIKe~: e~Un'lpETOuV npocroomKo

cru~cpepoVTa Kal 0XI TO cru~<pepOVTOU KOIVooVIKOU crUVOhOU.

eo ~peiTe TIl croocrTi) anoVTTlOll aTO napoPTll~a, aTO Teho~ TOU KE<paha(ou.

4. H AQXaLo).,0ylu .lev E(VaL Ult).,Wt; flLU UVU01tUCPl1ttj OQUOTllQlOt1]·W, OTllv OltOIU

EmOIOOVTaL UV9QWltOL ltEQIEQYOL, OX0).,UOTl1tO( 1taL flOVOflUVEIt;, OL OltOIOL acplEQw­

vouv t1] !;wtj 'tOUt; OTl1V avao1tacptj TooV EltlflEQOUt; OTOLXELWV -<JltUVlWV 1taL flll- ltOU

OUV9ETOUV Evav aQXu(o ltO).,moflo. 0 flUSOt; aUTot; t1]t; AQXaLo).,0yLat; Wt; ouvwvu-

1"1]t; flE t1]v uva01tacptj ltQO~U).,).,ETaL UltO Ta flu9lOToQtjfla-.:a, 'ta flEoa fla!;l1tI]t; EVll­

flEQWOt]t; XaL TIt; YE).,OIoYQacpLEt;.

nap6li&IYlla 7

Eival YVWaTt~ 01 y£Aoloypacpl£~ nou an£IKov(~OUv n_x. auv~9w~ TOV apxolo­

A6yo aov Y'lpal6 Kal £KK£VTPIK6 aocp6 1'£ £vllul'aala £~£p£UV'1T~ va ~£eap£I, Ka­

Ta npOTII''Ia'll'taa aT'1V alyunTlaK~ tp'lI'O Kal KaTW an6 T'1 aKla TWV nupal'l­

IIwv, n£pI£pya aVTIK£lI'£va ~ aKaTav6'1T£~ £noypacpt~_

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ENOTHTA 2.1

ApaCFT'lPIC)Y'lTa 4/K£cpaAalo 2

Mc ~OOT] TTlV CVOTTlTa 2.1. KOVTC Evav KarOAoyo TWV IJuSWV nou cmKparouv ncpi APXOlOko­

yiae; (ncpinou 100 M~Cle;). ea oae; XPT]OlI-lCUoCI we; ~OOT] nou Sa I-InOpciTC va Cl-lnkOUTi~ETE

Ev60w Sa IJEkETOTC TO unokomo Kc<pokalo KQlllliwe; TT]V CVOTTlTa 2_3. EnioT]e;. av EXCTE

EVToniocl Konolo OT]I-IEio aro onoio IIla<pwvEiTE. amokoyTjOTE ypamwe; TTlv onotjlTj oae; IJE

000 mo TEKIJT]PIWI-IEVO Tpono IJnOpciTc.

npoanaStiOTE TWPO va TOnoBETTlSEiTE KPITIKO. oc nEpinou 200 M~Ele;. anEvaVTI OTT] YVWIJT]

nou c(xaTE Yla TT]V APXQlokoyia nplv ano Tllv avoyvwOT] TOU KEIIJeVOU Tile; EVOTIlTae; 2. 1.

EniOT]e;. eMY~TE av TO arOlxcia nou OU""E~aTE ano <p"'-oue; ti yvwaroue; oae; (lIpaOTT]pIOTTl­

Ta l/Kc<pOAQlO 2) aVTIOTOlXoUV IJE Konolov ano TOUe; l-IuSOUe; nou ava<pepoVTOl OTT]v EVOTTl­

Ta aUTt']. Eov tXETE va oUIJn"-'lpwoETE Kml. yp6tjlTE TO IJE 600 TO lIuvarov mo oa<pti Tpono.

KE<PAAAIO

73

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74

EVOTllTQ 2.2

H IIPOEAEYLH TOY MY90Y

Os mlYES ltQOEAEVatlS "tOlV ltQoxmUA1]l/!EOlV 0XE.LXU [tE "IV AQxmOAOYlU, ltOV ESE"tUOU~lE mllV ltQ01]Y011[tEVll Evonrra, [tltOQOUV vu uvu<pEQBouv OL EMs "tQElS: 1. H uQXmoAu"tQlU I] uQxmoyvOlolU, onlY OltOlU EXEl"tlS Qt1;ES "t1]S 1] AQxmoAoYlu xm UVu<pEQE"tm mo 1,;Ol1]QO EVOlU<PEQOV "tOlV EVQOlltUlOlV EVYEVWV xU"tu .ov 160-180 mwvu Y'U"to UQXUlO ltUQEABov xm Y'U '1J ovAAoylj uQxmO"tlj.Olv, lOlOlS EAA1]VO­QOl[tU"lxWV. Av.o ElXE OVVEltELU nl OVotl][tmLxlj oUA1]Ol] uQxmoAoYlxWV XWQOlV El­.E ano EltuYYEA[tmlES uQxmOXUlt1]AOVS, OL OltOlOL ltQo~LljBEVUV.O E[tltOQLO uQxm­mlj"tOlv, El'E, ltLO OltUVlU, ano "toVS lOlOVS "toVS EVYEVElS-OVAAEX.ES· OL .EAEV.UlOL ltQoE~mvuv m1] oUAI10l] oQmwv ~LV1][tElOlV nlS AQxmo'1]'us lj OE uVUOXU<pES ltOV EX.EAouvmv VltO nlv mYlou "toVS. ~ns «uVUOXU<PES», O~lOlS, UV.ES, OL OltOlES OVVl­muV"to mllv UltAI] OlUVOLS1] OQVWU"tOlV xm Ol]QUYYOlV, OEV xmuYQu<poV"tuv OL BE­OELS EUQEOlIS "tOlV UV"tlXEl[tEVOlV OU.E xm II OXEOl] "toVS [tE"tO EOU<pOS ltOV m ltEQlE­PUAAE xm, xmu OVVEltELU, "tu EVQlhLmu OEV I]'UV ovvmov vu EV"tuXBouv mo ltOAl­nO[tLxo "toVS ltAUlOlO.

napaC5&IVl.la 8

H '~''''T'Krj ouMoyoj TOU ~,a"'1~ou ouMtKTI'] yAunTrilv TI']~ KAamKrj~ APXa,6TI']­

Ta~ Charles Townley. To ~cyaAllTcpo ~tpo~ TI']~ ouMoyoj~ ayopaOTI']KC an6 TOV

Townley OTI']V ITaAia an6 TO 1768 Ka, ~cTa, ouXVa an6 avaoKacpt~ nou i5,c~ayc>­

VTav OTa ncplx"'pa TI']~ Pril~I']~, Ka, CKTt81']KC OTI']V KOTo'Kla TOU, I'] onola ty,vc y,a

TO A6yo aUT6 tva an6 Ta a~,08taTa TOU l\ovi5lvou. MCTa TO 8avaTO TOU Townley,

TO 1805, I'] ouMoyrj ncp'rjA8c OTI']V ,~,oKTI']oia TOU BpCTav'Kou Mouocfou.

napaC5&IVl.la 9

H napavo~I'] acpalpCOl'], KaTa Ta nprilTa xp6v,o TOU 190u a,rilvo Ka, cvril I'] EA­

ACii5a Pp,oK6Tav aK6~I'] KelT", an6 TOV 08",~av'K6 ~uy6, T"'V yAunTrilv TOU nap8c­

vrilva OTI']V A8ojva, aMa Ka, TOU yAunTOU i5,aKoa~ou TOU «01']oaupou TOU ATptO»

OT'~ MUKojvc~, an6 TOV ~,aol']~o 'AyyAo ouMtKTI'] A6pi5o Elgin (51. Clair, 1999).

napaC5&IVl.la 10

H ouAI']ol'] TI']~ apxala~ n6AI']~ HpaKAc,a (KaT'" ImAia) KaTa TO 1710 KOI TO

1748 ~to", «avaoKacprilw nou CKTcAto81']KaV aVTIOTo,xa un6 TI']V a'Yli5a TOU npI­

YKona TOU Elboeuf (pc oKon6 va c~nAOUT,08cf I'],i5''''T'Koj TOU ouMoyoj ~C tpya

TtXVl']~) Ka, an6 TOV KapoAo r', pao,A,a T"'V J),UO I'KcA,rilv (~c oKon6 va i5,aKC>-

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ENOTHTA 2.2 -0~1'I9cf TO aVaKTOpO TI'I~ N&anoAI'I~ ~C apxaia KaMITCXVIKa apIOToupy~~aTa).

KaTa TI~ "ovaOKacpt~. aUTt~ lIcv tYIVC Ka~ia npaano9&la va KOTaypacpcf 1'1 aPXI­

K~ 9tO/'l TWV &UP'l~OTWV' l!iiw~ OTIC; avaOKacptc; TOU 1749 (R&B: 23), 01 cpyaT&~,

nou ~Tav papunolviT&~, avol~av opuy~aTa Kal KOTaoKcuaaav oKaAonaTla Kal

KcKAI~tva cninclia ~tao OTOV apxaloAoYIK6 xwpo ~tXPI pa90uc; 8 ~hpwv.

nap0l)&IVl.la 11

H auO"TI'I~OTIK~ ouAI'IO/'I, ~!i'l an6 TOV 160 alwva, TWV CTpaUOKIKWV vCKpaTa­

cpc[WV, TO anoia ncplcfxav ~cyoAcC; n006T'ITCe; K&pa~IKWv ayycfwv, noMa an6

TO anoia ~Tav OTTIKO TOU SOU n.X. alwva.

2. Ta !LEOa ltal;Lxlj£ EV'I\ItEQWO'l\£ ItQO~UAAOUV auvtjBw£ It0VO ~L£ auyxAovlmlxE£ uQXmOAoYlXE£ uvuxaM"'El£ XaL ~v mo «XElQOltlUmtj» ItAEUQU nl£ AQxmoAoyCw;, 011AaOtj ~v uvuaxa<ptj , 1] OltoCU 8EwQEhaL XaL II mo yOll~EU"Xtj Xal UIIEOl] EItltEl­QCu, urpou «CPEQVEl OTO cpw, 'to ItUQEABow.

nap0l)&IVl.la 12

McplKi!C; ana TI~ "cyaAUtcpc~ Kal TI~ RIO cVTunwolaKt~ avaKaAuljlCI~ OTI'IV

IOTopia T'IC; ApxalaAoyiae;, nou tTUxav &KT&Ta~tvl'lC; KaAUIjII'IC; an6 TO 1I1ocpopa ~t-

00 ~a~IK~C; &VIl~tpwOf1C;, ~Tav 01 c~~~: TOV 190 alwvo, 0 aaauplaK6c; noAnIOJl6~ (apxaia McoonoTa~ia), 1'1 opXafo Tpoia, 0 ~uKl'lvaiK6c; nOAITIOJl6c; (MUK~VCC; Kal

Tfpuv90) TOV 200 alwva, 0 ~lvwIK6C; naAfTlo~6c; (KpijTIl), 0 TOCPoc; TOU TOUTayxo­

~wv (Aiyumoc;), 01 paOlAIKoi Tacpol TIl~ IaAa~rvac; (Kunpoc;), 01 TOCPOI an6 T'IV apo

xaia IKu9fa, 0 TOCPoc; TOU CIIIAinnou (Bcpyiva), TO Tcpaano KTiPlo Tile; Tou~nac; ~c

TOV nAouolo limA6 Tacpo OTO i\cuKaVTi (Eujlola), TO an~Aola OTIC; 9toclC; Altamira

Kal Lascaux Kal, RIO np6acpaTa, OTII 9tall Chauvet TIlC; raMfac; ~c TIe; noAal6Tc­

pc~ TOlxoypacpicc; OTOV K6OJl0 (30.000 xp6vwv), 01 npo-'lvKa nAouOlol Tacpol OTO

Slplln Ka, TO Siclln (ncpou), 0 Tacpo~ TOU npwTou Klvt~ou aUToKpoTopa Qin

Shihuangdi ~c TO ncpinou 7.000 n~A'va ayoA~aTo cppaupwv, 0 «).v9pwno~ TWV

noywv» an6 nc; ).AnclC; Kal oAA&C;.

3. H Clila 1] AQXalOAOYCU EtlBUVE~al EltCOl], W, EVU ~a8lto Yla u£ EOcpaAItEVE£ UV'tl­l-.tj",El£ TOU XOLVOU Yl' amt]v, 1t0U ~l£ <JIJVlO'tOUV EllilxmEQu: a) H EnEl"'1] EltuQxou£ EV1]!IEQW01]£"IOU XOLVOU (11(0 TOUS; CIiLOUS; 'tou, UQXatOAO­

YOUS; Yla 'to aXQI~E£ UV'tlXElItEVO 'tou EQYOU 'tou£. '000, O!'W£, "IO XOLVWVlXO aU­VOAO ltuQa!IEVEl OXEnxu (1!(A1]QOCPOQ1]'to YIU ~v AQXaLOAOYCU, ~ooo ELvaL EX~E-8El!lEVO O'tou£ IilUrpoQOU£ ltuBou£ 1t0U XUXAoqlOQOUV YL' uunjv XaL ElVUL ouvmov vu nlv lIUQES11ytjOEl.

P) 0 EQUOl~EXVLOItO£ Xal 0 ~UXOlilWX'tLO!lOS; lIOU xaQax'tljQltuv uuxva 'tllIiQUO'tl1-Qlonl~a ~WV lIQWTOlV aQxmol-.oyOlv. M1]v EXOV'tU£ 0't1] olu8EOlj "IOU, !LEBoliou£ XaL TEXVlXE£ lIOU O'tl£ !lEQE£ Ita£ 8EOlQOUV'taL IiElioItEVE£ xat SEXlVWV'tU£ !lE XLV!]-

KE<llAAA IO 2

75

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76

ENOTHTA 2.2 ____ . __________ -=.c~ _______ _ _ ~

TQU EVTEAW£ liLucpoQETLl<a U1l0 ULna TOlV uQJ(atOMyOlv Tl]£ O'llItEQLV~£ mOJ(I]£,

1l0AAOl U1l0 TOU£ lIQWTOU£ uQJ(atoMyou£ EKUVUV llQOJ(ElQE£ Kat ~lUOl:lKE£ UVU­

OKUCPE£, IilVOVTU£ EltcpUO'll OE OQl0ItEVU 1t0VO, mo <<1lQOVOfllOUJ(U» (mo «EVTUlIOl­

OLUKa» ~ mo «EvlilUCPEQOVTU»), EUQ~ltaTU ~ OUYKEKQLflEVE£ UQJ(atOAOYLKE£ llE­

Qloliou£ El£ ~aQo£ ~E~atU aAAOlV, 1l0U KUTnOTQECPOVTUV.

y) H llQOKaTaAl]t/Jl] ~ I] TaO'll yw EVTUllOlOLU0ItO ~ UKOfLl] Kat l]ItUSOflUVlU, flE EVTO­

VU TU OTOLJ(ElU Tlj£ llEQL1lEtElU£, TOU l]QOlLOItOU, Tlj£ CPUVTUOlU£, KUSW£ Kat TOU at­

OSl]tlOILOU yw TljV 1l0MTlILl] UAl] ~ Tlj 1t0QCP~ tOu EUQ~ltaTO£ Kat TOU «OUyKLVl]OlU­

KOU EKOTUOLaOItOU» (ZWl]£, 1990,0. 108), 1l0U J(UQUK~Qlf;uv 1l0AAOU£ =0 TOU£

lIQWTOU£ uQJ(atoMyou£ - Kat 1l0U, OUOTUJ(W£, OEV llUUOUV vu J(UQUKTljQ[f;OUV, UV

Kat BEBatu OE ItLKQOtEQO ~u81t0, Kat uQJ(atoMyou£ Tlj£ E1l0J(1}£ ItU£. ~uJ(va, UK6-

Itl] Kat OTL£ ItEQE£ ItU£, 1il]ItOOLEUOVTat =0 uQJ(atoMyou£ EVTUlIOlOlUKa J(QOVLKa

(ItE o,n auto ouvmaYETat EmOTljflOVLKa), llQOKElltEVOU VU LKUVOllOLl]8El TO EV­

OlUCPEQOV "tl]£ KOlV1}£ yvWfLll£. ME uu"tO TOV "tQ01l0 Ol]ItLOUQYOUVTat Kat OTl] CPU­

VTUOlU TOU K00It0U IiLacpOQOL ItUSOL YlU TljV AQJ(atOAOYlU KUl TOU£ UQJ(UlOU£ 110-

ALn°It°U£.

t.w~aO"tE "tWQU Tn nUQUIiElyltUTn 13-16 Kat"tl] MEAE"tl] nEQllltOJOl]£ 2 600v

ucpoQa Tn O'llItElU (~) Kat (y).

napa~&IYlla 13

o A.H. Layard, 0 npolTon6poe; TIJe; ~£aonoTa~laK~e; ApxaloAoyiae;, ~taa a£ ~6vov t~1 xp6vla (~ETa~u 1845 Kal 1851) tq>£p£ aTO q>we; TOV aacruplaK6 noAITI­

a~6. KaTo TIe; avaaKaq>te; TOU, 0 Layard li£v npotPIJ a£ Ka~ia cruaTlJ~aTIKI\ £~£­pEUVlJalJ TWV apxaloAOYIK';'V X';'pwv OUT£ a£ KaTaypaq>~ TWV EUPIJ~OTWV, aMo

cruYKtVTpwae 6AIJ TOU TIJV npoaoxl\ aTlJv avaKaAu"'lJ, «~£ ~Ia 600 TO liuvaT6v ~I­

Kp6T£PIJ lianavlJ XP6vou KG! Xp~~aTOe;", «TOU ~£yaAUT£pou liuvaTOU apl8~ou tp­

ywv TtXVIJe;" ~£ npoopla~6 TO Bp£TaVIK6 Moua&io TOU Aovliivou. na TO aKon6

aUT6v, XPlJal~onoilJa& £VTEA';'e; npwT6yov£e; aVaaKaq>IKte; ~£86lioue;: noAuapl8-

~Ee; O~OliEe; £pyaT';'v ovol~av, ~£ £~G!p£TIKO ypljyopo pu8~6, Taq>pOUe; Ij aljpay­

yEe; KaTa ~IjKoe; TWV Toixwv TWV aacruplaK';'v avaKT6pwv KG!, arr6 TIJV nAlJ8';'pa

TWV £UPIJ~aTWV, nEplauMtx8IJKaV ~6vo Ta avoyAuq>a Kal ayaA~aTa (R&B: 30),

tV';' Ta un6Aoma £uplj~aTa £YKaTaA£iq>8IJKaV Kal KaTaaTpaq>IJKav. ITIJ auvt­X£la, 0 Layard npotPIJ aTlJv nAwTlj ~£Taq>opo TWV mo a~16Aoywv aaauplaK';'v

yAum';'v £navw a£ ox£liia ~taw TOU nOTa~ou TiYPIJ (nplv an6 TIJV anoaToAIj

TOUe; aTlJv AVVAia), npay~a nou tliwa£ aTlJv apxaloAOYIKIj TOU EKaTpaT£ia tva tVTOVO aTolX£io n£plITtTElae;. To aTolX£io aUT6 Tovia8IJKE £rrialJe; IlilaiT£pa ~taa

an6 TIe; napaaTaTIKte; n£plypaq>te; TWV PlpAiwv nou typa",E ~ETtnEITa 0 ililoe; 0

Layard Kal arrOTEAouaav £v ~tPEI apxoloAOYIKte; lilJ~oal£ua£le; Kal £v ~tPEI nE­

PIIT£T£I';'IIEIe; laTopf£e;. To plpAia aUTO npoKoA£aav TOV £v80uCJIa~6 TOU KOIVOU

Kal yv';'plaav T£pOaTla £~nopIKIj £mTUxia.

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ENOTHTA 2.2

nopall&IYIlO 14

o A. Evans, 0 apxaloAoyoc; nou, lI&Ta~U 1900 Kal 1906, topepc aro opw<; TOV 11'­

VCoIIKO noAlTlallo T~e; Kp~T~e;, tilColac aroue; illaopopoue; xwpoue; TOU avaKTopou

T~e; KVCoIaou opaVTamlKa ovollaTa (onCole; AiBouaa TOU 0povou, Xwpoe; KaBap­

IIWV, AfBouaa TCoIV ~JnAwv ncAtKcColV, ~laIlEp.alla T~e; BaafAlaaae;). AKOAouBw­

VTae; ntplaaoTtpo TO youma Kal TIe; apXITtKTOVIKEe; IItBoiloue; T~e; tnOX~e; TOU

(tnoXJj T~e; TtxvoTponiae; Art Nouveau ar'lv Eupwn~), napa li,a au~pa tnrar~-

1I0VIKJj 11£9050, 0 Evans npotP'l ar'lv avacmJAc.JafI CK p6BpColv TOU IIIVColIKou ava­

KTOpOU (II£XPI uljloue; TPIWV OPOopColV) KavoVTae; CKT&TaIlEv~ xp~a~ TallltVTou Kal

Olil~pwv i50Kwv, KaBwe; Kal ~ opaVTa)(T£pl\ (Kal oX. xCoIpfe; paOlKa AaB~ CPII'lvci­

ae;) avanapaaraOfl TCoIV TOlxoypaoplwv TOU avaKTopou, cnrpaMoVTae; £Tal T'I 151-

K~ TOU cliluMlaKI\ Kal pollaVTIKI\ clKova cvoe; Clp~vlKau noAlTlapou.2 TEAae;, OTIe;

ilpallaT'Kte; ncp.ypaopte; TCoIV avaKaAUljltwv TOU ac ~tvce; cop~lItpiilee;, 0 Evans

nopouaia~e TIe; OUVTapaKTIKte; arlYllte; T~e; avaaKaop~e;, TOV'~C ypaoplKte; AcmOo

IIEpeICe; T~e; ~CoII\e; TCoIV apxaloA6yColv Ka. TIle; ~CoIlje; ar~v KpJjTll YCVIKO, napa9ETOo

VTae; cnia~e; CIKOVCe; an6 c~CoITIKa Tonfa TOU v~aJou. 'OA' aUTa tixav c~aljlCI T~

cpaVTaaia TOU KOIVOU Ka. illEyc.pav TOV tv9oualaapo TOU (Farnoux, 1996).

nap6ll&IYIlO 15

01 ncplypaopte; iluo IIcyaACoIv avaKaA"IjIcColV ana illaa'lIlOUe; apxaloAoyoue;

txouv xapax9ci ~ IIvrjll~ TOU KOIVOU.

1.0 apxaloA6yoe; Howard Carter ncp.typaljlc T~ arlYlI1\ T'Ie; avaKaAUIjI~e; TOU

Tacpou TOU opapow TouTavxallwv (R&B: 60-61) IIc Ta c~rje; A6Yla: .na li,a OTIYIlIj

-nou nptncl va cpaV'lKC li,a a1Colv16T~Ta ar~ue; aMoue; nou ncplllcvav aro nAcu­

p6 110 .... Ellt.va avaui5oe;' TOTt 0 Aopi50e; Carnarvon pWTllOC lit aYCoIvfa: -BAtntle;

TInoTc; -Nal, anaVT~aa, KaTanA'IKTIKa npayllaTa ..... (Thomas, 1989).

2. 0 Ka8~y~TI\e; Mav6A~e; Avilp6vlKOe; npotP'l ac 11'0 c~faou cVTunColalaKI\

ncplypaoprj TOU XPOVIKOU T'Ie; avaKaAUIjI~e; TOU .Tacpou TOU C\>.Afnnou .. ar~ BcpYl­

va. napo9£ToulIC tva an6<nTaalla: Tein: ciilal'c Kon nou t!Tav a4waro va 'Pavra·

arW [ ••. ]: 1'.0 oAoxpuaT/ AopvoKa I'e tva C"'{JAT/TIKO ovoyAu'Po ampI oro KoAul"

1'0 TT/". TT/ {JyoAol'e ano TIl aopKo'P6yo [ ... ]KOI rqv oyo/~al'''' Ta I'ona 6ACoIv OVO/­

~ov 4/0nAoTo Kal T/ ovanvot! 1'0" e/xc Kon"r. [ ... ] NlwSal'e TT/V avoYKT/ va {JYo"I'''

oro 'PCoI" va ovonveuaoul''' KoSap6 aytpa. 'Orov {JptST/Ka t~CoI, [ ••• ] oroST/Ka 1'0-

VOXO" Y'o 1"0 orlYl't!, va auvtASCoI ono TO anian:uro Stapa. [ •.• ] no npWTT/ 'Popo

tV/Colao I',a 4UVOTt! avoTpIxiAa, KOTI aov T/ACKTPIKO p"upo va 41an"pvo TT/ POXo­

KOKKO"'O pou. Av Aomov T/ XpovoAoyio [ .•. ]Kal av auro t!roy {JaOlAIKo Aeil/lovo[ .•. ]

rOTc[ ..• ] "(Xa KpaTtjael ora xtpla pou Ta ooro TOU C\>IAinnou; 'Hrov rpopaxrlKo,

ailuvoTo va TO aVTt~el 0 vou" I'ou (Avilp6VIKoc;, 1984, a.73).

2 H £t)(riva avnj iX£I (l.QXfOEll·(l. (I.)upwP'ITfirut, U~l(uf;' ,'frrI n~ OX£TIX(l. rr(!60tpan:~, al' xat at }'tynAn jJaH)lO avwr6b£tXrf~, avaxa).vtj'ct; axoTClJjlivwv Hat acpaYJdvwv avfJ(Jrimwv (av(}(}W;rOOv(1iE~,') (TCt] Hi­ml AVEJlomnj),m Xal at lun xarOlxia BLl T'1; Kl'waou avr(armxa.

KE<IlAAAIO

77

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78

ENOTHTA 2.2

nap6li&IY\.Ia 16

IT'~ i5£Ka£Ti£~ 1960-1970, 'l apxa,oA6yo~ M. Guarduccl £iX£ n£,a8£f 6T' ava­

KaAUIjI£ TOV Tacpo TOU AnoOT6Aou ntTpoU OTO BaT'Kav6, £vw noo np6acpaTa, TO

1995, lI,a £paa'Ttxv'l~ apxa,oA6yo~ avaKoivwa£ £an£uaptva OTOU~ i5'lIlOa,o­

ypacpou~ 6T1 £iX£ (lp£, TOV Tacpo TOU M£yaAou AA£~avi5pou IItaa a£ lI,a a'yum,a­

K~ 6aOlJ.

M&A&T'l n&pimwa'lC; 2

01 avaaKacpfc; TOU H. Schllemann

o H. Schllemann, 0 i5,aa'lIlO~ aUToi5ii5aKTo~ apxa,oA6yo~ nou tcp£p£ OTO

cpw~ T'lV apxaia Tpoia (OT'l BtOlJ TOU OIJII£P'VOU X,aapAiK, B~ ToupKla), naox'a&

va 'lpwono,~a£, TOV £auT6 TOU nAaBoVTa~ TO IIUBo £v6~ OT£P'llltvou na,i5,ou

nou lI£yaAwa£ 11£ TO 6v£,po va avaKaAuIjI£, KanOT£ T'lV OIl'lP'Koj Tpoia. 'Ey,v£

tva~ nAoua,o~ £noX£,p'lIiOTia~ Ka" alltaw~ lI£Ta, i5£v I5iOTaa& ya I5anaYoja&' T'lV

n£p,ouaia TOU aKa(loVTa~, w~ aUToi5ii5aKTo~ apxa,oA6yo~, OT'lY 1BaK'l, T'lV ap­

xaia Tpoia Ka, T'~ MUK~V£~, 11£ npwTonop,aK6 naVTa nv£ulla Ka, 11£ oi5'ly6 TOY

·OIl'lPO. M£ OPK£Toj npOKaTaA'lljl'l, II£Aoi5pallaT,all6 Ka, cpaVTaaia, nou II£P'Kt~

cpopt~ ayy,;;& Ta 6p,a T'l~ acptA£,a~, 0 Schllemann aUVTolia avaKoivwv£ 6T' £IX£

(lp£' TO avaKTOpo Ka, T'lV T£cppoi56xo TOU Oi5uaata OT'lv 1BaK'l, TO B'laaup6 Ka,

TO ayaKTOpo TOU np,allou OT'lV apxaia Tpola, aK611'l Ka, T'l (V£Kp'K~) lIaOKa TOU

Ayalltllvova OTI~ MUKojV£~.

ITIlV KOPUtptl TOU 6pou~ AIlT6~ [OT'lY IBaK'l], [ ••• ] "pwTa t{JaAa TOU~ Ttaa£pl~

epyoTe~ va aKoljlouv OTII SA ywvia, 6"ou u"tgeaa 6TI op9wv6Tav II "epitpllJlIl

clIO - TO 6ev6po a,,6 TO 0"0(0 0 06uaaea~ etpTla~e TO vutplK6 TOU Kpe{JOTI [ .•• ].

Evw 01 epy6T£~ pOU tlTOV a"aoxoAqpevol pe aUTtj Tllv avaaKatptl, e~eTaaa 6Ao TO

Xwpo TOU avaKT6pou TOU 06uaaea. AvaKoAuljla yupw OTa e(Koal ayye(a [ ..• ] aA­

Ao, 6UOTUXW~, A6yw TIl~ aKA/lp6TIlTa~ TOU e60tpou~ Kal TIl~ tAAelljlll~ TWV KaToA­

AqAwvepyaAe(wv, eanaaa Ta "eplaa6T£pa a,,6 aUTO 6"w~ Ta e{Jya{a a"o TIl Yll,

Kal p,,6peaa va 61aawaw p6vo "eVTe ae KaAtj KaTOOTaall. [ .•• ] 'OAa aUTO Ta ay­

ye(a tlTav yepoTa a,,6 Til OTO}(Tll Kapevwv av9pw"wv. [ .•• ] E(val apKeTO mBav6 6TI

peaa OTa "eVTe pOU ayye(a KpaTW Til OTOPII TOU 06uaaea Ka, TIl~ nlveA6,,"~,

Kal TOU "a1610u TOU~! [ .•• ] To peallpepl [ .•• ] Ka9t1aape va tpope [ ..• ] OT/lv auAt! TOU

avaKT6pou TOU 06uaaea (Schliemann, 1669, IITCPP. auyyp.).

npo(laAAoVTa~ TOY £aUTO TOU w~ aA'lB,vo ojpwa, 0 Schliemann n£p,typaljl£

nw~ avaKoAuIjI£ TO «0'laaup6 TOU np,ollou" (lI,a B£allaT'Koj auAAoyoj an6 xpuaa

KOI apyupa aK£U'l Ka, Koall~lIaTa) IItaa a£ Aiy£~ wp£~, aKO(loVTa~ 116vo~, 11£

Klvi5uvo T'l~ ~woj~ TOU, KIlTW an6 TO £TO'1I6ppono T£IXO~ T'l~ apxaia~ noA'l~ Ka,

Kpu(loVTa~ Ta £upojllaTa IItaa OTO aoA, T'l~ yuvaiKa~ TOU.

Evw 01 ov6pe~ [i5'lA. 0' £pyOT£~] eTpwyav Kal ~eKoupO{OVTav, eKOljla TOV 011-

aaup6 [TOU np,ollou] p£ eva p£yoAo paxa(pl, "poypa "ou eKava p£ T£POOTIO KO-

Page 29: ΕΑΠ Τόμος Α_αρχαιολογία Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο_κεφ2

ENOTHTA 2.2

rro Kal TpO"aKTIK6 KfviSuvo TII<; 1;""1<; "OU, iSI6TI TO "ey6Ao Te'x0<; rrOu avtoKarrra

arrelAouot va YKpt",ortf trrovw "OU K6Se orIY"I'j. AM6 II Sta T60wv aVTIKtl"t·

vwv, TO KaStva ovtKTf,,"rq<; a~ra<; Y'O rqv ApxaloAoyfa, "e tKaVt rrapOroA"o, Kal

iStv oKttpSIIKO KoS6Aou TOV KrviSuvo. Ela "OU t'xt, 6"w<;, oraSer aiSuvOTo va arro·

"aKpUvw TO Ellloaup6 Xwpr<; rq llal'jS£la TII<; oyarrll"tvII<; "OU yuvarKa<;, rrou or6·

SIIKe iSrrrAo "ou trol,," va TUA~tl oro ooAI TII<; Kal va arro"aKpUVtl TO rrp6y"aTa

rrou atpalpouoa (Schllemann, 1880, o. 41, ~Tepp. ouyyp.).

'OAEe; aUTte; al nEp/ypaepte; TOU Schllemann noAu EUKOAo iS~~/oupy~oov tvav

~u80 '"'I cpavTaaia TOU KOIVoU TIl«; enoKI\e;. nept£lKov, 6~we;, ii/ocpapcc; avaAlj8f:.cc;.

lrqv npoWOlTK6rqTo, ~ ywaiKo TOU Schllemann iiev I\Tav napolloo Koro rqv avo­

KoAUIjI~ TOU «e~oaupou TOU np.o~ou ... Eni~e;, n/9avoAoy£lTa. 6n 0 Schllemann

avaKOAUljle ToaVT'K£I~eva 6K.6Aa ~a~, 6nwe; lO)(upi09~Ke, aMo O£ ii.ocpaptnKO

~~£ia TOU apxa.oAoYlKouXOlpou rqe; Tpoioe; KO. O£ ii.acpapmKte; epooc.e; rqe; aVo­

OKaepl\e;, Kal 6n Ta napouaiaoe ouYKeVTpw~tva we; 9~oaup6 eK TWV uor£pwv, v,a

va eVTUnwmoO£I, np6y~a nou iowe; enavaAl\ep8~Ke Kal OTIe; MUKl\vee;. Ynopxouv

~oAlora unoljliEe;, nou dval 6~we; avan6i5EIKTte;, 6n ~eplKo on6 Ta aVTIK£i~Eva Ta

onoia 0 Schllemann 100000pi09~Ke Orl ppljKe KOTO XOlpov (In situ) T600 ar~v Tpora

60a Kal one; MUKl\vee; tire dXav ppe8£i aMou, O£ Aa8paiee; avaOKaepte; an6 XWPI'

KOUe;, Kal ElXav ayopaoni an6 TOV iiilO, £in I\TOV nAaoro, napayycAiee; TOU

Schliemann O£ iil~~oue; xpuoox60ue; TOU e~wn:ptKoU.

ElTlnAtov, unljpxav Kal oMee;, oopapte; elTlar~~ov'Kte; avaKprpelee;.lT'lV

npoy~or'K6T'lTO, TO «avOKTOPO Kal 0 TOepoe; TOU Oiiuooto» OT'lv r86K~ IjTav Kora

emo alOlvce; ~tTayevtarepa rqe; XpovoAoyiae; T~e; aAw~e; T~e; Tpoioe; (1250 n.X.,

KaTa TOV Hp6iioTO) 0 «e~oaup6e; .. Kal TO «AvaKTopo TOU npIO~OU" ar~v Tpora

anoiicix8~Kav TcAIKa 6T. IjTav navw an6 ~Ia x.A.eTia npoyevtortpa TOU 1250

n.X. EVOI ~ «MoOKa TOU Ayo~t~vovo .. ovljKel one; opxte; T~e; ~uK~voiKIje; Enoxl\e;

KOI 6XI oro rtAoe; T~e;, 6Tav unori8eTa. 6n t~oe 0 Aya~t~vwv.

O. avoKpijlc.ee; aUTte; oepciAoVTav OT~V tAAe'ljI~ eITlOT~~OV'KIje; npootyy.~e;

ell ~tpoue; TOU Schllemann. E,va. yvwar6 6T., KOTO ne; rrpOlTt<; TOU avaOKaepte;

OT~vTpola, ~eTa~u 1871 KaI1873, 0 Schllemann Xp~o.~onol~oe povauoEe; Ka.

au8aipeTee; ~e86iioue; Ka. TEXV.llte;, ~e ar6xa va PPtl, ~e 600 TO iiUVOT6v yp~yO·

p6TtpO Tp6no, aUT6 nou TOV evii.tepept n6vw an6 Ka8eTI 6Ua, T~V O~~P'KI\

Tpora (R&B: 31 ). nenel~tvoe; 6n ~ Tpola TOU O~ljpou IjTav 0 apxo.6Ttpoe; OIK.·

~6e; oro X.oapAiK Ka. 6n eno~tvwe; pp.OK6Tav oro KorwTaTo o~~cro TOU A6tpou,

o Schllemann i5l1lvol~e ~.a TepaOT.a TO~1j nAoTOUe; 39 ~trpwv Kal p680ue; navw

an6 15 ~tTPO ~E KaTeu9uv~ an6 pappa npoe; V6TO. noMo Aciljlavo KTlpiwv Kal

oxupw~aT'Kwv T£IXOlV nou OTtKoVTav e~n6ii.0 OT~V «OP~~TlKIj Ka8eT~ ii.cioi5u·

~»nou elTlx£ip~oe 0 Schllemann (McDonald, 1967, o. 17) aepalpt8~Kav ii.a T~C;

prOC;, ouXVa ~OAlora ~£ rq xplj~ noA,opK~nKOlv KPIOlv KOI ~EyaAwv mi5tptvlwv

AoarOlv, XWPIC; npo~you~tvwc; va ~tTp~80uv rj va tpwToypaep~80uv. 0 yprjyopoe;

pu8~6e; TWV avooKaepOlv aUTOlv arj~alvt T~V oepalpto~ 366 Kup.KOlv ~tTpwV tnl'

XWOflC; ~~ep'laiwc;. 0 Schllemann Ka. ~ aU~uy6c; TOU lSev I\Tav lS16Aou at 8t~ va

KE<!lAAAIO

79

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80

ENOTHTA 2.2

&mpAtljlouv awara T'IV ovaaKacplj Kal va KP'VOUV a& nOla a'lP&'a aUTO; pnopou­

a& va npOxwpo;a&1 &I~ pa80~ xwp,~ va npoKaAta&1 P&VaA'I ~'Ipla arl~ lilacpop&~

apxaI6T'IT&~. O'lilo~ 0 Schlie mann aMware opoMV'Iae: «~uaruxw~, Mvw T'I~

p&vaA'I~ tKTaa'l~ TWV avaaKacpwv pou, TOU vpljvopou pu8pou pe TOV ono'o Ii,&­

~o;x8'1aav Kal T'I~ aKA'Ip6T'I~a~ TWV &mxwa&wv, Ta nljA,va avv&'a [ .•• ] avaaup-

8'1KaV ar'l nA&IOIjI'lCP'a TOU~ KaTa TO paMov 0; IjTTov onaaptva» (McDonald,

1967, a. 17).

ElpwvlKa, 'I TaKTIKO; aUTI\ efxe TO aVT'8&To anoreA&apa an6 aut6 nou n&p'p&­

V& 0 Schliemann, acpou a8eAa TOU Kartarpeljle, pe Ta 'lila TOU Ta xtpla, aKplpw~

Ta arpwpaTa &K&'va nou aVa~'IToua&: 'I OP'lP'KIj Tpo'a Ii&v ppICJK6tav aro pa8u­

T&PO a'lpe'o T'I~ p&vaA'I~ TOpl\~ nou avo,~e ptaa aro Mcpo 0 Schliemann, Kal

6nou T&AIKa PPo;K& aUTa nou anoKaAeae «0'1aaup6» Kal «AvaKTopo tou np,a­

pou», aMa ae noAu avwT&po en'nelio. Kara TI~ avaaKacpt~ TOU arl~ MUKI\V&~, 0

Schliemann uI08tT'Ia& T'IV .lila «p&poA'ImIKI\» TaKTIKI\ li'voVTa~ tpcpaa'l ara pu­

K'IVaIKa arpwpaTa Ka" ayvowVTa~ Ka, KaraarptcpoVTa~ 6,T'Ii&v O;Tav PUK'IvaiK6.

napaAAI1Ao K&lIl&VO

rta va ?ri/3ETf Ilta nArwearE(!Tj w,ova rTjr; aro.arJr; "a, rwv IlE06t5wv TaU SchliematllZ "aro. Tlr; newrEr; TaU avaa"acper;, avaree~Tf rwea ara naeo.AATjAa KE{IlEVa leW t5ta/3o.arE nr; a. 225-29 leW 453-57 ano Ta /3,/3J.io TaU D. Trail!, 0 LACIlUv"tT]C; TgOLUC;: 8l'Jou1!g6C; xu< umitl'J,llrcpe. K Kouv,v,wrTj, E"t5. Nea I15voea, A£hjva 1996.

H npoatVVla'l TOU Schllemann IjTav apKeTa xapaKT'IPlarlKI\ v,a T'IV APXalo­

AoY'a TIJ~ enoxl\~. nplv an6 T'I Y&VIK&UptV'l uI08tT'I0IJ, an6 TO T&AeUTa'o TtTapTo

TOU 190U alwva Ka, e~I\~, T'I~ &mar'lpOV'Ko;~ p&86liou, 'I ono'a paal~6TaV ar'l pe­

AtT'I TWV apxaloAoYIKwv arpwp6Twv, 01 n&plaa6Tep&~ apxaloAoYIKt~ avaaKacpt~

xapaKT'Ip,~oVTav an6 npoxelp6T'ITa Kal ypl\yopo pu8p6, Kal 8a tAeve Kave'~ 6n

O;Tav neplaa6Tepo napaP,aa&l~ napa auar'lpaT'Kt~ tp&uve~. A~f~e" 6pw~, va

a'lpelwaoupe &liw Mo npaypaTa: 1) Av Kal, opoAoyouptvw~, 'I 6,1.'1 avaaKacplKO;

tpeuva TOU Schliemann n&plarpaCP'lKe, 6nw~ e'liape, vUpw an6 tva auVK&KPlpt­

vo apxalaAoYIK6 arpwpa, aUT6 T'I~ OP'lPIKo;~ Tpo'a~, KaTa TI~ npwTe~ TOU aUTt~

avaaKacpt~, a& aVT.8&0IJ P& TOV Layard, Ii&v &Vlilacpep6Tav TOOa v,a tpya TtXV'l~,

6aa y,a TlJV avaaKacpl\ aUTI\ Ka8aUTO; (per se) Kal npaaITa8'1a& va KaTaypaljl&1 Ae­

map&pw~ TauAaXlarav Ka8e eUP'lpa TOU arpwpaTa~ nau TOV &vliltcp&pe. 2) 01

npwT&~ avaaKacpt~ TOU Schliemann aT'Iv apxa'a Tpo.a tpxoVTa, a& aVT'8&a'l pe

aUTte; nau lil&~o;yay& arav 'lilo xwpa ,peTa~u 1882 Ka11890, Kal one; ona'ee; 8£,1.'1-

a& va &Ivai p&801iIK6e;: e~tTaa& Ta Ka8e apxalaAaY'K6 arpwpa xwplara, li'lAalio;

&cpappoa& T'I arpwpaToypacpfa, nau e'val npwTapXIKIje; OIJpaaia~ ar'l aUVXPOV'l

APXa,oAoy'a, Kal ~I\T'Ia& v,a TO aKon6 aUT6v T'I auv&pyaa.a ev6~ IKavou Kal

tpnelPou apxaloMyou, TOU W. Diirpfeld, 0 ano'a~ li,aKplv6Tav Via T'IV auar'lpa

emar'lpaVIKO; npoatvv,a'l. 'HIi'l aro TtAo~ TWV avaaKacpwv Tau 1873,0 Schlie­

mann &lX& aVTIA'ICP8&' T'I alTaUlial6T'ITa T'Ie; auar'lparIKo;e; avaaKacpo;e; KOla olpw-

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ENOTHTA 2.2 •

\laTa. To oK6Aou90 l5Uo onocm6CJ)lOTO ~&i)(Vouv Ko9op6 ounj TTJ \lCTOorpa<prj TOU

Schliemann npo~ tvov cnoor'l\lOVIK6TCPO Tp6no avo(Jl(aq>rj~.

Kollw<; Kage ovrlKe1llevo rrou oVl!Kel OT'I aKoTelvt! vU)(Ta TWV rrpOeAA'IVIKWV

)(p6vwv Kal rrou ~pel TO fxvrJ TTJ<; av9pwmv'I<; 6t~on)(Vio<; C(VOI Y'o lIevo lIio CI£Ai­~o TlJ<; IOTOp(O<;, e(lIol, rravw orr6 Kollen aAAo, urro)(pcwllevo<; vo rppovTfaw orJTw<;

wOTe vo 11'1 1I0U 610<pUytl T{rron. [ ... ] Kallc avTIKe{lItVO [ ... ]110 rpwToyporp'llltf t! lIa

avrlypo<pe{ arr6 evav em6e~lo O)(t610OTt!. KOI 110 6'1110altuTt{ [ ... J KOI 6{rrAo OTO

Kallt ovrlKeill&VO 110 ova<pepw TO (Jallo<; OTO orro(o TO oVOKaAuljla (McDonald.

1967, a. 17-19, \IT'I'p. auyyp.)

Eav [ ... J rrOTe 01 avoaKo<pt<; 1I0U auveXlallouv, IKenuw trrlTOKTIKa OUTOU<; rrou

110 TI<; avoAa(Jouv vo ",:Ta~ouv TO IIrra{o TWV ovoaKorpwv TOU<; OT'IV rrAayla TOU

A6rpou KOI vo 11'1 YClliaouv TI<; KoAoaalo(e<; TOllt<; rrou avol~o lit T6ao TtpaOTlo

K6rro KOI T6ao e~060, 616T1 txouv IIcyaA'I o~io v,a T'IV APXoloAoyia, t<p6aov at

oVTt<; TI<; TOII£<; IIrroporJv vo t~&ToallorJv lit Afyo K6rro 6Ao TO 0PXoloAoYIKa OTPW-

1I0TO, arr6 TO 0PX'K6 £60rpo<; II£)(PI TlJv em<pavelo TOU A6<pou (McDonald, 1967, a.

25-26, \lTq>p. auyyp.)

01 \ltTtnCITO auOTTJ\lOnKt~ OVOOKO'l't~ OTTJ Tpofo ~ltKPIVOV cw£o ~IO'l'Op&n­

K6 cnfnc~o rj orpW\loTa yvwor6 w~ Tpoia I-IX (CIK. 1). A~i~1 va TO ~OU\lC Afyo noo

avaAIJTIK6.

Tpoio I: 3000-2500 n .X. (c~w niOTc",& 0PXIK6 a Schliemann 6TlilplaK6Tav 'l

O\l'lPIKrj Tpoio). Tpofo II: 2500-2200 n.X. (oro cnin&~o o1JT611p~KC a Schllemann

TO .e'laaup6 TaU npI6\1ou»). Tpoio III: 2200-2050 n.X. Tpofo IV: 2050-1900 n.X ••

Tpoio V: 1900-1900 n.X. Tpofo VI: 1900-1300/1250 n .X. (au\I'I'",va \lc TOV

Dorpfeld, OIJT~ ~TOV 'l O\l'lPIKIj Tpoio, av Kal KOTOorp6'1''lK& on6 0&Ia\l6). Tpoia

VII: 1300/1250-1000 n.X. (KaToorp6'1''lKC on6 'I''''Tla yIlpw 0701200 n .X. Ij opy6-

T&PO Kal, KOT6nJv, CYKOTOA&iq>9'1KC). Tpofo VIII (&naVOKoToIKIj9'1KC YUP'" 070

700 n.X.). Tpoia IX (n6A'l tM'lVI07IKWV Ka, PW\lO'KWV xp6vwv).

KEctlAAAIO

Eutovo. 1 OJ £wla q;dafl; xaTOlX1J<11JC: r~, u!!xu{m; T(}v{u,

_ _ _ ..... IITJY1l: Duchelle H .• TI,e Goldell Treasures oj Troy: TI,e Dream oj Heillrich Schliemallll, TIwmes & Hudson, AovOfvo 1996, o. 104-105, © Editions

'-___ -.& _______________________ -==-___ .... Gallimard

81

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82

ENOTHTA 2.2 ' _ -L'tO OlWELO au,6 ELVUl XQljOL~1O va naQa8€oou~IE HI yvWJ.lllnOU ESE<pQaOE 'to

1907 0 Theodore Reinach Yla "tl£ aQXatOAoYU'E£ avaaxa<pE£, L,o an6onaoJ.la au­

,6 aVttJtaQa~aAAOV"tat 01 avao"a<pI"E£ ~UieOoOlnou E<paQJ.l61,;0V"tav nQlv "at J.lEta

'to oEmEQo J.lL06 'tou 190u atwva,

«iloJJ.6; cpOQEr; EXEl excpQaarei TO :n:aQa:n:ovo OTl 01 'EJJ.rJver; neQipevav noJJ.a XQovla :n:QIV avaAa{3ouv 01 iOtOllj emrQilpovv va avaAa{3ovv 01 gEvoI, ae IleyaAo .', {3ae,lo, rrJv aQxatOAoYlxlj egeQevvrJarJ rrJr; YrJr; TOVr;, Ll ev ImoQw va naQw pEQOr; ae aurEr; Tlr; pe,ll/JlltOIQier; Xat va y/Qrf.'

H arQaTwpEvrJ AQXatOAoy(a, rJ AQXatoAoyia TOV xaalla xat TrJr; agivar;, eival Ilia TfXVrJ :n:ov nQEnfl va TrJ Ilaeelr;, Ij mo awaral"a f:JrtOTIj,lrJ W OIXOVr; TrJr; xavo­ver;, nov oev EYlvav aacpe[r; :n:aQa peTa TO piaa TOV 200v atwva, AvaaxacpEr; l,e em­xecpaAljr; a:n:flQovr; aQxatOA6yovr;, XWQir; TrJ avlt:n:aQaaTOat} evor; ElmelQou aQXlTE­XTova, ;rov eixav povaOlxo aroxo TrJV aQ:n:ay!] xal TO XQVl/JlltO ae pEQOr; a(yovQo oao TO ouvaTOV :n:eQlaaouQwv XOpl/JouxvrJparwv, ItOla~ovv, neQtfQywr;, pe oQyavwpf­ver; ArJareter;, E(vO/ :n:QOTlIIOUQO, Aomov, nov rJ EJJ.aoa Oev avpwreixe ae nQowQer; , Xat, wr; ex TOVTOU, ;raQaxlvovvwIIEver; emxeIQljaeu;, L:TO xaTw xaTw, TO XWllO nov aXf:Jra~el TO eQetma e(vat Ilia xaAIj aanioa (Etienne "at Etienne, 2000), '.

4paCJTI'IPIOTI'ITa 6/Ka:cpaAalo 2 ",~: --=--...:.;...-.:....-....;...---:--------------.;. '-" Me 1'0011 TTl MeMTTl nepimwa'l~ 2 KOI Tn nap6M'l~a Keilleva nou lle~eTIiaOTe ano TO 1'1:" .

1'A(0 TOU Traill, npoana9t'iare va eVToniaeTe Kal va KOTaypoLjleTe Ile TTlIlOPq>t'i KOT~OyOU

(nepinou 300 M~el~): a) To l'aOlKo arolxeia T'l~ aVTlemar'lIlOvlKt'i~ npOaeYYla'l~ TOU

Schliemann KOTO Tl~ npwTe~ avaOKaq>e~ TOU' I'piaKeTe KOlVO O11lleia Ile TTlv npoaEyylO11 TOU

Layard (I'~, napo&IYlla 13) KOI nOla eivOl aUTO; 1') To arOlxeia nou auvlarouv ilIa emcJlTlIlo­

VlK'; npoaeYYlO11 TWV apXOloAoYlKWV avaOKaq>wv KOI nou auv&oVTOl yevLKOTep? Ile TTl aLly­

xpoV'l ApXOlo~oyia (nepinou 150 M~el~)" H eKnOV'1011 TTl~ t.paOTT]plOTTlTa~ auTi]~ Ba aa~

1'0'l9t'iael va c51allopq>waeTe ilIa npwTTl elKova TOU emOTT]IlOVlKOU xapaKTijpa TTl~ aLlyxpo­

V'l~ ApXOloAoyia~, nou 90 eiVOl xp';mll'l Yla TTlIleAETT] TTl~ evoTTlTn~ 2,3 nou aKo~ougeL

4paCJTI'IPIOTI'ITa 7/Ka:cpaAalo 2

npoana9';are va eKgeaeTe ae nepinou 1 00 M~el~ Tl~ c510q>ope~ n'lye~ npOeAeU011~ TOU

llu90u nepi ApXOlo~oyia~, napageToVTa~ K6ge q>opo eva nap0c5elYlla eiTe ano aUTO Tltiu exouv ';c5'l avaq>epgei eiTe ana TTl c51K'; aa~ eV'lllepW011 .; ellnelpia, MnopeiTe va Kpi'V;T~ TTlv Op90TTlTa TTl~ anOVTT]a.;~ aa~ Ile POO11 TO arOlxeia TTl~ LUVOLjl'l~, nou napaTi9eTOl OTO

TeAO~ TOU Keq>~aiou,

.l

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EVOT11TQ 2.3

H IIPArMATIKOTHTA: TIEINAI APXAIOAOrIA OL (),[EQEOnntE, avtLAlj1jJEL, lt01J EltLXQat01JV OTO E1JQU XOLVO Yla tT]v AQxmOAO­

YLa (EVOtT]'tU 2.1) ~lE xavEva t(lOltO OEV avtaltOxQLvOvtm OtT]V ltQaY~L(.ttLXOtT]ta. Ta axoAo1J6a O1IIlE(a ltEQLYQU<P01JV O1JVOlttlXU to U ELvm '1 (crUyXQovlj) AQxmoAoyia. 'OAa, EXtO, altO IlEQO, 1l0VOv t01J ltQwt01J altO '[a O1lllELa a1Jtu, altOQQE01JV altO to YEYOVO, on'l aUYXQOv'1 AQxmoAoyia, 011AaOlj 'I AQxmoAoYLa Oltoo, avamx61]xE LOioo, altO '[0 tEAEmaLo 1:€caQlo '[01J 1901J mwva xm IlEta, ltaQ01JmU~EL, 00, ltQO, '[a Ev/'nacpEQovta, lO1J, xavovE" ,[l, avtLAlj1jJU, tll' aAAu xm tll OOlllj tll" QL~LXlj OLU­CPOQu altO tT]v AQxmoAoyia OtT]v ltQOYEVEOTEQI], aQXLxlj tll, 1l0QCPlj· 'E'[OL: L OL ltEQlOOOtEQOl aQxmoAOyOL ltEQVOUV "I ~ool] t01J, XOOQi, va ~Q01JV xun '[0 6EU­~LUnxo. A1Jto OqJELAEtm 0XlIlOVO 0'[0 on Ol ~LEYUAE, avaxaAU1jJEL, ELvm CP1JOLXU OltUVLE" aAAu Elti01I, OTO YEYOVO, on 1l0VOv Eva IlEQO, '[ooV aQxmoAOYoov acpLEQw­V01JV tll ~ool] t01J, I] tOY ltEQlOOo-tEQO XQovo t01J, anlv avaoxacplj, EVW OL 1JltOAOLltOL O1JIl~lE,[EX01JV ALYo,] OEV O1JIlILE'[EX01JV xa60Ao1J OE avaoxu<pE, xm aoxoAOUVtm altOXAELO'[LXU Il.E tT] ILEAEtT] '[oov aQxmoAoYlxwv OEOOILEVooV lj tllV EQEuva. 2. Ta OTOLXELa '[Ol! QOlLaVn0Il.Ou, "I, ltEQLltlhELU,,] ,[01J 'IQooLO~lOU UQXLoav 1]1\'1 altO "I YEVV11011 "I, aUYXQOVI], AQxmoAoyia, va lta~o1Jv OAO xm ALYO,[EQO OIj~la­vtlXO QOAo, ILEXQllt01J OTl, IlEQE, Il.a, ELvm ltMov 1l.110all.LVu Eoo, awltaQx'tU (ltQuy­~la lt01J, O~loo" OEV O1lllalVEL on'l AQxaLOAoyta EXEl ltU1jJU va dvm O1JVaQltaOTlXl] xm va ILU, EltLcp1!MoOEL EXltAlj~El')' 3. OL aUYXQOVOL aQxaloAOyoL OEV EvolaqJEQ0vtm ltLa altOXAElOTlXU Yla tllV avaxu­A1J1jJ1] ooQatoov avtlXEllLEVooV xU! EQYooV '[EXV11'. Kmu tT]v avaoxacplj, EXEtVO ltOl! EV­OlacpEQEL ltUVoo ((It' oAa '[ov aQxmoAOyo EtVm to YEV/XV nAa/uw '[oov El!Q11ILU'[ooV tOl! - onOlwvoljltOU El!QI]ILU'[oov, VJ.wv '[OOV E1JQ'1Il.U'[oov (XLV1IlWV xm lL'l, Evt1JltoomaXwv xallL'l, tOl! altw'tUtOl! lj tOl! ltLO ltQoocpmOl! ltaQEA60vtO,). 0 AOYO, EtVm on'[(( 6E­OJQEt l!ALXU xmUAOLlta tll' aQxala, av6QWltLV1I, OQaO'[lIQlOtT]'tU, xm O1HlUvtlX01J, CPOQEt, ltAljQOqJOQlWV '[000 Yla "Iv xOLvooVta xU! ,[Ol!, av6Qwltol!, ltOl! '[a 1'.ma­oXEuaoav 000 xal YEVlXO'[EQa ylU 'tl]v lO'[OQLX1] OLaOQOlLlj 't0l! av6Qwltol! xm '[oov ltOAmOILWv, xm EltQILEVW£ ltQaYllanxu U~la ~lEMtT], -ltQ~A. 'tlj CPQU01l tOl! ltEQLCP11-1L0l! AyyAOl! aQXaloAOY01J Sir Mortimer Wheeler (1954, 0.13): «0 aQxaLOAoyo, CPEQvEl 0'[0 cpoo, 6XL ltQuYll.a'tU aAAu av6Qwltol!,». 'ElOL, xueE UAAO ltaQu Eva Xl!Vl]­yL IlIIOal!Qwv lj ~ll!()'[I]Qioov, '1 crUyXQOv'1 AQxmoAoyia dvm 1IIIEUn} '[OOV AEL1jJUVOOV OA01J t01J cpu0ll.mo, '[Ol! av6QwltLvo1J ltaQEA60vtO,3

-' 0 ';(J(~ ~a1'8pW7flJ'O lfa(JfA8riv» X"£la~ETm £1((IX1. (711. d,on 11 AeXmoA.uyin on'llcJ.i:rri. nOQYf1l·a nvru nov (XOIIV rXAcbpn, ruroAtOWpara Ij 1fCTQwlwra - avrd JlcA.nciwTaI am) r1]v fla).wrwroJ.cryia xw r1] rCWA-O­

ria. H IlcUn/ rq; A(,xw(JJ.oykl~ aQxil;cJ. ruro Ta :r(Jwm avrIXEt)iCl'fZ (c(!}'flJ..da) Rail r;u';cl!Yciofhpu: 0 (iv­

fh.HJJ;((J" oqAa,),j, millf{(UWZIU: r1]1' Tp1xava{l X(WVOJ.aylQ, TOV..triXJaTnVytiQW ora 2.(){)().(){)(} XQfl1'Ul ;f(JJV.

KEClJAI\AIO

83

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88

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