θ 23 - experiments

41
G.F. Pearce 1 θ 23 - experiments Introduction Atmospheric neutrinos Super Kamiokande – Soudan2 – Macro Long Baseline, accelerator – K2K Minos CNGS Numi Off-axis JHF Summary

description

θ 23 - experiments. Introduction Atmospheric neutrinos Super Kamiokande Soudan2 Macro Long Baseline, accelerator K2K Minos CNGS Numi Off-axis JHF Summary. Neutrino Oscillations. Weak  Mass eigenstates. where. i.e. Majorana => 2 extra phases, α 1 , α 2. m 3. Δ m 2 13. m 2. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of θ 23 - experiments

Page 1: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 1

θ23 - experiments

bull Introduction

bull Atmospheric neutrinos

ndash Super Kamiokande

ndash Soudan2

ndash Macro

bull Long Baseline accelerator

ndash K2Kndash Minos

ndash CNGS

ndash Numi Off-axis

ndash JHF

bull Summary

GF Pearce 2

Neutrino Oscillations

phaseviolCPδandscwhere

cs

sc

ciδes

iδesc

cs

sc

UUU

UUU

UUU

U

ijijijij

τττ

μμμ

eee

sincos

100

0

0

0

010

0

0

0

001

1212

1212

1313

1313

2323

2323

321

321

321

3

2

1

132313231223121323122312

132313231223121323122312

1313121312

cciδescssciδesccss

csiδessscciδessccs

iδescscce

3

2

1

321

321

321

τττ

μμμ

eeee

UUU

UUU

UUU

Weak Mass eigenstates

where

ie

Majorana =gt 2 extra phases α1 α2

GF Pearce 3

Oscillation Probabilities

ji

)E

LijΔm(biUajUbjUaiUababP

22712sin4

Probability that νa of energy Eν oscillates to νb over a path length L is

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin23

2sin13

22sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Ignoring CP violation and matter effects yields 9 probabilities

222jiij mmm where

etc

eg

m1

m2

m3

Δm213

Δm213

Are the differences in m2 between the mass eigenstates

GF Pearce 4

Oscillation Analyses

E

LmP

atmatm

22712sin22sin

Atmospheric analyses mostly perform a 2 ν oscillation analysis

From the evidence we know atmospheric oscillations are νμ-gt ντ and θ13 is small so this is a good approximation

Strictly need to perform a 3 ν oscillation analysis to extract θ23 Such analyses are starting to be used ndash basically to get at θ13

GF Pearce 5

Atmospheric Neutrinos

Mean Eν ~ 1GeV

10 lt Llt 13000 km

05 lt Δm2 lt 10-4 eV2

GF Pearce 6

Super Kamiokande

Kamioka Mine Japan

2700mwe overburden

50kton water Cerenkov

(32kton inner 18kton outer)

225 kton fiducial volume

1489 day exposure

11146 PMTs (inner)

1885 PMTs (outer)

The dominant detector in this field

GF Pearce 7

SuperK ν events

Fully contained νe νμ ~ 2 GeV

Partially contained νe νμ (primarily νμ) ~ 10 GeV

Upward going stopping μ ~ 10 GeV

Upward through going μ ~ 100 GeV

ν detection

4 event types

Good particle ID (muon-like electron-like)

GF Pearce 8

SuperK Event Summary

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 2: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 2

Neutrino Oscillations

phaseviolCPδandscwhere

cs

sc

ciδes

iδesc

cs

sc

UUU

UUU

UUU

U

ijijijij

τττ

μμμ

eee

sincos

100

0

0

0

010

0

0

0

001

1212

1212

1313

1313

2323

2323

321

321

321

3

2

1

132313231223121323122312

132313231223121323122312

1313121312

cciδescssciδesccss

csiδessscciδessccs

iδescscce

3

2

1

321

321

321

τττ

μμμ

eeee

UUU

UUU

UUU

Weak Mass eigenstates

where

ie

Majorana =gt 2 extra phases α1 α2

GF Pearce 3

Oscillation Probabilities

ji

)E

LijΔm(biUajUbjUaiUababP

22712sin4

Probability that νa of energy Eν oscillates to νb over a path length L is

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin23

2sin13

22sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Ignoring CP violation and matter effects yields 9 probabilities

222jiij mmm where

etc

eg

m1

m2

m3

Δm213

Δm213

Are the differences in m2 between the mass eigenstates

GF Pearce 4

Oscillation Analyses

E

LmP

atmatm

22712sin22sin

Atmospheric analyses mostly perform a 2 ν oscillation analysis

From the evidence we know atmospheric oscillations are νμ-gt ντ and θ13 is small so this is a good approximation

Strictly need to perform a 3 ν oscillation analysis to extract θ23 Such analyses are starting to be used ndash basically to get at θ13

GF Pearce 5

Atmospheric Neutrinos

Mean Eν ~ 1GeV

10 lt Llt 13000 km

05 lt Δm2 lt 10-4 eV2

GF Pearce 6

Super Kamiokande

Kamioka Mine Japan

2700mwe overburden

50kton water Cerenkov

(32kton inner 18kton outer)

225 kton fiducial volume

1489 day exposure

11146 PMTs (inner)

1885 PMTs (outer)

The dominant detector in this field

GF Pearce 7

SuperK ν events

Fully contained νe νμ ~ 2 GeV

Partially contained νe νμ (primarily νμ) ~ 10 GeV

Upward going stopping μ ~ 10 GeV

Upward through going μ ~ 100 GeV

ν detection

4 event types

Good particle ID (muon-like electron-like)

GF Pearce 8

SuperK Event Summary

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 3: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 3

Oscillation Probabilities

ji

)E

LijΔm(biUajUbjUaiUababP

22712sin4

Probability that νa of energy Eν oscillates to νb over a path length L is

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin23

2sin13

22sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Ignoring CP violation and matter effects yields 9 probabilities

222jiij mmm where

etc

eg

m1

m2

m3

Δm213

Δm213

Are the differences in m2 between the mass eigenstates

GF Pearce 4

Oscillation Analyses

E

LmP

atmatm

22712sin22sin

Atmospheric analyses mostly perform a 2 ν oscillation analysis

From the evidence we know atmospheric oscillations are νμ-gt ντ and θ13 is small so this is a good approximation

Strictly need to perform a 3 ν oscillation analysis to extract θ23 Such analyses are starting to be used ndash basically to get at θ13

GF Pearce 5

Atmospheric Neutrinos

Mean Eν ~ 1GeV

10 lt Llt 13000 km

05 lt Δm2 lt 10-4 eV2

GF Pearce 6

Super Kamiokande

Kamioka Mine Japan

2700mwe overburden

50kton water Cerenkov

(32kton inner 18kton outer)

225 kton fiducial volume

1489 day exposure

11146 PMTs (inner)

1885 PMTs (outer)

The dominant detector in this field

GF Pearce 7

SuperK ν events

Fully contained νe νμ ~ 2 GeV

Partially contained νe νμ (primarily νμ) ~ 10 GeV

Upward going stopping μ ~ 10 GeV

Upward through going μ ~ 100 GeV

ν detection

4 event types

Good particle ID (muon-like electron-like)

GF Pearce 8

SuperK Event Summary

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 4: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 4

Oscillation Analyses

E

LmP

atmatm

22712sin22sin

Atmospheric analyses mostly perform a 2 ν oscillation analysis

From the evidence we know atmospheric oscillations are νμ-gt ντ and θ13 is small so this is a good approximation

Strictly need to perform a 3 ν oscillation analysis to extract θ23 Such analyses are starting to be used ndash basically to get at θ13

GF Pearce 5

Atmospheric Neutrinos

Mean Eν ~ 1GeV

10 lt Llt 13000 km

05 lt Δm2 lt 10-4 eV2

GF Pearce 6

Super Kamiokande

Kamioka Mine Japan

2700mwe overburden

50kton water Cerenkov

(32kton inner 18kton outer)

225 kton fiducial volume

1489 day exposure

11146 PMTs (inner)

1885 PMTs (outer)

The dominant detector in this field

GF Pearce 7

SuperK ν events

Fully contained νe νμ ~ 2 GeV

Partially contained νe νμ (primarily νμ) ~ 10 GeV

Upward going stopping μ ~ 10 GeV

Upward through going μ ~ 100 GeV

ν detection

4 event types

Good particle ID (muon-like electron-like)

GF Pearce 8

SuperK Event Summary

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 5: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 5

Atmospheric Neutrinos

Mean Eν ~ 1GeV

10 lt Llt 13000 km

05 lt Δm2 lt 10-4 eV2

GF Pearce 6

Super Kamiokande

Kamioka Mine Japan

2700mwe overburden

50kton water Cerenkov

(32kton inner 18kton outer)

225 kton fiducial volume

1489 day exposure

11146 PMTs (inner)

1885 PMTs (outer)

The dominant detector in this field

GF Pearce 7

SuperK ν events

Fully contained νe νμ ~ 2 GeV

Partially contained νe νμ (primarily νμ) ~ 10 GeV

Upward going stopping μ ~ 10 GeV

Upward through going μ ~ 100 GeV

ν detection

4 event types

Good particle ID (muon-like electron-like)

GF Pearce 8

SuperK Event Summary

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 6: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 6

Super Kamiokande

Kamioka Mine Japan

2700mwe overburden

50kton water Cerenkov

(32kton inner 18kton outer)

225 kton fiducial volume

1489 day exposure

11146 PMTs (inner)

1885 PMTs (outer)

The dominant detector in this field

GF Pearce 7

SuperK ν events

Fully contained νe νμ ~ 2 GeV

Partially contained νe νμ (primarily νμ) ~ 10 GeV

Upward going stopping μ ~ 10 GeV

Upward through going μ ~ 100 GeV

ν detection

4 event types

Good particle ID (muon-like electron-like)

GF Pearce 8

SuperK Event Summary

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 7: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 7

SuperK ν events

Fully contained νe νμ ~ 2 GeV

Partially contained νe νμ (primarily νμ) ~ 10 GeV

Upward going stopping μ ~ 10 GeV

Upward through going μ ~ 100 GeV

ν detection

4 event types

Good particle ID (muon-like electron-like)

GF Pearce 8

SuperK Event Summary

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 8: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 8

SuperK Event Summary

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 9: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 9

SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions

Null hypothesis νμ - ντ oscillation

νe νμ

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 10: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 10

SuperK νμ - ντ fits

νμ - ντ oscillation fit

90 CL16 10-3 lt Δm2 lt 30 10-3 eV2

sin22θ gt 092

Best FitΔm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10χ2

min = 1632170 dof

No oscillations fit

χ2min

= 4655170 dof

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 11: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 11

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

ELme

P

ELme

P

ELmP

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2cos

223

2712sin13

22sin23

2sin

223

2712sin23

22sin13

4cos

Assuming Δm212= Δm2

sol ltlt Δm2

23 Δm213

Neutrino oscillation probabilities are

Fit the data to 3 parameters Δm223 θ23 θ13

m1

m2

m3

Δm212

Δm223

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 12: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 12

SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis

Best fit sin2θ23 = 10

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 13: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 13

Soudan2

2100 mwe underground in Soudan Mine Minnesota

963 ton modular fine grained tracking calorimeter with active shield

High resolution ndash picture quality events

Complementary to SuperKData taking ended June 2001

59 fiducial kiloton-years exposure

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 14: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 14

Soudan2 Neutrino Events

High resolution reconstruction

Fully (FCE) and Partially (PCE) contained events used in the analysis

HiRes sample used for LE analysis

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 15: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 15

e

micro

LE for e and micro flavour events

Soudan2 LE

Unoscill MCBest Fit MC

PCE

FCE

HiRes

Maximal oscillationsNo oscillations

Best fit

νμ data from two data samples

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 16: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 16

Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters(Feldman-Cousins Analysis)

Δm2 = 52 10-3 eV2

sin2 2θ = 097

A = 89 of Bartol 96

(Analysis with Battistoni (3D) flux yields very similar contours with A=105)

Best Fit

Likelihood fit to Δm2 sin2 2θ Confidence level contours

sin2 2θ

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

959068

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 17: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 17

MACROGran Sasso Laboratory Italy

53 kton detector High acceptance

500ps timing 1deg angular resolution

E from multiple scattering dEdX

νμ events amp upward μrsquos - νμ detection only

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 18: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 18

MACROResults

LE distribution good fit to oscillation hypothesis

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

MACRO - Limits on Δm2 sin22θ

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 19: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 19

Atmospheric LimitsSummary

Super-Kamiokande

Soudan

Macro HE

MACRO LE

Log

10 Δ

m2

(eV

2 )

(SuperK) Best Fit

Δm2 = 25 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 20: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 20

K2KThe first long baseline experiment

12 GeV PS KEK 51019 pot

Eν ~ 13 GeV 99 νμ

250 km

Far Detector ndash Super Kamiokande

Near Detector(s) at KEK

250km baseline

Measure νμ reduction spectrum distortion

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 21: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 21

K2KNear Detector(s)

Accurate measurement of beam flux and composition

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 22: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 22

K2K Events

s51

Tspill TSK

GPS

TOF=083ms

Beam events in SK cleanly identified

Atmospheric BG lt 10-3 events

Oscillation Analysis

Fit toNumber of Events

Spectral Shape

Fully Contained Events in Fiducial Volume

Observe 56

Expect 80 +73- 80

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 23: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 23

K2K LimitsAllowed region

P(no oscillations) = 1

90 CL

Δm2 = 15-39 10-3 eV2

at sin22θ = 10

Best Fit Parameters

Δm2 = 28 10-3 eV2

sin22θ = 10

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 24: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 24

MINOS

High intensity νμ beam from Fermilab to Soudan (Mn)

120GeV p 41013 ppp 41020 pyr 19s rep 8μs spill

Flexible beam ndash adjustable energy spectrum

Two detectors Near (1kT) and Far (54kT)

Calibration detector (mini-minos) CERN

7353 km baseline

1 km wide at soudan

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 25: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 25

MINOS Beam

CC EventsMINOS2 year

Low Medium High 5080 13800 29600

NUMI beam a feature of Minos

Tune beam spectrum by moving 2nd horn relative to target

Both and beams - later running__

First beam Dec 2004

Beam Energy Spectra

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 26: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 26

MINOS Detectors

Minos Far Detector

Site Soudan Minnesota 735km

Magnetised tracking calorimeter B ~ 13T

2 Supermodules 484 planes 54 kton

25cm thick steel 4x1 cm scint strips

Software triggering (flexible)

GPS to synch NDFD data

Veto shield (topsides) being installed

Installation complete MayJune 2003

Data taking since ~ Sep 2001

Minos Near Detector

Site Fermilab ~ 1km

Small Far detector

1kton 153 planes

~ 1km away

Pre-assembly at FNAL ready for installation

High rate ~ 50spill

Prospects for non-oscillation physics

Installation complete ~ Oct 2004

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 27: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 27

MINOS

Soudan 2CDMS II

shaft

MINOS Far DetectorInstallation complete MayJune 2003

Photo by Jerry Meier

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 28: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 28

MINOSOscillation parameter measurement - disappearance

oscillated

unoscillated

sin22θ

Δm2

CC events

Reconstruct energy

Compare Near (no osc) with Far energy spectrum

sin22θ Δm2 measurement from oscillation minimum

EEE

pp

hh 60

10

CC Energy Distributions

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 29: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 29

These plots are for a 10 kton-year exposure

MINOSSensitivity from disappearance

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 30: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 30

MinosA word on atmospheric neutrinos

90 CL

Data taking with Minos FD now

NightWeekend running during installation

Shield (topsides) being installed

Atmospheric analysis under way

Magnetic field ndash separation of μ+ μ-

Not dramatic measurement

But hellip

Interesting measurement is comparison between neutrino anti-neutrino

Assumes Super-K value of Δm2 sin22θ

Fit to LE (shape+norm)

Minos reconstruction software (prelim)

FC + PC events 5 years

SK

Preliminary

sin22θ

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 31: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 31

Aimed at ντ νe appearance

CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)

Experiments

OPERA

ICARUS

νμ from CERN to Gran Sasso

flux Gran Sasso

Baseline = 732 km

400GeV SPS protons

76 1019 potyear

ltEνgt = 17 GeV

Optimised for ντ appearance

Beam by 3rd quarter 2006

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 32: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 32

OPERA ExperimentBriefly

~ 10

m

spectrometerMagnetised Iron Dipoles

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detectorEach ldquosuper-modulerdquo is

a sequence of 31 ldquomodulesrdquo consisting of - a ldquowallrdquo of Pbemulsion ldquobricksrdquo- planes of orthogonal scintillator strips

scintillator strips

brick wall

module

brick(56 PbEm ldquocellsrdquo)

8 cm (10X0)

super module

177 kton

206336 bricks

Lead-emulsion bricks

Aim τ appearance

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 33: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 33

OPERA90 CL in 5 years

OPERA sensitivity

assuming the observation of a number of events corresponding to those expected for the given m2

Very little (no) information on sin22θ

years P3 P4

3 93 83

5 96 91

Probability to observe SuperK signal

90 CL limits m2 ( 10-3 eV2 )

15 32 50

Upper limit 21 38 56

Lower limit 08 26 43(U - L) (2True) 41 19 12

Nτ year 082 282 366

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 34: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 34

ICARUS ExperimentBriefly

Liquid Argon TPC

Bubble chamber like 3D imaging

Absolute timing and trigger from LAr scintillation light

Ambitious multi-purpose detector

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 35: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 35

ICARUSThat Event

2 Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane Drift coord (m)

Elm shower

2 4 6 1812Wire coord (m)

Zoom views

1

32

2

3

stop and decay in e

Detail of a long (14 m) track with -ray spots

Elm shower

T600 test Pv Run 201 - Evt 12

1

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 36: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 36

ICARUSSensitivity

Atmospheric Beam

νμ- ντ νμ- ντ

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 37: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 37

Off Axis ExperimentsNumi

Bernstein (hep-ex0212042)

90 CL

Comparison to Minos capabilityNUMI beam at an off-axis site

New off-axis detector under design(some assumptions made in this plot)

Primary Aim θ13 measurement

See talk by Alfons Weber at this meeting for details on Numi off-axis project

Sensitivity to Δm2 similar to Minos

Sensitivity to θ23 a little better

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 38: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 38

Off Axis ExperimentsJHF - Overview

Super-K 50 kt

Conventional νμ beam of ~ 1GeV

Hyper-K 1Mt

075MW 50 GeV PS

4MW 50GeV PS

This project and θ13 covered in detail later

by Dave Wark

Aim for precision

measurement of Δm2

23 θ23

NB θ13

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 39: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 39

JHFSensitivity to Δm2

23 θ23

(m232 ) ~ lt 110-4 (~4)

(sin22) ~ 001 (~1)

(si

n2 2

)(

m23

2 )

True m232 (eV2)

OAB 2ordm

νμ disappearancePhase I 5 year run

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 40: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 40

Dreaming of hellip

bull Very long baseline projects

ndash Japan ndash China

ndash Brookhaven ndash S DakotaSoudanhellip

ndash

bull Neutrino Factory

bull Focus on CP violation and high precision measurements

bull Not discussed here

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary
Page 41: θ 23  - experiments

GF Pearce 41

Summary

bull Clear effect in atmospheric neutrinosndash Observed by very different experiments in different locations

bull νμ - ντ oscillation supported by first long baseline expt (K2K)ndash Physics is being measured

bull Best parameter measurement is currently from SuperKndash sin22θ gt 092 90 CL Best Fit Value sin22θ =1

bull Precision confirmation and improved measurements with controlled beam over next few years (Minos)

bull JHF + 5 years =gt measurement at ~ 1bull Far Future ndash very long baseline neutrino factory in design RampD phase

bull θ23 is close to maximal How close Why Is it actually л4

  • θ23 - experiments
  • Neutrino Oscillations
  • Oscillation Probabilities
  • Oscillation Analyses
  • Atmospheric Neutrinos
  • Super Kamiokande
  • SuperK ν events
  • SuperK Event Summary
  • SuperK Zenith Angle Distributions
  • SuperK νμ - ντ fits
  • SuperK 3-flavour oscillation analysis
  • Slide 12
  • Soudan2
  • Soudan2 Neutrino Events
  • Soudan2 LE
  • Soudan2 Oscillation Parameters (Feldman-Cousins Analysis)
  • MACRO Gran Sasso Laboratory Italy
  • MACRO Results
  • Atmospheric Limits Summary
  • K2K The first long baseline experiment
  • K2K Near Detector(s)
  • K2K Events
  • K2K Limits
  • MINOS
  • MINOS Beam
  • MINOS Detectors
  • MINOS Far Detector Installation complete MayJune 2003
  • MINOS Oscillation parameter measurement - nm disappearance
  • MINOS Sensitivity from nm disappearance
  • Minos A word on atmospheric neutrinos
  • CERN to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
  • OPERA Experiment Briefly
  • OPERA sensitivity
  • ICARUS Experiment Briefly
  • ICARUS That Event
  • ICARUS Sensitivity
  • Off Axis Experiments Numi
  • Off Axis Experiments JHF - Overview
  • JHF Sensitivity to Δm223 θ23
  • Dreaming of hellip
  • Summary