Εδαφομηχανική Ι Σημειώσεις 2011 Α μέρος - Soil Mechanics 2011 Part A
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E ∆ΑΦΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗ Ι 5 ο εξάμηνο Πολιτικών Μηχανικών Ε. Μ. Π. E ∆ΑΦΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΗ Ι 5 ο εξάμηνο Πολιτικών Μηχανικών Ε. Μ. Π. ∆ΙΑΛΕΞΕΙΣ του Γ. ΜΠΟΥΚΟΒΑΛΑ Καθηγητή Ε.Μ.Π. Ακαδ. Έτος 2010 – 2012 ∆ΙΑΛΕΞΕΙΣ του Γ. ΜΠΟΥΚΟΒΑΛΑ Καθηγητή Ε.Μ.Π. Ακαδ. Έτος 2011 – 2012
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Εδαφομηχανική Ι Σημειώσεις του Καθηγητή Γ. Μπουκοβάλα 2011 Α μέρος - Soil Mechanics notes from G. Bouckovalas 2011 Part A
Transcript of Εδαφομηχανική Ι Σημειώσεις 2011 Α μέρος - Soil Mechanics 2011 Part A
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MHXANIKH , , & , ,
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( ), Mohr-Coulomb, M-C, .
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d=0. 06
2. 00 mm
d < 0.002mm 2m d < 0.002mm 2m
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! ;
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! ! !
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! ! !
At around 5:30am on June 27,2009 an unoccupied building, still under construction, at LianhuananRoad in the Minxing district of Shanghai city.
toppled over.
One worker was killed !
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......
!!!
850 ...850 ...
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2002 2002
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: ()
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()
: .
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...
Adapazari, Turkey (1999)
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Kocaeli(Izmit), 1999:
lateral spreadinglateral spreading
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Kocaeli(Izmit), 1999
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( lateral spreading)
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Hokkaido, JAPAN 2003
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Kobe 1995
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. . . . . . . . . . . .
(, , .)
(, , .)
& .............. & ..............
1 2
,
,
2 3
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O . . . . .O . . . . .
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1.
2. -
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6. :
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:: ... . , , pipi. . . . ......
1. . (www.georgebouckovalas.com)
2. .
3. .
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ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICSB. M. Das
SOIL MECHANICS & FOUNDATIONSMuni Budhu
SOIL MECHANICSArnold Verruijt
http://geo.verruijt.net/software/SoilMechBook.pdf
SOIL MECHANICS IN ENGINEERING PRACTICEKarl Terzaghi, Ralph Peck & G. Mesri
SOIL MECHANICS T. W. Lambe & R. V. Whitman
SOIL MECHANICSF. Craig
AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERINGR. D. Holz & W. W. D. Kovacs
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(e, n, Dr)
(w, Sr)
Atterberg
3.
4. AUSCS
1. &
2.
I:
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10-
1. & 1. &
()
, , , , .
:
: d > 50 mm
: d = 2 50 mm
: d = 0.06 2 mm
()
, , CO
2, .
:
: d = 0.002 0.06 mm
: d < 0.002 mm
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..
d=0.06 2.00 mm
(())
WW
NN
TT
WW
NN
TT
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(()) (( ) ) D < 0.002 mm
, . - () , ( ) , 10-5 10-6 mm.
, :
4- SiO4, -4
Si+4
Si+4
O-2 O-2
& 8- Al(OH)6, -3
l+3Al+3
(OH)-1(OH)-1
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, . . . .
8-
4-
,..
Al(OH)6
,..
SiO4
:
( 100)
&
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, ():
d=100 nm = 100 10-6mm/ L/h = 5 10E * .. = 5 15 m2/gr
*.. = /
:
(+)
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, ():
d=1030 nm = 1030 10-6mm/ L/h = 15 30E * .. = 80 100 m2/gr
*.. = /
:
2 (& )
, ():
d=1 nm = 10-6mm/ L/h = 100E * .. = 800 m2/gr
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, , &
MMO / 10 (.. = ..?)
..=80-100m2/gr
..=800 m2/gr
..=5-15 m2/gr
..
:
, 1.0 mm;
;
, , & ( ) 100m x 50m ;
:
, 1.0 mm;
;
, , & ( ) 100m x 50m ;
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+
-
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+ -
+ -
+ -
+ -
2
, , ..
, , .
.
A. Y ( , )
, 2d=3nm
.
B. :
- (.. NaCl)
-
-
Stern-Gouy: Stern-Gouy:
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Coulomb
Wan der Waals
EE
2- 2-
--
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+
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, :
2- ,
.
, , ::
,
&
( Van der Waals) (): . , ... 2011 38
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(marine clay),
;
::
;
(): . , ... 2011 39
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2.
;
..
..
. . . . . .
,
-,
:
.
.
(): . , ... 2011 40
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;
. . . . . .
( )
.
()
,
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(, , ..) ;
(i) (di) . W, Wi
:
W
WWi
i=
1
:
:
=i
ii WWW1
,
: CU = d60 / d10
CU < 5.0
CU > 5.0 - ( )
d > 2 mm
AMMOI
d = 0.062 mm
-
d < 0.06 mm
d60d60d10d10
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= % = % = %
AB
: Cu = d60 / d10 =
; ;
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, . , .
. ,
, :
V
V
V
V
100ee
eeDminmax
max
r
=
VV
e =
oVV
n =
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; ;
100MM
w =
: (0-60%)
100=
VV
rS: (0-100%)
372 mMg
V
M/,=
31 mMg
V
MW
/=
)/ ,,( 322611
1mMg
e
w
V
MM
+
+=
+=
)/ ,,( 381511
1mMg
eV
M
+
==
;
=g
kN/m 3 Mg /m 3 m/ s e c 2
:
:
() :
() (w=0):
( ) ; ( ) ;
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1. :
n=e/(1+e), w = Sr e W,
2. epi=0.60 wpi=20% 190,000 m3 e=0.90 w=10% ,=2.7 gr/m3;
3. ( );
4. (wpi=20% ) ;
5. 30%;
w)(1
11
+=
+
+=
e
w
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>>
>
>>>
,0
w=LL
w=PL
w=SL
(, ,....) ;
(, ,....) ; TERBERG
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Coulomb
Wan der Waals
EE
--
-
-
-
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-
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--
--
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--
-
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
>>
>
>>>
,0
w=LL
w=PL
w=SL
(, ,....) ;
(, ,....) ; TERBERG
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>>
>
>>>
,0
w=LL
w=PL
w=SL
(, ,....) ;
(, ,....) ; TERBERG
d=3 mm
>>
>
>>>
,0
w=LL
w=PL
w=SL
(, ,....) ;
(, ,....) ; TERBERG
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PLLL
PLwIL
=
A T T E R B E R G
L L , P L w ,
:
:
P I I P = L L - P L
:
I L > 1
0 < I L < 1
I L < 0
.
(, ,....) ;
(, ,....) ; TERBERG
(w=LL)
1
(w=PL)
0 IL (-)
ATTERBERG . . . ATTERBERG . . .
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(Young)
Su/vo ? 0,11 + 0,037 x PI
=
3.
=
? 0,44 + 0,42 x PI/100
Ko = 0.44 + 0.42 x PI/100
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33..4. AUSCS
A.U.S.C.S. :
A mericanU nifiedS oil C lassificationS ystem
A.U.S.C.S. :
A mericanU nifiedS oil C lassificationS ystem
() 1 () 1
>50%
>50%
(G)
(S)
(W, CU=d60/d10 >5)
(, CU=d60/d10
-
() 2 () 2
>50%
>50%
I ()
(C)
O ()
()(L, LL50%)
, . . . . , L, CH, CL, OH OL
+ Atterberg (LL & PL)+ Atterberg (LL & PL)
: PI = 0.73 (LL-20)
-
U
U : PI 0.90 (LL-8)[ ]
( ) CASSAGRANDE
( ) CASSAGRANDE
>50%
>50%
, ,
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AUSCS
AUSCS
() A.U.S.C.S.() A.U.S.C.S.
AUSCS
AUSCS
() A.U.S.C.S.() A.U.S.C.S.
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GW:
GP:
GM:
SW:
SP:
SM:
SC:
ML:
CL:
OL:
MH:
CH:
OH:
Pt:
A-
G= (gravel), S=(sand), M=,= , C=(clay),W=well graded, P=poorly graded, L=low plasticity,H=high plasticity, Pt = (peat)
A-
G= (gravel), S=(sand), M=,= , C=(clay),WW=well graded, PP=poorly graded, LL=low plasticity,HH=high plasticity, PtPt = (peat)
1. & ( Atterberg ;)
2. 70% (.. - , ), w=50%, LL=55% PL=15%. ;
1. & ( Atterberg ;)
2. 70% (.. - , ), w=50%, LL=55% PL=15%. ;
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AAA
BBB
A (SM)AA ((SMSM))
B (SP SP-SM)B (B (SP SP SPSP--SMSM))
(CH) ((CHCH))
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( ) Cassagrande ( ) Cassagrande
-
U
(w=LL)
1
(w=PL)
0 IL (-)
ATTERBERG . . . ATTERBERG . . .
IL, = 0.875IL, = 0.875
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. . .
&
&
Stern Gouy
; ;
d10
, d50
, CU
e, n, Dr
w, Sr
, ,
.,
.
Atterberg (LL, PL, IP)
Atterberg &
A.U.S.C.S.
Cassagrande
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