1. 2013 1981-2012 : A.M .: 431/2010200

2. 2 , : , , , , , ........ , . , . , , , , . , . , , . , , , . , . . , . . . . , , . . 3. 3 . . , . . Alietro Spinelli1 . . 2 . 1 (1907- 1986) , . , , 10 6 . . . . 1984 .., . . . . 20 . 2010. 2 Spinelli Group, . . . . 21-22 ./..: 1981-2011,( 71-72). 2011. 4. 4 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : EURATOM: : : EURES: : : : : : : : : : : : RTH TLANTIC REATY RGANIZATIN - , ( ) 5. 5 : : : : : .. EUROSTAT: . 6. 6 . . , , 40 . 1949, , , . 9 1950 - , , . , 9 " ". 18 1951 , . , , . : , , , , . : , , , , , . 25 1957 , . , () " ". , . 7. 7 60 1961, , . , , , . 30 1962 () , . . . , . 1990, . " Beatles" 1963. Beatles, , . , . 20 1963 18 . , 78 , ( ). . - . , 1968 . , , , 8. 8 , , . 1 1968 , . . . . 1968 . 600.000 , . , , . 1969, , . 24 1972 1970. , . (), 1972, , 30 . 1970 . , " ". , Greenpeace. 9. 9 1 1973 , , . : , , , , , . : , , . 1973, , . 10 1974. , . , , . . 7 10 1979 . , , (.. "" ""). , . 1974 1975 . , . , , 1978, 1970. 10. 10 , , (1972) 1980, , , . , . , Solidarno. 1981 , . . 1 1981 . 1974. : , , , , , , , , . : . 11. 11 28 1984 . , 1984 Esprit, . 1 1986 1985, , . 17 1986 1968, . . 1986 . , . 15 1987 Erasmus . 2 . . , , 1989. , . 40 ( 1990). 12. 12 , 1991. , , , . 7 1992 . , . , " ". 1 1993 : , , . 200 1986, , , . . 1 1995 , . 15 . 1990, , . 26 1995 : B, , , , , . 13. 13 . , , . 17 1997 . , . 13 1997 : , , , , , , , , . . 2000, . 1 1999 ( , 2001, ). . . : , , , , , , , , , , . , . 2000-2009 11 2001, World Trade Center 14. 14 . 3 000 . . 1 2002 . , . 80 . . , , . . ( ) . 31 2003 , . , . , 2010 , . 1 2004 , , , , , , . 60 . . : , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 15. 15 : , , , , , , , , . : , . 29 2004 25 . 25 . . 25 . , . . . 1 2007 , , , 27. , . 13 2007 16. 16 27 , . , , , , . 1 2009. 2007 , . , . 2008 . . . 3 . 3 http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/index_el.htm 10 2012 17. 17 18. 18 ........................................................................................................... 22 ...............................................................................................24 - .................................................................24 1 : .................................................................................................26 1.1 / / ......................................................................27 1.2 ...................................29 1.3 ................................31 1.4 .......................................................................................32 1.5 .................................................................................34 1.6 ...........................................37 1.7 / .....................................40 1.8 : ..43 1.9 ...........................................................................................46 1 ..............................................................48-50 2 . .............................................................51 2.1 ..........................................................52 2.2 . ....................53 2.3 ...........................54 2.4 . .........................55 2.5 ............................58 2 ..........................................................................60-61 19. 19 3 1981- 2013.....................................................................................................62 3.1 . ........65 3.2 1981-1985 1985- 1989 ............................................................................................................67 3.3 1989 1990 ...........78 3.4 1990...79 3.5 .......................................... 81 3.6 1990-1993 ............... 84 3.7 1993- 1995 ............................................................ 87 3.8 1996 2004............................................................ 90 3.9 2004- 2009 ....................................................... 96 3.10 2008- 2009 ..................................................101 3 ......................................................................103-107 4 : ; ............................................................................................. 108 4.1 ................................................................................ 109 4.2 2007-2008 ............................................... 111 4.3 ............................................................. 112 4.4 ..................................................................114 4.5 ....117 20. 20 4 .....................................................................134 - 137 5 ..........................138-139 5.1 ...........................................................................140 5.2 : ..................................................................141 5.3 : ; ..........144 5.4 : ; ................................................................................149 5.5 ..........................................156 5 ................................................................180-184 ............................................................................................185 .................................................................................188 21. 21 2500 . ........... . , . , . . , , , , , , , . , . - , , , . 22. 22 31 , , , - . , , , , , . 1981 . . , , -. 1980, , . 1985 , . 23. 23 . , . . 90 . , . . , , . -. . , , , , . , ( 1992, 1997, 2001). 1992 8 Schengen . 1994 , . 1996 EURO 1 2002. 2000 (12 -) 2003 . 2008 . , . 24. 24 , , . , . , 1980 . , , . , , . . 2012 . . , 2012 . , , 25. 25 , . , 1981 . , . , . 26. 26 1 . , . , . , . .. 4 , . 4 . , , . , . 24, , , 2011-2012. 27. 27 / / . , , 5 . , , , , , sui-generis , 6 . , , . 70. , , . , , , 7 . , . , 5 .. /. , (), , , 2006, . 16-49. 6 A,K. Lavdas, The Europeanization of Greece: Interest Politics and the crises of Integration, Macmillan, London 1997 7 E.K. Smith, European Union foreign Policy in a Changing World, Policy Press, Cambridge and Oxford, 2003, . 3 28. 28 8 . ., , 9 . , , . , . 90 , . .. . , (, G8 ..), , . , , , .. , 10 . 8 Human Development Report, Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World, United Nation Development Programme, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. 9 P.J. Sewell/B.M. Salter, Panarcy and Other Norms for Global Governance : Boutros Ghali, Rosenau, and Beyond, Global Governance, vol. 1 No. 3, 1995 10 .. /. , .. (. 5), . 16-49. 29. 29 1. / , , , , . , , 11 . , , , . . , , . , . . / , 11 .. , . , . , , 1995, . 15-16. 30. 30 12 . , , , , , , 13 . , , , , , , . . , , , . , ( ). , 20 . . , 12 Jean- Louis Quermonne, , 5 , , 2005, . 9-11. 13 Robert. Jackson/Sorensen, . . : 1, Gutenberg, 2006, . 17-18. 31. 31 , . 2. 14 , , : ) ) (Neofunctional Theory) ) ( Federal Theory)15 ) 1., () (-), 16 . - 1. .. , Quo Vadis Europa 2001 (. 77) 14 S. Hix, , , , 2005, . 552. 15 .. , .. (. 11), . 32. 16 .. , Quo Vadis Europa, , 2001, . 78. 32. 32 , , . . K. DEUTSCH , , , . , . 17 . , David Mitrany : A Working Peace System. , , , , 18 . , 1967, Pinder . , , . Harrison , , 17 . , , , , 2003, . 84. 18 .. , .. ( 16), . 82. 33. 33 19 . Mitrany20 , , , . , , , . , , . . , 21 . The Functional Theory of Politics, , , . 19 i bid, . 84. 20 .. , : , 1994, . 19-30. 21 .. ( 19), (. 84- 85), . Taylor P., The concept of Community and The European Integration Process, Journal of Common Market Studies, 1968, no 2, .86. 34. 34 22 , . , , , 23 . . Ernst B. Haas 1950-195724 Leon Lindberg, , 20 . . , 25 . 22 .. , .. ( 20), . 19-30. 23 .. , .. ( 20), . 19-30. 24 .. , , , 1996, . 75. 25 B.E. Haas, The Uniting of Europe: Political, Social and Economic Forces 1950-1957, Stanford University Press, Stanford 1968, p. 84. 35. 35 , , , , . ( The expansive Logic of Integration) ( Spillover Effect)26 . , . : ) , . ) , ) , . , , , - 27 . , . , . , . Rosamond, , 26 .. , .. (. 11), . 15-16. 27 .. , . . . , . ./. (.), , 1995, . 36-40. 36. 36 Harrison , , 28 . , Jean Monnet 29 . . , , . 30 : . . , , . James Madison31 28 .. , .. (. 16), . 184. 29 . , .. (. 17), . 113. 30 : . , . , . John Locke 31 James Madison 4 ... 1809 1817, . - 37. 37 , , ( ). ( Federal Government), , , , . , , 32 . , , - 33 . (founding fathers) , . Madison 18 19 . Madison . (Articles of Confederation) . ... . , Madison (checks and balances) . , Alexander Hamilton John Jay Federalist Papers.5 ( 1787 1788) . Madison . ( 10 51) . 32 . , .. (. 17), . 86. 33 .. , .. ( 24), . 73-74. 38. 38 34 : , , . , Alietro Spinelli 1950 1984. Friendrich , , , , 1954 35 . .. 1991 , , . . 34 .. , .. (. 27), . 55-58. 35 .. , . , . Maastricht . , 1995, . 37. 39. 39 , , . , 36 . . , , , . , 37 . , . .. , . 36 .. /.. , ; . (), , 2006, . 11-49. 37 . Forsgth, Unions Of States: The Theory And Practice Of Confederation, Leicester University Press, Leicester, 1981, . 1-16 40. 40 / /, , , 38 . , , . : , , . /. : 39 , , , , , , , , , . , 38 . , . , , . /. /. , (.) . 190. 39 , , . 41. 41 , . ( ) . . . . . . , , . , , 40 . . ( . ). . . , : ( ), 40 . , . ., . , 6 : , . . . , -, 2002, . 214-215. . , - . . . , , ./. (), , , 2009, . 47-48. 42. 42 , 27 - . , (.. ), , , , , . . . . . , , : , - , 43. 43 - 41 . : , 42 . , , Forsgth, , 43 . Riker, Foedus , Fides , 44 . , , . ( Contoederatio Helvetica , 1921-1798 1814-1848), ( Republic, 1579-1745) (1781- 1789), Bund(1815-1866), 45 . 41 , 7 2009 (2008/2073), P6_TA(2009)0387, A6-0142/2009. 42 J.D. Elazar, Constitutionalizing Globalization. The Postmodern Revival of confederal Arengments, Rouman and Littlefield, Lanham, 1998, . 213. 43 M. Forsgth, .. (. 37), . 1-16 44 H.W. Riken, European Federalism: The Lessons of past Experience Hesse J.J/Wright V, (edit), Federalizing Europe? The Costs, Benefits and Preconditions of Federal Political Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996, . 10. 45 C. Hughes/K.F. Lister,: From the Ancient Greeks to the United Colonies of new England /, . 57. 44. 44 Sharma Cloudhy : : . . , . . . 46 . . . , : 47 . . , . , . 46 J.D. Elazar, .. (. 42), . 113. 47 .. ( 45), (. 59) 45. 45 . . 48 . . , 49 . H . , , , , . , .. . 48 M.B. Sharma/P.L. Cloudlry, Federal Polity. Asia Publishing House, London, 1967 p. 11-12. . Taylor , Limits Of European Integration. p. 270-275. 49 D.I. Duchacekbv, The Territorial Dimension of Politics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, London, 1970, p. 233. 46. 46 .. , , . , . , . .., . . 27 -, , : . , , , , , , .. 27. , , , . .. . , , , , . , , 47. 47 , , , , , , . ; , , , , , , . , , . . , , , . , . 48. 48 1 A,K. Lavdas, The Europeanization of Greece: Interest Politics and the crises of Integration, Macmillan, London 1997. C. Hughes/K.F. Lister,: From the Ancient Greeks to the United Colonies of new England /. D.I. Duchacekbv, The Territorial Dimension of Politics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, London, 1970. E.K. Smith, European Union foreign Policy in a Changing World, Policy Press, Cambridge and Oxford, 2003, . 3. H.W. Riken, European Federalism: The Lessons of past Experience Hesse J.J/Wright V, (edit), Federalizing Europe? The Costs, Benefits and Preconditions of Federal Political Systems, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996. I bid, . 84. J.D. Elazar, Constitutionalizing Globalization. The Postmodern Revival of confederal Arengments, Rouman and Littlefield, Lanham, 1998. Jean- Louis Quermonne, , 5 , , 2005. M.B. Sharma/P.L. Cloudlry, Federal Polity. Asia Publishing House, London, 1967. P.J. Sewell/B.M. Salter, Panarcy and Other Norms for Global Governance : Boutros Ghali, Rosenau, and Beyond, Global Governance, vol. 1 No. 3, 1995. Robert. Jackson/Sorensen, . . : 1, Gutenberg, 2006. 49. 49 S. Hix, , , , 2005 Taylor P., The concept of Community and The European Integration Process, Journal of Common Market Studies, 1968, no 2. ./. (), , , 2009. . , , . , . 24, , , 2011-2012. . , , , , 2003. . /. /. , (.) , . . . , -, 2002. .. /.. , ; . (), , 2006. .. /. , (), , , 2006. . . , : , 1994. . Forsgth, Unions Of States: The Theory And Practice Of Confederation, Leicester University Press, Leicester, 1981, . 1-16 .. , Quo Vadis Europa, , 2001. 50. 50 .. , . , . , , 1995. .. , . , . Maastricht . , 1995. 51. 51 2 . . . , , , , . 52. 52 , , , . 1. - , . , . . , . 50 , , . . , , , . 50 , . . . . (), , Gutenberg, 2004, . 54. 53. 53 2. . . (, ) , , , , 51 . . . 1821 . , 52 . , . , (1981). , , () . .., . , . , . . , , , , , (, , , ...) 51 .. , , . . . , 2007, . 11-39. 52 .. , . , .. (.), , , 1983, . 17. 54. 54 , , . 2.1 , , , , 18 . 1821 53 . H 18 , (. ). , , , 54 . 1821, . . . , . , , 55 . . . . 1818 53 .. , . , , 2001, . 64-65. 54 .. , . . , , . , , 1977, . 454-484. 55 G. Varouxakis, The idea of Europe in Nineteenth Century. Greek political though, Ph. Carrabot (.) Greece and Europe in the Modern Period: Aspects of a Traibled Relation ship, Centrefor Hellenic studes, Kings College, 1995, . 18. 55. 55 . , .. . , (1886) 56 . , , 30. -- . , . , . . , 57 . 1960 , . . 2.2 . 2 . , . , , (- ), 58 . : , , , . 56 . E. , , 9 1994, . , . , , 1988. 57 . , , (), 7 2005. 58 .. , .. (. 51), . 23. 56. 56 () , (1952). , . ()59 . 1957 . . : N , . ( free trade area)60 . , , , . 61 . , . / 197462 . . 59 -, : 1981-2006. --, , 2007, . 25-27, ( 1.4). 60 . 61 , , , 1 : 1948-1968, . 41-44, 2003, . 108-109-110, . 407-415. 62 .. , (.), , , , . : , , , . , , 2003, . 537-540. 57. 57 , . 63 : 1 : , . 2 : , , , ( 1974). , . 3 : . 4 . , , , , . 5 , 64 . . , , , , . 63 .. , : , , . .1396, 5 1981, , . 54- 57. 64 , , , , ., . 36-39. 58. 58 , . . 2.3 , , , , . , 65 . , , (acquis communau-taire), , , (, , )66 . (, , ), 67 . . , . , . , 65 Kevin Featherstone/. , . , , 2010, . 53-73. 66 .. (.), .. (. 62), . 540. 67 . (.), : , , , 1993. 59. 59 . , , . , , , , , 68 . , , . , , , , 69 . elites , /, , (domestic) . . 68 .. , .. (. 51), . 32. 69 H. Wallace, National Governments and the European Communities, Chatham House, PEP, 1973. 60. 60 2 E. , , 9 1994. G. Varouxakis, The idea of Europe in Nineteenth Century. Greek political though, Ph. Carrabot (.) Greece and Europe in the Modern Period: Aspects of a Traibled Relation ship, Centrefor Hellenic studes, Kings College, 1995. H. Wallace, National Governments and the European Communities, Chatham House, PEP, 1973. Kevin Featherstone/. , . , , 2010. , , , . . .. , . , .. (.), , , 1983. .. , . , , 2001. . , , (), 7 2005. -, : 1981-2006. --, , 2007, . 25-27, ( 1.4). 61. 61 .. , . . , , . , , 1977. , . . . . (), , Gutenberg, 2004. . (.), : , , , 1993. . , . , , 1988. .. , (.), , , , . : , , , . , , 2003, . 537- 540. .. , : , , . .1396, 5 1981, . .. , , . . . , 2007. , , , 1 : 1948-1968, . 41-44, 2003, . 108-109-110, . 407-415. 62. 62 3 63. 63 70 / . 111... 1981 - 1985 222... 1985 - 1989 333... 1990 - 1992 444... 1993 - 1995 555... 1996 - 2000 666... 2000 - 2004 777... 2004 - 2007 888... 2007 - 2009 999... 2009 - 1981, , . 70 : . 0000074209 (, ). 1 1981, . . , , , , , , , . : : , 20 2010 http://www.ert-archives.gr/V3/public/main/page- assetview.aspx?tid=0000074209&tsz=0&autostart=0 64. 64 , , . . , . , , , . , . . , , , , . . , . . 65. 65 3.1 . : , . , , . , , , . 71 . . . , . , . . . , , . , (, ), 72 . . , . , , 71 . , . 1974-1990, 2008, , . 31-51. 72 . /. /. (.), (1966), . 1974- 1994, , . 193-197 66. 66 . : . , . . . , 73 . , , , , , . : , , , . , . , , . 1. . 2. . 73 . , (1966), . /. , , . 67. 67 , . 3. . . , 1973, Bretton woods, 74 . 75 . 3.2 1981-1985, 1985- 1989 18 1981, . 1985. , . , . , . , , , . 18 . 74 . , .. (. 71), . 50-51. 75 . /. (.), : . , , , . . , 1987, .358-485 68. 68 , , . . 76 . 77 : , , , , . . : , , ( ) , , (). 78 . , , 1980. , , - 76 . , , , 2008, . 89-110. 77 http://www.poleconomix.gr/portal/%CF%83%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%89%CF %83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82/%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BF%CE %B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE- %CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9- %CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE 19/11/2012. 78 . , 1949-1974, , (.), . 9, 2003. 69. 69 , 79 . . - , . . , , , , (.. ). , , , , . , , . 80 . . , - 81 . 79 1974-2000, , (.), . 10, 2003 80 . , . , , .. 16, 1983. 81 . , .. (. 76), . 98. 70. 70 . , . , - , . , . . , . , . 82 . - 1981 . . . , 1980, 83 . 82 . , 1990, 80, 80. 83 , . , . 71. 71 , .. , . .84 . / . 1982 () , -. . , , . 85 . . , , , . , . . ( , , , ). , . 84 .. , 1981-1996, , , , , 1997, . 14-33. 85 .. , . , , 1988. 72. 72 , 86 : i. : 1. ( , 1989, ) 2. . ii. (1985)87 ()88 . , 1981-1985 : 1. . , . .. . 1983 .. ( ) 86 -, : 1981-2006. --, , 2007, . 30-36. 87 ., , , , 1988. 88 - , , . , . () : , , , , . 1983 , ( ), . 1984 ( ) . 73. 73 . , -., , . 2. . , , (). (, -) . 3. , ( Genscher-Colombo, - Spinelli). , - : . . . (safety net) . . . . ., . , . , ., 5 (1981-1985). . . ; 74. 74 , 89 . 1985-1989 2 1985 45,8% 40,9% , 9,9% 1,8% . . 1984 - . . 1985 . . - , , 11 1985 20 . , - 90 . . 91 : 89 .. , .. (. 84), . 16-19. 90 . , .. (. 76), . 99. 91 .. (.), .. (. 66), . 543-546. 75. 75 ) . 1984, 1. CU 92 . H , , . , , . 1985, () . , . ) . 1986 . , , , , , . ) 1985 ( ) - ( (). . - . 92 : Naturall, European Political Cooperation (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992). 76. 76 - . 1988 . (, , ), . / . 1988 ( Delors)93 , . 1987, ( . ) .94 . . - . - , , , . . , . , 7 1987, . 93 , 1985, , . . 94 .. (.), .. (. 66), . 546. 77. 77 . . 1988. : . . . , , 1985, . . 95 . 1989, , 96 . . 1987 . , . . 1989. . . 95 ./. , : , , . 1, , ,- , , : , , . 13, . 96 . , : 1980 1990 . (.), -- -, , 1988. 78. 78 1988-1989 - , 97 . . , , , , . . - , . . . , , , . 18 1989, 1981 . 1989 - 1990 , . , 98 . . . 1-10-1989, -. , , , . , . , . 97 . , .. (. 76), . 103. 98 ., .. (. 76), . 106-110. 79. 79 . . , . . . . 99 . 1990 100 , , 101 , . , , . 102 . 99 . /. /. , 1989-1990, , 1990. 100 1990 101 1990 102 6457/90, 16.5.1990. : Original contribution Agence Europe 24 1990 important contribution Arthur Hartog, Greece and European Political Union: from Footnote Country to Full Participant 80. 80 . , ( co decision). . . 4 . - , . (), . . , . ( ). . 103 . 103 Economist 1990 () Who Wants What in the Brave New Europe , The Economist 1 1990. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-9169436.html 19/11/2012. 81. 81 1989 , , , . 1989, anno mirabilis104 , , , . , , 20 . , , 1991105 . . 106 . 1990 . 20 . 1990-1991 1991 , , 2000 ( ). 104 . , .. (. 76), . 111. 105 , , : -5, , 2010, . 300-318. 106 .. , , , , (--), : , , 2010, . 125-145. 82. 82 , . , . . - , , , 107 . . , , , , , . 108 1991, , , , . , 109 . . , . . - , . . . . 107 . , . (.), 1990-2010, , 2010, . 31-48. 108 , .. (. 105), . 313. 109 , .. (. 105), . 318. 83. 83 , 110 . . . . . . 111 . 1995, , . . , 112 . (-FYROM). ( ) , , , 113 . , . , , , 110 . , .. (. 76), . 113. 111 .. ,(), , , /, .. 2002, .203 112 .. (.), .. (. 66), . 546. 113 , The sick Man of Europe, The Economist, 9 1992. 84. 84 . , , . , , , 1996114 . 1990-1993 1990-1993 . . . . . , . . , - . , 1993-1998. . , , . . 114 . , .. (. 76), . 113-114. 85. 85 , , . , 115 . . 1991-1995, , , . , , 1991, , . . , 116 . . , . , , , .. . 115 . , .. (. 76), . 115-116. 116 , , 1992, ( Pinheiro), , , , Vance Owen ( 1993), , : Nova Makedonija.( 2003 , . 471-473, 2003, . 123, 2005, . 150-151). 86. 86 , . , . . 1992 . . 1992, 117 . . , . (FYROM), . (1989-1995) , 118 . 1993 .. ( ), . .. . . 31 1992. . 1992 117 , , , . , . ( 2005,895) 118 . (.), . , - . , . . . 87. 87 . 119 . 1993- 1995 , . . 120 . 16 (), 121 , . , 122 . 4 1995 , , 119 . , .. (. 76), . 121. 120 9 1994 FYROM. . /. 1996. : , . , , . 190. 121 . /. , .. (. 120), . 194. 122 , . 7, : http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/____ 20/11/2012 88. 88 , , 123 . 13 1995 . . , 124 . . 125 . 126 . . 127 , 30 1994 . 12 .., , (casus beli)128 . , . , 1996. 123 ., . ,1996(. 7-37). 124 . , 12/10/2007. : http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_1_12/10/2007_244916 20/11/2012 125 . , (.) 1990- 2010, , . 89- 124. 126 . , .. (. 76), . 125. 127 9 (1982), . 12 ... ., . . . 12 .. , , . . : . 2007, . 297. 128 casus beli 6 ( ), ( . 2 . 4 ..), . 89. 89 1990, . . . 1990 . 1995 .., 1997. . . . 1994- 1998 . , 1994, . (8/3/1995), . 17 1996, , , 22/9/1996 41,49% 162 129 . 129 . , .. (. 76), . 127. 90. 90 1996-2004 . . . , . , , . , , . , , 130 . , . 131 132 . 130 = , , . () , . , , , . , . (1995). , , : (. 9-15). 131 . , . . . . . 36-37. 132 . ( ) : . 12 ( ) 1,5 , . 91. 91 . : ) . , , , , , . 2000, () , , 133 . . . , 3% (). . 60% ( ). . , . , , , II. . ( ) 12 2 , . , , , , . . 133 . ( 1995: 122). . ( ), . 92. 92 ) , , . , , . . . 80, , , , 134 , . . , Cartel Party 135 . , . , , , . 1996-2004 , , , . 1999 2001 , , - 50% 300.000 136 . 134 . , . . , . (.), : , : , 1998 . 157-194. 135 K Detterbeck, Cartel Parties in Western Europe?, Party Politics, Vol. 11, No. 2, p173-191 (2005), Katz, R. & Mair, P. (1995). Changing models of party organization and party democracy. The Emergence of the Cartel Party. Party Politics Vol. 1, No, . 5-28 136 2 ( 1990) 107.000. 3 ( 1994) 156.000, 4 ( 1996). , : 5 ( 1999) 225.000 6 ( 2001) 308.000, , 46.000 ( 12.000 1996). - . 2003, 150.000 93. 93 : , , , , , .. . , , 137 , ( ). / , , , , . ) . . ( , , , , ) , . . , 2004 , . - 138 308.000 2001 , ( ) ! (. , . ;, . , 15 2003) 137 (2001). 138 . , (2000). . 9 2000, . 17-36. . (.), VPRC , 2001. : /. M, . (2004). , . , 20/2. http://www.vprc.gr/2/skall/16_gr.html. Vernardakis, Chr. (2000). Les lections grecques davril 2000. Le cas dun bipartisme convergent. Pole Sud, . .13:145-157 94. 94 ( ), ( ), . . 2004 . 139 . , , , , , , , .. 2004140 . 1996 , 141 , , 1999 142 . , , , , 139 . P.C., Ioakimidis The Europeanization Of Greeces Foreign Policy : Problem land Prospects L. Mitsos-Mossialos (.), Contemporary Greece and Europe Ashgate 2000 (. 359-372). 140 . , .. (. 76), . 130. 141 1976 ( ) 1987 ( Pri- Reis) . 142 1999 . PKK ( , ). ( 178). 95. 95 / . , , 143 . . , . . 10/12/1999, . . , . .. 144 . .. , , . , , , . , , , . , 143 . , .. (. 76), . 132. 144 .. , : . . (.) . . . , -, 2010, . 19-31. 96. 96 . 2001 . 1998- 2000 . 145 . , , , 146 . , . . . 2004 . 147 . 2004- 2009 148 . 2004 , , . , 145 . ,: (): , , . 21-22. 2012. ./.: 1981- 2011, , . 73-85. 146 2002, , .. , . 147 Kevin Featherstone, , . 41. 148 I. , . 2004-2009 : , 2011, . 15- 399. 97. 97 . . , , . . . , . , . 149 . , , . 2004 150 , , . Eurostat 151 , . , 5/7/2004 . 149 . , : , (1993-2010). - 32, , 2010, . 131- 185 150 . . , 22 2004 http://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a- 09f4c564609d/ES040322.pdf 26/11/2012 ( 75). 151 Eurostat 2004, Eurostat , ( , , ..). ( . .) Eurostat, Report on the Revision of the Greek Government Deficit and Dept Figures , 22 November 2004. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/GREECE/EN/GREECE- EN.PDF 26/11/2012. 98. 98 , . , 152 . , . . 153 . 2004 , 2004 2007 154 . . 2007 Ecofin(5/6/2007) . 2009 . (.. ). 155 . 152 . . The Financial Times, 23/12/2004. http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4369836&wordsinarticle=%CE%A3%CE%97%CE% 9C%CE%99%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3 27/11/2012. 153 ( Code Of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency) . http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/2007/eng/051507c.pdf 27/11/2012 154 73 (8/9/2008) 155 . http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_columns_2_27/09/2009_331014 (27/9/2009) 27/11/2012. 99. 99 156 ... ( , ). ... 2004 , . , 157 .. ... , , .. . 2009 , 158 . . 2008 ( ), , SIEMENS 5 . , , . 156 . . . ( .) . . , 2005, . 17-36. 157 , / , . / . ( 1997 , 2001, 2004) 2009. 158 . 2008 2009, . 5-7. SIEMENS, , .. 24/9/2009. http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=85417 27/11/2012. 100. 100 . - 159 . , , , , , . , 160 . , . 2008, 2011 1995161 . 17 2007 . , , 2008162 . 3231/2004( ) 163 . 159 . , Books Journal . 2004- 2009, . 29. 160 2004 , , . 161 1 11 : ( .. ) ( .. ) . 162 http://www.tovima.gr/politics/article/?aid=398135 28/11/2012. 163 http://ekloges-prev.singularlogic.eu/v2007/pages/index.html 28/11/2012. 101. 101 2008- 2009 . , . , 164 2008-2001 2009. , , . 165 . . 2009 , . 2009 12, 7% 166 . , , ( ). 2009 , . 2010 . 2009 , 164 . . 2008-2011, 2009. http://www.minfin.gr/content- api/f/binaryChannel/minfin/datastore/a0/eb/4e/a0eb4ef4aaeb32ded5f2657791821b9ff280d845/a pplication/pdf/2009_02_05_SGP-GR-EL_08.pdf 28/11/2012. 165 Council of the EU, Council Opinion on the Updated Stability programme of Greece, doc 7316/09 ( 10/3/2009) http://www.docstoc.com/docs/28067159/731609-TBcd-1-DG-G-I-COU-CIL- OF-THE-EUROPEA-U-IO-Brussels_-10 28/11/2012. 166 . , - 12% 2009. ( 10/10/2009). 13% . 102. 102 , , G COSKO. 167 . 2009 . 2009 Euro group Jean- Claud Juncker . : , , , 168 . 4 , , ( , , , , ), . , , 2008169 . . , . 167 . , .. (. 149), . 166-177. 168 (11/10/2009). (18/8/2009) http://www.tovima.gr/finance/finance- news/article/?aid=294001&wordsinarticle=%CE%94%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A3%CE% 99%CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%9F%3b%CE%A0%CE%A1%C E%9F%CE%93%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%9C%CE%9C%CE%91 28/11/2012. 169 2008 . , . . 103. 103 3 Code Of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency) . http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/2007/eng/051507c.pdf 27/11/2012 Council of the EU, Council Opinion on the Updated Stability programme of Greece, doc 7316/09 ( 10/3/2009) http://www.docstoc.com/docs/28067159/731609-TBcd-1-DG-G-I-COU- CIL-OF-THE-EUROPEA-U-IO-Brussels_-10 28/11/2012. Eurostat, Report on the Revision of the Greek Government Deficit and Dept Figures , 22 November 2004. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/GREECE/EN/GREECE- EN.PDF 26/11/2012. I. , . 2004-2009 : , 2011. K Detterbeck, Cartel Parties in Western Europe, Party Politics, Vol. 11, No. 2, p173-191 (2005), Katz, R. & Mair, P. (1995). Changing models of party organization and party democracy. The Emergence of the Cartel Party. Party Politics Vol. 1, No, . 5-28 Kevin Featherstone, , . 41. l. Vernardakis, Chr. (2000). Les lections grecques davril 2000. Le cas dun bipartisme convergent. Pole Sud, . .13:145-157 Naturall, European Political Cooperation (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992) P.C., Ioakimidis The Europeanization Of Greeces Foreign Policy : Problem land Prospects L. Mitsos-Mossialos (.), Contemporary Greece and Europe Ashgate 2000. The Economist The sick Man of Europe, 9 1992. The Economist 1 1990. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-9169436.html . . : . 2007. . , 22 2004 http://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a- 09f4c564609d/ES040322.pdf 26/11/2012 ( 75). . , (.), 1974-2000, . 10, 2003 104. 104 . /. /. , 1989-1990, , 1990. . /. 1996. : , . , . . , . (.), 1990-2010, , 2010. . , (2000). . 9 2000, . 17-36. . (.), VPRC , 2001. : /. M, . (2004). , . , 20/2. http://www.vprc.gr/2/skall/16_gr.htm . ,: (): , , . 21-22. 2012. ./.: 1981- 2011, . . , - 12% 2009. ( 10/10/2009). 13% . ., , , , 1988. . , 12/10/2007. : http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_1_12/10/2007_244916 20/11/2012 ( 1997 , 2001, 2004) 2009. .. 24/9/2009. http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=85417 27/11/2012. -, : 1981-2006. --, , 2007, . 30-36. : . 0000074209 105. 105 (, ) , , , , . : : , 20 2010 http://www.ertarchives.gr/V3/public/main/pageassetview.aspx?tid=0000074209&tsz=0&autost art=0 , , : -5, , 2010. http://www.tovima.gr/politics/article/?aid=398135 28/11/2012. http://ekloges-prev.singularlogic.eu/v2007/pages/index.html 28/11/2012. . , (1966), . /. , , . . ( .) . . , 2005. . , . 1974-1990, 2008, , . 31-51. . , Books Journal . 2004- 2009. . , , , 2008. .. , , , , (--), : , , 2010, . 125-145. . The Financial Times, 23/12/2004. http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4369836&wordsinarticle=%CE%A3%CE%97%CE%9 C%CE%99%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3 27/11/2012. . , . . , . (.), : , : , 1998 . 157-194. 106. 106 73 (8/9/2008) http://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/a08fc2dd-61a9-4a83-b09a- 09f4c564609d/ES040322.pdf 26/11/2012 . , ;, . , 15 2003 . , . , , .. 16, 1983. . , 1990, 80, 80. . . ,(), , , /, .. 2002. . , : , (1993-2010). - 32, , 2010. . /. (.), : . , , , . . , 1987. . (.), . , . , . . . . , . . . . .. , . , , 1988. .. , 1981-1996, , , , , 1997. .. ,(), , , /, .. 2002. ., . ,1996. . , (.) 1990- 2010, ,. 107. 107 19/11/2012. (11/10/2009). (18/8/2009) http://www.tovima.gr/finance/finance- news/article/?aid=294001&wordsinarticle=%CE%94%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A3%CE%99% CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%9F%3b%CE%A0%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%93 %CE%A1%CE%91%CE%9C%CE%9C%CE%91 . 2008-2011, 2009. http://www.minfin.gr/content- api/f/binaryChannel/minfin/datastore/a0/eb/4e/a0eb4ef4aaeb32ded5f2657791821b9ff280d84 5/application/pdf/2009_02_05_SGP-GR-EL_08.pdf 28/11/2012. . /. /. (.), (1966), . 1974- 1994, , . .. , : . . (.) . . . , -, 2010. . , 1949-1974, , (.), . 9, 2003 . ./. , : , , . 1, , ,- , , : , , . 13, 108. 108 4 : ( ) , ; , , ; , ; , , . , , . . - - . , . , , , , . , , , . . , 109. 109 : . , , ! , , ; , , . , , 170 . . 171 . , , 172 . . , 173 , , , , 1973, , . , , 170 . , . . 8 6 1961-1981. , , 1995, . 155. 171 , , , , .... 172 . . ( , ) http://www.alfavita.gr/artra/art13_7_9_0703.php 173 20 , , , , , , , , , , . 110. 110 . , 1989, 174 . , , , , .., . 1 175 , , , , , . , , , . , (7) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) , )176 . 174 , , . 175 . . ( , ) http://www.alfavita.gr/artra/art13_7_9_0703.php 176 . /. , , Rosili, 2011, . 21. 111. 111 , , , , (, , .), . , , , , 177 . 2007-2008. 2008 2009 . 1980 1990 , . Dot.Com 2001, Federal Reserve Bank178 . , . (subprime loans) , . , , 179 . , , , , 180 . , . , 21 . 177 . , , , 2011, . 152. 178 . , .. (. 177), . 263. 179 . , 1974-2008, , 2011, . 274. 180 . /. , .. (. 176), . 183. 112. 112 , , -, 181 . . 2007-2008 , . , , . 182 , , . . 183 , , 184 . , ( ), 181 R. Gilpin, , , 9 , A 2010, . 392-400. 182 , 183 2007-2008, , - . , , ( ), spreads . - . , .( spread , ). 184 , Dexia (), Proton (), Bankia ( 113. 113 185 . , , - , (, , ) (, ). , . , , . , , . . , , . 2013 , . , , , , , , 186 . , , , , , , , . , , , ( ), (Private Sector Involvement, PSI), (haircut), , , ( - ..)187 . 185 . /. , .. (. 176), . 156. 186 . 187 J. De Haan/S. Oosterloo/D. Schoenmaker, Financial Markets & Institutions: A European Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012 114. 114 . . LEMAN BROTHERS 188 . 2009 , . , (), 189 . , . , , . , . , BRICs (Brazil, Russia India China). 188 I. , , , 2009, . 25-66. 189 , , , (, , , ). 115. 115 116. 116 Euro-Area government gross dept (% of GDP Source: Economist 117. 117 - 4 2009 . , . . , 12%190 . 20 . Ecofin 2009 12,5% 6% 191 ( 2010 15,4%). Fitch192 -. , . 190 http://www.euro2day.gr/news/economy/124/articles/549835/Article.aspx 29/11/2012 191 http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4542129 29/11/2012 192 (, , ). : Moodys - Standard & Poors- Fitch Ratings. , . Enron, Lehman Brothers, Fannie Mae Freddie Mac . Moodys Hanover Re . Moodys 175 . . . , , , , . Credit Rating AgenciesNRSROs". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 25 September 2008. http://www.sec.gov/answers/nrsro.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-30 http://oikonomica.com/2011/12/26/credit_raring_agencies/ 118. 118 , 193 . 20 2009 , , . . 8 Fitch +. Standard and Poors 16 , . , 23 , Moodys194 . 2010 Spreads195 : spreads, 21 2010 Spread 300 1000 2010196 . 193 http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4546615 29/11/2012 194 http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_economy_1_23/12/2009_38448 195 Boutsikas M.V. (2005-7), & , ( ), , () . , . . . . , , 11%, 3%, 8%, 800 . 2008 100 (1%), 2011 2000 (20%) . 196 : . http://www.naftemporiki.gr/photos/slideshow.asp?id=24529 30/11/2012 spreads, 1000 (28-04-2010) http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22770&subid=2&pubid=11444974 30/11/2012 119. 119 3 2010, 80 (15) 30 ()197 . 3 : " " () " " () " " (). . 8 2010 " " ("Loan Facility Agreement ") " " ("Stand-by Agreement") . "" . (), 197 () . 27 1945 , 29 80% . , , , 1 22 1944. . . - . ( " "). , . , , , , . , , . , , . " ", , , . . , , Globalization and its Discontentss Stieglitz Joseph . New York: WW Norton & Company, 2002. 120. 120 () (), "", "" ( ) . 2010, . 198 . , 9 , 10%, . . 3 . 199 : 30% , , . 12% . 7% , , . 4,5 5%, 9 10%, 19 21%. 15% . 10% 30% ( ) . ( 2003), . 198 . M, (26-01-2011) http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_columns_1_26/01/2011_430097 30/11/2012. 199 . , 3 http://www.enet.gr/?i=issue.el.home&date=04/03/2010&id=137789 30/11/2012. 121. 121 , . 5 11 . , , , . 23 200 . , , 201 . 2 : 13 14 500 3.000 13 14 800 2500 . 8% 3% . 21% 23%, 10% 11% ( 1 2010) 11% 13% ( 1 2011) 6,5% ( 1 2011). , 10%. 200 http://news.in.gr/greece/article/?aid=1129265 30/11/2012. 201 (05-05-2010) 2010 - 2014 . . . http://www.tanea.gr/ellada/article/?aid=4573072 30/11/2012. 122. 122 . 10% . , . , 65 2013 2011. 202 5 , . ( ) Marfin . , 6 . 172 , , ( ' ). , ( , ) , 157 203 . 12 2011 1 7.5 204 . 29 2011 " 2012-2015". 202 , "" : ( .3845/2010 .3847/2010) . , 3/5 . , , . . 203 - ( 6 2010) http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=159334 30/11/2012. 204 . , (2011-03-12) http://www.tovima.gr/politics/article/?aid=389322 30/11/2012. 123. 123 5 . , . , , , . . 205 , . 9 2010 . , . 12 , . 4.000 , 10% 1.800 . 15 , , 156 . 2010 142,8% 10,5%. 4,5%. 2011 , . , . , 205 , http://www.skai.gr/files/1/pdf/anergia_2010_10.pdf 30/11/2012. 124. 124 , 4 . 16,2%206 . . . , , . . 207 . 14 , , 155 . 15 . . 16 , . 21 , . . . 29 , . . . 208 . 155 (154 1 ). 206 16,2% ( 08 2011) http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4634820 30/11/2012. 207 2011. 30 . ( : 04/07/2011) http://www.tovima.gr/finance/article/?aid=409325 30/11/2012. 208 ., . . 2011-07-01. http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.politikh&id=289314 30/11/2012. 125. 125 . . . ( ) . 50 . : 8.000 . 12.000 . . . . 2%. : 1450 , 4% 10% , 6% 14%. : . 20% . 2 3 . 126. 126 . 21 . 158 . 109 (49 ), 37 , 12 . 15 30 2020209 . Fitch Moodys . , . . . , , . -. , . , . 210 : . . 209 158 . (21 -07- 2011) http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=295123 30/11/2012. 210 http://news247.gr/oikonomia/metra_sok_gia_thn_ekth_dosh.1378362.html 30/11/2012. 127. 127 . . 8.000 5.000 . . 23 . 27 211 50% 130 . , 50%. 2021 . 30 212 213 . 211 PSI ( Private Sector Involvement - ) OSI, (Official Sector Involvement - ). (, ) , , -. . . 26 , , 27/10/2011, . Official Sector Involvement Private Sector Involvement. http://www.minfin.gr/portal/el/resource/contentObject/id/a85f1f13-8242-432b-a8a1-9f8d45451dc1 30/11/2012. 212 (European Financial Stability Facility - EFSF) (special purpose vehicle ) 27 9 2010 . 7 2010 4 2010. . . To EFSF , , 128. 128 , , . , . 31 . . , . , 214 . G-20, . . . 215 . 3 , . . (AAA Fitch Ratings Standard & Poors aa Moodys). 16 2012 Standard & Poors AA+. 213 ., 10 (27-10-2011) http://www.tovima.gr/finance/article/?aid=427551 30/11/2012. 214 : . ( , , 1998) 215 . , ... (03-11-2011) http://www.real.gr/DefaultArthro.aspx?page=arthro&id=102831&catID=11 30/11/2012. 129. 129 . . , 4 , 153 ( ) 145 . 6 , . . , , . 10 . , , . 18,4% , , 20,9% . . 2012 , 216 . 216 . , 18 . 130. 130 10 2012 : 22% ( 751 586 ) 32% 25 . 150.000 2015, 15.000 2012. . . , , , , . . . 20 . 25%. 200 , . . 12 2012 ( (....), , , 131. 131 .) 13 . 199 , 74 5 . 9 PSI. 95,7%. 8,5 20 . (CACs) ISDA CDS 3,2 217 . 11 . 6 . 6 . . . 16 17 . 17 , . , . 2013-2016 2013-2016. 5 , 216 , . 18,9 , 9,4 2013218 . 7 153 , . 217 . , CDS- ISDA: http://www.real.gr/DefaultArthro.aspx?page=arthro&id=130232&catID=2 1/12/2012. 218 . , 9,4 . 4,5% 2013 132. 132 : 2 , 1-1-2013. 5 15%, 1.000 . 83%. . , . 4 6 . . . , , . . 23 . . 25 . ( 01/11/2012) http://www.skai.gr/news/finance/article/216203/metra-upsous-94-dis-euro-kai-ufesi-45-sto- mesoprothesmo-gia-to-2013/ 1/12/2012 133. 133 , . , . . 134. 134 4 . , . . 8 6 1961-1981. , , 1995. . . ( , ) http://www.alfavita.gr/artra/art13_7_9_0703.php . /. , , Rosili, 2011 . , , , 2011. . , 1974-2008, , 2011. R. Gilpin, , , 9 , A 2010. . De Haan/S. Oosterloo/D. Schoenmaker, Financial Markets & Institutions: A European Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. I. , , , 2009. http://www.euro2day.gr/news/economy/124/articles/549835/Article.aspx 29/11/2012 http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4542129 29/11/2012 Credit Rating AgenciesNRSROs". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 25 September 2008. http://www.sec.gov/answers/nrsro.htm . Retrieved 2009-04-30 http://oikonomica.com/2011/12/26/credit_raring_agencies/ http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4546615 29/11/2012 135. 135 http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_economy_1_23/12/2009_38448 M.V. Boutsikas (2005-7), & , : . http://www.naftemporiki.gr/photos/slideshow.asp?id=24529 30/11/2012 : spreads, 1000 (28-04-2010) http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22770&subid=2&pubid=11444974 30/11/2012 . , Globalization and its Discontentss Stieglitz Joseph . New York: WW Norton & Company, 2002. . M, (26-01-2011) http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_columns_1_26/01/2011_430097 30/11/2012. . , 3 http://www.enet.gr/?i=issue.el.home&date=04/03/2010&id=137789 30/11/2012. 2010 - 2014 . . . http://www.tanea.gr/ellada/article/?aid=4573072 30/11/2012. . , (2011-03-12) http://www.tovima.gr/politics/article/?aid=389322 30/11/2012. , http://www.skai.gr/files/1/pdf/anergia_2010_10.pdf 30/11/2012. 16,2% ( 08 2011) http://www.tanea.gr/oikonomia/article/?aid=4634820 30/11/2012. 136. 136 2011. 30 . ( : 04/07/2011) http://www.tovima.gr/finance/article/?aid=409325 30/11/2012. ., . . 2011-07-01. http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.politikh&id=289314 30/11/2012. 158 . (21 -07- 2011) http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=295123 30/11/2012. http://news247.gr/oikonomia/metra_sok_gia_thn_ekth_dosh.1378362.html 30/11/2012. Official Sector Involvement Private Sector Involvement. http://www.minfin.gr/portal/el/resource/contentObject/id/a85f1f13-8242-432b- a8a1-9f8d45451dc1 30/11/2012. 10 (27-10-2011) http://www.tovima.gr/finance/article/?aid=427551 30/11/2012. . , ... (03-11-2011) http://www.real.gr/DefaultArthro.aspx?page=arthro&id=102831&catID=11 30/11/2012. . , 18 . . , CDS- ISDA: http://www.real.gr/DefaultArthro.aspx?page=arthro&id=130232&catID=2 1/12/2012. . , 9,4 . 4,5% 2013 137. 137 ( 01/11/2012) http://www.skai.gr/news/finance/article/216203/metra-upsous-94-dis-euro-kai-ufesi- 45-sto-mesoprothesmo-gia-to-2013/ 1/12/2012 138. 138 5 139. 139 , , . . , . , , . , , . H . ' , , , 219 . . , , . . , , . , , 219 . , (26.6.12) http://politicalreviewgr.blogspot.gr/2012/06/blog-post_1110.html 1/12/2012. 140. 140 . . , , , . : ; , , , , , 220 . . 1928- 1932221 . , , , . 220 . , , . , / . / . / . / / / / / . - 1 . - : , 2012, 2011 . 27-100. 221 (), () 9 2009, : 1. 2. 3. . 141. 141 : , . , , , , . , , , . , Eurostat, 20 . 30% 8 222 . , 223 . 1981 224 , . , . , , . , , , . , - , 222 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-EK-12-001/EN/KS-EK-12-001-EN.PDF 1/12/2012 . 13 223 . /. , 2008, , 103, - 2008, . 224 . , (2000). , , , 50 (1-2), . 199-217. 142. 142 , , . 225 . ) , , , . . , , , . , , . , , , . , . , . ) , , , , , . 226 . 225 . , .. 2012. , . 16. 226 : . /. /. /. /. /. , 2012. 143. 143 ) 227 , , , . , , . ) , , . , , , . , . . . . . . , , , , . , . 227 . . http://www.oe-e.gr/publ/ecocr/ecocr.pdf 2/12/2012. 144. 144 . North (1990)228 , , , , . , , , . , . , . . 229 . 230 , . 30 , . , 231 . 228 North (formal rules) (informal constraints), . North , . , . , , 229 . , . , (1993-2010), , 2010. 230 .. , , , 2001. 231 . , . , (. 229) 145. 145 . , , , - . // 232 : 1 : - () () , . () , , . , ( , , ..), , , , . , , , . 2 : - 1974 ( , , ..), . 232 .. , , ., . : 1981-2011. . . 2012. . 85-90. 146. 146 , , .. () , , . 233 . 233 . , , , , , , . . , (catch-up), ( ) . , , - - , . , , . , , . , , , . , . , / (), / , , / . , , , . . . , , , , , 1978 -: , , , , , 1987. . 17-20.. 22-23 137-139. . , , , , 2002. , . , , , , , ( ), . 147. 147 3 : - . . , , , , . , . 4 - (Post-modern) R.Cooper234 , . , ( ) . , , , , , : , , - , - , ( ) . . , . (1830-1922), , , 1977 , . , , , 1981. , -, . . , , , , , 1975 . , , 1880-1909, , , 1977 , . . , , . /. /. (.), . , 1974-1994, . 302-309. 234 R. Cooper, The Breaking of Nations, Order and Chaos in the Twenty First Century, Atlantic Book, 2003, . 26-40. 148. 148 (.. ), , (internet, , ..) (bordless world). - . ( ), . , , . - 5 : , , , . , , , , .. . , , . 235 . -, .. , , . , , . 235 (Greek exceptionalism). . , (). , . . .. , , , , , 2007. 149. 149 , . . , . , . ; ; ; ; ; ; ; . , , . 236 : 1. , . ( , , ) . . - . 3 ( , ..). () , . 236 .. , http://www.booksreview.gr/ 4/12/2012 150. 150 2. - . , . , , . . 3. . . . , . 4. ; ; . , , , . , . , . 151. 151 : , . , , , , , 237 . , , , , 27 238 . , , . 2011 , , , , , , 2013. , , 237 . , : , : . , , 2011. . 13- 22. 238 . , : , : . , , 2010, . 43-55. 152. 152 , , 239 . , . , , , 240 . , 1990, 21 . , , 241 , . , ( ,, ..). 242 . . , , 239 http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/focuson/crisis/2009-02_en.htm 4/12/2012 240 . , .. (. 239), . 14. 241 , 31 2012 EUCO 107/1/12 REV 1 PRESSE 237 PR PCE 91. . http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/el/ec/130679.pdf 4/12/2012. 242 . , ( 2008) http://www.proeuro.gr/articles.php?artid=2705&lang=1&catpid=1&fdid=17&fdpage=1 4/12/2012 153. 153 , 243 , - ( ). , , /, , , 244 . , , 243 2012 (..). 3% . 244 2011 50 60. , . , . , , , . , , . , , , , . 2011 . , , , , , , . , , , , , . . , . ., , , : , http://www.epohi.gr/portal/diethni/8999 4/12/2012. 154. 154 245 , . , ( , , ). . ( ), , , ..( )246 . , , , , . 245 1985. . , . , . , , . () , 1997. , , . http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/free_movement_of_persons_asylum_imm igration/l33020_el.htm 4/12/2012 246 . , ( ) . . : , , 2010, . 319- 329. 155. 155 27 , , ( 247 ). . 6%, , . , , / , ( ). (, , , ), , , , , , . , . , , / , . 247 18 1929. . , . , , - , . , , - , . : (18-11-2011) www.epohi.gr/portal/theoria/10673 5/12/2012 156. 156 , , , ( ) . , , , ( , , ), 248 . , 249 . : . : , , , ; ' : 250 . : ; , ; ; . . . . ;. , , 248 Economist , 22/9/2009 http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_economyagor_2_22/02/2009_304427 5/12/2012 249 . , , , ( 2008) 250 / LE MONDE Ulrich Beck ! : 06 . 2012 http://www.24grammata.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/crisi-di-democrazia-in-europe- 24grammata.com_.pdf 5/12/2012 157. 157 . , , . . . : . . , , . . . . 251 . : ... 252 , , , . , , , 251 Heinrich Bll. . http://gef.eu/uploads/media/EL_Solidarity_and_Strength.pdf 5/12/2012 252 Streeck Wolfgang, 2008 vendredi 23 mars 2012, par Streeck Wolfgang, [ ()] LE monde-diplomatique http://www.mondediplomatique.gr/spip.php?article323 5/12/2012 158. 158 , . , . , / . . , , , , . , 27 . / , (, , , ), . , 21 . , . 159. 159 ... 253 , , . , - - . : , . . , , , , ; , , ; ; . , , Tipperary. , , . , . , - 19 . . , 253 Garton Timothy.The Crisis of Europe .How the Union Came Together and Why Its Falling Apart September/October 2012. Foreign Affairs Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138010/timothy-garton-ash/the-crisis-of-europe 6/12/2012 160. 160 . , , 80%. , , 13 . , . , , -, , . , , , , . , , , , . ING, 10% , . , . ( 1930, , ). , . , : . Monnet , Jean Monnet, . , , , 161. 161 . ! . , 40 , . , . , ; . 500 . , . , , , , , . , . , . ; , , - : , , , . , 2030, . , . , . , , . , . 2001, George W. Bush , ;. , , . , , 162. 162 , . , . , . , , . , , , , . , , . . , . , , . , . . , . : , !. , . , , Radoslaw Sikorski, , , , : , . ... , 254 , , , . . , 254 http://foreignaffairs.gr/articles/69049/timothy-garton-ash/i-krisi-tis-eyropis?page=show 19/2/2013 163. 163 , . , - , - , ( , , !). , , . , 20 , , , . , . , . , . . , B: Bundestag ( , - , ), Bundesverfassungsgericht ( , 1945 ), Bundesbank ( ), , Bild. . 2012, 164. 164 49% . , . , , . ... , 1945, , . , . Edelman: , , , - . , . , . , 22 , . , . , , . . . , , , . . , , , , - 1940. , 25 . , . . , 10%. , 165. 165 . , , , . 10 . 1943 , - . 2003, : , , . , . , 2011, , . , , 15 1945 , , . 15 2003, , : , , . ; . , . ACTA (Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, ), . , Occupy Wall Street , , , . , Mary Kaldor Sabine Selchow London School of Economics, . . , , 166. 166 , Patrick Chappatte : ! . , . , , : , , . , , , , , . 2005 , . ... 255 , , , , - . 27 . . , : , , , 255 http://foreignaffairs.gr/articles/69180/sotiris-ntalis/i-ee-pros-tin-%C2%ABomospondopoiisi%C2%BB 16/2/2013 . 19/2/2013. 167. 167 -. , . , . , , - , . . , , . , , . , : , . , , - , . . , , , 168. 168 , 2011. 4 2011, , . , . , , , , , , . ... 256 / , . , , , , . . , / , , . , 256 . , .. (. 238), . 30-34. 169. 169 , , , . , , , . , , 27 . , , ( , , , ), , . , . , , . ... , , , (/ ) 170. 170 . , , . , , 20, . , , . , , , - 257 . , , . . , . , , . ... 258 , Fitch Ratings, Standard & Poor's Moody's, () , (.. ), . 257 . , .. (. 238), . 38-77. 258 * Moody's 1909 . * Fitch 1913. * Standard & Poor's . 1860, . 171. 171 , . , . , (), , . , (.. AAA) , . Moody's 1909 . Fitch 1913. Standard & Poor' s . 1860, . , 1941, Poor's Standard Statistics Bureau, , , 1906. Fitch , S&P Moody's. Standard & Poor's S&P, . . , , . . , , . , , spreads . 172. 172 , . , , ' . , , . . , , , , , 259 . 260 . , . , . , . 259 http://newsite.kathimerini.com.cy/index.php?bws&pageaction=kat&modid=3&criteria=set&contains=%CE %B2%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1&pagenum=10 19/2/2013 260 173. 173 . . , . , , Leonardo Domenici (, ). ( ) , . , . , , , , . , , , , . , 174. 174 . . 2020 , (. ). , , 10% , . , , 5% , . ... EUROGROUP261 , . . () , , , . ' , 261 .. , . Eurogroup 5-4-2013 175. 175 . Eurogroup . - ( , ) . , , - , . , , () , . , Eurogroup , , , , , , , Eurogroup () , , (, .., 100.000 ). , Eurogroup . , Eurogroup , , , , . , Eurogroup ( ) , , , , -. , . , , . , , - , . , , 176. 176 : . ( , ), . ( / , ). , , , . , Eurogroup , . , . ( , , ). ... 262 1 2004, , . (, , , , , ) ( ). 1 2007 , , , . - 263 . , , 262 .. , ; : , , 2007, . 73- 83 263 , , COM ( 2005) 534, , 25 2005. 177. 177 , . , - , . , , . ( ) , . , . ... 264 . 1945, . , . . , . , . 21 : , , , . . 2012 . 264 Timothy Garton Ash, . . . 26 2012 178. 178 . . , ()265 , . , . . ... , 266 . , . . . , . . . , , 265 .. , ; . . . 26 2012 266 . , . . . 26 2012 179. 179 , . 267 . 267 . , . . . 26 2012 180. 180 5 Economist Economist , 22/9/2009 http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_economyagor_2_22/02/2009_304427 5/12/2012 EUROPA http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/focuson/crisis/2009-02_en.htm 4/12/2012 EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-EK-12-001/EN/KS-EK-12- 001-EN.PDF 1/12/2012 . 13 Foreignaffairs http://foreignaffairs.gr/articles/69049/timothy-garton-ash/i-krisi-tis- eyropis?page=show 19/2/2013 Garton Timothy.The Crisis of Europe .How the Union Came Together and Why Its Falling Apart September/October 2012. Foreign Affairs Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138010/timothy-garton-ash/the-crisis-of-europe 6/12/2012 R. Cooper, The Breaking of Nations, Order and Chaos in the Twenty First Century, Atlantic Book, 2003. Streeck Wolfgang, 2008 vendredi 23 mars 2012, par Streeck Wolfgang, [ ()] LE monde-diplomatique http://www.mondediplomatique.gr/spip.php?article323 Timothy Garton Ash, . . . 26 2012 U. Beck ! : 06 . 2012 / LE MONDE http://www.24grammata.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/crisi-di-democrazia-in-europe- 24grammata.com_.pdf 5/12/2012 18