ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗ Για Τη ΒΙΟΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΤΗΤ Α_15 01 2014
-
Author
aliazar-eski -
Category
Documents
-
view
14 -
download
0
Embed Size (px)
description
Transcript of ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗ Για Τη ΒΙΟΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΤΗΤ Α_15 01 2014
-
,
&
2014
-
1
. , , , , , , . , , , - . 6 , , 15 . :
. , ,
. - , , ,
. , , , ,
. , , , ,
. ,
. , ,
. , ,
, 1999, (. 2204/1994) , 2014. : 1999 , .
-
2
- () , , () - - . 2009 , . , , , - , WWF , Greenpeace, , , , MOm, , , SOS . , , 2000, 3937/2011. , () () 2013. , , " 2000", , 14 .
, - , , , , - , .
,
9.01.2014
-
3
........................................................................................................................ 3
. ............................................................................................................................. 5
.1. ............................................................................................................................ 9 .2. ....................................................................................... 10 .3. , .................................................................................................... 13 .4. ............................. 15
. ....................................................................................... 19
.1. ........................................................................................ 19 .2. ..................... 19 .2.1 ............................................................................................................................. 19 .2.2 ............................................................................................................... 20 .2.3. ........................................................................................... 21
.2.3.1. .................................................................................... 22 .2.3.2. ....................................................................................................... 22
.2.3.2.1. .................................................................................... 22 .2.3.2.2. ...................................................................................... 22 .2.3.2.3. ........................................................................................... 23 .2.3.2.4 ............................................................................................. 24
.2.4 (invasive species) .................................................................. 27 B.2.5. (Soil biodiversity) .................................................................... 28 .2.6 ............................................................................................................. 29
.2.6.1 ............................................................................................................ 29 .2.6.2 .......................................................................... 29 .2.6.3 .............................................................................. 31 .2.6.4 ........................................................ 32 .2.6.5 ( ) ...................... 35 .2.6.6 ....................................................... 36
.2.7 ................................................................. 37 .3. .......... 39 .3.1. ................................................................................................................................................. 39 .3.3. ( ) . .................................. 43 .4. ........................................ 44 .4.1 ...................................................................................................................... 44 .4.2 ............................................................................ 49 .4.3 ......................................................................................................................... 52 .4.4 ......................................................................................................... 53
: ,
..................................................................................................... 55
.1. ........................................................................... 55 .2 ......................... 55 .2.1 1: ................................. 55 .2.2 2: ................................................................................................................................... 56 2.3 3: ................................................................................................................................. 57
-
4
.2.4 4: - - .................................................................................................................. 58 .2.5 5: (, ) ...................................................................... 59 .2.6 6: ..................................... 60 .2.7 7: ............................................................................................................ 62 .2.8 8: ................... 63 .2.9 9: ............................................................................................... 63 .2.10 10: ................................... 64 .2.11 11: ............................................................................................................ 65 .2.12 12: ................................................................................................................................................. 66 .2.13 13: .................................................................. 67
:
............................................... 72
.1. ........................................................................................................ 72
:
2020 .............................................................. 81
-
5
.
. ,
. ,
,
. , 1992,
,
.
,
1 , ,
,
.
, ,
1994 (. 2204/ 59).
6
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, .
, 2001,
()
( ) 2010, 2002, 130
(
) 2010.
2010
, (CoP10)
(CBD),
2010,
2011-2020.
(vision)
,
, , ,
,
.
(mission),
, 2020
-
6
,
,
. 5
(strategic goals), 20 (headline targets)
Aichi (Aichi Targets)
.
1 2010
2,
:
: 2050,
,
, , ,
,
.
:
2020
, ,
.
2020,
2050,
: , :
2020.3
2020
2020.
,
:
( 1 2),
( 3, 4 5)
( 6).
1 25-26
2010. EUCO7/10. , 26.3.2010.
2 : 2010 (ABS) . 7536/2010. , 16.3.2010.
3 COM (2011) 244 : , ,
. : 2020. 3.5.2011
-
7
.
, 2011,
20204.
2020.
( 2011),
5.
.
.
. ,
2012.
. ,
.
,
, .
:
. ,
,
. - ,
,
,
. , ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
(/8) 9
(, 2008),
: 1)
, 2) ,
4 Council of the European Union, 3103
rd Council meeting, Environment, Luxemburg 21 June 2011, Ref
11827/11 5 Council of the European Union, 3139
th Council meeting, Environment, Brussels 19 December 2011,
Ref 18786/11
-
8
3) 4) .
2020 (2011).
(2013 2028),
.
1999
,
.
- () ,
,
() -
- .
,
.
,
, , -
,
WWF , Greenpeace, ,
, , MOm,
, , SOS .
, , 2000,
3937/2011.
,
()
()
2013.
-
9
.1.
: , , ,
. ,
.
: (
), .
.
:
(biological diversity)
, , ,
,
. ,
.
(genetic material) , ,
.
(genetic resource)
.
(country providing genetic resources)
(in-situ),
,
(ex-situ)
.
(protected area)
,
(sustainable use)
,
,
.
(ecosystem)
,
.
.
(habitat),
( ) ,
. ,
.
,
.
-
10
.
(direct threats)
,
,
.
(underlying or root causes)
, , ,
.
(invasive alien species) ()
,
, ,
.
(endemic)
.
(red list)
(IUCN)
, .
IUCN,
.
(geotopes) -
,
,
.
.2.
, ,
. , ,
, ,
.
. ,
,
, ,
, .
,
(ecosystem services) .
.
-
11
.
6, :
o (supporting):
,
,
.
o (provisioning):
, , , , , ,
.
o (regulating):
,
.
,
.
o (cultural):
.
,
,
.
,
7,
:
o (use values):
o (direct use) (.. , , ),
o (indirect use) (.. ,
)
o / (optional use),
o / (non-use values),
,
, (..
).
.
6 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity synthesis.
World Resources Institute. Washington, DC. 100p. 7 EEA Technical report, No 4/2010. Scaling up ecosystem benefits A contribution to the Economics of
Ecosystems and Biodiversity, (TEEB) Study
-
12
8, , 2000 2050,
( )
50 .
,
. 2010,
545 , 1%
. , , 2000-2050,
,
7% .
,
,
. ,
2006
9 1,2 ,
2007 10 0,5 ,
2005 11 0,4
, 200912 0,12 ,
- 13 2007
0,5 ( 0,75 .
, . 75% ),
201014 0,08 , 2020
0,4 .
2,8
. , ,
60% . ,
. ,
.
.
,
.
8 Braat L., ten Brink P. et al. 2008. The Cost of Policy Inaction (COPI): The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target.
9 United Nations, Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade)
10 Wild D., Francke C.-J., Menzli P., Schn U., 2007, SAM Study Water: a market of the future, http://www.sam-group.com/downloads/studies/waterstudy_e.pdf
11 FAO Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood Products, Global Wood and Wood Products Flow,
Shanghai, China, 6 June 2007 12
http://www.naturalfibres2009.org/ 13
http://www.prlog.org/10151247-global-pharmaceutical-market-will-reach-929-billion-in-2012-says-new-report.html
14 http://www.pikeresearch.com/newsroom/global-biofuels-market-to-reach-247-billion-by-2020-despite-
near-term-challenges
-
13
.
.3. ,
,
, 100 1000
15,
. , 16
:
,
(,
),
, ,
,
,
, ,
, . : ,
,
,
,
- , -
, ,
, , ,
,
,
.
, .
,
, .
, : , ,
, - .
15
Pimm S.L., Russell G.J., Gittlema, J.L. & Brooks T.M. 1995. Science 269, 347350. 16
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and
Trends, Volume 1,Island Press. Chapter 4. Biological Diversity, pp.96-99.
-
14
(2007)17,
, , ,
, , , ,
,
. ,
, .
,
,
(2003),
,
, (.. ,
, ), ,
, ,
, , (.. ,
,
) .
17 European Environment Agency. 2007. Europes Environment The Fourth Assessment. State of the
environment report No 1/2007. Copenhagen.
-
15
.4.
, ,
1960. ,
,
,
1971,
(CITES), 1973,
( ),
1972 1979,
(
), 1979.
1987,
,
Brundtland.
.
.
Brundtland
,
1992
.
Agenda 21,
,
,
,
,
1994. ,
. B ,
1 , ,
.
2009,
(Copenhagen),
2 , ,
, ,
.
Cancun (), 2010, Durban . ,
-
16
2011,
, 2017.
(20) (,
1992), 2012, (+),
, ,
- (The Future we Want).
,
79/409/
(
2009/147/ ) 92/43/
,
,
1998. ,
90
. 2000 ,
2000/60/
( ),
, ,
. , 2008/56/
(
)
.
2008
(2009/89/CE L34 4.2.2009),
.
,
, 13 14 2007.
2007.
29 2007
( ) .
,
.
, , ,
.
.
.
2009.
, ,
-
17
, .
,
, : )
, )
/ )
( , , ..).
, , , ,
, , ,
.
. 2007/60
,
,
-
, .
,
.
, 1976 1995
,
. ,
(2005),
,
() SAP BIO
(2003). , ,
(
MedWet).
,
6
, 2002, 2010,
,
,
. 2002
. , E ,
2001 :
2010. , 2006
(COM 2006/216 )
2010 ,
-
18
.
2010
(COM (2010) 548 ,
8.10.2010)
2010.
,
, ,
. ,
.
2010 .
2010 ,
2011- 2020
2050 2020
.
, ,
, ,
.
-
19
.
.1.
, 132.000 km2 10.500.000 ,
.
(29 , Thornwaite),
,
. , ,
,
. , 2/3
, 1500 m.
( 15.000 km)
.
(, ),
( ,
- , -
, , ,
, , ..),
.
( )
(, )
(entisols, inceptisols,
alfisols, vertisols).
.
.2.
.2.1
,
, ,
.
575218,19 1893
, 6600 taxa 1072
18
Strid A, Tan K. 1997. Flora hellenica 1. Knigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books.
Strid A, Tan K. 2002. Flora hellenica 2. Ruggell: Koeltz Scientific Books.
Tan K, Iatrou G. 2001. Endemic plants of Greece, the Peloponnese. Copenhagen: Gads Publishers
Dimopoulos P., Raus Th., Bergmeier E., Constantinidis Th., Iatrou G., Kokkini S., Strid A. &
Tzanoudakis D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece: An annotated checklist. Englera 31: 1-372. 19
Georgiou K. & Delipetrou P. 2010. Patterns and traits of the endemic plants of Greece. Botanical
Journal of the Linnean Society 162:130422.
-
20
185 .
1278 (22.2%
) 452 , 1461
taxa (22.1% taxa). 20 ,
23.130 ,
3.956 21, 3.500 .
(..
) .
,
.
, 22 60 , 48 , 12
, 62 , 49 , 63 , 85
.
,
.
,
,
,
. ,
, - () ,
, , ,
(- -) .
.2.2
.
, ,
, 23
,
(cultivated wild relatives, CWRs). ,
( 60 70)
,
() ,
(genetic erosion)
20
., . 2009. . , , . 528.
21 Fauna Europaea Web Service 2004. Fauna Europaea version 1.1. http://www.faunaeur.org
22
. 23
Stavropoulos N. 1995. Greece: First Country Report concerning the state on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture and NAGREF. Athens.
-
21
24. 2
25,
,
,
,
1%
. , 20
, .
. , 1995, 1 ,
.
(
) 7.220 1995 (
69 169 )
10.650 2005, .
, ,
(.. Rhizobium).
, /
& 26, 8
, 5 1
, . 23 , 21
18 , 6 , .
, 6 , 5
( ) 2 . 6
, 1 .
.2.3.
, :
. ,
, 27
(Monera), (Protista), (Fungi),
(Plantae) (Animalia). 28,
: , .
,
24
. 2000. . . 265-368. , 25-2-2000 . .
25 Stavropoulos N., Gogkas D., Chatziathanassiou A., Zagilis E., Drakopoulos G., Paitaridou D., Trigas
P., Thanopoulos R., Koutsomitros S., Perdikaris A., Lourida B., Alesta A.. 2006. Greece: Second Country Report concerning the state on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Hellenic Democracy, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens. http://www.minagric.gr/greek/FitogenetiPori.html
26 2007-2013 " "
27 Whittaker R. 1969. New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better
represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms. Science 163 : 150160 28
Woese C.R., Kandler O., Wheelis M.L.. 1990. Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 87: 4576-4579.
-
22
,
.
,
, , .
.2.3.1.
, ,
. ,
,
,
. , ,
.
29 ( ),
.
.2.3.2.
.2.3.2.1.
,
.
(, 25,
, ..) (.. , ,
..) .
,
.
, , , M ,
.., , ,
.., .
[
(.2.3.2.4.), ..
], .
, , (
.2.3.1),
.
.2.3.2.2.
. .
, 100.000 .
29
(. .2.3.2.1 .2.3.2.2) .
-
23
,
, . 1973,
, 1950
- 30. ,
.
11.000 . ,
3.000.
.
, 150 taxa31, 2000
32.
.2.3.2.3.
. .
. ,
503 taxa, 313 , 103 87
33.
. ( ).
, 34 750 taxa.
39%
taxa :
4 taxa (Anthoceratophyta) 155 taxa (Marchantiophyta) 590 taxa (Bryophyta)
. ( )
660035 taxa (5752 ) ,
1461 taxa (1278 ) ,
. taxa/
22.2% / 22.1% 35, 36
30
. 1973. . . , .
31 (.. , ).
32 Diamandis S. 2000. List of threatened Macrofungi in Greece. ECCF Newsletter 10: 12.
33 Haritonidis S., Orfanidis S., Lazaridou Th. 1992. Preliminary results of a checklist of the benthic
marine algae of the Greek coasts (Aegean and Ionian Seas). CIESM 33:5. 34
T . 2009. : ( ). . , , , , . 356.
35 Dimopoulos P., Raus Th., Bergmeier E., Constantinidis Th., Iatrou G., Kokkini S., Strid A. &
Tzanoudakis D. 2013. Vascular plants of Greece: An annotated checklist. Englera 31: 1-372 Strid A, Tan K. 1997. Flora hellenica 1. Knigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. Strid A, Tan K. 2002. Flora hellenica 2. Ruggell: Koeltz Scientific Books. Tan K, Iatrou G. 2001. Endemic plants of Greece, the Peloponnese. Copenhagen: Gads Publishers.
36 Dimopoulos P., Raus Th., Bergmeier E., Constantinidis Th., Iatrou G., Kokkini S., Strid A. &
Tzanoudakis D. 2013. Vascular plants of Greece: An annotated checklist. Englera 31: 1-372
-
24
.
(, , ).
, 253 37 ( 18%
) ,
: , IUCN38,
2 . , 15,
39,40.
460 , 8%
.
,
, 2007, 58 ,
92/43/. ,
2 92/43/
2000 2006, 5,
19 2, 32
. -
,
63 .
,
.
.2.3.2.4
.
taxa,
. taxa
, ,
.
Strid A, Tan K. 1997. Flora hellenica 1. Knigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. Strid A, Tan K. 2002. Flora hellenica 2. Ruggell: Koeltz Scientific Books. Tan K, Iatrou G. 2001. Endemic plants of Greece, the Peloponnese. Copenhagen: Gads Publishers.
37 Georgiou, K. & P. Delipetrou. 2010. Patterns and traits of the endemic plants of Greece. Botanical
Journal of the Linnean Society 162:130422. 38
, ,
(International Union for the Conservation of Nature, IUCN)
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/red_list/resources/technical_documents/
( 3.1). 39
., ., . (.). 2009.
, & ,
, . 40
Phitos D., Strid A., Snogerup S., Greuter W. (eds.) 1995. The Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened
Plants of Greece, WWF Hellas, Athens.
-
25
( 8000),
. ,
.
.
, ,
, 1.
, 15%
. ,
, ,
.
1.
41
(RE)
-
(CR)
-
(EN)
T
(VU)
-
(NT)
-
-
(LC)
-
(DD)
-
-
(NE)
%
(CR,EN,VU)
0 5 4 5 0 0 0 453 476 2,9
5 14 12 23 3 60 15 0 154 31,8
0 1 2 3 3 13 0 0 22 27,3
0 2 4 6 6 46 0 0 64 18,8
1 14 17 31 16 26 17 227 442 14,0
0 3 12 13 11 10 20 69 115 24,3
6 39 51 81 41 159 45 718 1273 13,4
2.
.
: ( )42, (*)39, (**)43
* 108 0
288 71
59 1
162 49
3.197 251
2.800 236
2.857 274
6.863 1.329
73 3
973 87
41
: . & , . (. ). 2009. . , , 528 .
42 Fauna Europaea Web Service. http://www.faunaeur.org
43 ., - .., ., . 2010. .
, , , , 220 .
-
26
919 97
73 24
3 0
3 0
2 1
33 3
16 1
346 124
67 12
69 5
17 5
20 3
134 39
58 30
14 1
148 86
** 102 27
7 1
33 5
() * 233 153
** 231 1
** ~600 29
383 111
* 915 236
100
10 5
3 2
1 0
120 55
10 2
() ** 754 486
( ) 93 12
** 308 1
** ~700 0
** 200 0
98 9
18 0
58 5
64 5
165 15
91 1
132 0
,
27.000, 4.000
. , , ,
. 2
,
, 3
-
27
IUCN
.
, , 231
92/43/, 286
4 79/409/ (147
79/409/ 139 ). ,
37 .
3. IUCN37
-
(CR)
(EN)
T
(VU)
(DD)
(LC)
10
1 28
3
1
1 4
()
10
()
70 28 63 211
1
20 9 4
3
41 2 4
1 11
3 3
2 5
1 1
4 19 16
2 3
1 4
1
141 64 99 76 211
.2.4 (invasive species)
,
:
-
28
, .
(),
.
( 9 /
34 ), ELNAIS (Ellenic Network on Aquatic
Invasive Species).
SEBI 2010 (Streamlining European Biodiversity Indicators, 2010).
- . ,
21 DAISIE (Delivering
Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe).
. ,
.
Arianoutsou et al. (2010),
343 taxa, 49 294
.
, Dimopoulos et al. (2013),
250 (alien) taxa, 3.8% taxa
), 49% taxa
- - ( ) .
19% 11% taxa
. taxa ,
( -
- taxa ).
22% taxa -, - -
() .
(aliens) (xenophytes)
Dimopoulos et al. (2013)
Arianoutsou et al. (2010)
,
,
.
B.2.5. (Soil biodiversity)
. ,
.
. ,
, .
, ,
, , , , , .
50.000 ,
1 .
-
29
, ,
, .
.
( ),
, pH.
,
.
,
,
, ,
. ,
,
.
, :
, ,
, , .
,
1
44.
.2.6
.2.6.1
, -
, .
.
.2.6.2
.
, , , ,
, , ..
45, 411
, (2/3)
44
Turbe . et al. 2010. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/soil/pdf/biodiversity_report.pdf. 45
., ., ., .., . 2000. A . . - () .
-
30
. WWF E46
805 (707 67
, , 98 8 ),
1 10 .
, .
, 10 ,
,
. 3044/2002.
.
(
, , .),
, ,
.
, 42%
, 20%
.
14% 15% . 36%
, 28%
. ,
26%
13% , . ,
,
,
. ,
WWF , 63%
, 55%
, 57%
, 45% . 35%
,
85%
, ,
.
10
, , 7
( Montreaux).
,
.
46
. & .. 2007. : , . WWF . ( 28 2010)
-
31
,
,
, .
,
, , .
.2.6.3
,
,
.
47 ()
.
() 2007 2013 4
2 3
() . ,
2.423.186 48.
67,6%
(3.583.185,27 ) 2000.
.
.
.
,
- , ,
,
, ,
,
,
, . ,
-
,
.
,
,
, .
49,
,
. 47
, ( ) , , , .
48 . 2008. (hign
nature value) . 49 http://www.minagric.gr
-
32
,
.
.2.6.4
, ,
2007,
( 2005),
29,1% 21,6%.
1990 2005 (6.511.000, 6.525.000 6.532.000 1990, 2000
2005, ). ,
(3.750.000 2005 3.299.000
1990),
(2.780.000 2005 3.212.000 1990).
,
.
1920
.
.
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
:
- , , ,
( ,
, ).
- ,
,
. ,
.
-
( ).
- (
, ).
-
33
.
- , ,
(), ,
,
( ) ,
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus.
, ,
, ,
.
.
: : ) ,
, , )
,
)
,
.
: , ,
(
) ,
. ,
,
.
.
-
34
1. ( , . 1992).
50.
50
(
1800-2000 m).
-
35
, ,
, .
2/3 .
2.000 m. ,
. ,
, ,
, .
. ,
( ,
, ) .
,
.
.2.6.5 ( )
,
, .
(maquis macchia)
- ,
.
, , 2 m.
,
700 m, , , .
.
.
,
.
.
- .
,
.
, , , ,
..
, ,
,
/,
.
-
36
.2.6.6
,
,
(. .2.6.2), (.. , Posidonia
oceania), , , ..
,
(.. ,
92/43/).
, , ,
/ .
,
,
.
(80
),
250 . ,
17.400 ,
.
3.000 ( 9.800 ).
(2006)51,
( ) .
: (,
, .. . .2.6.2).
, ,
,
,
,
.
:
(/) - ,
, , /
, .
85% , 80%
51
, 2006. Report of Greece on ICZM. http://www.minenv.gr/4/42/00/094%20GR%20Report%20CZM-full%20version-4-final.pdf
-
37
, 90% ,
, 35% ( )
, , , ,
, .46.
-
,
. ,
.
( ) -
65% . ,
,
,
52.
- 28,6% ,
4
25 (DG ENV, European
Commission, 2004. Coastal erosion-Evaluation of the need for action).
.
, ,
, , .,
( ). ,
2009 195
(, )53. 200654
100 -
( ) (
) . ,
,
.
.2.7
H 85
92/43/,
:
1.
2.
52
Tsikliras A.C., Dinouli A., Stergiou K.I. (2010) Exploitation pattern of the Mediterranean fisheries. Rapport du 39e Congrs de la Commission Internationale pour lExploration Scientifique de la Mer Mditerrane: in press.
53 Pancucci-Papadopoulou M.A, Zenetos A., Corsini-Foka M., Politou Ch, 2005. Update of marine alien species in Hellenic waters. Mediterranean Marine Science 6: 1-11.
54 Streftaris N., Zenetos A. 2006. Alien Marine Species in the Mediterranean - the 100 Worst Invasives and their Impact. Mediterranean Marine Science 7: 87-118.
-
38
3.
4.
5. (matorrals)
6.
7. ,
8.
9.
1.
.
2 55
2000-2006, 49 , 58%
, , 26 (30%)
7
( 82 ). 7
.
1,
.
55
http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/gr/eu/art17/envrfzupg
-
39
.3.
.3.1.
.
, ,
. ,
( 4) ,
.
, ,
, , :
, ,
,
, , ,
( ),
, :
, ,
, (
), (, ),
.
, :
, (
), ,
, , ,
, , .
, : ,
, , . ,
,
(
).
, :
, ,
, ,
. : ,
, (
).
,
, :
, ,
, .
-
40
4.
56
57 58 59 54
54
54
54
54
1. ,
6 60 6 6 14
26
33
30 5 5
2 1
-
11 13 5
2. ,
16 89 7 6 9
11 3 6
() 50 39 1 2
() 4 1
3.
11 16 1 2 2 3
(
)
1760
23
4.
21 45 1 8 13
23
5.
- 85 8 14 17 - - -
-
18 3
39 - - - - - - -
3 23 2 1 8
56
IUCN, Threats Classification Scheme (Version 3.0), 11 .
57 Phitos D. et al (eds) 1995: The Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened Plants of Greece, WWF. 263.
58 : , & , 2009. 201.
59 : . & . (. .). 2009. . , , 528 . 11 , 17 , 61 45 .
60 , () , , .
-
41
- - - - - - 12 4
(
)
18 3 10 11 2
6.
1 45 8 2 26 2 3
(, ,
)
100
7.
15 31 8 6 12
(
)
31 1 5 8
: ,
8 3
: 25
:
,
99 8 1 2 34
8. 9 1 3 8 11
9.
27 7 1 2 11 1 31
23 5 1 3 16 2 19
113 8 1 16 19 1 34
19 9 1
10 1
10. () 1
11.
( ..)
51 10 4 7 14
, , , ,
(.., ),
, ,
.
,
( ).
, ,
() .
, ,
, ,
.
-
42
.
.
,
. :
(.. )
.
.
,
,
,
,
. ,
. , ,
.
(
, ,
)
,
,
, .
, ,
,
,
. ,
(.. ..),
.
,
. , ,
, ,
.
-
43
,
,
,
,
.
, 61
:
)
,
) ()
( ),
)
,
)
,
)
)
.
.3.3. ( ) .
.3,
,
( ) .
:
.
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
,
61
Dimopoulos P., Bergmeier E., Fishcer P. 2006. Natura 2000 habitat types of Greece evaluated in the light of distribution, threat and responsibility. Biology and Environment 106B: 175-187
-
44
,
, ,
, .
,
/
.
,
, , , ,
.
, ,
,
.
,
( ).
( )
.
,
, .
.
.4.
.4.1
2204/1994, ,
93/626/ .
, ,
,
,
.
24
.
-
45
. 1650/1986, . 3937/2011.
(
.. 86/1969 . 996/1971 998/1979,
. 3028/2003) . 2971 /2001 ,
.
. 743/1977, .. 55/1998 (
58) . 1269/1982 ( 89)
,
MARPOL 73/78, . ,
2252/1994, 3100/2003 .. 11/2002
,
,
..
.
33318/3028/1998
92/43/ (
. .. 14849/853/103, 645 11.4.2008).
Natura 2000.
2009/147/ ( 79/409/) ,
414985/1985 ,
. .. 37338/1807/103, 1495/ 6.9.2010
/ ,
79/409/, ,
2 1979, 2009/147/
- .. 8353/276/103/17-2-2012 ( 415//23-2-2012)
. 37338/1807/2010
/ , 79/409/....
( 1495), 1
4 79/409/
2 1979,
2009/147/.
. 1650/1986, 15, . .
2742/1999 ,
7 .3937/2010,
.
. 3044/2002, 13 25
,
,
-
46
,
.
, 3937/2011 ( 60 /31.03.2011)
, 1650/86
,
.
(.. .. 80/1990
, .. 67/1981
, .. 434/30/1995
, . 1469/1950
, .. 996/1971 ,
, . 2637/98
).
,
:
(
. 1335/1983),
( .2719/1999),
( N. 855/1978)
(. 1634/1986)
(.. 191/1974, ).
, -
. 2205/1994,
. 2468/1997,
CITES
. 2055/1992
.
3495/2006.
, , () . 73/2009,
. . 262385/2010 ( 509),
() 73/2009 1698/05
,
.
, , 2010
10
.
-
47
,
,
: 80 40//1990
, 434 248//1995,
,
,
(. 3165/2003)
. 2290/1995.
, () . 2173/2005
,
[ () . 1024/2008].
.
, () . 1967/2006
,
.
, (. 3937/2011),
(Posidonia
oceanica). ,
2008/56/ ,
. 3983/2011
2008/56/
17 2008
. ,
.
2020.
,
,
. 3010/02 . 4014/2011,
.
2006 ( 1225//5-9-06).
.
2000/60/, . 3199/2003
..
51/2007
2000/60/,.
76/160/
2006/7/ (
) 2014.
-
48
.. 8600/416/103 ( 356 / 26-2-2009)
2000/60/,
91/271/EOK ,
98/15/,
... 5673/400/1997 (... 192/14-3-1997) ''
''. 1999 (... 19661/1982/1999 (...
1811/29-9-1999) 2002 (... 48392/939/3-2-2002 (...
405/3-4-2002) .
2007/60/
. 31822/1542/103 (
1108//21.7.2010)
2008/56 ,
3983/2011
2008/56/ 17
2008 .
, . 2425/1996,
.
, ,
. 3233/04 ( 51//04),
11642/1943 ( 831//2002) 38639/2017 (
1334//05) 98/81 2001/18
.
2004/35/
148/09 ( 190//29-9-09).
2008/98/
. 4042/2012 (
24//13.2.2012).
, (.
6876/4871//3.7.2008). ,
( 1138//2009), (2464//3-12-
08), 3851/2010 ( 85//3-6-2010),
( 151 /13.04.2009) (
2505//04.11.2011).
, ,
. 12
(
), -
-
49
.
.
3827/2010 ( 30/25.2.2010)
. 20-10-2000
1-3-2004.
,
.
.
.4.2
,
, ,
. ,
Natura 2000,
,
. 3937/2011.
,
, 1986,
. ,
. 996/1971
. 86/1969 . ,
. 177/75, . 2637/1998.
(. 1650/86),
: ,
, ,
, . .3937/2011
, , ( ),
( ,
, ),
.
,
,
-
50
(CDDA), 2011 2,5
. , Natura
2000 .
,
.
. 2
.
, . 1465/1950,
. 5351/1932 .
()
, 161/1984
( 54/).
2.
, 1938 . (: . Status, Response: Nationally
designated protected areas (GR - SEBI 2010 07)
28
1650/1986 , 2742/1999
3044/2002
,
, 90 ()
Natura 2000.
,
-
51
() 2000-2006, 8.1.
2009. , ,
,
.
2007-2013
(),
. ,
( , ,
/ & )
,
.
2000, ,
, .
,
, ,
,
UNESCO. O :
,
(UNESCO), (UNESCO,
), ( ),
( )
( ). ,
, ,
457.216 , 200.734
256.482 .
Natura
2000. 202
( 2009/149/) 241 (
92/43/). 239
(). .
,
, 4,3 .
27,3% 6,1% .
10 ,
-
52
, , ,
.
.
, -
.
.4.3
,
,
.
,
,
. (
)
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
, , ,
, .
,
,
.
,
, ,
. ,
33318/3028/98 2000.
, ,
. ,
,
-
53
. 2000, 13
12 62.
, ,
.
.4.4
, ,
.
:
1.
.
2.
, . ,
, ,
,
,
, .
3.
.
4.
( , , , )
.
5.
Natura 2000
.
6.
,
.
7. .
8. .
9. ,
.
62
" " - 1997-1998.
-
54
10. .
11. ,
.
12. , ,
,
.
13.
, .
14. .
15. .
16.
.
17. , , ,
.
18.
.
-
55
: ,
.1.
, 2010,
,
2050:
2050:
,
, .
.
,
.
.2
:
2026, , ,
,
.
.
13 ,
,
.2.1 1:
.
,
.
. ,
. ,
-
56
,
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
1.1 1.2:
1.1
1.2
,
.
.2.2 2:
,
15 .
. ,
, .
, (.. ),
, , ,
. ,
,
.
,
, .
,
.
-
57
, , ,
. ,
.
,
92/43/ 2009/147/,
,
2
92/43/.
2.1 - 2.3:
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3 3:
. ,
,
, ,
.
.
Natura 2000,
.
().
,
,
.
. , ,
,
.
,
,
.
-
58
,
. , ,
,
.
3.1 - 3.3:
3.1
3.2 Natura 2000
3.3 , ,
.2.4 4: -
-
,
.
,
.
(
80/1990 40 , . 3165/2003 434 /1995 248 ,
). ,
, ,
,
. ,
(in situ ), (on farm),
(ex situ ), ,
, , ,
.
.
.
. ,
(2010), 10
-
59
,
.
4.1 - 4.4:
4.1 ,
4.2
4.3 -
4.4 , ,
.2.5 5:
(, )
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
(......).
,
.
. , ,
.....
,
(
..)
(, , , , ,
)
.
-
60
, ,
.
,
,
. ,
()/
().
, ,
, , (,
, , ),
, .
5.1 - 5.8:
5.1
5.2
5.3
( )
5.4
5.5 , ,
,
5.6
5.7
5.8 (,
, )
.2.6 6:
,
, ,
.
-
61
, .
,
.
,
,
, -, . ,
.
,
. ,
.
,
. ,
,
. ,
(. 3827/2010),
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
,
,
, .
6.1 - 6.3:
6.1
6.2
6.3
-
62
.2.7 7:
,
.
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
. ,
.
,
. ,
,
.
,
. ,
,
.
,
,
, ,
,
.
7.1 - 7.2:
7.1
7.2
7.3
-
63
.2.8 8:
()
, ,
,
, , . ,
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
CITES.
, .
,
.
8.1 - 8.2:
8.1 ,
8.2
.2.9 9:
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
. ,
fora
,
,
-
64
- .. ..
.
.
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
9.1 - 9.2:
9.1 ,
9.2
.2.10 10:
,
.
,
, ,
, , , .
,
,
, ,
. ,
,
.
-
65
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
, .
,
. ,
. ,
,
, /
. ,
.
10.1 - 10.2:
10.1 ,
,
10.2
.2.11 11:
.
,
.
,
. ,
,
, .
-
66
-
.
.
,
, .
,
,
.
,
.
11.1 - 11.2:
11.1
11.2
.2.12 12:
.
. ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
, , ,
.
.
-
67
,
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
12.1 - 12.2:
12.1 ,
12.2
.2.13 13:
. ,
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
. ,
, .
.
.
,
- .
-
68
.
,
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
,
, ,
, , . ,
.
.
,
2007/60/. ,
,
.
13.1 - 13.3:
13.1 /
13.2
13.3
-
69
1:
1:
1.1
1.2
,
2:
2.1
2.2
2.3
3:
3.1
3.2 Natura
2000 -
3.3 ,
4:
-
-
4.1 ,
4.2
4.3
-
4.4
()
5:
(,
)
5.1
5.2
5.3
(
)
5.4
5.5 ,
, ,
-
70
5.6
5.7
5.8
(, , )
6:
6.1
6.2
6.3
7:
7.1
7.2
(climate change
adaptation)
7.3
8:
8.1 , ,
8.2
9:
9.1 ,
9.2
10:
10.1 ,
,
10.2
-
71
11:
11.1
11.2
12:
12.1
,
12.2
13:
13.1 /
13.2
13.3
-
72
:
.1.
15 . ,
,
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
2020,
.
, .
.
1: , 1.1.:
, 1.1.2:
/
.
1
.
-
73
1:
/
1
1.1
1.2
-
74
2
2.1
(SEBI 1)63 (
)
(SEBI 2, Red List Index)
(SEBI
3)
2.2
2.3
3
3.1
63
SEBI 2010 (Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators) . , - . / , , UNEP/PEBLDS UNEP-WCMC. 2005 100 .
-
75
3.2
2000 (Natura 2000) -
(SEBI 7)
(SEBI 5)
(SEBI 14)
3.3 , ,
4
-
-
4.1 ,
Ex situ
(, , ),
ex situ
(SEBI 6)
4.2
4.3
-
4.4 ,
()
-
76
5
(,
)
5.1
(SEBI 13)
()
/
-
5.2
5.3
(
)
5.4
5.5
, ,
,
5.6
-
77
5.7
5.8
(, ,
)
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
7
7.1
7.2
-
78
7.3
(SEBI 11)
8
8.1 ,
,
(SEBI
10)
8.2
9
9.1
,
,
9.2
10
10.1
,
,
(SEBI
25)
-
79
10.2
11
11.1
- -
/
,
11.2
12
12.1
,
12.2
-
80
13
13.1 /
13.2
13.3
-
81
: 2020
-
82
( CBD), ( )
()
2011-2020
Aichi
2020
()
1: 2020
,
1:
3 H
Natura 2000
(2013)
11.1:
11.2:
1:
.
2: 2020
,
,
,
,
.
2:
5
( 2020
.
2:
11:
13:
3: 2020, 3: 5:
-
83
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
-
.
8-12
4:
13-14
(
,
)
7:
4: 2020,
, ,
,
,
,
.
3:
8-12
4:
13-14
6:
17-20
5:
12:
5: 2020,
,
,
,
.
2:
3:
-
84
6: 2020,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
4:
13-14
1 5
:
1:
5:
5:
(
)
:
2:
3:
8:
7: 2020,
,
,
,
.
3:
8-12
4:
13-14
5:
(
,
)
-
85
8: 2020,
,
,
.
(, ,
, ,
,
)
5:
(
)
9: 2020,
,
,
.
5:
15:
16:
( 2012)
8:
10: 2015,
,
.
.
5:
(
)
2 3
11: 2020,
17%
10%
1:
2:
-
86
,
,
,
,
.
1-4
3 4
:
3:
8-12
4:
13-14
3:
5:
12: 2020,
,
1:
.
2:
3:
13: 2020,
,
,
,
3:
10:
4:
5:
-
87
(
)
14: 2020,
,
,
,
,
,
,
2:
6:
1, 3, 4, 5.
1:
.
2:
3:
5:
8:
15: 2020,
,
1:
2:
2:
3:
-
88
15%
,
3 4
:
3:
4:
5:
7:
16: 2015,
Nagoya
,
,
6:
20:
.
4:
17: 2015,
,
,
,
,
,
18: 2020,
,
.
-
89
,
,
,
.
19: 2020,
,
,
, ,
,
, ,
(cross-cutting issue)
1:
.
12:
20: 2020,
,
2011-2020
,
.
.
6:
18:
.
13:
6 , 9 10