pp p space uter space p pNASAp pNASA 29 1958 NASA p pNASAp pp pbr p p p p4 1957 1 p pESAp p : ESA 30 1975 22 2000 2011 p pESAp p-p p:p p1 2 3p p19132454p p22488965p p3311537p p44390262p